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1 στάδιον
στάδιον [pron. full] [ᾰ], Argive [full] σπάδιον (q.v.), τό: pl. στάδια and heterocl. στάδιοι; Hdt. uses both,Aστάδιοι 1.26
, 2.149, 158, al.,στάδια 4.101
, 5.53, 9.23, al.; so Th. in the same chapter (7.78 ) has στάδια once and σταδίους twice; (lyr.), Ar.Av.6, Antiph.100, Pl.Phdr. 229c; , Pl.Criti. 113c, 117e, PCair.Zen. 388.6 (iii B.C.), etc.; the sg. masc. is not found:I as a standard of length, stade,= 100 ὀργυιαί or 6 πλέθρα (Hdt.2.149), i.e. 600 Greek, 606 3/4 English feet, about 1/8 of a Roman mile, Plb.3.39.8, 34.12.4, cf. Plin.HN2.85, Hero *Deff.131; a longer stade, of which there were 7 1/2 in a Roman mile, is implied by D.C.52.21.2 metaph., ἑκατὸν σταδίοισιν ἄριστος 'best by a hundred miles', Ar. Nu. 430;πλεῖν ἢ σταδίῳ λαλίστερα Id.Ra.91
.II race-course, IG22.677.3, etc. (because the most noted, that of Olympia, was exactly a stade long): prop. a single course, opp. δίαυλος, Pi.O.13.37, IG22.2313.23, SIG1067.9 (Rhodes, ii B.C.), etc.;σταδίου δρόμος Pi.O. 13.30
; γυμνὸν ς., opp. ὁπλίτης δρόμος, Id.P.11.49;ὠκύτερον σταδίου Thgn.1306
; ἀγωνίζεσθαι ς. run a race, Hdt.5.22;ἁμιλλᾶσθαι Pl.Lg. 833a
;νικᾶν X.HG1.2.1
, cf. Pi.N.8.16; ; of the building, IG22.351.16, 677.3, PRyl.93.16 (iii A.D.), etc.; ἐν σταδίοις, i.e. in the amphitheatre, CIG 4377 ([place name] Sagalassos).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στάδιον
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2 σῐδηρος
σῐ́δηροςGrammatical information: m. (f. Nic. Th. 923)Meaning: `iron, steel', also `iron tool, sword, iron weapon etc.', metaph. `(iron) toughness' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. -ᾱρος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. σιδηρό-φρων `iron-minded' (A., E.), σιδηρο-κόντρα f. `hunting spear' (Gortyn, Sagalassos; Zingerle Glotta 19, 80ff.), ὁλο-σίδηρος `made completely of iron' (Attika, Delos a. o.).Derivatives: (Dor. forms not esp. indicated): Subst. 1. σιδήρ-ιον n. `iron tool' (IA., Cret.); 2. - ίσκος m. des. of a medic. instrument (Crete V--IVa; as ὀβελίσκος a. o.; Chantraine Form. 408); 3. - εῖα, - εῖον n. `iron mine' (Arist., Delos etc.); 4. - εύς m. `iron smith' (X. a.o.; Bosshardt 56); 5. - ίτης m., - ῖτις f. `made of iron, iron' (Pi., Eup. a. o.), also name of a stone (Plin., Orph. a.o.) and several plants, "vervain" (J., Dsc. a. o.; as healing wounds by stabbing, s. Strömberg Pfl.namen 89, Redard 61, 76 etc. [s. index]). Adj. 6. - ε(ι)ος, - οῦς, - ιος `iron' (Il.); 7. - ήεις `id.' (Nic.), - όεις (EM), - εόεις (Ep. Alex. Adesp.); 8. - ώδης `id.' (sch.). Verbs; 9. - όομαι, - όω `to be provided with i.' (Th., inscr. etc.) with - ωσις f. `ironwork' (Att. inscr. a. o.), - ώματα n. pl. `iron mountings' (pap. Vp), - ωτός `to stud with i.' ( Edict. Diocl.); 10. - εύω `to work with i., to forge' (Poll.) with - εία f. `ironwork' (X.); 11. - ίζω `to resemble i., to contain i.' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unexplained. As iron and use of it reached the Greeks prob. from Asia Minor, the Pontus and Caucasus area, the word prob. came the same way. The similarity with Caucas. (Udian) zido `iron' is therefore perh. not accidental; it is also possible that zido was a loan from σίδηρος. -- The old connection with Lat. sīdus `constellation' (Pott) A. W. Persson tried (s. Kretschmer Glotta 26, 64) to give a new foundation assuming, that σίδηρος orig. referred to meteoric iron. Still diff. Deroy Ant. class. 31, 98 ff. (with further very bold combinations): prop. "the red metall" and with σίδη `pomegranate' from pregr. * sida `red'. Crepajac too KZ 80, 249ff. believes in connection with σίδη, but as Illyr. LW [loanword] (IE *su̯eid- 'gleam, be red'). -- Further lit. on σίδηρος and to the other IE words for `iron' in Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 234ff. -- Furnée 105 n. connects Udian zido and thinks the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,703-704Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῐδηρος
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