145

* * *

• A horrible year

to make a mound, heap up, increase.

Bracciano (Italy)

NLD [geslacht]

ăpiscor, aptus, 3, v. dep. [apo] (class., but more rare than the compd. adipiscor; in the post-Aug. per. most freq. in Tac.), orig., to reach after something, in order to take, seize, or get possession of it (syn.: peto, sequor, adquiro, attingo); hence, in gen.,

To pursue ( with effort, zeal, etc.):

sine me hominem apisci,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 3.—And as the result of the pursuit,

To take, seize upon:

etenim nullo cessabant tempore apisci Ex aliis alios avidi contagia morbi,

Lucr. 6, 1235.—

To reach, attain to, get, gain, acquire ( by effort, trouble, etc.; cf. adipiscor), both lit. and trop.: quod ego objectans vitam bellando aptus sum, Pac. ap. Non. p. 234, 25:

hereditatem,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8: cupere aliquid apisci, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 74, 30; so id. ib. p. 74, 23: aliquem, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 68, 25:

maris apiscendi causā,

Cic. Att. 8, 14 fin.: laudem, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5 fin.:

aliquid animus praegestit apisci,

Cat. 64, 145:

spes apiscendi summi honoris,

Liv. 4, 3:

jus,

Tac. A. 6, 3:

summa apiscendi libido,

id. ib. 4, 1:

qui id flaminum apisceretur,

id. ib. 4, 16:

apiscendae potentiae properi,

id. ib. 4, 59:

cujus (artis) apiscendae otium habuit,

id. ib. 6, 26 al.— Once in Tacitus with gen. like the Gr. tunchanein tinos: dominationis, A. 6, 45.— Poet., to reach something in mind, i. e. to perceive, understand:

Nec ratione animi quam quisquam possit apisci,

Lucr. 1, 448.

, Manil. 3, 145; Tac. A. 3, 31; 13, 20 al.; cf. adipiscor.

ardĕo, rsi, rsum, 2, v.n. ( perf. subj. ARDVERINT, Inscr. Fratr. Arval., of the time of the emperor Alexander Severus, in Inscr. Orell. 961) [cf. Sanscr. ghar = to shine. Sonne foll. by Curt.], to take fire, to kindle; hence,

Lit., to be on fire, to burn, blaze (syn.:

ardesco, exardeo, flagro, incendor, uror): Nam multis succensa locis ardent sola terrae,

for the soil is on fire in different places, Lucr. 2, 592:

tecta ardentia,

id. 3, 1064: Ultimus ardebit, quem etc., i. e. His home will burn last, whom etc., Juv. 3, 201:

ardente domo,

Tac. A. 15, 50 fin.:

radii ardentes,

Lucr. 6, 618: circumstant cum ardentibus taedis, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 51 Vahl.):

caput arsisse Servio Tullio dormienti,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121:

vis ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145:

Praeneste ardentes lapides caelo decidisse,

Liv. 22, 1:

rogum parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus,

Ov. M. 2, 620; 2, 245; 14, 747:

arsurae comae,

Verg. A. 11, 77:

videbat quod rubus arderet,

Vulg. Exod. 3, 2; ib. Deut. 5, 23; ib. Joan. 15, 6.—

Trop.

Of the eyes, to flash, glow, sparkle, shine (syn.:

fulgeo, inardesco, mico): ardent oculi,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 62; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; 2, 5, 62; cf.:

oculi ejus (erant) ut lampas ardens,

Vulg. Dan. 10, 6.—

Poet., transf. to color, to sparkle, glisten, glitter, dazzle:

Tyrio ardebat murice laena,

Verg. A. 4, 262:

campi armis sublimibus ardent,

id. ib. 11, 602. —

In gen., of any passionate emotion [p. 156] or excitement, to burn, glow, be inflamed, usu. with abl. (dolore, irā, studio, invidiā, etc.), but often without an abl.; to be strongly affected, esp. with love; to be inflamed, burn, glow, to blaze, be on fire, be consumed, etc. (syn.: ardesco, exardeo, furo).

With abl.:

quippe patentia cum totiens ardentia morbis Lumina versarent oculorum, expertia somno,

they rolled around the open eyeballs glowing with heat, Lucr. 6, 1180:

In fluvios partim gelidos ardentia morbo Membra dabant,

their limbs burning with the heat of fever, id. 6, 1172:

ardere flagitio,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 1:

amore,

Ter. Eun. 1. 1, 27; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47:

iracundiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12:

curā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9:

dolore et irā,

Cic. Att. 2, 19:

cupiditate,

id. Pis. 24:

studio et amore,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2:

desiderio,

id. Mil. 15; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 37:

podagrae doloribus,

to be tormented with, id. Fin. 5, 31, 94:

furore,

Liv. 2, 29 fin. et saep.:

cum arderet Syria bello,

Cic. Att. 5, 6; id. Fam. 4, 1; Liv. 28, 24 fin. al.—

Without an abl.:

ipse ardere videris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188 (incensus esse, B. and K.); cf. Quint. 11, 3, 145:

omnium animi ad ulciscendum ardebant,

were fired, eager, Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

Ardet,

Ov. M. 6, 609:

ultro implacabilis ardet,

Verg. A. 12, 3:

ardet in arma,

id. ib. 12, 71; so,

in caedem,

Tac. H. 1, 43.— Poet. with inf. as object (cf. infra), to desire ardently to do a thing:

ruere ardet utroque,

Ov. M. 5, 166:

Ardet abire fugā dulcīsque relinquere terras,

Verg. A. 4, 281; 11, 895; Val. Fl. 6, 45.—Esp., to burn with love (syn. uror):

ex aequo captis ardebant mentibus ambo,

Ov. M. 4, 62:

deus arsit in illā,

id. ib. 8, 50 (cf.:

laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Circen,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 19):

arsit Virgine raptā,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 9, 6; and with acc. of the object loved (as supra, in constr. with the inf.): formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, Corydon had a burning passion for, etc., Verg. E. 2, 1:

comptos arsit adulteri Crines,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 13:

delphini pueros miris et humanis modis arserunt,

Gell. 6, 8; cf. Arusian. Mess. p. 209 Lind.

arsus, roasted, Plin. Val. 2, 9.— ardens, entis, P. a., prop. on fire, burning; hence, glowing, fiery, ardent, hot, etc., lit. and trop.

Lit.: sol ardentissimus, Tubero ap. Gell. 6, 4, 3:

ardentissimum tempus,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123:

Austri ardentes,

id. 12, 19, 42, § 93:

quinta (zona) est ardentior illis,

hotter, Ov. M. 1, 46:

ardens Africa,

Luc. 9, 729.—

Trop.

Of the eyes:

oculi,

glowing, Verg. G. 4, 451.—

Of color:

ardentissimus color,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16:

apes ardentes auro,

glowing, glittering as with gold, Verg. G. 4, 99; so id. A. 10, 262.—

Of wounds, burning, smarting:

ardenti morsu premere dolorem,

with burning bite, Lucr. 3, 663.—

Of wine, strong, fiery:

ardentis Falerni Pocula,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 19; cf. Mart. 9, 7, 45.—

Of passion or strong feeling, burning, glowing, eager, impatient, ardent:

avaritia ardens,

Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 36:

mortem ardentiore studio petere,

id. ib. 2, 19, 61:

ardentes in eum litteras ad me misit,

id. Att. 14, 10 fin.:

ardentissimus dux,

Flor. 4, 2, 42; 1, 8, 2:

ardentissimus amor,

Vulg. 3, Reg. 11, 2:

studia,

Ov. M. 1, 199:

Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in nobis,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

furor,

ib. Isa. 30, 27:

miserere ardentis (sc. amore),

Ov. M. 14, 691.— Poet. with gen.:

ardens caedis,

Stat. Th. 1, 662.—In Cic. freq. of passionate, excited discourse:

nec umquam is qui audiret, incenderetur, nisi ardens ad eum perveniret oratio,

Cic. Or. 38, 132:

verbum,

id. ib. 8, 27 (cf. id. Brut. 24 fin.):

nisi ipse (orator) inflammatus ad eam (mentem) et ardens accesserit,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

orator gravis, acer, ardens,

id. Or. 28, 99 al. — Adv. ardenter, only trop., in a burning, fiery, eager, passionate manner, ardently, eagerly, passionately:

ardenter aliquid cupere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.:

ardentius sitire,

to have a more burning thirst, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

ardentius diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7, id. Pan. 85, 7:

ardentius amare,

Suet. Calig. 25.— Sup.:

ardentissime diligere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3; Suet. Dom. 22.

com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.

Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.

In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.

Inter se:

res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

oras vulneris suturis,

Cels. 7, 19:

duo verba,

Quint. 9, 4, 33:

easdem litteras,

id. ib.:

duo comparativa,

id. 9, 3, 19.—

With cum:

costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With dat.:

viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

Liv. 39, 2, 10:

quā naris fronti committitur,

is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

quā vir equo commissus erat,

id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

Verg. A. 3, 428:

commissa dextera dextrae,

Ov. H. 2, 31:

medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

Cels. 8, 1:

moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—

With in and acc.:

commissa in unum crura,

Ov. M. 4, 580:

committuntur suturae in unguem,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

commissis operibus,

Liv. 38, 7, 10:

fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

Ov. M. 6, 178:

(terra) maria committeret,

Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

noctes duas,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

commissa corpore toto,

Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

domus plumbo commissa,

patched, Juv. 14, 310.—

In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

Suet. Aug. 45:

quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

camelorum quadrigas,

id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

victores committe,

Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

eunucho Bromium committere noli,

id. 6, 378:

inter se omnes,

Suet. Calig. 56:

aequales inter se,

id. Gram. 17.—

Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—

Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.

To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

proelii committendi signum dare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

cum proelium commissum audissent,

id. ib. 7, 62:

commisso ab equitibus proelio,

id. B. C. 1, 40:

in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

Sall. C. 60, 2:

commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

id. ib. 1, 25:

utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

Suet. Aug. 96:

avidus committere pugnam,

Sil. 8, 619:

pugnas,

Stat. Th. 6, 143:

rixae committendae causā,

Liv. 5, 25, 2:

cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

nondum commisso spectaculo,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

musicum agona,

Suet. Ner. 23:

aciem,

Flor. 4, 2, 46:

commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

Flor. 2, 15, 2:

committere Martem,

Sil. 13, 155:

quo die ludi committebantur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

ludos dedicationis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

ludos,

Verg. A. 5, 113.—

In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

Liv. 34, 37, 7:

commisso modico certamine,

id. 23, 44, 5.—

Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

priusquam committeretur,

before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—

In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

judicium inter sicarios committitur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—

In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).

With acc.:

ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

Hor. A. P. 168:

ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

quantum flagitii,

id. Brut. 61, 219:

tantum facinus,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

virilis audaciae facinora,

Sall. C. 25, 1:

majus delictum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

nil nefandum,

Ov. M. 9, 626:

nefarias res,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

scelus,

id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

adulterium,

Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

incestum cum filio,

id. 5, 10, 19:

parricidium,

id. 7, 2, 2:

caedem,

id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

sacrilegium,

id. 7, 2, 18:

fraudem,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

in te,

Verg. A. 1, 231:

aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

Liv. 42, 38, 3:

aliquid erga te,

Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—

Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

quasi committeret contra legem,

Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

adversus testamentum,

ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

ne lege censoriā committant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

lege de sicariis,

Quint. 7, 1, 9. —

Absol.:

hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—

With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

committere ut accusator nominere,

id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,

With cur or quare:

Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

Liv. 5, 46, 6:

neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—

With inf.:

non committunt scamna facere,

Col. 2, 4, 3:

infelix committit saepe repelli,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

poenam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

committere in poenam edicti,

Dig. 2, 2, 4:

ut illam multam non commiserit,

Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—

Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

commissae hypothecae,

id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

commissa tibi fiducia,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

merces,

Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

mancipium,

ib. 39, 14, 6:

praedia in publicum,

ib. 3, 5, 12:

hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—

Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

si alius committat edictum,

transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

committetur stipulatio,

ib. 24, 3, 56.

To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

ne quid committam tibi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

4: tibi rem magnam,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

id. Planc. 25, 61:

summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

domino rem omnem,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

caput tonsori,

id. A. P. 301:

ratem pelago,

id. C. 1, 3, 11:

sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

committere semen sitienti solo,

Col. 2, 8, 4:

ulcus frigori,

Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

aliquid litteris,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

verba tabellis,

Ov. M. 9, 587:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

se urbi,

id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

se theatro populoque Romano,

id. Sest. 54, 116:

se proelio,

Liv. 4, 59, 2:

se pugnae,

id. 5, 32, 4:

se publico,

to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

se neque navigationi, neque viae,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

se timidius fortunae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

civilibus fluctibus,

Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

se in id conclave,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

se in conspectum populi Romani,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

se in senatum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

id. 40, 21, 6:

rem in aciem,

id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

se in aciem,

id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

rempublicam in discrimen,

id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

rerum summam in discrimen,

id. 33, 7, 10. —

Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.

(Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

Liv. 44, 4, 8:

supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

id. 44, 6, 14.—

(Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

sacrum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

turpe,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

commissi praemia,

Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

fateri,

Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

improba,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—

Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

in commissum cadere,

Dig. 39, 4, 16:

causa commissi,

ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

Quint. Decl. 341.—

(Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

enuntiare commissa,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

commissa celare,

Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

commissa tacere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

prodere,

id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

retinent commissa fideliter aures,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

confĕro, contŭli, collātum (conl-), conferre, v. a.

To bring, bear, or carry together, to collect, gather (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

ligna circa casam,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

arma,

Vell. 2, 114, 4:

cibos ore suo (aves),

Quint. 2, 6, 7:

undique collatis membris,

Hor. A. P. 3 al.:

sarcinas in unum locum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; cf. id. ib. 2, 25:

collatis militaribus signis,

id. ib. 7, 2:

ut premerer sacrā Lauroque collatāque myrto,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 19:

quo (sc. in proximum horreum) omne rusticum instrumentum,

Col. 1, 6, 7:

illuc (sc. in castella) parentes et conjuges,

Tac. A. 4, 46 fin.:

dentes in corpore (canes),

Ov. M. 3, 236:

materiam omnem, antequam dicere ordiamur,

Quint. 3, 9, 8:

summas (scriptorum) in commentarium et capita,

id. 10, 7, 32:

plura opera in unam tabulam,

id. 8, 5, 26:

quae in proximos quinque libros conlata sunt,

id. 8, prooem. 1: res Romanas Graeco peregrinoque sermone in historiam, Just. pr. 1; cf. Suet. Caes. 44; cf. I. B. 5. infra.; Quint. 4, 1, 23:

rogus inimicis collatus manibus,

Petr. 115 fin. —

In partic.

To collect money, treasures, etc., for any object, to bring offerings, contribute:

dona mihi,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 20:

contulit aes populus,

Ov. F. 4, 351;

so freq. on monuments: AERE CONLATO,

Inscr. Orell. 3648; 74; Suet. Aug. 59:

EX AERE CONLATO,

Inscr. Orell. 3991:

aurum argentumque in publicum,

Liv. 28, 36, 3:

munera ei,

Nep. Ages. 7, 3:

tributa quotannis ex censu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131:

conferre eo minus tributi,

Liv. 5, 20, 5:

in commune,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 145; id. Quint. 3, 12:

quadringena talenta quotannis Delum,

Nep. Arist. 3, 1:

(pecunia) ad ejus honores conlata,

Cic. Fl. 25, 59:

ad honorem tuum pecunias maximas contulisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 157:

sextantes in capita,

Liv. 2, 33, 11:

pecunias,

Suet. Caes. 19; id. Aug. 57; 30; Just. 3, 6:

vinum alius, alius mel,

Dig. 41, 1, 7; 47, 7, 3 pr.:

sua bona in medium,

ib. 37, 6, 1 pr.:

magnam partem patrimonii alicui rei,

ib. 50, 4, 5:

cum et Socrati collatum sit ad victum,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.— Absol.:

nos dabimus, nos conferemus, nostro sumptu, non tuo,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 39.—Hence,

Trop., like the Gr. sumpherô (v. Lidd. and Scott in h. v. 5.), to be useful, profitable, to profit, serve, be of use to ( = prosum; cf. also conduco, II.; post-Aug., and only in the third person; most freq. in Quint.); constr. with ad, in, the dat., inf., or absol.

With ad:

naturane plus ad eloquentiam conferat an doctrina,

Quint. 2, 19, 1; so id. 1, 8, 7; 2, 5, 1; 3, 6, 7 al.; Cels. 6, 6, 1; Col. 12, prooem. § 6; Suet. Tib. 4.—

With in:

rursus in alia plus prior (exercitatio) confert,

Quint. 10, 7, 26.—

With dat.:

Gracchorum eloquentiae multum contulisse matrem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6; so id. prooem. § 6; 2, 9, 2; 3, 7, 12 al.; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; 20, 23, 98, § 261; 29, 1, 6, § 13; Suet. Vesp. 6.—

With subj. inf.:

incipiente incremento confert alterna folia circum obruere,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83.—

Absol.:

multum veteres etiam Latini conferunt, imprimis copiam verborum,

Quint. 1, 8, 8; 2, 5, 16; 4, 2, 123 al.; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 67.—

To bring into connection, to unite, join, connect:

membris collatis, of an embrace,

Lucr. 4, 1101; cf.

ora,

App. M. 5, p. 161, 17:

fontes e quibus collatae aquae flumen emittunt,

Curt. 7, 11, 3: capita, to lay heads together (in conferring, deliberating, etc.), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 31; Liv. 2, 45, 7: pedem, to go or come with one, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 41; so,

gradum ( = congredi),

id. Men. 3, 3, 30; id. Ps. 2, 4, 17; Verg. A. 6, 488.—Of chemical union:

dissimiles et dispares res in unam potestatem,

Vitr. 2, 6, 4.—

Trop.:

collatis viribus,

Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 17; cf.:

conferre vires in unum,

Liv. 33, 19, 7:

collata omnium vota in unius salutem,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5:

e singulis frustis collata oratio,

Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 2, 9, 3:

velut studia inter nos conferebamus,

id. 4, prooem. § 1.— So esp. of conferences, consultations, etc., to consult together, confer, consider or talk over together:

si quid res feret, coram inter nos conferemus,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1:

sollicitudines nostras inter nos,

id. Fam. 6, 21, 2:

rationes,

id. Att 5, 21, 12: familiares sermones cum aliquo, to unite in familiar conversation with, id. Off. 2, 11, 39:

cum hoc in viā sermonem contulit,

id. Inv. 2, 4, 14; cf.:

cum aliquo aut sermones aut consilia,

id. Phil. 2, 15, 38:

consilia ad adulescentes,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 64; cf.:

consilia dispersim antea habita,

Suet. Caes. 80:

injurias,

to deliberate together concerning, Tac. Agr. 15; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2.— Absol.:

omnes sapientes decet conferre et fabulari,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 8.—With a rel.clause:

fusi contulerimus inter nos... quid finis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 4:

ibi conferentibus, quid animorum Hispanis esset,

Liv. 27, 20, 4.—

To bring or join together in a hostile manner, to set together (most freq. in milit. lang.):

(Galli) cum Fontejo ferrum ac manus contulerunt,

Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

signa cum Alexandrinis,

id. Pis. 21, 49; cf.:

collatis signis depugnare,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 44; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 66:

arma cum aliquo,

Nep. Eum. 11, 5; 3, 6; cf.:

arma inter se,

Liv. 21, 1, 2:

castra cum hoste,

id. 26, 12, 14; cf.:

castra castris,

id. 23, 28, 9; 8, 23, 9; Cic. Div. 2, 55, 114; Caes. B. C. 3, 79:

pedem cum pede,

to fight foot to foot, Liv. 28, 2, 6; cf.:

pede conlato,

id. 6, 12, 10; 10, 29, 6; 26, 39, 12 al.:

gradum cum aliquo,

id. 7, 33, 11:

pectora luctantia nexu pectoribus,

Ov. M. 6, 242:

stat conferre manum Aeneae,

Verg. A. 12, 678:

prima movet Cacus collatā proelia dextrā,

Ov. F. 1, 569:

collatis cursibus hastas conicere,

Val. Fl. 6, 270:

seque viro vir contulit,

Verg. A. 10, 735.— Poet.:

inter sese duri certamina belli,

Verg. A. 10, 147:

contra conferre manu certamina pugnae,

Lucr. 4, 843:

collato Marte,

Ov. M. 12, 379.— Absol.:

mecum confer, ait,

fight with me, Ov. M. 10, 603.—

Transf. from milit. affairs to lawsuits: pedem, to encounter, come in contact with one, to attack:

non possum magis pedem conferre, ut aiunt, aut propius accedere?

Cic. Planc. 19, 48:

pedem cum singulis,

Quint. 5, 13, 11; cf. id. 8, 6, 51; cf.:

qui illi concedi putem utilius esse quod postulat quam signa conferri,

Cic. Att. 7, 5, 5.— Poet.:

lites,

to contend, quarrel, Hor. S. 1, 5, 54.—

To bring together for comparison, to compare; constr. with cum, inter se, ad, the dat., or acc. only.

With cum:

quem cum eo (sc. Democrito) conferre possumus non modo ingenii magnitudine sed etiam animi?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 115:

ut non conferam vitam neque existimationem tuam cum illius,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 45; id. Sull. 26, 72:

cum maximis minima,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17; Quint. 5, 13, 12; 8, 4, 2 al.:

nostras leges cum illorum Lycurgo et Dracone et Solone,

Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 197; cf.:

illa cum Graeciā,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; v. also d. —

With inter se (rare):

vitam inter se utriusque conferte,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20.—

With ad:

bos ad bovem collatus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 28 Müll.—

With dat.:

tempora praesentia praeteritis,

Lucr. 2, 1166:

parva magnis,

Cic. Or. 4, 14:

alicui illud,

id. Inv. 2, 50, 151:

lanam tinctam Tyriae lacernae,

Quint. 12, 10, 75:

ingenia ingeniis,

Sen. Contr. 5, 33:

illam puellis,

Prop. 1, 5, 7; 1, 4, 9:

nil jucundo amico,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 44:

(Pausanias et Lysander) ne minimā quidem ex parte Lycurgi legibus et disciplinae conferendi sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. supra, a.—

With acc. only:

tesseram hospitalem,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 88:

conferte Verrem: non ut hominem cum homine comparetis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121:

exemplum,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 85; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 14; Ov. M. 7, 696:

nec cum quaereretur gener Tarquinio, quisquam Romanae juventutis ullā arte conferri potuit,

Liv. 1, 39, 4; Suet. Caes. 47:

census,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 159.—Of documents:

haec omnia summā curā et diligentiā recognita et conlata sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190.—

With the idea of shortening by bringing together (cf. colligo), to compress, abridge, condense, make or be brief:

quam potero in verba conferam paucissima,

Plaut. Men. prol. 6; cf.:

in pauca, ut occupatus nunc sum, confer, quid velis,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 44:

rem in pauca,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 68; and:

in pauca verba,

id. As. 1, 1, 75; id: Pers. 4, 4, 109:

totam Academiam... ex duobus libris contuli in quattuor,

Cic. Att. 13, 13, 1:

ut in pauca conferam,

id. Caecin. 6, 17:

sua verba in duos versus,

Ov. F. 1, 162:

ex immensā diffusāque legum copiā optima quaeque et necessaria in paucissimos libros,

Suet. Caes. 44.— [p. 412] *

To join in bringing forward, to propose unitedly (as a law; cf.

fero, II. B. 8. b.): cur enim non confertis, ne sit conubium divitibus et pauperibus,

Liv. 4, 4, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.

(Con intens.) To bear, carry, convey, direct a thing somewhere (in haste, for protection, etc.); and conferre se, to betake or turn one's self anywhere, to go (very freq. and class.).

Prop.

In gen.

With the designation of the goal: quo me miser conferam? Gracch. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 214:

qui cum se suaque omnia in oppidum Bratuspantium contulissent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

se suaque eo,

id. ib. 3, 28:

se suaque in naves,

Nep. Them. 2, 7 al.:

iter Brundisium versus,

Cic. Att. 3, 4 med.; cf.: iter eo, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 4:

suas rationes et copias in illam provinciam,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17: legiones in mediam aciem, Auct. B. Alex. 39;

Auct. B. Afr. 60: quos eodem audita Cannensis clades contulerat,

Liv. 23, 17, 8:

parentes illuc,

Tac. A. 4, 46:

se Rhodum conferre,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: se Laodiceam, Lent. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 4:

se Colonas,

Nep. Paus. 3, 3:

quo se fusa acies,

Liv. 9, 16, 1 al.:

se ad Tissaphernem,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; so,

se ad Pharnabazum,

id. Con. 2, 1:

se in fugam,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22: sese in pedes, Enn. ap. Non. p. 518, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 7 (cf.:

conicere se in pedes,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 13).—Of things:

pituita eo se umorve confert,

Cels. 2, 12.—

Absol.:

pulcre haec confertur ratis,

is borne away, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 27.—

Esp., in Ov. M. (cf. abeo, II.): aliquem in aliquid, to change into, transform to something:

aliquem in saxum,

Ov. M. 4, 278: versos vultus ( poet. circumlocution for se) in hanc, id. ib. 9, 348:

corpus in albam volucrem,

id. ib. 12, 145.—

Trop.

In gen., to bring, turn, direct something to; and conferre se, to turn, apply, devote one's self to, etc.:

quo mortuo me ad pontificem Scaevolam contuli,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

(Crassus) cum initio aetatis ad amicitiam se meam contulisset,

id. Brut. 81, 281; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2:

qui se ad senatūs auctoritatem, ad libertatem vestram contulerunt,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; id. Ac. 1, 9, 34:

se ad studium scribendi,

id. Arch. 3, 4:

se ad studia litterarum,

id. ib. 7, 16; cf. Suet. Gram. 24:

meus pater eam seditionem in tranquillum conferet (the figure taken from the sea when in commotion),

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 16: verba ad rem, to bring words to actions, i. e. to pass from words to deeds, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 4; id. Hec. 3, 1, 17:

suspitionem in Capitonem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 100:

ut spes votaque sua non prius ad deos quam ad principum aures conferret,

Tac. A. 4, 39:

lamentationes suas etiam in testamentum,

id. ib. 15, 68.—More freq., in partic.,

With the access. idea of application or communication, to devote or apply something to a certain purpose, to employ, direct, confer, bestow upon, give, lend, grant, to transfer to (a favorite word with Cic.).

With dat.:

dona quid cessant mihi Conferre?

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 20:

tibi munera,

Prop. 2, 3, 25; Nep. Ages. 7, 3:

victoribus praemia,

Suet. Calig. 20:

puellae quinquaginta milia nummūm,

Plin. Ep. 6, 32, 2:

fructum alio,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 60; Dig. 37, 6, 1, § 24.—

With ad and acc.:

hostiles exuvias ornatum ad urbis et posterum gloriam,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

Mithridates omne reliquum tempus non ad oblivionem veteris belli, sed ad comparationem novi contulit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9:

omne studium atque omne ingenium ad populi Romani gloriam laudemque celebrandam,

id. Arch. 9, 19; id. Fam. 10, 1, 3:

omnem meam curam atque operam ad philosophiam,

id. ib. 4, 3, 4:

omnem tuum amorem omnemque tuam prudentiam... confer ad eam curam,

id. Att. 7, 1, 2:

animum ad fodiendos puteos, Auct. B. Alex. 9: ad naturae suae non vitiosae genus consilium vivendi omne,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:

orationem omnem ad misericordiam,

id. Lig. 1, 1.—

With in:

omnes curas cogitationesque in rem publicam,

Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2:

diligentiam in valetudinem tuam,

id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

praedas ac manubias suas non in monumenta deorum immortalium, neque in urbis ornamenta conferre, sed, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 23, 60:

in eos, quos speramus nobis profuturos, non dubitamus officia conferre,

id. Off. 1, 15, 48; so,

plurimum benignitatis in eum,

id. ib. 1, 16, 50; id. Lael. 19, 70: curam restituendi Capitolii in L. Vestinum confert, i. e. assigns to, charges with, Tac. H. 4, 53:

in unius salutem collata omnium vota,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5.—

With erga:

commemoratio benevolentiae ejus, quam erga me a pueritiā contulisses,

Cic. Fam. 10, 5, 1.—

With aliquid ad or in aliquem or aliquid, to refer or ascribe something to a person or thing as its possessor, author (in a good, and freq. in a bad sense), to attribute, impute, assign, ascribe to one, to lay to the charge of:

species istas hominum in deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77:

res ad imperium deorum,

Lucr. 6, 54:

permulta in Plancium, quae ab eo numquam dicta sunt, conferuntur... Stomachor vero, cum aliorum non me digna in me conferuntur,

Cic. Planc. 14, 35; id. Fam. 5, 5, 2:

mortis illius invidiam in L. Flaccum,

id. Fl. 17, 41:

suum timorem in rei frumentariae simulationem angustiasque itinerum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

sua vitia et suam culpam in senectutem,

Cic. Sen. 5, 14:

hanc ego de re publicā disputationem in Africani personam et Phili contuli,

id. Att. 4, 16, 2.—So esp.:

culpam in aliquem,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 156; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 97; Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 1:

causam in aliquem,

id. ib. 12, 31, 1; Liv. 5, 11, 6; cf.:

causam in tempus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 228.—

To transfer to a fixed point of time, fix, assign, refer, appoint, put off, defer, postpone (cf. differo):

Carthaginis expugnationem in hunc annum,

Liv. 27, 7, 5: in posterum diem iter suum contulit, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3:

omnia in mensem Martium,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 24:

aliquid in ambulationis tempus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

eam pecuniam in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

quod in longiorem diem conlaturus fuisset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.:

alicujus consulatum in annum aliquem,

Plin. Pan. 61.—Rarely of place:

idoneum locum in agris nactus... ibi adventum expectare Pompei eoque omnem belli rationem conferre constituit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 81 fin. —

To bring on, cause, occasion, induce:

pestem alicui,

Col. 1, 5, 4:

candorem mollitiamque,

Plin. 35, 15, 50, § 175.

com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.

Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.

In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.

Inter se:

res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

oras vulneris suturis,

Cels. 7, 19:

duo verba,

Quint. 9, 4, 33:

easdem litteras,

id. ib.:

duo comparativa,

id. 9, 3, 19.—

With cum:

costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With dat.:

viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

Liv. 39, 2, 10:

quā naris fronti committitur,

is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

quā vir equo commissus erat,

id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

Verg. A. 3, 428:

commissa dextera dextrae,

Ov. H. 2, 31:

medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

Cels. 8, 1:

moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—

With in and acc.:

commissa in unum crura,

Ov. M. 4, 580:

committuntur suturae in unguem,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

commissis operibus,

Liv. 38, 7, 10:

fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

Ov. M. 6, 178:

(terra) maria committeret,

Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

noctes duas,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

commissa corpore toto,

Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

domus plumbo commissa,

patched, Juv. 14, 310.—

In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

Suet. Aug. 45:

quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

camelorum quadrigas,

id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

victores committe,

Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

eunucho Bromium committere noli,

id. 6, 378:

inter se omnes,

Suet. Calig. 56:

aequales inter se,

id. Gram. 17.—

Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—

Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.

To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

proelii committendi signum dare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

cum proelium commissum audissent,

id. ib. 7, 62:

commisso ab equitibus proelio,

id. B. C. 1, 40:

in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

Sall. C. 60, 2:

commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

id. ib. 1, 25:

utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

Suet. Aug. 96:

avidus committere pugnam,

Sil. 8, 619:

pugnas,

Stat. Th. 6, 143:

rixae committendae causā,

Liv. 5, 25, 2:

cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

nondum commisso spectaculo,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

musicum agona,

Suet. Ner. 23:

aciem,

Flor. 4, 2, 46:

commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

Flor. 2, 15, 2:

committere Martem,

Sil. 13, 155:

quo die ludi committebantur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

ludos dedicationis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

ludos,

Verg. A. 5, 113.—

In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

Liv. 34, 37, 7:

commisso modico certamine,

id. 23, 44, 5.—

Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

priusquam committeretur,

before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—

In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

judicium inter sicarios committitur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—

In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).

With acc.:

ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

Hor. A. P. 168:

ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

quantum flagitii,

id. Brut. 61, 219:

tantum facinus,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

virilis audaciae facinora,

Sall. C. 25, 1:

majus delictum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

nil nefandum,

Ov. M. 9, 626:

nefarias res,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

scelus,

id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

adulterium,

Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

incestum cum filio,

id. 5, 10, 19:

parricidium,

id. 7, 2, 2:

caedem,

id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

sacrilegium,

id. 7, 2, 18:

fraudem,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

in te,

Verg. A. 1, 231:

aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

Liv. 42, 38, 3:

aliquid erga te,

Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—

Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

quasi committeret contra legem,

Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

adversus testamentum,

ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

ne lege censoriā committant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

lege de sicariis,

Quint. 7, 1, 9. —

Absol.:

hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—

With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

committere ut accusator nominere,

id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,

With cur or quare:

Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

Liv. 5, 46, 6:

neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—

With inf.:

non committunt scamna facere,

Col. 2, 4, 3:

infelix committit saepe repelli,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

poenam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

committere in poenam edicti,

Dig. 2, 2, 4:

ut illam multam non commiserit,

Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—

Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

commissae hypothecae,

id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

commissa tibi fiducia,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

merces,

Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

mancipium,

ib. 39, 14, 6:

praedia in publicum,

ib. 3, 5, 12:

hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—

Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

si alius committat edictum,

transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

committetur stipulatio,

ib. 24, 3, 56.

To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

ne quid committam tibi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

4: tibi rem magnam,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

id. Planc. 25, 61:

summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

domino rem omnem,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

caput tonsori,

id. A. P. 301:

ratem pelago,

id. C. 1, 3, 11:

sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

committere semen sitienti solo,

Col. 2, 8, 4:

ulcus frigori,

Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

aliquid litteris,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

verba tabellis,

Ov. M. 9, 587:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

se urbi,

id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

se theatro populoque Romano,

id. Sest. 54, 116:

se proelio,

Liv. 4, 59, 2:

se pugnae,

id. 5, 32, 4:

se publico,

to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

se neque navigationi, neque viae,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

se timidius fortunae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

civilibus fluctibus,

Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

se in id conclave,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

se in conspectum populi Romani,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

se in senatum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

id. 40, 21, 6:

rem in aciem,

id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

se in aciem,

id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

rempublicam in discrimen,

id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

rerum summam in discrimen,

id. 33, 7, 10. —

Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.

(Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

Liv. 44, 4, 8:

supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

id. 44, 6, 14.—

(Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

sacrum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

turpe,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

commissi praemia,

Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

fateri,

Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

improba,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—

Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

in commissum cadere,

Dig. 39, 4, 16:

causa commissi,

ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

Quint. Decl. 341.—

(Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

enuntiare commissa,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

commissa celare,

Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

commissa tacere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

prodere,

id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

retinent commissa fideliter aures,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

ex-tendo, di, tum (also extensum, Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 145; Ov. A. A. 3, 302; Stat. Th. 6, 902 al.; cf. the forms extensio, extensor, etc.), 3, v. a., to stretch out, spread outextend (class.).

Lit.:

(vincla escaria) quam magis extendas, tanto astringunt artius,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 19: idem Crassus, Per tuas statuas cum dixit et extento bracchio paululum etiam de gestu addidit, vehementius risimus, Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 242;

for which: (Zeno) cum extensis digitis adversam manum ostenderet,

id. Ac. 2, 47, 145:

manum,

Quint. 11, 3, 119; cf. Cels. 7, 23 fin.:

cervicem,

Vell. 2, 70, 2: crura ad [p. 707] longitudinem, Plin. 10, 64, 84, § 183:

cutem,

to stretch out, smooth out, id. 32, 6, 21, § 65:

chartam malleo,

id. 13, 12, 26, § 82:

lineam,

id. 9, 59, 85, § 182:

capita tignorum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 1:

cornua aciei,

Curt. 4, 13 fin.; cf.:

agmen ad mare,

id. 3, 9 fin.:

majores pennas nido,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 21:

extendit pectitque comas,

Juv. 6, 496: labellum, to stretch as in pouting, id. 14, 325:

gladios,

to forge, id. 15, 168.—Mid.:

jussit et extendi campos, subsidere valles,

to extend themselves, spread out, Ov. M. 1, 43:

ignis extenditur per campos,

spreads, Verg. A. 10, 407; and:

cum ad summum palum vitis extenta est,

Col. 4, 20, 3:

fusus humi totoque ingens extenditur antro,

stretches himself out, Verg. A. 6, 423.—Prov.: ire per extentum funem, to walk on a tight rope, i. e. to perform a very difficult feat, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 210 (Gr. epi schoiniou peripatein).

Trop., to extend, increase, enlarge, lengthen, spread.

In gen.:

epistolam,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 20:

agros (populus Rom. victor),

to extend, Hor. A. P. 208:

verba (opp. corripere),

Quint. 10, 1, 29:

perculit et multa moribundum extendit arenā,

stretched out, extended, Verg. A. 5, 374; 9, 589:

tam immodice epistulam extendi, ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 16; 3, 5, 20; 5, 15, 7:

famam factis,

Verg. A. 10, 468; cf.:

nomen in ultimas oras,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

cupiditatem gloriae,

Liv. 28, 43, 5:

spem in Africam quoque,

id. 24, 48, 1:

artem suam per hanc successionem,

Petr. 140:

pretia usque eo extendens, ut, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 38:

extentis itineribus,

by forced marches, Liv. 30, 19, 1:

cursus,

to proceed, Verg. A. 12, 909:

partitionem ultra tres propositiones,

Quint. 4, 5, 3:

voluntatem suam ad ulteriores,

Dig. 32, 1, 33:

officium suum ad lapidum venditionem,

ib. 20, 4, 21:

cum se magnis itineribus extenderet,

i. e. was exerting himself, Caes. B. C. 3, 77 fin.:

se supra vires,

Liv. 34, 4, 15:

magis ille extenditur,

is excited, Juv. 11, 169.—

In partic., of time, to extend, prolong, continue; to spend, pass:

ab hora tertia cum ad noctem pugnam extendissent,

Liv. 27, 2, 6:

comissationes ad mediam noctem,

Suet. Tit. 7:

labores in horam quintam,

Mart. 4, 8, 3:

luctus suos,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 15:

curas venientem in annum,

extends his thoughts to the coming year, Verg. G. 2, 405:

tempus epularum,

Plin. Pan. 49, 5;

consulatum,

id. ib. 61, 6;

extento aevo vivere,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 5; Sil. 3, 95:

suam aetatem,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 26:

se ad centesimum annum, i. e. vitam,

Val. Max. 5, 2 ext. 4.— Hence,

extentus, a, um, P. a., extended, extensive, wide:

mare, fontes extentaque longe flumina,

Lucr. 1, 230 Lachm. N. cr. (al. externa):

stagna latius Lucrino lacu,

Hor. C. 2, 15, 3:

oculi,

wide open, Quint. 11, 3, 76:

sonus (lusciniae),

drawn out, prolonged, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 82.— Sup.:

castra inter confragosa omnia praeruptaque quam extentissima potest valle locat,

Liv. 21, 32, 9 Drak. N. cr.:

spatia,

Sol. 52.— Adv.: ex-tente, widely; only comp.:

quadratus eminet stilus extentius,

Amm. 23, 4, 2 (dub.):

porrecto extentius brachio,

id. 18, 6, 13.—

extense, adv., at length, extensively (post-class.):

dominus extensius ista disponit,

Tert. Idol. 2.

gaudĕo, gāvīsus, 2 (archaic perf. gavisi, Liv. Andron. and Cass. Hem. ap. Prisc. p. 868 P.), v. n. and a. [Gr. gaiô, rejoice, for gaWiô; cf. gavisus; root gau-; gêtheô, ganumai, etc.; cf. agauros, proud, agê, astonishment], to rejoice, be glad or joyful respecting any thing, to take pleasure in, be pleased with, delight in (of inward joy, opp. laetari, to show one's self glad, exhibit joy; cf.:

gaudere decet, laetari non decet, quoniam docendi causa a gaudio laetitiam distinguimus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 66); usually constr. with an object-clause, quod, the abl., or absol.; less freq. with the acc., cum, quia, the gen., si, etc.

With acc. and inf. or the simple inf.:

quae perfecta esse gaudeo vehementerque laetor,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136; cf.:

quem tamen esse natum et nos gaudemus et haec civitas dum erit laetabitur,

id. Lael. 4, 14:

salvum te advenire gaudeo,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 52:

venire tu me gaudes?

id. ib. 2, 2, 7:

quos sibi Caesar oblatos gavisus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13 fin.:

animus aliquid magnum agere gaudet,

Quint. 1, 2, 30; 2, 1, 5; 9, 2, 78:

laudari in bonis gaudent,

id. 5, 12, 22:

in domo vires remansuras esse gaudebant,

Curt. 10, 7, 15; Sen. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 18:

iterare culpam,

Tac. H. 3, 11; Plin. Pan. 12, 4; cf.:

motus doceri gaudet Ionicos,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 21; 3, 18, 15:

laedere gaudes,

id. S. 1, 4, 78:

spargere gaudes argumenta viri,

Juv. 9, 84.—

With quod:

sane gaudeo, quod te interpellavi,

Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 1:

gaude, quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 19:

quod scribis te a Caesare cottidie plus diligi, immortaliter gaudeo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; cf.:

bonis viris quod ais probari quae adhuc fecerimus, valde gaudeo,

id. Att. 9, 7, 6.—

With abl.:

ipsa liberatione et vacuitate omnis molestiae gaudemus, omne autem id, quo gaudemus, voluptas est,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

correctione,

id. Lael. 24, 90:

illis,

id. ib. 6, 22:

aequitate justitiaque,

id. ib. 22, 82:

hoc scientiae genere,

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

praeda ac populationibus, magis quam otio aut requie,

Liv. 22, 9, 5:

scaena gaudens miraculis,

id. 5, 21, 9:

equis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 26:

equis canibusque,

id. A. P. 162: rure, [p. 803] id. S. 1, 10, 45:

pictis tabellis,

id. ib. 1, 1, 72:

carmine (with delectari iambis),

id. Ep. 2, 2, 59:

gaude sorte tua,

id. Epod. 14, 15; cf.:

ille cubans gaudet mutata sorte,

id. S. 2, 6, 110:

ero gaude,

i. e. at your master's return, Cat. 31, 12; Juv. 6, 74; 209; 379;

7, 105.—Prov.: gaudet patientia duris,

Luc. 9, 403.—

Absol.:

tristis sit (servus), si eri sint tristes: hilarus sit, si gaudeant,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 6; 3, 4, 10:

gaudebat, me laudabat,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 5:

gaudeat an doleat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 12:

et irasci nos et gaudere fingimus,

Quint. 9, 2, 26:

si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 6:

de Bursa, te gaudere certo scio,

id. Fam. 7, 2, 2:

admonebo, ut in sinu gaudeant, gloriose loqui desinant,

id. Tusc. 3, 21, 51.—

With acc. (usually with homogeneous or general objects):

hunc scio mea solide gavisurum gaudia,

Ter. And. 5, 5, 8; cf.: ut suum gaudium gauderemus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1; Cat. 61, 119:

jam id gaudeo,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 25; cf.:

gaudeo, etsi nil scio quod gaudeam,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 62:

hoc aliud est, quod gaudeamus,

id. Eun. 5, 9, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 63:

quod gaudere posset, hoc fuit,

Ov. M. 12, 607: nunc furit tam gavisos homines suum dolorem, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:

gaudent natorum fata parentes,

Stat. Th. 4, 231:

tu dulces lituos ululataque proelia gaudes,

id. ib. 9, 724.—In pass.:

ista pars gaudenda mihi potius quam, etc.,

Symm. Ep. 3, 29.—

With cum, quia, si, in, etc.:

quom gravidam et quom te pulcre plenam aspicio, gaudeo,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49; id. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35:

quom tu's liber, gaudeo,

id. Men. 5, 9, 87:

quia vos tranquillos video, gaudeo et volupe est mihi,

id. Am. 3, 3, 3: Er. Gaude. He. Quid ego gaudeam? Er. Quia ego impero. Age, gaude modo, id. Capt. 4, 2, 59:

gaudes, si cameram percusti forte,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 273:

mea Clotho et Lachesis gaudent, si pascitur inguine venter,

Juv. 9, 136:

crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratris,

Lucr. 3, 72:

in puero,

Prop. 2, 4, 18 (28):

tibi gratulor, mihi gaudeo, te amo,

I for my part, as for myself, Cic. Fam. 6, 15; v. in the foll. the passage Lucr. 3, 145.—

Like chairein of inanim. and abstr. things, to rejoice in, delight in any thing (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

nec tantum Phoebo gaudet Parnasia rupes,

Verg. E. 6, 29; 9, 48:

postquam oleo gavisa cutis,

Stat. Th. 6, 847:

umore omnia hortensia gaudent,

Plin. 19, 8, 39, § 131:

rastris atque ablaqueationibus (myrrha),

id. 12, 15, 33 §

66: addebantur et laudes, quibus haud minus quam praemio gaudent militum animi,

Liv. 2, 60, 3:

oratio gaudebit occasione laetius decurrendi,

Quint. 12, 9, 2:

(paeon) ante se brevibus gaudet pyrrhichio vel choreo,

id. 9, 4, 111; 10, 7, 16:

(vites) Amineae pingui arvo maxime gaudeant,

Col. 3, 2, 16:

id (sc. consilium, animus) sibi solum per se sapit: id sibi gaudet,

rejoices for itself, Lucr. 3, 145.—

In partic.

In sinu or in se, to rejoice within one's self or secretly, to feel a quiet joy:

ut in sinu gaudeant,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 21, 51:

qui sapit, in tacito gaudeat ille sinu,

Tib. 4, 13, 8 (cf.:

in tacito cohibe gaudia clausa sinu,

Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 30):

tam gaudet in se tamque se ipse miratur,

Cat. 22, 17.—

Like the Gr. chairein, as a word of salutation (pure Lat. salvere):

Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere Albinovano Musa rogata refer,

take my greetings to Celsus, Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 1; so ib. 15.—Hence, gaudens, entis, P. a., joyful, cheerful (very rare):

interea cum Musis nos delectabimus animo aequo, immo vero etiam gaudenti ac libenti,

Cic. Att. 2, 4, 2; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 9; Stat. S. 4, 6, 55:

si quis Forte coheredum senior male tussiet, huic tu Dic... gaudentem nummo te addicere,

with pleasure, gladly, Hor. S. 2, 5, 109.— Adv.: gauden-ter, rejoicingly (late Lat. and rare), Pseud. August. ad Fratr. Erem. Serm. 10 al.

gaudĕo, gāvīsus, 2 (archaic perf. gavisi, Liv. Andron. and Cass. Hem. ap. Prisc. p. 868 P.), v. n. and a. [Gr. gaiô, rejoice, for gaWiô; cf. gavisus; root gau-; gêtheô, ganumai, etc.; cf. agauros, proud, agê, astonishment], to rejoice, be glad or joyful respecting any thing, to take pleasure in, be pleased with, delight in (of inward joy, opp. laetari, to show one's self glad, exhibit joy; cf.:

gaudere decet, laetari non decet, quoniam docendi causa a gaudio laetitiam distinguimus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 66); usually constr. with an object-clause, quod, the abl., or absol.; less freq. with the acc., cum, quia, the gen., si, etc.

With acc. and inf. or the simple inf.:

quae perfecta esse gaudeo vehementerque laetor,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136; cf.:

quem tamen esse natum et nos gaudemus et haec civitas dum erit laetabitur,

id. Lael. 4, 14:

salvum te advenire gaudeo,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 52:

venire tu me gaudes?

id. ib. 2, 2, 7:

quos sibi Caesar oblatos gavisus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13 fin.:

animus aliquid magnum agere gaudet,

Quint. 1, 2, 30; 2, 1, 5; 9, 2, 78:

laudari in bonis gaudent,

id. 5, 12, 22:

in domo vires remansuras esse gaudebant,

Curt. 10, 7, 15; Sen. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 18:

iterare culpam,

Tac. H. 3, 11; Plin. Pan. 12, 4; cf.:

motus doceri gaudet Ionicos,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 21; 3, 18, 15:

laedere gaudes,

id. S. 1, 4, 78:

spargere gaudes argumenta viri,

Juv. 9, 84.—

With quod:

sane gaudeo, quod te interpellavi,

Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 1:

gaude, quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 19:

quod scribis te a Caesare cottidie plus diligi, immortaliter gaudeo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; cf.:

bonis viris quod ais probari quae adhuc fecerimus, valde gaudeo,

id. Att. 9, 7, 6.—

With abl.:

ipsa liberatione et vacuitate omnis molestiae gaudemus, omne autem id, quo gaudemus, voluptas est,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

correctione,

id. Lael. 24, 90:

illis,

id. ib. 6, 22:

aequitate justitiaque,

id. ib. 22, 82:

hoc scientiae genere,

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

praeda ac populationibus, magis quam otio aut requie,

Liv. 22, 9, 5:

scaena gaudens miraculis,

id. 5, 21, 9:

equis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 26:

equis canibusque,

id. A. P. 162: rure, [p. 803] id. S. 1, 10, 45:

pictis tabellis,

id. ib. 1, 1, 72:

carmine (with delectari iambis),

id. Ep. 2, 2, 59:

gaude sorte tua,

id. Epod. 14, 15; cf.:

ille cubans gaudet mutata sorte,

id. S. 2, 6, 110:

ero gaude,

i. e. at your master's return, Cat. 31, 12; Juv. 6, 74; 209; 379;

7, 105.—Prov.: gaudet patientia duris,

Luc. 9, 403.—

Absol.:

tristis sit (servus), si eri sint tristes: hilarus sit, si gaudeant,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 6; 3, 4, 10:

gaudebat, me laudabat,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 5:

gaudeat an doleat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 12:

et irasci nos et gaudere fingimus,

Quint. 9, 2, 26:

si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 6:

de Bursa, te gaudere certo scio,

id. Fam. 7, 2, 2:

admonebo, ut in sinu gaudeant, gloriose loqui desinant,

id. Tusc. 3, 21, 51.—

With acc. (usually with homogeneous or general objects):

hunc scio mea solide gavisurum gaudia,

Ter. And. 5, 5, 8; cf.: ut suum gaudium gauderemus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1; Cat. 61, 119:

jam id gaudeo,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 25; cf.:

gaudeo, etsi nil scio quod gaudeam,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 62:

hoc aliud est, quod gaudeamus,

id. Eun. 5, 9, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 63:

quod gaudere posset, hoc fuit,

Ov. M. 12, 607: nunc furit tam gavisos homines suum dolorem, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:

gaudent natorum fata parentes,

Stat. Th. 4, 231:

tu dulces lituos ululataque proelia gaudes,

id. ib. 9, 724.—In pass.:

ista pars gaudenda mihi potius quam, etc.,

Symm. Ep. 3, 29.—

With cum, quia, si, in, etc.:

quom gravidam et quom te pulcre plenam aspicio, gaudeo,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49; id. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35:

quom tu's liber, gaudeo,

id. Men. 5, 9, 87:

quia vos tranquillos video, gaudeo et volupe est mihi,

id. Am. 3, 3, 3: Er. Gaude. He. Quid ego gaudeam? Er. Quia ego impero. Age, gaude modo, id. Capt. 4, 2, 59:

gaudes, si cameram percusti forte,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 273:

mea Clotho et Lachesis gaudent, si pascitur inguine venter,

Juv. 9, 136:

crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratris,

Lucr. 3, 72:

in puero,

Prop. 2, 4, 18 (28):

tibi gratulor, mihi gaudeo, te amo,

I for my part, as for myself, Cic. Fam. 6, 15; v. in the foll. the passage Lucr. 3, 145.—

Like chairein of inanim. and abstr. things, to rejoice in, delight in any thing (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

nec tantum Phoebo gaudet Parnasia rupes,

Verg. E. 6, 29; 9, 48:

postquam oleo gavisa cutis,

Stat. Th. 6, 847:

umore omnia hortensia gaudent,

Plin. 19, 8, 39, § 131:

rastris atque ablaqueationibus (myrrha),

id. 12, 15, 33 §

66: addebantur et laudes, quibus haud minus quam praemio gaudent militum animi,

Liv. 2, 60, 3:

oratio gaudebit occasione laetius decurrendi,

Quint. 12, 9, 2:

(paeon) ante se brevibus gaudet pyrrhichio vel choreo,

id. 9, 4, 111; 10, 7, 16:

(vites) Amineae pingui arvo maxime gaudeant,

Col. 3, 2, 16:

id (sc. consilium, animus) sibi solum per se sapit: id sibi gaudet,

rejoices for itself, Lucr. 3, 145.—

In partic.

In sinu or in se, to rejoice within one's self or secretly, to feel a quiet joy:

ut in sinu gaudeant,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 21, 51:

qui sapit, in tacito gaudeat ille sinu,

Tib. 4, 13, 8 (cf.:

in tacito cohibe gaudia clausa sinu,

Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 30):

tam gaudet in se tamque se ipse miratur,

Cat. 22, 17.—

Like the Gr. chairein, as a word of salutation (pure Lat. salvere):

Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere Albinovano Musa rogata refer,

take my greetings to Celsus, Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 1; so ib. 15.—Hence, gaudens, entis, P. a., joyful, cheerful (very rare):

interea cum Musis nos delectabimus animo aequo, immo vero etiam gaudenti ac libenti,

Cic. Att. 2, 4, 2; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 9; Stat. S. 4, 6, 55:

si quis Forte coheredum senior male tussiet, huic tu Dic... gaudentem nummo te addicere,

with pleasure, gladly, Hor. S. 2, 5, 109.— Adv.: gauden-ter, rejoicingly (late Lat. and rare), Pseud. August. ad Fratr. Erem. Serm. 10 al.

in-firmus, a, um (post-class. infir-mis, e, Amm. 20, 6), adj., not strong, weak, feeble.

Lit.:

viribus infirmis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95:

valetudo,

id. Brut. 48, 180:

classis inops et infirma,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

valetudo infirmissima,

id. de Or. 1, 45. —Hence, infirm, indisposed, sick:

sum admodum infirmus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 14; Plin. Ep. 7, 26:

pecus,

i. e. sheep, Ov. Ib. 44:

lumen solis,

weak, feeble, Luc. 5, 545:

infirmior est panis ex polline,

less nourishing, Cels. 2, 18:

infirmissimus cibarius panis,

id. ib.:

saporis vinum,

Col. 3, 7:

infirmissimae arbores,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

nervi,

weak, id. 23, 2, 28, § 59:

civitas exigua et infirma,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17.—With ad:

infirmi ad resistendum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 3:

infirmior ad haec omnia,

Plin. 36, 20, 37, § 145.—With adversus:

fama, infirmissimum adversus viros fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14.— In neutr. pl. subst.: infirma, ōrum, the weak parts:

lineae,

Plin. 9, 43, 67, § 145.—

Trop., weak in mind or character, superstitious, pusillanimous, inconstant, light-minded:

tenuis atque infirmi haec animi videri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

quippe minuti Semper et infirmi est animi voluptas ultio,

Juv. 13, 190:

sum paulo infirmior,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

quorum concursu terrentur infirmiores,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:

homines infirmissimi,

very uncertain, not to be depended on, Col. 3, 10, 6.—Of things, of no weight or consequence, weak, trivial, inconclusive:

omnino ad probandum utraque res infirma et nugatoria est,

Cic. Caecin. 23, 64:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est,

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

cautiones,

id. Fam. 7, 18:

infirmiore vinculo (amicitiae) contrahi,

Liv. 7, 30, 2. —Hence, advv.

Form infirmē.

Weakly, faintly, not strongly, not very:

infirme animatus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 3. — Of speech, feebly, without vigor of expression:

jejune et infirme,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 21.—

Weak-mindedly, superstitiously:

tonitrua et fulgura paulo infirmius expavescebat,

Suet. Aug. 9. —

Form infirmĭter, weakly, feebly, without energy:

infirmiter invalideque dicere,

Arn. 7, 250.

in-firmus, a, um (post-class. infir-mis, e, Amm. 20, 6), adj., not strong, weak, feeble.

Lit.:

viribus infirmis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95:

valetudo,

id. Brut. 48, 180:

classis inops et infirma,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

valetudo infirmissima,

id. de Or. 1, 45. —Hence, infirm, indisposed, sick:

sum admodum infirmus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 14; Plin. Ep. 7, 26:

pecus,

i. e. sheep, Ov. Ib. 44:

lumen solis,

weak, feeble, Luc. 5, 545:

infirmior est panis ex polline,

less nourishing, Cels. 2, 18:

infirmissimus cibarius panis,

id. ib.:

saporis vinum,

Col. 3, 7:

infirmissimae arbores,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

nervi,

weak, id. 23, 2, 28, § 59:

civitas exigua et infirma,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17.—With ad:

infirmi ad resistendum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 3:

infirmior ad haec omnia,

Plin. 36, 20, 37, § 145.—With adversus:

fama, infirmissimum adversus viros fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14.— In neutr. pl. subst.: infirma, ōrum, the weak parts:

lineae,

Plin. 9, 43, 67, § 145.—

Trop., weak in mind or character, superstitious, pusillanimous, inconstant, light-minded:

tenuis atque infirmi haec animi videri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

quippe minuti Semper et infirmi est animi voluptas ultio,

Juv. 13, 190:

sum paulo infirmior,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

quorum concursu terrentur infirmiores,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:

homines infirmissimi,

very uncertain, not to be depended on, Col. 3, 10, 6.—Of things, of no weight or consequence, weak, trivial, inconclusive:

omnino ad probandum utraque res infirma et nugatoria est,

Cic. Caecin. 23, 64:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est,

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

cautiones,

id. Fam. 7, 18:

infirmiore vinculo (amicitiae) contrahi,

Liv. 7, 30, 2. —Hence, advv.

Form infirmē.

Weakly, faintly, not strongly, not very:

infirme animatus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 3. — Of speech, feebly, without vigor of expression:

jejune et infirme,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 21.—

Weak-mindedly, superstitiously:

tonitrua et fulgura paulo infirmius expavescebat,

Suet. Aug. 9. —

Form infirmĭter, weakly, feebly, without energy:

infirmiter invalideque dicere,

Arn. 7, 250.

mons, tis (archaic abl. montei, Enn. ap. Non. 222, 33; cf. Ann. v. 420 Vahl.), m. [etym. dub., perh. from the root min, whence also, emineo, mentum, minari; cf. minae; lit. a projecting body; hence], a mountain, mount.

Lit.:

montium altitudines,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

altissimi,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

avii,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 2:

inaccessi,

Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144:

lapidosi,

Ov. M. 1, 44.—Prov.:

parturiunt montes, nascetur ridiculus mus, said where much is promised but little performed,

Hor. A. P. 139.—

Transf.

A mountain, i. e. a (heaped-up, towering) mass, a heap, quantity:

argenti montes,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 73:

montes mali ardentes,

id. Merc. 3, 4, 32; id. Ep. 1, 1, 78:

ita mali maeroris montem maxumum conspicatus sum,

id. Most. 2, 1, 6:

mons in Tusculani monte,

i. e. a lofty, splendid building near Tusculum, Cic. Pis. 21, 48:

aquae,

Verg. A. 1, 105:

armorum,

Sil. 10, 549.—Of a wagon-load of stones:

eversum fudit super agmina montem,

Juv. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 1, 145.—Prov.:

montes auri polliceri,

to promise mountains of gold, to make great promises, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 18; so,

maria montesque polliceri,

Sall. C. 23, 3:

magnos montes promittere,

Pers. 3, 65.—

A mountain-rock, rock in gen. ( poet.):

fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu,

Verg. A. 12, 687:

Graii,

Greek marble, Stat. Th. 1, 145.—

Mountain-beasts, wild beasts (late poet.):

consumant totos spectacula montes,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 310.

nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non [p. 1195] possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.

Lit.:

necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium;

illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

necessaria conclusio,

id. Top. 16, 60:

leges fatales et necessariae,

id. Univ. 12:

omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.—So without dat., = necesse est:

ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22:

castra ponere necessarium visum est,

Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216:

necessariā re coactus,

by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16:

cum longius necessario procederent,

farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16:

res magis necessariae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

res maxime necessaria,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

necessarior medela,

Tert. Patient. 11:

necessarior sententia,

id. Test. Anim. 4:

necessariores operas,

id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31:

aliquid necessarius,

id. Carn. Christ. 7 med. — Subst.: nĕcessārĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life:

Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt,

Curt. 5, 12, 6:

plebes sic adcensa uti... sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent,

Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.—

In partic.:

necessariae partes,

the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.—

Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.

Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so,

homo,

of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6:

ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas,

Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.—

Subst.: nĕcessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.:

L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius,

Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

id. Mur. 35, 73:

Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.—Hence, adv.

nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily:

necessarie demonstrari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44:

comparato cibo,

Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.—

nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form):

necessario reviviscere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

quibuscum vivo necessario,

id. ib. 5, 21, 1:

quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

copias parat,

Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.

nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non [p. 1195] possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.

Lit.:

necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium;

illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

necessaria conclusio,

id. Top. 16, 60:

leges fatales et necessariae,

id. Univ. 12:

omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.—So without dat., = necesse est:

ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22:

castra ponere necessarium visum est,

Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216:

necessariā re coactus,

by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16:

cum longius necessario procederent,

farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16:

res magis necessariae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

res maxime necessaria,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

necessarior medela,

Tert. Patient. 11:

necessarior sententia,

id. Test. Anim. 4:

necessariores operas,

id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31:

aliquid necessarius,

id. Carn. Christ. 7 med. — Subst.: nĕcessārĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life:

Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt,

Curt. 5, 12, 6:

plebes sic adcensa uti... sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent,

Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.—

In partic.:

necessariae partes,

the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.—

Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.

Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so,

homo,

of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6:

ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas,

Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.—

Subst.: nĕcessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.:

L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius,

Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

id. Mur. 35, 73:

Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.—Hence, adv.

nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily:

necessarie demonstrari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44:

comparato cibo,

Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.—

nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form):

necessario reviviscere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

quibuscum vivo necessario,

id. ib. 5, 21, 1:

quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

copias parat,

Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.