σφάλαι

σφάλλω

make to fall: aor imperat mid 2nd sg (doric)

σφάλλω

make to fall: aor inf act (doric)

σφάλλω

make to fall: aor imperat mid 2nd sg (doric)

σφάλλω

make to fall: aor inf act (doric)

σφά̱λαῑ, σφάλλω

make to fall: aor opt act 3rd sg (doric)

σφάλλω, S.Fr. 192, Hdt.7.16.ά, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

σφᾰλῶ Th.7.67

: [tense] aor. 1 ἔσφηλα, [dialect] Ep.

σφῆλα Od.17.464

, [dialect] Dor.

ἔσφᾱλα Pi.P.8.15

: but the intrans.

ἔσφαλεν LXX Jb.21.10

, Si.13.22, Am.5.2, opt. σφάλαι ib.Jb. 18.7, are prob. forms of a Hellenistic [tense] aor. 1 Εσφᾰλα (presupposing Εσφᾰλον as ἦλθα presupposes ἦλθον, etc.): [tense] pf.

ἔσφαλκα Plb.8.9.2

:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

σφᾰλήσομαι S.Tr. 719

, 1113, Th.3.14, etc.; freq. in med. form σφᾰλοῦμαι, S.Fr. 588, X.Smp.2.26: [tense] aor. ἐσφάλην [ᾰ] Alc.Supp. 27.13 (prob.), Hdt.4.140, Th.8.24, etc.; ἐσφάλθην only in Gal.5.62: [tense] pf.

ἔσφαλμαι E.Andr. 896

, Pl.Cra. 436c: [tense] plpf.

ἔσφαλτο Th.7.47

:— make to fall, overthrow, properly by tripping up, trip up in wrestling,

οὔτ' Ὀδυσεὺς δύνατο σφῆλαι οὔδει τε πελάσσαι Il.23.719

;

οὐδ' ἄρα μιν σφῆλεν βέλος Od.17.464

;

Ἕκτορα Pi.O.2.81

;

ἀλλάλους σφάλλοντι παλαίμασι Theoc.24.112

; [ πώλους] E.Hipp. 1232;

γόνυ τινός Id.Heracl. 128

;

τινὰ γνύξ A.R.3.1310

;

τινὰ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν D.S.14.23

; τὸ μὴ ὑπερπίνειν ἧττον ἂν καὶ σώματα καὶ γνώμας ς. X.Cyr.8.8.10, cf. 1.3.10 ([voice] Pass.); σ. ναῦς throw them on their beam-ends, Plu.Them.14, cf. Polyaen.3.11.13; [ ἵπποι] ἔσφηλαν (gnomic [tense] aor.) τὸν ἀναβάτην throw him, X.Eq.3.9:—[voice] Pass., to be tripped up,

Φρυνίχου παλαίσμασιν Ar. Ra. 689

(troch.); of a drunken man, σφαλλόμενος προσέρχεται reeling, staggering, Id.V. 1324, cf. Heraclit. 117;

σ. ὑπὸ οἴνου X.Lac.5.7

, cf. AP11.26 (Marc. Arg.);

σ. ἵππος Plu.Phil.18

; σ. [ ἱππεύς] is thrown, X. Eq.7.7.

II generally, cause to fall, overthrow,

βία καὶ μεγάλαυχον ἔσφαλεν Pi.P.8.15

;

ἀνθρώπων κακῶν ὁμιλίαι σ. τινά Hdt.7.16

.

ά; σμικροὶ λόγοι ἔσφηλαν ἤδη καὶ κατώρθωσαν βροτούς S.El. 416

;

σφάλλω.. ὅσοι φρονοῦσιν εἰς ἡμᾶς μέγα E.Hipp.6

; [

ὀργὴ] πλεῖστα.. σ. βροτούς Id.Fr.31

; ἡ καταφρόνησις, ἡ ἀπειρία σ. τινά, Th.1.122, 2.87: abs.,

ἀτρεκεῖς ἐπιτηδεύσεις φασὶ σφάλλειν πλέον ἢ τέρπειν E.Hipp. 262

(anap.): also of things,

ἁμαρτίαι σ. τὴν σωτηρίαν S.Fr. 192

;

δειναὶ τύχαι σ. δόμους E.Med. 198

(anap.);

σ. τὰς πόλεις Th.3.37

, etc.;

σ. δίκαν E.Andr. 780

(lyr.); σφάλλων, name of a throw of the dice, Eub.57.5 (s. v.l.):—[voice] Pass., to be overthrown, fall, esp. of persons falling from high fortunes,

σφαλεὶς γὰρ οὐδεὶς εὖ βεβουλεῦσθαι δοκεῖ Chaerem. 26

, cf. S.Tr. 297, 719, E.Fr.262.2, etc.; ἢν σφαλῇ [ ἡ Ἑλλάς] Hdt.7.168; ἢν ἄρα τι σφαλλώμεθα, opp. κατορθοῦν, Th.1.140, cf. Ar. Ra. 736 (troch.), Pl. 351;

σφαλλομένους ἐπανορθῶν X.Mem.2.4.6

;

ταῖς τύχαις σφάλλεσθαι Th.2.87

, cf. 43; ὑπὸ νόσων, ἐρώτων, μέθης ἐσφαλμένος, Pl.R. 396d; ὑπὸ χρόνων τι ς. suffer from length of time, Id.Lg. 769c: c. dat. modi,

σφάλλεσθαι ἀξιόχρεῳ δυνάμει Th.6.10

;

τοῖς ἀγῶσι Id.7.61

;

τοῖς ὅλοις Plb.1.43.8

: with a Prep.,

ἐν τῇ μάχῃ X. HG7.2.2

, cf. Hdt.7.50;

τι ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Pl.Grg. 461d

;

περί τι Id.R. 451a

;

περί τινος Plu.2.164c

: with neut. Adj.,

σφάλλεσθαι ἓν μέγα Pl.Lg. 648e

; ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, κοὐκ ἐμοί, τόδ' ἐσφάλη this mishap took place by means of.., S.Aj. 1136; οὔ τι μὴ σφαλῶ γ' ἐν σοί I shall not fail in thy business, Id.Tr. 621.

III baffle, balk, frustrate, of an oracle, Hdt.7.142;

θεὰ ἤδη μ'.. ἔσφηλεν S.Aj. 452

, cf. E.Alc.34 (anap.), Andr. 223; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ τὴν πόλιν ς. Aeschin.3.125:— [voice] Pass., err, go wrong, be mistaken,

κατὰ γνώμην Hdt.7.52

: abs., S.El. 1481, E.IA 1541, etc.; μῶν ἐσφάλμεθ'; am I mistaken? Id.Andr. 896;

ἡ ψυχὴ πολλὰ σφάλλεται Isoc.1.32

;

γνώμῃ σφαλέντες Th.4.18

; διανοίᾳ ς. Pl.Sph. 229c; so σ. τὴν γνώμην, τὸν λογισμόν, Clearch.23, Plu. Sull.15: c. inf., οὐκ ἂν σφαλείη.. ἑλέσθαι be led astray into choosing, Id.2.711b.

2 [voice] Pass. also, c. gen. rei, to be balked of or foiled in a thing, ἦ καὶ πατήρ τι σφάλλεται βουλευμάτων; A.Eu. 717; γάμων, δόξης, τύχης, E.Or. 1078, Med. 1010, Ph. 758;

τῆς δόξης Th.4.85

;

τοῦ αὐχήματος Id.7.66

, cf. 5.110;

οὐκ ἔσφαλται τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Cra. 436c

;

τῶν πραγμάτων ᾗ ἔχει Id.Hp.Mi. 372b

; ἀνδρός lose him, S.Tr. 1113;

τοῦ παντός Plu.Brut.20

:— σφάλλειν τινὰ ἀπ' ἐλπίδος cast him down from his hope, Luc.Dem.Enc.29.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to bring down, to ruin, to mislead', midd. `to go down, to be ruined, to be mistaken' (IA).

Other forms: Aor. σφῆλαι (Il.), Dor. σφᾶλαι (Pi.), pass. σφᾰλ-ῆναι (- θῆναι Gal.), intr. - αι (LXX; Schwyzer 756), fut. ?-ῶ, pass. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. ἔσφαλ-μαι (IA.), act. - κα (Plb.).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, παρα-.

Derivatives: 1. σφαλ-ερός `slippery, treacherous, staggering' (IA.). 2. - μα n. `fall, accident, misstep, mistake' (IA.), - μός m. `id.' (Aq.) with - μῆσαι ( ἀπο-) `to stumble' (Plb.), σφαλ-μᾳ̃ σκιρτᾳ̃, σφάλλεται H. 3. - σις ( ἀνά-, περί-, ἀμφί-) f. `fall, accident' (Hp., Vett. Val.). 4. - της m. des. of Dionysos "he who brings down" (Lyc.). 5. ἀ-σφαλ-ής, ές, -( έ)ως `not falling, not staggering, firm, safe, reliable' (Il.) with - εια f. (Att.), - ίζομαι, - ίζω (hell. a. late), prob. directly from the verb (cf. Schwyzer 513; σφάλος n. only Trag. Oxy. 676, 16 [uncertain]); thus ἐπι-, περι-, ἀρι-σφαλής a.o. -- On ἄσφαλτος s. v. (folketym. adapted?).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [cf. 929] * (s)gʷʰh₂el-

Etymology: As with πάλλω, σκάλλω the above system of forms can be understood as a pure Greek creation. -- A certain etymology is missing. Instead of the earlier, semant. very attractive connection with Skt. skhálate, -ti `sumble, stagger, err', Arm. sxalem, -im `id.' (Fick 1. 143. 567, Hübschmann Armen. Gr. 1, 490 f.), which requires IE skʷhel- and is therefore coubtful, P. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 149ff. tries to connect σφάλλω with IE * sp(h)el- `split' in σπολάς, ἀσπάλαξ a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.) assuming an orig. meaning *'throw with sticks, put a stop between the legs v. t.' (details in WP. 2, 678 and Pok. 985); phonetically better, but semant. quite hypothetic. Diff., but also doubtful, Thieme KZ 69, 175. Suppositions on anlaut. σφ- in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 194 w. lit. Older lit. in Bq; further W.-Hofmann s. fallō. -- Cf. σφαλός, σφέλας. Rix, Hist. Gramm. d. Griech. 31 assumes * sgʷʰh₂el- with Siebs, which seems possible.

Page in Frisk: 2,827