ταραχ-ή

ταραχ-ώδης, ες, von unruhiger od. unordentlicher Art, mit Unruhe verbunden, in heftiger Gemütsbewegung, zornig; τὸ ϑεῖον ταραχῶδες, Unruhe, Schrecken hervorbringend; verwirrt; κοιλία ταραχώδης, der Durchfall

τᾰράσσω, Pi.O.2.63, etc.; [dialect] Att. [suff] τᾰράξ-ττω Ar.Eq. 902; also [full] θράσσω (q.v.): [tense] fut. ταράξω ib. 358, etc.: [tense] aor.

A

ἐτάραξα Od.5.291

, ([etym.] συν-) Il.1.579, 8.86: [tense] plpf.

συν-ετεταράχει D.C.42.36

: [dialect] Ep. [tense] pf. in pass. sense τέτρηχα (v. infr. 111):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ταραχθήσομαι Men.858

(prob.), Epict.Ench.3, etc.; [voice] Med. ταράξομαι in pass. sense, Th.7.36, X. Cyr.6.1.43: [tense] aor.

ἐταράχθην Ar.Nu. 386

(anap.), etc.: [tense] pf. τετάραγμαι ib. 388 (anap.), etc.:—stir, trouble, in a physical sense, σύναγεν νεφέλας ἐτάραξε δὲ πόντον [Ποσειδῶν] Od.5.291;

κύμασιν ταράσσεται πόντος Archil.54

, cf. Sol.54;

τ. πέλαγος ἁλός E.Tr.88

, cf. 692;

ὁμοῦ τ. τήν τε γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλατταν εἰκῇ Ar.Eq. 431

;

τ. καὶ κυκᾶν Id.Ach. 688

(troch.), Eq. 251 (troch.); οὐ χθόνα ταράσσοντες troubling not the earth (by ploughing), Pi. l.c.;

βροντήμασι.. κυκάτω πάντα καὶ ταρασσέτω A.Pr. 994

; τ. φάρμακον perh. mix, Luc.Lex.4, cf. Amips. 18: metaph., φωνὰν ταρασσέμεν to wag the tongue, Pi.P.11.42; πάντα τ., of a speaker, jumble up, D.19.93;

τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων διδασκαλίαν Gal.15.185

.

2 trouble the mind, agitate, disturb,

με δεινὸς ὀρθομαντείας πόνος στροβεῖ ταράσσων A.Ag. 1216

; δεινὰ (adverbial) τ. [με] S.OT 483 (lyr.);

ὅταν ταράξῃ Κύπρις ἡβῶσαν φρένα E.Hipp. 969

, cf. Fr.1079.4;

Νικίαν ταράξω Ar.Eq. 358

(troch.);

τ. καρδίαν E.Ba. 1321

; esp. of fear, A.Ch. 289, Ar.Eq.66, etc.; ἄν τις φόβος τ. X.Mem.2.4.6;

τὸ σῶμα τ. τὴν ψυχήν Pl.Phd. 66a

, cf. 103c; so

τ. γλῶσσαν E.IA 1542

: abs., cause confusion, Pl. R. 564b, Hp.Mi. 373b:—[voice] Pass., Id.Phd. 100d, etc.;

περί τι Id.Sph. 242c

;

διά τι D.4.3

;

ταράσσομαι φρένας S.Ant. 1095

; ὄμμα σὸν τ. E. Or. 253.

3 of an army, etc., throw into disorder, Hdt.4.125, 9.51, etc.;

ἐτάρασσον τοὺς ταρσοὺς τῶν κωπέων Id.8.12

:—[voice] Pass., to be in disorder, Id.4.125, 129, 8.16, Th.4.25, X.Cyr.2.1.27, etc.; ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τ. Th.7.67.

b metaph., rout or upset, κριτήριον τ. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1012.38 (perh. variant of Epicur.Sent. 24):—[voice] Pass.,

λόγου ταραχθέντος Phld.Rh.1.136

S.;

εἰ τὰ σημεῖα ταραχθείη Gal.6.262

.

4 τ. τὴν γαστέρα cause relaxation of the bowels, of purges, Hp.Nat.Mul.12, cf. Acut.56, Arist.Pr. 864b23, Gal.15.667:—[voice] Pass.,

ἐταράχθης τὴν γαστέρα Ar.Nu. 386

(anap.);

τὸ πνεῦμα Gal.15.903

; more generally,

τεταραγμένον σῶμα Sor.1.105

.

5 freq. of political agitation,

τ. τὴν πόλιν Ar.Eq. 867

; τὰ πράγματα ib. 214:—[voice] Pass., to be in a state of disorder or anarchy, ἐν ἀλλήλοις τ. Th.2.65, cf. D.2.14, Ptol.Tetr. 164.

6 ταράττεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων to be shaken in one's seat on horseback, X. Cyr.5.2.17.

7 Math., τεταραγμένη ἀναλογία disturbed proportion, Euc.5Def.18, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.4.

II stir up, metaph., τ. νεῖκος, πόλεμον, S.Ant. 794 (lyr.), Pl.R. 567a;

φόνον E.Ba. 797

;

ἡλίκα πράγματα ταράξασα D.18.153

, cf. X.An.5.10.9;

τ. δίκας τινὶ πρός τινας Plu.Them.5

:—[voice] Pass.,

πόλεμος ἐταράχθη D.18.151

;

γόος.. ταραχθείς A.Ch. 331

(lyr.).

III exc. in the places mentioned, Hom. uses only intr. [tense] pf. τέτρηχα, to be in disorder or confusion, be in an uproar,

τετρήχει δ' ἀγορή Il.2.95

;

ἀγορὴ τετρηχυῖα 7.346

; so

τετρηχυῖα θάλασσα AP7.283

(Leon.);

τετρηχότος οἴδματος A.R.1.1167

;

τετρηχότα βῶλον Id.3.1393

;

τετρηχότι νώτῳ Nic.Th. 267

; but ἐκ σέθεν.. ἄλγεα.. τετρήχασι cruel woes arise, A.R. 4.447, cf. 3.276, Philet.7; in Nic.Th.72 τετρήχοντα κλήματα is f.l. for δὲ τρήχοντα. (Alexandrine and later Poets seem to have thought erroneously that τέτρηχα = to be rough (cf. τραχύς).) ( ταράχψω from ταραχ-ή, τάραχ-ος and these from Θᾰρᾰχ-: cogn. with θράσσω from θρᾱχ-ψω of which the [dialect] Ion. [tense] pf. is τέτρηχα.)

     ταραχώδης

     τᾰρᾰχ-ώδης

    2

    1) вносящий смятение, создающий замешательство

    

(τὸ θεῖον Her.)

    2) сбивающий с ног, пьянящий

    

(φάρμακον Luc.)

    3) непостоянный, капризный

    

(τύχη Isocr.; μεταβολαί Arst.)

    4) запутанный

    

(ἴχνη Xen.)

    5) сбивчивый

    

(ἥ κρίσις Arst.)

    6) беспорядочный

    

(ναυμαχία Thuc.)

     ταραχωδῶς

     τᾰρᾰχ-ωδῶς

    1) в смятении

    

(ζῆν Isocr.)

    2) спутанно, сбивчиво

    

τ. ὑπολαμβάνειν περί τινος Isocr. — путанно судить о чем-л.

    3) мятежно

    

(ἔχειν πρός τινα Dem.)

θρά̄σσω, θρά̄ττω rommelig

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `trouble, disquiet' (Pi., Hp., Att.);

Other forms: Aor. θρᾶξαι (A., E.), pass. ἐθράχθη (S. Fr. 1055); perf. τέτρηχα intr. `be troubled, unquiet' (Il.).

Compounds: incid. with prefix, ἐν-, ὑπο-, ἐπι-,

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [251] [very uncertain] * dʰreh₂gʰ- `??'

Etymology: Primary yot-present from *θρᾱχ-ι̯ω, beside which the old perfect *τέ-θρᾱχ-α (Schwyzer 702); the rarely occurring aorist forms θρᾶξαι, ἐθράχθη are innovations after the type πράσσω: πρᾶξαι a. o. for older ταράξαι (like δαμάσαι), to which the present ταράσσω (s. v.), with the same disyll. stem form as ταραχή; to τέ-τρηχ-α: ταραχ-ή cf. e. g. τέ-θνη-κα: θάνα-τος. A primary nominal formation with long stem as θρά̄σσω, τέτρηχα is τρᾱχύς `raw, hard'; s. v. There are no exact correcpondences ouside Greek. Bezzenberger BB 4, 320 adduced a widespread word for `dregs, sediment', which occurs in varying form: Germ., e. g. ONord. dregg f., pl. dreggiar, Balt.-Slav., e. g. OLith. drãges pl., Alb. drā, prob. also Lat. fracēs, -um. Further one compares a large group in Baltic, which through its acute would agree with the Greek words, e. g. Lith. dérgiu, dérgti `schlackerig sein (of the weather), get squalid etc.' [but the acute is caused by the Lith. g \< *g acc. to Winter-Kortlandt's law, and so does not agree with Greek]. (Here acc. to Specht KZ 59, 102 and 117 w. n. 3 also dìrgstu, dìrgti `relax, get weak etc.' (with dìrginu, dìrginti `relax'); but see the critical remarks in Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. dìrginti and drėgti !. - More forms W.-Hofmann s. fracēs; and Fraenkel s. drãges; and Pok. 251; these forms are not clear. Cf. Bechtel Lex. s. ταράσσω.

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θρά̄σσω, θρά̄ττω rommelig

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `trouble, disquiet' (Pi., Hp., Att.);

Other forms: Aor. θρᾶξαι (A., E.), pass. ἐθράχθη (S. Fr. 1055); perf. τέτρηχα intr. `be troubled, unquiet' (Il.).

Compounds: incid. with prefix, ἐν-, ὑπο-, ἐπι-,

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [251] [very uncertain] * dʰreh₂gʰ- `??'

Etymology: Primary yot-present from *θρᾱχ-ι̯ω, beside which the old perfect *τέ-θρᾱχ-α (Schwyzer 702); the rarely occurring aorist forms θρᾶξαι, ἐθράχθη are innovations after the type πράσσω: πρᾶξαι a. o. for older ταράξαι (like δαμάσαι), to which the present ταράσσω (s. v.), with the same disyll. stem form as ταραχή; to τέ-τρηχ-α: ταραχ-ή cf. e. g. τέ-θνη-κα: θάνα-τος. A primary nominal formation with long stem as θρά̄σσω, τέτρηχα is τρᾱχύς `raw, hard'; s. v. There are no exact correcpondences ouside Greek. Bezzenberger BB 4, 320 adduced a widespread word for `dregs, sediment', which occurs in varying form: Germ., e. g. ONord. dregg f., pl. dreggiar, Balt.-Slav., e. g. OLith. drãges pl., Alb. drā, prob. also Lat. fracēs, -um. Further one compares a large group in Baltic, which through its acute would agree with the Greek words, e. g. Lith. dérgiu, dérgti `schlackerig sein (of the weather), get squalid etc.' [but the acute is caused by the Lith. g \< *g acc. to Winter-Kortlandt's law, and so does not agree with Greek]. (Here acc. to Specht KZ 59, 102 and 117 w. n. 3 also dìrgstu, dìrgti `relax, get weak etc.' (with dìrginu, dìrginti `relax'); but see the critical remarks in Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. dìrginti and drėgti !. - More forms W.-Hofmann s. fracēs; and Fraenkel s. drãges; and Pok. 251; these forms are not clear. Cf. Bechtel Lex. s. ταράσσω.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `seal, seal of a state, impression of a seal, signet, seal-ring, cut stone' (IA.), `sealed field-plot' (pap.). -- Extensively on the meaning of σφραγίς J. Diehl Sphragis. Eine semasiologische Nachlese. Diss. Gießen 1938 (w. lit.); also Kenna JHSt.81, 99ff., Kranz RhM 104, 3ff., 97f.

Derivatives: Dimin. σφραγίδιον n. (Ar., Thphr., inscr.). Denom. verb σφραγ-ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, `to provide with a seal, to seal, to signet, to stamp, to confirm' (IA.) with - ισμα ( ἀντι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-) n. `impression of a seal, sealed document' (E., X., hell. a. late); - ισμός ( ἐπι-, παρα-, περι-) m. `sealing, confirmation' (hell. a. late); ἐν-, ἐπι-σφράγ-ισις m. `sealing' (late); - ιστήριον n. `seal, stamp' (pap.); - ιστής ( ἐπι-, ἀπο-) m. `sealer, witness' (Plu., Luc., pap. a.o.). -- Besides Σφραγίδιον name of a cave ( ἄντρον) of prophesying nymphs on the Kithairon (Paus. 9, 3, 5); there the νύμφαι Σφραγίτιδες Plu. Arist. 11).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S).

Etymology: Formation like κληΐς, κνημίς a.o.; so prob. a secondary deriv. Not certainly explained. For the Σφραγίτιδες νύμφαι Lobeck Paralip. 51 n. 59 assumes attractively connection with σφαραγέομαι referring to the rustling of the sourced ( ἐρι-σφάραγος a.o. of Poseidon; on σφαραγ-: σφρᾶγ- cf. e.g. ταραχ-ή: τρᾶχ-ύς, τέτρηχα). For σφραγίς a similar connection with help of Lith. spróga `crevice' (spróg-ti `explode, burst') was suggested by Prellwitz s.v. and Diehl op. cit. 1 f. (from the bursting of the seal(mass) when pressed in). Also Schwyzer 465 connects σφραγίς wit σφαραγέομαι, but referring to Lat. bulla. One might then consider, whether σφραγίς owes its name to the burning and the accompanying sound; cf. on the one hand Russ. pečátь `seal' as `instrument to brand in signs' (to pekú `bake'), on the other hand the expression σφαραγεῦντο `crackling, hissing' (ι 390) of the eye-roots of he Cyclops when the burning hot wood was pressed in. -- Furnée 324 n 7 takes the word as Pre-Greek for its suffix (-ῑδ).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `seal, seal of a state, impression of a seal, signet, seal-ring, cut stone' (IA.), `sealed field-plot' (pap.). -- Extensively on the meaning of σφραγίς J. Diehl Sphragis. Eine semasiologische Nachlese. Diss. Gießen 1938 (w. lit.); also Kenna JHSt.81, 99ff., Kranz RhM 104, 3ff., 97f.

Derivatives: Dimin. σφραγίδιον n. (Ar., Thphr., inscr.). Denom. verb σφραγ-ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, `to provide with a seal, to seal, to signet, to stamp, to confirm' (IA.) with - ισμα ( ἀντι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-) n. `impression of a seal, sealed document' (E., X., hell. a. late); - ισμός ( ἐπι-, παρα-, περι-) m. `sealing, confirmation' (hell. a. late); ἐν-, ἐπι-σφράγ-ισις m. `sealing' (late); - ιστήριον n. `seal, stamp' (pap.); - ιστής ( ἐπι-, ἀπο-) m. `sealer, witness' (Plu., Luc., pap. a.o.). -- Besides Σφραγίδιον name of a cave ( ἄντρον) of prophesying nymphs on the Kithairon (Paus. 9, 3, 5); there the νύμφαι Σφραγίτιδες Plu. Arist. 11).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S).

Etymology: Formation like κληΐς, κνημίς a.o.; so prob. a secondary deriv. Not certainly explained. For the Σφραγίτιδες νύμφαι Lobeck Paralip. 51 n. 59 assumes attractively connection with σφαραγέομαι referring to the rustling of the sourced ( ἐρι-σφάραγος a.o. of Poseidon; on σφαραγ-: σφρᾶγ- cf. e.g. ταραχ-ή: τρᾶχ-ύς, τέτρηχα). For σφραγίς a similar connection with help of Lith. spróga `crevice' (spróg-ti `explode, burst') was suggested by Prellwitz s.v. and Diehl op. cit. 1 f. (from the bursting of the seal(mass) when pressed in). Also Schwyzer 465 connects σφραγίς wit σφαραγέομαι, but referring to Lat. bulla. One might then consider, whether σφραγίς owes its name to the burning and the accompanying sound; cf. on the one hand Russ. pečátь `seal' as `instrument to brand in signs' (to pekú `bake'), on the other hand the expression σφαραγεῦντο `crackling, hissing' (ι 390) of the eye-roots of he Cyclops when the burning hot wood was pressed in. -- Furnée 324 n 7 takes the word as Pre-Greek for its suffix (-ῑδ).

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