ἔστῠγον

στυγέω

hate: aor ind act 3rd pl

στυγέω

hate: aor ind act 1st sg

στυγέω

hate: aor ind act 3rd pl

στυγέω

hate: aor ind act 1st sg

καταστῠγ-έω, [tense] aor.

A

κατέστῠγον Il.17.694

:— to be horror-struck, κατέστυγε μῦθον ἀκούσας l.c.: c.acc., abhor, abominate,

κατὰ δ' ἔστυγον αὐτήν Od.10.113

;

δόρπα Nic.Al. 476

: later [tense] aor.

κατεστύγησα Eun. VS p.471

D., Apollon.Lex.s.v. κατέστυγε.

II causal in [tense] aor. 1 κατέστυξα, make abominable, EM731.26 (but in Hsch. = μισῆσαι). [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass.

κατεστυγημένος Phot.

, Suid.; f.l. - μένως in Hsch.

στῠγ-έω, Il.7.112, Hdt.7.236, E.El. 1017, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἔστυξα, opt.

A

στύξαιμι Od.11.502

(v. infr. 11): [tense] aor. 2 ἔστῠγον ([etym.] κατ-) 10.113, Il.17.694: later [tense] aor. 1

ἐστύγησα A.Supp. 528

(lyr.), E.Tr. 710: [tense] pf.

ἐστύγηκα J.Ap.2.24

, ([etym.] ἀπ-) Hdt.2.47:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. στυγήσομαι in pass. sense, S.OT 672: [tense] aor.

ἐστυγήθην A.Th. 691

, E.Alc. 465 (lyr.): [tense] pf.

ἐστύγημαι Lyc.421

;

ἔστυγμαι Hsch.

:—poet. Verb (also in Hdt. and later Prose, Phld.Lib.p.13 O., J.l.c.), hate, abhor, c. acc., Il.20.65, al., Hes. (Th. 739, al.), and Trag. (v. infr.); also in Thgn.278, Pi.Fr.203.2, Emp. 115.12, 116, Hdt.7.236; Com. only in paratragoedic and lyric passages, Ar.Ach.33 (cf. Sch. ad loc.), 472, Th. 1144 (lyr.), Diph.73.5, Com.Adesp.1278; never in [dialect] Att. Prose: stronger than μισέω, for it means to show hatred, not merely to feel it,

τὸ πρᾶγμα.., ἢν μὲν ἀξίως μισεῖν ἔχῃ, στυγεῖν δίκαιον E.El. 1017

: c. inf., hate or fear to do a thing, Il.1.186, 8.515, S.Ph.87, A.R.2.628:—[voice] Pass., to be abhorred, detested,

τὸν μέγα στυγούμενον A.Pr. 1004

;

Φοίβῳ στυγηθέν Id.Th. 691

; τί δ' ἐστίν.. πρός γ' ἐμοῦ στυγούμενον; what is the horrid thing that I have done? S.Tr. 738.

II in [tense] aor. 1, make hateful, τῷ κέ τεῳ στύξαιμι μένος καὶ χεῖρας then would I make my courage and my hands a hate and fear to many a one, Od.11.502: but this [tense] aor. is used in the common sense by A.R.4.512, AP7.430 (Diosc.).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to hate, to detest, to hold back' (ep. poet., Il., Hdt. a. late prose).

Other forms: Aor. στυγεῖν (Hom., Call., Nic. a.o.), στύξαι (λ 502 [caus.], A. R., Opp., AP), στυγ-ῆσαι, pass. - ηθῆναι, fut. - ήσομαι (trag.), perf. ἐστύγ-ηκα (Hdt. a.o.), - ημαι (Lyc.), - μαι (H.).

Compounds: Also w. ἀπο-, κατα-.

Derivatives: στυγ-ητός `hated, detestable' (A. Pr., late prose), - ημα n. `object of hate, detestation' (E. a.o.), ἀπο- στυγέω ησις f. `detestation' (sch.). -- Besides the adj. 1. στυγ-ερός `hated, full of hate, detestable' (ep. poet. Il.). 2. - νός `id.', also `gruesome, sad etc.' (Archil., Hp., trag. etc.) with - νότης f. (hell. a. late), - νία f. (sch.), - νόομαι (also w. κατα-) `to be somber' (AP, H.), - νωσον χώρισον H., - νάζω (also w. δια-, κατα-, συν-) `to be, become overcast' (NT a.o.) with - νασις f. (late). 3. - ιος `hated, detestable' (E., Plu.; cf. on Στύξ below). Subst. 1. στύγος n. `hate, object of hate' (A. a.o.). 2. Στύξ, - γός f. river in the Underworld (Hom. etc.) with adj. Στύγιος (trag. a.o.), name of an Arcadian mountain brook wit icecold water (Hdt., Str., Paus.), also appellat. `hate, detestation' (Alciphr.), pl. `icy cold' (Thphr.); also = σκώψ (Ant. Lib. a.o.). Compp. στυγ-άνωρ `hating men' (A. Pr.), ψευσί-στυξ `hating lies' (AP).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1033, 1035] * stug- `be cold, freeze?'

Etymology: The rise of the above forms cannot be reconstructed with certainty. Old is in any case the primary suffixless Στύξ; whether the pres. στυγέω or the aor. ἔστυγον was prior cannot be decided, as the latter just like στύξαι can be metrically conditioned; cf. ἔκτυπον s. κτύπος (also Schwyzer 721 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 347). From στυγέω first στυγη-τός, - μα, prob. also as backformation στύγος (cf. μισέω: μῖσος). The adj. can be explained in diff. ways. -- No certain etymology. As behind the notion `hate' a concrete conception will be hidden and for στύξ the meaning `icy cold, icecold water' is in fact attested (from where στυγέω prop. `shiver'?) it is obvious to connect a synonymous Slav. word: Russ. stýgnutь, stúgnutь `cool down, get cold, freeze', Stugna tributary of the Dniepr. Much less usual are forms with -d-, e.g. Russ. stúda `cold', studítь `cool (down)', OCS studъ also = αἰσχύνη; a Slavic change - dn- to - gn- is perhaps not to be excluded (s. lit. in Vasmer s. stýgnutь). Connection with a verb for `push etc.', e.g. Skt. tujáti, Germ., e.g. NLG stūken, is semantically more difficult to motivate. Further hypotheses (to στύω a.o.) in Bq, WP. 2, 616f. a. 620, Pok. 1033 u. 1035, Vasmer s.vv., also Fraenkel s. 1. stúgti; everywhere w. lit. -- New proposal by v. Windekens Orbis 13, 224 f.: to Toch. B ścono, śconiye `hate' from steu-n-.

Page in Frisk: 2,812-813