ὑπο-καίω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `kindle', midd. pass. `burn' (Il.).

Other forms: Att. κάω, aor. καῦσαι, ep. (also Att. inscr. IG 1², 374, 96; 261) κῆαι, pass. καῆναι (ep. ion.), καυθῆναι, fut. καύσω, perf. κέκαυκα, κέκαυ(σ)μαι (IA.),

Dialectal forms: Myc. apu-kekaumeno; pukawo \/ purkawos\/

Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπο-,

Derivatives: -1. καῦμα `fire, heat, glow' (Il.) with καυματ-ώδης (Hp., Arist.), - ηρός (Str.), - ίας (Thphr.; of the sun) `burning, glowing', καυματίζω `burn, singe' (NT, Plu., Arr.). - 2. καῦσις ( ἔγκαυσις etc.) `burning' (IA.) with ( ἐγ-, κατα-)καύσιμος `inflamable' (Pl., X.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 49f.). - 3. καῦσος m. `causus, bilious remittent fever etc.' (Hp., Arist.), from καῦσαι or rather with σο-suffix (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244, Strömberg Wortstudien 87f., Schwyzer 516); from there καυσία `Macedonian hat against the sun', καύσων `id.', also `heat, hot wind etc.' (LXX, NT, medic.; cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207 n. 13), καυσώδης `burning, hot' (Hp., Thphr.), καυσόομαι, - όω `have causus, burn: heaten' (medic., NT, pap.) with καύσωμα `heating' (Gal.). - 4. καυ(σ)τήρ m. `burner, burning iron' (Pi., Hp.), f. fen. καυστειρῆς adjunct of μάχης (Il.), καμίνου (Nic.), from *καύστειρα (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 192; note the switching accent); καυτήριον `branding iron, brand' (LXX, D. S., Str.), dimin. καυτηρίδιον (Gal.), denomin. verb καυτηριάζω `brand' (Str., NT). - 5. καύστης m. `heater etc.' (pap.). - 6. καύστρᾱ f. `place where corpses were burnt' (Str., inscr.). - 7. καυστικός, rare καυτ- `burning, inflamable' (Arist.). - 8. καυθμός `scorching (of trees), firewood' (Thphr., pap.). - Of the compp., e. g. ἔγκαυ-μα, - σις, -( σ)τής, - στήριον, - στον (\> Lat. encaustum; the red purple with which the Roman emperors signed, from where Fr. encre); ὑπόκαυ-σις, - στης, - στήριον, -στρᾱ a. u. - Beside these formations there are older ones, of which the connection with καίω became less clear because of phonetic developments: κᾶλον `wood', κηλέος `burning, blazing', κηώδης, κηώεις `smelling', κηυα meaning uncertain; πυρκαιᾱ́, πυρκαίη, adj. - ιός s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595] * keh₂u- `burn'

Etymology: As καίω may stand for *κάϜ-ι̯ω (from where Att. κά̄ω; Schwyzer 265f.), all forms go back on καυ-, κᾰϜ- except ἔ-κη-α for *ἔ-κηϜ-α (often written with false - ει- in κείαντο etc.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 9; Att. κέαντος with metathesis). In *ἔ-κηϜ-α an old fullgrade root aorist is maintained (Schwyzer 745; prob. not from *ἔ-κηυ-σ-α); the full grade also in ep. κηλέος, κηώδης, and in Delph. κηυα, which shows a PGr. κηϜ- beside κᾰϜ-. - Only Baltic gives a possible connection in Lith. kū̃lės `Brandpilze, Flugbrand, Staubbrand des Getreides', kūlé̇ti `brandig werden', Latv. kũla `old, dry, grass of last year' (cf. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); IE. zero grade kū- (\< * kuH-) beside fullgr. * keh₂us- in ἔ-κηϜ-α, zero grade *kh₂u̯- in *κάϜ-ι̯ω, καῦ-μα. Of course rather unncertain.

Page in Frisk: 1,756-757

καίω (Hom.+) fut. καύσω LXX; 1 aor. ἔκαυσα. Pass. 1 aor. inf. καυθῆναι (MPol 5:2 v.l.) and 2 aor. (B-D-F §76, 1; Rob. 349f) καῆναι (MPol 5:2; 12:3); fut. καυθήσομαι (καυθήσωμαι 1 Cor 13:3 v.l., an impossible form, s. W-S. §13, 7; B-D-F §28; Mlt-H. 219) and καήσομαι (Hs 4, 4); pf. ptc. κεκαυμένος.

① to cause to be lighted or be on fire, to light, to have/keep burning

ⓐ lit. λύχνον a lamp (Posidon: 87 Fgm. 94 Jac.; cp. Lev 24:2, 4; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 308; PGM 4, 2372) Mt 5:15 (so act. καίω τι X., An. 4, 4, 12; 4, 1, 11; EpJer 18. But, in contrast to ἅπτω, κ. lays the emphasis less upon the act of lighting than on keeping a thing burning; s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 80.—Diod S 13, 111, 2 πυρὰ κάειν=keep fires burning). Pass. w. act. sense be lit, burn Mk 4:21 v.l. λύχνοι καιόμενοι (Artem. 2, 9; cp. Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36. 1, 1 Jac. καιομένου τοῦ λύχνου; Ex 27:20; Jos., Ant. 8, 90) Lk 12:35; J 5:35; λαμπάδες … καιόμεναι Rv 4:5; GJs 7:2; cp. ἀστὴρ … καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς Rv 8:10. πῦρ καιόμενον (Hdt. 1, 86; Is 4:5; SibOr 7, 6) MPol 11:2a. κλίβανος καιόμενος a burning or heated oven (Hos 7:4) 2 Cl 16:3. W. πυρί added (Pla., Phd. 113a εἰς τόπον μέγαν πυρὶ πολλῷ καιόμενον) Hb 12:18 (cp. Dt 4:11; 5:23; 9:15); Rv 8:8. πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ w. fire and brimstone (cp. Is 30:33) 21:8; cp. 19:20.

ⓑ fig. of emotional experience (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 762 ἡ ὀδύνη καίουσα; Philo, Decal. 49 καιόμενοι κ. κατακαιόμενοι ὑπὸ τ. ἐπιθυμιῶν) of the heart οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καιομένη ἦν; were not our hearts burning? Lk 24:32 (cp. PGM 7, 472 καιομένην τὴν ψυχὴν κ. τὴν καρδίαν; TestNapht 7:4 ἐκαιόμην τοῖς σπλάγχνοις. PGrenf I, 1 I, 9 [II B.C.] συνοδηγὸν ἔχω τὸ πολὺ πῦρ τὸ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ μου καιόμενον. Cp. Ps 38:4. On the variants s. in addition to the comm. WAllen, JTS 2, 1901, 299).

② to cause someth. to burn so as to be consumed, burn (up) act. trans. (Hom. et al.; Job 15:34; Just., A I, 53f) MPol 18:1. Pass. intr. be burned (Is 5:24; Jos., Ant. 4, 248 [ἡ παιδίσκη] καιέσθω ζῶσα) Mt 13:40 v.l. (for κατακαίεται, s. κατακαίω) J 15:6; Hs 4:4. The stones being burned Hv 3, 2, 9; 3, 7, 2 are to be understood as representing apostates: ApcPt Bodl. (restored by Bartlet).—MPol 12:3a. σὰρξ καιομένη 15:2. δεῖ με ζῶντα καυθῆναι I must be burned alive 5:2; cp. 12:3b (Ael. Aristid, 36, 67 K.=48 p. 465 D.: καυθήσεσθαι ζῶντες; 45 p. 74 D.; Appian, Hann. 31 §132 ζῶντας ἔκαυσε). The mng. is disputed in ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι 1 Cor 13:3 v.l. (for καυχήσωμαι; s. καυχάομαι 1). Most scholars in this connection think of martyrdom (e.g. Ltzm., JSickenberger, H-D Wendland.—Cp. e.g. Da 3:19f; 2 Macc 7:5; 4 Macc 6:26; 7:12; Jos., Ant. 17, 167. Also Dio Chrys. 7 [8], 16 μαστιγούμενον κ. τεμνόμενον κ. καόμενον).—JWeiss (in Meyer⁹) and FDölger (Antike u. Christentum I 1929, 254–70) prefer to interpret it as voluntary self-burning (Diod S 17, 107, 1–6 Κάλανος; Lucian, Peregr. 20 καύσων ἑαυτόν of Peregr.; RFick, D. ind. Weise Kalanos u. s. Flammentod: NGG, Phil.-Hist. Kl. ’38; NMacnicol, ET 55, ’43/44, 50–52). KSchmidt (TW III 466–69) leaves the choice open betw. the two possibilities mentioned.—Preuschen (ZNW 16, 1915, 127–38) interprets it to mean brand, mark as a slave by branding, i.e. to sell oneself as a slave and present the purchase price to charity (for the idea s. 1 Cl 55:2).—B. 75. DELG. M-M. TW.

     καίω

     реже κάω (ᾱ) (impf. ἔκαιον - атт. ἔκᾱον, fut. καύσω, aor. ἔκαυσα; pass.: fut. καυθήσομαι, aor. ἐκαύθην, aor. 2 ἐκάην, pf. κέκαυμαι, ppf. ἐκεκαύμην)

    1) (тж. κ. πυρί NT.) зажигать, жечь

    

(πυρὰ πολλά Hom.; λύχνον NT.)

    2) жечь, сжигать

    

(δένδρεα, νεκρούς Hom.)

    3) сжигать в жертву

    

(μηρία Hom.; ὀστέα λευκά Hes.)

    4) жечь, уничтожать огнем

    

τέμνειν καὴ κ. или κ. καὴ πορθεῖν Xen. — уничтожать огнем и мечом

    5) обжигать

    

ἡ ἡμέρη καίει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους Her. — дневная жара обжигает людей;

    6) мед. прижигать

    

(τέμνειν καὴ κ. Plat.)

    7) опалять, делать загорелым, pass. загорать

    

(ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου Arst.)

    8) жечь как огнем

    

τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκάετο Thuc. — (у больных) внутренности жгло как огнем;

    9) растоплять, плавить

    

(ἥ χαλκῖτις λίθος καίεται Arst.)

ὑπο-καίω, durch untergelegtes Feuer anbrennen, darunter anzünden

     ὑποκαίω

     ὑπο-καίω

    атт. ὑποκάω

    1) разжигать внизу

    

(τὸ πῦρ Luc.)

    2) поджигать, сжигать снизу

    

(τι Her. и τινά Diod.)

κατακαίω (s. καίω; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 10:14; TestSol, TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 11 [Stone p. 34]; ApcEsdr; Just., A II, 21, 3; Ath. 29, 1) impf. κατέκαιον; fut. κατακαύσω; 1 aor. κατέκαυσα; inf. κατακέαι (=-κῆαι?; AcPl Ha 1, 27). Pass.: 2 fut. κατακαήσομαι (Tobit 14:4 BA; 1 Cor 3:15; 2 Pt 3:10 v.l. This form also Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 68 p. 371, 32 Jac.; SibOr 3, 507) and 1 fut. κατακαυθήσομαι (LXX; Rv 18:8; Hs 4:4); 2 aor. κατεκάην (Da 3:94 LXX; Jos., Bell. 6, 191; Just. A I, 21, 3) and 1 aor. κατεκαύθην (LXX; MPol 12:3 v.l.; Jos., Bell. 7, 450); pf. κατακέκαυμαι LXX; s. B-D-F §76, 1; W-S. §13, 9f and 15; Mlt-H. 242 (s.v. καίω) burn down, burn up, consume by fire τὶ someth.: weeds Mt 13:30; books Ac 19:19 (cp. PAmh 30, 36 [II B.C.] ἠναγκάσθην ἐνέγκαι τὰς συνγραφὰς καὶ ταύτας κατακαῦσαι. Acc. to Diog. L. 9, 52, books of Protagoras were burned by the Athenians in the marketplace); a heifer B 8:1 (cp. Num 19:5, 8).—Pass. ἔργον 1 Cor 3:15 (cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 11 [Stone p. 34] εἴ τινος τὸ ἔργον κατακαύσει τὸ πῦρ); cp. γῆ καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα κατακαήσεται 2 Pt 3:10 v.l. (for εὑρεθήσεται). Bodies of animals Hb 13:11. A third of the earth w. its trees and grass Rv 8:7abc. ὡς ξύλα Hs 4:4. Of being burned at the stake as a martyr MPol 12:3 (Diod S 1, 59, 3; 12, 25, 3 [in Roman admin. of justice]; Dio Chrys. 9 [10], 26 κατεκαύθη ζῶν; 29 [46], 7; Artem. 2, 52 p. 183, 1 P. [cp. 2, 49 p. 182, 15 P.]; 2, 49 p. 151, 16; Jos., Bell. 7, 450 [in Roman admin. of justice]). AcPl Ha 1, 27 κατακέαι (κατάκαιε or κατακῆαι [s. above, beg.]?) αὐτόν (Ath. 29, 1).—W. the addition of πυρί burn, consume someth. w. fire (Ex 29:14, 34; Lev 9:11) chaff Mt 3:12; Lk 3:17 (both π. ἀσβέστῷ); pass., weeds Mt 13:40 (καίεται v.l.). W. ἐν πυρί added (oft. LXX) someone: κ. τινὰ ἐν π. Rv 17:16. Pass. 18:8; but κατακαύσει ὑμᾶς πυρὶ ἀσβέστῷ AcPl Ha 1, 22.—Of a pillow ὑπὸ πυρὸς κατακαίεσθαι be consumed by fire MPol 5:2.—M-M.

πῦρ, ός, τό (Hom.+) fire

ⓐ of earthly fire, as an important element in creation Dg 7:2.—Mt 17:15; Mk 9:22; Ac 28:5; Js 5:3 (cp. 4 Macc 15:15); ITr 2:3. Melting lead 2 Cl 16:3. Necessary for forging metals Dg 2:3. Testing precious metals for purity 1 Pt 1:7; Hv 4, 3, 4; in metaphor Rv 3:18. For ἄνθρακες πυρός Ro 12:20 s. ἄνθραξ. For κάμινος (τοῦ) πυρός (Iren. 5, 5, 2 [Harv. II 332, 2) 1 Cl 45:7; 2 Cl 8:2 s. κάμινος. For βάλλειν εἰς (τὸ) π. s. βάλλω 1b.—περιάπτειν πῦρ kindle a fire Lk 22:55. κατακαίειν τι πυρί burn someth. (up) with fire, in a pass. construction Mt 13:40; τινὰ ἐν πυρὶ Rv 17:16 (v.l. without ἐν). Pass. construction 18:8. ὑπὸ πυρὸς κατακαίεσθαι MPol 5:2 (κατακαίω, end). πῦρ καιόμενον 11:2b (καίω 1a). πυρὶ καίεσθαι Hb 12:18; Rv 8:8 (καίω 1a). Fire is used in comparisons γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός Ac 2:3 (Ezek. Trag. 234 [in Eus., PE 9, 29, 14] ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ φέγγος ὡς πυρὸς ὤφθη ἡμῖν). φλὸξ πυρός a flame of fire (Ex 3:2; Is 29:6; PsSol 15:4; JosAs 14:9): ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡς φλὸξ πυρός Rv 1:14; cp. 2:18; 19:12.—Of a Christian worker who has built poorly in the congregation it is said σωθήσεται ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved as if through (the) fire, i.e. like a person who must pass through a wall of fire to escape fr. a burning house (Ps.-Crates, Ep. 6 [=Malherbe p. 56] κἂν διὰ πυρός; Jos., Ant. 17, 264 διὰ τοῦ πυρός; Diod S 1, 57, 7; 8 διὰ τοῦ φλογὸς … σωθείς from a burning tent) 1 Cor 3:15 (HHollander, NTS 40, ’94, 89–104; s. σῴζω 3). Cp. Jd 23 (ἁρπάζω 2a).—Of the torture of a loyal confessor by fire IRo 5:3; ISm 4:2; MPol 2:3; 11:2a; 13:3; 15:1f; 16:1; 17:2; cp. Hb 11:34; in imagery of Rome ἀπέρχομαι εἰς κάμινον πυρός AcPl Ha 6, 20 (cp. b below).

ⓑ of fire that is heavenly in origin and nature (cp. Diod S 4, 2, 3 of the ‘fire’ of lightning, accompanying the appearance of Zeus; 16, 63, 3 τὸ θεῖον πῦρ; Just., D. 88, 3 πῦρ ἀνήφθη ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῳ [at Jesus’ baptism]. In gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 14]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 9, 5.—Orig., C. Cels. 4, 13, 19): an angel appears to Moses ἐν φλογὶ πυρὸς βάτου in the flame of a burning thorn-bush Ac 7:30 (s. Ex 3:2; cp. Just., A I, 62, 3 ἐν ἰδέᾳ πυρός.—PKatz, ZNW 46, ’55, 133–38). God makes τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα (cp. Ps 103:4, esp. in the v.l. [ARahlfs, Psalmi cum Odis ’31]) Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3. Corresp., there burn before the heavenly throne seven λαμπάδες πυρός Rv 4:5 and the ‘strong angel’ 10:1 has πόδες ὡς στῦλοι πυρός, but both of these pass. fit equally well in a. Fire appears mostly as a means used by God to execute punishment: in the past, in the case of Sodom ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ Lk 17:29 (Gen 19:24; cp. 1QH 3:31). Cp. Lk 9:54 (4 Km 1:10, 12; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 13 [Stone p. 24, 13] ἐξ οὐρανοῦ; Jos., Ant. 9, 23 πῦρ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ πεσόν). Quite predom. in connection w. the Last Judgment: the end of the world διʼ αἵματος καὶ πυρός Hv 4, 3, 3; cp. Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3. Also Sib-Or 4, 173; 5, 376f); Rv 8:7. κόσμος αἴρεται ἐν πυρί AcPl Ha 2, 26; 9, 11. The Judgment Day ἐν πυρὶ ἀποκαλύπτεται makes its appearance with fire 1 Cor 3:13a; cp. 13b (JGnilka, Ist 1 Cor 3:10–15 … Fegfeuer? ’55); 2 Pt 3:7 (on first-century cosmological views s. FDowning, L’AntCl 64, ’95, 99–109, esp. 107f). When Jesus comes again he will reveal himself w. his angels ἐν πυρὶ φλογός (cp. Sir 45:19) 2 Th 1:8. Oft. in Rv: fire is cast fr. heaven upon the earth 8:5; 13:13; 20:9 (καταβαίνω 1b). It proceeds fr. the mouths of God’s two witnesses 11:5 and fr. the mouths of plague-bringing horses 9:17f. See 16:8. For πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους Hb 10:27 s. ζῆλος 1, end. ἡ χείρ μου πυρὶ ἀποπίπτει ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ my hand falls off me from (burning in) the fire GJs 20:1 (codd.).—The fire w. which God punishes sinners (cp. ApcSed 4:1 κόλασις καὶ πῦρ ἐστιν ἡ παίδευσίς σου) οὐ σβέννυται (cp. Is 66:24) Mk 9:48; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5. Hence it is called (s. PGM 5, 147 τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἀθάνατον): (τὸ) πῦρ (τὸ) αἰώνιον (4 Macc 12:12; TestZeb 10:3; GrBar 4:16; Just., A I, 21, 6 al.; Tat. 17, 1; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 9]) Mt 18:8; 25:41; Jd 7; Dg 10:7 (opp. τὸ πῦρ τὸ πρόσκαιρον 10:8). πῦρ ἄσβεστον (ἄσβεστος 1) Mt 3:12; Mk 9:43, 45 v.l.; Lk 3:17; 2 Cl 17:7; IEph 16:2; AcPl Ha 1, 22. It burns in the γέεννα (τοῦ) πυρός (ApcEsdr 1:9 p. 25, 1 Tdf.; s. γέεννα and cp. En 10:13 τὸ χάος τοῦ πυρός) Mt 5:22; 18:9 (cp. 1QS 2:7f); Mk 9:47 v.l.; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus not recorded elsewhere). ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρὸς (καὶ θείου) Rv 19:20; 20:10, 14ab, 15 (cp. Jos As 12, 10 ἄβυσσον τοῦ πυρός); cp. Rv 21:8; 14:10, 18; 15:2. The fiery place of punishment as ἡ κάμινος τοῦ πυρός Mt 13:42, 50 (difft. AcPl Ha 6, 20 see at the end of a, above). τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ fire awaits that person AcPlCor 2:37. The fire of hell is also meant in certain parables and allegories, in which trees and vines represent persons worthy of punishment Mt 3:10; 7:19; Lk 3:9; J 15:6. The one whose coming was proclaimed by John the Baptist βαπτίσει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί; whether πῦρ in Mt 3:11; Lk 3:16 refers to reception of the Holy Spirit (esp. in Lk 3:16) or to the fire of divine judgment is debatable; for association of πῦρ with πνεῦμα s. Ac 2:3f; AcPlCor 2:13 (βαπτίζω 3b). As Lord of Judgment God is called πῦρ καταναλίσκον Hb 12:29 (Dt 4:24; 9:3.—Mesomedes calls Isis πῦρ τέλεον ἄρρητον [IAndrosIsis p. 145, 14]).—Of a different kind is the idea that fire is to be worshiped as a god (Maximus Tyr. 2, 4b of the Persians: πῦρ δέσποτα; Theosophien 14 p. 170, 11 τὸ πῦρ ἀληθῶς θεός) Dg 8:2.

ⓒ fig. (Just., D. 8, 1 πῦρ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἀνήφθη; Chariton 2, 4, 7 πῦρ εἰς τ. ψυχήν; Ael. Aristid. 28, 110 K.=49 p. 527 D.: τὸ ἱερὸν κ. θεῖον πῦρ τὸ ἐκ Διός; Aristaen., Ep. 2, 5; PGrenf I=Coll. Alex. p. 177 ln. 15 [II B.C.] of the fire of love; Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 21] of God’s wrath) ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ Js 3:6 (s. γλῶσσα 1a). The saying of Jesus πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Lk 12:49 seems, in the context where it is now found, to refer to the fire of discord (s. vss. 51–53). πῦρ is also taken as fig. in Agr 3, the sense of which, however, cannot be determined w. certainty (s. Unknown Sayings, 54–56) ὁ ἐγγύς μου ἐγγὺς τοῦ πυρός. ὁ δὲ μακρὰν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ μακρὰν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλείας (cp. ἐγγύς 3; ἐγγὺς εἶναι τοῦ πυρός as someth. dangerous also Chariton 6, 3, 9). On the difficult pass. πᾶς πυρὶ ἁλισθήσεται Mk 9:49 and its variants s. ἁλίζω and cp. ἅλας b (s. also NColeman, JTS 24, 1923, 381–96, ET 48, ’37, 360–62; PHaupt, Salted with Fire: AJP 45, 1924, 242–45; AFridrichsen, Würzung durch Feuer: SymbOsl 4, 1926, 36–38; JdeZwaan, Met vuur gezouten worden, Mc 9:49: NThSt 11, 1928, 179–82; RHarris, ET 48, ’37, 185f; SEitrem, Opferritus u. Voropfer der Griechen u. Römer 1915, 309–44. JBauer, TZ 15, ’59, 446–50; HZimmermann [Mk 9:49], TQ 139, ’59, 28–39; TBaarda [Mk 9:49], NTS 5, ’59, 318–21).—B. 71; RAC VII 786–90; BHHW I 479f. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

     ἐπικαίω

     ἐπι-καίω

    атт. ἐπικάω (ᾱ)

    1) культ. возжигать

(πῦρ HH.)

; сжигать на жертвеннике

    

(θεῷ μηρία Hom., Hes. - in tmesi)

    2) обжигать, опалять

    

(ἀστραπέ ἐπέκαυσε Arst.)

καῦμα, ατος, τό, ([etym.] καίω)

A burning heat, esp. of the sun, καύματος ἔξ after sun-heat, Il.5.865, cf. Hes.Op. 415, 588, Alc.39, S.Ant. 417, Epinic.1.10, etc.; πρὶν ἂν τὸ κ. παρέλθῃ the heat of the day, Pl.Phdr. 242a, cf. Ti. 70d;

ἐὰν ᾖ κ. Arist.Mete. 342b10

: freq. in pl.,

ἡλίου τε καύμασιν S.OC 350

, cf. Hdt.3.104, X.Cyn.5.9, etc.; [

τόποι] ὑπὸ καυμάτων διαφθειρόμενοι Isoc.11.12

;

καύματα καὶ χειμῶνες Phld.Piet.87

: in pl., also of frost, Ath.3.98b, Luc.Lex.2.

2 fever heat, Th.2.49; of inflamed conditions, Hp.VM19, Aph.7.13: metaph., of love,

κ. ἀρσενικόν AP12.87

.

II in pl., holes burnt by cautery, Hp.Art.11, Arist.Pr. 863a31.

III brand on cattle, IG7.3171.44 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.).

IV embers of sacrifices, Pl.Criti. 12od.

V firewood, PLond.3.1166.6, al. (i A.D.).

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `burning' (Hom., Hes.) only in πυρὶ κηλέῳ (disyll.), verse end except Θ 217 and Ο 74 (here πυρὶ κηλείῳ).

Derivatives: περί-κηλος (Od.), κηλόν ξηρόν H. and καυαλέον η καυαλές ὑπὸ Αἰολέων τὸ αἶθος, η κατακεκαυμένον κτλ.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595; not kēu-] * keh₂u-? `burn'

Etymology: Because of Delph. κηυα (s. v.; which is quite uncertain) it may stand for *κηϜαλέος ( κηϜαλέον πῦρ orig. at verse end as αἰθόμενον πῦρ a. o.?; Shipp Studies 54); Aeol. κᾰϜαλέος would have diff. ablaut (* keh₂u- beside * kh₂u-?). The form κηλείῳ may have a diff. suffix (Schmid - εος und -ειος 40; diff. Fick: secondary for Aeol. καυαλέῳ); περί-κηλος and καυαλές too are reshapings (after the λο- and ής- adj.). Details in Debrunner IF 23, 21f. and Bechtel Lex. s. v. Cf. Graz Le feu dans l'Il, et l' Od. 116-122. - Further cf. καίω and κηώδης.

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ἐπικαίω (s. καίω) plpf. ἐπεκεκαύκειν (found in tmesis as early as Hom.; Sb 6720, 4) in Hom. ‘burn’; in our lit. only in the sense to burn surface area, scorch, of the sun (Pla., Ep. 7, 340d οἱ τὰ σώματα ὑπὸ τ. ἡλίου ἐπικεκαυμένοι, likew. Dio Chrys. 53 [70], 2; cp. Polyb. 38, 8, 7) abs. scorch Hs 9, 1, 6.