ad+voluntatem

nūtus, ūs, m. [nuo, ĕre (of abnuo, etc.); cf. nuto], a nodding, a nod.

Lit.:

Scipio nutu finire disceptationem potuisset,

Liv. 34, 62:

nutu tremefecit Olympum,

Verg. A. 9, 106:

digitisque saepe est nutuque locutus,

Ov. Tr. 2, 453:

signaque dat nutu,

id. F. 1, 418:

nutus conferre loquaces,

Tib. 1, 2, 21:

digiti,

i.e. a beckoning, Tert. adv. Herm. 27:

membrorum,

Plin. 6, 30, 35, § 188: uno meo [p. 1231] nutu jugulari utrumque vestrum posse, Suet. Calig. 32:

nutibus oculorum,

winks, Vulg. Isa. 3, 16.—

Transf., a downward tendency or motion, gravity:

terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferri,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

terra suā vi nutuque tenetur,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 178; so in plur., id. N. D. 2, 39, 98.—

Trop., command, will, pleasure:

ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

Cic. Or. 8, 24:

jura omnia praetoris nutu atque arbitrio meretriculae gubernari,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

ad alicujus voluntatem nutumque convertere,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 10:

omnia deorum nutu atque potestate administrari,

id. Cat. 3, 9, 21:

auctoritate nutuque iegum domitas habere libidines,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 194:

paratum esse ad nutum,

id. Phil. 7, 6, 18:

ad nutum praesto esse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 78:

respirare contra nutum dicionemque alicujus,

id. Quint. 30, 94:

alterius sub nutu degitur aetas,

Lucr. 4, 1122:

saevae nutu Junonis eunt res,

Verg. A. 7, 592.

offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. [obfendo]. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).

Lit.:

offendere caput ad fornicem,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

latus vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

coxam,

to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720:

solido,

against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78:

in scopulis offendit puppis,

strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22:

in redeundo offenderunt,

ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

in cornua,

Sol. 40:

ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2:

visco,

id. Poen. 2, 37.—

Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5:

si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,

id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:

imparatum te offendam,

will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3:

eundem bonorum sensum,

id. ib. 1, 9, 17:

nondum perfectum templum offendere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:

omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—

Trop.

In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:

quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

in causis,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 301:

ad fortunam,

Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—

In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:

pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,

Cic. Clu. 36, 98:

sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,

gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105:

se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,

id. Att. 10, 4, 8:

neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin:

in multis enim offendimus omnes,

Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive:

cum nihil aliud offenderit,

Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—

To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:

at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—

To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:

apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63:

cum multi viri fortes offenderint,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:

tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,

i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.— Impers. pass.:

sin aliquid esset offensum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7:

quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,

might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.:

nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo... in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,

id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.:

at si valetudo ejus offendissit,

failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—

To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:

me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

tuam existimationem,

id. ib. 3, 8, 7:

neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

offensus nemo contumeliā,

id. Att. 6, 3, 3:

ne offendam patrem,

id. ib. 6, 3, 9:

ut eos splendor offendat,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 7:

extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,

Lucr. 6, 791:

offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,

provoke, Juv. 16, 24:

polypodion offendit stomachum,

disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58:

ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,

id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.— Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt:

multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.:

ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),

so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin. —Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a.

Offensive, odious (cf.:

invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145:

offensum et invisum esse alicui,

id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence:

offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—

Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:

offensus et alienatus animus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7:

aliena et offensa populi voluntas,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere [p. 1259] deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.— Comp.:

quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2:

quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,

id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.

offendo, ĭnis, f. [1. offendo], an offence, Afran. ap. Non. 146, 32 (offendo, offensio, Non.).

offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. [obfendo]. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).

Lit.:

offendere caput ad fornicem,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

latus vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

coxam,

to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720:

solido,

against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78:

in scopulis offendit puppis,

strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22:

in redeundo offenderunt,

ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

in cornua,

Sol. 40:

ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2:

visco,

id. Poen. 2, 37.—

Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5:

si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,

id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:

imparatum te offendam,

will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3:

eundem bonorum sensum,

id. ib. 1, 9, 17:

nondum perfectum templum offendere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:

omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—

Trop.

In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:

quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

in causis,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 301:

ad fortunam,

Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—

In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:

pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,

Cic. Clu. 36, 98:

sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,

gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105:

se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,

id. Att. 10, 4, 8:

neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin:

in multis enim offendimus omnes,

Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive:

cum nihil aliud offenderit,

Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—

To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:

at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—

To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:

apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63:

cum multi viri fortes offenderint,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:

tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,

i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.— Impers. pass.:

sin aliquid esset offensum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7:

quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,

might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.:

nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo... in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,

id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.:

at si valetudo ejus offendissit,

failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—

To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:

me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

tuam existimationem,

id. ib. 3, 8, 7:

neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

offensus nemo contumeliā,

id. Att. 6, 3, 3:

ne offendam patrem,

id. ib. 6, 3, 9:

ut eos splendor offendat,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 7:

extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,

Lucr. 6, 791:

offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,

provoke, Juv. 16, 24:

polypodion offendit stomachum,

disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58:

ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,

id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.— Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt:

multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.:

ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),

so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin. —Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a.

Offensive, odious (cf.:

invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145:

offensum et invisum esse alicui,

id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence:

offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—

Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:

offensus et alienatus animus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7:

aliena et offensa populi voluntas,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere [p. 1259] deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.— Comp.:

quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2:

quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,

id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.

offendo, ĭnis, f. [1. offendo], an offence, Afran. ap. Non. 146, 32 (offendo, offensio, Non.).

pĕrīclĭtābundus, a, um, adj. [periclitor], trying, testing, making a trial or essay (post-class.).

With acc.:

puncto pollicis extremam aciem (sagittae) periclitabunda,

App. M. 5, p. 168, 34:

voluntatem,

id. Mag. p. 308, 18.—

With gen.:

sui,

App. M. 3, p. 138, 33.

per-stringo, nxi, ctum, 3, v. a.

To bind tightly together; to draw together, draw up, contract:

vitem,

Cato, R. R. 32:

stomachus nimio rigore perstrictus,

Veg. Vet. 3, 53; Grat. Cyneg. 296.—

To graze, graze against a thing.

Lit.:

femur,

Verg. A. 10, 344:

solum aratro,

to plough slightly, Cic. Agr. 2, 25:

portam vomere,

to graze against, id. Phil. 2, 40 dub. (al. praestr-).—

Transf., To blunt by grazing against, to make dull, to dull:

minaci murmure aures,

to stun, deafen, Hor. C. 2, 1, 18:

juvenem multo perstringunt lumine,

Stat. Th. 5, 666 (but for perstringere oculos, aciem, etc., cf. praestringo).—

Trop.

To seize:

horror ingens spectantes perstringit,

Liv. 1, 25; Val. Fl. 7, 81; cf. id. 7, 194.—

In partic.

To touch or wound slightly with words; to blame, censure, reprimand, reprove (class.):

alicujus voluntatem asperioribus facetiis,

Cic. Planc. 14, 33:

aliquem vocis libertate,

id. Sest. 6, 14:

aliquem suspicione,

id. Sull. 16, 46:

aliquem oblique,

Tac. A. 5, 11:

cultum habitumque alicujus lenibus verbis,

id. ib. 2, 59:

modice perstricti,

id. ib. 4, 17:

ad perstringendos mulcendosque militum animos,

id. H. 1, 85.—

In speaking, to touch slightly, to glance over, to narrate briefly:

leviter transire ac tantummodo perstringere unamquamque rem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

quod meis omnibus litteris in Pompeianā laude perstrictus est (Crassus),

belittled, slighted, id. Att. 1, 14, 3:

perquam breviter perstringere atque attingere,

id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

celeriter perstringere reliquum vitae cursum,

id. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

summatim,

Vulg. Dan. 7, 1.

praecĭpŭus, a, um, adj. [praecipio], that is taken before other things (cf. princeps): excipuum quod excipitur, ut praecipuum, quod ante capitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 80 Müll.—Hence,

Particular, peculiar, especial (class.;

opp. communis),

Cic. Sull. 3, 9; cf. id. ib. 4, 12; id. Fam. 4, 15, 2; cf. also id. Prov. Cons. 1, 2:

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae conditionem subire,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., that is received beforehand (esp. as an inheritance), special:

praecipua dos,

Dig. 33, 4, 2 fin.:

peculium,

ib. 40, 5, 23; Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 6.— Subst.: praecĭpŭum, ĭi, n., that which is received from an inheritance before the general distribution of the property:

sestertium quingenties cum praecipuum inter legatarios habuisset,

Suet. Galb. 5.—

Transf., like eximius, special, chief, principal, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary:

hic homo'st hominum omnium praecipuos,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1: opera praecipua, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 2:

jus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58: quos praecipuo semper honore Caesar habuit, Caes. B. G. 5, 52:

natura ingenerat praecipuum quendam amorem in eos, qui procreati sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 12:

Cicero praecipuus in eloquentiā vir,

Quint. 6, 3, 3; cf.:

praecipuus scientiā rei militaris,

Tac. A. 12, 40:

vir praecipuus corpore viribusque,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 154: mox praecipuus cui secreta imperatorum inniterentur ( the first), Tac. A. 3, 30.— Absol.:

ex quibus praecipuos attingemus,

Quint. 8, 3, 89:

ponendus inter praecipuos,

id. 10, 1, 116.—With gen.:

philosophorum Platonem esse praecipuum,

Quint. 10, 1, 81:

praecipui amicorum,

Tac. A. 15, 56 fin.:

remedia calculo humano,

Plin. 11, 49, 109, § 261:

herba dentibus,

id. 25, 13, 107, § 170; cf.:

herba ad serpentium ictus,

id. 8, 27, 41, § 97.— Subst.: praecĭpŭum, i, n., excellence, superiority:

homini praecipui a naturā nihil datum esse,

Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 110.— Plur.: praecĭpŭa, ōrum, n.

In gen., matters of special importance:

duo statim praecipua ex imperatoriā mente monstravit,

Vop. Aur. 23, 1:

principum diversam esse sortem, quibus praecipua rerum ad famam dirigenda,

Tac. A. 4, 40. —

Points of superiority, of excellence:

aurigarum equorumque praecipua vel delicta,

Amm. 14, 6, 25.—

Esp., in the philos. lang. of the Stoics, principal or considerable things, things that come next to absolute good, the Gr. proêgmena, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52 (v. the passage in connection).— Hence, adv.: praecĭpŭē, chiefly, principally, eminently (class.; cf.:

inprimis, maxime, potissimum, praesertim),

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 31:

praecipue de consularibus disputare,

Cic. Sull. 29, 82:

praecipue florere,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

semper Aeduorum civitati praecipue indulserat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40; id. B. C. 3, 68:

rationem praestat praecipue analogia,

Quint. 1, 6, 1:

praecipue quidem apud Ciceronem,

id. 1, 8, 11:

fortasse ubique, in narratione tamen praecipue,

id. 10, 1, 51:

inferioribus praecipueque adulescentulis parcere decet,

id. 11, 1, 68:

praecipue sanus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 108:

quos praecipue fugiam,

Juv. 3, 59:

vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tum his praecipue causis,

id. 9, 119.—

Transf., = praesertim, especially, particularly ( poet. and postAug.):

sed perlectus liber utique ex integro resumendus, praecipueque oratio,

Quint. 10, 1, 20:

ostendunt admirabilem praecipue in aetate illā recti generis voluntatem,

id. 10, 1, 89:

pantheres, leones non attingunt perunctos eo, praecipue si et alium fuerit incoctum,

Plin. 29, 4, 25, § 78; 29, 4, 34, § 107.—So with cum:

sedulitas stulte urget, Praecipue cum se numeris commendat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 261; Quint. 9, 2, 85; Plin. Ep. 3, 10, 4.

praecĭpŭus, a, um, adj. [praecipio], that is taken before other things (cf. princeps): excipuum quod excipitur, ut praecipuum, quod ante capitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 80 Müll.—Hence,

Particular, peculiar, especial (class.;

opp. communis),

Cic. Sull. 3, 9; cf. id. ib. 4, 12; id. Fam. 4, 15, 2; cf. also id. Prov. Cons. 1, 2:

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae conditionem subire,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., that is received beforehand (esp. as an inheritance), special:

praecipua dos,

Dig. 33, 4, 2 fin.:

peculium,

ib. 40, 5, 23; Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 6.— Subst.: praecĭpŭum, ĭi, n., that which is received from an inheritance before the general distribution of the property:

sestertium quingenties cum praecipuum inter legatarios habuisset,

Suet. Galb. 5.—

Transf., like eximius, special, chief, principal, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary:

hic homo'st hominum omnium praecipuos,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1: opera praecipua, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 2:

jus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58: quos praecipuo semper honore Caesar habuit, Caes. B. G. 5, 52:

natura ingenerat praecipuum quendam amorem in eos, qui procreati sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 12:

Cicero praecipuus in eloquentiā vir,

Quint. 6, 3, 3; cf.:

praecipuus scientiā rei militaris,

Tac. A. 12, 40:

vir praecipuus corpore viribusque,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 154: mox praecipuus cui secreta imperatorum inniterentur ( the first), Tac. A. 3, 30.— Absol.:

ex quibus praecipuos attingemus,

Quint. 8, 3, 89:

ponendus inter praecipuos,

id. 10, 1, 116.—With gen.:

philosophorum Platonem esse praecipuum,

Quint. 10, 1, 81:

praecipui amicorum,

Tac. A. 15, 56 fin.:

remedia calculo humano,

Plin. 11, 49, 109, § 261:

herba dentibus,

id. 25, 13, 107, § 170; cf.:

herba ad serpentium ictus,

id. 8, 27, 41, § 97.— Subst.: praecĭpŭum, i, n., excellence, superiority:

homini praecipui a naturā nihil datum esse,

Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 110.— Plur.: praecĭpŭa, ōrum, n.

In gen., matters of special importance:

duo statim praecipua ex imperatoriā mente monstravit,

Vop. Aur. 23, 1:

principum diversam esse sortem, quibus praecipua rerum ad famam dirigenda,

Tac. A. 4, 40. —

Points of superiority, of excellence:

aurigarum equorumque praecipua vel delicta,

Amm. 14, 6, 25.—

Esp., in the philos. lang. of the Stoics, principal or considerable things, things that come next to absolute good, the Gr. proêgmena, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52 (v. the passage in connection).— Hence, adv.: praecĭpŭē, chiefly, principally, eminently (class.; cf.:

inprimis, maxime, potissimum, praesertim),

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 31:

praecipue de consularibus disputare,

Cic. Sull. 29, 82:

praecipue florere,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

semper Aeduorum civitati praecipue indulserat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40; id. B. C. 3, 68:

rationem praestat praecipue analogia,

Quint. 1, 6, 1:

praecipue quidem apud Ciceronem,

id. 1, 8, 11:

fortasse ubique, in narratione tamen praecipue,

id. 10, 1, 51:

inferioribus praecipueque adulescentulis parcere decet,

id. 11, 1, 68:

praecipue sanus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 108:

quos praecipue fugiam,

Juv. 3, 59:

vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tum his praecipue causis,

id. 9, 119.—

Transf., = praesertim, especially, particularly ( poet. and postAug.):

sed perlectus liber utique ex integro resumendus, praecipueque oratio,

Quint. 10, 1, 20:

ostendunt admirabilem praecipue in aetate illā recti generis voluntatem,

id. 10, 1, 89:

pantheres, leones non attingunt perunctos eo, praecipue si et alium fuerit incoctum,

Plin. 29, 4, 25, § 78; 29, 4, 34, § 107.—So with cum:

sedulitas stulte urget, Praecipue cum se numeris commendat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 261; Quint. 9, 2, 85; Plin. Ep. 3, 10, 4.

praecĭpŭus, a, um, adj. [praecipio], that is taken before other things (cf. princeps): excipuum quod excipitur, ut praecipuum, quod ante capitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 80 Müll.—Hence,

Particular, peculiar, especial (class.;

opp. communis),

Cic. Sull. 3, 9; cf. id. ib. 4, 12; id. Fam. 4, 15, 2; cf. also id. Prov. Cons. 1, 2:

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae conditionem subire,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., that is received beforehand (esp. as an inheritance), special:

praecipua dos,

Dig. 33, 4, 2 fin.:

peculium,

ib. 40, 5, 23; Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 6.— Subst.: praecĭpŭum, ĭi, n., that which is received from an inheritance before the general distribution of the property:

sestertium quingenties cum praecipuum inter legatarios habuisset,

Suet. Galb. 5.—

Transf., like eximius, special, chief, principal, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary:

hic homo'st hominum omnium praecipuos,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1: opera praecipua, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 2:

jus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58: quos praecipuo semper honore Caesar habuit, Caes. B. G. 5, 52:

natura ingenerat praecipuum quendam amorem in eos, qui procreati sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 12:

Cicero praecipuus in eloquentiā vir,

Quint. 6, 3, 3; cf.:

praecipuus scientiā rei militaris,

Tac. A. 12, 40:

vir praecipuus corpore viribusque,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 154: mox praecipuus cui secreta imperatorum inniterentur ( the first), Tac. A. 3, 30.— Absol.:

ex quibus praecipuos attingemus,

Quint. 8, 3, 89:

ponendus inter praecipuos,

id. 10, 1, 116.—With gen.:

philosophorum Platonem esse praecipuum,

Quint. 10, 1, 81:

praecipui amicorum,

Tac. A. 15, 56 fin.:

remedia calculo humano,

Plin. 11, 49, 109, § 261:

herba dentibus,

id. 25, 13, 107, § 170; cf.:

herba ad serpentium ictus,

id. 8, 27, 41, § 97.— Subst.: praecĭpŭum, i, n., excellence, superiority:

homini praecipui a naturā nihil datum esse,

Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 110.— Plur.: praecĭpŭa, ōrum, n.

In gen., matters of special importance:

duo statim praecipua ex imperatoriā mente monstravit,

Vop. Aur. 23, 1:

principum diversam esse sortem, quibus praecipua rerum ad famam dirigenda,

Tac. A. 4, 40. —

Points of superiority, of excellence:

aurigarum equorumque praecipua vel delicta,

Amm. 14, 6, 25.—

Esp., in the philos. lang. of the Stoics, principal or considerable things, things that come next to absolute good, the Gr. proêgmena, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52 (v. the passage in connection).— Hence, adv.: praecĭpŭē, chiefly, principally, eminently (class.; cf.:

inprimis, maxime, potissimum, praesertim),

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 31:

praecipue de consularibus disputare,

Cic. Sull. 29, 82:

praecipue florere,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

semper Aeduorum civitati praecipue indulserat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40; id. B. C. 3, 68:

rationem praestat praecipue analogia,

Quint. 1, 6, 1:

praecipue quidem apud Ciceronem,

id. 1, 8, 11:

fortasse ubique, in narratione tamen praecipue,

id. 10, 1, 51:

inferioribus praecipueque adulescentulis parcere decet,

id. 11, 1, 68:

praecipue sanus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 108:

quos praecipue fugiam,

Juv. 3, 59:

vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tum his praecipue causis,

id. 9, 119.—

Transf., = praesertim, especially, particularly ( poet. and postAug.):

sed perlectus liber utique ex integro resumendus, praecipueque oratio,

Quint. 10, 1, 20:

ostendunt admirabilem praecipue in aetate illā recti generis voluntatem,

id. 10, 1, 89:

pantheres, leones non attingunt perunctos eo, praecipue si et alium fuerit incoctum,

Plin. 29, 4, 25, § 78; 29, 4, 34, § 107.—So with cum:

sedulitas stulte urget, Praecipue cum se numeris commendat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 261; Quint. 9, 2, 85; Plin. Ep. 3, 10, 4.

prae-fĕro, tŭli, lātum, ferre, v. a., to bear before, to carry in front, to hold forth.

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

dextrā ardentem facem praeferebat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74; cf.:

alicui facem ad libidinem,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

in fascibus insignia laureae,

Caes. B. C. 3, 71:

fasces praetoribus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 22; Ov. F. 2, 336:

claram facem praeferre pudendis,

Juv. 8, 139.—

Pass. with mid. force: praelatus, riding by, hurrying past:

praelatus equo,

Tac. A. 6, 35:

praelatos hostes adoriri,

Liv. 2, 14 fin.:

praeter castra sua fugā praelati,

id. 7, 24; cf. id. 33, 27.—With acc.:

castra sua praelati,

hurrying past the camp, Liv. 5, 26.—

In partic., to carry in front, to bear along in public, and esp. in religious and triumphal processions:

signa militaria praelata,

Liv. 3, 29; 31, 49:

Pontico triumpho trium verborum praetulit titulum: veni, vidi, vici,

Suet. Caes. 37:

statuam Circensi pompā,

id. Tit. 2.—

Trop.

In gen., to carry before, to place or set before, to offer, present (very rare):

clarissimum lumen praetulistis menti meae,

Cic. Sull. 14, 40: suam vitam, ut legem, praefert suis legibus, to carry one's life before, let it shine before as a guiding law (the image is borrowed from the bearing of torches before a thing), id. Rep. 1, 34, 52 Mos.: apud consulem causam atque excusationem, to offer as a cause, as an excuse, Sisenn. ap. Non. 58, 17.—

In partic.

To place a person or thing before another in esteem, to prefer (very freq.):

quem cui nostrum non saepe praetulit?

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 8; so,

aliquem alicui,

id. Brut. 26, 101:

se alicui,

id. de Or. 2, 84, 342; Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 2; cf.:

virtute belli praeferri omnibus nationibus,

id. ib. 5, 54, 5:

pecuniam amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

jus majestatis atque imperii ipsi naturae patrioque amori, id Fin. 1, 7, 23: vestram voluntatem meis omnibus commodis et rationibus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71:

ergo ille... ipsis est praeferendus doctoribus... Equidem quemadmodum urbes magnas viculis et castellis praeferendas puto, sic, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

Brutus cuilibet ducum praeferendus,

Vell. 2, 69, 3:

puellam puellis,

Ov. M. 4, 56; Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 94:

hoc pueris patriaeque,

Juv. 6, 111: animam praeferre [p. 1419] pudori, id. 8, 83.—With an object-clause, to choose rather, prefer:

cur alter fratrum cessare et ludere et ungi Praeferat Herodis palmetis pinguibus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 184:

ut multi praetulerint carere Penatibus,

Col. 1, 3.—

With ref. to time, to take beforehand, to anticipate (very rare;

not in Cic.): diem triumphi,

Liv. 39, 5, 12:

nec bonus Eurytion praelato invidit honori,

Verg. A. 5, 541; cf.: praelato die, Form. Praet. ap. Dig. 2, 13, 1; 48, 10, 28; cf.

opem,

to bring beforehand, Stat. Th. 6, 476.—

To show, display, exhibit, discover, manifest, expose, reveal, betray, etc. (rare but class.): cum praeferremus sensus aperte, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 4:

avaritiam praefers,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 31, 87:

amorem,

Ov. H. 17, 36:

fons Calirrhoë aquarum gloriam ipso nomine praeferens,

Plin. 5, 16, 15, § 72:

aures in equis animi indicia praeferunt,

id. 11, 37, 50, § 137:

duae aquilae omen duplicis imperii praeferentes,

Just. 12, 16:

modestiam praeferre et lasciviā uti,

Tac. A. 13, 45 (but in id. H. 5, 1, praelatis is corrupted;

the correct read. is privatis): dolorem animi vultu,

Curt. 6, 9, 1:

sapientiae studium habitu corporis,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6.

praerŏgātīvus, a, um, adj. [praerogo], that is asked before others for his opinion, that votes before or first, prerogative (class.).

Adj.:

centuria praerogativa,

Cic. Planc. 20, 49; cf. Fest. p. 249 Müll.; Becker, Antiq. II. 3, p. 3 sq., and the authorities there cited; Mommsen, Die Röm. Tribus, p. 64 sq.—More freq.,

Subst.: praerŏgā-tīva, ae, f. (sc. tribus or centuria). Lit., the tribe or century to which it fell, by lot, to vote first in the Comitia, Cic. Div. 1, 45, 103:

praerogativa Veturia juniorum (because it was double, juniorum and seniorum),

Liv. 26, 22, 2; cf.:

cum sors praerogativae Aniensi juniorum exisset,

id. 24, 7 fin.; cf. id. 26, 22, 2:

Q. Fabium et praerogativae et primo vocatae omnes centuriae consulem dicebant, i. e. the centuriae equitum who, in that ancient time, voted first,

id. 10, 22, 1; cf.: praerogativae sunt tribus, quae primae suffragium ferunt ante jure vocatas. Mos enim fuerat, quo facilius in comitiis concordia populi firmaretur, bina omnia de iisdem candidatis comitia fieri: quorum tribus primae praerogativae dicebantur, quod primae rogarentur, quos vellent consules fieri, secundae jure vocatae, quod in his, sequente populo, ut saepe contigit, praerogativarum voluntatem, jure omnia complerentur, Ascon. ap. Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 26.—Collect. of the same; praerogativa, with plur.:

praerogativa tribunum militum non petentem creant,

Liv. 5, 18, 1.—In plur.:

praerogativae of two comitia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 26: omen praerogativae, i. e. the choice of the century that voted first, which was regarded as an omen, id. Mur. 18, 38; cf.:

praerogativam etiam majores omen justorum comitiorum esse voluerunt,

id. Div. 1, 45, 103:

praerogativam referre, said of the herald who informed the magistrate holding the comitia of the choice of the century that voted first,

id. ib. 2, 35, 74;

also praerogativam renuntiare,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 82.—Because the other tribes or centuries readily followed the praerogativa; hence, transf.

A previous choice or election:

militaris,

Liv. 21, 3, 1:

comitiorum militarium,

id. 3, 51, 8:

equitum,

id. 28, 9 fin. —

A sure sign, token, pregnostie, omen: quod si triumphi praerogativam putas supplicationem, Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:

voluntatis suae,

Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 26:

fecunditatis in feminis,

Plin. 7, 16, 14, § 67.—

Preference, privilege, prerogative:

decoris in gemmis,

Plin. 37, 9, 46, § 129:

magni enim faciunt provinciales, servari sibi consuetudinem istam, et hujusmodi praerogativas,

Dig. 1, 16, 4; cf. ib. 26, 7, 11:

vetus illa imperatoriae domūs praerogativa,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 2; Ambros. in Psa. 43, 13; 118, Serm. 2, 14 fin.

praestō (old collat. form praestū, acc. to Curtius Valerianus in Cassiod. p. 2289 P.: qui praestu sunt, Inscr. Carina Via Appia, 1, p. 217. In later time as adj.: prae-stus, a, um:

bonorum officio praestus fui,

Inscr. Grut. 669, 4), adv. [dat. from praestus, a sup. form from prae, so that praesto esse alicui = to be or stand in the foremost place for or as respects one], at hand, ready, present, here; usually with esse (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

ni tua propitia pax foret praesto,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18: sed ubi est frater? Chaer. Praesto adest, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 120; so Att. Tr. 498:

quod adest praesto in primis placet,

Lucr. 5, 1412; Lact. 3, 7, 10:

sacrificiis omnibus praesto adesse,

id. 2, 16, 10;

more freq., praesto esse: ibi mihi praesto fuit L. Lucilius,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

togulae lictoribus ad portam praesto fuerunt,

id. Pis. 23, 55:

tibi nulla fuit clementia praesto?

hadst thou no compassion? Cat. 64, 137: praesto esse, to arrive, appear:

hirundines aestivo tempore praesto sunt,

Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61.—Without esse ( poet.):

era, eccum praesto militem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 1:

ipsum adeo praesto video,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 4; Stat. Th. 6, 643.—

In partic: praesto esse or adire

To be at hand, to attend or wait upon, to serve, aid:

ero meo ut omnibus locis sine praesto,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:

jus civile didicit, praesto multis fuit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 19:

praesto esse clientem tuum?

id. Att. 10, 8, 3:

saluti tuae praesto esse, praesto esse virtutes ut ancillulas,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 69; id. Fam. 4, 14, 4:

ut ad omnia, quae tui velint, ita assim praesto, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 8, 1; id. Att. 4, 12, 1 fin.;

also with videor,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1 fin. —With adire:

pauper erit praesto semper tibi, pauper adibit primus,

will be at hand, at your service, Tib. 1, 5, 61.—

With esse, to present one's self in a hostile manner, to resist, oppose:

si quis mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus,

Cic. Caecin. 30, 87:

quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 11.

prae-sto, ĭti (post-class. also praestāvi), ātum or ĭtum, 1, v. n. and a.

Neutr., to stand before or in front.

Lit.:

dum primae praestant acies,

Luc. 4, 30.—

Trop., to stand out, be superior, to distinguish one's self, to be excellent, distinguished, admirable; constr. alicui aliquā re, alicui rei, in aliquā re, or absol. (class.):

cum virtute omnibus praestarent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

quantum praestiterint nostri majores prudentiā ceteris gentibus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 192:

quā re homines bestiis praestent,

id. Inv. 1, 4, 5:

hoc praestat amicitia propinquitati, quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Zeuxin muliebri in corpore pingendo plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ceteris,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:

suos inter aequales longe praestitit,

id. Brut. 64, 230:

omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

praestare honestam mortem existimans turpi vitae,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 3:

quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia,

Liv. 1, 57, 7:

cernere, quantum eques Latinus Romano praestet,

id. 8, 7, 7:

quantum vel vir viro vel gens genti praestat!

id. 31, 7, 8:

genere militum praestare tironibus,

id. 42, 52, 10:

tantum Romana in bellis gloria ceteris praestat,

Quint. 1, 10, 14:

qui eloquentiā ceteris praestet,

id. 2, 3, 5; 2, 16, 17; Curt. 8, 14, 13; Just. 18, 3, 14; 28, 2, 11; 44, 3, 9:

sacro, quod praestat, peracto,

Juv. 12, 86:

probro atque petulantiā maxume praestabant,

were pre-eminent, distinguished themselves, Sall. C. 37, 5:

truculentiā caeli praestat Germania,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

cur alias aliis praestare videmus Pondere res rebus?

Lucr. 1, 358.—

Praestat, with a subjectclause, it is preferable or better:

nimio impendiosum praestat te, quam ingratum dicier,

it is much better, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 12:

mori milies praestitit, quam haec pati,

it was better, Cic. Att. 14, 9, 2:

praestare dicunt, Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

it is better, Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

motos praestat componere fluctus,

Verg. A. 1, 135; 3, 429; 6, 39.

To surpass, outstrip, exceed, [p. 1431] excel (not in Cic. or Cæs.; constr. usually aliquem aliquā re): qui primus in alterutrā re praestet alios, Varr. ap. Non. 502, 23; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 10; 3, 1, 3:

quantum Galli virtute ceteros mortales praestarent,

Liv. 5, 36, 4:

qui belli gloriā Gallos omnes Belgasque praestabant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 6:

praestate virtute peditem, ut honore atque ordine praestatis,

Liv. 3, 61, 7:

ut vetustate et gradu honoris nos praestent,

id. 7, 30, 4; 34, 34, 14; 37, 30, 2:

praestat ingenio alius alium,

Quint. 1, 1, 3; Val. Max. 3, 2, 21; 3, 2, ext. 7;

7, 2, 17: honore ceteros,

Nep. Att. 18, 5; 3, 3; id. Reg. 3, 5:

imperatores prudentiā,

id. Hann. 1, 1:

eloquentiā omnes eo tempore,

id. Epam. 6, 1.—Only aliquem, Stat. Th. 4, 838.—

To become surety for, to answer or vouch for, to warrant, be responsible for, to take upon one's self, etc. (class.):

ut omnes ministros imperii tui rei publicae praestare videare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:

quem tamen ego praestare non poteram,

id. Att. 6, 3, 5:

quanto magis arduum est alios praestare quam se, tanto laudabilius,

Plin. Pan. 83:

communem incertumque casum neque vitare quisquam nostrum, nec praestare ullo pacto potest,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3: simus eā mente ut nihil in vitā nobis praestandum praeter culpam putemus, that we need only answer for guilt, i. e. keep ourselves clear of guilt, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

impetus populi praestare nemo potest,

no one can be held to answer for the outbreaks of the people, id. de Or. 2, 28, 124:

periculum judicii,

id. Mur. 2, 3:

damnum alicui,

id. Off. 3, 16:

invidiam,

id. Sest. 28, 61:

nihil,

to be responsible for nothing, id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; cf. in pass.:

cum id, quod ab homine non potuerit praestari, evenerit,

what none could vouch for that it would not happen, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34. —With ab aliquā re:

ego tibi a vi praestare nihil possum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 3.—With de:

quod de te sperare, de me praestare possum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2.—With an objectclause:

quis potest praestare, semper sapientem beatum fore, cum, etc.?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29; cf.:

(praedones) nullos fore, quis praestare poterat?

id. Fl. 12, 28:

meliorem praesto magistro Discipulum,

Juv. 14, 212.—With ut:

illius lacrimae praestant ut veniam culpae non abnuat Osiris,

Juv. 6, 539.—

In gen., to fulfil, discharge, maintain, perform, execute:

arbitramur nos ea praestitisse, quae ratio et doctrina praescripserit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 7:

ultima exspectato, quae ego tibi et jucunda et honesta praestabo,

id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

suum munus,

id. de Or. 2, 9, 38:

hospitii et amicitiae jus officiumque,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

ne quem ejus paeniteret, praestiti,

I took care, exerted myself, Liv. 30, 30; Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 19:

quamcumque ei fidem dederis, ego praestabo,

I will fulfil, keep the promise, Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 2:

fidem alicui,

Liv. 30, 15:

pacem cum iis populus Romanus non ab se tantum, sed ab rege etiam Masinissa praestitit,

maintained, id. 40, 34:

tributa,

to pay, Juv. 3, 188:

annua,

id. 6, 480:

triplicem usuram,

id. 9, 7.— Pass.:

promissum id benignius est ab rege quam praestitum,

Liv. 43, 18, 11:

mea tibi tamen benevolentia fidesque praestabitur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; so,

quibus (victoribus) senatūs fides praestabitur,

id. Phil. 14, 11, 30:

virtus vetat spectare fortunam dum praestetur fides,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79:

ni praestaretur fides publica,

Liv. 2, 28, 7.—

In partic.

To keep, preserve, maintain, retain:

pueri, quibus videmur praestare rem publicam debuisse,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5; Ov. M. 11, 748:

omnes socios salvos praestare poteramus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

mors omnia praestat Vitalem praeter sensum calidumque vaporem,

Lucr. 3, 214. —

To show, exhibit, to prove, evince, manifest:

Pomptinius praestat tibi memoriam benevolentiamque, quam debet,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

neque hercule in iis ipsis rebus eam voluntatem, quam exspectaram, praestiterunt,

id. ib. 1, 9, 5:

virtutem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27:

benevolentiam,

Cic. Att. 11, 1, 1:

consilium suum fidemque,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 134. —With se, to show, prove, or behave one's self as: praesta te eum, qui, etc., show thyself such, as, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

se incolumem,

Lucr. 3, 220:

se invictum,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 104:

teque praesta constanter ad omne Indeclinatae munus amicitiae,

show thyself constant, id. ib. 4, 5, 23:

Victoria nunc quoque se praestet,

show itself, id. ib. 2, 169: sed ne ad illam quidem artissimam innocentiae formulam praestare nos possumus, prove ourselves innocent even according to that rule, Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 1:

juris periti consultatoribus se praestabant,

showed themselves accessible, Dig. 1, 2, 2.— Poet.:

vel magnum praestet Achillem,

should show, prove, approve himself a great Achilles, Verg. A. 11, 438.—

To show, exhibit, manifest:

honorem debitum patri,

Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

fratri pietatem,

id. Brut. 33, 126:

virtutem et diligentiam alicui,

id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:

frequentiam et officium alicui honores petenti,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:

obsequium,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 59, 8:

sedulitatem alicui rei,

to apply, Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 6.—

To give, offer, furnish, present, expose:

alicui certam summam pecuniae,

Suet. Dom. 9: cervicem, Sen. ap. Diom. p. 362 P.:

caput fulminibus,

to expose, Luc. 5, 770:

Hiberus praestat nomen terris,

id. 4, 23:

anser praestat ex se pullos atque plumam,

Col. 8, 13:

cum senatui sententiam praestaret,

gave his vote, Cic. Pis. 32, 80:

terga hosti,

to turn one's back to the enemy, to flee, Tac. Agr. 37:

voluptatem perpetuam sapienti,

to assume, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 89.— Pass.:

pueri, quibus id (biduum) praestabatur,

was devoted, Quint. 1, prooem. § 7; cf.:

corpus, cui omnia olim tamquam servo praestabantur, nunc tamquam domino parantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 19.—Hence, praestans, antis, P. a., pre-eminent, superior, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary.

In gen. (class.).

Of persons:

omnibus praestans et ingenio et diligentiā,

far surpassing all, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 22:

usu et sapientiā praestantes,

noted for their experience and wisdom, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2.— Comp.:

virginibus praestantior omnibus Herse,

superior to all, Ov. M. 2, 724.— Sup.:

in illis artibus praestantissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

praestantissimi studio atque doctrinā,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—With gen.:

o praestans animi juvenis,

distinguished for courage, Verg. A. 12, 19:

belli,

Sil. 5, 92:

armorum,

Stat. Th. 1, 605:

praestantissimus sapientiae,

Tac. A. 6, 6.— Poet., with objectclause:

quo non praestantior alter Aere ciere viros,

whom no other excelled in rousing the men, Verg. A. 6, 164.—

Of things, pre-eminent, excellent, remarkable, extraordinary, distinguished:

praestanti corpore Nymphae,

Verg. A. 1, 71:

praestanti corpore tauri,

id. G. 4, 550:

formā,

id. A. 7, 483:

naturā excellens atque praestans,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

qui a te tractatus est praestanti et singulari fide,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

praestans prudentiā in omnibus,

Nep. Alc. 5, 1; Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

quid praestantius mihi potuit accidere?

id. Vatin. 3, 8.—

In partic.

Efficacious:

medicina,

Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 130:

usus praestantior,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 126:

calamus praestantior odore,

id. 12, 22, 48, § 105:

sucus sapore praestantissimus,

id. 15, 1, 2, § 5:

praestantissima auxilia,

id. 27, 13, 120, § 146.—

Sup.:

Praestantissimus,

a title of the later emperors, Nazar. 26; Tert. Cor. Mil. 1.— Hence, adv.: praestanter, excellently, admirably (post-Aug.); sup.:

praestantissime,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 186.

praestō (old collat. form praestū, acc. to Curtius Valerianus in Cassiod. p. 2289 P.: qui praestu sunt, Inscr. Carina Via Appia, 1, p. 217. In later time as adj.: prae-stus, a, um:

bonorum officio praestus fui,

Inscr. Grut. 669, 4), adv. [dat. from praestus, a sup. form from prae, so that praesto esse alicui = to be or stand in the foremost place for or as respects one], at hand, ready, present, here; usually with esse (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

ni tua propitia pax foret praesto,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18: sed ubi est frater? Chaer. Praesto adest, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 120; so Att. Tr. 498:

quod adest praesto in primis placet,

Lucr. 5, 1412; Lact. 3, 7, 10:

sacrificiis omnibus praesto adesse,

id. 2, 16, 10;

more freq., praesto esse: ibi mihi praesto fuit L. Lucilius,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

togulae lictoribus ad portam praesto fuerunt,

id. Pis. 23, 55:

tibi nulla fuit clementia praesto?

hadst thou no compassion? Cat. 64, 137: praesto esse, to arrive, appear:

hirundines aestivo tempore praesto sunt,

Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61.—Without esse ( poet.):

era, eccum praesto militem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 1:

ipsum adeo praesto video,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 4; Stat. Th. 6, 643.—

In partic: praesto esse or adire

To be at hand, to attend or wait upon, to serve, aid:

ero meo ut omnibus locis sine praesto,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:

jus civile didicit, praesto multis fuit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 19:

praesto esse clientem tuum?

id. Att. 10, 8, 3:

saluti tuae praesto esse, praesto esse virtutes ut ancillulas,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 69; id. Fam. 4, 14, 4:

ut ad omnia, quae tui velint, ita assim praesto, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 8, 1; id. Att. 4, 12, 1 fin.;

also with videor,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1 fin. —With adire:

pauper erit praesto semper tibi, pauper adibit primus,

will be at hand, at your service, Tib. 1, 5, 61.—

With esse, to present one's self in a hostile manner, to resist, oppose:

si quis mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus,

Cic. Caecin. 30, 87:

quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 11.

prae-sto, ĭti (post-class. also praestāvi), ātum or ĭtum, 1, v. n. and a.

Neutr., to stand before or in front.

Lit.:

dum primae praestant acies,

Luc. 4, 30.—

Trop., to stand out, be superior, to distinguish one's self, to be excellent, distinguished, admirable; constr. alicui aliquā re, alicui rei, in aliquā re, or absol. (class.):

cum virtute omnibus praestarent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

quantum praestiterint nostri majores prudentiā ceteris gentibus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 192:

quā re homines bestiis praestent,

id. Inv. 1, 4, 5:

hoc praestat amicitia propinquitati, quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Zeuxin muliebri in corpore pingendo plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ceteris,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:

suos inter aequales longe praestitit,

id. Brut. 64, 230:

omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

praestare honestam mortem existimans turpi vitae,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 3:

quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia,

Liv. 1, 57, 7:

cernere, quantum eques Latinus Romano praestet,

id. 8, 7, 7:

quantum vel vir viro vel gens genti praestat!

id. 31, 7, 8:

genere militum praestare tironibus,

id. 42, 52, 10:

tantum Romana in bellis gloria ceteris praestat,

Quint. 1, 10, 14:

qui eloquentiā ceteris praestet,

id. 2, 3, 5; 2, 16, 17; Curt. 8, 14, 13; Just. 18, 3, 14; 28, 2, 11; 44, 3, 9:

sacro, quod praestat, peracto,

Juv. 12, 86:

probro atque petulantiā maxume praestabant,

were pre-eminent, distinguished themselves, Sall. C. 37, 5:

truculentiā caeli praestat Germania,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

cur alias aliis praestare videmus Pondere res rebus?

Lucr. 1, 358.—

Praestat, with a subjectclause, it is preferable or better:

nimio impendiosum praestat te, quam ingratum dicier,

it is much better, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 12:

mori milies praestitit, quam haec pati,

it was better, Cic. Att. 14, 9, 2:

praestare dicunt, Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

it is better, Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

motos praestat componere fluctus,

Verg. A. 1, 135; 3, 429; 6, 39.

To surpass, outstrip, exceed, [p. 1431] excel (not in Cic. or Cæs.; constr. usually aliquem aliquā re): qui primus in alterutrā re praestet alios, Varr. ap. Non. 502, 23; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 10; 3, 1, 3:

quantum Galli virtute ceteros mortales praestarent,

Liv. 5, 36, 4:

qui belli gloriā Gallos omnes Belgasque praestabant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 6:

praestate virtute peditem, ut honore atque ordine praestatis,

Liv. 3, 61, 7:

ut vetustate et gradu honoris nos praestent,

id. 7, 30, 4; 34, 34, 14; 37, 30, 2:

praestat ingenio alius alium,

Quint. 1, 1, 3; Val. Max. 3, 2, 21; 3, 2, ext. 7;

7, 2, 17: honore ceteros,

Nep. Att. 18, 5; 3, 3; id. Reg. 3, 5:

imperatores prudentiā,

id. Hann. 1, 1:

eloquentiā omnes eo tempore,

id. Epam. 6, 1.—Only aliquem, Stat. Th. 4, 838.—

To become surety for, to answer or vouch for, to warrant, be responsible for, to take upon one's self, etc. (class.):

ut omnes ministros imperii tui rei publicae praestare videare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:

quem tamen ego praestare non poteram,

id. Att. 6, 3, 5:

quanto magis arduum est alios praestare quam se, tanto laudabilius,

Plin. Pan. 83:

communem incertumque casum neque vitare quisquam nostrum, nec praestare ullo pacto potest,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3: simus eā mente ut nihil in vitā nobis praestandum praeter culpam putemus, that we need only answer for guilt, i. e. keep ourselves clear of guilt, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

impetus populi praestare nemo potest,

no one can be held to answer for the outbreaks of the people, id. de Or. 2, 28, 124:

periculum judicii,

id. Mur. 2, 3:

damnum alicui,

id. Off. 3, 16:

invidiam,

id. Sest. 28, 61:

nihil,

to be responsible for nothing, id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; cf. in pass.:

cum id, quod ab homine non potuerit praestari, evenerit,

what none could vouch for that it would not happen, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34. —With ab aliquā re:

ego tibi a vi praestare nihil possum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 3.—With de:

quod de te sperare, de me praestare possum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2.—With an objectclause:

quis potest praestare, semper sapientem beatum fore, cum, etc.?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29; cf.:

(praedones) nullos fore, quis praestare poterat?

id. Fl. 12, 28:

meliorem praesto magistro Discipulum,

Juv. 14, 212.—With ut:

illius lacrimae praestant ut veniam culpae non abnuat Osiris,

Juv. 6, 539.—

In gen., to fulfil, discharge, maintain, perform, execute:

arbitramur nos ea praestitisse, quae ratio et doctrina praescripserit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 7:

ultima exspectato, quae ego tibi et jucunda et honesta praestabo,

id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

suum munus,

id. de Or. 2, 9, 38:

hospitii et amicitiae jus officiumque,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

ne quem ejus paeniteret, praestiti,

I took care, exerted myself, Liv. 30, 30; Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 19:

quamcumque ei fidem dederis, ego praestabo,

I will fulfil, keep the promise, Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 2:

fidem alicui,

Liv. 30, 15:

pacem cum iis populus Romanus non ab se tantum, sed ab rege etiam Masinissa praestitit,

maintained, id. 40, 34:

tributa,

to pay, Juv. 3, 188:

annua,

id. 6, 480:

triplicem usuram,

id. 9, 7.— Pass.:

promissum id benignius est ab rege quam praestitum,

Liv. 43, 18, 11:

mea tibi tamen benevolentia fidesque praestabitur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; so,

quibus (victoribus) senatūs fides praestabitur,

id. Phil. 14, 11, 30:

virtus vetat spectare fortunam dum praestetur fides,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79:

ni praestaretur fides publica,

Liv. 2, 28, 7.—

In partic.

To keep, preserve, maintain, retain:

pueri, quibus videmur praestare rem publicam debuisse,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5; Ov. M. 11, 748:

omnes socios salvos praestare poteramus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

mors omnia praestat Vitalem praeter sensum calidumque vaporem,

Lucr. 3, 214. —

To show, exhibit, to prove, evince, manifest:

Pomptinius praestat tibi memoriam benevolentiamque, quam debet,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

neque hercule in iis ipsis rebus eam voluntatem, quam exspectaram, praestiterunt,

id. ib. 1, 9, 5:

virtutem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27:

benevolentiam,

Cic. Att. 11, 1, 1:

consilium suum fidemque,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 134. —With se, to show, prove, or behave one's self as: praesta te eum, qui, etc., show thyself such, as, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

se incolumem,

Lucr. 3, 220:

se invictum,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 104:

teque praesta constanter ad omne Indeclinatae munus amicitiae,

show thyself constant, id. ib. 4, 5, 23:

Victoria nunc quoque se praestet,

show itself, id. ib. 2, 169: sed ne ad illam quidem artissimam innocentiae formulam praestare nos possumus, prove ourselves innocent even according to that rule, Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 1:

juris periti consultatoribus se praestabant,

showed themselves accessible, Dig. 1, 2, 2.— Poet.:

vel magnum praestet Achillem,

should show, prove, approve himself a great Achilles, Verg. A. 11, 438.—

To show, exhibit, manifest:

honorem debitum patri,

Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

fratri pietatem,

id. Brut. 33, 126:

virtutem et diligentiam alicui,

id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:

frequentiam et officium alicui honores petenti,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:

obsequium,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 59, 8:

sedulitatem alicui rei,

to apply, Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 6.—

To give, offer, furnish, present, expose:

alicui certam summam pecuniae,

Suet. Dom. 9: cervicem, Sen. ap. Diom. p. 362 P.:

caput fulminibus,

to expose, Luc. 5, 770:

Hiberus praestat nomen terris,

id. 4, 23:

anser praestat ex se pullos atque plumam,

Col. 8, 13:

cum senatui sententiam praestaret,

gave his vote, Cic. Pis. 32, 80:

terga hosti,

to turn one's back to the enemy, to flee, Tac. Agr. 37:

voluptatem perpetuam sapienti,

to assume, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 89.— Pass.:

pueri, quibus id (biduum) praestabatur,

was devoted, Quint. 1, prooem. § 7; cf.:

corpus, cui omnia olim tamquam servo praestabantur, nunc tamquam domino parantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 19.—Hence, praestans, antis, P. a., pre-eminent, superior, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary.

In gen. (class.).

Of persons:

omnibus praestans et ingenio et diligentiā,

far surpassing all, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 22:

usu et sapientiā praestantes,

noted for their experience and wisdom, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2.— Comp.:

virginibus praestantior omnibus Herse,

superior to all, Ov. M. 2, 724.— Sup.:

in illis artibus praestantissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

praestantissimi studio atque doctrinā,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—With gen.:

o praestans animi juvenis,

distinguished for courage, Verg. A. 12, 19:

belli,

Sil. 5, 92:

armorum,

Stat. Th. 1, 605:

praestantissimus sapientiae,

Tac. A. 6, 6.— Poet., with objectclause:

quo non praestantior alter Aere ciere viros,

whom no other excelled in rousing the men, Verg. A. 6, 164.—

Of things, pre-eminent, excellent, remarkable, extraordinary, distinguished:

praestanti corpore Nymphae,

Verg. A. 1, 71:

praestanti corpore tauri,

id. G. 4, 550:

formā,

id. A. 7, 483:

naturā excellens atque praestans,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

qui a te tractatus est praestanti et singulari fide,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

praestans prudentiā in omnibus,

Nep. Alc. 5, 1; Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

quid praestantius mihi potuit accidere?

id. Vatin. 3, 8.—

In partic.

Efficacious:

medicina,

Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 130:

usus praestantior,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 126:

calamus praestantior odore,

id. 12, 22, 48, § 105:

sucus sapore praestantissimus,

id. 15, 1, 2, § 5:

praestantissima auxilia,

id. 27, 13, 120, § 146.—

Sup.:

Praestantissimus,

a title of the later emperors, Nazar. 26; Tert. Cor. Mil. 1.— Hence, adv.: praestanter, excellently, admirably (post-Aug.); sup.:

praestantissime,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 186.

prō-mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and prō-mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. a.

To deserve, be deserving of, merit, in a good or bad sense (class.)

In gen.:

retineri nequeo, quin dicam ea, quae promeres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 15; id. Am. 5, 2, 12:

quid mali sum promeritus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20:

ita velim me promerentem ames,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47:

reus levius punitus quam sit ille promeritus,

Cic. Inv 2, 28, 83:

poenam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 63.—In a good sense:

promeruisti, ut ne quid ores, quin impetres,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 41:

promerenti optime hoccine pretii redditur,

id. As. 1, 2, 2;

deorum indulgentiam,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

amorem,

Suet. Calig. 3:

omnium voluntatem,

id. Tit. 1 dies qui primus videre Promeruit nasci mundum, Sedul. 5, 318.—

Esp., to deserve of one any thing (good or bad); constr. usu. with de or absol., rarely with acc.:

numquam referre gratiam possum satis, proinde ut tu promeritus de me,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12:

paratiores erunt ad bene de multis promerendum,

Cic. Off 2, 15, 53.—

Transf., to acquire, gain, earn, get, win homines tenues unum habent in nostrum ordinem aut promerendi aut proferendi beneficii losum, Cic. Mur. 34, 70 socios, Suet. Aug. 3:

principem,

Plin. Pan. 62:

ego te numquam negabo Promeritam,

Verg. A. 4, 335:

per hostias deos laevos,

i. e. to render favorable, to propitiate, Arn. 7, 229; cf. pass.:

talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus,

is won, conciliated, Vulg. Heb. 13, 6.—Hence, prō-mĕrĭtum, i, n, desert (good or evil), merit. —In good sense, Pac. ap. Non. 307, 10 (Trag. Rel. p. 79 Rib.); Lucr 2, 651; Cic. Red. ad Quir. 4, 8; Ov. F 4, 394.—In bad sense, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 49; Auct. B. Afr. 90.

prō-mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and prō-mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. a.

To deserve, be deserving of, merit, in a good or bad sense (class.)

In gen.:

retineri nequeo, quin dicam ea, quae promeres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 15; id. Am. 5, 2, 12:

quid mali sum promeritus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20:

ita velim me promerentem ames,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47:

reus levius punitus quam sit ille promeritus,

Cic. Inv 2, 28, 83:

poenam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 63.—In a good sense:

promeruisti, ut ne quid ores, quin impetres,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 41:

promerenti optime hoccine pretii redditur,

id. As. 1, 2, 2;

deorum indulgentiam,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

amorem,

Suet. Calig. 3:

omnium voluntatem,

id. Tit. 1 dies qui primus videre Promeruit nasci mundum, Sedul. 5, 318.—

Esp., to deserve of one any thing (good or bad); constr. usu. with de or absol., rarely with acc.:

numquam referre gratiam possum satis, proinde ut tu promeritus de me,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12:

paratiores erunt ad bene de multis promerendum,

Cic. Off 2, 15, 53.—

Transf., to acquire, gain, earn, get, win homines tenues unum habent in nostrum ordinem aut promerendi aut proferendi beneficii losum, Cic. Mur. 34, 70 socios, Suet. Aug. 3:

principem,

Plin. Pan. 62:

ego te numquam negabo Promeritam,

Verg. A. 4, 335:

per hostias deos laevos,

i. e. to render favorable, to propitiate, Arn. 7, 229; cf. pass.:

talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus,

is won, conciliated, Vulg. Heb. 13, 6.—Hence, prō-mĕrĭtum, i, n, desert (good or evil), merit. —In good sense, Pac. ap. Non. 307, 10 (Trag. Rel. p. 79 Rib.); Lucr 2, 651; Cic. Red. ad Quir. 4, 8; Ov. F 4, 394.—In bad sense, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 49; Auct. B. Afr. 90.

prō-mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and prō-mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. a.

To deserve, be deserving of, merit, in a good or bad sense (class.)

In gen.:

retineri nequeo, quin dicam ea, quae promeres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 15; id. Am. 5, 2, 12:

quid mali sum promeritus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20:

ita velim me promerentem ames,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47:

reus levius punitus quam sit ille promeritus,

Cic. Inv 2, 28, 83:

poenam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 63.—In a good sense:

promeruisti, ut ne quid ores, quin impetres,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 41:

promerenti optime hoccine pretii redditur,

id. As. 1, 2, 2;

deorum indulgentiam,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

amorem,

Suet. Calig. 3:

omnium voluntatem,

id. Tit. 1 dies qui primus videre Promeruit nasci mundum, Sedul. 5, 318.—

Esp., to deserve of one any thing (good or bad); constr. usu. with de or absol., rarely with acc.:

numquam referre gratiam possum satis, proinde ut tu promeritus de me,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12:

paratiores erunt ad bene de multis promerendum,

Cic. Off 2, 15, 53.—

Transf., to acquire, gain, earn, get, win homines tenues unum habent in nostrum ordinem aut promerendi aut proferendi beneficii losum, Cic. Mur. 34, 70 socios, Suet. Aug. 3:

principem,

Plin. Pan. 62:

ego te numquam negabo Promeritam,

Verg. A. 4, 335:

per hostias deos laevos,

i. e. to render favorable, to propitiate, Arn. 7, 229; cf. pass.:

talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus,

is won, conciliated, Vulg. Heb. 13, 6.—Hence, prō-mĕrĭtum, i, n, desert (good or evil), merit. —In good sense, Pac. ap. Non. 307, 10 (Trag. Rel. p. 79 Rib.); Lucr 2, 651; Cic. Red. ad Quir. 4, 8; Ov. F 4, 394.—In bad sense, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 49; Auct. B. Afr. 90.

prōmo, mpsi (msi), mptum (mtum), 3, v. a. [pro-emo], to take, give, or bring out or forth, to produce (freq. and class.; syn.: profero, effero)

Lit.:

si quid tibi opus erit promptu, promito,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 113: Pa. Prompsisti tu illi vinum? Lu. Non prompsi, id. Mil. 3, 2, 16:

pecuniam ex aerario,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

signa ex aerario prompta,

Liv. 3, 69 fin.:

medicamenta de narthecio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

aurum ex armario,

id. Cael. 21, 52:

libros inde,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

vina dolio,

Hor. Epod. 2, 47:

promptum vagina pugionem,

Tac. A. 15, 54 aliquid in usus, Col. 2, 10, 16: se, to come forth or out:

laetique cavo se robore promunt,

Verg. A. 2, 260:

vites promunt se,

put forth, shoot out, Col. 3, 12, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to bring, put, or draw forth est aliquid, quod non ex usu forensi...sit promendum et assumendum, Cic. de Or 1, 14, 59:

loci, e quibus argumenta promuntur,

id. Top. 2, 7:

nunc promenda tibi sunt consilia,

id. Att. 9, 18, 2:

promere et exercere justitiam,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10:

nunc illas promite vires,

Verg. A. 5, 191.—

In partic., to bring to light, disclose, utter, tell, express, relate, etc.: percuntanti promere omnia. Plaut. As. 1, 1, 10:

rerum ordinem,

Vell. 2, 48, 6:

magnificam orationem de semet ipso prompsit,

Tac. H. 2, 90. verba, quae sensum animi nostri optime promunt, Quint. 8 praef. §

32: animi voluntatem,

id. 12, 10, 40: promere aliquid loquendo, id. 2, 16, 15:

quid ipse sim secutus promam,

id. 7, 1, 3: qui pueris utile carmen prompturus est, wishes to publish, App. Flor. p 358 med.; cf.:

insignem attenuat deus, Obscura promens,

raising into notice, Hor. C. 1, 34, 14.—Hence, promp-tus ( promtus), a, um, P. a., prop. brought to light, exposed to view; hence,

Visible, apparent, evident, manifest (rare but class.): inimicitiam atque amicitiam in frontem promptam gero, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 8, 6 (Trag. v 8 Vahl.):

aliud clausum in pectore, aliud promptum in linguā habere,

Sall. C. 10, 5:

tametsi hoc minime latet, quod ita promptum et propositum est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am 40, 118 prompta et aperta, id. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

eminentia et prompta,

id. de Or. 3, 57, 215:

consilia, locos, prompta, occulta noverat,

Tac. A. 2, 20.— Sup.:

nihil se tam clausum neque tam reconditum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42.—

Transf.

At hand, i. e. prepared, ready, quick, prompt, inclined or disposed to or for any thing = paratus, expeditus.

Absol.:

laudat promptos, segniores castigat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

promptissimus homo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

cetera, quae tibi a multis prompta esse certo scio, a me sunt paratissima,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

fidem alicui promptam expositamque praebere,

id. Caecin. 27, 78:

quorum cognoverat promptam audaciam,

Sall. C. 32, 2:

quod cuique promptum, arma, equos, aurum offerentes,

Tac. A. 1, 71:

sagittae,

Ov. M. 3, 188:

prompta et profluens eloquentia,

Tac. A. 13, 3.— Sup., Just. 22, 2, 12.—

With ad or in aliquid (rarely in aliquū re):

ad bella suscipienda Gallorum aiacer et promptus est animus,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19 fin.:

animus ad defendendam rem publicam, Cic Fam. 3, 11, 4. esse animo prompto ad jocandum,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1:

homines ad vim prompti, ad seditionem parati,

id. Agr 2, 30, 82:

paratior ad usum forensem promptiorque esse,

id. Div. in Caecil. 13, 41:

promptiores ad nostra pericula,

id. Off. 1, 24, 83:

promptus ad lacessendum certamen, Liv 44, 4, 2: ad injurias vicinorum,

Just. 23, 1, 3:

promptus in pavorem,

Tac. A. 15, 25 fin.:

in adulationes,

id. ib. 15, 61: in latrocinia, Flor 4, 12, 10; cf. in comp.:

promptior in spem,

Tac. Agr. 35 fin.; and in sup.:

Dalmatae in latrocinia promptissimi, Flor 4, 12, 10: celeritas prompta et parata in agendo,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154:

in rebus gerendis promptus,

Nep. Them. 1, 4.—

With pro or adversus (very rare):

utemini nobis etiam promptioribus pro patriā,

Liv. 22, 59, 11:

promptus adversus insontes,

Tac. A. 6, 48 fin. —

With abl.:

non promptus ingenio,

Liv. 4, 3:

linguā promptus,

id. 2, 45 fin.; cf.:

sermone promptus,

Tac. H. 2, 86:

promptus audaciā,

id. A. 1, 57; 14, 40:

promptus animo,

id. ib. 14, 58.— Comp.:

haud quisquam manu promptior erat,

Liv. 2, 56:

promptior linguā quam manu,

Sall. J. 44, 1.—

With gen.:

promptus animi,

Tac. H. 2, 23.— Sup.:

belli promptissimos delegebant, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus Mess. (H. 2, 13 Dietsch): Plato veritatis omnibus exhibendae promptissimus,

Gell. 10, 22, 1.—

With dat. (rare except in Tacitus):

promptus libertati aut ad mortem animus,

Tac. A. 4, 46:

seditioni,

id. ib. 1, 48:

cuicumque fiagitio,

id. ib. 15, 45:

ultioni,

id. ib. 11, 32:

nullam gentem promptiorem veniae dandae fuisse,

Liv. 25, 16, 12. —

With inf. ( poet.):

promptus metuenda pati,

Luc. 7, 105:

scis ipse, quam promptae superos incessere Thebae,

Stat. Th. 7, 209.—

In gen., brave, courageous: maxime vellem, rem publicam in periculis a promptissumo quoque defendi, Sall. Or. Phil. cont. Lep. (H. 1, 48 Dietsch); Tac. Agr. 3; id. H. 2, 25; 3, 69.—

Easy, practicable:

facilis et prompta defensio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237:

moenia haudquaquam prompta oppugnanti,

Liv. 23, 1 fin.:

regnum,

Just. 29, 2, 5:

expugnatio,

Tac. A. 1, 68:

possessio,

id. ib. 2, 5:

aditus, obvia comitas,

id. ib. 2, 2 fin.:

promptissima mortis via,

id. ib. 16, 17: promptum est, with inf., it is easy: sed nec mihi dicere promptum, Nec facere est illi, Ov M. 13, 10; Tac. A. 15, 41.—Hence, adv.: promptē (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Readily, quickly, without delay, willingly, promptly:

dare operam,

Tac. A. 15, 52: distribuere pecuniam legatis, Val. Max. 4, 3, 9.— Comp.:

promptius adversari,

Tac. A. 2, 38:

dirumpere imagines (opp. cunctanter),

id. H. 1, 55.— Sup.:

promptissime adesse alicui,

Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 11.—

Easily:

promptius expediam,

Juv. 10, 220:

victoria promptissime licentiam sumministrat,

Val. Max. 6, 5, 1.