ὄλεθρ-ος

ὀλεθρ-εία or [suff] ὀλεθρ-ία, ἡ, = sq., LXX Es.8.13 (E 21), 3 Ma.4.2.

ὀλέθρ-ιος, ον, E.Hec. 1084 (lyr.), Pl.Ep. 334d ; but α, ον Hdt.6.112, LXX Wi.18.15, and freq. in Trag. (v. infr.):—

A destructive, deadly, ὀ. ἦμαρ the day of destruction, Il.19.294, 409, cf. ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ, etc. ; so μανίη πάγχυ ὀ. Hdt.l.c. ;

ὀ. μόρος A.Th. 704

;

ἔξω κομίζων ὀλεθρίου πηλοῦ πόδα Id.Ch. 697

; κότος ὀ. ib. 952 (lyr.) ;

ὀλεθρία νύξ S.OC 1683

(lyr.), etc. ; ψῆφος ὀλεθρία a vote of death, A.Th. 198 : in S.Aj. 799, ἔξοδον.. ὀλεθρίαν ἐλπίζει φέρειν seems to be = φέρειν εἰς ὄλεθρον : acc. sg. masc. predicatively used, ἀλλά μ' ἁ.. θεὸς ὀλέθριον αἰκίζει fatally, ib. 402 (lyr.):—rare in Prose, as Pl.R. 389d, Gal.16.522 ;

νόσοι Phld.Ir.p.57

W. ([comp] Sup.). Adv.

- ίως Eust.132.16

.

2 c.gen., γάμοι Πάριδος ὀλέθριοι φίλων bringing ruin on his friends, A.Ag. 1156 (lyr.).

3 c. dat., as Subst., ψύλλοις ὀλέθριον, name of a fluid, Philum.Ven.12.4.

II of persons, in danger of death, Hp.Acut.58 ; lost, undone, S.Tr. 878. Adv.

-ίως, ἔχειν Gal.16.522

, al.

2 rascally, worthless (cf.

ὄλεθρος 11

nisi hoc leg.), Luc.DMort. 2.1 codd., Hist.Conscr.38 codd. [suff] ὀλεθρ-ιώδης, ες, gloss on λευγαλέη, Hsch.

ὀλέθρ-ευσις, εως, ἡ,

A destruction, ib.Jo.17.13.

ὀλεθρ-εύω,

A slay, destroy, ib.Ex.12.23, al., Vett.Val.123.11.

ὀλεθρ-ιάω,

A to be on the point of death, Archig. ap. Aët. 9.40.

ὄλεθρ-ος, ὁ,

A ruin, destruction, death,

αἰπὺς ὄ. Il.11.174

, al. ;

λυγρὸς ὄ. 10.174

, al. ;

ὄ. ἀδευκής Od.4.489

;

οἴκτιστος ὄ. 23.79

;

ἵνα ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄ. Il.22.325

; ὀλέθρου πείρατα, like τέλος θανάτοιο, the consummation of death, 6.143 ; ὄ., opp. γένεσις, Parm.8.21, 27 ; οὐκ εἰς ὄλεθρον ; as an imprecation, plague take thee! S.OT 430 ; χρημάτων ὀλέθρῳ by destruction of property. Th.7.27 ;

εἶναι ἐν ὀλέθρῳ Antipho 1.29

;

ἐπ' ὀλέθρῳ τῶν χρωμένων E.Ph. 534

;

ἐκκλησιάζειν ἐπ' ὀλέθρῳ Ar.Th.84

;

οὐκ ἐπὶ δουλείᾳ κολάζοντες οὐδ' ἐπ' ὀλέθρῳ Pl.R. 471a

: pl., Phld.Rh.2.140S.

II that which causes destruction, pest, plague, Hes.Th. 326 ; contemptuously of persons,

γεγονὼς κακῶς καὶ ἐὼν ὄ. Hdt.3.142

;

ὑπὸ γερόντων ὀ. Ar.Lys. 325

;

ὄ. ἄνθρωπος Eup. 376

, cf. Men.533.13 ; ὄ. Μακεδών, of Philip, D.9.31 ; ὄ. γραμματεύς a pestilent scribe, of Aeschines, Id.18.127 ; τὸν βάσκανον, τὸν δ' ὄ. the cheat, the pest! Id.21.209 ;

ἀνθρώπους οὐδ' ἐλευθέρους ἀλλ' ὀ. Id.23.202

;

πολλοὶ ὄ. καὶ μεγάλοι Pl.R. 491b

.

III seduction,

Ἑλένης E. IA 1382

(troch.).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to wreck, to destroy, to lose', midd. intr. `to go to waste, to be ruined, to be lost' (Il.).

Other forms: - ύω, - ύομαι (Archil.), ὀλέκω, - ομαι (Il.), aor. ὀλέσαι, ὀλέσθαι (Il.), pass. ὀλεσθῆναι (LXX), fut. ὀλέσ(σ)ω (ep.), ὀλέω (Ion.), ὀλῶ (Att.), ὀλέομαι, ὀλοῦμαι (Il.), perf. ὀλώλεκα (Att.), intr. ὄλωλα (Il.); as simplex only ep.;

Compounds: Very often w. prefix, esp. ἀπ- (in Att. prose monopol.), with ἐξαπ-, συναπ-, προσαπ- etc., also with δι-, ἐξ- a.o.

Derivatives: 1. ὄλεθρος m. `destruction, ruin, loss, death' (Il.) with ὀλέθρ-ιος `baneful' (Il.), - ιάω `to be dying' (Archig; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732), ( ἐξ-ὀλεθρ-εύω, assim. ( ἐξ-)ὀλοθρ-εύω `to destroy' (LXX) with - ευσις, - ευμα, - εία (beside - ία; Scheller Oxytonierung 39), - ευτής; NGr. ξολοθρεύω. 2. ἀπόλε-σις f. `loss' (Hippod. ap. Stob.); as 1. member e.g. in ὀλεσ-ήνωρ `destroying men' (Thgn. [?], Nonn.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 183), ὠλεσί-καρπος `losing fruit' (κ 510 a.o.; ὠ- metr. condit.). 3. ὀλε-τήρ, - ῆρος m. `destroyer, killer' (Σ 114 a.o.; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 35 a. 43), - τειρα f. (Batr.; ἀνδρ-ολέτειρα Hes., A.), - της m. ( Epigr. Gr.; ἀνδρ-ολέτης poet. inscr.), - τις f. (AP), παιδ-ολέτωρ, - ορος m. f. `child killer' (A. in lyr.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 127 n. 1. -- On the PN Όλετᾶς (Hali- carn. etc.; Carian?) Masson Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 10, 163f.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [306] * h₃elh₁- `destroy'

Etymology: The disyll. full grade in ὄλε-θρος, ὀλέ-σαι a.o. has beside it a monosyll. zero grade in ὄλλυμι from *ὄλ-νυ-μι (from an older *h₃l̥-n-eh₁-mi \> *ολνημι); thus e. g. στορέ-σαι: στόρ-νυ-μι. Orig. disyll. also in ὀλέ-σθαι (if athematic), to which with thematic transfomation ὀλόμην etc.? On ὀλέ-κ-ω cf. ἐρύ-κ-ω a.o., on the ptc. aor. ὀλόμενος Kretschmer Glotta 27, 236 f. (against Specht KZ 63, 219 f.). Details on the morphology in Schwyzer 363, 696, 702 a. 747, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 302 f., 329 a. 391; on the vocalism also Sánchez Ruiperez Erner. 17, 107 f. -- From Greek here also ὀλοός `pernicious, fatal'; further isolated. On wrong hypotheses s. W.-Hofmann s. aboleō, dēleō and volnus; also WP. 1, 159 f. and Pok. 306 (w. lit.).

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ὄλειρ· ἔλειος μῦς, Hsch. [full] ὀλέ-κρανον, [suff] ὀλεθρ-κρανίζω,

A v. ὠλ-.