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1 κόπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `strike, smite, hew, hammer, disable, tire out'Other forms: Aor. κόψαι (Il.), pass. κοπῆναι (Att.), perf. κέκοφα (Att.), ep. ptc. κεκοπώς (Ν 60 with v. l. - φώς and - πών; Aeol.? Schwyzer 772; after Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 397 rather themat. aor.), midd. κέκομμαι (A.), fut. κόψω (Alc., Hippon.),Derivatives: (Classif. not always clear): 1. κόπος prop. *`stroke' (so in E. Tr. 794 for trad. κτύπος?; cf. also A. Ch. 23), `pain, trouble, labour' (IA.); with κοπώδης `tiring' (Hp., Arist., hell.), κοπηρός `id.' (Hdn.); κοπόομαι, - όω `get tired, tire' (J., Plu. usw.) with κόπωσις (LXX), κοπάζω `get tired, leave off' (Ion. hell.) with κόπασμα (Tz.), κοπιάω ( ἐγ-, συγ-, προ-) `get tired' (IA.) with κοπιαρός `tiring' (Arist., Thphr.), κοπιάτης `land-labourer, digger' (Cod. Theod., Just.), κοπιώδης = κοπώδης (Hp., Arist.), κοπίαι ἡσυχίαι H. - 2. ( ἀπο-, ἐκ-, παρα-, προ- etc.) κοπή `hewing etc.' (IA.) with κόπαιον (Alciphr.), κοπάδιον (Gloss.) `piece', κοπάριον `sort of probe' (medic.), ( ἐγ-, ἐκ-)κοπεύς `oilstamper, chisel ' (hell.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 73). - 3. κόμμα ( διά-, ἀπό-, περί-) `cut in, stamp, part' (IA.) with κομμάτιον `small part' (Eup.), κομματίας `who speaks in short sentences' (Philostr.), - ατικός `consisting of short sentences' (Luc.); 4. κομμός `beat the breast, dirge' (A., Arist.). - 5. κόπις, - ιδος m. `prater' (Heraklit. 81 [?], E. Hec. 132 [lyr.], Lyc.), cf. ὠτοκοπεῖ κεφαλαλγει, ἐνοχλεῖ λαλῶν H., κόπτειν την ἀκρόασιν, δημο-κόπος = δημηγόρος (H.) etc. (Persson Beitr. 1, 162f.; s. also Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 48, v. Wilamowitz Herm. 62, 277f.; diff. on κόπις Pisani Acme 1, 324); here (or to κόπος?) κοπίζειν ψεύδεσθαι H.; 6. κοπίς, - ίδος f. `slaughtering knife, curved sabre' (Att.), also name of the meal on the first dayof the Hyacinthies in Sparta (Com.; cf. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 531) with κοπίζω `celebrate the K.' (Ath.); 7. κοπάς, - άδος f. `pruned, lopped' (Thphr.), `bush' (hell. pap.), ἐπι-κοπ-άς `land cleared of wood' (pap.). - 8. κοπετός = κομμός (Eup., LXX, Act. Ap.; from κόπος?; cf. Schwyzer 501 and Chantraine Formation 300). - 9. πρό-, ἀπό-, πρόσ-κοψις etc. from προ-κόπτειν etc. (Sapph., Hp., Arist.). - 10. κόπανον `slaughtering knife, axe' (A. Ch. 890), `pestle' (Eust.), from where κοπανίζω `pound' (LXX, Alex. Trall.) with κοπανισμός, κοπανιστήριον H.; ἐπικόπανον `chopping block' (hell.). - 11. κοπτός `pounded' (Cratin., Antiph.; cf. Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 18); κοπτή ( σησαμίς) `cake from pounded sesame' (hell. ep.), `Meerzwiebel, θαλάσσιον πράσον' (Ath.; which Fur. 318 A 5 considers as Pre-Greek), `pastille' (Dsc.); 12. ἐπι-, περι-κόπτης `satirist' resp. `stonecutter' (Timo resp. pap.), Προκόπτας = Προκρούστης (B. 18, 28); 13. ( ἀπο-, παρα-, προσ- usw.) κοπτικός (medic.) - 14. κόπτρα pl. `wages of a hewer' (Pap.); 15. κοπτήριον `threshing place' (hell. pap.). - 16. Two plant-names: κοπίσκος = λίβανος σμιλιωτός (Dsc. 1, 68, 1), κόπηθρον φυτὸν λαχανῶδες ἄγριον H. - Further verbal nouns like ἀπό-, ἐπί-, παρά-, ὑπέρ-κοπος etc. and compounds like δημο-κόπος (cf. 5. above); s. Sturtevant ClassPhil. 3, 435ff.; on - κόπος, - κοπῶ in NGr. Hatzidakis Glotta 2, 292f.Etymology: The present κόπτω can agree with Lith. kapiù (inf. kàpti) `hew, fell'; nasal present kampù (pret. kapaũ, inf. kàpti) `be cut down, get tired' (cf. κόπος `labour') and uncharacterized Alb. kep `hew', IE. * kopō (not * kapō); (acc. to Mann Lang. 26, 386 from *kopi̯ō, identical with κόπτω?). Further the secondary formation Lith. kapóju, -óti `hew, split, cut down' = Latv. kapãju, -ât `id.', also in Slav., e. g. Russ. kopájo, -átь `hew, dig'. The relation of these forms to the many words with initial sk-, e. g. σκάπτω, σκέπαρνος (s. vv.), is an unsolved question; cf. Pok. 930ff., and W.-Hofmann s. cāpō. - If to σκάπτω etc. the word might be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,915-916Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόπτω
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2 κάμνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `toil, labour, build; get tired, die' (euphem.; almost only ep. οἱ καμόντες, Att. οἱ κεκμηκότες); `be in danger, be in need' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. καμεῖν, fut. καμοῦμαι (Schwyzer 784), perf. κέκμηκα, Dor. (Theoc.) κέκμᾱκα, ep. ptc. κεκμηώς.Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, συγ-. - As 2. member in compunds: ἀ-κάματος `without fatigue' (Il.). ἀ-κάμα-ς, - α-ντ-ος `indefatigable' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 526); more usual - κμη-τ- (-κμᾱ-τ-), - κμη-το- (-κμᾱ-το-), e. g. ἀ-κμή-ς, - ῆτ-ος `id.', ἄ-κμη-τος `id.', πολύ-κμητος `with much labour prepared'.Derivatives: Verbal noun κάματος m. `labour, much demending labour, fatigue, pain' (Il.; on the meaning Radermacher RhM 87, 285f. [doubtful]). καματώδης `tiring' (Hes., Pi.), καματηρός `tiring, tired' (Ion., h. Ven. 246; after ἀνιηρός etc.; Chantraine Formation 232, Zumbach Neuerungen 15); καματηδόν `with fatigue' (Man.); also the verbal forms καματῶν κοπιῶν, ἐκαμάτευσε μετὰ κακοπαθείας εἰργάσατο H. (: καματάω, - τεύω).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [557] *ḱemh₂- `exert oneself, get tired'Etymology: Beside the thematic nasal present κάμνω Sanskrit has an athematic nā-present (type δάμ-νᾱ-μι): midd. śam-nī-te `exert onself, labour' (Schwyzer 693). The disyll. root form is seen in the impv. śamī̆-ṣva and the agent noun in śami-tár- `who prepares', which agree with Gr. κάμα-τος. Also the thematic aorist ἔ-καμ-ον, ἔ-καμ-ε has a parallel in Skt. a-śam-a-t, both with zero grade, *ḱm̥h₂-e\/o- (Schwyzer 747, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 391); the full grade can be seen in athematic Skt. aor. á-śami-ṣ-ṭa (RV), *e-ḱemh₂-t. The zero grade in Greek is κμη-, PGr. κμᾱ- \< *ḱm̥h₂- ( κέ-κμη-κα, ἄ-κμη-τος.), which in Sanskrit gave śān-tá- (ptc.); s. Rix, Hist. Gramm 1976, 73. κάματος derives from *ḱm̥h₂-etos. - Certain traces of the root in other languages have not been found; perhaps in some Celtic nouns, like MIr. cuma `trouble', cumal `slave (fem.)'. Pok. 557. - Cf. κομέω, κομίζω (\< *ḱomh₂-).Page in Frisk: 1,773-774Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάμνω
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3 μῶλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `battle, toil and moil of war' (Il. σ 233, Hes. Sc. 257; after these Archil. 3).Compounds: As 2. member in εὔμωλος ἀγαθὸς πολεμιστής, εὔοπλος (H.) with Εὑμωλ-ίων (Sparta); further in the words from Gortyn, which belong semantically together ἀντί-μωλος = ' ἀντίδικος, opponent in a suit' with ἀντι- μωλ-ία δίκη εἰς ἥν οἱ ἀντίδικοι παραγίνονται (H. s. μωλεῖ), ἀμφί-μωλος `because of whom a suit is carried, disputable', ἀμωλ-εί `without suit', uncertain ἀγχεμω[λία], = ' ἀγχιστεία'?Derivatives: Denom. verb. μωλέω, also with ἀμφι-, ἀπο-, ἐπι-, `be at law' (Gort.), μωλεῖ μάχεται, μωλήσεται μαχήσεται, πικρανθήσεται H. -- Here prob. also Μώλεια n. PN. of an Arcad. feast (sch. A. R. 1, 164).Etymology: Unknown. Usually with Bezzenberger-Fick BB 6, 239 a.o. connected with Lat. mōlēs `heavy mass, heaviness, effort, difficulty'; orig. meaning then *`effort, labour v.t.' (still retained in μῶλος Ἄρηος?), from where `fight' (cf. πόνος); from there with transition in the juridical sphere `lawsuit'; cf. διώκειν, φεύγειν and Trümpy Fachausdrücke 160ff., Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 95f. A quite hypothetical attempt to connect μῶλος and mōlēs morphologically with each other, by Pedersen Cinq. décl. lat. 62 (Schwyzer 425). -- Separation of an l-suffix makes connection possible with a Germ.-Slav. group, e.g. OHG muoan `burden, mühen' (with müde etc.), Russ. máj-u, - atь `tire, exhaust, tease', Lith. prisi-muol-ėti `get tired'. More forms in WP. 2, 301f., Pok. 746, W.-Hofmann s. mōlēs, Vasmer s. májatь.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῶλος
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4 ὑποδύω
2 metaph., κίνδυνον ὑποδύνειν undergo danger, Id.3.69;ταῦτα ὑποδύνειν Id.7.10
.θ.3 intr., slip in under,ὑποδύνουσι ὑπὸ τοὺς πίλους Id.4.75
: c. acc., slip into, insinuate oneself into, ;τὸ δὶς παῖδες οἱ γέροντες ὑποδῦνον αὐτοὺς νύττει Phld.Lib.p.64
O.: v. infr. 11.1d.4 slip from under,ἧττον ἂν ὑποδύοι ὁ ἵππος X.Eq.8.7
(the only place in which [tense] pres. [voice] Act. ὑποδύω is found).II mostly in [voice] Med. [full] ὑποδύομαι, [tense] fut.- δύσομαι Od.20.53
, Arr.Fr. 126 J.: [tense] aor. 1 -εδυσάμην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.- εδύσετο Od.4.570
(tm.): also [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act. -έδυν, [tense] pf. - δέδῡκα:—go or get under or down into, c. acc., ὑποδῦσα θαλάσσης κόλπον having plunged into.., Od. 4.435, cf. 570 (tm.), Il.18.145 (tm.);ὑ. ὑπὸ τὴν ζεύγλην Hdt.1.31
;ὑπὸ τὴν φοινικίδα Ar.Pl. 735
;- δεδυκότος τοῦ ἄρθρου εἰς χωρίον Hp.Art. 10
;ὑ. ὑπὸ τῶν κεραμίδων
creep under,Ar.
V. 205; φέρει τιν' ὑποδεδυκότα underneath it, like Odysseus under the ram of Polyphemus, ib. 182; ;εἰς τὴν θάλατταν Luc. Herm.71
: c. dat.,ὑ. τῇ πέλτῃ Id.DMort.27.3
.b put one's feet under a shoe, put on, ; ὑποδύσασθαι.. δυσμενῆ καττύματα ib. 1159; ὑποδυσάμενος ib. 1168 (but in these places Scal. restored ὑποδοῦ (ὑ. δ' ἀνύσας τι Van Leeuwen), ὑποδήσασθαι, -δησάμενος, cf.ὑποδέω 111.1
).c metaph., put on a character (because the actor's face was put under a mask), ἡ κολακευτικὴ.., ὑποδῦσα ὑπὸ ἕκαστον τῶν μορίων, προσποιεῖται εἶναι τοῦθ' ὅπερ ὑπέδυ pretends to be the character which it puts on, Pl.Grg. 464c;οἱ σοφισταὶ ταὐτὸν ὑποδύονται σχῆμα τῷ φιλοσόφῳ Arist.Metaph. 1004b18
;ὑποδύεται ὑπὸ τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τῆς πολιτικῆς ἡ ῥητορική Id.Rh. 1356a27
;τὴν ἡδονὴν ὑποδύεται τὸ βλάπτον Ath.Med.
ap. Orib. inc.23.25; also ὑ. τὸν Δία, τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν, Luc.Pisc.33: c. dat.,προγόνων ἀρεταῖς Plu.Arat.1
, cf. Gal.Thras.36; for ὀνόματι ὑ. συμμάχων in D.H.15.7, ὄνομα is prob. cj.d metaph., insinuate oneself into favour with,τὸν δῆμον Plu.Cat.Mi.32
, cf. 57: abs., creep,θαύματα καὶ τότε ὑπεδύετο Pl.Lg. 967b
: v. supr. 1.3.2 c. gen., come from under, come forth from,θάμνων ὑπεδύσετο Od.6.127
: metaph.,κακῶν ὑποδύσεαι 20.53
.b metaph., undergo labour or toil, take it on oneself, c. acc.,ὑπέδυσαν τὸν πόλεμον Hdt.4.120
, cf. supr. 1.2; πόνον, κίνδυνον, X.Cyr.1.5.12, etc.; tackle,Luc.
Ind.27; ὑ. αἰτίαν make oneself subject to.., D. 23.12.c c. inf., submit, undertake,ὑποδύεσθαι διδάσκειν X.Oec.14.3
.4 of feelings, steal into or over (cf. ὑφέρπω), τίς μ' ὑποδύεται πλευρὰς ὀδύνα; A.Eu. 842
(lyr.): rarely c. dat., πᾶσιν δ' ὑπέδυ γόος sorrow stole upon all, Od.10.398;ἀλλά μοι ἄσκοπα κρυπτά τ' ἔπη.. ὑπέδυ S.Ph. 1112
(lyr.);ὑποδύεται.. ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὁρμή Luc.Anach.37
: abs., of diseases, X.Eq.4.2.5 abs., slip or slink away, D.25.28.6 submit to, τισι Arr.Parth.Fr.87 Roos;ὑποδύσεται τοῖς ἐκ Ῥωμαίων.. ἀξιουμένοις Id.Fr. 126
J.: also c. acc.,ὑπέδυσαν τὰ ἐπαγγελλόμενα Id.Fr.3
J.; μηκέτι τὸ εἱμαρμένον ἢ παρὸν δυσχερᾶναι ἢ μέλλον ὑποδύεσθαι (sic cod. P) M.Ant.2.2 (vv. ll. ἀπο-, ἀνα-: ὑπιδέσθαι cj. Wilamowitz).7 abs., ὀφθαλμοὶ ὑποδεδυκότες sunken, hollow eyes, Luc. Tim.17, Hippiatr.34. -
5 ἀπομάσσω
A wipe off,δάκρυα χλαμύδι Plb.15.26.3
, cf. Plu.Rom.21:—[voice] Med., wipe off oneself,ὕδατος ἄχνην Call.Del.14
;τὸν κονιορτόν τισι Ev.Luc.10.11
; wipe, τι POxy.1381.133: abs., dry oneself, Jul.Or.6.203b.2 wipe clean, esp. in magical ceremonies,ἀπομάττων [αὐτοὺς] τῷ πηλῷ καὶ τοῖς πιτύροις D.18.259
, cf. Luc.Nec.7, Hsch. s. vv. μαγίδες, μαγμόν: —[voice] Med., wipe for oneself, Ἀχιλλείων ἀπομάττει you wipe your hands on the finest bread, Ar.Eq. 819;χεῖρας χειρομάκτρῳ ἀ. Ath.9.410b
: abs., wipe one's mouth, Eratosth.30; of a serpent, ἀ. τὸν ἰόν get rid of its poison, Arist.Fr. 372.II wipe off or level corn in a measure with a strickle: hence χοίνικα ἀ. give scant measure, Luc.Nav.25; κενεὰν ἀπομάξαι (sc. χοίνικα) level an empty measure, i.e. labour in vain, Theoc.15.95.III take an impression of,ἔν τισι τῶν μαλακῶν σχήματα ἀ. Pl.Ti. 50e
:—[voice] Med., model, as a sculptor, Philostr.VA6.19,APl.4.120 (Arch. or Asclep.): metaph., take impressions,ὅθεν ἡμὴ φρὴν ἀπομαξαμένη Ar.Ra. 1040
;τὰς ἰδέας Gal.18(2).655
; ἀ. παρ' ἀλλήλων one from another, Arist. EN 1172a12: generally, copy, imitate, D.H.Vett.Cens.3.2;ἤθεα ἀ. τεκούσης Nonn.D.46.18
, cf. 48.229: c. gen., model oneself upon, Call. Epigr.27.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπομάσσω
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