ἀμύω

ἀμύω (cf. ἠμύω),

A sink down, fall,

[φύλλα] ἀμύοντα χαμᾶζε Hes.Fr. 96.86

. [full] ἀμύωτος, ον, dub. sens. in GDI 4979 ([place name] Gortyn).

See also: ἠμύω

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ἠμύω, [tense] aor. ἤμυσα (v. infr.): [tense] pf. part. ἠμυκώς Sch.Nic.Th. 626; cf. ὑπ-εμνήμυκε:—[dialect] Ep. Verb,

A bow down, sink, Hom., only in Il.,

ἑτέρωσ' ἤμυσε κάρη πήληκι βαρυνθέν 8.308

; ἤμυσε καρήατι, of a horse, 19.405; of a corn-field,

ἐπί τ' ἠμύει ἀσταχύεσσιν 2.148

: metaph., of cities, totter, fall, τῶ κε τάχ' ἠμύσειε πόλις Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος ib. 373; rare in Trag.,

χρόνῳ δ'.. ἤμυσε στέγος S.Fr. 864

; later, simply, fall, perish,

οὔνομα δ' οὐκ ἤμυσε Λεωνίδου AP7.715

(Leon.).

II trans., cause to fall, ruin,

πόλιν Musae.Fr.22

. (In Hom. [pron. full] ῠ in [tense] pres., [pron. full] ῡ in [tense] aor. 1; but [pron. full] ῡ in [tense] pres.

κατ-ημύουσιν A.R.3.1400

, cf. Opp.H.1.228, Nic.Al. 453; [pron. full] ῠ in [tense] aor., AP9.262 (Phil.), but [pron. full] ῡ ib.7.715 (v. supr.); cf. ἀμύω, ἐπημύω.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `close, be shut', esp. of the eyes, `shut the eyes, abate', also (esp. with κατα-) trans. `shut' ( ὀφθαλμούς etc.) (S. Fr. 774, Call., Nic.).

Other forms: aor. μῠ́σαι (Ω 637; cf. below), late. μῦσαι (AP), fut. μῠ́σ-ω (Lyc. 988), perf. μέμῡκα (Ω 420).

Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-. As 1. element in μύ-ωψ, them. elarged - ωπός "with closing eyes", i.e. `near-sighted' (cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 9 n. 2).

Derivatives: 1. Adv. in - τί with α priv.: ἀ-μυσ-τί `without closing (the lips), at one draught' (Hp., Pherecr.), from where ἄμυστις f. `drinking at one draught' (Anacr., Epich., E.) with ἀμυστίζω `empty the cup at one draught' (E., Plu.); cf. Schwyzer 623 w. n. 10. -- 2. ( σύμ-, κατά-)μύσις f. `the closing, go together' (Hp., Thphr., Plu.). -- 3. μύστης m. prob. prop. "who shuts his eyes", `the initiated (in the Eleusinian mysteries)' (Heraclit., Ar., E.) in opposition to the ἐπόπτης "the observer", wo reached the highest degree; f. μύστις name of comedies of Antiph. and Philem., LXX; with μυστικός `belonging to the mystai (mysteries), secret' (IA.; Chantraine Études 116, 123, 125), μυστήριον, usu. pl. - ια `secret service' (IA.) with μυστηρ-ιώδης, - ικός etc.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 222 f. -- Beside μύω stands μυέω, mostly pass. μυέομαι, aor. μυηθῆναι, μυῆσαι, fut. μυηθήσομαι, perf. μεμύημαι, rarely with ἐν-, συν-, προ-, prob. prop. "have one's eyes closed" (cf. μύστης), `be initiated', with secondarily the act. `initiate' (IA.). From where μύησις f. `initiation' (hell., inscr., Ph.). -- On itself stands μυάω `shut the lips (the eyes?)' (only Ar. Lys. 126 τί μοι μυᾱ̃τε; by H. explained with σκαρδαμύττετε), also μοιμυάω (H., Phot.); constucted from the Ar.-place?; but cf. μοιμύλλω s. μύλλω.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown] IE LIV 401, * meus- `shut oneself'

Etymology: The perfect μέμῡκα agrees with the also intransitive ἕστηκα, βέβηκα etc.; the shortvowel aor. μῠ́σαι (for which secondarily μῦσαι to μύω) may like φθάσαι a.o. have been transformed from a root aor. (μῠ́σαν Ω 637 for *μῠ́-ν?); from there the fut. μῠ́σ-ω. Then the σ in μύσ-της would be unoriginal. If old, μέμῡκα would have to be analogical. The present μύω can be explained both from μυ- and from μυσ- (*μύσ-ι̯ω Schulze Q. 334 n. 3 as a question); cf. Schwyzer 686 and 721. -- Comparisons outside Greek are hardly of help: the isolated Latv. musinât `whisper, murmur' (WP. 2, 310, Pok. 752) does no say much. (Does μύω go back on sound-imitating μῦ?; s. also μύζω, μῦθος, μυκάομαι. -- The innovation μυέομαι with μυέω may have arisen from nonpres., with η enlarged forms like μυηθῆναι, μεμύημαι; cf. Schwyzer 721. On μυάω cf. σιγάω, βοάω a.o. -- On the fate of μυστικός, μυστήριον in the Westeurop. languages (Fr. mystique, mystère etc.) and in Newgr. s. Chantraine Studii clasice 2, 69 f. - Fur. 378 compares ἀμύω and considers it as perh. Pre-Greek. Janda connects Pal. muš- `satiate oneself', IE * meus- `shut oneself' (LIV 401), Sprache 40, 1998 [2001], 21.

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