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  • 1 nihilō-minus (nīlō-) or nihilō minus

        nihilō-minus (nīlō-) or nihilō minus adv.,    none the less, just as much: amicus, T.—No less, nevertheless: minus dolendum fuit, sed poeniendum certe nihilo minus: nilo minus ego hoc faciam tamen, yet none the less, T.: nihilo minus tamen agi posse, etc., Cs.

    Latin-English dictionary > nihilō-minus (nīlō-) or nihilō minus

  • 2 nihil

    nĭhil, or (ante-class. and post-Aug.) contr. nīl, n. indecl.; and nĭhĭlum, or contr. nīlum, i, n. [ne-hilum, not the least; v. hilum].
    I.
    nĭhil, nothing:

    nihil est agriculturā melius, nihil uberius,

    Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

    de re publicā nihil loquebantur,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—
    (β).
    Nihil agere, to accomplish nothing:

    nil agis,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 134:

    nihil agis dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

    nihil ergo agebat Q. Maximus? nihil L. Paulus? ceteri senes nihil agebant?

    id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Hor. S. 1, 9, 15; Luc. 7, 809; Vell. 2, 66, 3.—In like manner, nihil per aliquem (sc. agere):

    nihil per Senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6; Tac. Agr. 19.—
    (γ).
    Of persons:

    victor, quo nihil erat moderatius,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

    ita tibi persuadeas, mihi te carius nihil fuisse,

    id. ib. 14, 3, 5:

    nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

    id. Part. 17, 57; Tac. H. 1, 79; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1.—
    (δ).
    Nihil, nec.. nec (without destroying the negation):

    nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo, nec obscurare dicendo,

    Cic. Clu. 1, 1; v. neque.—
    (ε).
    Nihil non, everything:

    nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

    Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

    nihil non arroget armis,

    Hor. A. P. 122; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Non nihil and haud nihil, something, somewhat:

    non nihil, ut in tantis malis, est profectum,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 2:

    non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 2:

    haud nihil,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13:

    haud nihil ambigam,

    I may be somewhat in doubt, Liv. 1, 3.—
    (η).
    Nihil quidquam or nihil unum, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

    nil ego tibi hodie consili quicquam dabo,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 113:

    sine studio nihil quidquam egregium nemo umquam assequetur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

    Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

    Liv. 41, 20, 7:

    si nihil aliud,

    if there were nothing else, id. 3, 19, 7; 30, 35, 8.—
    (θ).
    With gen.:

    nihil mali,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    nihil novi,

    id. Fam. 2, 14, 1:

    nihil humanarum rerum,

    id. Red. Quir. 5, 1:

    nihil est lucri quod me hodie facere mavelim, quam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 18.—Adjectives also, of the second declension as well as of the third, are not unfrequently joined to nihil in the same case, as nihil honestum, lautum, forte, illustre:

    nihil exspectatione vestrā dignum dico,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137.—
    (ι).
    Nihil, or mhil aliud, with nisi, quam, praeter, praeterquam, etc., nothing else than, nothing except, nothing but:

    tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

    amare nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

    si nihil aliud fecerunt, nisi rem detulerunt, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108:

    ut nihil aliud, quam de hoste cogitet,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    nihil tibi deest praeter voluntatem,

    nothing except, id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

    puto te existimare, me ex his miseriis nihil aliud quaerere, nisi ut homines intellegant, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 16:

    qui nihil praeterquam de vitā cogitarent, Auct. B. Alex. 8.—Sometimes, in this connection, elliptically: Herdonius, si nihil aliud, hostem se fatendo prope denuntiavit, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 19, 6:

    si nihil aliud, vulneribus certe ferrum hostile hebetarent,

    id. 30, 35, 8:

    illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilatum est in urbe,

    id. 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 83.—Hence, as adv.: nihil aliud quam, only:

    nihil aliud quam prendere prohibito,

    Liv. 2, 29, 4:

    is intromissus in castra nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur,

    id. 2, 32, 8:

    nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit,

    id. 2, 49, 9 al. —
    (κ).
    Nihil... quin or quominus, nothing whereby: nihil praetermisi... quin Pompeium a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem, I have omitted nothing that might separate, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 23:

    nihil moror, quominus decemviratu abeam,

    Liv. 3, 54:

    nihil facere oportet, quominus excedat, etc.,

    Cels. 3, 27, 4.—
    (λ).
    Nihil est quod, cur, quamobrem, etc., there is no reason why I ( you, etc.) need not:

    nihil est jam, quod tu mihi succenseas,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 46:

    nihil est, quod adventum nostrum extimescas,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 4:

    sed ego nunc nil est, cur me morer,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 102:

    nihil est, cur advenientibus te offerre gestias,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1:

    nihil excogitem, quamobrem Oppianico damnari necesse sit?

    id. Clu. 26, 70.—
    (μ).
    Nihil est, ut, there is nothing that:

    nihil fuit in Catulis, ut eos exquisito judicio putares uti litterarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—
    (ν).
    Nihil est, it is of no use, to no purpose, in vain:

    at ego ab hac puerum reposcam, ne mox infitias eat. Nihil est. Nam ipsa haec ultro, ut factum est, fecit omnem rem palam,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76: at nihil est, ignotum ad illum mittere: operam luseris. id. Capt. 2, 2, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 6.—In a question:

    usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum hausit Aventini?

    Juv. 3, 84.—
    (ο).
    Nihil ad me (sc. pertinet):

    recte an secus, nihil ad nos: aut si ad nos, nihil ad hoc tempus,

    Cic. Pis. 28, 68; cf. Ter. And. 1, 2, 16; also, nihil ad, nothing to, nothing in comparison with:

    nihil ad Persium,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

    nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar, sed ex eis, quos habuit, electos,

    id. Deiot. 8, 24.—
    (π).
    Nihil minus, nothing less so, i. e. by no means, not at all:

    cadit ergo in virum bonum mentiri, fallere? nihil minus,

    Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81:

    an Gallos existimatis hic versari animo demisso atque humili? nihil vero minus,

    id. Font. 11, 23.—
    (ρ).
    Nihil dum, nothing as yet:

    quamquam nihil dum audieramus, nec ubi esses, nec, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2; id. Att. 7, 12, 4.—
    (σ).
    Nihil mihi cum illo est, I have nothing to do with him:

    tecum nihil rei nobis Demipho est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74; Ov. F 2, 308.—
    (τ).
    Nihil esse, to be nothing or nobody, to have no power, to be of no use, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47; id. Fam. 7, 27, 2; 7, 33, 1; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14:

    aliquem nihil putare,

    to esteem meanly, Cic. Sest. 53, 114 (B. and K. nihili):

    accepimus eum nihil hominis esse,

    a worthless fellow, id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77; but de Attio Dionysio nihil puto esse, nothing about him, i. e. no news of him, id. Fam. 12, 30, 5.—
    (υ).
    Aut nihil aut paulum, little or nothing (Gr. oligon ê ouden):

    aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna,

    Cat. 68, 131.—
    B.
    Adverb.
    1.
    Not (as a strengthened non), in nothing, in no respect, not at all:

    me nihil poenitet,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 63; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16:

    conjecturā nihil opus est,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 107; Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    beneficio isto legis nihil utitur,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61:

    de fratre nihil ego te accusavi,

    id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

    Thebani nihil moti sunt,

    Liv. 42, 46; 3, 65; 6, 38; 49; Sall. C. 16, 5:

    nihil miror,

    Quint. 2, 17, 15; 6, 1, 38.—
    2.
    To no purpose, in vain:

    herele hanc quidem Nihil tu amassis: mihi haec desponsa est,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 16.—
    3.
    For no reason: quorsum tandem aut cur ista quaeris? M Nihil sane, nisi ne nimis diligenter anquiras, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4. —
    II.
    nĭhĭlum, i (contr. form nīlum, Lucr. 1, 159; Hor. S. 1, 5, 67), n., nothing:

    erit aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum subito occidat,

    Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

    ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

    id. Fat. 9, 18:

    interire in nihilum,

    id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

    venire ad nihilum,

    id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

    ad nihilum recidere,

    id. Phil. 7, 8, 27: quam mihi ista pro nihilol id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

    aliquid pro nihilo putare,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40.—
    (β).
    Nihili, of no value, worthless:

    quem putamus esse non hili, dicimus nihili,

    Varr. L. L. 10, § 81 Müll.; cf.: nihili, qui nec hili quidem est. Paul. ex Fest. p. 175 Müll.:

    unde is nihili? ubi fuisti?

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 29: nihili est autem suum Qui officium facere immemor est. id. Ps. 4, 7, 2:

    homo nihili factus,

    unmanned, id. Mil. 5, 16.—Hence, nihili pendere or facere, to esteem as nothing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 14.—
    (γ).
    De nihilo, for nothing, without cause or reason, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17:

    mali rem exempli esse, de nihilo hospites corripi,

    Liv. 34, 61; 30, 29.—
    (δ).
    Nihilo, with compp., by nothing, no: nihilo pluris, quam si, etc., no more than if, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 21:

    nihilo minus,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 49:

    Phaedriae esse nilo minus amicum quam Antiphoni,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 7 (but minus nihilo, less than nothing, id. ib. 3, 3, 2):

    nihilo benevolentior,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

    nihilo major,

    id. ib. 6, 3, 4:

    nihilo tamen setius,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 4 and 7:

    nihil segnius,

    Liv. 6, 38.—Esp. as adv.: nĭhĭlō mĭnus, or, in one word, nĭhĭlōmĭnus, none the less, no less, nevertheless, notwith standing.
    1.
    In gen.:

    minus dolendum fuit re non perfectā, sed puniendum certe nihilo minus,

    Cic. Mil. 7, 19; id. Phil. 5, 9, 26; Quint. 8, 3, 85.—
    2.
    With si, etsi, quamvis, quamquam, ut, etc.:

    in iis rebus, quae nihilo minus, ut ego absim, confici possunt,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2:

    nihilo minus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi ea quidam perverse abutuntur,

    id. Inv. 1, 4, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

    alia sunt, quae quamvis nolit accidere, nihilominus laudat,

    Sen. Ep. 66, 44:

    si nihil fiet, nihilominus, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 39, 2.—
    3.
    Strengthened by tamen:

    nihilominus ego hoc faciam tamen,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17.—
    (ε).
    Nihilo aliter, no otherwise:

    ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 45.—
    B.
    Transf., adverb., for non, not, by no means:

    nihilum metuenda timere,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 53. —
    III.
    nīl, nothing, no (rare and mostly poet.;

    in Cic. not at all): nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce durum,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31; id. C. 4, 4, 73:

    nil sanguinis,

    no drop of blood, Ov. M. 13, 266:

    nil sui,

    nothing proper, id. ib. 3, 435; Vulg. Prov. 10, 2 (in Caes. B. G. 5, 29, the true reading is nihil):

    hoc ridere meum, tam nil, nulla tibi vendo Iliade,

    such a trifle, Pers. 1, 122.—
    B.
    Transf. as adv., not at all, by no means:

    nil opus est verbis,

    Lucr. 5, 263:

    ut nil umor abundet,

    id. 5, 265; 1, 266:

    nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit,

    Hor. C. 1, 14, 14.—
    IV.
    nīlum, abl. nīlo, nothing (Lucretian):

    ad nilum revorti,

    Lucr. 1, 237; so id. 1, 673; 791; 797; 2, 756;

    864: nil igitur fieri de nilo posse,

    id. 1, 205; 266.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nihil

  • 3 nihilo minus

    nĭhil, or (ante-class. and post-Aug.) contr. nīl, n. indecl.; and nĭhĭlum, or contr. nīlum, i, n. [ne-hilum, not the least; v. hilum].
    I.
    nĭhil, nothing:

    nihil est agriculturā melius, nihil uberius,

    Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

    de re publicā nihil loquebantur,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—
    (β).
    Nihil agere, to accomplish nothing:

    nil agis,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 134:

    nihil agis dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

    nihil ergo agebat Q. Maximus? nihil L. Paulus? ceteri senes nihil agebant?

    id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Hor. S. 1, 9, 15; Luc. 7, 809; Vell. 2, 66, 3.—In like manner, nihil per aliquem (sc. agere):

    nihil per Senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6; Tac. Agr. 19.—
    (γ).
    Of persons:

    victor, quo nihil erat moderatius,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

    ita tibi persuadeas, mihi te carius nihil fuisse,

    id. ib. 14, 3, 5:

    nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

    id. Part. 17, 57; Tac. H. 1, 79; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1.—
    (δ).
    Nihil, nec.. nec (without destroying the negation):

    nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo, nec obscurare dicendo,

    Cic. Clu. 1, 1; v. neque.—
    (ε).
    Nihil non, everything:

    nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

    Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

    nihil non arroget armis,

    Hor. A. P. 122; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Non nihil and haud nihil, something, somewhat:

    non nihil, ut in tantis malis, est profectum,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 2:

    non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 2:

    haud nihil,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13:

    haud nihil ambigam,

    I may be somewhat in doubt, Liv. 1, 3.—
    (η).
    Nihil quidquam or nihil unum, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

    nil ego tibi hodie consili quicquam dabo,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 113:

    sine studio nihil quidquam egregium nemo umquam assequetur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

    Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

    Liv. 41, 20, 7:

    si nihil aliud,

    if there were nothing else, id. 3, 19, 7; 30, 35, 8.—
    (θ).
    With gen.:

    nihil mali,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    nihil novi,

    id. Fam. 2, 14, 1:

    nihil humanarum rerum,

    id. Red. Quir. 5, 1:

    nihil est lucri quod me hodie facere mavelim, quam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 18.—Adjectives also, of the second declension as well as of the third, are not unfrequently joined to nihil in the same case, as nihil honestum, lautum, forte, illustre:

    nihil exspectatione vestrā dignum dico,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137.—
    (ι).
    Nihil, or mhil aliud, with nisi, quam, praeter, praeterquam, etc., nothing else than, nothing except, nothing but:

    tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

    amare nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

    si nihil aliud fecerunt, nisi rem detulerunt, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108:

    ut nihil aliud, quam de hoste cogitet,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    nihil tibi deest praeter voluntatem,

    nothing except, id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

    puto te existimare, me ex his miseriis nihil aliud quaerere, nisi ut homines intellegant, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 16:

    qui nihil praeterquam de vitā cogitarent, Auct. B. Alex. 8.—Sometimes, in this connection, elliptically: Herdonius, si nihil aliud, hostem se fatendo prope denuntiavit, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 19, 6:

    si nihil aliud, vulneribus certe ferrum hostile hebetarent,

    id. 30, 35, 8:

    illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilatum est in urbe,

    id. 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 83.—Hence, as adv.: nihil aliud quam, only:

    nihil aliud quam prendere prohibito,

    Liv. 2, 29, 4:

    is intromissus in castra nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur,

    id. 2, 32, 8:

    nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit,

    id. 2, 49, 9 al. —
    (κ).
    Nihil... quin or quominus, nothing whereby: nihil praetermisi... quin Pompeium a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem, I have omitted nothing that might separate, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 23:

    nihil moror, quominus decemviratu abeam,

    Liv. 3, 54:

    nihil facere oportet, quominus excedat, etc.,

    Cels. 3, 27, 4.—
    (λ).
    Nihil est quod, cur, quamobrem, etc., there is no reason why I ( you, etc.) need not:

    nihil est jam, quod tu mihi succenseas,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 46:

    nihil est, quod adventum nostrum extimescas,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 4:

    sed ego nunc nil est, cur me morer,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 102:

    nihil est, cur advenientibus te offerre gestias,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1:

    nihil excogitem, quamobrem Oppianico damnari necesse sit?

    id. Clu. 26, 70.—
    (μ).
    Nihil est, ut, there is nothing that:

    nihil fuit in Catulis, ut eos exquisito judicio putares uti litterarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—
    (ν).
    Nihil est, it is of no use, to no purpose, in vain:

    at ego ab hac puerum reposcam, ne mox infitias eat. Nihil est. Nam ipsa haec ultro, ut factum est, fecit omnem rem palam,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76: at nihil est, ignotum ad illum mittere: operam luseris. id. Capt. 2, 2, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 6.—In a question:

    usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum hausit Aventini?

    Juv. 3, 84.—
    (ο).
    Nihil ad me (sc. pertinet):

    recte an secus, nihil ad nos: aut si ad nos, nihil ad hoc tempus,

    Cic. Pis. 28, 68; cf. Ter. And. 1, 2, 16; also, nihil ad, nothing to, nothing in comparison with:

    nihil ad Persium,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

    nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar, sed ex eis, quos habuit, electos,

    id. Deiot. 8, 24.—
    (π).
    Nihil minus, nothing less so, i. e. by no means, not at all:

    cadit ergo in virum bonum mentiri, fallere? nihil minus,

    Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81:

    an Gallos existimatis hic versari animo demisso atque humili? nihil vero minus,

    id. Font. 11, 23.—
    (ρ).
    Nihil dum, nothing as yet:

    quamquam nihil dum audieramus, nec ubi esses, nec, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2; id. Att. 7, 12, 4.—
    (σ).
    Nihil mihi cum illo est, I have nothing to do with him:

    tecum nihil rei nobis Demipho est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74; Ov. F 2, 308.—
    (τ).
    Nihil esse, to be nothing or nobody, to have no power, to be of no use, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47; id. Fam. 7, 27, 2; 7, 33, 1; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14:

    aliquem nihil putare,

    to esteem meanly, Cic. Sest. 53, 114 (B. and K. nihili):

    accepimus eum nihil hominis esse,

    a worthless fellow, id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77; but de Attio Dionysio nihil puto esse, nothing about him, i. e. no news of him, id. Fam. 12, 30, 5.—
    (υ).
    Aut nihil aut paulum, little or nothing (Gr. oligon ê ouden):

    aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna,

    Cat. 68, 131.—
    B.
    Adverb.
    1.
    Not (as a strengthened non), in nothing, in no respect, not at all:

    me nihil poenitet,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 63; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16:

    conjecturā nihil opus est,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 107; Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    beneficio isto legis nihil utitur,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61:

    de fratre nihil ego te accusavi,

    id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

    Thebani nihil moti sunt,

    Liv. 42, 46; 3, 65; 6, 38; 49; Sall. C. 16, 5:

    nihil miror,

    Quint. 2, 17, 15; 6, 1, 38.—
    2.
    To no purpose, in vain:

    herele hanc quidem Nihil tu amassis: mihi haec desponsa est,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 16.—
    3.
    For no reason: quorsum tandem aut cur ista quaeris? M Nihil sane, nisi ne nimis diligenter anquiras, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4. —
    II.
    nĭhĭlum, i (contr. form nīlum, Lucr. 1, 159; Hor. S. 1, 5, 67), n., nothing:

    erit aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum subito occidat,

    Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

    ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

    id. Fat. 9, 18:

    interire in nihilum,

    id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

    venire ad nihilum,

    id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

    ad nihilum recidere,

    id. Phil. 7, 8, 27: quam mihi ista pro nihilol id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

    aliquid pro nihilo putare,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40.—
    (β).
    Nihili, of no value, worthless:

    quem putamus esse non hili, dicimus nihili,

    Varr. L. L. 10, § 81 Müll.; cf.: nihili, qui nec hili quidem est. Paul. ex Fest. p. 175 Müll.:

    unde is nihili? ubi fuisti?

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 29: nihili est autem suum Qui officium facere immemor est. id. Ps. 4, 7, 2:

    homo nihili factus,

    unmanned, id. Mil. 5, 16.—Hence, nihili pendere or facere, to esteem as nothing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 14.—
    (γ).
    De nihilo, for nothing, without cause or reason, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17:

    mali rem exempli esse, de nihilo hospites corripi,

    Liv. 34, 61; 30, 29.—
    (δ).
    Nihilo, with compp., by nothing, no: nihilo pluris, quam si, etc., no more than if, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 21:

    nihilo minus,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 49:

    Phaedriae esse nilo minus amicum quam Antiphoni,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 7 (but minus nihilo, less than nothing, id. ib. 3, 3, 2):

    nihilo benevolentior,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

    nihilo major,

    id. ib. 6, 3, 4:

    nihilo tamen setius,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 4 and 7:

    nihil segnius,

    Liv. 6, 38.—Esp. as adv.: nĭhĭlō mĭnus, or, in one word, nĭhĭlōmĭnus, none the less, no less, nevertheless, notwith standing.
    1.
    In gen.:

    minus dolendum fuit re non perfectā, sed puniendum certe nihilo minus,

    Cic. Mil. 7, 19; id. Phil. 5, 9, 26; Quint. 8, 3, 85.—
    2.
    With si, etsi, quamvis, quamquam, ut, etc.:

    in iis rebus, quae nihilo minus, ut ego absim, confici possunt,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2:

    nihilo minus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi ea quidam perverse abutuntur,

    id. Inv. 1, 4, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

    alia sunt, quae quamvis nolit accidere, nihilominus laudat,

    Sen. Ep. 66, 44:

    si nihil fiet, nihilominus, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 39, 2.—
    3.
    Strengthened by tamen:

    nihilominus ego hoc faciam tamen,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17.—
    (ε).
    Nihilo aliter, no otherwise:

    ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 45.—
    B.
    Transf., adverb., for non, not, by no means:

    nihilum metuenda timere,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 53. —
    III.
    nīl, nothing, no (rare and mostly poet.;

    in Cic. not at all): nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce durum,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31; id. C. 4, 4, 73:

    nil sanguinis,

    no drop of blood, Ov. M. 13, 266:

    nil sui,

    nothing proper, id. ib. 3, 435; Vulg. Prov. 10, 2 (in Caes. B. G. 5, 29, the true reading is nihil):

    hoc ridere meum, tam nil, nulla tibi vendo Iliade,

    such a trifle, Pers. 1, 122.—
    B.
    Transf. as adv., not at all, by no means:

    nil opus est verbis,

    Lucr. 5, 263:

    ut nil umor abundet,

    id. 5, 265; 1, 266:

    nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit,

    Hor. C. 1, 14, 14.—
    IV.
    nīlum, abl. nīlo, nothing (Lucretian):

    ad nilum revorti,

    Lucr. 1, 237; so id. 1, 673; 791; 797; 2, 756;

    864: nil igitur fieri de nilo posse,

    id. 1, 205; 266.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nihilo minus

  • 4 secus

    1.
    sĕcus, n. indecl., v. sexus.
    2. I.
    Adj. [root seq- or secof sequor, q. v.], only comp. sĕquĭor, us, ōris, inferior, lower, worse (only post-class.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 37, 3):

    in sequiorem sexum,

    App. M. 7, p. 192, 7:

    sexus sequioris fetus,

    id. ib. 10, p. 249, 33;

    8, p. 206, 7: vitae sequioris,

    Dig. 2, 15, 8, § 11:

    fortuna sequior,

    Amm. 18, 6, 6.—
    II.
    Adv. (prop., following, later in rank or order, i. e. less than something mentioned before; hence, in gen.), otherwise, differently, not so; and esp. freq. with a negative (per litoten), not otherwise, i. e. even so, just so (opp. always to what is right, correct, or proper, not to what is wrong; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1056 sq.; for comp. forms, v. I. B. infra).
    A.
    Posit. (freq. and class.;

    syn. aliter): si illuc, quod volumus, eveniet, gaudebimus: Sin secus, patiemur animis aequis,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 25:

    si bonus est, obnoxius sum: sin secus est, faciam, uti jubes,

    id. Trin. 4, 3, 57:

    oratorum genera esse dicuntur tamquam poëtarum. Id secus est,

    Cic. Opt. Gen. 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 19, 32; cf. id. Att. 4, 17, 1:

    (ille est) quem dudum dixi. Hoc si secus reperies, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 92:

    videsne, quod paulo ante secus tibi videbatur,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26: magnum mehercule hominem, nemo dicet secus;

    sed, etc.,

    id. Brut. 85, 293:

    quod si ita esset... ad amicitiam esset aptissimus: quod longe secus est,

    id. Lael. 9, 29:

    omnia longe secus,

    id. Part. 5, 15:

    videtote, quanto secus ego fecerim, Cato ap. Charis, p. 192 P.: nobis aliter videtur: recte secusne, postea,

    whether rightly or not, right or wrong, Cic. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

    recte an secus,

    id. Pis. 28, 68; cf.:

    honestis an secus amicis uteretur,

    Tac. A. 13, 6 fin.:

    pro bene aut secus consulto,

    for good or ill, Liv. 7, 6; cf.:

    prout bene ac (al. aut) secus cessit,

    Plin. Pan. 44, 8:

    prout opportune proprieque aut secus collocata sunt (verba),

    Quint. 10, 2, 13:

    (artes) utiles aut secus,

    id. 2, 20, 1 et saep.—
    (β).
    With quam or atque: secus aetatem agerem, quam illi egissent, Cato ap. Charis, p. 195 P.; Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 91:

    ne quid fiat secus quam volumus quamque oportet,

    Cic. Att. 6, 2, 2:

    eadem sunt membra in utriusque disputatione, sed paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

    id. de Or. 3, 30, 119.—
    b.
    Non (nec) secus or haud secus (the latter not in Cic.), not otherwise, i. e. even so, just so:

    educavit (eam) magna industria, Quasi si esset ex se nata, non multo secus,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 46; cf.:

    fit obviam Clodio hora fere undecima aut non multo secus,

    Cic. Mil. 10, 29:

    quod non multo secus fieret,

    id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

    bibitur, estur, quasi in popinā, haud secus,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 13:

    ita jam quasi canes, haud secus, circumstabant navem,

    id. Trin. 4, 1, 16:

    veluti qui anguem pressit, etc....Haud secus Androgeos visu tremefactus abibat,

    Verg. A. 2, 382:

    aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, non secus in bonis,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 2:

    qualis in arvis movet arma leo,...Haud secus gliscit violentia Turno,

    Verg. A. 12, 9:

    nec secus apud principem ad mortem aguntur,

    Tac. A. 6, 10 et saep.— With gen.:

    alaeque et auxilia cohortium neque multo secus in iis virium,

    Tac. A. 4, 5 fin. —In negative questions:

    dedistine ei gladium, qui se occideret?...Quid secus est aut quid interest, dare te argentum, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 93.—
    (β).
    With ac or quam (the latter not in Cic.: non secus ac = non aliter ac; but: non secus quam = non minus quam, Zumpt ad Cic. Mur. 4, 10; cf.

    infra): numquam secus Habui illam, ac si ex me esset nata,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 3, 5:

    itaque illud quod dixi, non dixi secus ac sentiebam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 24; so,

    non secus ac,

    id. Mur. 4, 10; id. Planc. 1, 3; id. Fam. 3, 5, 4; Hor. A. P. 149; Ov. M. 15, 180 al.:

    haud secus ac,

    Sall. J. 79, 6; Verg. A. 3, 236 al.:

    accepit ad sese, haud secus quam si ex se simus natae,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 79; so,

    haud secus quam,

    Liv. 5, 36; 5, 41; 8, 8; 8, 9 et saep.; Ov. M. 12, 102 al.; Curt. 3, 2, 1; 8, 1, 21; 8, 11, 17:

    non secus quam,

    Ov. M. 2, 727; 12, 480:

    nec secus quam,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 26; id. Capt. 2, 2, 23; 2, 3, 68: ne [p. 1657] secus quam, Tac. A. 4, 8.—In the poets freq. non (haud) secus ac, for introducing a comparison:

    non secus ac patriis acer Roma-nus in armis, etc.,

    Verg. G. 3, 346:

    non secus ac,

    id. A. 8, 243; 10, 272; 12, 856; Ov. M. 8, 162:

    non secus atque,

    Verg. A. 8, 391:

    haud secus atque,

    id. ib. 11, 456; Ov. M. 9, 40; cf. also without ac:

    non secus in jugis stupet Evias,

    Hor. C. 3, 25, 8.—
    2.
    Pregn., otherwise than as it should be, or, than is wished, i. e. not well, ill, badly (rare but class.):

    magna consolatio est, cum recordare, etiam si secus acciderit, te, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 2:

    ea ipsa...secus ab eo in me ipsum facta esse,

    id. Att. 9, 9, 1:

    cum in alterā re causa nihil esset quin secus judicaret ipse de se,

    id. Quint. 9, 32:

    cadere,

    Tac. A. 2, 80; 6, 22: prius omnia pati decrevit;

    quam bellum sumere, quia temptatum antea secus cesserat,

    Sall. J. 20, 5:

    quod ubi secus procedit,

    id. ib. 25, 10:

    Quintus frater purgat se multum per litteras et affirmat nihil a se cuiquam de te secus esse dictum,

    Cic. Att. 1, 19, 11:

    loqui de aliquo (just before, irreligiose),

    Tac. A. 2, 50:

    scribere de aliquo,

    Liv. 8, 33, 15:

    existimare de aliquo,

    Cic. Clu. 44, 124; id. Fam. 3, 6, 6.—
    B.
    Comp. in four forms, which are often confused in MSS. and edd.; sĕquĭus, but with negatives or quo, eo, nihilo, etc., usu. sētĭus, less correctly sē-cĭus; also (ante-class.) sectĭus, Plaut. ap. Gell. 18, 94; id. Trin. 1, 2, 93 Ritschl (v. on the authorities for these forms, Neue, Formenl. 2, 691 sq.): nisi inpediret ingeni inbecillitas Metusque me, quo setius me colligam, so that I cannot (syn.:

    quo minus), Afran. ap. Charis, p. 195 (Com. Rel. v. 291 Rib.): impedimento est, quo setius lex feratur,

    Auct. Her. 1, 12, 21:

    quoniam in eo consistit, melius an sequius terrae mandaverit pater familias pecuniam,

    Col. 3, 4, 3:

    invitus, quod sequius sit, de meis civibus loquor,

    Liv. 2, 37, 3.—
    b.
    Non (haud) setius:

    instat non setius ac rotat ensem,

    none the less, just as much, Verg. A. 9, 441; so,

    non setius,

    id. G. 3, 367:

    nec setius,

    id. ib. 2, 277:

    haud setius,

    id. A. 7, 781:

    si servus meus esses, nihilo setius Mihi obsequiosus semper fuisti,

    no less, just as, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 57:

    nihilo setius,

    nevertheless, Ter. And. 3, 2, 27; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 49; so,

    nihilo setius,

    id. ib. 4, 17; id. B. C. 3, 26; Suet. Vesp. 6; Nep. Con. 2, 4; cf.:

    nihilo tamen setius,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 5, 7:

    tamen nihilo setius,

    Nep. Att. 22, 3:

    nec hōc setius,

    Lucr. 6, 315:

    nec eo setius,

    Suet. Caes. 8; id. Ner. 24; 42; id. Vit. 10; id. Dom. 12; id. Gram. 20; Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    nec tamen eo setius,

    Suet. Dom. 2.—
    (β).
    With quam:

    haec nihilo mihi esse videntur sectius quam somnia,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 57.—In negative questions:

    quid fecimus? quid diximus tibi sequius quam velles?

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 22.—
    2.
    Pregn. (v. supra, I. A. 2.), ill, badly:

    sed memet moror, cum hoc ago setius,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 24: sin, id quod non spero, ratio talis sequius ceciderit, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P. (Com. Rel. p. 291 Rib.):

    vereor ne homines de me sequius loquantur,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 42, 2.—
    III.
    Prep. with acc. (anteclass. and late Lat.), by, beside, along, on:

    id quod vulgus usurpat Secus illum sedi, hoc est secundum illum, et novum et sordidum est,

    Charis. p. 61 P.:

    dextra sinistra foramina utrimque secus laminas,

    Cato, R. R. 21, 2: ut quae secus mare essent locis regnaret, Enn. ap. Lact. 1, 11, 34:

    SECVS VIAM,

    Inscr. Orell. 3688 (but in Quint. 8, 2, 20; Plin. 24, 15, 85, § 135, the best MSS. have secundum):

    SECVS CONIVGEM,

    Inscr. Grut. 806, 5:

    secus viam,

    Vulg. Tob. 11, 5:

    secus mare,

    id. Matt. 13, 1 et saep.—
    B.
    Transf., according to, in proportion to:

    SECVS MERITA EIVS,

    Inscr. Orell. 7170.—
    3.
    Affixed to a pron., = side: altrinsecus, on the other side: utrinsecus, on both sides: circumsecus, on all sides, round about.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secus

  • 5 setius

    less, worse

    nihilo setius -- none the less, nevertheless

    Latin-English dictionary > setius

  • 6 nihilominus

    never/none the less, notwithstanding, just the same; likewise, as well

    Latin-English dictionary > nihilominus

  • 7 sēcius

        sēcius adv.    comp., see setius.
    * * *
    otherwise, none the less

    Latin-English dictionary > sēcius

  • 8 segnis

    segnis, e, adj. [commonly referred to sequor, that follows after, creeps after], slow, tardy, slack, dilatory, lingering, sluggish, inactive, unenergetic, lazy (in posit. not freq. till after the Aug. per., esp. in the histt.; in Cic. only comp., except in a passage from Non.; in Caes. only once in comp.; syn.:

    deses, ignavus, desidiosus, piger): (servi) quia tardius irent Propter onus segnes,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 102; cf.:

    tardum et segne,

    Quint. 9, 4, 83: animus (opp. mobilis), Trogas ap. Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 275:

    puer segnis et jacens,

    Quint. 1, 3, 2:

    segnis inersque vocer,

    Tib. 1, 1, 58: segniores castigat atque incitat, * Caes. B. C. 1, 3; cf.:

    laudando promptos et castigando segnes,

    Tac. Agr. 21:

    segnes et pavidos,

    id. A. 16, 25:

    multa quae segnibus ardua videantur,

    id. ib. 15, 59:

    segnior esse,

    Cic. Att. 8, 11, B fin.:

    bonus segnior fit ubi neglegas,

    Sall. J. 31, 28:

    ne segniores viris feminas habere viderentur,

    Just. 2, 4, 27:

    equus aut morbo gravis aut segnior annis,

    Verg. G. 3, 95 et saep.: in quo tua me provocavit oratio, mea consecuta est segnis (segnius?), Cic. ap. Non. 33, 23:

    obsidio,

    Liv. 5, 46; 10, 10: [p. 1662] bellum, id. 10, 12:

    pugna,

    id. 10, 36:

    navigatio,

    id. 30, 10:

    militia,

    id. 26, 21:

    mora,

    id. 25, 8 fin.; 34, 9; Ov. M. 3, 563:

    voluptas,

    id. R. Am. 404:

    otium,

    Tac. A. 14, 39 fin.; id. H. 4, 70:

    ingenium,

    id. A. 12, 26:

    imperium,

    Liv. 25, 14:

    pes (in the race),

    Hor. C. 3, 12, 9:

    Arar,

    slowly-flowing, sluggish, Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 33; cf.

    aquae,

    Curt. 8, 9, 18: stellae ( Ursa Major and Minor and Boötes), Val. Fl. 1, 484:

    campus,

    i. e. unfruitful, Verg. G. 1, 72; cf.

    arvum,

    id. ib. 1, 151; Luc. 9, 438:

    metus,

    id. 4, 700:

    sopor,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 690:

    alter (terror) diutinus, sed segnior,

    slower, more lingering, Liv. 35, 40, 7:

    segnior mors (per venenum),

    id. 40, 4 fin. — Sup., App. Mag. p. 310, 21.—With a neg.:

    non segnior discordia,

    Liv. 2, 43; cf.:

    nec Sagunti oppugnatio segnior erat,

    id. 21, 12:

    haud illo segnior ibat Aeneas,

    Verg. A. 4, 149; 7, 383; 8, 414.—
    (β).
    Ad aliquid, less freq. in aliquā re, in aliquam rem:

    segniores posthac ad imperandum ceteri sint,

    Cic. Font. 7, 17 (3, 7); so in comp.:

    ad respondendum,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 34:

    ad persequendum,

    Nep. Thras. 2, 2:

    ad laetitiam,

    Ov. P. 3, 4, 50; 4, 8, 75:

    ad credendum,

    Liv. 24, 13 fin.:

    ad alia facta,

    id. 44, 12:

    gnarus gentem segnem ad pericula,

    Tac. A. 14, 23:

    senatu segniore in exsequendis conatibus,

    Suet. Claud. 10:

    non in Venerem segnes nocturnaque bella,

    Verg. A. 11, 736; Maxim. Eleg. 5, 50. —
    (γ).
    With gen. (in Tac.):

    occasionum haud segnis,

    Tac. A. 16, 14:

    laeti praedā et aliorum segnes,

    id. ib. 14, 33.—
    (δ).
    With inf. ( poet.):

    segnes nodum solvere Gratiae,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 22; Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 19.—Hence, adv., slowly, sluggishly, slothfully, lazily.
    (α).
    segnĭter:

    segniter, otiose, neglegenter, contumaciter omnia agere,

    Liv. 2, 58; so id. 25, 35; 29, 19; 40, 40; Vell. 2, 69, 2; 2, 87, 1; Tac. A. 11, 26; id. H. 2, 71; Stat. S. 1, 4, 106 al.—
    (β).
    segnē:

    haud segne id ipsum tempus consumpserat,

    Liv. 38, 22:

    nihil agendum segne ratus,

    Amm. 21, 10.—
    b.
    Comp.: segnius atque timidius pro re publicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 P.:

    segnius socordiusque oppugnare,

    Liv. 40, 27; 30, 21; Tac. A. 11, 15; 13, 29; id. H. 3, 40; Hor. A. P. 180 al.—Esp. freq. with the negg. non, haud, nihilo segnius (for which, in the MSS., sequius or secius is freq. interchanged), none the slower, not the less actively, earnestly, or zealously, with the same activity or earnestness, with undiminished zeal:

    non ideo tamen segnius precor,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 10; so,

    non segnius,

    Plin. 28, 7, 23, § 77:

    haud segnius,

    Ov. M. 11, 534; Luc. 6, 286:

    nec segnius,

    Liv. 40, 40:

    neque segnius,

    Tac. A. 6, 13:

    neque eo segnius,

    Suet. Ner. 20:

    oppidani nihilo segnius bellum parare,

    Sall. J. 75, 10; so,

    nihilo segnius,

    Liv. 2, 47; 6, 38; 7, 18 fin.; 26, 12; 32, 22; 35, 8; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 5; Nep. Dat. 2, 4.—
    * c.
    Sup.:

    nautae torpedinis tactu segnissime torpuerunt,

    Cassiod. Var. 1, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > segnis

  • 9 Liber

    1.
    līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
    I.
    In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

    an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

    ad scribendi licentiam liber,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

    agri immunes ac liberi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

    integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

    unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

    liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

    not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

    libera lingua,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

    cor liberum,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

    vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6:

    libera verba animi proferre,

    Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

    aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

    id. Brut. 67, 236:

    libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

    id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

    liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

    Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

    mandata,

    full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

    fenus,

    unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

    v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

    the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

    locus,

    free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

    lectulus,

    i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

    vestis,

    id. ib. 3, 777:

    libera omnia sibi servare,

    to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

    hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

    est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

    liberiores litterae,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

    amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

    freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

    paulo liberior sententia,

    Quint. 4, 2, 121:

    liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

    id. 7, 2, 14:

    fusiores liberioresque numeri,

    id. 9, 4, 130:

    officia liberiora plenioraque,

    id. 6, 1, 9:

    (flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

    freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

    (Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

    freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

    liberiore frui caelo,

    freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

    liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

    the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

    liberrime Lolli,

    most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

    indignatio,

    id. Epod. 4, 10.—
    (β).
    Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

    Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

    (consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

    id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

    ab observando homine perverso liber,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

    id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

    ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

    id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

    id. Att. 15, 16, B:

    libera a ferro crura,

    Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

    animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

    Sall. C. 4.—
    (γ).
    With abl.:

    animus omni liber curā et angore,

    free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

    animus religione,

    Liv. 2, 36:

    animus cogitationibus aliis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 35:

    mens omnibus vitiis,

    id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

    liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

    id. 5, 11, 37:

    omni liber metu,

    Liv. 7, 34:

    liber invidia,

    Quint. 12, 11, 7:

    equus carcere,

    Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
    (δ).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    liber laborum,

    Hor. A. P. 212:

    fati gens Lydia,

    Verg. A. 10, 154:

    curarum,

    Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

    liberior campi,

    having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
    (ε).
    Liberum est, with subject-clause:

    quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

    it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

    dies eligere certos liberum erat,

    Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

    libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

    Tac. A. 3, 60.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

    also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

    dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

    id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

    quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

    in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

    si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

    id. Top. 2, 10:

    quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

    of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

    liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
    B.
    Free, in a political point of view;

    said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

    ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

    liber populus,

    id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

    (Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

    democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

    civitates liberae atque immunes,

    free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

    provinciae civitatesque liberae,

    Suet. Vesp. 8:

    libera ac foederata oppida,

    id. Calig. 3:

    Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

    Juv. 8, 244.—
    C.
    In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

    quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

    Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

    adulescens imprudens et liber,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

    sit adulescentia liberior,

    somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

    amores soluti et liberi,

    id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    consuetudo peccandi,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

    qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

    animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

    id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

    respirare,

    id. Quint. 11, 39:

    constanter et libere (me gessi),

    id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

    consilium dare,

    id. Lael. 13, 44:

    aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

    omnia libere fingimus et impune,

    Quint. 6, 1, 43:

    ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

    Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

    liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

    loqui,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

    fortius liberiusque defendere,

    Quint. 12, 1, 21:

    liberius si Dixero quid,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

    maledicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

    longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

    ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

    freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
    2.
    līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

    but also: liberorum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
    I.
    Sing. (post-class. and rare):

    si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

    Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
    II.
    Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
    A.
    Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    cum conjugibus et liberis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

    eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

    id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

    liberos procreare,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

    suscipere liberos,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

    per liberos te precor,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

    dulces,

    id. ib. 2, 40:

    parvuli,

    Quint. 2, 15, 8;

    opp. parentes,

    id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

    non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

    Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

    Gell. 1, 12, 8:

    uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

    liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

    Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

    liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

    ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

    habitus sis in liberum loco,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
    2.
    Esp.
    (α).
    Of sons (opp. daughters):

    procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

    Hyg. Fab. 9.—
    (β).
    Of children in gen. = pueri:

    praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., of animals, young:

    liberis orbas oves,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

    quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
    3.
    Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

    hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

    Liber et alma Ceres,

    Verg. G. 1, 7:

    ex aede Liberi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

    in a pun with 1. liber,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

    quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

    salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

    sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

    Romulus et Liber pater,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

    per vestigia Liberi patris,

    Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

    patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

    Col. 3, 21, 3:

    Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

    Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
    B.
    Meton., wine:

    illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

    Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

    Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

    sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

    Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

    condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

    id. S. 1, 4, 89.
    4.
    lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

    colligatae libris (arundines),

    Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

    udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

    Verg. G. 2, 77:

    natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

    id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

    quam denso fascia libro,

    Juv. 6, 263.—
    B.
    Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

    antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

    Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

    charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
    B.
    Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

    Demetrii liber de concordia,

    Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

    quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

    id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

    dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

    id. de Sen. 15, 54:

    libros pervolutare,

    id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

    evolvere,

    id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

    volvere,

    id. Brut. 87, 298:

    legere,

    id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

    edere,

    id. Fat. 1, 1:

    libri confectio,

    id. de Sen. 1, 1:

    tempus ad libros vacuum,

    id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    cujus (Platonis) in libris,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

    in Graecorum libris,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

    librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

    Juv. 3, 41:

    actorum libri,

    the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
    C.
    In partic.
    1.
    A division of a work a look:

    tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

    Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

    hi tres libri (de Officiis),

    id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

    sermo in novem libros distributus,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

    dictum est in libro superiore,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

    versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

    id. 6, 3, 86:

    liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

    id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

    in T. Livii primo,

    Quint. 9, 2, 37:

    in tertio de Oratore,

    id. 9, 1, 26:

    legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
    2.
    In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

    decemviris adire libros jussis,

    i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

    se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

    ut in libris est Etruscorum,

    id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

    caerimoniarum,

    rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
    D.
    A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
    E.
    A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
    F.
    A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

    liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Liber

  • 10 liber

    1.
    līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
    I.
    In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

    an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

    ad scribendi licentiam liber,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

    agri immunes ac liberi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

    integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

    unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

    liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

    not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

    libera lingua,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

    cor liberum,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

    vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6:

    libera verba animi proferre,

    Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

    aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

    id. Brut. 67, 236:

    libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

    id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

    liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

    Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

    mandata,

    full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

    fenus,

    unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

    v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

    the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

    locus,

    free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

    lectulus,

    i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

    vestis,

    id. ib. 3, 777:

    libera omnia sibi servare,

    to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

    hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

    est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

    liberiores litterae,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

    amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

    freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

    paulo liberior sententia,

    Quint. 4, 2, 121:

    liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

    id. 7, 2, 14:

    fusiores liberioresque numeri,

    id. 9, 4, 130:

    officia liberiora plenioraque,

    id. 6, 1, 9:

    (flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

    freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

    (Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

    freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

    liberiore frui caelo,

    freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

    liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

    the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

    liberrime Lolli,

    most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

    indignatio,

    id. Epod. 4, 10.—
    (β).
    Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

    Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

    (consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

    id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

    ab observando homine perverso liber,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

    id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

    ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

    id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

    id. Att. 15, 16, B:

    libera a ferro crura,

    Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

    animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

    Sall. C. 4.—
    (γ).
    With abl.:

    animus omni liber curā et angore,

    free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

    animus religione,

    Liv. 2, 36:

    animus cogitationibus aliis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 35:

    mens omnibus vitiis,

    id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

    liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

    id. 5, 11, 37:

    omni liber metu,

    Liv. 7, 34:

    liber invidia,

    Quint. 12, 11, 7:

    equus carcere,

    Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
    (δ).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    liber laborum,

    Hor. A. P. 212:

    fati gens Lydia,

    Verg. A. 10, 154:

    curarum,

    Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

    liberior campi,

    having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
    (ε).
    Liberum est, with subject-clause:

    quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

    it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

    dies eligere certos liberum erat,

    Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

    libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

    Tac. A. 3, 60.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

    also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

    dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

    id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

    quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

    in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

    si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

    id. Top. 2, 10:

    quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

    of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

    liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
    B.
    Free, in a political point of view;

    said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

    ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

    liber populus,

    id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

    (Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

    democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

    civitates liberae atque immunes,

    free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

    provinciae civitatesque liberae,

    Suet. Vesp. 8:

    libera ac foederata oppida,

    id. Calig. 3:

    Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

    Juv. 8, 244.—
    C.
    In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

    quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

    Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

    adulescens imprudens et liber,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

    sit adulescentia liberior,

    somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

    amores soluti et liberi,

    id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    consuetudo peccandi,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

    qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

    animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

    id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

    respirare,

    id. Quint. 11, 39:

    constanter et libere (me gessi),

    id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

    consilium dare,

    id. Lael. 13, 44:

    aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

    omnia libere fingimus et impune,

    Quint. 6, 1, 43:

    ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

    Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

    liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

    loqui,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

    fortius liberiusque defendere,

    Quint. 12, 1, 21:

    liberius si Dixero quid,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

    maledicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

    longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

    ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

    freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
    2.
    līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

    but also: liberorum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
    I.
    Sing. (post-class. and rare):

    si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

    Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
    II.
    Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
    A.
    Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    cum conjugibus et liberis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

    eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

    id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

    liberos procreare,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

    suscipere liberos,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

    per liberos te precor,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

    dulces,

    id. ib. 2, 40:

    parvuli,

    Quint. 2, 15, 8;

    opp. parentes,

    id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

    non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

    Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

    Gell. 1, 12, 8:

    uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

    liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

    Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

    liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

    ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

    habitus sis in liberum loco,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
    2.
    Esp.
    (α).
    Of sons (opp. daughters):

    procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

    Hyg. Fab. 9.—
    (β).
    Of children in gen. = pueri:

    praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., of animals, young:

    liberis orbas oves,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

    quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
    3.
    Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

    hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

    Liber et alma Ceres,

    Verg. G. 1, 7:

    ex aede Liberi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

    in a pun with 1. liber,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

    quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

    salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

    sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

    Romulus et Liber pater,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

    per vestigia Liberi patris,

    Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

    patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

    Col. 3, 21, 3:

    Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

    Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
    B.
    Meton., wine:

    illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

    Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

    Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

    sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

    Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

    condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

    id. S. 1, 4, 89.
    4.
    lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

    colligatae libris (arundines),

    Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

    udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

    Verg. G. 2, 77:

    natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

    id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

    quam denso fascia libro,

    Juv. 6, 263.—
    B.
    Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

    antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

    Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

    charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
    B.
    Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

    Demetrii liber de concordia,

    Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

    quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

    id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

    dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

    id. de Sen. 15, 54:

    libros pervolutare,

    id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

    evolvere,

    id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

    volvere,

    id. Brut. 87, 298:

    legere,

    id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

    edere,

    id. Fat. 1, 1:

    libri confectio,

    id. de Sen. 1, 1:

    tempus ad libros vacuum,

    id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    cujus (Platonis) in libris,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

    in Graecorum libris,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

    librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

    Juv. 3, 41:

    actorum libri,

    the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
    C.
    In partic.
    1.
    A division of a work a look:

    tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

    Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

    hi tres libri (de Officiis),

    id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

    sermo in novem libros distributus,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

    dictum est in libro superiore,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

    versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

    id. 6, 3, 86:

    liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

    id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

    in T. Livii primo,

    Quint. 9, 2, 37:

    in tertio de Oratore,

    id. 9, 1, 26:

    legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
    2.
    In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

    decemviris adire libros jussis,

    i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

    se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

    ut in libris est Etruscorum,

    id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

    caerimoniarum,

    rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
    D.
    A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
    E.
    A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
    F.
    A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

    liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > liber

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