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41 ἀγαθός
ἀγαθός: good.—Hence (1) of persons, ‘valiant,’ ‘brave,’ ἢ κακὸς ἢ ἀγαθός, Il. 17.632; ‘skilful,’ ἶητῆρ' ἀγαθώ, Il. 2.732, freq. w. acc. of specification or an adv., βοήν, πύξ.—Often ‘noble’ (cf. optimates), opp. χέρηες, Od. 15.324.— (2) of things, ‘excellent,’ ‘useful,’ etc.; ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε, ‘blessing and curse,’ Od. 4.237 ; ἀγαθοῖσι γεραίρειν, ‘honor with choice portions,’ Od. 14.441 ; ἀγαθὰ φρονεῖν, ‘wish one well,’ Od. 1.43; ‘be pure-minded,’ Il. 6.162 ; εἰς ἀγαθόν or ἀγαθὰ εἰπεῖν, ‘speak with friendly intent;’ εἰς ἀγ. πείθεσθαι, ‘follow good counsel.’A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἀγαθός
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42 πυγμή
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > πυγμή
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43 ἄμπυξ
ἄμπυξ, - υκοςGrammatical information: f. m.Meaning: `woman's diadem; horse's bit; rim of a wheel' (Il.)Dialectal forms: Myc. apuke \/ ampukei\/ in a context of horses' harnesses, anapuke \/ anampukes\/ of ἡνίαι, apukowoko \/ ampuk-worgos\/.Compounds: χρυσ-άμπυξ `with golden bit' (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Generally considered as a root noun with ἀμ- = ἀνα- and - πυξ, to πύκα `thickly, solidly', πυκνός, and cognate with Av. pusā (IE *puḱā) `diadem'; Lidén Symb. phil. Danielsson 148ff.; Benveniste BSL 34, CR. 41 (with further Iranian forms, and as loans Toch. psuk `wreath' and Arm. psak `wreath, diadem etc.'). - However, Szemerényi, Gnomon 43, 1972, 655 points out that ἀνά would not fit the meaning; we would rather expect *ἀμφι-πυκ-. As this form would hardly give ἀμπυκ-, the etymology becomes doubtful. Already the notion `thick, solid' seems not fitting. Fur. 317 rejects the etym. because he connects the root with πτύσσω, but this cannot be considered certain. Szemerényi also doubts the connection with Iranian: "If really connected with Iranian pus-..." The etym. always struck me as unconvincing. A word like `ornament' is easily borrowed. If we analyse the word as ἀμπ-υκ-, we have a typical substr. suffix (Beekes in Bammesberger-Venneman 2003).Page in Frisk: 1,96Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄμπυξ
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44 γνύξ
Grammatical information: adv.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [380] *ǵenu- `knee'Etymology: From γόνυ (s. v.) with zero grade and analogal -ξ after πύξ, λάξ etc. (Schwyzer 620). The zero grade of γόνυ and πίπτειν was also seen in some other forms from H. which in fact appear to contain another root, s. γνυπ(ε)τ-. The zero grade of γόνυ is found in πρόχνυ `kneeling' and metaph. `utterly' (Il.); the aspiration is not well explained; cf. Av. fra-šnu- `with the knees forward', Mayrhofer, EWAia 1, 585. The zero grade prob. also in Hitt. ganut.Page in Frisk: 1,317Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γνύξ
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45 ἱμάς-
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `leathern strap, for drawing, lashing etc., thong of a sandal, of a door etc.', as building term `beam' (Il.; Delebecque Cheval 63, 187f.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἱμαντ-ελίκται pl. "pricker of tapes-", name of the sophists in Democr. 150, ἱμαντελιγμός name of a game (Poll. 9, 118), compounds of ἱμάντας ἑλίσσειν, cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 244 w. n. 1.Derivatives: Diminut. ἱμάντιον (Hp.), ἱμαντ-άριον (Delos IIa a. o.), - ίδιον (EM), - ίσκος (Herod.); adj. ἱμάντινος `of ropes' (Hdt., Hp.), ἱμαντώδης `rope-like' (Pl., Dsc., Gal.); denomin. verbs: 1. ἱμάσσω, aor. ἱμάσαι a) `lash' (Il.) with ἱμάσθλη `lash, whip' (Il.); also μάσθλης (through cross with μάστιξ?, cf. on μαίο-μαι; diff. on ἱμάσσω, ἱμάσθλη Schwyzer 533, 725 n. 3, Belardi Maia 2, 274ff.); b) `provide with ἱμάντες, i. e. beams' only in ἱμασσια `beams?' (IG 4, 823, 26, Troizen IVa; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 149 w. n. 1, Bechtel Dial. 2, 510, Scheller Oxytonierung 113 n. 1). 2. ἱμάσκω `wallop' (`fetter'?; Del.3 409, 7; cf. Brugmann IF 29, 214). 3. ἱμαντόω `provide with ἱμάντες, i. e. bed-clothes' in ἱμαντωμένην κλίνην (H. s. πυξ\< ίνην\>; from there ἱμάντωσις (LXX, Poll.), ἱμάντωμα H. - Besides, independent of ἱμάς, but cognate with it: 1. ἱμαῖος (sc. ᾠδή), ἱμαῖον ( μέλος, ᾳ῏σμα) `song at water scooping' (Call., Tryphon, Suid.) with ἱμαοιδός (haplolog. for ἱμαιο-αοιδός) `who sings an ἱμαῖον' (Poll., H.); 2. ἱμάω `bring (water) up with a ropel (from a well)', also metaph. (Arist., Ath.), usually ἀν-, καθ-ιμάω (Ar., X.) with ἱμητήρ ( κάδος, Delos IIa), ἱμητήριος (H. s. ἱβανατρίς), ἀν-, καθ-ίμησις (Plu.); 3. ἱμονιά `well-rope' (Com., Ph., Luc. a. o.; Scheller Oxytonierung 75f.); 4. ἱμανήθρη `id.' s. v.Etymology: As secondary formation in - ντ- (Schwyzer 526, esp. Kretschmer Glotta 14, 99f.) ἱμάς supposes a noun, that is found also in ἱμάω, ἱμαῖος, so e.g. *ἱμᾱ `rope' ( ἱμαῖος from ἱμάω like δαμαῖος from δαμάζω?; cf. Chantr. Form. 48f.); beside it we find in ἱμον-ιά (as in καθ-, κατ-ιμονεύει καθίησι, καθιεῖ H., if not free formed to ἱμονιά) an ν-stem, prob. *ἱμων; thus ἱμανήθρη through *ἱμανάω, perh. *ἱμαίνω goes back on *ἱμάνη (cf. πλεκτάνη, ἀρτάνη; this seems quite doubtful, however), or *ἷμα; cf. e. g. γνώμη: γνῶμα: γνώμων. Note the changing quantity of the anlauting vowel: against length in ἱμονιά, ἱμανήθρη, καθ-ιμάω stands a short in ἱμαῖος, mostly also in ἱμάς (except Φ 544, Κ 475 a. o., cf. Schulze Q. 181, 466 n. 1) with compp. and derivv. The change cannot go back on old ablaut (as Frisl says), but it will continue * sh₁i-, which with metathesis (to * sih₁m-) gives a long, without a short vowel; see Schrijver, Laryngals in Latin 519ff, who supposes that a stressed form resulted in the long vowel. With *ἱ̄μων agrees exactly a Germ. word for `rope', e. g. OWNo. sīmi, OS sīmo m.; with deviant meaning Skt. sīmán- m. f. `skull, boundary', IE * sī-mon-, sī-men- (note that for Germ. also * seh₁i-m- is possible); formally identical are *ἱμᾱ and Skt. sīmā f. `boundary'; an m-suffix also in Irish sim `chain'. The primary verb `bind' is still seen in Indo-Iranian, Baltic and Hittite, e. g. Skt. sy-ati, si-nā́-ti, Ptz. sĭ-ta-, Lith. sienù, siẽti, Hitt. išh̯ii̯a-, 3. sg. išh̯āi. The nominal derivv. are very numerous, a. o. OHG NHG seil (uncertain hypotheses in Specht Ursprung 227). More forms Pok. 891f. - (The group ἰβάνη, ἴβανος etc. (s. v. and s. εἴβω) is rather Pre-Greek (Kuiper Μνήμης χάριν 1, 212f.).Page in Frisk: 1,724-725Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱμάς-
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46 λάξ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `with the foot' (Il.);Compounds: as 1. member in λακ-πατέω (for λαξ-π.; Schwyzer 324) `tread (with the foot), trample underfoot' (Pherecr. 136, S. Ant. 1275 as v. l.; cf. λεω-πάτητος s. λεῖος); isolated (as sec. backformation) subst. = λάκτισμα (H.), `sole of the foor' (sch. A. R. 2, 106), s. Thierfelder SächsAbh. 43: 2, 42 A.3.Derivatives: λάγ-δην = λάξ (S. Fr. 683, 3). Denomin. verbs. 1. λακτίζω, also with prefix, e. g. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, `kick with the foot, the hoof' (Od.); rather after the verbs in - τίζω as with Schwyzer 620 from *λακτι; from it λάκτισμα (A., S.; λάκτιμα pap., H.; Schwyzer 217, Arbenz 105), ( ἐκ-)λακτισμός (H.) `treading, pushing'; - ιστής `who kicks with the foot' (X.), - ιστική, sc. τέχνη (in boxing; late). 2. λάξας = λακτίσας (Lyc. 137; λάζειν ἐξυβρίζειν H.) with λαχμός = λακτισμός (Antim.); λάκτις f. `pounder' (Call., Nic.; or backformation from λακτίζω?; on the formation Schwyzer 270).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Formed as πύξ, γνύξ, ὀδάξ a. o. (Schwyzer 620, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 250); not certainly explained. Semantically adequate is the connection with Lat. calx `heel'; λάξ then from *κλάξ dissimilated? (Schulze BerlSb. 1921, 295 = Kl. Schr. 259; also Specht Glotta 31, 128 n. 1). Diff. Bezzenberger BB 4, 318f.: to Lith. lakstùs `fleeting, stormy', lekiù, lẽkti `fly, run', to which also (Fick 1, 539, Bechtel Lex. s. λακτίζω) ληκᾶν τὸ πρὸς ᾠδην ὀρχεῖσθαι H.; further ληκῆσαι, λακῆσαι πατάξαι H. and several expressions for `limbs etc.', e. g. Lat. lacertus `upperarm' (Bq, WP. 2, 420f., Pokorny 673, Fraenkel Wb. s. lẽkti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. letétъ). The last group must anyhow be kept separated for the meaning; also the Lith. words and ληκᾶν deviate strongly semantically. Remain ληκῆσαι, λακῆσαι; the interpretation πατάξαι can be interpreted in diff. ways. - The word for `salmon', OHG lahs etc., adduced by Paul WuS N. F. 2, 40 ("the swift one, the jumper"), has a palatal ḱ (Russ. losósъ) and annot therefore be ombined with Lith. lakstùs. - No good IE etym; is it Pre-Greek? See on ὀδάξ.Page in Frisk: 2,82-83Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λάξ
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47 λίσπος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: prob. `smooth, polished, flat' (Ar. Ra. 826, γλῶσσα); αἱ λίσπαι as word for half of a dice, used by two friends as a tally (Pl. Smp. 193 a), also οἱ λίσποι (Suid.); aspirated form λίσφος (acc. to Moer. and Tz. Attic), λίσφοι = τὰ ἰσχία (EM 567, 20).Compounds: Compp. λισπό-πυγος (- πυξ) `with smooth (flat) buttocks' (Phryn., Poll., sch.), ὑπό-λισπος (- φος) `below or a little smooth, polished, flat', esp. of the buttocks and hips (Ar. Eq. 1368, Philostr., Poll.).Derivatives: Denomin. λισφώσασθαι ἐλαττώσασθαι H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Popular word, recalling λισσός (hardly from this through cross with a diff. word); cf. WP. 2, 390, W.-Hofmann s. līma. An IE *slik-skʷ(h)o-s (Bq) is improbable. Fur. cites λίσφος, λέσφος, typical of a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,129Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λίσπος
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48 ὀκλάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to prostrate, to crouch on ones heels, to squat', metaph. `to sink, to abate', trans. `to abate' (N 281, Hld.).Other forms: aor. ὀκλάσαι (S.).Derivatives: ὄκλα-σις f. `crouching' (Hp., Luc.), - σμα n. name of a Persian dance (Ar. Fr. 344 b); also ὀκλα-δίας m. `camp stool' (Att. inscr., Ar.), - δία = ὄκλασις (Suid.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 40), - δόν (A. R., Nonn.), - δις (Hdn. Gr.), - διστί (Babr.) adv. `crouchingly, squattingly, prostratingly'; ὀκλάξ adv. `id.' (Hp., Pherecr.; after γνύξ, πύξ etc.); Ὄκλασος m. PN (sch.; like Δάμασος a.o., s. Chantraine Form. 435).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As basis of ὀκλάζω can not only a noun (*ὄκλος, *ὀκλή, *ὀκλάς?), but also a verb *ὀκλάω ( δαμάω: δαμάζω) have served (cf. Schwyzer 734). Therefore prop. with Prellwitz s. v. *ὀ-κλάω, - άζω like NHG zusammen-brechen, also of the knees ( ὀκλα-δ-ίας etc. like κλά-δ-ος, κλα-δ-αρός)? -- After Frisk IF 49, 99 f. to κῶλον, σκέλος; morpholog. unconvincing. -- Note the H.-glosses κλωκυδά τὸ καθῆσθαι ἐπ' ἀμφοτέροις ποσίν, ὀκκῦλαι τὸ ὀκλάσαι καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πτερ\<ν\> ῶν καθίζεσθαι.Page in Frisk: 2,373Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀκλάζω
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49 προίξ
προίξ, προικόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `gift, present' (ν 15, ρ 413 [gen.]; cf. below), `dowry' (Att. [Sommer Nominalkomp. 94], also late pap. as archaising expression of the juridical language [Chantraine Mél. Maspero 2, 222 f.]); acc. προῖκα as adv. `gratuitous, for free' (Att.; thus prob. the gen. προικός ν 15).Compounds: ἄ-προικος `without dowry' (Att.; Sommer l.c.).Derivatives: Dimin. προικ-ίδιον n. (Plu.); adj. - ίδιος `forming a gift' (Ph.), - ιμαῖος `id.' (pap. VIp), `gratuitous' (D. C.), - ιος `gratuitous' (AP); verb - ίζω 'to provide with a dowry' (D. S., Ph. a.o.). -- Besides προ-ΐκτης m. `beggar' (ρ 352 u. 449), - ΐσσομαι `to ask, beg for a gift' (Archil. 130). Here also the fut. κατα-προΐξομαι in οὐ καταπροΐξεται `he shall not get away for free, remain unpunished' etc. (IA. com.).Etymology: Archaic word that died away soon, in late lit. partly revivified. -- Formation like ἄμ-πυξ, ἄν-τυξ, πρόσ-φυξ a.o., so prop. πρό-ϊξ (πρόϊκα with dieresis Ion. after EM 495, 33), from a verb with prefix, which is also the basis of προΐκ-της; the yot-present προ-ΐσσομαι can be either primary or a denominative of προίξ. -- Prop. *stretching forth (of the hand), presentation", to Lith. síekiu, síekti a.o. `stretch forth (the hand), reach'; προΐκ-της prop. `who stretches forth the hand'; cf. προτείνω χεῖρα καὶ προΐσσομαι (Archil. 130). -- Further s. ἵκω; diff. Jacobsohn Gnomon 2, 385 ( προίξ prop. *"what is wanted, implored"; cf. on ἴκμενος).Page in Frisk: 2,598-599Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > προίξ
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50 προικός
προίξ, προικόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `gift, present' (ν 15, ρ 413 [gen.]; cf. below), `dowry' (Att. [Sommer Nominalkomp. 94], also late pap. as archaising expression of the juridical language [Chantraine Mél. Maspero 2, 222 f.]); acc. προῖκα as adv. `gratuitous, for free' (Att.; thus prob. the gen. προικός ν 15).Compounds: ἄ-προικος `without dowry' (Att.; Sommer l.c.).Derivatives: Dimin. προικ-ίδιον n. (Plu.); adj. - ίδιος `forming a gift' (Ph.), - ιμαῖος `id.' (pap. VIp), `gratuitous' (D. C.), - ιος `gratuitous' (AP); verb - ίζω 'to provide with a dowry' (D. S., Ph. a.o.). -- Besides προ-ΐκτης m. `beggar' (ρ 352 u. 449), - ΐσσομαι `to ask, beg for a gift' (Archil. 130). Here also the fut. κατα-προΐξομαι in οὐ καταπροΐξεται `he shall not get away for free, remain unpunished' etc. (IA. com.).Etymology: Archaic word that died away soon, in late lit. partly revivified. -- Formation like ἄμ-πυξ, ἄν-τυξ, πρόσ-φυξ a.o., so prop. πρό-ϊξ (πρόϊκα with dieresis Ion. after EM 495, 33), from a verb with prefix, which is also the basis of προΐκ-της; the yot-present προ-ΐσσομαι can be either primary or a denominative of προίξ. -- Prop. *stretching forth (of the hand), presentation", to Lith. síekiu, síekti a.o. `stretch forth (the hand), reach'; προΐκ-της prop. `who stretches forth the hand'; cf. προτείνω χεῖρα καὶ προΐσσομαι (Archil. 130). -- Further s. ἵκω; diff. Jacobsohn Gnomon 2, 385 ( προίξ prop. *"what is wanted, implored"; cf. on ἴκμενος).Page in Frisk: 2,598-599Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > προικός
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51 πῡγή
πῡγήGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `behind, rump' (Archil.).Compounds: Several compp., e.g. πυγο-στόλος `decorating the rump' (Hes.; Martinazzoli Par. del Pass. 15, 209ff.), κατά-πυγος (H., Phot.) with - πυγότερος, - πυγότατος (Sophr., Epigr. Gr.), and - πύγων, - ωνος m. `voluptuous, lewd' (Arist.); f. κατα-πύγαινα (Att. amphora; Ed. Fraenkel Glotta 34, 42ff. w. lit.); on the insect-name πυγο-λαμπίς (Arist.) s. Strömberg Wortstud. 13f.Derivatives: 1. Diminutives πυγ-ίον n. (Tab. Defix.), - ίδιον n. (Ar.); 2. subst. πυγ-αῖον n. `the behind' (Hp., Arist.), - εών, - ῶνος m. `buttocks, arse (Hippon. 92; after κενεών, cf. Masson ad loc.); 3. Adv. - ηδόν `with the behind foremost, arse to arse' (Arist.), - ιστί meaning unclear (Hippon. 92; cf. Masson ad loc..); 4. Verb - ίζω `paedico' (Ar.) with - ισμα (Theoc.). Hypostasis ἐμ-πύγ-ια n. pl. `behind, region of the buttocks' (pap. Ia).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Word of everyday-language, completely avoided by feeling of decency in the ep. poetry and the higher lit. (Wackernagel Unt. 225 f.). -- No convincing etymology. The phonetic identity with Skt. pūga- `multitude, mass' etc. (Wood IF 18, 29, Persson Beitr. 1, 244 f.) does not mean much; s. Mayrhofer s.v. and below on πύννος. After Holthausen IF 20, 329 however to πύξ, πυγμή (s.v.) like NHG Steiß to stoßen, semant. certainly acceptable, but nevertheless, a. o. because of the vowellength, doubtful. Diff. Bezzenberger BB 27, 176f. (to πύματος etc.; s.v.). Combinations with German. to be rejected by Holthausen KZ 74,244. -- Prob. a Pre-Greek word (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,618-619Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῡγή
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52 πύκα
Grammatical information: Adv.Meaning: `dense, solid', metaph. `careful, sensible' (Hom.).Derivatives: Beside it πυκάζω, Dor. - άσδω (Theoc.), aor. πυκά-σ(σ)αι, pass. - σθῆναι, perf. midd. πεπύκασμαι, quite rarely with περι- a.o., `to tighten, to enclose tightly, to encase compactly, to cover' (ep. poet., late prose) with πύκασμα n. `encased, covered object' (Sm.). Adj. πυκνός, ep. lyr. also πυκινός, `dense, solid, compacted, numerous, strong, brave, clever' (Il.), often as 1. member, e.g. πυκνό-σαρκος `with solid flesh' (Hp., Arist.). From it πυκν-ότης f. `density, closeness etc.' (IA.), - άκις = πολλάκις (Arist.), - όω `to make dense, to tighten etc.' (IA.) with - ωμα, - ωσις, - ωτικός; - άζω `to be numerous' (EM, Gloss.). As 1. member πυκι- in πυκι-μηδής (- μήδης) = μήδεα πυκνά (Γ 202, 208) ἔχων, `with close mind, considerate, sensible' (α 438, h. Cer., Q. S.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.). -- On ἄμπυξ s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The forms πύκα: πυκνός: πυκι-μηδής form a system; with πύκα: πυκνός cf. esp. the in meaning close θαμά: θάμνος (s. vv.). To this πυκινός (after πυκι-μηδής?) like (he analog. built?) θαμινός, ἁδινός a.o. (Schwyzer 490). To be rejected Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 82 ff., 87 ff. (also on the etymology): πυκνός, θάμνος from πυκινός, *θάμυνος syncopated. The further analysis is hypothetic. The pair of words that certainly belong together ἄμ-πυξ: Av. pus-ā `diadem' [but see my doubts s.v.], which agrees with πρόσ-φυξ: φυγ-η, points to a primary verb IE *puḱ- `fasten etc.' (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 849), which in Greek was replaced by πυκάζω. As denominative of πύκα without doubt explainable (Schwyzer 734), πυκάζω because of the very limited use of πύκα can as well be understood as a formal enlargement of the older primary present. -- Against adducing Alb. puth `I kiss', puthtohem `clothe myself narrow, string myself, embrace' (since G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 356) Szemerényi l.c. Toch. A puk `all, complete, every' remains far already because the B-form po; cf. v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v. -- The evidence for IE *puḱ- (Pok. 849) is very meagre; Furnée 317 assumes that πυκνός etc. is Pre-Greek, but on quite meagre evidence.Page in Frisk: 2,622-623Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύκα
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53 στέφω
στέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,794-795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέφω
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54 πυγμή
πυγμή, ῆς, ἡ① fist (so Eur., Hippocr. et al.; PPetr III, 22 (e) 2 [III B.C.]; LXX) in a difficult pass. ἐὰν μὴ πυγμῇ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας lit. unless they wash their hands with (the) fist Mk 7:3 (where the v.l. πυκνά [s. πυκνός] is substituted for π. [Vulgate crebro], thus alleviating the difficulty by focusing on the vigor of the action. Itala codex d has ‘primo’ [on this and other Itala readings s. AJülicher, Itala II ’40, p. 59]). The procedure is variously described and interpreted as a washing: ‘in which one clenched fist is turned about in the hollow of the other hand’, or ‘up to the elbow’ or ‘the wrist’, or ‘with a handful’ of water. FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 232f thinks of it simply as a rubbing w. the dry hand. Whatever the actual motion may have been, the emphasis is on the cultic devotion of those who engage in the lustral act.—Palladius, Hist. Laus. 55 νίψασθαι τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας πυγμῇ ὕδατι ψυχροτάτῳ. CTorrey, ZAW 65, ’53, 233f.—For lit. s. βαπτίζω 1.—Field, Notes 30f; Goodsp., Probs. 59f; MBlack, Aramaic Approach2, ’53, 8f; PWeis, NTS 3, ’56/57, 233–36 (Aramaic); SReynolds, JBL 85, ’66, 87f (with cupped hands; against him MHengel, ZNW 60, ’69, 182–98; reply by Reynolds ibid. 62, ’71, 295f).② fist-fight, boxing (Hom. et al.; ins; Tat. 4, 1; 26, 3) more generally (Jos., Ant. 14, 210) ἐν μέσῳ τῆς πυγμῆς in the midst of the fight B 12:2.—DELG s.v. πύξ I. M-M. TW. -
55 πυκτεύω
См. также в других словарях:
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