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1 ἐλεύθερος
Grammatical information: adj.Dialectal forms: Myc. ereutero \/ eleutheros\/.Compounds: rarely as 1. member, e. g. ἐλευθερό-στομος `with free mouth' (A.); as 2. member a. o. in ἀπ-ελεύθερος `freedman' (Att.), mostly taken as postverbal to ἀπ-ελευθερόω `make free, make freedman' (Pl., Arist.), Schwyzer 421, Strömberg Greek Prefix Studies 39f. m. Lit.Derivatives: ἐλευθερία `freedom' (Pi.) with ἐλευθεριωτικός `proclaiming freedom' (Him.); denomin. verbs: ἐλευθερόω `make free' (Ion.-Att.) with ἐλευθέρ-ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτής; ἐλευθερεσθείς (Thess., Schwyzer 736 w. lit.); ἐλευθέριος `as a free man' (Ion.-Att.), also as surname of Zeus (Pi., Hdt., because of the victory on the Persians) with Έλευθεριών month name (Halikarnassos); ἐλευθεριότης `frankness, liberality' (Pl.) and the denomin. ἐλευθεριάζω `speak and act as a free man' (Pl.); ἐλευθερικός `belonging to a free man' (Pl. Lg. 701e beside δεσποτικός; 919e beside the bahuvrihi ἀν-ελεύθερος; cf. Chantraine Études sur le vocab. gr. 146). Cret. ἐλούθερος with sec. voalism (Schwyzer 194)..Etymology: Old adjective, also in: Lat. līber, - era, also as gods name = Venet. Louzera, Pelign. loufir, Osc. (Iúveis) Lúvfreis = ( Iovis) Līberī; cf. Falisc. lōferta = līberta, OLat. loebertāt-em = Falisk. loifirtat-o; uncertain Toch. A lyutāri `the upper (men), overseer?' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 181). - One starts from an old word for `people', which is found elsewhere, in Germanic and Balto-Slavic: OHG liut `people', pl. liuti `people', OE lēod `people', Lith. liáudis `lower people', Csl., Russ. ljudъ `people', OCS ljúdьje, Russ. ljúdi pl. `men, people'; IE * h₁leudh-o-, -i-; from there also Burgund. leudis `a free man', OCS ORuss. ljudinъ `free man'; ἐλεύθερος, līber (\< IE * h₁leudh-ero-s), so prop. `belonging to the people', as opposed to the subjected peoples. - Against Altheims idea (s. W.-Hofmann s. 3. Līber), the Ital. Līber came through Oscan from the Greeks (: Ζεὺς Έλευθέριος, Διόνυσος Έλευθερεύς; s. above), see v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 334 n. 2, also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 89 (1956) 17f., who points to Venet. Louzera, which shows that the god was original in Italy (see Krahe Das Venetische 24). - Rich litt. in W.-Hofmann s. 2. līber, 3. Līber and līberī, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. liáudis, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. ljúd. - See also ἐλεύσομαι. The laryngeal is seen in Skt. vī-rudh- `plant', anū-rudh- (Mayrh. EWAia 2, 467ff.) - Of forein origin but perh. reshaped after ἐλεύθερος and with oppositive accent the PlaceN Έλευθεραί, from which Έλευθερεύς as surname of Dionysos; cf. on Εἰλείθυια and Έλευίς. - On the meaning Benveniste, Institutions 1. 321ff.Page in Frisk: 1,491Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλεύθερος
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2 βῦζα
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3 ἀ-θαμβία
ἀ-θαμβία, ἡ, Furchtlosigkeit, animus terrore liber, Cic. Fin. v, 29.
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4 ἐφ-ορμάω
ἐφ-ορμάω, antreiben, anreizen gegen Jem., erregen, πόλεμον, ἀνέμους τινί, Il. 3, 165 Od. 7, 272; ἄνδρα ναύτας ἐφορμήσαντα τὸ πλεῖν Soph. Ai. 1122, zur Schifffahrt; τινὶ κακά frg. 611. – Pass. feindlich auf Einen losstürmen, andringen; ἔγχει ἐφορμᾶσϑαι Il. 17, 465; εἴσω 18, 282; – c. acc., ὥστ' ὀρνίϑων – αἰετὸς ἔϑνος ἐφορμᾶται, er stürmt auf die Schaar der Vögel ein, Il. 15, 691, vgl. 20, 461; oft ἐφορμηϑείς, Il.; ἄκοντι ἐφορμηϑείς, mit dem Speere andringend, Pind. N. 10, 69; absolut, Aesch. Pers. 454; allgemein, darauf zueilen, nicht feindlich, Od. 11, 206 u. sp. D., wie Ap. Rh. 4, 513; Hes. Sc. 127; auch aor. med., ἐφορμήσασϑαι ἀέϑλους, = ἐπ' ἀέϑλους. Uebertr., ϑυμὸς ἐφορμᾶται, c. inf., das Herz fühlt sich getrieben, hat Luft, ἴμεν, zu gehen, Od. 4, 713, vgl. Il. 13, 74 Od. 1, 275, u. ohne ϑυμός, ἢ ὅγ' ἐφορμᾶται ποιησέμεν, 21, 399. – In Prosa, bes. der späteren, wird das act. in dieser Bdtg gebraucht, anstürmen, angreifen, vgl. Eur. Hipp. 1274 ᾧ πτανὸς ἐφορμάσῃ; so oft Plut., τινί, Pomp. 19; ἐπί τινα, D. C. 36, 7; πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, Plut.; σῠν, auf das Schwein, Anton. Liber. 6; absolut, Plut. Dion. 38; – ohne feindliche Beziehung, ἡ εἰς τὸ πέλαγος ἐφορμ ήσασα ναῠς Xen. Hell. 1, 6, 21, wenn die Lesart richtig ist.
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5 ιδιογραφος
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6 ἐλεύθερος
ἐλεύθερος, α, ον (ος, ον A.Ag. 328, E.El. 868): later [full] ἐλαύθερος BCH22.76(Delph.); Elean [full] ἐλεύθαρος Schwyzer416.3:—A free, Hom. has the word only in Il. in two phrases, ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ the day of freedom, i.e. freedom, Il.6.455, 16.831, al.; and κρητὴρ ἐλεύθερος the cup drunk to freedom, 6.528;ἐ. πιοῦσαν οἶνον ἀποθανεῖν Xenarch.5
codd. Ath. (fort. - ριον, cf.ἐλευθέριος 1.2
); of persons, Alc.Supp.25.11, Hdt.1.6, A.Pr.50, S.Aj. 1020, Th.8.15, etc.: [comp] Comp., X.Cyr.8.3.21: [comp] Sup., Id.Hier.1.16; τὸ ἐ. freedom, Hdt 7.103, etc.;τοὐλεύθερον E.Supp. 438
: c.gen., free or freed from a thing, φόνου, πημάτων, φόβου, A.Eu. 603 codd., Ch. 1060, E.Hec. 869; ; ἔξω αἰτίας ἐ. S.Ant. 445; ἐ. ἀπ' ἀλλήλων independent, X.Cyr.3.2.23, Pl.Lg. 832d.b ἐλευθέρα, ἡ, married woman, Ath.13.571d; wife, POxy. 1872.8(v/vi A.D.); but, freedwoman, IG14.2490 ([place name] Vienne).2 of things, free, open to all,ἀγορά X.Cyr.1.2.3
; ἐ. φυλακή,= Lat. libera custodia, D.S. 4.46;περιωπή Ael.NA 15.5
; unencumbered, of property, D.35.21, IG 9(1).32.10 ([place name] Stiris), SIG364.36 (Ephesus, iii B.C.).3 ἐλεύθερον εἶναί τινι, c. inf., legally permissible, open to.., ib.45.42 (Halic., v B.C.).II = ἐλευθέριος, fit for a freeman, free, frank,φρήν Pi.P.2.57
;ἐλευθερωτέρη ὑπόκρισις Hdt.1.116
;ἐλεύθρα βάζειν A.Pers. 593
(lyr.);ὦ μηδὲν ὑγιὲς μηδ' ἐ. φρονῶν S.Ph. 1006
;δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ' ἐ. λόγον Id.Tr.63
, cf.El. 1256; ; βάσανοι ἐ. tortures such as might be used to a freeman, Id.Lg. 946c (soφάσγανα E. Fr.495.38
); τὸ ἐ. Pl.Mx. 245c: freq. in Adv.-ρως, εἰπεῖν Hdt.5.93
, al.; χαίρειν.. καὶ γελᾶν ἐ. S.El. 1300;τεθραμμένους Isoc.7.43
codd. (fort. - ερίως) ; παιδευθεὶς ἐ. Aeschin.3.154 codd. (fort. - ερίως); ἐ. δούλευε, δοῦλος οὐκ ἔσει Men.857
; ἐλεύθεροι ἐλευθέρως free and like free men, Pl.Lg. 919e. (Cf. Lat. līber, fr. Ital. * loufero-(cf. Osc. Luvfreis 'Liberi'), I.-E. ( e)leudh-ero-: the connexion with Slav. liud, OHG. liut, etc. 'people' is doubtful.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐλεύθερος
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7 ἰδιόγραφος
ἰδῐό-γρᾰφος, ον,A written with one's own hand, autograph, liber Vergilii, Gell.9.14.7, cf. POxy.250.13 (i A.D.), etc.:—Subst. -γραφον, τό, autograph, PFlor. 27.13 (iv A.D.), etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἰδιόγραφος
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8 ὀλούφω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: = ὀλόπτω (Phot.), ὀλουφεῖν ( ὀλούφειν Schmidt) τίλλειν, διολουφεῖν (- φειν Schm.) διατίλλειν η διασιλλαίνειν H.Etymology: After Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 173 to the IE idg. word for `bark etc.' in Lat. liber (\< *lŭber) m. `bark, book', Russ. lub `bark' (WP. 2,418, Pok. 690); quite possible. ὀλοφλυκτίς (- φυκτίς H. w. dissim.), - ίδος f. `bladder, pustule (with blood and water)' (Hp., Myrtil. Com.). -- Technical determinative comp. from ὀλός and φλυκτίς (s. vv.). Besides ὀλο-φυγδών, - όνος f. `id.' (Theoc. 9, 30 with v. l. ὀλοφυγγών as also in H.) after the semantically close πρηδών, πυθεδών etc. ( ὀλοφυγ-γών, if correct, after σταγών v. t.?). - Cf. ὀλόπτω. The two verbs are evidently variants, and so prob. point to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,382Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀλούφω
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9 βιωτικός
βιωτικός, ή, όν (since Aristot., HA 9, 17 [Lob. on Phryn. 355]; pap) pert. to daily life and living, belonging to (daily) life (so Polyb. et al.; cp. χρεῖαι β. ‘necessities of daily life’ Polyb. 4, 73, 8; Diod S 2. 29, 5; Philo Bybl. [100 A.D.]: 790 Fgm. 1, 29 Jac. [in Eus., PE 1, 9, 29]; Artem. 1, 31; Philo Alex., Mos. 2, 158) μέριμναι β. Lk 21:34; β. πράξεις Hv 1, 3, 1; β. πράγματα 3, 11, 3; m 5, 2, 2; βάσανοι β. tortures that befall one during his earthly life Hs 6, 3, 4; β. κριτήρια 1 Cor 6:4 (s. κριτήριον); cp. vs. 3 βιωτικά ordinary (everyday) matters (τά β. in a somewhat different sense Epict. 1, 26, 3; 7; Vett. Val. 286, 14; PRyl 125, 11; Philo, Omn. Prob. Liber 49; Field, Notes 171). In connection with 1 Cor 6:1–6, s. ERohde, Z. griech. Roman (Kleine Schriften II) 1901, 38f; also Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 1, 25, 3, concerning quarrels in daily life which, in contrast to grave offenses, are not to be brought to court, but settled at home.—DELG s.v. βίος. M-M. -
10 ἀντίκειμαι
ἀντίκειμαι fut. ἀντικείσομαι LXX (s. κεῖμαι; Hdt. et al. in the mng. ‘be opposite, form a contrast to’; s. Nägeli 39. So also Jos., Bell. 4, 454; Ath. 3, 1 πρὸς τὴν ἀρετὴν τῆς κακίας ἀντικειμένης, cp. R. 75, 13) be opposed to someone, be in opposition to τινί (ViEzk 20 [p. 76, 10 Sch.]; Cass. Dio 39, 8 ἀλλʼ ἐκείνῳ τε ὁ Μίλων ἀντέκειτο): ταῦτα ἀλλήλοις ἀντίκειται these things are in opposition to each other Gal 5:17. ἀ. τῇ ὑγιαιούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Ti 1:10. ὡς ἀντικείμενος αὐτῇ GMary463, 21.—ὁ ἀντικείμενος opponent, enemy (UPZ 69, 6 [152 B.C.] Μενέδημον ἀντικείμενον ἡμῖν. Ex 23:22; Esth 9:2; 2 Macc 10:26 al. LXX; ApcEsdr 3:15 p. 27, 28 Tdf. [for ἐπι-]; EpArist 266) w. dat. of pers. Lk 13:17; 21:15. Abs. 1 Cor 16:9; Phil 1:28. Of God’s endtime adversary 2 Th 2:4 (‘anteciminus’, Ps.-Philo, Liber Antiq. Bibl. 45, 6). Of the devil (Berl. Kopt. Urk. I/6, 25) 1 Cl 51:1; MPol 17:1; perh. also 1 Ti 5:14.—Lampe. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
11 ὅσιος
ὅσιος, ία, ον (Aeschyl., Hdt.+ [the noun ὁσίη is found as early as Hom.]. Mostly of three endings, but-ος, ον Pla., Leg. 8, 831d; Dionys. Hal. 5, 71; 1 Ti 2:8. B-D-F §59, 2; W-S. §11, 1; Mlt-H. 157). Superl. ὁσιώτατος (Pla.; OGI 718, 1; Philo; 1 Cl 58:1). In the Gr-Rom. world this term for the most part described that which helps maintain the delicate balance between the interests of society and the expectations of the transcendent realm. For example, the ὅσιος pers. prays and sacrifices to the gods (Pl., Euthyph. 14b), is conscious of basic taboos (hence wary of pollution because of bloodshed [ibid. 4de; cp. Od. 16, 423]), and observes traditions of hospitality (on Zeus as protector of the stranger, s. Od. 9, 270f). For contrast of τὸ ὅσιον and τὸ δίκαιον s. Pla., Gorgias 507b, Polit. 301d; X., Hell. 4, 1, 33 al.① pert. to being without fault relative to deity, devout, pious, pleasing to God, holyⓐ of ordinary human beings: w. δίκαιος (cp. Pla., Leg. 2, 663b, Gorg. 507b; Polyb. 22, 10, 8 παραβῆναι καὶ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους δίκαια καὶ τὰ πρὸς τ. θεοὺς ὅσια; SIG 800, 20f: ἀναστρέφεται πρός τε θεοὺς καὶ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁσίως κ. δικαίως; En 104:12; TestGad 5:4; TestBenj 3:1 and 5:4; Jos., Ant. 9, 35; Just., D. 96, 3 [after Mt 5:45]; Theoph. Ant. 2, 9 [p. 120, 3]) 1 Cl 45:3; 2 Cl 15:3; and still other virtues Tit 1:8. ἔργα ὅσια κ. δίκαια (Jos., Ant. 8, 245) 2 Cl 6:9. δίκαιον κ. ὅσιον w. acc. and inf. foll. (Dicaearchus. p. 408, line 2 fr. bottom, Fuhr; cp. ὅσιον εἶναι w. acc. and inf., Orig., C. Cels. 5, 26, 13) 1 Cl 14:1. ὀφείλομεν ὅσια 2 Cl 1:3. (W. ἄμωμος) ἐν ὁς. κ. ἀμώμῳ προθέσει δουλεύειν τῷ θεῷ serve God with a holy and blameless purpose 1 Cl 45:7. ἄνδρες 45:3. ὁς. βουλή 2:3.—ὅσιοι χεῖρες (Aeschyl., Choëph. 378; Soph., Oed. Col. 470: ‘consecrated’, ‘ceremonially pure’) 1 Ti 2:8 transferred to the religio-ethical field (Philip of Perg. [II A.D.]: 95 Fgm. 1 Jac. writes ὁσίῃ χειρί).—The word was prob. used in a cultic sense in the mysteries (ERohde, Psyche9/10, 1925 I 288, 1): Aristoph., Ran. 335 ὅσιοι μύσται. The mystae of the Orphic Mysteries are called οἱ ὅσιοι: Pla., Rep. 2, 363c; Orph., Hymn. 84, 3 Qu.; cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 371d. Sim. the Essenes are called ὅσιοι in Philo, Omn. Prob. Liber 91; cp. 75 ὁσιότης; PParis 68c, 14 ὅσιοι Ἰουδαῖοι (s. Dssm., B 62, 4 [BS 68, 2]); PGM 5, 417 of a worshiper of Hermes.ⓑ of Christ, the Heavenly High Priest (w. ἄκακος; cp. the opposition Od. 16, 423) Hb 7:26. As subst. ὁ ὅσιός σου (after Ps 15:10) Ac 2:27; 13:35 (cp. ὁ ὅσιος of Abraham Did., Gen. 228, 8).② pert. to being the standard for what constitutes holiness, holy of God (rarely of deities outside our lit.: Orph., Hymn. 77, 2 Qu.; Arg. 27; CIG 3594; 3830).ⓐ as adj., of God (Dt 32:4; Ps 144:17) holy μόνος ὅσιος Rv 15:4. ἡ ὁς. παιδεία holy (i.e. divine) discipline 1 Cl 56:16. τὸ ὁσιώτατον ὄνομα most holy name 58:1.ⓑ as subst. ὁ ὅσιος Rv 16:5.③ The ref. to ὅς. in δώσω ὑμῖν τὰ ὅς. Δαυὶδ τὰ πιστά I will grant to you (pl.) the unfailing divine assurances or decrees relating to David Ac 13:34 is of special interest (for τὰ ὅς. in the sense of divine decrees or ordinances s. Wsd 6:10; Jos., Ant. 8, 115—). This quot. fr. Is 55:3 is evidently meant to show that the quot. fr. Ps 15:10, which follows immediately, could not refer to the Psalmist David, but to Christ alone (cp. a sim. line of argument relating to a referent Hb 2:6–9). The promises to David have solemnly been transferred to ‘you’. But David himself served not you, but his own generation (vs. 36). So the promises of God refer not to him, but to his Messianic descendant.—Lit. s.v. ἅγιος. JBolkestein, Ὅσιος en Εὐσεβής, diss. Amsterdam ’36; WTerstegen, Εὐσεβής en Ὅσιος in het Grieksch taalgebruik na de 4e eeuw, diss. Utrecht ’41; JMontgomery, HTR 32, ’39, 97–102; MvanderValk, Z. Worte ὅσιος: Mnemosyne 10, ’41; Dodd 62–64.—B. 1475. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
См. также в других словарях:
liber — [ libɛr ] n. m. • 1755; mot lat.; cf. livre ♦ Bot. Tissu végétal constitué de vaisseaux (tubes criblés), généralement accompagnés de parenchyme et par lequel circule la sève élaborée. ⇒ phloème. Liber de la tige, de la racine. Le liber et la… … Encyclopédie Universelle
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Liber [2] — Liber (Liber Pater), altitalischer Gott des Natursegens und hauptsächlich des Weines, daher mit dem griechischen Dionysos identifiziert, wie die ihm als weibliches Prinzip entsprechende Libera mit Persephone. An seinem Fest (Liberalien) in Rom am … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
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