-
1 data
1.do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre (also in a longer form, dănunt = dant, Pac., Naev., and Caecil. ap. Non. 97, 14 sq.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 48; id. Ps. 3, 1, 1 et saep.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 12 Müll.— Subj.:I.duim = dem,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 38:duis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 81; id. Men. 2, 1, 42:duas = des,
id. Merc. 2, 3, 67; id. Rud. 5, 3, 12; an old formula in Liv. 10, 19:duit,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 54; id. Aul. 1, 1, 23; an old formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:duint,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 126; id. Ps. 4, 1, 25; id. Trin. 2, 4, 35; Ter. And. 4, 1, 43; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 34 al.— Imper.: DVITOR, XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 21, 3, 5 ex conject.—Inf.: DASI = dari, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 13 Müll.:dane = dasne,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22.—The pres. pass., first pers., dor, does not occur), v. a. [Sanscr. dā, da-dā-mi, give; Gr. di-dô-mi, dôtêr, dosis; cf.: dos, donum, damnum], to give; and hence, with the greatest variety of application, passing over into the senses of its compounds, derivatives, and synonyms (edere, tradere, dedere; reddere, donare, largiri, concedere, exhibere, porrigere, praestare, impertire, suppeditare, ministrare, subministrare, praebere, tribuere, offerre, etc.), as, to give away, grant, concede, allow, permit; give up, yield, resign; bestow, present, confer, furnish, afford; offer, etc. (very freq.).In gen.:(β).eam carnem victoribus danunt, Naev. ap. Non. l. l.: ea dona, quae illic Amphitruoni sunt data,
Plaut. Am. prol. 138; cf.:patera, quae dono mi illic data'st,
id. ib. 1, 3, 36:dandis recipiendisque meritis,
Cic. Lael. 8; cf.:ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum,
id. ib. 16, 58: ut obsides accipere non dare consuerint, Caes. B. G. 1, 4 fin.:obsides,
id. ib. 1, 19, 1;1, 31, 7 et saep.: patriam (sc. mundum) dii nobis communem secum dederunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:hominibus animus datus est ex illis sempiternis ignibus,
id. ib. 6, 15; cf. ib. 6, 17:ea dant magistratus magis, quae etiamsi nolint, danda sint,
id. ib. 1, 31; cf.imperia,
id. ib. 1, 44:centuria, ad summum usum urbis fabris tignariis data,
id. ib. 2, 22:Lycurgus agros locupletium plebi, ut servitio, colendos dedit,
id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:ei filiam suam in matrimonium dat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 5:litteras ad te numquam habui cui darem, quin dederim,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19: litteras (ad aliquem), to write to one, saep.; cf. id. Att. 5, 11;and in the same signif.: aliquid ad aliquem,
id. ib. 10, 8 fin.:litteras alicui, said of the writer,
to give one a letter to deliver, id. ib. 5, 15 fin.;of the bearer, rarely,
to deliver a letter to one, id. ib. 5, 4 init.: colloquium dare, to join in a conference, converse ( poet.), Lucr. 4, 598 (Lachm.;al. videmus): colloquiumque sua fretus ab urbe dedit,
parley, challenge, Prop. 5, 10, 32:dare poenas,
to give satisfaction, to suffer punishment, Sall. C. 18:alicui poenas dare,
to make atonement to any one; to suffer for any thing, Ov. M. 6, 544; Sall. C. 51, 31;v. poena: decus sibi datum esse justitia regis existimabant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 41:quoniam me quodammodo invitas et tui spem das,
id. ib. 1, 10:dabant hae feriae tibi opportunam sane facultatem ad explicandas tuas litteras,
id. ib. 1, 9; cf.:ansas alicui ad reprehendendum,
id. Lael. 16, 59:multas causas suspicionum offensionumque,
id. ib. 24:facultatem per provinciam itineris faciundi,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7, 5;for which: iter alicui per provinciam,
id. ib. 1, 8, 3; Liv. 8, 5; 21, 20 al.:modicam libertatem populo,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:consilium,
id. Lael. 13:praecepta,
id. ib. 4 fin.:tempus alicui, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 3:inter se fidem et jusjurandum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:operam,
to bestow labor and pains on any thing, Cic. de Or. 1, 55:operam virtuti,
id. Lael. 22, 84;also: operam, ne,
id. ib. 21, 78:veniam amicitiae,
id. ib. 17:vela (ventis),
to set sail, id. de Or. 2, 44, 187:dextra vela dare,
to steer towards the right, Ov. 3, 640:me librum L. Cossinio ad te perferendum dedisse,
Cic. Att. 2, 1:sin homo amens diripiendam urbem daturus est,
id. Fam. 14, 14 et saep.: ita dat se res, so it is circumstanced, so it is, Poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 26; cf.:prout tempus ac res se daret,
Liv. 28, 5 et saep.— Impers.: sic datur, so it goes, such is fate, i. e. you have your reward, Plaut. Truc. 4, 8, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 22; id. Men. 4, 2, 40; 64; id. Stich. 5, 6, 5.— Part. perf. sometimes (mostly in poets) subst.: dăta, ōrum, n., gifts, presents, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 72; Prop. 3, 15, 6 (4, 14, 6 M.); Ov. M. 6, 363 (but not in Cic. Clu. 24, 66, where dona data belong together, as in the archaic formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:DATVM DONVM DVIT, P. R. Q.).— Prov.: dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus,
Mart. 5, 81, 2; cf.:dat census honores,
Ov. F. 1, 217.—Poet. with inf.:(γ).da mihi frui perpetuā virginitate,
allow me, Ov. M. 1, 486; id. ib. 8, 350:di tibi dent captā classem reducere Trojā,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 191; so id. ib. 1, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 16, 61; id. A. P. 323 et saep.—With ne:II.da, femina ne sim,
Ov. M. 12, 202.In partic.A.In milit. lang.1.Nomina, to enroll one's self for military service, to enlist, Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 13; Liv. 2, 24; 5, 10; cf.2.transf. beyond the military sphere,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Manus (lit., as a prisoner of war, to stretch forth the hands to be fettered; cf. Cic. Lael. 26, 99;3.hence),
to yield, surrender, Nep. Ham. 1, 4;and more freq. transf. beyond the milit. sphere,
to yield, acquiesce, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72; Cic. Lael. 26, 99; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 3; Ov. H. 4, 14; id. F. 3, 688; Verg. A. 11, 568; Hor. Epod. 17, 1 al.—Terga, for the usual vertere terga; v. tergum.—B. 1.Esp. in jurid. lang.: DO, DICO, ADDICO, the words employed by the praetor in the execution of his office; viz. DO in the granting of judges, actions, exceptions, etc.; DICO in pronouncing sentence of judgment; ADDICO in adjudging the property in dispute to one or the other party; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 30 Müll.;2.hence called tria verba,
Ov. F. 1, 47.—Datur, it is permitted, allowed, granted; with subj. clause: quaesitis diu terris, ubi sistere detur, Ov. M. 1, 307:C.interim tamen recedere sensim datur,
Quint. 11, 3, 127:ex quo intellegi datur, etc.,
Lact. 5, 20, 11.—In philos. lang., to grant a proposition:D.in geometria prima si dederis, danda sunt omnia: dato hoc, dandum erit illud (followed by concede, etc.),
Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 83; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 25; id. Inv. 1, 31 fin. —Designating the limit, to put, place, carry somewhere; and with se, to betake one's self somewhere:E.tum genu ad terram dabo,
to throw, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17; cf.:aliquem ad terram,
Liv. 31, 37; Flor. 4, 2 fin.:me haec deambulatio ad languorem dedit!
has fatigued me, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 3:hanc mihi in manum dat,
id. And. 1, 5, 62:praecipitem me in pistrinum dabit,
id. ib. 1, 3, 9:hostes in fugam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 51 fin.:hostem in conspectum,
to bring to view, Liv. 3, 69 fin.:aliquem in vincula,
to cast into prison, Flor. 3, 10, 18; cf.:arma in profluentes,
id. 4, 12, 9:aliquem usque Sicanium fretum,
Val. Fl. 2, 28:aliquem leto,
to put to death, to kill, Phaedr. 1, 22, 9:se in viam,
to set out on a journey, Cic. Fam. 14, 12:sese in fugam,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 43 fin.; cf.:se fugae,
id. Att. 7, 23, 2:Socrates, quam se cumque in partem dedisset, omnium fuit facile princeps,
id. de Or. 3, 16, 60 et saep.—Designating the effect, to cause, make, bring about, inflict, impose:F.qui dederit damnum aut malum,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 116:nec consulto alteri damnum dari sine dolo malo potest,
Cic. Tull. 14, 34; 16, 39; cf.:malum dare,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:hoc quī occultari facilius credas dabo,
Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 29:inania duro vulnera dat ferro,
Ov. M. 3, 84:morsus,
Prop. 5, 5, 39; cf.:motus dare,
to impart motion, Lucr. 1, 819 al. (but motus dare, to make motion, to move, be moved, id. 2, 311):stragem,
id. 1, 288:equitum ruinas,
to overthrow, id. 5, 1329.—With part. fut. pass.:pectora tristitiae dissolvenda dedit,
caused to be delivered from sadness, Tib. 1, 7, 40.—Prov.: dant animos vina,
Ov. M. 12, 242. —Aliquid alicui, to do any thing for the sake of another; to please or humor another; to give up, sacrifice any thing to another (for the more usual condonare): da hoc illi mortuae, da ceteris amicis ac familiaribus, da patriae, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5 fin.: aliquid auribus alicujus, Trebon. ib. 12, 16:b.Caere hospitio Vestalium cultisque diis,
Liv. 7, 20:plus stomacho quam consilio,
Quint. 10, 1, 117 et saep.:ut concessisti illum senatui, sic da hunc populo,
i. e. forgive him, for the sake of the people, Cic. Lig. 12, 37:dabat et famae, ut, etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 7.—Hence,Se alicui, to give one's self up wholly, to devote, dedicate one's self to a person or thing, to serve:G.dedit se etiam regibus,
Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4; so Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 10; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 10; Poëta ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; Nep. Att. 9; Tac. A. 1, 31:mihi si large volantis ungula se det equi,
Stat. Silv, 2, 2, 38; 1, 1, 42; 5, 3, 71 al.; Aus. Mosel. 5, 448; cf. Ov. H. 16, 161:se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis,
Cic. Rep. 1, 111:se sermonibus vulgi,
id. ib. 6, 23:se jucunditati,
id. Off. 1, 34 al.:se populo ac coronae,
to present one's self, appear, id. Verr. 2, 3, 19; cf.:se convivio,
Suet. Caes. 31 et saep.:si se dant (judices) et sua sponte quo impellimus inclinant,
Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187.—Of discourse, to announce, tell, relate, communicate (like accipere, for to learn, to hear, v. accipio, II.; mostly ante-class. and poet.):H.erili filio hanc fabricam dabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 132:quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 10; cf. Verg. E. 1, 19:imo etiam dabo, quo magis credas,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 37:da mihi nunc, satisne probas?
Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 10:Thessalici da bella ducis,
Val. Fl. 5, 219:is datus erat locus colloquio,
appointed, Liv. 33, 13:fixa canens... Saepe dedit sedem notas mutantibus urbes,
i. e. foretold, promised, Luc. 5, 107.—In pass., poet. i. q.: narratur, dicitur, fertur, etc., is said:seu pius Aeneas eripuisse datur,
Ov. F. 6, 434; Stat. Th. 7, 315; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 337.—Fabulam, to exhibit, produce a play (said of the author; cf.:I.docere fabulam, agere fabulam),
Cic. Brut. 18 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 1 fin.; Ter. Eun. prol. 9; 23; id. Heaut. prol. 33; id. Hec. prol. 1 Don.;and transf.,
Cic. Clu. 31, 84; cf.also: dare foras librum = edere,
Cic. Att. 13, 22, 3.—Verba (alicui), to give [p. 605] empty words, i. e. to deceive, cheat, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 25; id. Ps. 4, 5, 7; id. Rud. 2, 2, 19; Ter. And. 1, 3, 6 Ruhnk.; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 24; Cic. Phil. 13, 16 fin.; id. Att. 15, 16 A.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 22; Pers. 4, 45; Mart. 2, 76 et saep.—K.Alicui aliquid (laudi, crimini, vitio, etc.), to impute, assign, ascribe, attribute a thing to any one, as a merit, a crime, a fault, etc.:L.nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso animum attendite,
Ter. And. prol. 8:hoc vitio datur,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 64:inopiā criminum summam laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 21, 71; 2, 17, 58; id. Div. in Caecil. 10; id. Brut. 80, 277 et saep.—Alicui cenam, epulas, etc., to give one a dinner, entertain at table (freq.):M.qui cenam parasitis dabit,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 8; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 45; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2; id. Mur. 36, 75:prandium dare,
id. ib. 32, 67; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; Tac. A. 2, 57 al.—To grant, allow, in gen. (rare, but freq. as impers.; v. B. 2. supra):2.dari sibi diem postulabat,
a respite, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 32.- do, -dāre ( obsol., found only in the compounds, abdo, condo, abscondo, indo, etc.), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. root dhā-, da-dhāmi, set, put, place; Gr. the-, tithêmi; Ger. thun, thue, that; Eng. do, deed, etc.]. This root is distinct from 1. do, Sanscr. dā, in most of the Arian langg.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 484; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 410;3.but in Italy the two seem to have been confounded, at least in compounds,
Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 254 sq.; cf. Max Müller, Science of Lang. Ser. 2, p. 220, N. Y. ed.; Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 100.do, acc. of domus, v. domus init. -
2 Gratia
grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].I.(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):B.pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,
Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,
id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:aliquem restituere in gratiam,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,
id. Att. 1, 3, 3:in gratiam reducere,
id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:alicujus gratiam sequi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,
id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:ab aliquo inire gratiam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,
id. Att. 7, 9, 3:magnam inire gratiam,
id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,
Liv. 33, 46, 7:apud regem gratiam initam volebant,
id. 36, 5, 3:at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!
Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),
Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,
id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,
Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,
with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,
credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:gratiā plurimum posse,
id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,
id. ib. 7, 63, 1:gratiā valere,
id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,
Juv. 13, 4:quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,
Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,
tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,
id. ib. 11, 24:non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;2.esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,
Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:corporis,
id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,
Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,
charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),
Quint. 10, 1, 96:sermonis Attici,
id. ib. 65;12, 10, 35: dicendi,
id. 9, 3, 74:brevitatis novitatisque,
id. ib. 58:omnis bene scriptorum,
id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,
Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.II. A.In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):B.ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:hanc gratiam ut sibi des,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,
excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:alicui delicti gratiam facere,
to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,
id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,
id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,
to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,
id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:in gratiam alicujus,
id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,
for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,
Juv. 8, 64.—In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):A.quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,
Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,
id. ib. 2, 53, 161:immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,
id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,
Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,
id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,
id. Fam. 1, 10:justissimas gratias agere,
id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,
id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,
to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,
id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,
id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,
id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,
if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:gratias habere,
Liv. 24, 37, 7:alicui summas gratias habere,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,
Vitr. 6 praef. 4:merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,
id. Planc. 33, 80:pro beneficio gratiam repetere,
Liv. 1, 47, 7:gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,
Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,
Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,
Sen. Ep. 81 med.;rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),
to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,
I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,
thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).(α).With gen.:(β).sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,
lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:honoris gratia nomino,
Cic. Quint. 7, 28:nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,
Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,
Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:hereditatis gratia,
id. 5, 12, 5:quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,
Sall. C. 23, 1:profectus gratia dicere,
Quint. 2, 10, 9:brevitatis gratia,
id. 4, 2, 43:decoris gratia,
id. 8, 6, 65:difficultatis gratia,
id. 9, 2, 77:aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,
id. 9, 2, 8:praesentis gratia litis,
id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:tentandi gratia,
Sall. J. 47, 2:hiemandi gratia,
id. ib. 61, 3:colloquendi gratia,
id. ib. 61, 4:placandi gratia,
id. ib. 71, 5:simulandi gratia,
id. ib. 37, 4:sui exposcendi gratia,
Nep. Hann. 7, 6:amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,
Quint. 9, 3, 28:elevandae invidiae gratia,
id. 5, 13, 40:recuperandae dignitatis gratia,
id. 11, 1, 79:vitandae similitudinis gratia,
id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,exempli gratia,
Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,
Quint. 6, 5, 6:eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,
Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,
for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:gratiā decoris,
Quint. 8 praef. §18: compositionis,
id. 9, 4, 58:lenitatis,
id. 9, 4, 144:significationis,
id. 8, 6, 2.—With pron. (mostly ante-class.):B.meā gratiā,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:abire istac gratia,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,eā gratiā,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,
Sall. J. 54, 4:id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 80, 4.—grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,
id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,
into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,
Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),
Mart. 14, 175, 2:id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:gratis rei publicae servire,
id. Clu. 26, 71:tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,
Mart. 5, 16, 10:virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,
Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §48: habitent gratis in alieno?
id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,habitare in aedibus alienis,
Dig. 39, 5, 9:habitationem cui dare,
free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11. -
3 gratia
grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].I.(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):B.pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,
Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,
id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:aliquem restituere in gratiam,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,
id. Att. 1, 3, 3:in gratiam reducere,
id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:alicujus gratiam sequi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,
id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:ab aliquo inire gratiam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,
id. Att. 7, 9, 3:magnam inire gratiam,
id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,
Liv. 33, 46, 7:apud regem gratiam initam volebant,
id. 36, 5, 3:at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!
Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),
Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,
id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,
Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,
with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,
credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:gratiā plurimum posse,
id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,
id. ib. 7, 63, 1:gratiā valere,
id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,
Juv. 13, 4:quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,
Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,
tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,
id. ib. 11, 24:non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;2.esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,
Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:corporis,
id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,
Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,
charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),
Quint. 10, 1, 96:sermonis Attici,
id. ib. 65;12, 10, 35: dicendi,
id. 9, 3, 74:brevitatis novitatisque,
id. ib. 58:omnis bene scriptorum,
id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,
Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.II. A.In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):B.ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:hanc gratiam ut sibi des,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,
excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:alicui delicti gratiam facere,
to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,
id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,
id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,
to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,
id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:in gratiam alicujus,
id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,
for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,
Juv. 8, 64.—In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):A.quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,
Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,
id. ib. 2, 53, 161:immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,
id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,
Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,
id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,
id. Fam. 1, 10:justissimas gratias agere,
id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,
id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,
to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,
id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,
id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,
id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,
if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:gratias habere,
Liv. 24, 37, 7:alicui summas gratias habere,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,
Vitr. 6 praef. 4:merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,
id. Planc. 33, 80:pro beneficio gratiam repetere,
Liv. 1, 47, 7:gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,
Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,
Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,
Sen. Ep. 81 med.;rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),
to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,
I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,
thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).(α).With gen.:(β).sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,
lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:honoris gratia nomino,
Cic. Quint. 7, 28:nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,
Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,
Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:hereditatis gratia,
id. 5, 12, 5:quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,
Sall. C. 23, 1:profectus gratia dicere,
Quint. 2, 10, 9:brevitatis gratia,
id. 4, 2, 43:decoris gratia,
id. 8, 6, 65:difficultatis gratia,
id. 9, 2, 77:aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,
id. 9, 2, 8:praesentis gratia litis,
id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:tentandi gratia,
Sall. J. 47, 2:hiemandi gratia,
id. ib. 61, 3:colloquendi gratia,
id. ib. 61, 4:placandi gratia,
id. ib. 71, 5:simulandi gratia,
id. ib. 37, 4:sui exposcendi gratia,
Nep. Hann. 7, 6:amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,
Quint. 9, 3, 28:elevandae invidiae gratia,
id. 5, 13, 40:recuperandae dignitatis gratia,
id. 11, 1, 79:vitandae similitudinis gratia,
id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,exempli gratia,
Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,
Quint. 6, 5, 6:eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,
Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,
for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:gratiā decoris,
Quint. 8 praef. §18: compositionis,
id. 9, 4, 58:lenitatis,
id. 9, 4, 144:significationis,
id. 8, 6, 2.—With pron. (mostly ante-class.):B.meā gratiā,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:abire istac gratia,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,eā gratiā,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,
Sall. J. 54, 4:id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 80, 4.—grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,
id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,
into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,
Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),
Mart. 14, 175, 2:id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:gratis rei publicae servire,
id. Clu. 26, 71:tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,
Mart. 5, 16, 10:virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,
Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §48: habitent gratis in alieno?
id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,habitare in aedibus alienis,
Dig. 39, 5, 9:habitationem cui dare,
free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11. -
4 do
1.do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre (also in a longer form, dănunt = dant, Pac., Naev., and Caecil. ap. Non. 97, 14 sq.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 48; id. Ps. 3, 1, 1 et saep.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 12 Müll.— Subj.:I.duim = dem,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 38:duis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 81; id. Men. 2, 1, 42:duas = des,
id. Merc. 2, 3, 67; id. Rud. 5, 3, 12; an old formula in Liv. 10, 19:duit,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 54; id. Aul. 1, 1, 23; an old formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:duint,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 126; id. Ps. 4, 1, 25; id. Trin. 2, 4, 35; Ter. And. 4, 1, 43; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 34 al.— Imper.: DVITOR, XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 21, 3, 5 ex conject.—Inf.: DASI = dari, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 13 Müll.:dane = dasne,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22.—The pres. pass., first pers., dor, does not occur), v. a. [Sanscr. dā, da-dā-mi, give; Gr. di-dô-mi, dôtêr, dosis; cf.: dos, donum, damnum], to give; and hence, with the greatest variety of application, passing over into the senses of its compounds, derivatives, and synonyms (edere, tradere, dedere; reddere, donare, largiri, concedere, exhibere, porrigere, praestare, impertire, suppeditare, ministrare, subministrare, praebere, tribuere, offerre, etc.), as, to give away, grant, concede, allow, permit; give up, yield, resign; bestow, present, confer, furnish, afford; offer, etc. (very freq.).In gen.:(β).eam carnem victoribus danunt, Naev. ap. Non. l. l.: ea dona, quae illic Amphitruoni sunt data,
Plaut. Am. prol. 138; cf.:patera, quae dono mi illic data'st,
id. ib. 1, 3, 36:dandis recipiendisque meritis,
Cic. Lael. 8; cf.:ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum,
id. ib. 16, 58: ut obsides accipere non dare consuerint, Caes. B. G. 1, 4 fin.:obsides,
id. ib. 1, 19, 1;1, 31, 7 et saep.: patriam (sc. mundum) dii nobis communem secum dederunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:hominibus animus datus est ex illis sempiternis ignibus,
id. ib. 6, 15; cf. ib. 6, 17:ea dant magistratus magis, quae etiamsi nolint, danda sint,
id. ib. 1, 31; cf.imperia,
id. ib. 1, 44:centuria, ad summum usum urbis fabris tignariis data,
id. ib. 2, 22:Lycurgus agros locupletium plebi, ut servitio, colendos dedit,
id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:ei filiam suam in matrimonium dat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 5:litteras ad te numquam habui cui darem, quin dederim,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19: litteras (ad aliquem), to write to one, saep.; cf. id. Att. 5, 11;and in the same signif.: aliquid ad aliquem,
id. ib. 10, 8 fin.:litteras alicui, said of the writer,
to give one a letter to deliver, id. ib. 5, 15 fin.;of the bearer, rarely,
to deliver a letter to one, id. ib. 5, 4 init.: colloquium dare, to join in a conference, converse ( poet.), Lucr. 4, 598 (Lachm.;al. videmus): colloquiumque sua fretus ab urbe dedit,
parley, challenge, Prop. 5, 10, 32:dare poenas,
to give satisfaction, to suffer punishment, Sall. C. 18:alicui poenas dare,
to make atonement to any one; to suffer for any thing, Ov. M. 6, 544; Sall. C. 51, 31;v. poena: decus sibi datum esse justitia regis existimabant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 41:quoniam me quodammodo invitas et tui spem das,
id. ib. 1, 10:dabant hae feriae tibi opportunam sane facultatem ad explicandas tuas litteras,
id. ib. 1, 9; cf.:ansas alicui ad reprehendendum,
id. Lael. 16, 59:multas causas suspicionum offensionumque,
id. ib. 24:facultatem per provinciam itineris faciundi,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7, 5;for which: iter alicui per provinciam,
id. ib. 1, 8, 3; Liv. 8, 5; 21, 20 al.:modicam libertatem populo,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:consilium,
id. Lael. 13:praecepta,
id. ib. 4 fin.:tempus alicui, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 3:inter se fidem et jusjurandum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:operam,
to bestow labor and pains on any thing, Cic. de Or. 1, 55:operam virtuti,
id. Lael. 22, 84;also: operam, ne,
id. ib. 21, 78:veniam amicitiae,
id. ib. 17:vela (ventis),
to set sail, id. de Or. 2, 44, 187:dextra vela dare,
to steer towards the right, Ov. 3, 640:me librum L. Cossinio ad te perferendum dedisse,
Cic. Att. 2, 1:sin homo amens diripiendam urbem daturus est,
id. Fam. 14, 14 et saep.: ita dat se res, so it is circumstanced, so it is, Poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 26; cf.:prout tempus ac res se daret,
Liv. 28, 5 et saep.— Impers.: sic datur, so it goes, such is fate, i. e. you have your reward, Plaut. Truc. 4, 8, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 22; id. Men. 4, 2, 40; 64; id. Stich. 5, 6, 5.— Part. perf. sometimes (mostly in poets) subst.: dăta, ōrum, n., gifts, presents, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 72; Prop. 3, 15, 6 (4, 14, 6 M.); Ov. M. 6, 363 (but not in Cic. Clu. 24, 66, where dona data belong together, as in the archaic formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:DATVM DONVM DVIT, P. R. Q.).— Prov.: dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus,
Mart. 5, 81, 2; cf.:dat census honores,
Ov. F. 1, 217.—Poet. with inf.:(γ).da mihi frui perpetuā virginitate,
allow me, Ov. M. 1, 486; id. ib. 8, 350:di tibi dent captā classem reducere Trojā,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 191; so id. ib. 1, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 16, 61; id. A. P. 323 et saep.—With ne:II.da, femina ne sim,
Ov. M. 12, 202.In partic.A.In milit. lang.1.Nomina, to enroll one's self for military service, to enlist, Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 13; Liv. 2, 24; 5, 10; cf.2.transf. beyond the military sphere,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Manus (lit., as a prisoner of war, to stretch forth the hands to be fettered; cf. Cic. Lael. 26, 99;3.hence),
to yield, surrender, Nep. Ham. 1, 4;and more freq. transf. beyond the milit. sphere,
to yield, acquiesce, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72; Cic. Lael. 26, 99; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 3; Ov. H. 4, 14; id. F. 3, 688; Verg. A. 11, 568; Hor. Epod. 17, 1 al.—Terga, for the usual vertere terga; v. tergum.—B. 1.Esp. in jurid. lang.: DO, DICO, ADDICO, the words employed by the praetor in the execution of his office; viz. DO in the granting of judges, actions, exceptions, etc.; DICO in pronouncing sentence of judgment; ADDICO in adjudging the property in dispute to one or the other party; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 30 Müll.;2.hence called tria verba,
Ov. F. 1, 47.—Datur, it is permitted, allowed, granted; with subj. clause: quaesitis diu terris, ubi sistere detur, Ov. M. 1, 307:C.interim tamen recedere sensim datur,
Quint. 11, 3, 127:ex quo intellegi datur, etc.,
Lact. 5, 20, 11.—In philos. lang., to grant a proposition:D.in geometria prima si dederis, danda sunt omnia: dato hoc, dandum erit illud (followed by concede, etc.),
Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 83; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 25; id. Inv. 1, 31 fin. —Designating the limit, to put, place, carry somewhere; and with se, to betake one's self somewhere:E.tum genu ad terram dabo,
to throw, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17; cf.:aliquem ad terram,
Liv. 31, 37; Flor. 4, 2 fin.:me haec deambulatio ad languorem dedit!
has fatigued me, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 3:hanc mihi in manum dat,
id. And. 1, 5, 62:praecipitem me in pistrinum dabit,
id. ib. 1, 3, 9:hostes in fugam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 51 fin.:hostem in conspectum,
to bring to view, Liv. 3, 69 fin.:aliquem in vincula,
to cast into prison, Flor. 3, 10, 18; cf.:arma in profluentes,
id. 4, 12, 9:aliquem usque Sicanium fretum,
Val. Fl. 2, 28:aliquem leto,
to put to death, to kill, Phaedr. 1, 22, 9:se in viam,
to set out on a journey, Cic. Fam. 14, 12:sese in fugam,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 43 fin.; cf.:se fugae,
id. Att. 7, 23, 2:Socrates, quam se cumque in partem dedisset, omnium fuit facile princeps,
id. de Or. 3, 16, 60 et saep.—Designating the effect, to cause, make, bring about, inflict, impose:F.qui dederit damnum aut malum,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 116:nec consulto alteri damnum dari sine dolo malo potest,
Cic. Tull. 14, 34; 16, 39; cf.:malum dare,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:hoc quī occultari facilius credas dabo,
Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 29:inania duro vulnera dat ferro,
Ov. M. 3, 84:morsus,
Prop. 5, 5, 39; cf.:motus dare,
to impart motion, Lucr. 1, 819 al. (but motus dare, to make motion, to move, be moved, id. 2, 311):stragem,
id. 1, 288:equitum ruinas,
to overthrow, id. 5, 1329.—With part. fut. pass.:pectora tristitiae dissolvenda dedit,
caused to be delivered from sadness, Tib. 1, 7, 40.—Prov.: dant animos vina,
Ov. M. 12, 242. —Aliquid alicui, to do any thing for the sake of another; to please or humor another; to give up, sacrifice any thing to another (for the more usual condonare): da hoc illi mortuae, da ceteris amicis ac familiaribus, da patriae, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5 fin.: aliquid auribus alicujus, Trebon. ib. 12, 16:b.Caere hospitio Vestalium cultisque diis,
Liv. 7, 20:plus stomacho quam consilio,
Quint. 10, 1, 117 et saep.:ut concessisti illum senatui, sic da hunc populo,
i. e. forgive him, for the sake of the people, Cic. Lig. 12, 37:dabat et famae, ut, etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 7.—Hence,Se alicui, to give one's self up wholly, to devote, dedicate one's self to a person or thing, to serve:G.dedit se etiam regibus,
Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4; so Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 10; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 10; Poëta ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; Nep. Att. 9; Tac. A. 1, 31:mihi si large volantis ungula se det equi,
Stat. Silv, 2, 2, 38; 1, 1, 42; 5, 3, 71 al.; Aus. Mosel. 5, 448; cf. Ov. H. 16, 161:se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis,
Cic. Rep. 1, 111:se sermonibus vulgi,
id. ib. 6, 23:se jucunditati,
id. Off. 1, 34 al.:se populo ac coronae,
to present one's self, appear, id. Verr. 2, 3, 19; cf.:se convivio,
Suet. Caes. 31 et saep.:si se dant (judices) et sua sponte quo impellimus inclinant,
Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187.—Of discourse, to announce, tell, relate, communicate (like accipere, for to learn, to hear, v. accipio, II.; mostly ante-class. and poet.):H.erili filio hanc fabricam dabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 132:quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 10; cf. Verg. E. 1, 19:imo etiam dabo, quo magis credas,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 37:da mihi nunc, satisne probas?
Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 10:Thessalici da bella ducis,
Val. Fl. 5, 219:is datus erat locus colloquio,
appointed, Liv. 33, 13:fixa canens... Saepe dedit sedem notas mutantibus urbes,
i. e. foretold, promised, Luc. 5, 107.—In pass., poet. i. q.: narratur, dicitur, fertur, etc., is said:seu pius Aeneas eripuisse datur,
Ov. F. 6, 434; Stat. Th. 7, 315; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 337.—Fabulam, to exhibit, produce a play (said of the author; cf.:I.docere fabulam, agere fabulam),
Cic. Brut. 18 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 1 fin.; Ter. Eun. prol. 9; 23; id. Heaut. prol. 33; id. Hec. prol. 1 Don.;and transf.,
Cic. Clu. 31, 84; cf.also: dare foras librum = edere,
Cic. Att. 13, 22, 3.—Verba (alicui), to give [p. 605] empty words, i. e. to deceive, cheat, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 25; id. Ps. 4, 5, 7; id. Rud. 2, 2, 19; Ter. And. 1, 3, 6 Ruhnk.; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 24; Cic. Phil. 13, 16 fin.; id. Att. 15, 16 A.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 22; Pers. 4, 45; Mart. 2, 76 et saep.—K.Alicui aliquid (laudi, crimini, vitio, etc.), to impute, assign, ascribe, attribute a thing to any one, as a merit, a crime, a fault, etc.:L.nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso animum attendite,
Ter. And. prol. 8:hoc vitio datur,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 64:inopiā criminum summam laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 21, 71; 2, 17, 58; id. Div. in Caecil. 10; id. Brut. 80, 277 et saep.—Alicui cenam, epulas, etc., to give one a dinner, entertain at table (freq.):M.qui cenam parasitis dabit,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 8; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 45; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2; id. Mur. 36, 75:prandium dare,
id. ib. 32, 67; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; Tac. A. 2, 57 al.—To grant, allow, in gen. (rare, but freq. as impers.; v. B. 2. supra):2.dari sibi diem postulabat,
a respite, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 32.- do, -dāre ( obsol., found only in the compounds, abdo, condo, abscondo, indo, etc.), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. root dhā-, da-dhāmi, set, put, place; Gr. the-, tithêmi; Ger. thun, thue, that; Eng. do, deed, etc.]. This root is distinct from 1. do, Sanscr. dā, in most of the Arian langg.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 484; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 410;3.but in Italy the two seem to have been confounded, at least in compounds,
Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 254 sq.; cf. Max Müller, Science of Lang. Ser. 2, p. 220, N. Y. ed.; Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 100.do, acc. of domus, v. domus init. -
5 do [2]
2. do, dedī, datum, dare (altind. dádā-ti, er gibt, griech. δίδωμι), I) geben, reichen (Ggstz. accipere, annehmen, empfangen, reddere, zurück-, abgeben, remittere, zurück-, dagegenschicken, adimere, nehmen, ferre, davontragen, auferre, mit sich nehmen, entziehen, detrahere, entziehen, eripere, entreißen, poscere, fordern), I) alqd: A) eig.: I) die Hand od. mit der Hand geben, reichen, hergeben, herreichen, hingeben, hinreichen, darreichen, überreichen, schenken, dare (alci) manum, Ov. u. Quint.: dare dextram, Nep. (vgl. dextra unter dexter): alci primum digitum, Catull.: alci assem, Phaedr.: (alci) librum, Hor. u. Nep.: poculum veneni, Cic.: frumentum plebi, Vell.: alci triremem, Nep.: populo Romano hunc vestitum atque arma, Cic.: (alci) viaticum, Plaut. u. Plin. ep.: alci vinum, Verg. – m. Ang. von wo? u. dgl., ut quodcumque opus esset sciret unde daret et meminisset atque annotaret quid et quando et cui dedisset, Col. 12, 3, 4: pretium dedit. Cui dedit? per quem dedit? unde aut quantum dedit? Cic. Rosc. Am. 74: de pane tuo da esurienti et de vestimentis tuis nudis, Ambros. de Tob. 4. – m. Ang. auf welchem Wege? alci per fenestras gladium, Nep. Dion. 9, 6. – m. Ang. wofür? praemium pro pietate, Cic.: cum praemia mihi tanta pro hac industria sint data, Cic. – m. Ang. als was? durch Acc., dextram fidei suae pignus, Curt. 8, 12 (43), 10: pabula utilitatis eorum praemia (als B.) causā, Lucr. 5, 867: merces mihi gloria detur, Ov. fast. 3, 389: od. durch Partiz. Fut. Pass., alci librum ad alqm perferendum dare, Cic. ad Att. 2, 1, 1: saepe ferenda dedit blandis sua verba tabellis, gab zu bestellen, Ov. met. 14, 707. – m. Ang. zu welchem Zweck? fruges in (zur) segetem, Acc. tr. 672. Hyg. fab. 2. – quid do m. folg. ne u. Konj., was gäbe ich darum, daß usw., Sen. contr. 9 (3), 26. § 11 u. 12. Insbes.: a) Geschenke od. Mitgift od. als (zum) Geschenk od. zur Mitgift geben, bescheren, überreichen, schenken, dare donum, Ter. u. Cic.: alci dona, Plaut.: dona amicis ceterisque pro cuiusque merito, Curt.: (alci) munus, Verg. u.a.: dotes, Nep.: paulum des crebro, Nov. com. fr.: ut haberet quod statim daret, Nep.: si suum munus qui dedissent (die Geber) adimere vellent, Liv. – m. Ang. als was? alci canem munus (als G.), Ov.: alqd (alci) dotem (als M.), Komik. – mit Ang. zu welchem Zweck? maestas munus in (zu) exsequias, Tibull. 2, 4, 44. – m. Ang. wozu? durch Dat., alci alqd dono, Ter. u. Nep.: muneri alqd, Nep. u. Quint.: doti alci alqd, Nep. – quod praesens tamquam in manus datur iucundius est, Geschenke, die uns gleichsam bar in die Hand gedrückt werden, Cic. de off. 2, 60. – absol., illos qui dant, eos derides, Plaut.: prior ad dandum qui est, Ter. – Partiz. subst., α) dāns, antis, m., der Geber, Hor. ep. 2, 1, 246. – β) datum, ī, n., die Gabe, das Geschenk, Sing. bei Augustin. solil. 18, 5 (Liv. 22, 10, 3 Glossem); Plur. bei Plaut. asin. 166 u. Pseud. 306. Ov. met. 6, 463. Prop. 3, 15, 6.
b) den Göttern, Manen od. übh. jmdm. ein Weihgeschenk, Opfer u. dgl. geben, bringen, darbringen, weihen, opfern, α) den Göttern, munera, Ov.: Apollini donum, Nep.: Apollini signa inaurata, Liv.: alci templum, Ov.: alci victimam, porcam, Ov.: alci piaculum porco, Macr.: sacra piaculaque apud lucum Dianae per pontifices, Tac.: more Romano suovetaurilia, Tac.: exta deo, Ov.: exta perperam, Liv.: tus, Ov.: tura, Tibull.: divis tura benignis, Hor.: tura focis vinumque, Ov.: Oceano libamenta, Iustin. – β) den Manen u. Toten, inferias manibus, Ov. u. Suet. (vgl. inferiae): germanae iusta ante suae, Ov. – γ) jmdm.: alci lacrimam od. lacrimas, Ov.: o quantum patriae sanguinis ille dedit! Ov.
c) Briefe usw. jmdm. geben, u. zwar; α) jmdm. (zur Bestellung) geben, einhändigen, mitgeben, litteras od. epistulam alci, Cic.: alci litteras ad alqm, Cic.: datis iam epistulis diem commutare, Cic.: erit cotidie cui des, du wirst ja täglich Gelegenheit finden, Cic. – β) jmdm. geben = an jmd. abgeben, jmdm. einhändigen, alci litteras, Cic.: epistulam accubanti in convivio, Nep. – γ) (v. Briefschreiber) an jmd. geben, senden, absenden, tres epistulae eodem abs te datae tempore, Cic.: litteras ex Trebulano a Pontio, Cic.: litteras Trallibus (zu T., von T. aus), Cic.: ut quo dem (wir: wohin ich adressiere) posthac litteras sciam, Cic.: litteras publicas sine subscriptione ad alqm dare, Suet.: ante lucem V III. Kal. litteras ad alqm, Cic.: discedens dabo ad te aliquid, Cic.: data pridie Kal. Decembr., Cic.: datum VI. Id. Ian., Cic.
d) Geld usw. (u. übtr. Strafe) geben, beitragen, zahlen, bezahlen, auszahlen, entrichten, für jmd. od. etw. ausgeben, α) eig.: symbolam, Ter.: aes u. aera, Hor. u. Ov.: pecuniam, Cic.: decies centena huic parco, Hor.: quantum quisque daret, Nep.: huic aliquid paulum prae manu, Ter.: dic, quid vis dari tibi in manum? Ter. – mit Ang. als was? alci magnam pecuniam mutuam, Cic. ad Att. 11, 3, 3: huic salarium (als B.) de nostro privato aerario annuos frumenti modios tria milia, Treb. Poll. Claud. 14, 3. – m. Ang. woher? pecuniam a se, Plaut, trin. 182 (vgl. im folg. aus Monum. Anc.): omnia ex sua re familiari, Nep. Att. 7, 1. – m. Ang. wofür? pecuniam pro praediis a se, Monum. Anc. col. I, 1, 19. p. LXVIII ed. Momms.: quantum pro Caesaris ipse avolsa cervice daret, Lucan. 8, 11: cogitans et in pontibus pro transitu dari, Passierzoll gegeben werde, Sen. de const. sap. 14, 2. – m. Ang. wozu? durch Dat., dare milia terna macello, Hor. sat. 2, 4, 76. – Partiz. subst, data, ōrum, n., die Ausgaben (Ggstz. accepta, die Einnahmen), ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. de amic. 58. – β) übtr., Strafe usw. geben, dare poenas, Str. leiden, bestraft werden (Ggstz. poenas accipere, büßen lassen, bestrafen), Cic. u.a. (s. poenadas Nähere): d. damnum, s. damnum: pretium pro noxa, Liv. Andr. fr.: Novio Prisco et Glitio Gallo data exsilia, traf das Los der v., Tac.: daturos quod Lars Tolumnius dedisset responderi iussit. Liv.
e) einen Stoff spenden, liefern, volucres mella daturae, Ov. fast. 5, 271: nec scombris tunicas (Hüllen zum Einpacken) dabis molestas, Mart. 4, 86, 8: u. so et laxas scombris saepe dabunt (Volusi annales) tunicas, Catull. 95, 8: im Bilde, materiam dare invidiae, Cic. Phil. 11, 21: materiam omnem sermonem eorum, qui de te detrahere vellent, Statium dedisse, Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 2. 3.
f) als publiz. t.t., dem Richter die Stimmtäfelchen einhändigen, an die Richter austeilen, tabellam dare de alqo, Cic.: alci dare in iudicando litteram salutarem od. tristem (ein Stimmtäfelchen mit A = absolvo, od. mit C = condemno), Cic.: tabellae ministrabantur ita, ut nulla daretur UTI ROGAS, Cic.
g) als t.t. des Brettspiels, dare calculum, einen Stein ziehen (Ggstz. reducere, zurückziehen), Cic. Hortens. fr. 60 M. Quint. 11, 2, 88.
h) eine Klageschrift abgeben, einreichen, dare libellum, s. libellus.
i) (v. Reiter, Wagenlenker) die Zügel schießen lassen (Ggstz. premere), dare lora, Verg.: frena, Ov.: laxas habenas, die Z. verhängen, Verg.
k) Speisen auf die Tafel geben, setzen, aufsetzen, austragen lassen, vorsetzen, partem ceteram (carnium) mensis, Ov.: alci turdum, Hor.: semesi lardi frusta, Hor.: absol., quid dem? quid non dem? renuis tu, quod iubet aster, Hor.: ›sume, catelle‹, negat; si non des, optat, Hor.
l) Nahrung usw. od. zur Nahrung usw. reichen, α) übh., alimenta lactis puero, Ov.: u. (übtr.) ali menta igni, Curt.: de mensa sua ossa, Phaedr. – m. Ang. wozu? durch Dat., alqd esui dare, Plin.: potioni dare aquam, Cels. – m. Infin., dare bibere, Plaut. u. Cato: bibere da usque plenis cantharis, Plaut. – β) Arznei usw. reichen, geben, eingeben, beibringen, pueris absinthia taetra, Lucr.: abrotonum aegro, Hor.: aliquid potionis, Plaut.: alci potionem, Cels. u. Quint., potiones, Scrib.: alci medicamentum, Cels. u.a.: patri soporem, Nep.: alci venenum, Curt. u.a. (vgl. venenum).
m) eine Mahlzeit, Festlichkeit geben, anstellen, veranstalten, alci cenam, Komik., Cic. u.a.: alci epulum, Cic. u.a. (dah. dans epulum, der Gastgeber, Sen.): alci epulas, Tac.: (alci) prandium, Cic. u.a.: nataliciam in hortis, Cic.: exsequias, Ov.: ludos, Suet.: munus (gladiatorium), s. mūnus: fabulam, zur Aufführung bringen, Ter. u. Cic.: so auch Menandri Phasma, Ter.
n) einen Schlag geben, Wunden beibringen (Ggstz. accipere, ferre), dare alci alapam, Vulg., colaphum, Spart.: (alci) vulnus, vulnera, Ov. u.a. (vgl. vulnus).
o) etw. einer Sache übergeben, überlassen, preisgeben, corpus quieti, Acc. fr.: ventis colla comasque, Verg.: undis latus (v. Schiffe), Verg.: boum caesorum membra palato, Ov.: telo pectus inermum, Verg. – bes. vela dare ventis, die Segel den Winden überlassen, preisgeben, Verg. u.a.: ebenso dare classem ventis, Pacat. pan. – u. vela od. lintea dare (die Segel richten) m. Advv. u. dgl., s. 1. vēlumu. linteum.
p) wohin geben, bringen, legen, tun, werfen, α) m. Advv., scripta foras, herausgeben, Cic. ep.: alqd praeceps (bildl. = in Gefahr bringen, famam), Tac.: retro capillos, Ov.: iugulum retro, Cels.: arida circum nutrimenta, Verg.: d. pessum, s. 1. pessum. – β) m. Dat., bald = auf etw. od. in etw. werfen, vagae arenae ossibus particulam, Hor.: ignibus ista, Prop. – bald = in etw. legen, corpus tumulo, Ov.: urnae ossa, Pers. – bald = etw. an od. um etw. legen, einer Sache anlegen, brachia collo, Verg.: brachia nitidis virginibus, Hor.: alci rei frenos (bildl.), Liv. 34, 2, 13: posti florida serta, Tibull.: septena fila lyrae, Ov.: picta carinae vela (poet. = die Segel aufhissen), Ov. – γ) m. Praepp.: αα) m. in od. m. circum od. m. super u. Akk., funera in altos rogos, Ov.: in fluvios gelidos ardentia morbo membra, tauchen, Lucr.: pleraque secum in profundum, stürzen lassen, Curt.: in aurem castoreum cum aceto, Cels.: id in suam sedem, in seine gehörige Lage, Cels.: Tyrias circum illota toralia vestes, breiten um usw., Hor.: alteram fasciam ab altera parte super caput, führen, Cels.: u. so a (von) sinistro (iugulo) ad (bis zu) dextram alam rursusque sub ala sana (unter der gef. A. durch) fasciam d., Cels. – ββ) m. ad u. Akk., ad intortos brachia funes, ausstrecken nach usw., Ov. met. 3, 679.
q) m. prädik. Acc. des Adi. = etw. so u. so geben, stellen, saepe dabis nudum latus, Tibull. 1, 4, 52.
2) ein Zeichen (Kennzeichen, Merkmal) mit der Hand, mit einem Blasinstr. od. sonstwie geben, s. sīgnum, indicium, nota.
3) die Kehle, den Nacken, den Rücken geben, hinreichen, reichen, hinhalten, iugulum (alci), Cic.: alci cervices, Cic.: cervicem ad ictum alcis, Vell.: cervices crudelitati nefariae, bildl. = sich fügen od. schmiegen unter usw., Cic.: terga verberibus, Pacat. pan. 30, 5. – insbes., als milit. t.t. u. übtr., terga dare, den Rücken wenden, fliehen, s. tergum.
4) den Mund, einen Kuß geben, dare (alci) oscula, Ov. (vgl. osculum): alci basium, Petron., basia mille, Catull.: alci savium, Komik, u. Cic.
B) übtr.: 1) geben, gewähren, verleihen, bestimmen, erweisen, a) übh.: α) im guten Sinne: da, nate, petenti, quod etc., Verg.: quod petis a nobis, obrutus ille dabit, Ov.: dare alci somnum (v. der Arbeit), Ov.: (alci) quietem, Cic. u. Curt.: requiem terrae, Ov.: tres horas exercitui ad quietem, Caes.: alci vitam, Cic.: his lacrimis vitam, schenken, Verg.: dare beneficia (Ggstz. reddere od. accipere), Cic. u. Sall.: merita (Ggstz. accipere), Cic.: alci civitatem (das Bürgerrecht), Vell.: nomen alci, Hor., alci rei, Liv. (vgl. nomen): alci cognomen pingui, Hor.: alci od. facto impunitatem, Iustin.: servis libertatem, Iustin.: honores, Hor.: alci caelestes honores, Curt.: alci od. huic consilio palmam, Cic. u. Ter.: alci pro tantis meritis honoris coronam, Nep.: alci caelum, Ov. u. Curt., aditum ad caelum, Cic.: alci victoriam, s. victōria: hanc gratiam, Ter.: alci multa solacia, Cic.: alci laetitiam, Cic.: soli et lunae divinitatem, Cic.: precibus eventum vestris, Liv.: mobilibus decorem naturis, Hor.: famam rebus, Pacat. pan.: novum his erroribus orbem, Tibull.: alci veniam, s. venia. – datum hoc nostro generi est, ut etc., es ist Bestimmung unseres G., daß usw., Liv. 10, 28, 13. – m. folg. Infin., est cui cognomen corvus habere dedit, Prop. 3, 11, 64: mihi multa vetustas scire dedit, Ov. met. 14, 696: u. so auch Lucan. 6, 775. Pers. 5, 104. – Partiz. subst., dāns, antis, m., der Geber (Ggstz. accipiens, der Empfänger), si summa petantur, et dantem et accipientem praegravatura, Liv. 35, 42, 14. – β) im üblen Sinne, jmdm. etw. bescheren, einbrocken, heimgeben (s. Brix Plaut, capt. 463. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 151. p. 94, b. Spengel Plaut. truc. 2, 8, 4), observa quid dabo, Plaut.: specta quid dedero, Plaut.: sic datur, da hast du deinen Lohn! Plaut.; od. so wird's gelohnt! da haben wir's! Plaut.
b) insbes.: α) v. den Göttern: quod boni di mihi danunt, Plaut.: dato quae precamur tempore sacro, Hor.: si di dare cuncta potestis, Ov.: hoc tantum boni, quod vobis a dis immortalibus oblatum et datum est, Cic.: d. alci augurium, Ov.: nobis victoriam, Liv.: alci mentem, ut faciat huic insidias, Cic. – m. folg. Infin., di tibi dent captā classem reducere (al. deducere) Troiā, Hor. sat. 2, 3, 191: u. so Lucr. 3, 1028. Verg. Aen. 1, 79 u.ö. Ov. met. 1, 486 u.ö. Plin. ep. 6, 16, 3. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., quod nostrae aetati dii dederunt, ut videremus, Liv. 1, 19, 3: u. so Liv. 1, 54, 5; 30, 12, 12. – m. folg. ne u. Konj., da femina ne sim, Ov. met. 12, 202: u. so ibid. 12, 206.
β) v. Schicksal usw., Cinarae breves annos fata dederunt, Hor.: ea fato quodam data nobis sors est, ut etc., Liv.: principatum fato dari, Suet.: quotiens fortuna contra daret, Tac. – m. folg. Infin., si vivere nobis fata diu dederint, Ov. met. 7, 692: u. so ibid. 14, 843. Sil. 13, 144: v. der Parze, Hor. carm. 2, 16, 39. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., quod mihi si tantum fata dedissent, ut etc., Prop. 2, 1, 17: u. so Plin. ep. 8, 18, 5. – absol., si fors dedit, Calp.: sat patriae Priamoque datum est, ist geschehen für usw., Verg.
γ) v. der Natur, verleihen, oculos natura nobis ad motus animorum declarandos dedit, Cic.: illis maiorem natura modum dedit, his breve pondus, Hor.: leges, quae naturā sunt omnibus datae, Quint.: noli affectare quod tibi non est datum, Phaedr.: quod paucis datum est, Plin.: pennis non homini datis, Hor. – m. folg. Infin., varieque datum sit membra movere, Lucr. 4, 875: si modo senescere datum est, Plin. ep. 3, 1, 1; vgl. Hor. ep. 1, 1, 32.
2) ein Geschäft, einen Auftrag, ein Amt usw. jmdm. geben, übergeben, zuteilen, erteilen, übertragen, überweisen, a) ein Geschäft, einen Auftrag, dare alci negotium, s. negōtium; alci mandata, s. mandātum. – u. bl. dare alci m. folg. Infin., datum (es wurde der Auftrag gegeben) posthac C. Cassio deducere iuvenem ripam ad Euphratis, Tac. ann. 12, 11. – b) ein Amt usw., dare alci potestatem, imperium, legationem u. dgl., s. potestāsusw.: dare alci fasces, Cic. u. Hor.: alci summam imperii, Nep.: alci provinciam, Cic.: alci Cappadociam, Nep.: alci regnum, Eutr.: alci diadema, Curt.
3) einen Ort, eine Zeit usw. jmdm. anweisen, zuweisen, bestimmen, alci sedem inter inferos, Suet.: alci locum in theatro, Suet.: alci locum in theatro inter viatores tribunicios, Tac.: eum locum colloquio, Liv.: media acies Ubiis Lingonibusque data, Tac.: mille pedes in fronte, trecentos in agrum, Hor.: requiem modumque voce remis, gebieten, Ov.: detur nobis locus, hora, custodes, Hor.: nuptiis hanc diem, Pacuv. fr.: relicum noctis utrimque quieti datum, Liv.
4) etw. bieten, α) darbieten, praeclare convenit, aut da melius, Cic.: accipio quod datur, Cic. – β) anheimgeben, ultionem privato odio magis quam publicae vindictae, Vell. 2, 7, 6.
5) Zeit, Studium usw. einer Sache widmen, auf etw. verwenden, α) m. Dat.: corpori omne tempus, Cic.: agris tempus, Pacat. pan.: lucis partem ultimam mensae, Ov.: noctem somno, Ov.: prima tempora illis, Ov.: aestivos menses reliquos rei militari, hibernos iurisdictioni, Cic.: reliquam partem diei tribunali, Plin. ep.: studiis annos septem. Hor.: iis artibus a primis temporibus aetatis studium suum, Cic.: ingenium illustre altioribus studiis, Tac.: u. insbes., operam dare m. Dat. (wem?), s. opera. – β) m. ad od. in u. Akk., aliquid temporis ad ludum aetatis, Cic.: plus in hoc studii, Quint.
6) einräumen = zugeben, zugestehen, das Zugeständnis machen, willfahren, nachlassen, a) übh.: id gratiae, Liv.: id misericordiae, Cic.: id precibus Artabani, Tac.: hoc precibus meis, Curt.: consanguinitati hoc, ut etc., Liv.: aliquid famae, Hor.: multa famae, Sen.: quantum autem consuetudini famaeque dandum sit, id curent vivi, Cic.: nihil neque gratiae dari neque de iure patriae decīdi posse, Iustin.: m. folg. ut u. Konj., dabat et famae (auch der öffentlichen Meinung tat er es zuliebe), ut etc., Tac. ann. 1, 7. – b) als philos t.t., einräumen, zugeben, zugestehen, si das hoc, Hor.: da supremum tempus, nimm das äußerste Lebensziel an, Cic.: id quoque damus et libenter quidem, Cic.: quem tibi hoc daturum putas? Cic.: quae dederam supra relego (nehme ich zurück), Pers. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. Acad. 2, 50; de fin. 2, 86; Verr. 3, 218. Lucr. 3, 539. Hor. sat. 1, 4, 39. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., da nunc, ut crimine manifesto prematur dux bonus, Quint. 12, 1, 43. – c) als publiz. t.t., v. Behörden, bewilligen, zugestehen, überlassen, gewähren, anordnen, dare alci senatum, Sall. u.a.: alci contionem, Cic.: iudicium iniuriarum, actionem rei, Cic.: alci pacem, Liv. u.a.: foedus et amicitiam, Sall.: alci indutias, Liv. (s. indūtiaedas Nähere). – bes. v. Prätor, dessen Vefugnis ist do (ich gewähre, näml. Klagen, Rechte), dico (ich spreche, näml. das Urteil), addico (ich spreche zu, näml. das Eigentum), Varro LL. 6, 30. Macr. sat. 1, 16, 14. – d) obszön, leisten, quod nec das et fers saepe, facis facinus, Catull. 110, 4: quando notum est, et quid ille tibi et quid illi tute dederis, Cic. fr. bei Suet. Caes. 49, 3: absol., nulla est poscendi, nulla est reverentia dandi, Prop. 3, 13, 13.
7) einräumen = gestatten, zugestehen, bewilligen, überlassen, lassen, dare locum, spatium, viam, aditum, accessum, ascensum u. dgl., dare otium, tempus u. dgl., dare copiam, potestatem, facultatem, occasionem, optionem u. dgl., dare usum, usuram, s. alle diese Substst. – dah. dare m. Infin., da mihi fallere, Hor. ep. 1, 16, 61: u. so Iuven. 14, 30. Amm. 16, 12, 11. – dare (alci) m. ut u. Konj., Cic. Acad. 1, 24; ad Att. 14, 13. litt. A. § 3. Liv. 41, 8, 9. Tac. ann. 3, 69. – m. bl. Konj., Orest. tr. 15. – u. datur, es wird od. ist verstattet, erlaubt, man darf, man kann, m. Infin., Verg. Aen. 1, 409. (u.a. Dichter). Quint. 10, 7, 22. Plin. ep. 1, 10, 5. Tac. ann. 3, 67: m. folg. ut u. Konj., Tac. ann. 2, 53 u.a.: m. folg. ne u. Konj., Tac. ann. 3, 23. – absol., coëant in foedera dextrae, quā datur, Verg.: in quantum praeumbrante imperatoris fastigio datur, clarus, Tac. ann. 14, 47 in.
8) alci m. prädik. Dat. (zu), zu od. als etw. anrechnen, in den Redensarten laudi, vitio, crimini dare od. dari, s. 1. laus, vitium, crīmen.
9) einem Zustande aussetzen, preisgeben, überlassen, anheimgeben, dare alqd exitio, Lucr.: summas arces Italûm excidio, Verg.: urbem excidio ac ruinis, Liv.: captum oppidum praedae, Liv.: alia oblivioni aut neglegentiae, Liv. – m. in u. Akk., in praedas stantem urbem, Sil. 1, 455.
10) m. in od. ad u. Akk., a) in eine Lage usw. bringen, stellen, alqd in conspectum, zur Schau stellen, Curt.: alqd in medium, der Öffentlichkeit übergeben, verraten, Lucr.: alqd ad populi partes, der Teilnahme des V. eröffnen, Cic. – b) in einen Zustand versetzen, in splendorem bullas has foribus nostris, Plaut. asin. 426.
11) m. prädik. Partiz. Perf. od. Gerundivum, übergeben, darbieten, überlassen, lassen, Caere intactum inviolatumque crimine belli hospitio Vestalium cultisque diis darent, Liv. 7, 20, 7. – d. vineas colendas, Eutr.: diripiendam urbem, Cic.: laceranda suae viscera matri, Ov.: id alci cogitandum, zu bedenken geben, Cic.: tantas res alci scribendas, Cic.: librum ipsi legendum, Nep.: omnia in medium discenda, allen zum Lernen darbieten, Ov.
II) alqm (auch corpus, membra, animum): A) eig.: 1) im allg., geben, überweisen, hanc mi in manum dat, sie legt unsere Hände ineinander, Ter. Andr. 297: alqm dare mancipio, s. mancipium.
2) wohin bringen, infans aliorsum (anderswohin, aus dem Hause) datus, Gell. 12, 1, 22: alqm in hanc domum, Ter. eun. 365: hostem in medium, in die Mitte nehmen, einschließen, Lucan. 7, 366. – od. wohin stecken, m. Dat., catenis fatale monstrum, Hor. carm. 1, 37, 20: mollibus ora capistris, Verg. georg. 3, 188: m. in u. Akt., alqm in caveam, Plaut. capt. 124. – od. wo hinein tauchen, in fluvios gelidos ardentia morbo membra, Lucr. 6, 1171. – od. wohin strecken, stürzen, maerore dari in lectum, Lucr.: u. dare alqm ad terram, Plaut. u. Suet.: alqm in terram, Lucr.: alqm praecipitem ad terram, Liv.: u. bl. dare alqm praecipitem, zu Falle bringen, Ter., od. aus dem Hause werfen, Ter. (vgl. bildl., postea ambitione praeceps datus est, kam zu Falle, Sall. Iug. 63, 6): eoque ictu me ad casum dari, zum Falle gebracht werden, Acc. fr.
3) jmd. (einem) in irgend einer Eigenschaft geben, a) geben = beigeben, stellen, vatem, Hor.: duos collegas, Nep.: alci uxorem, s. uxor: comites, Curt.: duces itineris de captivis, Curt.: obsides (alci), Caes.: milites, Eutr.: nullum militem dare posse, Liv.: dare arbitrum, Cic.: iudicem, praedem, testem, vadem, s. iūdex, 1. praes, 1. tēstis, 1. vas: alci custodem et paedagogum, Sen.: alci tutorem, Eutr.: alci successorem, Suet.: alqm alci in consilium, Nep.: dabo, cui credas, Tac. – m. dopp. Acc. (jmd. als od. zu usw.), alqm comitem, Curt.: Phrygias catervas comites, Lucr.: alqm arbitrum inter etc., Cic.: libertinum militem, Vell.: obsidem filium, Eutr.: alqm alci coheredem, Suet.: alqm alci successorem, Suet. u. Iustin.: alqm vicarium, Traian. in Plin. ep. – im Passiv m. dopp. Nom., Hadrianus decemvir litibus iudicandis datus, Spart.: u. im Abl. absol. m. dopp. Abl., dato adiutore Pharnabazo, Nep. Con. 4, 2. – b) geben, verleihen, übergeben, anvertrauen, alci cognatos (v. der Natur), Hor.: natam od. filiam genero, Verg. u. Ov.: infantem nutrici, Ov.: alqm grammatico, Capit.: u. poet., fidibus divos puerosque deorum, Hor. – m. dopp. Acc. (jmd. als od. zu), alci alqm virum (zum M. = zum Gatten), Ter.: alqm alci socerum, Ov.: nobilem virginem servo suo pelicem, Curt. – m. 1. Supin., dare alqam alci nuptum, eine an jmd. verheiraten, Komik., Nep. u.a. (s. Drak. Liv. 1, 49, 9). – u. alqm alci m. Gerundiv, dilaceranda feris dabor alitibusque, Catull.: datur mihi custodiendus, Afran. fr.: exsulibusne datur ducenda (wird hingegeben, um sie als Frau heimzuführen) Teucris? Verg. – zugl. m. dopp. Acc., equites pignora (als U.) pacis custodiendos Luceriam, Liv. 9, 15, 7.
4) jmdm. geben = über jmd. setzen, an die Spitze stellen von usw., Albanis regem, Eutr.: Orienti Caesarem, Eutr.: principem Romanae rei publicae, Spart. – m. dopp. Acc. (jmd. als od. zu), alqm tribunum quintae legioni, Treb. Poll.: trecentos exsules iudices rectoresque civitati, Iustin.: im Passiv mit dopp. Nom., leviter armatis dux (als A.) datus est Mullinus, Curt. B) übtr.: 1) in ein Verhältnis, eine Lage geben, hingeben, illam sine dote in tantas divitias (in ein so reiches Haus), Plaut.: filiam in sortem, der Losung unterwerfen, zum Losen stellen, Suet.: alqm in adoptionem, zur A. entlassen, Quint.: in adoptionem od. in familiam alcis dari, von jmd. adoptiert werden, Vell.: alqm aut vivum aut mortuum in potestatem, Liv.: alqam in matrimonium, zur Frau geben od. geben wollen (anbieten), Caes. u. Liv.: alqm in omnem memoriam, dem ewigen G. übergeben, Sen.
2) jmd. in eine schlimme Lage bringen, alqm in praeceps (Gefahr), Liv.
3) jmd. in einen andern äußern od. innern Zustand versetzen (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 959), alqm in ruborem dare totum, Plaut.: alqm in timorem, Plaut.: animum in luctus, in Tr. versenken, Ov.: alqm ad languorem, Komik.
4) jmd. einem Zustande überlassen, placido sua corpora somno, Ov. met. 6, 489: caput et ceterum truncum sepulturae, begraben, Suet. Galb. 20, 2.
5) jmd. einem Zustande aussetzen, preisgeben, im Passiv = anheimfallen, alqm tormentis, Capit.: alqm exitio, Lucr. u. Ov.: alqm morti, Hor.: catervatim morbo mortique dari, Lucr.: alqm neci, Acc. fr. u. Verg.: alqm leto, Enn. fr., Pacuv. fr., Ov. u.a. ( leto datus auch Cic. de legg. 2, 22 im archaist. Gesetzstil): fortia corpora leto, Verg. – m. ad u. Akk., alqm ad iniurias alcis, Cic.
6) jmd. in einen Zustand nötigen, hostes in fugam, zur Fl. nötigen, in die Fl. schlagen, Caes.: Sestum incolentes in deditionem, zur Üb. zwingen, Liv.
III) dare se (u. im Passiv dari), v. Pers.u.v. Lebl., A) eig.: 1) sich in den Bereich jmds. od. einer Örtl. begeben, sich jmdm. od. wo zeigen, det mihi se, käme er nur in meinen Bereich, mir zu nahe, Ov. met. 12, 12, 594: mi ipsum iam dudum optabam te dari, daß ich dich antreffe, Ter. heaut. 758: dare populo se et coronae, Cic. Verr. 3, 49: da te urbi, da te curiae, zeige dich in der St., zeige dich in der K., Vopisc. Florian. 16 (6), 5: non aequo dare se campo, sich nicht in das Blachfeld wagen, sich nicht zum Kampfe stellen, Verg. Aen. 9, 56: spumantem dari votis optat aprum, in seinen Jagdbereich komme, anlaufe, Verg. Aen. 4, 158. – mit in u. Akk., se in medias acies, mitten hinein in das Heer treten, Verg. Aen. 12, 227. – m. prädik. Acc., da mihi te talem, zeige dich (erscheine mir) als solcher, Ov. met. 3, 295.
2) sich dem Feinde ergeben, dare se ultro, Amm. 15, 2, 60: sponte se propriā, Amm. 17, 2, 3.
3) sich wohin begeben, werfen, stürzen, m. Advv., se intro, Cic. Caecin. 13: se super (sc. in ignem), Verg. Aen. 4, 606: exinde se ilico protenam, Plaut. Curc. 363: dari alci obviam, begegnen, Ter. adelph. 311: v. Lebl., hāc se foras, Lucr. 1, 1105 (1113). – m. Dat., pedibus se protinam, sich auf die Beine machen (Fersengeld geben), Naev. com. 35. – sese fluvio, Verg. Aen. 11, 565: u. (im Bilde) se civilibus fluctibus, Nep. Att. 6, 1. – m. Praepp., sese in pedes, sich auf die Beine machen (Fersengeld geben), Plaut.: se in viam, Cic.: e scopulo se in pontum, Ov.: se iactu aequor in altum, Verg.: v. Lebl., dabit se in tormenta vita beata, wird mit auf die Folter gehen, Cic. Tusc. 5, 80. – zugl. m. prädik. Nom. od. Acc., praeceps saltu sese dedit in fluvium, Verg.: semet ipsi in pelagus ex certa rupe praecipites dant, Mela: quo nunc me praecipitem darem, Ter.: hic se praecipitem tecto dedit, Hor.: dare se (alci) obvium, jmdm. entgegenkommen, -treten, Liv. 1, 16, 6, u. in den Wurf kommen = einfallen (v. Versen), Macr. 5, 3, 1: u. so (v. leb. Wesen) obvium dari, entgegen-, in den Wurf kommen, Liv. 26, 27, 12.
4) sich einer Sache hingeben, α) tätig, v. Pers., an etw. teilnehmen, dare se convivio, Suet. Caes. 31: se haec in bella, Verg. Aen. 12, 633. – β) passiv, v. Schiffen, vento dare se, vor dem W. fahren, Caes. b.G. 3, 13, 9.
B) übtr.: dare se, 1) sich fügen, sich hingeben, da modo te, Ov. her. 15, 57 R. (16, 161): dent modo se superi, seien mir gnädig, Sil. 3, 150: si se dant, wenn sie sich fügen, d.i. empfänglich sind, Cic. de or. 2, 187.
2) sich zeigen, sich finden, sich darbieten, sich einstellen, v. Lebl., quocumque tempore se dabunt vires, Verg. Aen. 4, 627: an nesciebas, quam eius modi homini raro tempus se daret? sich die Gelegenheit uns bietet, Plaut. Bacch. 676: uni se ex Sabinis fors dare visa est privato consilio imperii recuperandi, Liv. 1, 45, 3.
3) sich jmdm. hingeben, ergeben, sich an jmd. anschließen, jmdm. zu Willen sein, sich in jmds. Willen fügen, se alci, Komik., Cic. u.a.: se regibus, Cic.: se legionibus, Tac. – m. prädik. Acc. des Gerundiv, demus nos huic excolendos (zur Ausbildung), Cic. Tusc. 4, 84. 4) sich einer Lage, einem Zustande hingeben, überlassen, dare se somno, Cic.: se quieti, Caes. u. Plin. ep.: iterum se quieti et somno, Val. Max. (dah. im Passiv quieti datus, eingeschlummert, Arnob. 2, 21): se fugae, sich auf die Fl. begeben, Cic.: se gemitui, Cic. – m. in u. Akk., sese in fugam, Fersengeld geben, Cic. Verr. 4, 95: se in casum irrevocabilem, Liv.: se rempublicamque in casus, Tac. – m. ad u. Akt., se ad lenitatem, Milde eintreten lassen, Cic. ep. 13, 1, 4.
5) sich in etw., bes. in ein Verhältnis einlassen, in etw. eintreten, treten, dare se in sermonem, Comic. fr. bei Cic.: familiariter se in eorum sermonem insinuare ac dare, Cic.: dare se in consuetudinem sic, ut etc., Cic.: bene penitus in istius familiaritatem sese dare, Cic.: u. dare alci se in adoptionem, sich von jmd. adoptieren lassen, Suet.
6) sich einer Sache ergeben, hingeben, widmen, sich an etw. machen, sich auf etw. legen, α) m. Dat., se labori et itineribus, Cic.: se duritiae, Nep.: se rei familiari vitaeque rusticae, Cic.: se voluptatibus, Turpil. fr. u. Cic.: se iucunditati, Cic.: se historiae, Cic.: se philosophiae, Capit.: se huic generi litterarum, Cic.: se auctoritati senatus, das A. des S. zu sördern suchen, Cic.: mit prädik. Acc. eines Adi., se totos libidinibus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 72: des Gerundivi, non se luxu neque inertiae corrumpendum dare, Sall. Iug. 6, 1. – β) m. in u. Akk., in eam exercitationem ita se studiose, ut etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 7. – γ) m. ad u. Akk., se ad συντάξεις, Cic. ad Att. 15, 14, 1. – bes. m. ad u. Akk. des Gerundii u. Gerundivi, se ad docendum, Cic.: se ad ius respondendum, Cic.: se ad defendendos homines, Cic.: se non modo ad legendos libros, sed etiam ad totam philosophiam pertractandam, Cic.
7) dare se m. prädik. Acc., α) eines Subst., sich hergeben zu usw., temeritatis me omnium potius socium (zum G.) quam unius prudentiae dedi, Liv. 6, 24, 9. – β) eines Adi., sich so u. so zeigen, dare se facilem, Ter.: se alci hilarum, Plaut.: se alci placidum, Ov.
8) dare se m. Adv., a) v. Pers., sich so u. so geben, -halten, -benehmen, mirum ni ego me turpiter hodie hic dabo, mich blamiere, Ter. eun. 230: usque quaque, inquis, se Domitii male dant, bringen uns Unglück, Cael. in Cic. ep. 8, 15, 2. – b) v. Lebl., sich so u. so machen, sich so u. so gestalten, ut se initia dederint perscribat, Cic. ad Att. 3, 23, 5: omnibus nobis ut res dant sese, ita etc., Ter. Hec. 380: ita dat se res, ut operam dabit, Enn. fr. scen. 269: eaque ferme se dedēre melius consultoribus quam etc., *Afran. com. 332: multa adeo gelidā melius se nocte dedēre, macht sich (wird getan) vorteilhafter, Verg. georg. 1, 287: omnibus feliciter hic locus se dedit, kam glücklich zustatten, Sen. ep. 79, 5: negotia ingentia nec se dant facile et etc., Sen. de ira 3, 7, 1.
II) von sich geben, A) eig.: 1) aus sich hervorgeben, castum cruorem, vergießen, Ov.: u. so lacrimas, Tr. vergießen, weinen, Ov.: ore colores, strahlen lassen, Verg.: v. Lebl., ara dabat fumos, ließ aufsteigen, Ov.
2) Töne od. Worte von sich geben, a) Töne von sich geben, hören-, verlauten-, vernehmen lassen, sonum, Verg.: sonitum, Lucr. u. Ov.: fragorem, Ov.: balatus, Hyg.; mugitum, mugitus, Ov.: plausum, Cic. u. Hor.: clamorem, Verg.: cantus, Verg.: Phrygios modos, Ov.: gemitum u. gemitus, Ov.: sibila vibratā linguā, Ov.: felices cantus ore sonante, Tibull.
b) Worte von sich geben, hören-, vernehmen lassen, lingua vix tales icto dedit aëre voces, hauchte kaum hörbar solcherlei Worte, Ov.: talia dicta dabat (dedit), er ließ sich also vernehmen, Verg. u. Ov.: u. so haec dicta dabat, Liv.
3) in Worten von sich geben, a) angeben, anzeigen, mitteilen, nennen, sagen, berichten, erzählen, ipsa quod res dedit ac docuit nos, Lucr.: cum auctoribus hoc dedi, quibus dignius credi est, Liv.: unum da mihi ex oratoribus illis, qui dicat etc., Cic. – m. dopp. Acc., qualem te fama dabat videmus, Val. Flacc. 5, 506. – m. folg. inoir. Fragesatz, da, si grave non est, quae prima iratum ventrem placaverit esca, Hor.: sed tamen iste qui deus sit, da nobis, Verg.: da, dea, quem sciter, Ov.: nunc quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo, Ter.: immo etiam dabo, quo (damit du) magis credas, Ter.: m. Acc. u. mit indir. Fragesatz, dabis igitur tribunatum (das Jahr des Tr.) et, si poteris, Tubulus quo crimine (sc. accusatus fuerit), Cic. ad Att. 12, 5, 3. – datur mit folg. Nom. u. Infin., Aeneas eripuisse datur, Ov. fast. 6, 434 M. (Riese ferunt): quis tot templa, tot aras promeruisse datur, Stat. silv. 3, 3, 80; u. so auch Stat. Theb. 7, 315; 11, 572. Claud. rapt. Pros. 3, 337.
b) mündlich verbreiten, hic primo sensim temptantium animos sermo per totam civitatem est datus, Liv. 2, 2, 4: sceleris data fama per urbes finitimas, Stat. Theb. 3, 10: inde dato passim varias rumore per urbes, Stat. Ach. 2, 352.
c) mündlich geben, erteilen, lehren, dare alci consilium, Ter., Cic. u.a. (s. cōnsiliumno. II, b, S. 1531): dare (alci) responsum, Cic., Hor. u.a.: dare (alci) praecepta, Cic. u.a. (s. praeceptumdas Nähere): alci haec promissa, Catull.: dare testimonium, s. testimonium: dare legem, leges, s. lēx: dare ius, iura, s. 1. iūs: alci fidem, s. 1. fidēs(= Wort, Versprechen, sicheres Geleit; versch. alci rei fidem dare, Glauben verschaffen, bestätigen, s. 1. fidēs= Glaubwürdigkeit). – dah. als t.t., α) ein Orakel, eine Weissagung geben, abgeben, erteilen, sortem, Ov. u. Suet.: oracula, Spart.: data dictio erat, caveret etc., Liv.: prägn., data fata, das (durch das Orakel) verheißene Geschick, Verg. Aen. 1, 382. – β) als jurist. t.t., dare alci diem, Frist geben, Plin. ep. 3, 9, 32. – dare litem secundum alqm, den Prozeß zugunsten jmds. entscheiden, Cic. u. Liv.: u. so bl. dare secundum alqm, zugunsten jmds. entscheiden, Sen. rhet. u.a. – γ) als geschäftl. t.t., dare rationem, Rechnung ablegen, Plaut. u. Cic.: übtr., dare rationem alcis rei, von etwas Rechenschaft geben, Plaut. u. Cornif. rhet.
d) als milit. u. publiz. t.t., anmelden, melden, nomen dare, sich melden, v. Soldaten zum Kriegsdienst, Cic. u.a., von neuen Kolonisten, Plaut, u. Liv., u. zu andern Diensten, Tac. (s. nōmendas Nähere).
4) schaffend hervorbringen, a) erzeugen, α) v. leb. Wesen, αα) leb. Wesen: geminam partu prolem, Verg.: fetus, Tibull.: liberos, Catull.: progeniem vitiosiorem, Hor.: Augustos multos de se daturum, Treb. Poll. – ββ) lebl. Objj., entstehen lassen, non fumum ex fulgore, sed ex fumo lucem, Hor. de art. poët. 143. – β) v. Lebl., hervorbringen, erzeugen, entstehen lassen, aus sich liefern, quod sol atque imbres dederant, Lucr.: tellus dedit ferarum ingentia corpora partu, Lucr.: terra fabas tantum duraque farra dabat, Ov.: cum segetes occat tibi mox frumenta daturas, Hor.: quercus singulos ramos a frutice dedit (trieb), Suet.
b) machen, bilden, α) im engern Sinne: cuneum, Verg.: sinum in medio, Liv.: gremium (v. der Erde), Mela: locum, Platz machen (Raum geben), Ov.: viam, einen Weg bahnen, Platz machen, Plaut., alci, Liv. u. Curt. – β) im weitern Sinne, umschreibend, αα) m. Objj., die den Begriff einer Bewegung enthalten, machen, tun, si quid proprio dat corpore motus, Lucr.: nullos audet dare corpore motus, wagt nicht sich zu rühren, Ov.: haud indecoros motus more Tusco dabant, Liv.: longos dat corpore tortus, krümmt sich in langen Windungen, Verg.: amplexus od. complexus d., umarmen, auch alci (jmd.), Ov.: dare saltum, Ov., dare undique saltus, Ov., in aëra saltus, Ov.: dare fugam, die Flucht ergreifen, Verg.: cursum in medios, eilen, stürmen, Verg.: impetum, Liv., impetum od. impetus in alqm, Liv.: impressionem, Liv. – ββ) m. Partiz. Perf. (f. Brix Plaut. capt. 342. Spengel Ter. Andr. 683), alqd effectum dare, Plaut.: perfectum hoc negotium, Plaut.: iam hoc tibi inventum dabo, Ter.: sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum etc., will so niederstrecken, Liv. 8, 6, 6: te mea dextra bello defensum dabit, wird dir Schutz gewähren im Kr., Verg. Aen. 12, 437: hanc mactatam victimam legatorum manibus dabo, will ich fällen als Sühnopfer für usw., Liv. 4, 19, 3. – γγ) m. Gerundiv, ego mecum hostium legiones mactandas Telluri et diis manibus dabo, will zum Sühnopfer für die T. usw. machen, Liv. 10, 28, 13. – δδ) m. prädik. Adi., anni multi me dubiam danunt, Plaut. Epid. 544: cautumque dabant exempla sequentem, Claud. IV. cons. Hon. 77. – alterum geminata victoria ferocem in certamen tertium dabat, Liv. 1, 25, 11.
B) übtr.: 1) von sich geben, ablegen, geben, documentum dare m. folg. Akk. u. Infin., Liv.: documenta dare m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Cic. u. Liv.: documenta sui dare, Curt.. legis in se documenta dare, Iustin.: u. so dare exemplum, ex-perimenfcum, specimen, w.s. – 2) geben, schaffen, verschaffen, beibringen, einflößen, animos (Mut), Ov.: spiritus, Liv.: vires, s. vīs: spem, s. spēs: suspicionem, s. 2. suspīcio: eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod etc., er könne sich um so weniger bedenken, sei vollkommen entschieden, Caes. – 3) bringen, bereiten, machen, verursachen, veranlassen, alci tussim, Catull.: risus, risus iocosque, Stoff geben zu usw., Hor.: sonitum, ein Geräusch erregen, Verg.: alci somnum, Hor.: alci curas, Cornif. rhet.: damnum, malum, ruinam, stragem u. dgl., w.s.: funera, Verg.: alci dolorem, Cic.: proelio od. bello finem, ein Ende machen, Eutr.: finem animae, ein Ende bereiten, Iuven..: causam bello, Veranlassung zum Kr. geben, Eutr. – 4) machen, bewirken, m. Infin., dat posse moveri, Ov. met. 11, 177: sed haec vetusta dent recordari, quemadmodum etc., Mamert. pan. Iulian. 19, 3.
/ Nbf. dano, ere, wov. danunt, Naev. b. Pun. 4. fr. 4. Plaut, capt. 819 u.ö. Caecil. com. 176. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1175; vgl. Paul. ex Fest. 68, 12. Non. 97, 14. – Archaist. Konj. Präs. duas, duat, Plaut. – archaist. Konj. Präs. duim, duis, duit, duint, Trag. u. Comic. vett., Cato u.a.; vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 Bd. 3. S. 311 u. 312 u. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 224 u. 225 u. (für Terenz) Spengel Ter. Andr. 666. – Archaist. Imperat. duitor, XII tabb. bei Plin. 21, 7 D. (wo Schöll XII tabb. X, 7 arduitur). – Synkop. Formen dan = dasne, Plaut. asin. 671 u. truc. 373: datin = datisne. Plaut. Curc. 311; truc. 631: dabin = dabisne, Plaut. Bacch. 883; Pseud. 536 u. 1078. – Apokop. Form dedistin = dedistine, Plaut. Curc. 345; trin. 127 u. 129 – Archaist. Infin. Präs. Pass. darei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 205 sq. u.ö. – Parag. Infin. Präs. Pass. darier, Lex vet. bei Fest. 189 (a), 14. – Nach Diom. 379, 25 ist. Pers. Präs. Pass. dor selten, nach Macr. de diff. 23, 8 gar nicht gebräuchlich.
-
6 do
1. dō (δῶ d.i. δῶμα) = (Acc.) domum, Enn. b. Auson. Technop. (XXVII) 13, 18. p. 139 Schenkl.————————2. do, dedī, datum, dare (altind. dádā-ti, er gibt, griech. δίδωμι), I) geben, reichen (Ggstz. accipere, annehmen, empfangen, reddere, zurück-, abgeben, remittere, zurück-, dagegenschicken, adimere, nehmen, ferre, davontragen, auferre, mit sich nehmen, entziehen, detrahere, entziehen, eripere, entreißen, poscere, fordern), I) alqd: A) eig.: I) die Hand od. mit der Hand geben, reichen, hergeben, herreichen, hingeben, hinreichen, darreichen, überreichen, schenken, dare (alci) manum, Ov. u. Quint.: dare dextram, Nep. (vgl. dextra unter dexter): alci primum digitum, Catull.: alci assem, Phaedr.: (alci) librum, Hor. u. Nep.: poculum veneni, Cic.: frumentum plebi, Vell.: alci triremem, Nep.: populo Romano hunc vestitum atque arma, Cic.: (alci) viaticum, Plaut. u. Plin. ep.: alci vinum, Verg. – m. Ang. von wo? u. dgl., ut quodcumque opus esset sciret unde daret et meminisset atque annotaret quid et quando et cui dedisset, Col. 12, 3, 4: pretium dedit. Cui dedit? per quem dedit? unde aut quantum dedit? Cic. Rosc. Am. 74: de pane tuo da esurienti et de vestimentis tuis nudis, Ambros. de Tob. 4. – m. Ang. auf welchem Wege? alci per fenestras gladium, Nep. Dion. 9, 6. – m. Ang. wofür? praemium pro pietate, Cic.: cum praemia mihi tanta pro hac industria sint data, Cic. – m. Ang. als was? durch Acc., dextram fidei suae pig-————nus, Curt. 8, 12 (43), 10: pabula utilitatis eorum praemia (als B.) causā, Lucr. 5, 867: merces mihi gloria detur, Ov. fast. 3, 389: od. durch Partiz. Fut. Pass., alci librum ad alqm perferendum dare, Cic. ad Att. 2, 1, 1: saepe ferenda dedit blandis sua verba tabellis, gab zu bestellen, Ov. met. 14, 707. – m. Ang. zu welchem Zweck? fruges in (zur) segetem, Acc. tr. 672. Hyg. fab. 2. – quid do m. folg. ne u. Konj., was gäbe ich darum, daß usw., Sen. contr. 9 (3), 26. § 11 u. 12. Insbes.: a) Geschenke od. Mitgift od. als (zum) Geschenk od. zur Mitgift geben, bescheren, überreichen, schenken, dare donum, Ter. u. Cic.: alci dona, Plaut.: dona amicis ceterisque pro cuiusque merito, Curt.: (alci) munus, Verg. u.a.: dotes, Nep.: paulum des crebro, Nov. com. fr.: ut haberet quod statim daret, Nep.: si suum munus qui dedissent (die Geber) adimere vellent, Liv. – m. Ang. als was? alci canem munus (als G.), Ov.: alqd (alci) dotem (als M.), Komik. – mit Ang. zu welchem Zweck? maestas munus in (zu) exsequias, Tibull. 2, 4, 44. – m. Ang. wozu? durch Dat., alci alqd dono, Ter. u. Nep.: muneri alqd, Nep. u. Quint.: doti alci alqd, Nep. – quod praesens tamquam in manus datur iucundius est, Geschenke, die uns gleichsam bar in die Hand gedrückt werden, Cic. de off. 2, 60. – absol., illos qui dant, eos derides, Plaut.: prior ad dandum qui est, Ter. – Partiz. subst., α) dāns, antis, m., der Geber,————Hor. ep. 2, 1, 246. – β) datum, ī, n., die Gabe, das Geschenk, Sing. bei Augustin. solil. 18, 5 (Liv. 22, 10, 3 Glossem); Plur. bei Plaut. asin. 166 u. Pseud. 306. Ov. met. 6, 463. Prop. 3, 15, 6.b) den Göttern, Manen od. übh. jmdm. ein Weihgeschenk, Opfer u. dgl. geben, bringen, darbringen, weihen, opfern, α) den Göttern, munera, Ov.: Apollini donum, Nep.: Apollini signa inaurata, Liv.: alci templum, Ov.: alci victimam, porcam, Ov.: alci piaculum porco, Macr.: sacra piaculaque apud lucum Dianae per pontifices, Tac.: more Romano suovetaurilia, Tac.: exta deo, Ov.: exta perperam, Liv.: tus, Ov.: tura, Tibull.: divis tura benignis, Hor.: tura focis vinumque, Ov.: Oceano libamenta, Iustin. – β) den Manen u. Toten, inferias manibus, Ov. u. Suet. (vgl. inferiae): germanae iusta ante suae, Ov. – γ) jmdm.: alci lacrimam od. lacrimas, Ov.: o quantum patriae sanguinis ille dedit! Ov.c) Briefe usw. jmdm. geben, u. zwar; α) jmdm. (zur Bestellung) geben, einhändigen, mitgeben, litteras od. epistulam alci, Cic.: alci litteras ad alqm, Cic.: datis iam epistulis diem commutare, Cic.: erit cotidie cui des, du wirst ja täglich Gelegenheit finden, Cic. – β) jmdm. geben = an jmd. abgeben, jmdm. einhändigen, alci litteras, Cic.: epistulam accubanti in convivio, Nep. – γ) (v. Briefschreiber) an jmd. geben, senden, absenden, tres epistulae eodem————abs te datae tempore, Cic.: litteras ex Trebulano a Pontio, Cic.: litteras Trallibus (zu T., von T. aus), Cic.: ut quo dem (wir: wohin ich adressiere) posthac litteras sciam, Cic.: litteras publicas sine subscriptione ad alqm dare, Suet.: ante lucem V III. Kal. litteras ad alqm, Cic.: discedens dabo ad te aliquid, Cic.: data pridie Kal. Decembr., Cic.: datum VI. Id. Ian., Cic.d) Geld usw. (u. übtr. Strafe) geben, beitragen, zahlen, bezahlen, auszahlen, entrichten, für jmd. od. etw. ausgeben, α) eig.: symbolam, Ter.: aes u. aera, Hor. u. Ov.: pecuniam, Cic.: decies centena huic parco, Hor.: quantum quisque daret, Nep.: huic aliquid paulum prae manu, Ter.: dic, quid vis dari tibi in manum? Ter. – mit Ang. als was? alci magnam pecuniam mutuam, Cic. ad Att. 11, 3, 3: huic salarium (als B.) de nostro privato aerario annuos frumenti modios tria milia, Treb. Poll. Claud. 14, 3. – m. Ang. woher? pecuniam a se, Plaut, trin. 182 (vgl. im folg. aus Monum. Anc.): omnia ex sua re familiari, Nep. Att. 7, 1. – m. Ang. wofür? pecuniam pro praediis a se, Monum. Anc. col. I, 1, 19. p. LXVIII ed. Momms.: quantum pro Caesaris ipse avolsa cervice daret, Lucan. 8, 11: cogitans et in pontibus pro transitu dari, Passierzoll gegeben werde, Sen. de const. sap. 14, 2. – m. Ang. wozu? durch Dat., dare milia terna macello, Hor. sat. 2, 4, 76. – Partiz. subst, data, ōrum, n., die Ausgaben (Ggstz. accepta, die Einnah-————men), ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. de amic. 58. – β) übtr., Strafe usw. geben, dare poenas, Str. leiden, bestraft werden (Ggstz. poenas accipere, büßen lassen, bestrafen), Cic. u.a. (s. poena das Nähere): d. damnum, s. damnum: pretium pro noxa, Liv. Andr. fr.: Novio Prisco et Glitio Gallo data exsilia, traf das Los der v., Tac.: daturos quod Lars Tolumnius dedisset responderi iussit. Liv.e) einen Stoff spenden, liefern, volucres mella daturae, Ov. fast. 5, 271: nec scombris tunicas (Hüllen zum Einpacken) dabis molestas, Mart. 4, 86, 8: u. so et laxas scombris saepe dabunt (Volusi annales) tunicas, Catull. 95, 8: im Bilde, materiam dare invidiae, Cic. Phil. 11, 21: materiam omnem sermonem eorum, qui de te detrahere vellent, Statium dedisse, Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 2. 3.f) als publiz. t.t., dem Richter die Stimmtäfelchen einhändigen, an die Richter austeilen, tabellam dare de alqo, Cic.: alci dare in iudicando litteram salutarem od. tristem (ein Stimmtäfelchen mit A = absolvo, od. mit C = condemno), Cic.: tabellae ministrabantur ita, ut nulla daretur UTI ROGAS, Cic.g) als t.t. des Brettspiels, dare calculum, einen Stein ziehen (Ggstz. reducere, zurückziehen), Cic. Hortens. fr. 60 M. Quint. 11, 2, 88.h) eine Klageschrift abgeben, einreichen, dare libellum, s. libellus.————i) (v. Reiter, Wagenlenker) die Zügel schießen lassen (Ggstz. premere), dare lora, Verg.: frena, Ov.: laxas habenas, die Z. verhängen, Verg.k) Speisen auf die Tafel geben, setzen, aufsetzen, austragen lassen, vorsetzen, partem ceteram (carnium) mensis, Ov.: alci turdum, Hor.: semesi lardi frusta, Hor.: absol., quid dem? quid non dem? renuis tu, quod iubet aster, Hor.: ›sume, catelle‹, negat; si non des, optat, Hor.l) Nahrung usw. od. zur Nahrung usw. reichen, α) übh., alimenta lactis puero, Ov.: u. (übtr.) ali menta igni, Curt.: de mensa sua ossa, Phaedr. – m. Ang. wozu? durch Dat., alqd esui dare, Plin.: potioni dare aquam, Cels. – m. Infin., dare bibere, Plaut. u. Cato: bibere da usque plenis cantharis, Plaut. – β) Arznei usw. reichen, geben, eingeben, beibringen, pueris absinthia taetra, Lucr.: abrotonum aegro, Hor.: aliquid potionis, Plaut.: alci potionem, Cels. u. Quint., potiones, Scrib.: alci medicamentum, Cels. u.a.: patri soporem, Nep.: alci venenum, Curt. u.a. (vgl. venenum).m) eine Mahlzeit, Festlichkeit geben, anstellen, veranstalten, alci cenam, Komik., Cic. u.a.: alci epulum, Cic. u.a. (dah. dans epulum, der Gastgeber, Sen.): alci epulas, Tac.: (alci) prandium, Cic. u.a.: nataliciam in hortis, Cic.: exsequias, Ov.: ludos, Suet.: munus (gladiatorium), s. munus: fabulam, zur————Aufführung bringen, Ter. u. Cic.: so auch Menandri Phasma, Ter.n) einen Schlag geben, Wunden beibringen (Ggstz. accipere, ferre), dare alci alapam, Vulg., colaphum, Spart.: (alci) vulnus, vulnera, Ov. u.a. (vgl. vulnus).o) etw. einer Sache übergeben, überlassen, preisgeben, corpus quieti, Acc. fr.: ventis colla comasque, Verg.: undis latus (v. Schiffe), Verg.: boum caesorum membra palato, Ov.: telo pectus inermum, Verg. – bes. vela dare ventis, die Segel den Winden überlassen, preisgeben, Verg. u.a.: ebenso dare classem ventis, Pacat. pan. – u. vela od. lintea dare (die Segel richten) m. Advv. u. dgl., s. velum u. linteum.p) wohin geben, bringen, legen, tun, werfen, α) m. Advv., scripta foras, herausgeben, Cic. ep.: alqd praeceps (bildl. = in Gefahr bringen, famam), Tac.: retro capillos, Ov.: iugulum retro, Cels.: arida circum nutrimenta, Verg.: d. pessum, s. pessum. – β) m. Dat., bald = auf etw. od. in etw. werfen, vagae arenae ossibus particulam, Hor.: ignibus ista, Prop. – bald = in etw. legen, corpus tumulo, Ov.: urnae ossa, Pers. – bald = etw. an od. um etw. legen, einer Sache anlegen, brachia collo, Verg.: brachia nitidis virginibus, Hor.: alci rei frenos (bildl.), Liv. 34, 2, 13: posti florida serta, Tibull.: septena fila lyrae, Ov.: picta carinae vela (poet. = die Segel aufhissen), Ov. – γ) m.————Praepp.: αα) m. in od. m. circum od. m. super u. Akk., funera in altos rogos, Ov.: in fluvios gelidos ardentia morbo membra, tauchen, Lucr.: pleraque secum in profundum, stürzen lassen, Curt.: in aurem castoreum cum aceto, Cels.: id in suam sedem, in seine gehörige Lage, Cels.: Tyrias circum illota toralia vestes, breiten um usw., Hor.: alteram fasciam ab altera parte super caput, führen, Cels.: u. so a (von) sinistro (iugulo) ad (bis zu) dextram alam rursusque sub ala sana (unter der gef. A. durch) fasciam d., Cels. – ββ) m. ad u. Akk., ad intortos brachia funes, ausstrecken nach usw., Ov. met. 3, 679.q) m. prädik. Acc. des Adi. = etw. so u. so geben, stellen, saepe dabis nudum latus, Tibull. 1, 4, 52.2) ein Zeichen (Kennzeichen, Merkmal) mit der Hand, mit einem Blasinstr. od. sonstwie geben, s. signum, indicium, nota.3) die Kehle, den Nacken, den Rücken geben, hinreichen, reichen, hinhalten, iugulum (alci), Cic.: alci cervices, Cic.: cervicem ad ictum alcis, Vell.: cervices crudelitati nefariae, bildl. = sich fügen od. schmiegen unter usw., Cic.: terga verberibus, Pacat. pan. 30, 5. – insbes., als milit. t.t. u. übtr., terga dare, den Rücken wenden, fliehen, s. tergum.4) den Mund, einen Kuß geben, dare (alci) oscula, Ov. (vgl. osculum): alci basium, Petron., basia mille, Catull.: alci savium, Komik, u. Cic.————B) übtr.: 1) geben, gewähren, verleihen, bestimmen, erweisen, a) übh.: α) im guten Sinne: da, nate, petenti, quod etc., Verg.: quod petis a nobis, obrutus ille dabit, Ov.: dare alci somnum (v. der Arbeit), Ov.: (alci) quietem, Cic. u. Curt.: requiem terrae, Ov.: tres horas exercitui ad quietem, Caes.: alci vitam, Cic.: his lacrimis vitam, schenken, Verg.: dare beneficia (Ggstz. reddere od. accipere), Cic. u. Sall.: merita (Ggstz. accipere), Cic.: alci civitatem (das Bürgerrecht), Vell.: nomen alci, Hor., alci rei, Liv. (vgl. nomen): alci cognomen pingui, Hor.: alci od. facto impunitatem, Iustin.: servis libertatem, Iustin.: honores, Hor.: alci caelestes honores, Curt.: alci od. huic consilio palmam, Cic. u. Ter.: alci pro tantis meritis honoris coronam, Nep.: alci caelum, Ov. u. Curt., aditum ad caelum, Cic.: alci victoriam, s. victoria: hanc gratiam, Ter.: alci multa solacia, Cic.: alci laetitiam, Cic.: soli et lunae divinitatem, Cic.: precibus eventum vestris, Liv.: mobilibus decorem naturis, Hor.: famam rebus, Pacat. pan.: novum his erroribus orbem, Tibull.: alci veniam, s. venia. – datum hoc nostro generi est, ut etc., es ist Bestimmung unseres G., daß usw., Liv. 10, 28, 13. – m. folg. Infin., est cui cognomen corvus habere dedit, Prop. 3, 11, 64: mihi multa vetustas scire dedit, Ov. met. 14, 696: u. so auch Lucan. 6, 775. Pers. 5, 104. – Partiz. subst., dāns, antis, m., der Geber (Ggstz. accipiens, der Empfänger), si————summa petantur, et dantem et accipientem praegravatura, Liv. 35, 42, 14. – β) im üblen Sinne, jmdm. etw. bescheren, einbrocken, heimgeben (s. Brix Plaut, capt. 463. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 151. p. 94, b. Spengel Plaut. truc. 2, 8, 4), observa quid dabo, Plaut.: specta quid dedero, Plaut.: sic datur, da hast du deinen Lohn! Plaut.; od. so wird's gelohnt! da haben wir's! Plaut.b) insbes.: α) v. den Göttern: quod boni di mihi danunt, Plaut.: dato quae precamur tempore sacro, Hor.: si di dare cuncta potestis, Ov.: hoc tantum boni, quod vobis a dis immortalibus oblatum et datum est, Cic.: d. alci augurium, Ov.: nobis victoriam, Liv.: alci mentem, ut faciat huic insidias, Cic. – m. folg. Infin., di tibi dent captā classem reducere (al. deducere) Troiā, Hor. sat. 2, 3, 191: u. so Lucr. 3, 1028. Verg. Aen. 1, 79 u.ö. Ov. met. 1, 486 u.ö. Plin. ep. 6, 16, 3. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., quod nostrae aetati dii dederunt, ut videremus, Liv. 1, 19, 3: u. so Liv. 1, 54, 5; 30, 12, 12. – m. folg. ne u. Konj., da femina ne sim, Ov. met. 12, 202: u. so ibid. 12, 206.β) v. Schicksal usw., Cinarae breves annos fata dederunt, Hor.: ea fato quodam data nobis sors est, ut etc., Liv.: principatum fato dari, Suet.: quotiens fortuna contra daret, Tac. – m. folg. Infin., si vivere nobis fata diu dederint, Ov. met. 7, 692: u. so ibid. 14, 843. Sil. 13, 144: v. der Parze, Hor. carm. 2, 16, 39. – m.————folg. ut u. Konj., quod mihi si tantum fata dedissent, ut etc., Prop. 2, 1, 17: u. so Plin. ep. 8, 18, 5. – absol., si fors dedit, Calp.: sat patriae Priamoque datum est, ist geschehen für usw., Verg.γ) v. der Natur, verleihen, oculos natura nobis ad motus animorum declarandos dedit, Cic.: illis maiorem natura modum dedit, his breve pondus, Hor.: leges, quae naturā sunt omnibus datae, Quint.: noli affectare quod tibi non est datum, Phaedr.: quod paucis datum est, Plin.: pennis non homini datis, Hor. – m. folg. Infin., varieque datum sit membra movere, Lucr. 4, 875: si modo senescere datum est, Plin. ep. 3, 1, 1; vgl. Hor. ep. 1, 1, 32.2) ein Geschäft, einen Auftrag, ein Amt usw. jmdm. geben, übergeben, zuteilen, erteilen, übertragen, überweisen, a) ein Geschäft, einen Auftrag, dare alci negotium, s. negotium; alci mandata, s. mandatum. – u. bl. dare alci m. folg. Infin., datum (es wurde der Auftrag gegeben) posthac C. Cassio deducere iuvenem ripam ad Euphratis, Tac. ann. 12, 11. – b) ein Amt usw., dare alci potestatem, imperium, legationem u. dgl., s. potestas usw.: dare alci fasces, Cic. u. Hor.: alci summam imperii, Nep.: alci provinciam, Cic.: alci Cappadociam, Nep.: alci regnum, Eutr.: alci diadema, Curt.3) einen Ort, eine Zeit usw. jmdm. anweisen, zuweisen, bestimmen, alci sedem inter inferos, Suet.:————alci locum in theatro, Suet.: alci locum in theatro inter viatores tribunicios, Tac.: eum locum colloquio, Liv.: media acies Ubiis Lingonibusque data, Tac.: mille pedes in fronte, trecentos in agrum, Hor.: requiem modumque voce remis, gebieten, Ov.: detur nobis locus, hora, custodes, Hor.: nuptiis hanc diem, Pacuv. fr.: relicum noctis utrimque quieti datum, Liv.4) etw. bieten, α) darbieten, praeclare convenit, aut da melius, Cic.: accipio quod datur, Cic. – β) anheimgeben, ultionem privato odio magis quam publicae vindictae, Vell. 2, 7, 6.5) Zeit, Studium usw. einer Sache widmen, auf etw. verwenden, α) m. Dat.: corpori omne tempus, Cic.: agris tempus, Pacat. pan.: lucis partem ultimam mensae, Ov.: noctem somno, Ov.: prima tempora illis, Ov.: aestivos menses reliquos rei militari, hibernos iurisdictioni, Cic.: reliquam partem diei tribunali, Plin. ep.: studiis annos septem. Hor.: iis artibus a primis temporibus aetatis studium suum, Cic.: ingenium illustre altioribus studiis, Tac.: u. insbes., operam dare m. Dat. (wem?), s. opera. – β) m. ad od. in u. Akk., aliquid temporis ad ludum aetatis, Cic.: plus in hoc studii, Quint.6) einräumen = zugeben, zugestehen, das Zugeständnis machen, willfahren, nachlassen, a) übh.: id gratiae, Liv.: id misericordiae, Cic.: id precibus Artabani, Tac.: hoc precibus meis, Curt.: consanguinitati————hoc, ut etc., Liv.: aliquid famae, Hor.: multa famae, Sen.: quantum autem consuetudini famaeque dandum sit, id curent vivi, Cic.: nihil neque gratiae dari neque de iure patriae decīdi posse, Iustin.: m. folg. ut u. Konj., dabat et famae (auch der öffentlichen Meinung tat er es zuliebe), ut etc., Tac. ann. 1, 7. – b) als philos t.t., einräumen, zugeben, zugestehen, si das hoc, Hor.: da supremum tempus, nimm das äußerste Lebensziel an, Cic.: id quoque damus et libenter quidem, Cic.: quem tibi hoc daturum putas? Cic.: quae dederam supra relego (nehme ich zurück), Pers. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. Acad. 2, 50; de fin. 2, 86; Verr. 3, 218. Lucr. 3, 539. Hor. sat. 1, 4, 39. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., da nunc, ut crimine manifesto prematur dux bonus, Quint. 12, 1, 43. – c) als publiz. t.t., v. Behörden, bewilligen, zugestehen, überlassen, gewähren, anordnen, dare alci senatum, Sall. u.a.: alci contionem, Cic.: iudicium iniuriarum, actionem rei, Cic.: alci pacem, Liv. u.a.: foedus et amicitiam, Sall.: alci indutias, Liv. (s. indutiae das Nähere). – bes. v. Prätor, dessen Vefugnis ist do (ich gewähre, näml. Klagen, Rechte), dico (ich spreche, näml. das Urteil), addico (ich spreche zu, näml. das Eigentum), Varro LL. 6, 30. Macr. sat. 1, 16, 14. – d) obszön, leisten, quod nec das et fers saepe, facis facinus, Catull. 110, 4: quando notum est, et quid ille tibi et quid illi tute dederis, Cic. fr. bei Suet. Caes.————49, 3: absol., nulla est poscendi, nulla est reverentia dandi, Prop. 3, 13, 13.7) einräumen = gestatten, zugestehen, bewilligen, überlassen, lassen, dare locum, spatium, viam, aditum, accessum, ascensum u. dgl., dare otium, tempus u. dgl., dare copiam, potestatem, facultatem, occasionem, optionem u. dgl., dare usum, usuram, s. alle diese Substst. – dah. dare m. Infin., da mihi fallere, Hor. ep. 1, 16, 61: u. so Iuven. 14, 30. Amm. 16, 12, 11. – dare (alci) m. ut u. Konj., Cic. Acad. 1, 24; ad Att. 14, 13. litt. A. § 3. Liv. 41, 8, 9. Tac. ann. 3, 69. – m. bl. Konj., Orest. tr. 15. – u. datur, es wird od. ist verstattet, erlaubt, man darf, man kann, m. Infin., Verg. Aen. 1, 409. (u.a. Dichter). Quint. 10, 7, 22. Plin. ep. 1, 10, 5. Tac. ann. 3, 67: m. folg. ut u. Konj., Tac. ann. 2, 53 u.a.: m. folg. ne u. Konj., Tac. ann. 3, 23. – absol., coëant in foedera dextrae, quā datur, Verg.: in quantum praeumbrante imperatoris fastigio datur, clarus, Tac. ann. 14, 47 in.8) alci m. prädik. Dat. (zu), zu od. als etw. anrechnen, in den Redensarten laudi, vitio, crimini dare od. dari, s. laus, vitium, crimen.9) einem Zustande aussetzen, preisgeben, überlassen, anheimgeben, dare alqd exitio, Lucr.: summas arces Italûm excidio, Verg.: urbem excidio ac ruinis, Liv.: captum oppidum praedae, Liv.: alia oblivioni aut neglegentiae, Liv. – m. in u. Akk., in praedas————stantem urbem, Sil. 1, 455.10) m. in od. ad u. Akk., a) in eine Lage usw. bringen, stellen, alqd in conspectum, zur Schau stellen, Curt.: alqd in medium, der Öffentlichkeit übergeben, verraten, Lucr.: alqd ad populi partes, der Teilnahme des V. eröffnen, Cic. – b) in einen Zustand versetzen, in splendorem bullas has foribus nostris, Plaut. asin. 426.11) m. prädik. Partiz. Perf. od. Gerundivum, übergeben, darbieten, überlassen, lassen, Caere intactum inviolatumque crimine belli hospitio Vestalium cultisque diis darent, Liv. 7, 20, 7. – d. vineas colendas, Eutr.: diripiendam urbem, Cic.: laceranda suae viscera matri, Ov.: id alci cogitandum, zu bedenken geben, Cic.: tantas res alci scribendas, Cic.: librum ipsi legendum, Nep.: omnia in medium discenda, allen zum Lernen darbieten, Ov.II) alqm (auch corpus, membra, animum): A) eig.: 1) im allg., geben, überweisen, hanc mi in manum dat, sie legt unsere Hände ineinander, Ter. Andr. 297: alqm dare mancipio, s. mancipium.2) wohin bringen, infans aliorsum (anderswohin, aus dem Hause) datus, Gell. 12, 1, 22: alqm in hanc domum, Ter. eun. 365: hostem in medium, in die Mitte nehmen, einschließen, Lucan. 7, 366. – od. wohin stecken, m. Dat., catenis fatale monstrum, Hor. carm. 1, 37, 20: mollibus ora capistris, Verg. georg.————3, 188: m. in u. Akt., alqm in caveam, Plaut. capt. 124. – od. wo hinein tauchen, in fluvios gelidos ardentia morbo membra, Lucr. 6, 1171. – od. wohin strecken, stürzen, maerore dari in lectum, Lucr.: u. dare alqm ad terram, Plaut. u. Suet.: alqm in terram, Lucr.: alqm praecipitem ad terram, Liv.: u. bl. dare alqm praecipitem, zu Falle bringen, Ter., od. aus dem Hause werfen, Ter. (vgl. bildl., postea ambitione praeceps datus est, kam zu Falle, Sall. Iug. 63, 6): eoque ictu me ad casum dari, zum Falle gebracht werden, Acc. fr.3) jmd. (einem) in irgend einer Eigenschaft geben, a) geben = beigeben, stellen, vatem, Hor.: duos collegas, Nep.: alci uxorem, s. uxor: comites, Curt.: duces itineris de captivis, Curt.: obsides (alci), Caes.: milites, Eutr.: nullum militem dare posse, Liv.: dare arbitrum, Cic.: iudicem, praedem, testem, vadem, s. iudex, praes, testis, vas: alci custodem et paedagogum, Sen.: alci tutorem, Eutr.: alci successorem, Suet.: alqm alci in consilium, Nep.: dabo, cui credas, Tac. – m. dopp. Acc. (jmd. als od. zu usw.), alqm comitem, Curt.: Phrygias catervas comites, Lucr.: alqm arbitrum inter etc., Cic.: libertinum militem, Vell.: obsidem filium, Eutr.: alqm alci coheredem, Suet.: alqm alci successorem, Suet. u. Iustin.: alqm vicarium, Traian. in Plin. ep. – im Passiv m. dopp. Nom., Hadrianus decemvir litibus iudicandis datus, Spart.:————u. im Abl. absol. m. dopp. Abl., dato adiutore Pharnabazo, Nep. Con. 4, 2. – b) geben, verleihen, übergeben, anvertrauen, alci cognatos (v. der Natur), Hor.: natam od. filiam genero, Verg. u. Ov.: infantem nutrici, Ov.: alqm grammatico, Capit.: u. poet., fidibus divos puerosque deorum, Hor. – m. dopp. Acc. (jmd. als od. zu), alci alqm virum (zum M. = zum Gatten), Ter.: alqm alci socerum, Ov.: nobilem virginem servo suo pelicem, Curt. – m. 1. Supin., dare alqam alci nuptum, eine an jmd. verheiraten, Komik., Nep. u.a. (s. Drak. Liv. 1, 49, 9). – u. alqm alci m. Gerundiv, dilaceranda feris dabor alitibusque, Catull.: datur mihi custodiendus, Afran. fr.: exsulibusne datur ducenda (wird hingegeben, um sie als Frau heimzuführen) Teucris? Verg. – zugl. m. dopp. Acc., equites pignora (als U.) pacis custodiendos Luceriam, Liv. 9, 15, 7.4) jmdm. geben = über jmd. setzen, an die Spitze stellen von usw., Albanis regem, Eutr.: Orienti Caesarem, Eutr.: principem Romanae rei publicae, Spart. – m. dopp. Acc. (jmd. als od. zu), alqm tribunum quintae legioni, Treb. Poll.: trecentos exsules iudices rectoresque civitati, Iustin.: im Passiv mit dopp. Nom., leviter armatis dux (als A.) datus est Mullinus, Curt. B) übtr.: 1) in ein Verhältnis, eine Lage geben, hingeben, illam sine dote in tantas divitias (in ein so reiches Haus), Plaut.: filiam in sortem, der Losung————unterwerfen, zum Losen stellen, Suet.: alqm in adoptionem, zur A. entlassen, Quint.: in adoptionem od. in familiam alcis dari, von jmd. adoptiert werden, Vell.: alqm aut vivum aut mortuum in potestatem, Liv.: alqam in matrimonium, zur Frau geben od. geben wollen (anbieten), Caes. u. Liv.: alqm in omnem memoriam, dem ewigen G. übergeben, Sen.2) jmd. in eine schlimme Lage bringen, alqm in praeceps (Gefahr), Liv.3) jmd. in einen andern äußern od. innern Zustand versetzen (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 959), alqm in ruborem dare totum, Plaut.: alqm in timorem, Plaut.: animum in luctus, in Tr. versenken, Ov.: alqm ad languorem, Komik.4) jmd. einem Zustande überlassen, placido sua corpora somno, Ov. met. 6, 489: caput et ceterum truncum sepulturae, begraben, Suet. Galb. 20, 2.5) jmd. einem Zustande aussetzen, preisgeben, im Passiv = anheimfallen, alqm tormentis, Capit.: alqm exitio, Lucr. u. Ov.: alqm morti, Hor.: catervatim morbo mortique dari, Lucr.: alqm neci, Acc. fr. u. Verg.: alqm leto, Enn. fr., Pacuv. fr., Ov. u.a. ( leto datus auch Cic. de legg. 2, 22 im archaist. Gesetzstil): fortia corpora leto, Verg. – m. ad u. Akk., alqm ad iniurias alcis, Cic.6) jmd. in einen Zustand nötigen, hostes in fugam, zur Fl. nötigen, in die Fl. schlagen, Caes.: Sestum————incolentes in deditionem, zur Üb. zwingen, Liv.III) dare se (u. im Passiv dari), v. Pers.u.v. Lebl., A) eig.: 1) sich in den Bereich jmds. od. einer Örtl. begeben, sich jmdm. od. wo zeigen, det mihi se, käme er nur in meinen Bereich, mir zu nahe, Ov. met. 12, 12, 594: mi ipsum iam dudum optabam te dari, daß ich dich antreffe, Ter. heaut. 758: dare populo se et coronae, Cic. Verr. 3, 49: da te urbi, da te curiae, zeige dich in der St., zeige dich in der K., Vopisc. Florian. 16 (6), 5: non aequo dare se campo, sich nicht in das Blachfeld wagen, sich nicht zum Kampfe stellen, Verg. Aen. 9, 56: spumantem dari votis optat aprum, in seinen Jagdbereich komme, anlaufe, Verg. Aen. 4, 158. – mit in u. Akk., se in medias acies, mitten hinein in das Heer treten, Verg. Aen. 12, 227. – m. prädik. Acc., da mihi te talem, zeige dich (erscheine mir) als solcher, Ov. met. 3, 295.2) sich dem Feinde ergeben, dare se ultro, Amm. 15, 2, 60: sponte se propriā, Amm. 17, 2, 3.3) sich wohin begeben, werfen, stürzen, m. Advv., se intro, Cic. Caecin. 13: se super (sc. in ignem), Verg. Aen. 4, 606: exinde se ilico protenam, Plaut. Curc. 363: dari alci obviam, begegnen, Ter. adelph. 311: v. Lebl., hāc se foras, Lucr. 1, 1105 (1113). – m. Dat., pedibus se protinam, sich auf die Beine machen (Fersengeld geben), Naev. com. 35. – sese fluvio, Verg. Aen. 11, 565: u. (im Bilde) se civi-————libus fluctibus, Nep. Att. 6, 1. – m. Praepp., sese in pedes, sich auf die Beine machen (Fersengeld geben), Plaut.: se in viam, Cic.: e scopulo se in pontum, Ov.: se iactu aequor in altum, Verg.: v. Lebl., dabit se in tormenta vita beata, wird mit auf die Folter gehen, Cic. Tusc. 5, 80. – zugl. m. prädik. Nom. od. Acc., praeceps saltu sese dedit in fluvium, Verg.: semet ipsi in pelagus ex certa rupe praecipites dant, Mela: quo nunc me praecipitem darem, Ter.: hic se praecipitem tecto dedit, Hor.: dare se (alci) obvium, jmdm. entgegenkommen, -treten, Liv. 1, 16, 6, u. in den Wurf kommen = einfallen (v. Versen), Macr. 5, 3, 1: u. so (v. leb. Wesen) obvium dari, entgegen-, in den Wurf kommen, Liv. 26, 27, 12.4) sich einer Sache hingeben, α) tätig, v. Pers., an etw. teilnehmen, dare se convivio, Suet. Caes. 31: se haec in bella, Verg. Aen. 12, 633. – β) passiv, v. Schiffen, vento dare se, vor dem W. fahren, Caes. b.G. 3, 13, 9.B) übtr.: dare se, 1) sich fügen, sich hingeben, da modo te, Ov. her. 15, 57 R. (16, 161): dent modo se superi, seien mir gnädig, Sil. 3, 150: si se dant, wenn sie sich fügen, d.i. empfänglich sind, Cic. de or. 2, 187.2) sich zeigen, sich finden, sich darbieten, sich einstellen, v. Lebl., quocumque tempore se dabunt vires, Verg. Aen. 4, 627: an nesciebas, quam eius————modi homini raro tempus se daret? sich die Gelegenheit uns bietet, Plaut. Bacch. 676: uni se ex Sabinis fors dare visa est privato consilio imperii recuperandi, Liv. 1, 45, 3.3) sich jmdm. hingeben, ergeben, sich an jmd. anschließen, jmdm. zu Willen sein, sich in jmds. Willen fügen, se alci, Komik., Cic. u.a.: se regibus, Cic.: se legionibus, Tac. – m. prädik. Acc. des Gerundiv, demus nos huic excolendos (zur Ausbildung), Cic. Tusc. 4, 84. 4) sich einer Lage, einem Zustande hingeben, überlassen, dare se somno, Cic.: se quieti, Caes. u. Plin. ep.: iterum se quieti et somno, Val. Max. (dah. im Passiv quieti datus, eingeschlummert, Arnob. 2, 21): se fugae, sich auf die Fl. begeben, Cic.: se gemitui, Cic. – m. in u. Akk., sese in fugam, Fersengeld geben, Cic. Verr. 4, 95: se in casum irrevocabilem, Liv.: se rempublicamque in casus, Tac. – m. ad u. Akt., se ad lenitatem, Milde eintreten lassen, Cic. ep. 13, 1, 4.5) sich in etw., bes. in ein Verhältnis einlassen, in etw. eintreten, treten, dare se in sermonem, Comic. fr. bei Cic.: familiariter se in eorum sermonem insinuare ac dare, Cic.: dare se in consuetudinem sic, ut etc., Cic.: bene penitus in istius familiaritatem sese dare, Cic.: u. dare alci se in adoptionem, sich von jmd. adoptieren lassen, Suet.6) sich einer Sache ergeben, hingeben, widmen,————sich an etw. machen, sich auf etw. legen, α) m. Dat., se labori et itineribus, Cic.: se duritiae, Nep.: se rei familiari vitaeque rusticae, Cic.: se voluptatibus, Turpil. fr. u. Cic.: se iucunditati, Cic.: se historiae, Cic.: se philosophiae, Capit.: se huic generi litterarum, Cic.: se auctoritati senatus, das A. des S. zu sördern suchen, Cic.: mit prädik. Acc. eines Adi., se totos libidinibus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 72: des Gerundivi, non se luxu neque inertiae corrumpendum dare, Sall. Iug. 6, 1. – β) m. in u. Akk., in eam exercitationem ita se studiose, ut etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 7. – γ) m. ad u. Akk., se ad συντάξεις, Cic. ad Att. 15, 14, 1. – bes. m. ad u. Akk. des Gerundii u. Gerundivi, se ad docendum, Cic.: se ad ius respondendum, Cic.: se ad defendendos homines, Cic.: se non modo ad legendos libros, sed etiam ad totam philosophiam pertractandam, Cic.7) dare se m. prädik. Acc., α) eines Subst., sich hergeben zu usw., temeritatis me omnium potius socium (zum G.) quam unius prudentiae dedi, Liv. 6, 24, 9. – β) eines Adi., sich so u. so zeigen, dare se facilem, Ter.: se alci hilarum, Plaut.: se alci placidum, Ov.8) dare se m. Adv., a) v. Pers., sich so u. so geben, -halten, -benehmen, mirum ni ego me turpiter hodie hic dabo, mich blamiere, Ter. eun. 230: usque quaque, inquis, se Domitii male dant, bringen uns Unglück, Cael. in Cic. ep. 8, 15, 2. – b) v. Lebl., sich————so u. so machen, sich so u. so gestalten, ut se initia dederint perscribat, Cic. ad Att. 3, 23, 5: omnibus nobis ut res dant sese, ita etc., Ter. Hec. 380: ita dat se res, ut operam dabit, Enn. fr. scen. 269: eaque ferme se dedēre melius consultoribus quam etc., *Afran. com. 332: multa adeo gelidā melius se nocte dedēre, macht sich (wird getan) vorteilhafter, Verg. georg. 1, 287: omnibus feliciter hic locus se dedit, kam glücklich zustatten, Sen. ep. 79, 5: negotia ingentia nec se dant facile et etc., Sen. de ira 3, 7, 1.II) von sich geben, A) eig.: 1) aus sich hervorgeben, castum cruorem, vergießen, Ov.: u. so lacrimas, Tr. vergießen, weinen, Ov.: ore colores, strahlen lassen, Verg.: v. Lebl., ara dabat fumos, ließ aufsteigen, Ov.2) Töne od. Worte von sich geben, a) Töne von sich geben, hören-, verlauten-, vernehmen lassen, sonum, Verg.: sonitum, Lucr. u. Ov.: fragorem, Ov.: balatus, Hyg.; mugitum, mugitus, Ov.: plausum, Cic. u. Hor.: clamorem, Verg.: cantus, Verg.: Phrygios modos, Ov.: gemitum u. gemitus, Ov.: sibila vibratā linguā, Ov.: felices cantus ore sonante, Tibull.b) Worte von sich geben, hören-, vernehmen lassen, lingua vix tales icto dedit aëre voces, hauchte kaum hörbar solcherlei Worte, Ov.: talia dicta dabat (dedit), er ließ sich also vernehmen, Verg. u. Ov.: u. so haec dicta dabat, Liv.————3) in Worten von sich geben, a) angeben, anzeigen, mitteilen, nennen, sagen, berichten, erzählen, ipsa quod res dedit ac docuit nos, Lucr.: cum auctoribus hoc dedi, quibus dignius credi est, Liv.: unum da mihi ex oratoribus illis, qui dicat etc., Cic. – m. dopp. Acc., qualem te fama dabat videmus, Val. Flacc. 5, 506. – m. folg. inoir. Fragesatz, da, si grave non est, quae prima iratum ventrem placaverit esca, Hor.: sed tamen iste qui deus sit, da nobis, Verg.: da, dea, quem sciter, Ov.: nunc quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo, Ter.: immo etiam dabo, quo (damit du) magis credas, Ter.: m. Acc. u. mit indir. Fragesatz, dabis igitur tribunatum (das Jahr des Tr.) et, si poteris, Tubulus quo crimine (sc. accusatus fuerit), Cic. ad Att. 12, 5, 3. – datur mit folg. Nom. u. Infin., Aeneas eripuisse datur, Ov. fast. 6, 434 M. (Riese ferunt): quis tot templa, tot aras promeruisse datur, Stat. silv. 3, 3, 80; u. so auch Stat. Theb. 7, 315; 11, 572. Claud. rapt. Pros. 3, 337.b) mündlich verbreiten, hic primo sensim temptantium animos sermo per totam civitatem est datus, Liv. 2, 2, 4: sceleris data fama per urbes finitimas, Stat. Theb. 3, 10: inde dato passim varias rumore per urbes, Stat. Ach. 2, 352.c) mündlich geben, erteilen, lehren, dare alci consilium, Ter., Cic. u.a. (s. consilium no. II, b, S. 1531): dare (alci) responsum, Cic., Hor. u.a.: dare————(alci) praecepta, Cic. u.a. (s. praeceptum das Nähere): alci haec promissa, Catull.: dare testimonium, s. testimonium: dare legem, leges, s. lex: dare ius, iura, s. ius: alci fidem, s. fides (= Wort, Versprechen, sicheres Geleit; versch. alci rei fidem dare, Glauben verschaffen, bestätigen, s. fides = Glaubwürdigkeit). – dah. als t.t., α) ein Orakel, eine Weissagung geben, abgeben, erteilen, sortem, Ov. u. Suet.: oracula, Spart.: data dictio erat, caveret etc., Liv.: prägn., data fata, das (durch das Orakel) verheißene Geschick, Verg. Aen. 1, 382. – β) als jurist. t.t., dare alci diem, Frist geben, Plin. ep. 3, 9, 32. – dare litem secundum alqm, den Prozeß zugunsten jmds. entscheiden, Cic. u. Liv.: u. so bl. dare secundum alqm, zugunsten jmds. entscheiden, Sen. rhet. u.a. – γ) als geschäftl. t.t., dare rationem, Rechnung ablegen, Plaut. u. Cic.: übtr., dare rationem alcis rei, von etwas Rechenschaft geben, Plaut. u. Cornif. rhet.d) als milit. u. publiz. t.t., anmelden, melden, nomen dare, sich melden, v. Soldaten zum Kriegsdienst, Cic. u.a., von neuen Kolonisten, Plaut, u. Liv., u. zu andern Diensten, Tac. (s. nomen das Nähere).4) schaffend hervorbringen, a) erzeugen, α) v. leb. Wesen, αα) leb. Wesen: geminam partu prolem, Verg.: fetus, Tibull.: liberos, Catull.: progeniem vitiosiorem, Hor.: Augustos multos de se daturum, Treb.————Poll. – ββ) lebl. Objj., entstehen lassen, non fumum ex fulgore, sed ex fumo lucem, Hor. de art. poët. 143. – β) v. Lebl., hervorbringen, erzeugen, entstehen lassen, aus sich liefern, quod sol atque imbres dederant, Lucr.: tellus dedit ferarum ingentia corpora partu, Lucr.: terra fabas tantum duraque farra dabat, Ov.: cum segetes occat tibi mox frumenta daturas, Hor.: quercus singulos ramos a frutice dedit (trieb), Suet.b) machen, bilden, α) im engern Sinne: cuneum, Verg.: sinum in medio, Liv.: gremium (v. der Erde), Mela: locum, Platz machen (Raum geben), Ov.: viam, einen Weg bahnen, Platz machen, Plaut., alci, Liv. u. Curt. – β) im weitern Sinne, umschreibend, αα) m. Objj., die den Begriff einer Bewegung enthalten, machen, tun, si quid proprio dat corpore motus, Lucr.: nullos audet dare corpore motus, wagt nicht sich zu rühren, Ov.: haud indecoros motus more Tusco dabant, Liv.: longos dat corpore tortus, krümmt sich in langen Windungen, Verg.: amplexus od. complexus d., umarmen, auch alci (jmd.), Ov.: dare saltum, Ov., dare undique saltus, Ov., in aëra saltus, Ov.: dare fugam, die Flucht ergreifen, Verg.: cursum in medios, eilen, stürmen, Verg.: impetum, Liv., impetum od. impetus in alqm, Liv.: impressionem, Liv. – ββ) m. Partiz. Perf. (f. Brix Plaut. capt. 342. Spengel Ter. Andr. 683), alqd effectum dare, Plaut.:————perfectum hoc negotium, Plaut.: iam hoc tibi inventum dabo, Ter.: sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum etc., will so niederstrecken, Liv. 8, 6, 6: te mea dextra bello defensum dabit, wird dir Schutz gewähren im Kr., Verg. Aen. 12, 437: hanc mactatam victimam legatorum manibus dabo, will ich fällen als Sühnopfer für usw., Liv. 4, 19, 3. – γγ) m. Gerundiv, ego mecum hostium legiones mactandas Telluri et diis manibus dabo, will zum Sühnopfer für die T. usw. machen, Liv. 10, 28, 13. – δδ) m. prädik. Adi., anni multi me dubiam danunt, Plaut. Epid. 544: cautumque dabant exempla sequentem, Claud. IV. cons. Hon. 77. – alterum geminata victoria ferocem in certamen tertium dabat, Liv. 1, 25, 11.B) übtr.: 1) von sich geben, ablegen, geben, documentum dare m. folg. Akk. u. Infin., Liv.: documenta dare m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Cic. u. Liv.: documenta sui dare, Curt.. legis in se documenta dare, Iustin.: u. so dare exemplum, ex-perimenfcum, specimen, w.s. – 2) geben, schaffen, verschaffen, beibringen, einflößen, animos (Mut), Ov.: spiritus, Liv.: vires, s. vis: spem, s. spes: suspicionem, s. suspicio: eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod etc., er könne sich um so weniger bedenken, sei vollkommen entschieden, Caes. – 3) bringen, bereiten, machen, verursachen, veranlassen, alci tussim, Catull.: risus, risus iocosque, Stoff geben zu usw., Hor.: sonitum,————ein Geräusch erregen, Verg.: alci somnum, Hor.: alci curas, Cornif. rhet.: damnum, malum, ruinam, stragem u. dgl., w.s.: funera, Verg.: alci dolorem, Cic.: proelio od. bello finem, ein Ende machen, Eutr.: finem animae, ein Ende bereiten, Iuven..: causam bello, Veranlassung zum Kr. geben, Eutr. – 4) machen, bewirken, m. Infin., dat posse moveri, Ov. met. 11, 177: sed haec vetusta dent recordari, quemadmodum etc., Mamert. pan. Iulian. 19, 3.⇒ Nbf. dano, ere, wov. danunt, Naev. b. Pun. 4. fr. 4. Plaut, capt. 819 u.ö. Caecil. com. 176. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1175; vgl. Paul. ex Fest. 68, 12. Non. 97, 14. – Archaist. Konj. Präs. duas, duat, Plaut. – archaist. Konj. Präs. duim, duis, duit, duint, Trag. u. Comic. vett., Cato u.a.; vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 Bd. 3. S. 311 u. 312 u. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 224 u. 225 u. (für Terenz) Spengel Ter. Andr. 666. – Archaist. Imperat. duitor, XII tabb. bei Plin. 21, 7 D. (wo Schöll XII tabb. X, 7 arduitur). – Synkop. Formen dan = dasne, Plaut. asin. 671 u. truc. 373: datin = datisne. Plaut. Curc. 311; truc. 631: dabin = dabisne, Plaut. Bacch. 883; Pseud. 536 u. 1078. – Apokop. Form dedistin = dedistine, Plaut. Curc. 345; trin. 127 u. 129 – Archaist. Infin. Präs. Pass. darei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 205 sq. u.ö. – Parag. Infin. Präs. Pass. darier, Lex vet. bei Fest. 189 (a), 14. – Nach Diom. 379, 25 ist. Pers. Präs. Pass. dor————selten, nach Macr. de diff. 23, 8 gar nicht gebräuchlich. -
7 ac
atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).I.In joining single words, which is its most common use.A.In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)1.The form atque.a.Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):b.sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):2.Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):B.sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—Esp.a.In a hendiadys:b.utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).(α).Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:(β).Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—With adeo, and that too, and even:(γ).intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—With etiam:(δ).id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—With the dem. pron. hic, is:II.negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—In comparisons.A.Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:B.si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:C.illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;D.once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;E.in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):F.nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:G.amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:III.principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.a.Absol.:b.Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—With potius:IV.Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —In connecting clauses and beginning periods.1.In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:2.atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.a.Absol.:b.maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —Often with etiam:c.Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—Sometimes with quoque:d.Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—3.In narration:4.aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):5.Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—In connecting two acts or events.a.In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;b. (α).ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—Absol.:(β).si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—With ita or sic:c.Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):6.non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:7.Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—In expressing a wish, atque utinam:8.Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.a.Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;b.atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—With tamen:9.nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;10.... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).a.A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:b.Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—A positive purpose:11.Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:b.atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—In introducing parentheses:c.vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:V.Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—In particular connections and phrases.A.Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:B.unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—Etiam atque etiam. again and again:C.temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—D.Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:E.atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:F.Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—With other conjunctions.1.After et:2.equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:3.submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—Before et:4.caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):G.nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:a.In the second place:b.Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—In the third place:quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.) -
8 adque
atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).I.In joining single words, which is its most common use.A.In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)1.The form atque.a.Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):b.sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):2.Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):B.sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—Esp.a.In a hendiadys:b.utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).(α).Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:(β).Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—With adeo, and that too, and even:(γ).intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—With etiam:(δ).id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—With the dem. pron. hic, is:II.negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—In comparisons.A.Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:B.si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:C.illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;D.once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;E.in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):F.nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:G.amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:III.principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.a.Absol.:b.Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—With potius:IV.Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —In connecting clauses and beginning periods.1.In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:2.atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.a.Absol.:b.maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —Often with etiam:c.Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—Sometimes with quoque:d.Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—3.In narration:4.aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):5.Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—In connecting two acts or events.a.In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;b. (α).ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—Absol.:(β).si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—With ita or sic:c.Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):6.non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:7.Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—In expressing a wish, atque utinam:8.Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.a.Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;b.atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—With tamen:9.nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;10.... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).a.A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:b.Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—A positive purpose:11.Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:b.atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—In introducing parentheses:c.vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:V.Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—In particular connections and phrases.A.Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:B.unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—Etiam atque etiam. again and again:C.temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—D.Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:E.atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:F.Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—With other conjunctions.1.After et:2.equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:3.submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—Before et:4.caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):G.nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:a.In the second place:b.Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—In the third place:quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.) -
9 atque
atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).I.In joining single words, which is its most common use.A.In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)1.The form atque.a.Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):b.sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):2.Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):B.sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—Esp.a.In a hendiadys:b.utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).(α).Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:(β).Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—With adeo, and that too, and even:(γ).intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—With etiam:(δ).id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—With the dem. pron. hic, is:II.negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—In comparisons.A.Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:B.si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:C.illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;D.once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;E.in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):F.nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:G.amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:III.principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.a.Absol.:b.Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—With potius:IV.Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —In connecting clauses and beginning periods.1.In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:2.atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.a.Absol.:b.maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —Often with etiam:c.Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—Sometimes with quoque:d.Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—3.In narration:4.aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):5.Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—In connecting two acts or events.a.In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;b. (α).ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—Absol.:(β).si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—With ita or sic:c.Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):6.non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:7.Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—In expressing a wish, atque utinam:8.Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.a.Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;b.atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—With tamen:9.nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;10.... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).a.A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:b.Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—A positive purpose:11.Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:b.atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—In introducing parentheses:c.vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:V.Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—In particular connections and phrases.A.Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:B.unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—Etiam atque etiam. again and again:C.temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—D.Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:E.atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:F.Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—With other conjunctions.1.After et:2.equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:3.submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—Before et:4.caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):G.nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:a.In the second place:b.Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—In the third place:quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.) -
10 contra
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
11 contra dicta
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
12 Honor
hŏnor or hŏnos (the latter form almost exclusively in Cic., who has honor only Phil. 9, 6 fin., and Fragm. pro Tull. 21; also in Caes., Liv., Sall., Prop., Verg., Nep., and Curt.; but honor in Sen., Vell., Ov.; and Hor. and Tac. use both forms. Honos was antiquated in Quintilian's day, v. Quint. 1, 4, 13; Neue, Formenl. 1, 168 sq.), ōris (archaic gen. honorus, like venerus, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, n. 7), m. [perh. Sanscr. hu-, call], honor, repute, esteem in which a person or thing is held.I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem, qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur. Qui autem occasione aliqua etiam invitis suis civibus nactus est imperium, hunc nomen honoris adeptum, non honorem puto,
Cic. Brut. 81, 281; cf.:is autem, qui vere appellari potest honos, non invitamentum ad tempus, sed perpetuae virtutis est praemium,
id. Fam. 10, 10, 1 sq.:honos alit artes omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria,
id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4;so with gloria,
id. Part. 24, 87: si honos is fuit, majorem tibi habere non [p. 862] potui, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:quanto et honor hic illo est amplior, etc.,
id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:gratia, dignitate, honore auctus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 8:amplissimis honoribus et praemiis decorari... honos maximus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232:ut eum amplissimo regis honore et nomine affeceris,
id. Deiot. 5, 14:aliquem praecipuo honore habere,
Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:suum cuique honorem et gradum reddere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:apud eum sunt in honore et in pretio,
id. ib. 28, 77; Caes. B. C. 3, 61, 1; so with in:in honore magno esse,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30:summo in honore,
id. de Or. 1, 55, 235; id. Off. 2, 19, 65:tanto in honore,
id. Tusc. 2, 2, 4; Caes. B. C. 1, 77, 2; 3, 47, 7; Liv. 42, 6, 12; but without in:Jovem autem quanto honore in suo templo fuisse arbitramini,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:(Druides) magno sunt apud eos honore,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 5, 54, 5; Liv. 1, 40, 1; Tac. A. 14, 6; id. H. 1, 6, 4:honorem accipere,
Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:honorem huic generi (i. e. poëtis) non fuisse declarat oratio Catonis,
id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:honori summo nostro Miloni fuit qui P. Clodii conatus compressit,
id. Off. 2, 17, 58; cf.:quod (i. e. medium ex tribus sedere) apud Numidas honori ducitur,
Sall. J. 11, 3:rite suum Baccho dicemus honorem,
honor, praise, Verg. G. 2, 393: tanto ille vobis quam mihi pejorem honorem habuit, worse honor, i. e. greater dishonor or disgrace, Q. Metell. ap. Gell. 12, 9, 4; cf.:exsilii honor,
i. e. honorable exile, Tac. H. 1, 21.—Personified:tute pone te latebis facile, ne inveniat te honos,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. things, honor, esteem, value:physicae quoque non sine causa tributus idem est honos,
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:ornatus ille admirabilis, propter quem ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,
id. Or. 36, 125:multa renascentur quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus,
Hor. A. P. 71:apud antiquos piscium nobilissimus habitus acipenser nullo in honore est,
Plin. 9, 17, 27, § 60; 19, 6, 32, § 104:vino Pramnio etiam nunc honos durat,
id. 14, 4, 6, § 54 al. —In partic.1.Public honor, official dignity, office, post, preferment (cf. munus):2.ita quaestor sum factus, ut mihi honorem illum tum non solum datum, sed etiam creditum ac commissum putem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:ille honoris gradus,
id. Sull. 29, 82:equites Romanos in tribunicium restituit honorem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 77 fin.:extraordinarium honorem appetere,
id. ib. 1, 32, 2:hic ipse honos (sc. dictatura), delatus ad me, testis est innocentiae meae,
Liv. 9, 26, 14:curulem adferri sellam eo jussit (Flavius) ac sede honoris sui inimicos spectavit,
id. 9, 46, 9:honore abiit,
Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:deposito honore,
id. ib. 36:paene honore summotus est,
id. Claud. 9:honor municipalis est administratio rei publicae cum dignitatis gradu, sive cum sumtu, sive sine erogatione contingens,
Dig. 50, 4, 14 pr.: honorem aut magistratum gerere, Gai Inst. 1, 96:clari velamen honoris sufficiunt tunicae summis aedilibus albae,
Juv. 3, 178:tempus honoris,
the term of office, id. 8, 150:honorem militiae largiri,
military honors, id. 7, 88.—In plur.:populum Romanum hominibus novis industriis libenter honores mandare semperque mandasse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81; cf.:qui (populus) stultus honores Saepe dat indignis,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 15:ascendisset ad honores, nisi, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 68, 241:honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis perfungi,
id. Fam. 1, 8, 3:obrepisti ad honores errore hominum,
id. Pis. 1, 1:Catulus maximis honoribus usus,
Sall. C. 49, 2:magistratus atque honores capere,
Suet. Aug. 26:largiri opes, honores,
Tac. A. 11, 12.—Particular phrases.a.Honoris causa.(α).Out of respect, in order to show honor (class.):(β).C. Curio, quem ego hominem honoris potius quam contumeliae causa nominatum volo,
Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 18:quem honoris causa nomino,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:toties hunc et virum bonum esse dixisti et honoris causa appellasti,
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:Campanis equitum honoris causa, civitas sine suffragio data,
Liv. 8, 14, 10; 32, 34, 8; 39, 22, 2.—For the sake of (ante-class.):b.ejus honoris causa, feci thensaurum ut hic reperiret Euclio,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 25: mei honoris causa mittere coquos, id. ib. 3, 4, 4:huc honoris vostri venio gratia,
id. Am. 3, 1, 7; id. Stich. 2, 2, 14:vestri honoris causa,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35.—Praefari or dicere honorem, to make an excuse in saying any thing that may be distasteful = by your leave or saving your presence:3.si dicimus: ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur. Sin de Aurelia aliquid aut Lollia, honos. praefandus est,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4;for which: haec sunt quae retulisse fas sit, ac pleraque ex his non nisi honore dicto,
Plin. 28, 8, 24, § 87; cf.also: honos auribus sit,
i. e. pardon the expression, Curt. 5, 1, 22.—Personified, Hŏnor or Hŏnos, as a deity whose temple adjoined that of Virtus, and who was worshipped with uncovered head, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121; id. Sest. 54, 116; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58; Val. Max. 1, 1, 8; Liv. 27, 25, 7 sqq.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 21; Inscr. Orell. 543.II.Transf.A.Concr., any thing given as a mark of honor, an honorary gift, a reward, acknowledgment, recompense, fee; a sacrifice; funeral rites; a legacy, etc. (mostly poet. and since the Aug. period):B.Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui,... honori posterorum tuorum ut vindex fieres,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 18:Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur et tibi daret quod opus esset,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 22:geminum pugnae proponit honorem,
Verg. A. 5, 365:nil victor honoris Ex opibus posco,
Sil. 9, 199:dicite, Pierides, quonam donetur honore Neaera,
Tib. 3, 1, 5:nec Telamon sine honore recessit Hesioneque data potitur,
Ov. M. 11, 216:arae sacrificiis fument, honore, donis cumulentur,
Liv. 8, 33, 21:divūm templis indicit honorem,
Verg. A. 1, 632; Ov. F. 4, 409:nullos aris adoleret honores,
id. M. 8, 742:meritos aris mactavit honores,
Verg. A. 3, 118:honore sepulturae carere,
Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; id. Inv. 1, 55, 108:cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentes Leucaspim, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 333; cf. Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 45:mille viri, qui supremum comitentur honorem,
Verg. A. 11, 61:solutus honos cineri,
Val. Fl. 3, 357:honorem habere alicui,
Curt. 3, 12, 13:omnem honorem funeri servare,
id. 4, 10, 23:communem sepulturae honorem alicui tribuere,
Suet. Aug. 17:nec enim quaerimus, cui acquiratur, sed cui honos habitus est,
the honorary legacy, Dig. 37, 5, 3; 32, 1, 11:sepulturae honore spoliatus,
Val. Max. 4, 7, 1; 9, 8, 1 fin.; cf.:supremitatis honor,
Amm. 31, 13:supremus condicionis humanae honos,
Val. Max. 6, 3, 1.—Objectively, a quality that brings honor or consideration, an ornament, grace, charm, beauty ( poet.):C.silvis Aquilo decussit honorem,
Verg. G. 2, 404:December silvis honorem decutit,
Hor. Epod. 11, 6; cf.:populeus cui frondis honor,
Val. Fl. 6, 296:notus in vultus honor,
Hor. Epod. 17, 18; Stat. Th. 10, 788.—In plur.:laetos oculis afflārat honores,
Verg. A. 1, 591; cf. Sil. 12, 244:hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 16:nullum ver usquam nullique aestatis honores,
Sil. 3, 487.—A magistrate, office-holder:sed cum summus honor finito computet anno, sportula quid referat,
Juv. 1, 117; cf. v. 110. -
13 honor
hŏnor or hŏnos (the latter form almost exclusively in Cic., who has honor only Phil. 9, 6 fin., and Fragm. pro Tull. 21; also in Caes., Liv., Sall., Prop., Verg., Nep., and Curt.; but honor in Sen., Vell., Ov.; and Hor. and Tac. use both forms. Honos was antiquated in Quintilian's day, v. Quint. 1, 4, 13; Neue, Formenl. 1, 168 sq.), ōris (archaic gen. honorus, like venerus, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, n. 7), m. [perh. Sanscr. hu-, call], honor, repute, esteem in which a person or thing is held.I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem, qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur. Qui autem occasione aliqua etiam invitis suis civibus nactus est imperium, hunc nomen honoris adeptum, non honorem puto,
Cic. Brut. 81, 281; cf.:is autem, qui vere appellari potest honos, non invitamentum ad tempus, sed perpetuae virtutis est praemium,
id. Fam. 10, 10, 1 sq.:honos alit artes omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria,
id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4;so with gloria,
id. Part. 24, 87: si honos is fuit, majorem tibi habere non [p. 862] potui, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:quanto et honor hic illo est amplior, etc.,
id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:gratia, dignitate, honore auctus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 8:amplissimis honoribus et praemiis decorari... honos maximus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232:ut eum amplissimo regis honore et nomine affeceris,
id. Deiot. 5, 14:aliquem praecipuo honore habere,
Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:suum cuique honorem et gradum reddere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:apud eum sunt in honore et in pretio,
id. ib. 28, 77; Caes. B. C. 3, 61, 1; so with in:in honore magno esse,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30:summo in honore,
id. de Or. 1, 55, 235; id. Off. 2, 19, 65:tanto in honore,
id. Tusc. 2, 2, 4; Caes. B. C. 1, 77, 2; 3, 47, 7; Liv. 42, 6, 12; but without in:Jovem autem quanto honore in suo templo fuisse arbitramini,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:(Druides) magno sunt apud eos honore,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 5, 54, 5; Liv. 1, 40, 1; Tac. A. 14, 6; id. H. 1, 6, 4:honorem accipere,
Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:honorem huic generi (i. e. poëtis) non fuisse declarat oratio Catonis,
id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:honori summo nostro Miloni fuit qui P. Clodii conatus compressit,
id. Off. 2, 17, 58; cf.:quod (i. e. medium ex tribus sedere) apud Numidas honori ducitur,
Sall. J. 11, 3:rite suum Baccho dicemus honorem,
honor, praise, Verg. G. 2, 393: tanto ille vobis quam mihi pejorem honorem habuit, worse honor, i. e. greater dishonor or disgrace, Q. Metell. ap. Gell. 12, 9, 4; cf.:exsilii honor,
i. e. honorable exile, Tac. H. 1, 21.—Personified:tute pone te latebis facile, ne inveniat te honos,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. things, honor, esteem, value:physicae quoque non sine causa tributus idem est honos,
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:ornatus ille admirabilis, propter quem ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,
id. Or. 36, 125:multa renascentur quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus,
Hor. A. P. 71:apud antiquos piscium nobilissimus habitus acipenser nullo in honore est,
Plin. 9, 17, 27, § 60; 19, 6, 32, § 104:vino Pramnio etiam nunc honos durat,
id. 14, 4, 6, § 54 al. —In partic.1.Public honor, official dignity, office, post, preferment (cf. munus):2.ita quaestor sum factus, ut mihi honorem illum tum non solum datum, sed etiam creditum ac commissum putem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:ille honoris gradus,
id. Sull. 29, 82:equites Romanos in tribunicium restituit honorem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 77 fin.:extraordinarium honorem appetere,
id. ib. 1, 32, 2:hic ipse honos (sc. dictatura), delatus ad me, testis est innocentiae meae,
Liv. 9, 26, 14:curulem adferri sellam eo jussit (Flavius) ac sede honoris sui inimicos spectavit,
id. 9, 46, 9:honore abiit,
Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:deposito honore,
id. ib. 36:paene honore summotus est,
id. Claud. 9:honor municipalis est administratio rei publicae cum dignitatis gradu, sive cum sumtu, sive sine erogatione contingens,
Dig. 50, 4, 14 pr.: honorem aut magistratum gerere, Gai Inst. 1, 96:clari velamen honoris sufficiunt tunicae summis aedilibus albae,
Juv. 3, 178:tempus honoris,
the term of office, id. 8, 150:honorem militiae largiri,
military honors, id. 7, 88.—In plur.:populum Romanum hominibus novis industriis libenter honores mandare semperque mandasse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81; cf.:qui (populus) stultus honores Saepe dat indignis,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 15:ascendisset ad honores, nisi, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 68, 241:honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis perfungi,
id. Fam. 1, 8, 3:obrepisti ad honores errore hominum,
id. Pis. 1, 1:Catulus maximis honoribus usus,
Sall. C. 49, 2:magistratus atque honores capere,
Suet. Aug. 26:largiri opes, honores,
Tac. A. 11, 12.—Particular phrases.a.Honoris causa.(α).Out of respect, in order to show honor (class.):(β).C. Curio, quem ego hominem honoris potius quam contumeliae causa nominatum volo,
Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 18:quem honoris causa nomino,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:toties hunc et virum bonum esse dixisti et honoris causa appellasti,
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:Campanis equitum honoris causa, civitas sine suffragio data,
Liv. 8, 14, 10; 32, 34, 8; 39, 22, 2.—For the sake of (ante-class.):b.ejus honoris causa, feci thensaurum ut hic reperiret Euclio,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 25: mei honoris causa mittere coquos, id. ib. 3, 4, 4:huc honoris vostri venio gratia,
id. Am. 3, 1, 7; id. Stich. 2, 2, 14:vestri honoris causa,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35.—Praefari or dicere honorem, to make an excuse in saying any thing that may be distasteful = by your leave or saving your presence:3.si dicimus: ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur. Sin de Aurelia aliquid aut Lollia, honos. praefandus est,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4;for which: haec sunt quae retulisse fas sit, ac pleraque ex his non nisi honore dicto,
Plin. 28, 8, 24, § 87; cf.also: honos auribus sit,
i. e. pardon the expression, Curt. 5, 1, 22.—Personified, Hŏnor or Hŏnos, as a deity whose temple adjoined that of Virtus, and who was worshipped with uncovered head, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121; id. Sest. 54, 116; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58; Val. Max. 1, 1, 8; Liv. 27, 25, 7 sqq.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 21; Inscr. Orell. 543.II.Transf.A.Concr., any thing given as a mark of honor, an honorary gift, a reward, acknowledgment, recompense, fee; a sacrifice; funeral rites; a legacy, etc. (mostly poet. and since the Aug. period):B.Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui,... honori posterorum tuorum ut vindex fieres,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 18:Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur et tibi daret quod opus esset,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 22:geminum pugnae proponit honorem,
Verg. A. 5, 365:nil victor honoris Ex opibus posco,
Sil. 9, 199:dicite, Pierides, quonam donetur honore Neaera,
Tib. 3, 1, 5:nec Telamon sine honore recessit Hesioneque data potitur,
Ov. M. 11, 216:arae sacrificiis fument, honore, donis cumulentur,
Liv. 8, 33, 21:divūm templis indicit honorem,
Verg. A. 1, 632; Ov. F. 4, 409:nullos aris adoleret honores,
id. M. 8, 742:meritos aris mactavit honores,
Verg. A. 3, 118:honore sepulturae carere,
Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; id. Inv. 1, 55, 108:cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentes Leucaspim, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 333; cf. Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 45:mille viri, qui supremum comitentur honorem,
Verg. A. 11, 61:solutus honos cineri,
Val. Fl. 3, 357:honorem habere alicui,
Curt. 3, 12, 13:omnem honorem funeri servare,
id. 4, 10, 23:communem sepulturae honorem alicui tribuere,
Suet. Aug. 17:nec enim quaerimus, cui acquiratur, sed cui honos habitus est,
the honorary legacy, Dig. 37, 5, 3; 32, 1, 11:sepulturae honore spoliatus,
Val. Max. 4, 7, 1; 9, 8, 1 fin.; cf.:supremitatis honor,
Amm. 31, 13:supremus condicionis humanae honos,
Val. Max. 6, 3, 1.—Objectively, a quality that brings honor or consideration, an ornament, grace, charm, beauty ( poet.):C.silvis Aquilo decussit honorem,
Verg. G. 2, 404:December silvis honorem decutit,
Hor. Epod. 11, 6; cf.:populeus cui frondis honor,
Val. Fl. 6, 296:notus in vultus honor,
Hor. Epod. 17, 18; Stat. Th. 10, 788.—In plur.:laetos oculis afflārat honores,
Verg. A. 1, 591; cf. Sil. 12, 244:hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 16:nullum ver usquam nullique aestatis honores,
Sil. 3, 487.—A magistrate, office-holder:sed cum summus honor finito computet anno, sportula quid referat,
Juv. 1, 117; cf. v. 110. -
14 Honos
hŏnor or hŏnos (the latter form almost exclusively in Cic., who has honor only Phil. 9, 6 fin., and Fragm. pro Tull. 21; also in Caes., Liv., Sall., Prop., Verg., Nep., and Curt.; but honor in Sen., Vell., Ov.; and Hor. and Tac. use both forms. Honos was antiquated in Quintilian's day, v. Quint. 1, 4, 13; Neue, Formenl. 1, 168 sq.), ōris (archaic gen. honorus, like venerus, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, n. 7), m. [perh. Sanscr. hu-, call], honor, repute, esteem in which a person or thing is held.I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem, qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur. Qui autem occasione aliqua etiam invitis suis civibus nactus est imperium, hunc nomen honoris adeptum, non honorem puto,
Cic. Brut. 81, 281; cf.:is autem, qui vere appellari potest honos, non invitamentum ad tempus, sed perpetuae virtutis est praemium,
id. Fam. 10, 10, 1 sq.:honos alit artes omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria,
id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4;so with gloria,
id. Part. 24, 87: si honos is fuit, majorem tibi habere non [p. 862] potui, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:quanto et honor hic illo est amplior, etc.,
id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:gratia, dignitate, honore auctus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 8:amplissimis honoribus et praemiis decorari... honos maximus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232:ut eum amplissimo regis honore et nomine affeceris,
id. Deiot. 5, 14:aliquem praecipuo honore habere,
Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:suum cuique honorem et gradum reddere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:apud eum sunt in honore et in pretio,
id. ib. 28, 77; Caes. B. C. 3, 61, 1; so with in:in honore magno esse,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30:summo in honore,
id. de Or. 1, 55, 235; id. Off. 2, 19, 65:tanto in honore,
id. Tusc. 2, 2, 4; Caes. B. C. 1, 77, 2; 3, 47, 7; Liv. 42, 6, 12; but without in:Jovem autem quanto honore in suo templo fuisse arbitramini,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:(Druides) magno sunt apud eos honore,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 5, 54, 5; Liv. 1, 40, 1; Tac. A. 14, 6; id. H. 1, 6, 4:honorem accipere,
Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:honorem huic generi (i. e. poëtis) non fuisse declarat oratio Catonis,
id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:honori summo nostro Miloni fuit qui P. Clodii conatus compressit,
id. Off. 2, 17, 58; cf.:quod (i. e. medium ex tribus sedere) apud Numidas honori ducitur,
Sall. J. 11, 3:rite suum Baccho dicemus honorem,
honor, praise, Verg. G. 2, 393: tanto ille vobis quam mihi pejorem honorem habuit, worse honor, i. e. greater dishonor or disgrace, Q. Metell. ap. Gell. 12, 9, 4; cf.:exsilii honor,
i. e. honorable exile, Tac. H. 1, 21.—Personified:tute pone te latebis facile, ne inveniat te honos,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. things, honor, esteem, value:physicae quoque non sine causa tributus idem est honos,
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:ornatus ille admirabilis, propter quem ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,
id. Or. 36, 125:multa renascentur quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus,
Hor. A. P. 71:apud antiquos piscium nobilissimus habitus acipenser nullo in honore est,
Plin. 9, 17, 27, § 60; 19, 6, 32, § 104:vino Pramnio etiam nunc honos durat,
id. 14, 4, 6, § 54 al. —In partic.1.Public honor, official dignity, office, post, preferment (cf. munus):2.ita quaestor sum factus, ut mihi honorem illum tum non solum datum, sed etiam creditum ac commissum putem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:ille honoris gradus,
id. Sull. 29, 82:equites Romanos in tribunicium restituit honorem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 77 fin.:extraordinarium honorem appetere,
id. ib. 1, 32, 2:hic ipse honos (sc. dictatura), delatus ad me, testis est innocentiae meae,
Liv. 9, 26, 14:curulem adferri sellam eo jussit (Flavius) ac sede honoris sui inimicos spectavit,
id. 9, 46, 9:honore abiit,
Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:deposito honore,
id. ib. 36:paene honore summotus est,
id. Claud. 9:honor municipalis est administratio rei publicae cum dignitatis gradu, sive cum sumtu, sive sine erogatione contingens,
Dig. 50, 4, 14 pr.: honorem aut magistratum gerere, Gai Inst. 1, 96:clari velamen honoris sufficiunt tunicae summis aedilibus albae,
Juv. 3, 178:tempus honoris,
the term of office, id. 8, 150:honorem militiae largiri,
military honors, id. 7, 88.—In plur.:populum Romanum hominibus novis industriis libenter honores mandare semperque mandasse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81; cf.:qui (populus) stultus honores Saepe dat indignis,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 15:ascendisset ad honores, nisi, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 68, 241:honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis perfungi,
id. Fam. 1, 8, 3:obrepisti ad honores errore hominum,
id. Pis. 1, 1:Catulus maximis honoribus usus,
Sall. C. 49, 2:magistratus atque honores capere,
Suet. Aug. 26:largiri opes, honores,
Tac. A. 11, 12.—Particular phrases.a.Honoris causa.(α).Out of respect, in order to show honor (class.):(β).C. Curio, quem ego hominem honoris potius quam contumeliae causa nominatum volo,
Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 18:quem honoris causa nomino,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:toties hunc et virum bonum esse dixisti et honoris causa appellasti,
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:Campanis equitum honoris causa, civitas sine suffragio data,
Liv. 8, 14, 10; 32, 34, 8; 39, 22, 2.—For the sake of (ante-class.):b.ejus honoris causa, feci thensaurum ut hic reperiret Euclio,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 25: mei honoris causa mittere coquos, id. ib. 3, 4, 4:huc honoris vostri venio gratia,
id. Am. 3, 1, 7; id. Stich. 2, 2, 14:vestri honoris causa,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35.—Praefari or dicere honorem, to make an excuse in saying any thing that may be distasteful = by your leave or saving your presence:3.si dicimus: ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur. Sin de Aurelia aliquid aut Lollia, honos. praefandus est,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4;for which: haec sunt quae retulisse fas sit, ac pleraque ex his non nisi honore dicto,
Plin. 28, 8, 24, § 87; cf.also: honos auribus sit,
i. e. pardon the expression, Curt. 5, 1, 22.—Personified, Hŏnor or Hŏnos, as a deity whose temple adjoined that of Virtus, and who was worshipped with uncovered head, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121; id. Sest. 54, 116; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58; Val. Max. 1, 1, 8; Liv. 27, 25, 7 sqq.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 21; Inscr. Orell. 543.II.Transf.A.Concr., any thing given as a mark of honor, an honorary gift, a reward, acknowledgment, recompense, fee; a sacrifice; funeral rites; a legacy, etc. (mostly poet. and since the Aug. period):B.Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui,... honori posterorum tuorum ut vindex fieres,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 18:Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur et tibi daret quod opus esset,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 22:geminum pugnae proponit honorem,
Verg. A. 5, 365:nil victor honoris Ex opibus posco,
Sil. 9, 199:dicite, Pierides, quonam donetur honore Neaera,
Tib. 3, 1, 5:nec Telamon sine honore recessit Hesioneque data potitur,
Ov. M. 11, 216:arae sacrificiis fument, honore, donis cumulentur,
Liv. 8, 33, 21:divūm templis indicit honorem,
Verg. A. 1, 632; Ov. F. 4, 409:nullos aris adoleret honores,
id. M. 8, 742:meritos aris mactavit honores,
Verg. A. 3, 118:honore sepulturae carere,
Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; id. Inv. 1, 55, 108:cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentes Leucaspim, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 333; cf. Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 45:mille viri, qui supremum comitentur honorem,
Verg. A. 11, 61:solutus honos cineri,
Val. Fl. 3, 357:honorem habere alicui,
Curt. 3, 12, 13:omnem honorem funeri servare,
id. 4, 10, 23:communem sepulturae honorem alicui tribuere,
Suet. Aug. 17:nec enim quaerimus, cui acquiratur, sed cui honos habitus est,
the honorary legacy, Dig. 37, 5, 3; 32, 1, 11:sepulturae honore spoliatus,
Val. Max. 4, 7, 1; 9, 8, 1 fin.; cf.:supremitatis honor,
Amm. 31, 13:supremus condicionis humanae honos,
Val. Max. 6, 3, 1.—Objectively, a quality that brings honor or consideration, an ornament, grace, charm, beauty ( poet.):C.silvis Aquilo decussit honorem,
Verg. G. 2, 404:December silvis honorem decutit,
Hor. Epod. 11, 6; cf.:populeus cui frondis honor,
Val. Fl. 6, 296:notus in vultus honor,
Hor. Epod. 17, 18; Stat. Th. 10, 788.—In plur.:laetos oculis afflārat honores,
Verg. A. 1, 591; cf. Sil. 12, 244:hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 16:nullum ver usquam nullique aestatis honores,
Sil. 3, 487.—A magistrate, office-holder:sed cum summus honor finito computet anno, sportula quid referat,
Juv. 1, 117; cf. v. 110. -
15 demum
dēmum (also demus, like prorsus, quorsus, rursus, deorsus, Liv. Andr. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 70, 8 Müll.; Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 51 Ritschl and Brix), adv. [a sup. form from de, downmost; cf.: sub, summus], used to give prominence to an idea in opposition to or restriction of another, at length, at last, not till then; just, precisely; only, etc.I.In Latin of every period and description of writing (for syn. cf.: tandem, denique, postremum, primo).A.Enclitically with pronouns, like adeo (but less freq.), just, precisely, especially, exactly, indeed; also translated by an emphasis of the pronoun:(β).id demum lepidumst,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 14; cf.:sic sentio, id demum aut potius id solum esse miserum, quod turpe sit,
Cic. Att. 8, 8 init.:idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,
Sall. C. 20, 4; cf. id. ib. 12 fin.:relinquere aculeum in audientium animis is demum potest, qui, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 18:tamquam ad eam linguam demum natus esset,
Quint. 6 prooem. §11: me fortuna hac demum voluit consistere terra,
Verg. A. 1, 629; cf. id. ib. 2, 743 al.:ille demum antiquis est adulescens moribus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 20:per quaedam parva sane, si ipsa demum aestimes, ducunt,
Quint. 1, 10, 5:vos demum, ut video, legem antiquastis sine tabella. Sed ego, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38 (but Bait. vos quidem):quae demum causae secundam valetudinem praestent, Cels. praef.: jam vero exsilium, si rerum naturam, non ignominiam nominis quaerimus, quantum demum a perpetua peregrinatione differt?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107:sciscitando eo demum pervenit, ut haud procul esset, quin Remum agnosceret,
Liv. 1, 5 fin. —Strengthened by a preceding verum enim vero, or a following profecto:(γ).verum enim vero id demum juvat, si quem, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 2; Sall. C. 2, 9; cf. Liv. 4, 4:is demum profecto vitam aequa lance pensitabit, etc.,
Plin. 7, 7, 5.—Separated from the pronoun:B.hoc est demum quod percrucior,
Plaut. Bac. 5, 1, 13:illa seges demum,
Verg. G. 1, 47.—Enclitically with the adverbs nunc, tum, or tunc, post, modo, jam, ibi, sic, etc.; just, precisely, not till; also freq. expressed by more strongly accenting those particles.—a.Nunc demum, Gr. nun dê, now, now at length, at last (cf.: nunc adeo, under 2. adeo, no. B. 2. c.):(β).nunc demum ego cum illa fabulabor libere,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 40;so with scio,
id. Epid. 3, 4, 22; id. Mil. 2, 6, 62;with intellego,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 12; cf.:nunc demum rescribo iis litteris, quas, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 3; and:undevicesimo aetatis anno dicere in foro coepi et nunc demum, quid praestare debeat orator, adhuc tamen per caliginem video,
yet it is only now that I am at length beginning to see, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8 et saep.—In Plautus with following conjunctions, cum, quoniam, etc.:(γ).nunc demum a me insipienter factum esse arbitror, Cum rem cognosco,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 80; cf. id. Rud. 4, 4, 78.—Separated by pol, edepol, or other words:b.nunc pol demum ego sum liber,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 14:nunc edepol demum in memoriam regredior, cum cogito, etc.,
id. Capt. 5, 4; 25; id. Cas. 4, 4, 14; id. Aul. 1, 2, 1:heu, nunc misero mihi demum Exsilium infelix!
Verg. A. 10, 849.—Tum demum, then at length, then indeed (so most freq., esp. in the historians;(β).in Caes. only in this connection): tum demum Liscus oratione Caesaris adductus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 50, 2; 1, 51, 2; Liv. 2, 20; 3, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; Verg. A. 6, 330; 573; id. G. 3, 205; Ov. F. 4, 615 et saep.:utraque re satis experta tum demum consules,
Liv. 2, 29.—With foll. conjunct. ubi, si, cum, etc. (and in Plautus also separate; cf. above, no. 1. b. and c.):c.ubi expolivero, Magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; Sall. J. 46; Cels. 7, 27 fin.:si id facies, tum demum scibis, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Cic. Rep. 1, 24; cf. with quodsi, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4:ac tum demum, cum medium tenuere, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7:tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, Ubi, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Once in this connection demum alone:servata res est demum, si illam videro,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 68.—Tunc demum (cf. Drak. Liv. 41, 3, 5):d.tunc demum intelleges, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 121; Suet. Calig. 9; Vulg. Gen. 41, 9; and with cum, Col. praef. fin.;with ubi,
Cels. 3, 6, and 10.—Post demum, afterwards, not till after:e.post eum demum huc cras adducam,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 65:post igitur demum, etc.,
id. Amph. 3, 1, 16.—With post as praep.: unas enim post idus Martias, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4:post biduum demum,
Suet. Aug. 10 fin. —Modo demum, only now, now for the first time:f.modone id demum sensti,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 11.—Jam demum, now at last, now (cf. dê... êdê, Eurip. Suppl. 980;g.Troad. 235),
Ov. Tr. 2, 8.—Ibi demum, just there:h.illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 3; Quint. 10, 3, 13:ibi demum morte quievit,
Verg. A. 9, 445; cf. id. ib. 1, 629; Stat. Th. 2, 474; id. Silv. 2, 3, 14; cf.also ibi demum, of time,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53.—Sic demum:k.sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso,
Verg. A. 2, 795; 6, 154.—Ita demum, Vulg. 2 Mac. 6, 15.—2.With the abl. temp. or absol.:C.ego novus maritus anno demum quinto et sexagesimo fiam?
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 15:decimo demum pugnavimus anno,
Ov. M. 13, 209:quarta vix demum exponimur hora,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 23:hieme demum,
Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2:pontificatum maximum, quem numquam vivo Lepido auferre sustinuerat, mortuo demum suscepit,
Suet. Aug. 31; cf.:appellato demum collegio obtinuit,
id. Caes. 23:his demum exactis,
Verg. A. 6, 637:noctu demum rex recessit,
Curt. 7, 11, 20.—And once with the nominative of the part. perf.:damnatus demum, vi coactus reddidit Mille et ducentos Philippos,
i. e. not until condemned, Plaut. Bac. 2, 4, 38.—To add emphasis to the idea contained in a proposition, in fact, in very truth, certainly, indeed (rare):II.ea sunt enim demum non ferenda in mendacio, quae, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 15:immemor est demum, nec frugum munere dignus, qui, etc.,
Ov. M. 15, 122; Quint. 10, 6, 5;so to strengthen a comparative (cf.: adeo, etiam): latius demum ire,
further yet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156:num expositio haec longior demum esse debeat,
Quint. 4, 2, 79.—In postAug. Latin.A.Only, solely, exclusively ( = duntaxat, tantum, solum, tantummodo, modo): ne vulgarem viam ingressus, alienis demum vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. § 3; id. 2, 15, 1:b.adeo suis demum oculis credidit,
id. 11, 3, 68: quaedam (verba) tertiae demum personae figura dicuntur, ut licet, piget, id. 1, 4, 29: [p. 545] qui (Cicero) non assecutus esset docendo judicem tantum et utiliter demum ac Latine perspicueque dicendo, ut, etc., id. 8, 3, 3 et saep.:nihil magis pro contione testatus est, quam id demum se habiturum, quod, etc.,
but just that, Suet. Oth. 6 et saep.:ut non is demum sit veneficus, qui vitam abstulit data potione, sed etiam qui mentem,
Quint. 9, 2, 105; cf.with the following verum etiam,
id. 7 prooem. § 1.—Ita demum, only so; then or in that case only; not till then ( = tum demum);B.esp. freq. in conditional propositions: si plus humoris excernitur quam assumitur, ita demum secundae valetudinis spes est,
Cels. 3, 21; Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 2; Suet. Claud. 25 al.—To point out something as taking place only after previous delay, at length, at last = tandem:* 2.quod oppidum Hispaniae frustra diu oppugnatum illitis demum galbano facibus succenderit,
Suet. Galb. 3; cf. corresp. with tandem, id. Calig. 6.—For denique no. II. 2, finally, in fine:ex quibus alium Ciceroni, alium Caesari, singulis demum singulos opponeremus,
Tac. Or. 26 fin. Cf. Hand Turs. II. p. 250-260; Zumpt ad Curt. 6, 39, 25; Mützell ad Curt. 3, 7, 8; 3, 22, 26. -
16 dico
1.dĭco, āvi, ātum, 1 (dixe for dixisse, Val. Ant. ap. Arn. 5, 1; DICASSIT dixerit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 75, 15; rather = dicaverit), v. a. [orig. the same word with 2. dīco; cf. the meaning of abdĭco and abdīco, of indĭco and indīco, dedĭco, no. II. A. al., Corss. Ausspr. 1, 380].I.To proclaim, make known. So perh. only in the foll. passage: pugnam, Lucil. ap. Non. 287, 30.—Far more freq.,II.Relig. t. t., to dedicate, consecrate, devote any thing to a deity or to a deified person (for syn. cf.: dedico, consecro, inauguro).A.Prop.: et me dicabo atque animam devotabo hostibus, Att. ap. Non. 98, 12:2.donum tibi (sc. Jovi) dicatum atque promissum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72; cf.:ara condita atque dicata,
Liv. 1, 7 (for which aram condidit dedicavitque, id. 28, 46 fin.); so,aram,
id. 1, 7; 1, 20:capitolium, templum Jovis O. M.,
id. 22, 38 fin.:templa,
Ov. F. 1, 610:delubrum ex manubiis,
Plin. 7, 26, 27, § 97:lychnuchum Apollini,
id. 34, 3, 8, § 14:statuas Olympiae,
id. 34, 4, 9, § 16:vehiculum,
Tac. G. 40:carmen Veneri,
Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 178; cf. Suet. Ner. 10 fin. et saep.:cygni Apollini dicati,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 73.—With a personal object, to consecrate, to deify (cf. dedico, no. II. A. b.):B.Janus geminus a Numa dicatus,
Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 34:inter numina dicatus Augustus,
Tac. A. 1, 59.—Transf., beyond the relig. sphere.1.To give up, set apart, appropriate a thing to any one: recita;* 2.aurium operam tibi dico,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 72; so,operam,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 147; Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 12:hunc totum diem tibi,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7:tuum studium meae laudi,
id. Fam. 2, 6, 4:genus (orationis) epidicticum gymnasiis et palaestrae,
id. Or. 13, 42:librum Maecenati,
Plin. 19, 10, 57, § 177; cf.:librum laudibus ptisanae,
id. 18, 7, 15, § 75 al.:(Deïopeam) conubio jungam stabili propriamque dicabo,
Verg. A. 1, 73; cf. the same verse, ib. 4, 126:se Crasso,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 11; cf.: se Remis in clientelam, * Caes. B. G. 6, 12, 7:se alii civitati,
to become a free denizen of it, Cic. Balb. 11, 28;for which: se in aliam civitatem,
id. ib. 12 fin. —(I. q. dedico, no. II. A.) To consecrate a thing by using it for the first time:2.nova signa novamque aquilam,
Tac. H. 5, 16.— Hence, dĭcātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. II.), devoted, consecrated, dedicated:loca Christo dedicatissima, August. Civ. Dei, 3, 31: CONSTANTINO AETERNO AVGVSTO ARRIVS DIOTIMVS... N. M. Q. (i. e. numini majestatique) EIVS DICATISSIMVS,
Inscr. Orell. 1083.dīco, xi, ctum, 3 ( praes. DEICO, Inscr. Orell. 4848; imp. usu. dic; cf. duc, fac, fer, from duco, etc., DEICVNTO, and perf. DEIXSERINT, P. C. de Therm. ib. 3673; imp. dice, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 298, 29 Müll.; Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 109; id. Bac. 4, 4, 65; id. Merc. 1, 2, 47 al.; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 21; fut. dicem = dicam, Cato ap. Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 72, 6 Müll.—Another form of the future is dicebo, Novius ap. Non. 507 (Com. v. 8 Rib.). — Perf. sync.:I.dixti,
Plaut. As. 4, 2, 14; id. Trin. 2, 4, 155; id. Mil. 2, 4, 12 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 1, 1; 3, 2, 38; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 100 et saep.; Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 10; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; id. Caecin. 29, 82; acc. to Quint. 9, 3, 22.— Perf. subj.:dixis,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 46; Caecil. ap. Gell. 7, 17 fin.:dixem = dixissem,
Plaut. Pseud. 1, 5, 84; inf. dixe = dix isse, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 105, 23; Varr. ib. 451, 16; Arn. init.; Aus. Sept. Sap. de Cleob. 8; inf. praes. pass. dicier, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 32; Vatin. in Cic. Fam. 5, 9 al.), v. a. [root DIC = DEIK in deiknumi; lit., to show; cf. dikê, and Lat. dicis, ju-dex, dicio], to say, tell, mention, relate, affirm, declare, state; to mean, intend (for syn. cf.: for, loquor, verba facio, dicto, dictito, oro, inquam, aio, fabulor, concionor, pronuntio, praedico, recito, declamo, affirmo, assevero, contendo; also, nomino, voco, alloquor, designo, nuncupo; also, decerno, jubeo, statuo, etc.; cf. also, nego.—The person addressed is usually put in dat., v. the foll.: dicere ad aliquem, in eccl. Lat., stands for the Gr. eipein pros tina, Vulg. Luc. 2, 34 al.; cf. infra I. B. 2. g).Lit.A.In gen.:b.Amphitruonis socium nae me esse volui dicere,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 228:advenisse familiarem dicito,
id. ib. 1, 1, 197:haec uti sunt facta ero dicam,
id. ib. 1, 1, 304; cf. ib. 2, 1, 23:signi dic quid est?
id. ib. 1, 1, 265:si dixero mendacium,
id. ib. 1, 1, 43; cf.opp. vera dico,
id. ib. 1, 1, 238 al.:quo facto aut dicto adest opus,
id. ib. 1, 1, 15; cf.:dictu opus est,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 68:nihil est dictu facilius,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 70:turpe dictu,
id. Ad. 2, 4, 11:indignis si male dicitur, bene dictum id esse dico,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27:ille, quem dixi,
whom I have mentioned, named, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45 et saep.: vel dicam = vel potius, or rather:stuporem hominis vel dicam pecudis attendite,
Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.:mihi placebat Pomponius maxime vel dicam minime displicebat,
id. Brut. 57, 207; so id. ib. 70, 246; id. Fam. 4, 7, 3 al.—Dicitur, dicebatur, dictum est, impers. with acc. and inf., it is said, related, maintained, etc.; or, they say, affirm, etc.: de hoc (sc. Diodoro) Verri dicitur, habere eum, etc., it is reported to Verres that, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18:c.non sine causa dicitur, ad ea referri omnes nostras cogitationes,
id. Fin. 3, 18, 60; so,dicitur,
Nep. Paus. 5, 3; Quint. 5, 7, 33; 7, 2, 44; Ov. F. 4, 508:Titum multo apud patrem sermone orasse dicebatur, ne, etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 52; so,dicebatur,
id. A. 1, 10:in hac habitasse platea dictum'st Chrysidem,
Ter. And. 4, 5, 1:dictum est,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 38, 56; Quint. 6, 1, 27:ut pulsis hostibus dici posset, eos, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 3. Cf. also: hoc, illud dicitur, with acc. and inf., Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 72; id. de Or. 1, 33, 150; Quint. 4, 2, 91; 11, 3, 177 al. —Esp. in histt. in reference to what has been previously related:ut supra dictum est,
Sall. J. 96, 1:sicut ante dictum est,
Nep. Dion. 9, 5; cf. Curt. 3, 7, 7; 5, 1, 11; 8, 6, 2 et saep.—(See Zumpt, Gram. § 607.) Dicor, diceris, dicitur, with nom. and inf., it is said that I, thou, he, etc.; or, they say that I, thou, etc.:d.ut nos dicamur duo omnium dignissimi esse,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 47: cf. Quint. 4, 4, 6:dicar Princeps Aeolium carmen ad Italos Deduxisse modos,
Hor. Od. 3, 30, 10 al.:illi socius esse diceris,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 72: aedes Demaenetus ubi [p. 571] dicitur habitare, id. As. 2, 3, 2:qui (Pisistratus) primus Homeri libros confusos antea sic disposuisse dicitur, ut nunc habemus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 34, 137 et saep.:quot annos nata dicitur?
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 89:is nunc dicitur venturus peregre,
id. Truc. 1, 1, 66 et saep. In a double construction, with nom. and inf., and acc. and inf. (acc. to no. b. and c.): petisse dicitur major Titius... idque ab eis facile (sc. eum) impetrasse, Auct. B. Afr. 28 fin.; so Suet. Oth. 7.—Dictum ac factum or dictum factum (Gr. hama epos hama ergon), in colloq. lang., no sooner said than done, without delay, Ter. And. 2, 3, 7:B.dictum ac factum reddidi,
it was "said and done" with me, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 12; 5, 1, 31; cf.:dicto citius,
Verg. A. 1, 142; Hor. S. 2, 2, 80; and:dicto prope citius,
Liv. 23, 47, 6.—In partic.1.Pregn.a.To assert, affirm a thing as certain (opp. nego):b.quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12; cf.:dicebant, ego negabam,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; and:quibus creditum non sit negantibus, iisdem credatur dicentibus?
id. Rab. Post. 12, 35.—For dico with a negative, nego is used, q. v.; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 799;2.but: dicere nihil esse pulchrius, etc.,
Liv. 30, 12, 6; 21, 9, 3 Fabri; so,freq. in Liv. when the negation precedes,
id. 30, 22, 5; 23, 10, 13 al.; cf. Krebs, Antibar. p. 355.—dico is often inserted parenthetically, to give emphasis to an apposition:3.utinam C. Caesari, patri, dico adulescenti contigisset, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 36, 105; id. Planc. 12, 30; Quint. 9, 2, 83; cf. Cic. Or. 58, 197; id. Tusc. 4, 16, 36; Sen. Ep. 14, 6; id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 1, 6, 24:ille mihi praesidium dederat, cum dico mihi, senatui dico populoque Romano,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 20; Sen. Ep. 83, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 2; 3, 2, 2.—In rhetor. and jurid. lang., to pronounce, deliver, rehearse, speak any thing.(α).With acc.:(β).oratio dicta de scripto,
Cic. Planc. 30 fin.; cf.:sententiam de scripto,
id. Att. 4, 3, 3:controversias,
Quint. 3, 8, 51; 9, 2, 77:prooemium ac narrationem et argumenta,
id. 2, 20, 10:exordia,
id. 11, 3, 161:theses et communes locos,
id. 2, 1, 9:materias,
id. 2, 4, 41:versus,
Cic. Or. 56, 189; Quint. 6, 3, 86:causam, of the defendant or his attorney,
to make a defensive speech, to plead in defence, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5; id. Quint. 8; id. Sest. 8; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 7, 4, 3; 8, 2, 24 al.; cf.causas (said of the attorney),
Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5; 2, 8, 32 al.:jus,
to pronounce judgment, id. Fl. 3; id. Fam. 13, 14; hence the praetor's formula: DO, DICO, ADDICO; v. do, etc.—With ad and acc. pers., to plead before a person or tribunal:(γ).ad unum judicem,
Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 10:ad quos? ad me, si idoneus videor qui judicem, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 72; Liv. 3, 41.—With ad and acc. of thing, to speak in reference to, in reply to:(δ).non audeo ad ista dicere,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 32, 78; id. Rep. 1, 18, 30.—Absol.:4.nec idem loqui, quod dicere,
Cic. Or. 32:est oratoris proprium, apte, distincte, ornate dicere,
id. Off. 1, 1, 2; so,de aliqua re pro aliquo, contra aliquem, etc., innumerable times in Cic. and Quint.: dixi, the t. t. at the end of a speech,
I have done, Cic. Verr. 1 fin. Ascon. and Zumpt, a. h. 1.;thus, dixerunt, the t. t. by which the praeco pronounced the speeches of the parties to be finished,
Quint. 1, 5, 43; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 6, 4, 7.— Transf. beyond the judicial sphere:causam nullam or causam haud dico,
I have no objection, Plaut. Mil. 5, 34; id. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 42.—To describe, relate, sing, celebrate in writing (mostly poet.):b.tibi dicere laudes,
Tib. 1, 3, 31; so,laudes Phoebi et Dianae,
Hor. C. S. 76:Dianam, Cynthium, Latonam,
id. C. 1, 21, 1:Alciden puerosque Ledae,
id. ib. 1, 12, 25:caelestes, pugilemve equumve,
id. ib. 4, 2, 19:Pelidae stomachum,
id. ib. 1, 6, 5:bella,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Liv. 7, 29:carmen,
Hor. C. 1, 32, 3; id. C. S. 8; Tib. 2, 1, 54:modos,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 7:silvestrium naturas,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 138 et saep.:temporibus Augusti dicendis non defuere decora ingenia,
Tac. A. 1, 1; id. H. 1, 1:vir neque silendus neque dicendus sine cura,
Vell. 2, 13.—Of prophecies, to predict, foretell:5.bellicosis fata Quiritibus Hac lege dico, ne, etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 58:sortes per carmina,
id. A. P. 403:quicquid,
id. S. 2, 5, 59:hoc (Delphi),
Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 43 et saep.—To pronounce, articulate a letter, syllable, word: Demosthenem scribit Phalereus, cum Rho dicere nequiret, etc., Cic. Div. 2, 46, 96; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; Quint. 1, 4, 8; 1, 7, 21 al.—6.To call, to name: habitum quendam vitalem corporis esse, harmoniam Graii quam dicunt, Lucr. 3, 106; cf.: Latine dicimus elocutionem, quam Graeci phrasin vocant, Quint. 8, 1, 1:7.Chaoniamque omnem Trojano a Chaone dixit,
Verg. A. 3, 335:hic ames dici pater atque princeps,
Hor. Od. 1, 2, 50:uxor quondam tua dicta,
Verg. A. 2, 678 et saep. —Prov.:dici beatus ante obitum nemo debet,
Ov. M. 3, 135.—To name, appoint one to an office:8.ut consules roget praetor vel dictatorem dicat,
Cic. Att. 9, 15, 2: so,dictatorem,
Liv. 5, 9; 7, 26; 8, 29:consulem,
id. 10, 15; 24, 9; 26, 22 (thrice):magistrum equitum,
id. 6, 39:aedilem,
id. 9, 46:arbitrum bibendi,
Hor. Od. 2, 7, 26 et saep.—To appoint, set apart. fix upon, settle:9.nam mea bona meis cognatis dicam, inter eos partiam,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 113; cf. Pompon. ap. Non. 280, 19:dotis paululum vicino suo,
Afran. ib. 26:pecuniam omnem suam doti,
Cic. Fl. 35: quoniam inter nos nuptiae sunt dictae, Afran. ap. Non. 280, 24; cf.:diem nuptiis,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 75:diem operi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57:diem juris,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 16:diem exercitui ad conveniendum Pharas,
Liv. 36, 8; cf. id. 42, 28, and v. dies:locum consiliis,
id. 25, 16:leges pacis,
id. 33, 12; cf.:leges victis,
id. 34, 57:legem tibi,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 18; Ov. M. 6, 137; cf.:legem sibi,
to give sentence upon one's self, id. ib. 13, 72:pretium muneri,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 12 et saep.—With inf.: prius data est, quam tibi dari dicta, Pac. ap. Non. 280, 28. — Pass. impers.:eodem Numida inermis, ut dictum erat, accedit,
Sall. J. 113, 6.—To utter, express, esp. in phrases:10.non dici potest, dici vix potest, etc.: non dici potest quam flagrem desiderio urbis,
Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 17, 5:dici vix potest quanta sit vis, etc.,
id. Leg. 2, 15, 38; id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; id. Or. 17, 55; id. Red. ad Quir. 1, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 2, 8; 11, 3, 85.—(Mostly in colloq. lang.) Alicui, like our vulg. to tell one so and so, for to admonish, warn, threaten him:11.dicebam, pater, tibi, ne matri consuleres male,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 88; cf. Nep. Datam. 5; Ov. Am. 1, 14, 1.—Esp. freq.:tibi (ego) dico,
I tell you, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 30; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 76; id. Men. 2, 3, 27; id. Mil. 2, 2, 62 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 2, 33 Ruhnk.; id. ib. 4, 4, 23; id. Eun. 2, 3, 46; 87; Phaedr. 4, 19, 18; cf.:tibi dicimus,
Ov. H. 20, 153; id. M. 9, 122; so, dixi, I have said it, i. e. you may depend upon it, it shall be done, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 90; 92.—Dicere sacramentum or sacramento, to take an oath, to swear; v. sacramentum.II.Transf., i. q. intellego, Gr. phêmi, to mean so and so; it may sometimes be rendered in English by namely, to wit:A.nec quemquam vidi, qui magis ea, quae timenda esse negaret, timeret, mortem dico et deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 86; id. de Or. 3, 44, 174: M. Sequar ut institui divinum illum virum, quem saepius fortasse laudo quam necesse est. At. Platonem videlicet dicis, id. Leg. 3, 1:uxoris dico, non tuam,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 30 et saep.—Hence, dictum, i, n., something said, i. e. a saying, a word.In gen.: haut doctis dictis certantes sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.; acc. to Hertz.: nec maledictis); so,B.istaec dicta dicere,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 40:docta,
id. ib. 2, 2, 99; id. Men. 2, 1, 24; Lucr. 5, 113; cf.condocta,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 3:meum,
id. As. 2, 4, 1:ridiculum,
id. Capt. 3, 1, 22:minimum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9:ferocibus dictis rem nobilitare,
Liv. 23, 47, 4 al.:ob admissum foede dictumve superbe,
Lucr. 5, 1224; cf.facete,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 73; id. Poen. 3, 3, 24; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 57; Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104 al.:lepide,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 103:absurde,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 3:vere,
Nep. Alc. 8, 4:ambigue,
Hor. A. P. 449 et saep.—Pleon.:feci ego istaec dicta quae vos dicitis (sc. me fecisse),
Plaut. Casin. 5, 4, 17.—In partic.1.A saying, maxim, proverb:2.aurea dicta,
Lucr. 3, 12; cf.veridica,
id. 6, 24: Catonis est dictum. Pedibus compensari pecuniam, Cic. Fl. 29 fin. Hence, the title of a work by Caesar: Dicta collectanea (his Apophthegmata, mentioned in Cic. Fam. 9, 16), Suet. Caes. 56.—Esp. freq.,For facete dictum, a witty saying, bon-mot, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 54 fin. (cf. Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 1 fin.); Cic. Phil. 2, 17; Quint. 6, 3, 2; 16; 36; Liv. 7, 33, 3; Hor. A. P. 273 et saep.; cf. also, dicterium.—3.Poetry, verse (abstr. and concr.): dicti studiosus, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 18, 71:4.rerum naturam expandere dictis,
Lucr. 1, 126; 5, 56:Ennius hirsuta cingat sua dicta corona,
Prop. 4 (5), 1, 61.—A prediction, prophecy, Lucr. 1, 103; Verg. A. 2, 115; Val. Fl. 2, 326 al.; cf. dictio.—5.An order, command:6.dicto paruit consul,
Liv. 9, 41; cf. Verg. A. 3, 189; Ov. M. 8, 815:haec dicta dedit,
Liv. 3, 61; cf. id. 7, 33; 8, 34; 22, 25 al.: dicto audientem esse and dicto audire alicui, v. audio.—A promise, assurance:illi dixerant sese dedituros... Cares, tamen, non dicto capti, etc.,
Nep. Milt. 2, 5; Fur. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 34. -
17 manus
1.mănus, ūs (dat. manu for manui:I.alternae manu,
Prop. 1, 11, 12; 2, 1, 60), f. [root man-, ma-, to measure; Sanscr. ma, measure, moon; cf. Germ. Mond, moon, and O. H. Germ. mund, hand; Angl.-Sax. mund], a hand.Lit.:II.quam vero aptas, quamque multarum artium ministras manus natura homini dedit!
Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:vas in manus sumere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:Epicurum in manus sumere, i. e. scripta Epicuri,
id. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:pyxidem in manu tenere,
id. Cael. 26, 63:manum porrigere ad tradendum aliquid,
id. ib.:de manibus deponere,
to lay out of one's hands, lay down, id. Ac. 1, 1, 2. ponere, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:extorquere,
to wrest from one's hands, id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:e manibus dimittere,
to let go out of one's hands, id. Or. 30, 105: manum ad os apponere, i. e. to lay the finger on the lips in token of secrecy, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4: alicui in manu esse, to be obvious, clear:neque mihi in manu Jugurtha qualis foret,
Sall. J. 14, 4:(feminas) in manu esse parentium, fratrum, virorum,
subject to, Liv. 34, 2, 11; cf.:minus filiae uxores sorores quibusdam in manu erunt,
id. 34, 7, 11: in manibus esse, to be in everybody's hands, to be well known:est in manibus oratio,
Cic. Lael. 25, 96:est in manibus laudatio,
id. Sen. 4, 12; id. Brut. 33, 125.—Also, to be near:hostes sunt in manibus,
near to us, close by us, upon us, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 7; also, to be present: attendere, quae in manibus sunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 1; Verg. A. 10, 280: in manibus habere, to have in hand, to be engaged on a thing:omnia, quae in manibus habebam, abjeci,
Cic. Att. 13, 47, 1:habeo opus magnum in manibus,
id. Ac. 1, 1, 2:philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus, in eam, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Cael. 27, 65:milites bellum illud, quod erat in manibus, reliquisse,
id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:dum occasio in manibus esset,
Liv. 7, 36, 10:inimicorum in manibus mortuus est,
among, Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 108:manu tenere,
to know for certain, id. Brut. 80, 277.— Pass.:manibus teneri,
to be certain, evident, Cic. Sest. 32, 69: habere in manibus, to fondle, caress, make much of:sic in manibus (inimicum meum) habebant, sic fovebant, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:in manus venire,
to come to hand, id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 1:proelium in manibus facere,
to fight at close quarters, Sall. J. 57, 4:ad manum habere,
to have at hand, have in readiness, Quint. 12, 5, 1:ad manum esse,
at hand, in hand, near, Liv. 9, 19: ad manum venire or accedere, to come hand to hand, come to close quarters:nonnumquam etiam res ad manus, atque ad pugnam veniebat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30:ut venere in manus,
Tac. A. 2, 80:ut ventum in manus,
id. H. 4, 71:adire manum alicui, v. 1. adeo: ad manum intueri aliquid,
at hand, close by, hard by, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97:prae manu or manibus,
at hand, in readiness, in hand, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 10; App. M. 6, p. 180, 32; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23; Gell. 19, 8:quem servum ille habuit ad manum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225:servus a manu,
i. e. a scribe, secretary, Suet. Caes. 74:de manu dare,
to give with one's own hand, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37: de manu in manum quippiam tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, i. e. with great care, Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2: manum ferulae subducere, to take the hand from the rod, i. e. to be too old for the rod, Juv. 1, 15: e manu (for eminus; opp. cominus), from a distance: quae mea cominus machaera atque hasta hostibit e manu, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 212 Vahl.): plenā manu, with a full or plentiful hand, bountifully, liberally:plenā manu dare,
abundantly, Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 2; id. Ep. 120, 10; id. ad Polyb. 9, 7;so trop.: Hortalus, quam plenā manu nostras laudes in astra sustulit,
Cic. Att. 2, 25, 1; so,plenis manibus pecuniam largiri,
Lact. 3, 16, 15; cf.:quemquam vacuis a se manibus abire pati,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 14, 5: manibus pedibusque aliquid facere (Greek pux kai lax), with hands and feet, i. e. with all one's power, with might and main, Ter. And. 1, 1, 134:per manus,
with the hands, Caes. B. G. 6, 37:per manus servulae,
by her assistance, Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3: per manus tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, from mouth to mouth, to hand down from father to son:traditae per manus religiones,
Liv. 5, 51: per manus, also, by force, by main force, forcibly:per manus libertatem retinere,
Sall. J. 31, 22: inter manus, in one's hands, under one's hands:agger inter manus proferebatur,
Caes. B. C. 2, 2:villa crescit inter manus,
Sen. Ep. 12, 1:nihil adhuc inter manus habui cui majorem sollicitudinem praestare deberem,
Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 2:scripta quae inter manus habes,
are occupied with, id. ib. 5, 5, 7.— Trop., palpable, evident:ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras,
Verg. A. 11, 311; cf.:manus inter parentum,
id. ib. 2, 681: inter manus, also, in one's hands, in one's arms:abripite hunc intro actutum inter manus,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 38:e convivio auferri,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28: sub manu and sub manum, at hand, near, readily, immediately, on the instant: Vocontii sub manu ut essent, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2:quo celerius, ac sub manum annuntiari cognoscique posset, quid in provincia quāque gereretur, etc.,
Suet. Aug. 49; Sen. Ep. 71, 1: sub manus succedere, according to one's wish, [p. 1112] Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59: alicujus manu esse, to be from or by one's hand:epistulae quae quidem erant tua manu,
Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf. id. ib. 8, 13, 1 (cf. II. C. infra): manu, with the hand, by hand, i. e. artificially, opp. to naturally, by nature: manu sata, i. e. by the hand of man, opp. to what grows wild. Caes. B. C. 3, 44:urbs manu munitissima,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:quaedam ingenia manu, quod aiunt, facienda sunt,
Sen. Ep. 52, 1:quidam et liberos ejurent et orbitatem manu faciant,
id. ad Marc. 19, 2: morbi, quos manu fecimus, i. e. which we produce by our own fault (e. g. by intemperance), Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 3: oratio manu facta, artificial, elaborate, opp. to natural, simple, id. Ep. 115, 2: manu mederi, to be a surgeon, Cels. praef. 1: manibus aequis or manu aequā, with equal advantage:manibus aequis abscessum est,
Tac. A. 1, 63:aequā manu discedere,
to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39, 4: manus afferre, to lay hands on; trop., to destroy or weaken:qui diutius torqueri patitur, quem protinus potest liberare, beneficio suo manus affert,
Sen. Ben. 2, 5, 3:manum inicere alicui,
to lay the hand on one, to detain, arrest him, Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48: manum dare, to give or lend a hand, to help, assist, Quint. 2, 3, 7: manus dare or dedere, to give the hands to be bound; hence, in gen., to give up, yield, surrender:perpende, et, si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
Lucr. 2, 1043:fateor, manus vobis do,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72:donicum aut certe vicissent, aut victi manum dedissent,
Nep. Ham. 1; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 31; Cic. Att. 2, 22, 2; Ov. H. 4, 14; 17, 260; Verg. A. 11, 568; Lact. 5, 1, 3:brevi manu,
immediately, without delay, Dig. 23, 3, 43, § 1:longā manu,
slowly, tediously, ib. 46, 3, 79: manum tollere, to raise the hand in token of an intention to yield, to yield, submit: cedo et tollo manum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 28: manus tollere, to raise the hands in token of admiration or astonishment, Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 63: manus tendere ad aliquem, less freq. alicui, to stretch out the hands to one to implore assistance, Caes. B. G. 2, 13; Cic. Font. 17, 38:quae Romanis manus tendebant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 48:dextram Italiae,
Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9:manu sternere aliquem,
with the sword, Verg. A. 9, 702: utrāque manu, with both hands, i. e. willingly, readily, Mart. 1, 16, 9:manus manum lavat,
one hand washes the other, one helps the other, Sen. Apoc. 9 fin.; Petr. c. 45, 13; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80: manum non vertere, not to turn the hand, prov. for to take no pains, make no effort:qui se fatentur virtutis causā ne manum quidem versuros fuisse,
Cic. Fin. 5, 31, 93; cf. App. Mag. p. 311.Transf.A.The hand as the instrument used in fight; hence, personal valor, bravery:2.ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallent,
Caes. B. C. 3, 86:manu fortissimus,
Liv. 39, 40:manu fortis,
Nep. Dat. 1, 3:manu vincere,
Ov. M. 1, 448:manu capere urbes,
by force of arms, Sall. J. 5, 5:manum committere Teucris,
to fight, Verg. A. 12, 60; so,conserere manum,
Liv. 21, 39; 25, 11; 27, 33:conferre manum,
Liv. 10, 43; Verg. A. 12, 345:in proelia Ferre manum,
id. ib. 5, 403; cf.:et vice teli saevit nuda manus,
Juv. 15, 54.—Force, violence, fighting, close combat:B.res venit ad manus atque ad pugnam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:venire ad manum,
Liv. 2, 30:accedere ad manum,
Nep. Eum. 5:in manus venire,
to come to an engagement, come to close quarters, Sall. J. 89, 2:pugna jam ad manus venerat,
Liv. 2, 46:non manu, neque vi,
force, violence, Sall. J. 31, 18; so Tac. Agr. 9.—Of the hand of an artist:C.manus extrema non accessit ejus operibus,
the last hand, the finishing touch, Cic. Brut. 33, 126: aptius a summā conspiciare manu, when you have given yourself the finishing touch, i. e. have completed your toilet, Ov. A. A. 3, 225:carmen nondum recepit ultimam manum,
has not yet received the last polish, Petr. 118.—Hence, extremam bello Imponere manum, to put the finishing hand to the war, to bring it to a close, Verg. A. 7, 573.—Prov.: manum de tabula, lit., the hand from the picture, i. e. enough, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1.—A hand, handwriting; in gen., work, workmanship:D.librarii manus,
Cic. Att. 8, 13, 1: Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae, id. ib. 7, 2, 3:manum suam cognovit,
id. Cat. 3, 5, 12:propter emissam ab eis manum,
Dig. 22, 3, 15:Praxitelis manus, Scopaeque,
Mart. 4, 39, 3:artificum,
Verg. A. 1, 455.—For pars, a side:E.est ad hanc manum sacellum,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 37:a laeva conspicienda manu,
Ov. A. A. 3, 307. —In throwing dice, a stake: quas manus remisi, to throw up the stakes, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71.—F.In fencing, a thrust, hit, blow:G.rectae, aversae, tectaeque manus,
Quint. 9, 1, 20:prima, secunda, tertia, quarta,
the prime, second, tierce, quart, id. 5, 13, 54.—The trunk of an elephant:H.manus etiam data elephantis,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120; Curt. 8, 14, 27; Sil. 9, 628.—The fore-paws of bears, Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130.—K.The branches on a tree:L.(platanus) cui lnnumerae manus,
Stat. S. 2, 3, 39:fraxineae,
Pall. Insit. 60.—In milit. lang.: ferreae manus, iron hooks with which an enemy's ship was grappled, grappling-irons:M.manus ferreas atque harpagones paraverant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 57:in advenientes hostium naves ferreas manus inicere,
Liv. 36, 44 fin.:manus ferreas excogitare,
Front. Strat. 2, 3, 24; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 209; Curt. 4, 9, 2; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 38; Luc. 3, 635.—Also milit., an armed force, corps of soldiers:2.si nova manus cum veteribus copiis se conjunxisset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 37:magnam manum conducere,
id. ib. 5, 27:Hasdrubalem propediem affore cum manu haudquaquam contemnenda,
Liv. 30, 7 fin.; id. 44, 27.—Beyond the milit. sphere, in gen., a body, host, number, company, multitude:N.Romam veniet cum magna manu,
Cic. Att. 16, 11, 6:evocatorum,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 3:manus ad Quirinalia paratur,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 4; cf.:manum facere, copias parare,
id. Caecin. 12, 33:manus bonorum,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:Judaeorum,
id. Fl. 28, 66:conjuratorum,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 12:bicorpor,
i. e. the Centaurs, id. Tusc. 2, 9, 22:purpuratorum et satellitum,
Liv. 42, 51:magna clientium,
Suet. Tib. 1:comitum,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 262:juvenum,
Verg. A. 6, 5.—Labor, hands, i. e. workmen:O.nos aera, manus, navalia demus,
Verg. A. 11, 329:quale manus addunt ebori decus,
id. ib. 1, 592.—Power:2.haec non sunt in nostra manu,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3; cf.: in tua manu est, it rests with you, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:juxta deos in tua manu positum est,
Tac. H. 2, 76:victoria in manu nobis est,
depends on, Sall. C. 20, 10:in vostra manu situm,
id. J. 31; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 43:in manu esse mihi,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 67. —In partic., in jurid. lang., the legal power of a husband over his wife, the manus:P.in potestate quidem et masculi et feminae esse solent: in manum autem feminae tantum conveniunt. Olim itaque tribus modis in manum conveniebant: usu, farreo, coëmptione, etc.,
Gai. Inst. 1, 108 sq.; Cic. Fl. 34, 84 al.—Law t. t., manūs injectio, i. e. an arrest: per manus injectionem agebatur, Gai Inst. 4, 21: ob eam rem ego tibi sestertium X. milium judicati manus inicio, Vet. Form. ap. Gai. ib.2.mānus, i. q. bonus, Varr. L. L. 6, 2, 4; Macr. S. 1, 3, 13; Isid. 5, 30, 14; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 139; 2, 286; v. ‡ cerus manus. -
18 prima
prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;I.but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).In gen.:II.qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—In partic.A.In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:B.in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:A. 1.princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).In gen.:2.aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:3.primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:B. 1.primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:2.Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—Without other adverbs.(α).In gen.:(β).quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:3. (α).primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:(β).ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):(γ).post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):(δ).primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:* C.hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—D.prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto. -
19 primumdum
prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;I.but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).In gen.:II.qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—In partic.A.In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:B.in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:A. 1.princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).In gen.:2.aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:3.primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:B. 1.primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:2.Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—Without other adverbs.(α).In gen.:(β).quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:3. (α).primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:(β).ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):(γ).post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):(δ).primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:* C.hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—D.prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto. -
20 primus
prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;I.but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).In gen.:II.qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—In partic.A.In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:B.in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:A. 1.princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).In gen.:2.aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:3.primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:B. 1.primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:2.Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—Without other adverbs.(α).In gen.:(β).quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:3. (α).primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:(β).ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):(γ).post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):(δ).primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:* C.hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—D.prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.
См. также в других словарях:
Data loss — is an error condition in information systems in which information is destroyed by failures or neglect in storage, transmission, or processing. Information systems implement backup and disaster recovery equipment and processes to prevent data loss … Wikipedia
Data erasure — (also called data clearing or data wiping) is a software based method of overwriting data that completely destroys all electronic data residing on a hard disk drive or other digital media. Permanent data erasure goes beyond basic file deletion… … Wikipedia
Data recovery — is the process of salvaging data from damaged, failed, corrupted, or inaccessible secondary storage media when it cannot be accessed normally. Often the data are being salvaged from storage media such as internal or external hard disk drives,… … Wikipedia
Data fusion — Data fusion, is generally defined as the use of techniques that combine data from multiple sources and gather that information into discrete, actionable items in order to achieve inferences, which will be more efficient and narrowly tailored than … Wikipedia
Data conversion — is the conversion of computer data from one format to another. Throughout a computer environment, data is encoded in a variety of ways. For example, computer hardware is built on the basis of certain standards, which requires that data contains,… … Wikipedia
Data profiling — is the process of examining the data available in an existing data source (e.g. a database or a file) and collecting statistics and information about that data. The purpose of these statistics may be to: Find out whether existing data can easily… … Wikipedia
Data Desk — Developer(s) Data Description Inc. Stable release 6.2 (Win), 6.2 (Mac) Operating system Windows Mac Type Statistical analysis … Wikipedia
Data Shredder — Developer(s) CBL Datenrettung Stable release 1.0.1 / April 3, 2007; 4 years ago (2007 04 03) Operating system Windows, MS DOS x86 … Wikipedia
Data migration — is the process of transferring data between storage types, formats, or computer systems. Data migration is usually performed programmatically to achieve an automated migration, freeing up human resources from tedious tasks. It is required when… … Wikipedia
Data virtualization — describes the process of abstracting disparate data sources (databases, applications, file repositories, websites, data services vendors, etc.) through a single data access layer (which may be any of several data access mechanisms). This… … Wikipedia
Data hierarchy — refers to the systematic organization of data, often in a hierarchical form. Data organization involves fields, records, files and so on. A data field holds a single fact. Consider a date field, e.g. September 19, 2004 . This can be treated as a… … Wikipedia
