friend

• Friend of the court

friend, comrade.

ămīcus (old form ămēcus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.), a, um, adj. [amo], friendly, kind, amicable, favorable, inclined to, liking; constr. with dat., Zumpt, Gram. §

410: animo esse amico erga aliquem,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 29; Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

tribuni sunt nobis amici,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2 fin.:

homo amicus nobis jam inde a puero,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

Pompeium tibi valde amicum esse cognovi,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 5; id. Att. 9, 5:

amicus non magis tyranno quam tyrannidi,

Nep. Dion, 3, 2; id. Att. 9:

male numen amicum,

Verg. A. 2, 735; Ov. F. 3, 834:

(Fortuna) amica varietati constantiam respuit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 16:

amica luto sus,

fond of, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 26.— Comp.:

mihi nemo est amicior Attico,

Cic. Att. 16, 16:

amicior Cilicum aerariis quam nostro,

id. ib. 7, 1, 6; id. Fam. 3, 2, 1.— Sup.:

Deiotarum, fidelissimum regem atque amicissimum rei publicae nostrae,

Cic. Att. 15, 2, 2:

cum summi viri, tum amicissimi,

id. Am. 2, 8:

amicissimi viri,

Suet. Caes. 1:

successor conjunctissimus et amicissimus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 3:

hoc libro ad amicum amicissimus de amicitiā scripsi,

id. Am. 1, 5; 23, 88 (but the comp. and sup. may sometimes be rendered as belonging to 2. amicus, a greater friend, the greatest friend, as in Cic. Att. 16, 16, and Am. 1, 5; so in Gr. basileus etc.).—

Of things, kindly, pleasing (mostly poet.;

so Cic. rarely): nihil homini amico est opportuno amicius,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 44:

secundum te nihil est mihi amicius solitudine,

Cic. Att. 12, 15:

portus intramus amicos,

Verg. A. 5, 57: fessos opibus solatur amicis, id. [p. 106] ib. 5, 416:

vento amico ferri,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 17:

per amica silentia lunae,

Verg. A. 2, 255:

amici imbres,

id. G. 4, 115:

sidus amicum,

Hor. Epod. 10, 9:

sol amicum tempus agens,

bringing the welcome hour, id. C. 3, 6, 43:

tempus fraudibus amicum,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 39:

brevitas postulatur, qui mihimet ipsi amicissima est,

Cic. Quinct. 34.—

Amicum est mihi (after the Gr. philon esti moi; in pure Lat., mihi cordi est, etc.); with inf., it pleases me, it accords with my feelings:

nec dis amicum est nec mihi te prius Obire,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 2.—Hence, adv., in a friendly manner, kindly, amicably.

Old form ămīcĭter, Pac. ap. Non. 510, 26; Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 3.—

Class. form ămīcē:

facis amice,

Cic. Am. 2, 9:

haec accipienda amice,

id. ib. 24, 88; id. Fin. 1, 10; id. Off. 1, 26. —

* Comp., Front. ad M. Caes. 1, 6.— Sup., Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9; Caes. B. C. 2, 17.

ămīcus, i, m. [from amo, as philos from phileô, and from ] ( gen. plur. amicūm, Ter. Heaut. prol. 24).

A friend; constr. with gen. or poss. adj.; v. Zumpt, Gram. §

410: est is (amicus) tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Am. 21, 80 (cf. id. ib. 25, 92; id. Off. 1, 17):

amicum qui intuetur, tamquam exemplar intuetur sui,

id. Am. 7, 23:

Non tam utilitas parta per amicum, quam amici amor ipse delectat,

id. ib. 14, 51: Amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. ib. 17, 64:

boni improbis, improbi bonis amici esse non possunt,

Cic. ib. 20, 74:

ex omnibus saeculis vix tria aut quattuor nominantur paria amicorum,

id. ib. 4, 15:

tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 54 and 57:

vetus verbum hoc est, Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 18:

Respicis antiquum lassis in rebus amicum,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 93:

Alba tuus antiquissimus non solum amicus, verum etiam amator,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.:

hospitis et amici mei M. Pacuvii fabula,

id. Am. 7, 24:

suis incommodis graviter angi non amicum sed se ipsum amantis est,

of one loving not his friend, but himself, id. ib. 3, 10:

ab amicis honesta petere, amicorum causā honesta facere,

id. ib. 13, 44:

paternus amicus ac pernecessarius,

id. Fl. 6, 14:

amicus novus,

id. Am. 19, 67:

vetus,

id. ib.; Verg. A. 3, 82; Hor. S. 2, 6, 81; Ov. P. 1, 6, 53:

amici ac familiares veteres,

Suet. Tib. 55:

aequaevus,

Verg. A. 5, 452:

ardens,

id. ib. 9, 198:

dulcis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 69; Ov. P. 1, 8, 31:

carus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 7:

jucundus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 93:

amici jucundissimi et omnium horarum,

Suet. Tib. 42:

amicus propior,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

fidelis,

id. ib. 2, 2, 1; Vulg. Eccli. 6, 14:

fidus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 24:

verus,

Cic. Am. 21, 82; Vulg. Eccli. 25, 12:

mendax,

Hor. A. P. 425:

secernere blandum amicum a vero,

Cic. Am. 25, 95:

memor,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 33:

summus,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 1:

primus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 65:

amici tristes,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 24:

maesti,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:

dives,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 24:

inops,

id. S. 1, 2, 5:

inferioris ordinis amici,

Cic. Am. 19, 69:

communes amici,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2:

amice, salve!

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 12; so Cat. 55, 7; Verg. A. 6, 507; Hor. C. 2, 14, 6; and Vulg. Matt. 20, 13:

magnanimi veritatis amici,

Cic. Off. 1, 19:

amicos parare,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 39:

amicos parare optimam vitae, ut ita dicam, supellectilem,

Cic. Am. 15, 55:

minus amicorum habens,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 22:

me unum atque unicum amicum habuit,

Cat. 73, 6;

amicos habere,

Cic. Am. 11, 36; so Vulg. Prov. 22, 11:

nos sibi amicos junget,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32; Hor. S. 1, 3, 54:

amicum servare,

id. ib.:

amicum servare per durum tempus,

Ov. P. 2, 6, 29:

aliquo uti amico,

to have one as a friend, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Hor. S. 1, 4, 96:

sibi amicum facere,

Vulg. Luc. 16, 9:

amicum diligere,

Verg. A. 9, 430; Vulg. Deut. 13, 6:

amico inservire,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 8:

amico parcere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 35:

et monendi amici saepe sunt et objurgandi,

Cic. Am. 24, 88:

amico ignoscere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 110:

angorem pro amico capere,

Cic. Am. 13, 48:

amici jacentem animum excitare,

id. ib. 16, 59:

amicum consolari,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 41:

amico orbatus,

Cic. Am. 3, 10:

amicum offendere,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 73:

non paucis munitus amicis,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 25.—Also for patronus, patron, protector; so Horace of Mæcenas, Epod. 1, 2:

amicus potens,

powerful friend, id. C. 2, 18, 12; so,

magnus,

Juv. 3, 57; 6, 313: Suet. Aug. 56:

valentissimi,

id. ib. 35.—And for socius, companion:

trepido fugam exprobravit amico,

Ov. M. 13, 69.—

In polit. relations, a friend of the State (who was not always socius, an ally, but the socius was always amicus; cf.

amicitia): Deiotarus ex animo amicus, unus fidelis populo Romano,

Cic. Phil. 11, 13:

socio atque amico regi,

Liv. 37, 54; 7, 30 et saep.; Suet. Caes. 11.—

In and after the Aug. per., a counsellor, courtier, minister of a prince, Nep. Milt. 3, 2 Dähn.:

fuerunt multi reges ex amicis Alexandri Magni,

id. Reg. 3, 1; so Suet. Caes. 70, 72; 70, 79; id. Aug. 16; 17; 35; 56; 66; id. Calig. 19; id. Ner. 5; id. Galb. 7 al.; cf. Ernest. ad Suet. Excurs. XV.—Hence, ămī-ca, ae, f.

In bon. part., a female friend (very rare; cf. hetaira in Hom., Aristoph., Plato):

amicae, cognatae,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 16:

at haec amicae erunt, ubi, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 24:

Me (laedit) soror et cum quae dormit amica simul,

Prop. 2, 6, 12:

ibit ad adfectam, quae non languebit, amicam Visere,

Ov. Am. 2, 2, 21; cf. Juv. 3, 12; 6, 353; 6, 455; 6, 481; so Inscr. Grut. 865, 17; 891, 4. —

In mal. part., = meretrix, a concubine, mistress, courtesan (esp. freq. in the comic poets; so in Gr. hetaira com. in Att. usage): eum suus pater ab amicā abduxit, Naev. ap. Gell. 6, 8:

mulierem pejorem quam haec amica est Phaedromi non vidi,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 1, 3; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 25; 3, 4, 22; id. Cist. 2, 3, 28; id. Ep. 5, 2, 36; 5, 2, 39 al.:

sive ista uxor sive amica est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 52; 1, 2, 15; 3, 3, 6; 4, 6, 15 et saep.; Cic. Att. 10, 10; Dig. 50, 16, 144.

ămīcus (old form ămēcus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.), a, um, adj. [amo], friendly, kind, amicable, favorable, inclined to, liking; constr. with dat., Zumpt, Gram. §

410: animo esse amico erga aliquem,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 29; Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

tribuni sunt nobis amici,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2 fin.:

homo amicus nobis jam inde a puero,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

Pompeium tibi valde amicum esse cognovi,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 5; id. Att. 9, 5:

amicus non magis tyranno quam tyrannidi,

Nep. Dion, 3, 2; id. Att. 9:

male numen amicum,

Verg. A. 2, 735; Ov. F. 3, 834:

(Fortuna) amica varietati constantiam respuit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 16:

amica luto sus,

fond of, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 26.— Comp.:

mihi nemo est amicior Attico,

Cic. Att. 16, 16:

amicior Cilicum aerariis quam nostro,

id. ib. 7, 1, 6; id. Fam. 3, 2, 1.— Sup.:

Deiotarum, fidelissimum regem atque amicissimum rei publicae nostrae,

Cic. Att. 15, 2, 2:

cum summi viri, tum amicissimi,

id. Am. 2, 8:

amicissimi viri,

Suet. Caes. 1:

successor conjunctissimus et amicissimus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 3:

hoc libro ad amicum amicissimus de amicitiā scripsi,

id. Am. 1, 5; 23, 88 (but the comp. and sup. may sometimes be rendered as belonging to 2. amicus, a greater friend, the greatest friend, as in Cic. Att. 16, 16, and Am. 1, 5; so in Gr. basileus etc.).—

Of things, kindly, pleasing (mostly poet.;

so Cic. rarely): nihil homini amico est opportuno amicius,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 44:

secundum te nihil est mihi amicius solitudine,

Cic. Att. 12, 15:

portus intramus amicos,

Verg. A. 5, 57: fessos opibus solatur amicis, id. [p. 106] ib. 5, 416:

vento amico ferri,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 17:

per amica silentia lunae,

Verg. A. 2, 255:

amici imbres,

id. G. 4, 115:

sidus amicum,

Hor. Epod. 10, 9:

sol amicum tempus agens,

bringing the welcome hour, id. C. 3, 6, 43:

tempus fraudibus amicum,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 39:

brevitas postulatur, qui mihimet ipsi amicissima est,

Cic. Quinct. 34.—

Amicum est mihi (after the Gr. philon esti moi; in pure Lat., mihi cordi est, etc.); with inf., it pleases me, it accords with my feelings:

nec dis amicum est nec mihi te prius Obire,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 2.—Hence, adv., in a friendly manner, kindly, amicably.

Old form ămīcĭter, Pac. ap. Non. 510, 26; Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 3.—

Class. form ămīcē:

facis amice,

Cic. Am. 2, 9:

haec accipienda amice,

id. ib. 24, 88; id. Fin. 1, 10; id. Off. 1, 26. —

* Comp., Front. ad M. Caes. 1, 6.— Sup., Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9; Caes. B. C. 2, 17.

ămīcus, i, m. [from amo, as philos from phileô, and from ] ( gen. plur. amicūm, Ter. Heaut. prol. 24).

A friend; constr. with gen. or poss. adj.; v. Zumpt, Gram. §

410: est is (amicus) tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Am. 21, 80 (cf. id. ib. 25, 92; id. Off. 1, 17):

amicum qui intuetur, tamquam exemplar intuetur sui,

id. Am. 7, 23:

Non tam utilitas parta per amicum, quam amici amor ipse delectat,

id. ib. 14, 51: Amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. ib. 17, 64:

boni improbis, improbi bonis amici esse non possunt,

Cic. ib. 20, 74:

ex omnibus saeculis vix tria aut quattuor nominantur paria amicorum,

id. ib. 4, 15:

tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 54 and 57:

vetus verbum hoc est, Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 18:

Respicis antiquum lassis in rebus amicum,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 93:

Alba tuus antiquissimus non solum amicus, verum etiam amator,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.:

hospitis et amici mei M. Pacuvii fabula,

id. Am. 7, 24:

suis incommodis graviter angi non amicum sed se ipsum amantis est,

of one loving not his friend, but himself, id. ib. 3, 10:

ab amicis honesta petere, amicorum causā honesta facere,

id. ib. 13, 44:

paternus amicus ac pernecessarius,

id. Fl. 6, 14:

amicus novus,

id. Am. 19, 67:

vetus,

id. ib.; Verg. A. 3, 82; Hor. S. 2, 6, 81; Ov. P. 1, 6, 53:

amici ac familiares veteres,

Suet. Tib. 55:

aequaevus,

Verg. A. 5, 452:

ardens,

id. ib. 9, 198:

dulcis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 69; Ov. P. 1, 8, 31:

carus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 7:

jucundus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 93:

amici jucundissimi et omnium horarum,

Suet. Tib. 42:

amicus propior,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

fidelis,

id. ib. 2, 2, 1; Vulg. Eccli. 6, 14:

fidus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 24:

verus,

Cic. Am. 21, 82; Vulg. Eccli. 25, 12:

mendax,

Hor. A. P. 425:

secernere blandum amicum a vero,

Cic. Am. 25, 95:

memor,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 33:

summus,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 1:

primus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 65:

amici tristes,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 24:

maesti,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:

dives,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 24:

inops,

id. S. 1, 2, 5:

inferioris ordinis amici,

Cic. Am. 19, 69:

communes amici,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2:

amice, salve!

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 12; so Cat. 55, 7; Verg. A. 6, 507; Hor. C. 2, 14, 6; and Vulg. Matt. 20, 13:

magnanimi veritatis amici,

Cic. Off. 1, 19:

amicos parare,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 39:

amicos parare optimam vitae, ut ita dicam, supellectilem,

Cic. Am. 15, 55:

minus amicorum habens,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 22:

me unum atque unicum amicum habuit,

Cat. 73, 6;

amicos habere,

Cic. Am. 11, 36; so Vulg. Prov. 22, 11:

nos sibi amicos junget,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32; Hor. S. 1, 3, 54:

amicum servare,

id. ib.:

amicum servare per durum tempus,

Ov. P. 2, 6, 29:

aliquo uti amico,

to have one as a friend, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Hor. S. 1, 4, 96:

sibi amicum facere,

Vulg. Luc. 16, 9:

amicum diligere,

Verg. A. 9, 430; Vulg. Deut. 13, 6:

amico inservire,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 8:

amico parcere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 35:

et monendi amici saepe sunt et objurgandi,

Cic. Am. 24, 88:

amico ignoscere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 110:

angorem pro amico capere,

Cic. Am. 13, 48:

amici jacentem animum excitare,

id. ib. 16, 59:

amicum consolari,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 41:

amico orbatus,

Cic. Am. 3, 10:

amicum offendere,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 73:

non paucis munitus amicis,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 25.—Also for patronus, patron, protector; so Horace of Mæcenas, Epod. 1, 2:

amicus potens,

powerful friend, id. C. 2, 18, 12; so,

magnus,

Juv. 3, 57; 6, 313: Suet. Aug. 56:

valentissimi,

id. ib. 35.—And for socius, companion:

trepido fugam exprobravit amico,

Ov. M. 13, 69.—

In polit. relations, a friend of the State (who was not always socius, an ally, but the socius was always amicus; cf.

amicitia): Deiotarus ex animo amicus, unus fidelis populo Romano,

Cic. Phil. 11, 13:

socio atque amico regi,

Liv. 37, 54; 7, 30 et saep.; Suet. Caes. 11.—

In and after the Aug. per., a counsellor, courtier, minister of a prince, Nep. Milt. 3, 2 Dähn.:

fuerunt multi reges ex amicis Alexandri Magni,

id. Reg. 3, 1; so Suet. Caes. 70, 72; 70, 79; id. Aug. 16; 17; 35; 56; 66; id. Calig. 19; id. Ner. 5; id. Galb. 7 al.; cf. Ernest. ad Suet. Excurs. XV.—Hence, ămī-ca, ae, f.

In bon. part., a female friend (very rare; cf. hetaira in Hom., Aristoph., Plato):

amicae, cognatae,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 16:

at haec amicae erunt, ubi, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 24:

Me (laedit) soror et cum quae dormit amica simul,

Prop. 2, 6, 12:

ibit ad adfectam, quae non languebit, amicam Visere,

Ov. Am. 2, 2, 21; cf. Juv. 3, 12; 6, 353; 6, 455; 6, 481; so Inscr. Grut. 865, 17; 891, 4. —

In mal. part., = meretrix, a concubine, mistress, courtesan (esp. freq. in the comic poets; so in Gr. hetaira com. in Att. usage): eum suus pater ab amicā abduxit, Naev. ap. Gell. 6, 8:

mulierem pejorem quam haec amica est Phaedromi non vidi,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 1, 3; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 25; 3, 4, 22; id. Cist. 2, 3, 28; id. Ep. 5, 2, 36; 5, 2, 39 al.:

sive ista uxor sive amica est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 52; 1, 2, 15; 3, 3, 6; 4, 6, 15 et saep.; Cic. Att. 10, 10; Dig. 50, 16, 144.

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nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non [p. 1195] possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.

Lit.:

necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium;

illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

necessaria conclusio,

id. Top. 16, 60:

leges fatales et necessariae,

id. Univ. 12:

omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.—So without dat., = necesse est:

ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22:

castra ponere necessarium visum est,

Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216:

necessariā re coactus,

by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16:

cum longius necessario procederent,

farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16:

res magis necessariae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

res maxime necessaria,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

necessarior medela,

Tert. Patient. 11:

necessarior sententia,

id. Test. Anim. 4:

necessariores operas,

id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31:

aliquid necessarius,

id. Carn. Christ. 7 med. — Subst.: nĕcessārĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life:

Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt,

Curt. 5, 12, 6:

plebes sic adcensa uti... sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent,

Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.—

In partic.:

necessariae partes,

the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.—

Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.

Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so,

homo,

of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6:

ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas,

Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.—

Subst.: nĕcessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.:

L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius,

Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

id. Mur. 35, 73:

Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.—Hence, adv.

nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily:

necessarie demonstrari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44:

comparato cibo,

Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.—

nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form):

necessario reviviscere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

quibuscum vivo necessario,

id. ib. 5, 21, 1:

quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

copias parat,

Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.

nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non [p. 1195] possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.

Lit.:

necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium;

illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

necessaria conclusio,

id. Top. 16, 60:

leges fatales et necessariae,

id. Univ. 12:

omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.—So without dat., = necesse est:

ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22:

castra ponere necessarium visum est,

Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216:

necessariā re coactus,

by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16:

cum longius necessario procederent,

farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16:

res magis necessariae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

res maxime necessaria,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

necessarior medela,

Tert. Patient. 11:

necessarior sententia,

id. Test. Anim. 4:

necessariores operas,

id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31:

aliquid necessarius,

id. Carn. Christ. 7 med. — Subst.: nĕcessārĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life:

Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt,

Curt. 5, 12, 6:

plebes sic adcensa uti... sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent,

Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.—

In partic.:

necessariae partes,

the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.—

Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.

Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so,

homo,

of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6:

ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas,

Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.—

Subst.: nĕcessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.:

L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius,

Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend:

virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

id. Mur. 35, 73:

Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.—Hence, adv.

nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily:

necessarie demonstrari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44:

comparato cibo,

Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.—

nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form):

necessario reviviscere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

quibuscum vivo necessario,

id. ib. 5, 21, 1:

quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

copias parat,

Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.

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• A friend in need is a friend in deed. (our equivalent)

ad-vŏco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to call or summon one to a place, esp. for counsel, aid, etc.; constr. absol., with ad, in, or dat.

In gen.

Lit.:

ego Tiresiam advocabo et consulam quid faciendum censeat,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 76:

contionem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80:

aliquem ad obsignandum,

id. Att. 12, 18; so Liv. 1, 39:

viros primarios in consilium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 7, § 18; so Liv. 42, 33:

ego vos, quo pauca monerem, advocavi,

Sall. C. 60:

eo (i. e. in aedem Concordiae) senatum advocat,

id. ib. 47:

(Deus) advocabit caelum desursum,

Vulg. Psa. 49, 4:

advocari gaudiis,

to be invited, Hor. C. 4, 11, 13:

aegro,

Ov. R. Am. 110:

causis,

Quint. 11, 1, 38.—

Trop.:

animum ad se ipsum advocamus,

we turn the mind upon itself, call the thoughts home, Cic. Tusc. 1, 31:

non desiderat fortitudo advocatam iracundiam,

id. ib. 4, 23; so id. Ac. 2, 27; id. Tusc. 5, 38. —

Esp.

In judicial lang., t. t., to avail one's self of some one in a cause, as aid, assistant, witness, counsellor, etc., to call in:

aliquem alicui,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 6; so id. Bacch. 2, 3, 28; id. Ps. 4, 7, 59:

aliquot mihi Amicos advocabo,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 83:

viros bonos complures advocat,

Cic. Quint. 21:

in his, quos tibi advocasti,

id. ib. 2 al.—Also used of the friend of the plaintiff or defendant, who calls in his friends to aid in the suit:

Oppianicus in judicio Scamandri aderat, frequens advocabat,

Cic. Clu. 19.—Hence, transf. to other things, to call to one's aid, to call to for help, to summon:

desuper Alcides telis premit omniaque arma Advocat,

Verg. A. 8, 249:

secretas artes,

Ov. M. 7, 138:

ad conamina noctem,

Sil. 9, 82; Sen. Troad. 613:

aliquid in tutelam securitatis suae,

Vell. 2, 108:

vires suas,

Sen. Ben. 6, 2.—

To get a respite, to delay, Plin. Ep. 5, 8; v. advocatio, II. C. —

To give consolation, to console (in imitation of the Gr. parakalein), Tert. adv. Marc. 14.

(Gr. II. 290) explains advocapit as an old imperat., instead of advocabite.Hence, advŏcātus, i, m.

In the class. per., in judicial lang., one who is called by one of the parties in a suit to aid as a witness or counsel, a legal assistant, counsellor (diff. from patronus or orator, who spoke for a client engaged in a suit; from cognitor, who appeared in the name of such parties as had themselves been at first in court;

and from procurator, who appeared for such as were absent,

Ascon. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4; Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 48; Heind. ad Hor. S. 2, 5, 38;

v. Smith's Dict. Antiq.): quaeso, ut advocatus mihi adsis neve abeas,

Plaut. Am. 4, 3, 3; so id. Men. 5, 2, 47; id. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 1, 23; 6, 11; id. Trin. 5, 2, 37 al.:

adversusne illum causam dicerem, cui veneram advocatus?

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 43; so id. Eun. 2, 3, 49; 4, 6, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 11:

quis eum umquam non modo in patroni, sed in laudatoris aut advocati loco viderat,

Cic. Clu. 40; id. Phil. 1, 7:

venire advocatum alicui in rem praesentem,

id. Off. 1, 10, etc.; Liv. 42, 33, 1.—

In the post-Aug. per., for patronus, orator, etc., who conducted a process for any one, an advocate, attorney, etc., Quint. 12, 1, 13; cf. id. 12, 1, 25; 5, 6 fin.; 9, 3, 22; Plin. Ep. 7, 22; Tac. A. 11, 5, 6; Suet. Claud. 15 and 33.—

Esp., in eccl. Lat., of Christ as our intercessor, advocate:

advocatum habemus apud Patrem, Jesum Christum,

Vulg. 1 Joan. 2, 1.—

Transf., in gen., an assistant, helper, friend:

se in fugam conferunt unā amici advocatique ejus,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22.

Attĭcus, a, um, adj., = Attikos.

In gen., of or pertaining to Attica or Athens, Attic, Athenian:

Athenae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 2; id. Rud. 3, 4, 36 al.:

civis Attica atque libera,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 159:

civis Attica,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 16:

disciplina,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 24:

fines,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 6:

regio,

Plin. 10, 12, 15, § 33:

thymum,

id. 21, 10, 31, § 57:

mel,

of Mount Hymettus, id. ib.:

apis,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 30:

sal,

Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 87:

columnae,

formed in the Attic manner, id. 36, 23, 56, § 179 (cf. atticurges):

ochra,

id. 37, 10, 66, § 179 (cf. 2. Attice):

paelex,

i. e. Philomela, Mart. 10, 51; cf. Ov. M. 6, 537: fides, i. e. sincere, firm, prov., Vell. 2, 23, 4:

profluvius, a disease of animals,

the glanders, Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 17 and 38.— Attĭci, ōrum, m., the Athenians, Phaedr. 1, 2, 6.—

Esp.

Appel., to designate the highest grade of style, philosophy, eloquence, etc., Cic. Opt. Gen. 3, 7 sqq.; cf. id. Brut. 82, 284 sqq.:

Demosthenes, quo ne Athenas quidem ipsas magis credo fuisse Atticas,

id. Or. 7, 23:

lepos,

Mart. 3, 20.—Hence, subst.: Attici, orators of the Attic stamp (opp. Asiani): et antiqua quidem illa divisio inter Atticos atque Asianos fuit: cum hi pressi et integri, contra inflati illi et inanes haberentur;

in his nihil superflueret, illis judicium maxime ac modus deesset, etc.,

Quint. 12, 10, 16 sq. —And transf. to other things, excellent, preeminent, preferable:

logi,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 66.—Hence, Attĭcē, adv., in the Attic or Athenian manner:

dicere,

Cic. Brut. 84; 290; id. Opt. Gen. 3, 8; 4, 11; Quint. 12, 10, 18:

loqui,

id. 8, 1, 2:

pressi oratores,

id. 12, 10, 18.—

A surname of T. Pomponius, the intimate friend of Cicero, given to him on account of his long residence at Athens. His biography is found in Nepos.—

A friend of Ovid, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 2; id. P. 2, 4, 2. —

Antonius Atticus, a Latin rhetorician, Sen. Suas. 2, p. 19 Bip.—

Vipsanius Atticus, Sen. Contr. 2, 13, p. 184 Bip.

Attĭcus, a, um, adj., = Attikos.

In gen., of or pertaining to Attica or Athens, Attic, Athenian:

Athenae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 2; id. Rud. 3, 4, 36 al.:

civis Attica atque libera,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 159:

civis Attica,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 16:

disciplina,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 24:

fines,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 6:

regio,

Plin. 10, 12, 15, § 33:

thymum,

id. 21, 10, 31, § 57:

mel,

of Mount Hymettus, id. ib.:

apis,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 30:

sal,

Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 87:

columnae,

formed in the Attic manner, id. 36, 23, 56, § 179 (cf. atticurges):

ochra,

id. 37, 10, 66, § 179 (cf. 2. Attice):

paelex,

i. e. Philomela, Mart. 10, 51; cf. Ov. M. 6, 537: fides, i. e. sincere, firm, prov., Vell. 2, 23, 4:

profluvius, a disease of animals,

the glanders, Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 17 and 38.— Attĭci, ōrum, m., the Athenians, Phaedr. 1, 2, 6.—

Esp.

Appel., to designate the highest grade of style, philosophy, eloquence, etc., Cic. Opt. Gen. 3, 7 sqq.; cf. id. Brut. 82, 284 sqq.:

Demosthenes, quo ne Athenas quidem ipsas magis credo fuisse Atticas,

id. Or. 7, 23:

lepos,

Mart. 3, 20.—Hence, subst.: Attici, orators of the Attic stamp (opp. Asiani): et antiqua quidem illa divisio inter Atticos atque Asianos fuit: cum hi pressi et integri, contra inflati illi et inanes haberentur;

in his nihil superflueret, illis judicium maxime ac modus deesset, etc.,

Quint. 12, 10, 16 sq. —And transf. to other things, excellent, preeminent, preferable:

logi,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 66.—Hence, Attĭcē, adv., in the Attic or Athenian manner:

dicere,

Cic. Brut. 84; 290; id. Opt. Gen. 3, 8; 4, 11; Quint. 12, 10, 18:

loqui,

id. 8, 1, 2:

pressi oratores,

id. 12, 10, 18.—

A surname of T. Pomponius, the intimate friend of Cicero, given to him on account of his long residence at Athens. His biography is found in Nepos.—

A friend of Ovid, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 2; id. P. 2, 4, 2. —

Antonius Atticus, a Latin rhetorician, Sen. Suas. 2, p. 19 Bip.—

Vipsanius Atticus, Sen. Contr. 2, 13, p. 184 Bip.