κτίσμα

κτίσμα

colony: neut nom /voc /acc sg

κτίσμα, ατος, τό (s. two prec. entries and next entry; Polyb. 4, 70, 3; Dionys. Hal. 1, 59; Strabo 7, 5, 5; Vett. Val. 213, 6; SIG 799, 7 [38 A.D.]; PGM 7, 483; BGU 3, 19; LXX, pseudepigr.; Just.; Iren. 1, 5, 4 [Harv. I 48, 2] in gnostic speculation; loanw. in rabb.) in our lit. always (as Wsd 9:2; 13:5; 14:11; Sir 36:14; 38:34; 3 Macc 5:11; EpArist 17; Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 93, 3]; Did., Gen. 220, 28) product of creative action, that which is created (by God), creature (created by God) πᾶν κ. θεοῦ καλόν everything created by God is good 1 Ti 4:4. πᾶν κ. ὅ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ every creature in heaven Rv 5:13.—Pl., of the components of creation (TestAbr B 7 p. 12, 8 [Stone p. 72] τὰ κτίσματα ἃ ἐκτίσατο … ὁ θεός; TestJob 47:11; Herm. Wr. 1, 18 πάντα τὰ κ.; Sextus 439; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 46, 39; Did., Gen. 109, 25) Dg 8:3.—τὰ κ. τὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Rv 8:9.—τὰ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ what God has created Hv 3, 9, 2; m 8:1; humankind is lord of it 12, 4, 3. The Christians are ἀπαρχή τις τῶν αὐτοῦ κ. a kind of first-fruits of (God’s) creatures (here κ. is to be thought of as referring chiefly to human beings; for a similar restriction in the use of κτίσις s. that entry 2) Js 1:18.—DELG s.v. κτίζω. M-M. TW. Sv.

-ατος ⁺ τό N 3 0-0-0-0-6=6 3 Mc 5,11; Wis 9,2; 13,5; 14,11; Sir 36,14

creation Sir 38,34; creature Wis 9,2; neol.?

κτίσ-μα, ατος, τό,

A colony, foundation, Call.Aet.Oxy.2080.77;

Παρίων Str.7.5.5

, cf. D.H.1.59;

Λακωνικὸν κ. Str.5.3.6

; also, of a temple, J.BJ2.6.1: generally, building, PSI1.84.8 (pl., iv/v A.D.).

2 = κτίσις 11, LXX Wi.9.2 (pl.), 3 Ma.5.11, Ep.Jac.1.18.

II = κτίσις 1.1, Eust.1382.50.

κτίσμα

colony: neut gen pl

κτίσμα

colony: neut dat pl

κτίσμα

colony: neut dat pl

κτίσμα

colony: neut nom /voc /acc pl

κτίσμα

colony: neut dat sg

κτίσμα

colony: neut gen sg

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `found, lay out, build, create' (Emp.).

Other forms: aor. κτίσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. κτισθῆναι (IA.), fut. κτίσω (A.), perf. midd. ἔκτισμαι (Hdt.), act. ἔκτικα (hell.; on the reduplication Schwyzer 649).

Dialectal forms: Myc. (meta-)kitita \/meta-ktitās\/, koto(i)na) \/ktoinā\/.

Compounds: Also with prefix, e.g. συν-, ἐπι-, ἀνα-.

Derivatives: κτίσις f. `foundation, creation' (Pi., IA.; cf. below), κτιστύς f. `foundation' (Hdt. 9, 97; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 72), κτίσμα `foundation, colony, building' (hell.), κτισμός `foundation' (Asia Minor., Empire); - κτίστωρ `founder' (Pi., E.), κτιστήρ `id.' (Corinth, IV^a), f. κτίστρια (Asia Minor, Empire), κτίστης `founder, builder' (Arist.) with κτίστιον (- εῖον) `temple of a founder' (pap. IV^p), older συγκτίστης `co-founder' (Hdt. 5, 46) ; κτιστός `laid out, founded' (h. Ap. 299, pap.; Zumbach Neuerungen 26); n. κτιστόν `building' (pap.). - Further several formations, with the intransitive meaning `live, abide' and thus outside the system: ἐυ κτίμενος `where you can live well' (Hom.); περι-κτί-ονες pl. `those living around, neighbours' (Il.), ἀμφι-κτί-ονες `id.' (Pi.), also as PN (Att. inscr. V<sup>a</sup>), besides - κτύονες (Hdt., inscr. IV<sup>a</sup>) with unclear υ (cf. Hoffmann Dial. 3, 290); περι-κτί-ται pl. `id.' (λ 288), after it as simplex κτί-ται `id.' (E. Or. 1621), κτίτης = κτίστης (Delph. II<sup>a</sup>); ἐΰ-κτι-τος = ἐυ κτίμενος (Β 592), ὀρεί-κτι-τος `living in the mountains' (Pi.); but e.g. θεό-κτι-τος `founded by the gods' (Sol.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 44; there (and 1, 179 f.) also on κτίστωρ. - On itself stands with diff. ablaut Rhod. κτοίνα (also πτοίνα with unexplained πτ-) name of an admin. region in Rhodos (Myc. koto(i)na) with κτοινᾶται, - έται (s. Fraenkel 1,207; 2, 126).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [626] * tkei- `settle, found'

Etymology: With περι-κτί-ται agrees but for the lengthening ā-stem Skt. pari-kṣí-t-'living round about', with ( ἐΰ)-κτιτος Av. ( ana)- šita- `uninhabited'. Besides stands the athemat. root-present Skt. kṣé-ti, pl. kṣi-y-ánti (= Myc. ki-ti-je-si [trans.]) - Av. šaēiti, šyeinti `live'. An agreeing athematic ptc. is κτί-μενος. The transitive-causative meaning `make as living, found', which is a Greek innovation, started from the aorist κτίσ(σ)αι, which arose beside an intransitive root-aorist (still preserved in κτί-μενος), like ἔ-στη-σα to ἔ-στη-ν (s. ἵστημι). To κτίσ(σ)αι arose κτίζω, and to these the other forms (Schwyzer 674 a. 716, Wackernagel Unt. 77). κτί-σις too has an exact parallel in Skt. kṣi-tí-, Av. ši-ti- `living (place)', but the deviant meaning makes it as innovation to κτίζω suspect (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 95 n. 5). With κτοίνα agrees, except for the i-stem, Arm. šēn, gen. šini `inhabited (place)'. - Cf. Bq and Pok. 626. As with κτείνω we now assume * tkei-. Cf. κτίλος.

Page in Frisk: 2,34-35

καλός, ή, όν (Hom.+; pert. to meeting high standards or expectations of appearance, kind, or quality) superl. κάλλιστος, η, ον (Diod S 5, 13, 1; JosAs 14:17 cod. A; ApcSed 11:4 p. 134, 14 Ja. καλλίστατε; Jos., Ant. 16, 142; Just., D. 20, 3; Tat. 28, 1).

① pert. to being attractive in outward appearance, beautiful, handsome, fine in outward appearance λίθοι κ. beautiful stones Lk 21:5. Of pers. (Lucian, Tim. 16, Dial. Mort. 1, 3) Hv 3, 13, 1; Hs 9, 3, 1.

② pert. to being in accordance at a high level w. the purpose of someth. or someone, good, useful.

ⓐ of things τόπον καλὸν ἀνακεχωρηκότα a beautiful remote place Hv 3, 1, 3; in the phys. sense free from defects, fine, precious opp. σαπρός (PLond II, 356, 4ff p. 252 [I A.D.]; TestJob 7:5 ἄρτον [opp. κεκαιμένον]) of fish Mt 13:48; superl. τὰ κάλλιστα the especially good ones vs. 48 D. Of a tree and its fruit 12:33; Lk 6:43. Opp. πονηρός of fruits Mt 7:17ff. Otherw. of fruits (Menand., Mon. 303 Mei. [402 J.] καρπός) 3:10; Lk 3:9; Hs 2, 4. ἀμπελῶνες m 10, 1, 5. τράγοι B 7:6, 10. γῆ good soil Mt 13:8, 23; Mk 4:8, 20; Lk 8:15. σπέρμα Mt 13:24, 27, 37f. οἶνος J 2:10ab; Hm 12, 5, 3. μαργαρῖται fine pearls Mt 13:45. Subst. (Epict. 1, 12, 12 καλόν τι ἐλευθερία ἐστί) καλὸν τὸ ἅλας salt is a good thing Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34. ἔργον something useful Hs 5, 2, 7.—Superl. of Polycarp’s writings συγγράμματα κάλλιστα most excellent writings EpilMosq 2.

ⓑ of moral quality (opp. αἰσχρός IAndrosIsis, Kyme 32) good, noble, praiseworthy, contributing to salvation etc. ἔργον καλόν, ἔργα καλά (Hippocr., Ep. 27, 30; Athen. 1, 15 p. 8f ἐν τοῖς καλοῖς ἔργοις; SibOr 3, 220) Mt 5:16; 26:10; Mk 14:6; J 10:32f; 1 Ti 5:10, 25; 6:18; Tit 2:7, 14; 3:8ab, 14; Hb 10:24; 1 Pt 2:12; 2 Pt 1:10 v.l.; 2 Cl 12:4. λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cl 13:3. καλόν: ἐν καλῷ Gal 4:18b; cp. Pol 6:3. (Opp. κακόν) διάκρισις καλοῦ τε καὶ κακοῦ Hb 5:14 (Sext. Emp., Pyrrh. 3, 168 διάκρισις τῶν τε καλῶν κ. κακῶν). (τὸ) κ. (opp. κακ.) ποιεῖν (2 Ch 14:1; 31:20) Ro 7:21; 2 Cor 13:7. Without the contrast w. κακ. Gal 6:9; Js 4:17; 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17); Dg 4:3. κατεργάζεσθαι Ro 7:18. ἐργάζεσθαι B 21:2. καλὰ προνοεῖσθαι ἐνώπιόν τινος (Pr 3:4) Ro 12:17; sim. 2 Cor 8:21.—ἀναστροφή (cp. 2 Macc 6:23) Js 3:13; 1 Pt 2:12. συνείδησις Hb 13:18 (cp. PRein 52, 5 οὐ καλῷ συνειδότι χρώμενοι); φόβος 1 Cl 21:8; νουθέτησις 56:2; νηστεία Hs 5, 3, 5; μαρτυρία κ. a good reputation 1 Ti 3:7. ἐν καρδίᾳ καλῇ κ. ἀγαθῇ in a noble and good heart Lk 8:15 (w. ἀγ., as freq. in Gr-Rom. wr. to characterize exceptional citizens [s. καλοκἀγαθία], also Jos., Ant. 4, 67; 10, 188 al.; Just., A II, 2, 7 al.). Of the law morally unobjectionable (Maximus Tyr. 20, 9a) Ro 7:16; cp. 1 Ti 1:8. ἐντολαί Hm 12, 3, 4; Hs 6, 1, 1f. οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν 1 Cor 5:6. τοῦτο καλὸν καὶ ἀπόδεκτον ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ 1 Ti 2:3; 5:4 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 7:3; 21:1; 60:2; 61:2; Pol 6:1 (Pr 3:4). πολυτέλεια καλὴ καὶ ἱλαρά Hs 1, 10. λειτουργία 5, 3, 8. Superl.: of martyrs ὑπόδειγμα κάλλιστον finest example 1 Cl 6:1.

ⓒ in any respect unobjectionable, blameless, excellent.

α. of pers. κύριος B 7:1; cp. 19:11 (καλό of God: Celsus 4, 14). μαθητής IPol 2:1. ἱερεῖς IPhld 9:1. διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰ. 1 Ti 4:6a. οἰκονόμος 1 Pt 4:10. στρατιώτης Χρ. Ἰ. 2 Ti 2:3. ποιμήν J 10:11ab, 14. ἀνταποδότης D 4:7.

β. of things μέτρον good, full measure Lk 6:38. θεμέλιος 1 Ti 6:19. βαθμός 3:13. ἔργον someth. helpful, beneficial 3:1. διδασκαλία 4:6b. παραθήκη 2 Ti 1:14. ὁμολογία 1 Ti 6:12b, 13. ἀγών 6:12a; 2 Ti 4:7. στρατεία 1 Ti 1:18. κτίσμα (3 Macc 5:11) 4:4. πλάσμα B 6:12. σκεῦος 21:8. βάπτισμα ApcPt Rainer 4. καλὸν θεοῦ ῥῆμα (cp. Josh 21:45; 23:15; Zech 1:13) Hb 6:5. τὸ καλὸν ὄνομα τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς Js 2:7 (in a Pompeian graffito [Dssm., LO 237; LAE 277] a lover speaks of the καλὸν ὄνομα of his beloved). οὐδὲν φαινόμενον καλόν (ἐστιν) IRo 3:3. πάντα ὁμοῦ κ. ἐστιν IPhld 9:2. τὸ καλόν what passes the test 1 Th 5:21.

ⓓ The term καλόν (ἐστιν) in the gener. sense it is good qualifies items that fit under one of the preceding clasifications (Pr 17:26.—כָּלָן=καλόν loanw. in rabb.).

α. it is pleasant, desirable, advantageous (Jos., Bell. 4, 163) Mt 17:4; 18:8f; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33.—1 Cor 7:26a.

β. it is morally good, pleasing to God, contributing to salvation 1 Cor 7:1 (cp. Gen 2:18), 8, 26b; Hb 13:9.—οὐ καλόν Mt 15:26; Mk 7:27.

γ. καλόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον it is better for him Mk 9:42; cp. 1 Cor 9:15. καλόν (σοί) ἐστιν … ἤ it is a(n) (greater) advantage (for you) …, than (cp. Jon 4:3; ApcEsdr 1:6 p. 24, 13) Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47 (s. B-D-F §190, 2). καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ it would have been better for him Mt 26:24; Mk 14:21 v.l. (B-D-F §358, 1; 360, 1). Without copula Mk 14:21; 1 Cl 51:3; IRo 6:1; 2 Cl 16:4.—That which is good or better is added in the inf., which forms the subject of καλόν ἐστιν (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 13 §46 καλὸν εἴη τινὶ θνῄσκειν; Polyaenus 8, 9, 2; Jos., Bell. 1, 650; 4, 163) Mt 15:26; 18:8f; Mk 7:27; Gal 4:18a; Hm 6, 2, 9; also the articular inf. (Menand., Monost. 283; 291 [396; 410 J.] καλὸν τὸ θνῄσκειν al.). κ. τὸ μὴ φαγεῖν κρέα Ro 14:21; 1 Cor 7:26b; IEph 15:1; IRo 2:2; Pol 5:3; MPol 11:1; w. acc. and inf. ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33; cp. Mk 9:43, 45, 47; B 21:1; with εἰ (ApcSed 4:2) Mt 26:24 (1Cl 46:8); Mk 9:42; 14:21; with ἐάν 1 Cor 7:8. S. B-D-F §409, 3; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT ’62, 76–78.—B. 1176; 1191. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

μικρός, ά, όν (‘small’ Hom.+) comp. μικρότερος, έρα, ον

① pert. to a relatively limited size, measure, or quantity, small, short

ⓐ of stature Lk 19:3. Perh. also Ἰάκωβος ὁ μικρός (ὁ μ. after a person’s name: Aristoph., Ran. 708; X., Mem. 1, 4, 2; Aristot., Pol. 5, 10 p. 1311b, 3; Diog. L. 1, 79 of a ‘younger’ Pittacus; Sb 7576, 6 [I A.D.]; 7572, 10 [II A.D.]) Mk 15:40 (s. Ἰάκωβος 3). This pass. may possibly belong to

ⓑ of age. Subst.: the little one, the child (ὁ μικρός Menand., Sam. 39f; PLond 893, 7 [40 A.D.]; PFay 113, 14. ἡ μικρά PLond III, 899, 6 p. 208 [II A.D.]) Mt 18:6, 10, 14.—For the designation of all the members of a group as μικροὶ κ. μεγάλοι, etc. cp. μέγας 1d: Ac 8:10; 26:22; Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34); Rv 11:18; 13:16; 19:5, 18; 20:12.

ⓒ of distance. Adv.: a short distance, a little way (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 15; Dionys. Byz. §8 and 13) προελθὼν μικρόν (Ps.-Demetr. 226) Mt 26:39; Mk 14:35.

ⓓ of time

α. adj. short, of time χρόνον μικρόν (Pla., Rep. 6, 498d; Ael. Aristid. 34 p. 661 D.; Is 54:7) J 7:33; cp. 12:35; Rv 6:11; 20:3.

β. adv. a short time, a little while (Jos., Ant. 4, 159; 8, 405) J 13:33 (cp. Job 36:2); Hs 9, 4, 4; 9, 5, 1 (v.l.). μικρόν for a moment (Menand., Epitr. 474 J.=538 Kö.; JosAs 15:14; ParJer 2:9; cp. πρὸς μ. μ. ‘little by little’ GrBar 7:3) Hv 4, 1, 6. μετὰ μικρόν after a short while (Just., D. 56, 17; Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 1, 2 Jac.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 15, 3; Synes., Dio 1 p. 234, 5 NTerzaghi [’44]) Mt 26:73; Mk 14:70. (ἔτι) μικρὸν καί … in a little while, lit. ‘yet a little while, and’= soon (Ex 17:4; Jer 28:33; Hos 1:4; TestJob 24:1) J 14:19; 16:16–19. ἔτι μ. ὅσον ὅσον = soon Hb 10:37; 1 Cl 50:4 (both Is 26:20; s. B-D-F §127, 2; 304; Rob. 733).

ⓔ of mass or compass relative to things

α. small (X., Mem. 3, 14, 1 μ. ὄψον; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 20 [Stone p. 72] πύλη; ApcSed 11:3 μ. κτίσμα; ViIs, ViEzk, ViHab, ViJer, et al. 3 [p. 69, 7 Sch.] ὕδωρ; Just., A I, 19, 1 ῥανίς) μικρότερον πάντων τ. σπερμάτων the smallest of all seeds Mt 13:32; Mk 4:31 (s. σίναπι.—Alex. Aphr., An. II 1 p. 20, 14 οὐδὲν κωλυθήσεται τὸ μέγιστον ἐν τῷ μικροτάτῳ γενέσθαι σώματι). μικρὰ ζύμη a little (bit of) leaven 1 Cor 5:6; Gal 5:9. Of the tongue μικρὸν μέλος a small member Js 3:5 (cp. Eur., Fgm. TGF 411).

β. subst. neut. (τὸ) μικρόν what is insignificant, small τὸ μ. τηρεῖν 2 Cl 8:5 (apocr. saying of Jesus). μικρὰ φρονεῖν περί τινος think little of someth. 2 Cl 1:1f (μικρὸν φρονεῖν Soph., Aj. 1120; Plut., Mor. p. 28c).—Pl. insignificant things, trifles (Aelian, VH 2, 27) μικρὰ κατʼ ἀλλήλων ἔχειν have trifling complaints against each other Hs 8, 10, 1b.

γ. subst. neut. a little μικρόν τι (Diod S 1, 74, 1; Ael. Aristid. 48, 37 K.=24 p. 474 D.; UPZ 70, 3 [152/151 B.C.]; cp. Just., D. 115, 6 ἓν δὲ μ. ὁτιοῦν) a little 2 Cor 11:16. μ. τι ἀφροσύνης vs. 1 (Procop. Soph., Ep. 80 μοὶ μικρὸν δίδου νεανιεύεσθαι). παρὰ μικρόν (Isocr. 19, 22; Dionys. Byz. §3 and 50; Ps 72:2; Ezk 16:47; PsSol 16:1; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 270) except for a little, nearly Hs 8, 1, 14. κατὰ μικρόν in brief (Galen XIX p. 176 K.: Lucian, Catapl. 17, De Merc. Cond. 35) 1:5. μικροῦ δεῖν early, almost AcPl Ha 3, 34 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 168 al.).

ⓕ small in number (Gen 30:30; 47:9) τὸ μικρὸν ποίμνιον Lk 12:32.

② pert. to being of little import, unimportant, insignificant

ⓐ of pers. lacking in importance, influence, power, etc. εἷς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων one of these humble folk (disciples? so Goodsp.) Mt 10:42; Mk 9:42 (Kephal. I 189, 6–19; 201, 30 interprets ‘the little ones who believe’ as catechumens. But the Gk. word μικρός is not found in the Coptic text); Lk 17:2. OMichel, ‘Diese Kleinen’, e. Jüngerbezeichnung Jesu: StKr 108, ’37/38, 401–15. ὁ μικρότερος ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τ. οὐρανῶν the one of least importance in the Kingdom of Heaven (but FDibelius, ZNW 11, 1910, 190–92 and OCullmann, ConNeot 11, ’47, 30 prefer ‘youngest’, and refer it to Christ) Mt 11:11; cp. Lk 7:28. ὁ μικρότερος ἐν πᾶσιν ὑμῖν ὑπάρχων the one who is least among you all 9:48.

ⓑ small, insignificant (Ath. 23, 3 δόξαι) δύναμις Rv 3:8. μισθός 2 Cl 15:1b (cp. a: μ. συμβουλία). ἐπιθυμίαι Hs 8, 10, 1a.

③ the state of being small, smallness subst. neut. ἐκ μικροῦ αὐξῆσαι Mt 20:28 D.—B. 880. M-M. TW.

πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν gen. παντός, πάσης, παντός (dat. pl. πᾶσι and πᾶσιν vary considerably in the mss.; s. W-S. §5, 28; cp. Rob. 219–21; on the use of the art. s. B-D-F §275) (Hom. +).

① pert. to totality with focus on its individual components, each, every, any

ⓐ adj., used w. a noun without the art.

α. in the sing. emphasizing the individual members of the class denoted by the noun every, each, any, scarcely different in mng. fr. the pl. ‘all’: πᾶν δένδρον Mt 3:10; Lk 3:9. πᾶσα φυτεία Mt 15:13. πᾶσα φάραγξ, πᾶν ὄρος Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4). πᾶς τόπος 4:37. πᾶς ἄνθρωπος J 1:9; 2:10; Ro 3:4 (Ps 115:2); Gal 5:3; Col 1:28abd; Js 1:19. πᾶσα γυνή GJs 11:2. πᾶν ἔθνος Ac 17:26a. πᾶσα ψυχή (Pla., Phdr. 249e) 2:43; 3:23 (cp. Lev 23:29); Ro 2:9; Jd 15. πᾶσα ἡμέρα Ac 5:42; 17:17. πᾶν σάββατον 18:4. πᾶσα ἀρχὴ καὶ πᾶσα ἐξουσία 1 Cor 15:24 (cp. Just., D. 111, 2 οὗ τὸ ὄνομα πᾶσα ἀρχὴ δέδιεν). πᾶσα συνείδησις 2 Cor 4:2. πᾶς ἅγιος Phil 4:21. πᾶς οἶκος Hb 3:4 (GJs 7:3). πᾶσα ἀντιλογία 7:7. πᾶσα παιδεία all discipline 12:11. πᾶς ὀφθαλμός Rv 1:7a. πᾶν κτίσμα 5:13a.—Mt 23:35; Lk 2:23 (Ex 13:2); 4:13; 21:36; 2 Th 2:4 (Da 11:36). πᾶσα κτίσις every creature Col 1:15; ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει to every creature vs. 23. πᾶσα γραφή 2 Ti 3:16 (s. γραφή 2a).—πᾶσα σάρξ (כָּל־בָּשָׂר; used in the OT, also En 1:9; TestGad 7:2; GrBar 4:10; but not in EpArist, Philo, nor Joseph.) all flesh Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); AcPlCor 2:6 and 16 (s. also 3b below). Mostly w. a neg. (so also En 14:21; 17:6) οὐ (or μή) … πᾶσα σάρξ no flesh = no one Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20; 1 Cor 1:29; Gal 2:16 (cp. GrBar 8:7 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα πνοή). Other sim. neg. expressions are also Hebraistic (s. B-D-F §302, 1; Mlt-H. 433f) οὐ … πᾶν ῥῆμα not a thing, nothing Lk 1:37 (cp. PRyl 113, 12f [133 A.D.] μὴ … πᾶν πρᾶγμα). οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινόν I have never eaten anything common Ac 10:14. Cp. Rv 7:1, 16; 9:4; 21:27. Also in reverse order, πᾶς … οὐ or μή (Ex 12:16; Sir 8:19; 10:6, but s. also GLee, ET 63, ’51f, 156) 18:22; Eph 4:29; 5:5; 2 Pt 1:20; 1J 2:21; 3:15b.—Only rarely is a ptc. used w. πᾶς in this way: παντὸς ἀκούοντος when anyone hears Mt 13:19. παντὶ ὀφείλοντι Lk 11:4 (Mlt-Turner 196f).

β. w. a noun in the pl., without the art. πάντες ἄνθρωποι all people/men, everyone (Lysias 12, 60; Andoc. 3, 25; X., Cyr. 7, 5, 52, Mem. 4, 4, 19; Demosth. 8, 5; 18, 72) Ac 22:15; Ro 5:12a, 18ab; 12:17, 18; 1 Cor 7:7; 15:19; 2 Cor 3:2; Phil 4:5; 1 Th 2:15; 1 Ti 2:4; 4:10; Tit 2:11. πάντες ἄγγελοι θεοῦ Hb 1:6 (Dt 32:43; cp. Demosth. 18, 294 πάντες θεοί).

ⓑ adj. used with a noun or ptc. with the art.

α. in the sing. Oft. πᾶς ὁ, πάσα ἡ, πᾶν τό is used w. a ptc. (B-D-F §413, 2 and 3) every one who, whoever πᾶς ὁ (Soph., Aj. 152; Demosth. 23, 97; Sir 22:2, 26; 1 Macc 1:52; 2:27) πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος Mt 5:22. Cp. vss. 28, 32; 7:8, 26 (=πᾶς ὅστις vs. 24; s. below); Lk 6:47; 11:10; 14:11; 16:18; 18:14; 19:26; J 3:8, 15f, 20; 4:13; 6:40; 8:34; 18:37; Ac 10:43b; 13:39; Ro 2:1, 10; 10:4, 11; 1 Cor 9:25; Gal 3:13; 2 Ti 2:19; Hb 5:13; 1J 2:23, 29 al.; 2J 9; Rv 22:18.—πᾶν τό everything that (1 Macc 10:41): πᾶν τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον Mt 15:17; Mk 7:18. πᾶν τὸ ὀφειλόμενον Mt 18:34. πᾶν τὸ πωλούμενον 1 Cor 10:25; cp. vs. 27. πᾶν τὸ φανερούμενον Eph 5:14. πᾶν τὸ γεγεννημένον 1J 5:4.—An equivalent of this expr. is πᾶς ὅς (or ὅστις), πᾶν ὅ every one who, whatever (s. above and s. B-D-F §293, 1; 413, 2; Rob. 727; 957), masc.: Mt 7:24; 10:32; 19:29; Lk 12:8, 10 (RHolst, ZNW 63, ’72, 122–24), 48; 14:33; Ac 2:21 (πᾶς ὸ̔ς ἐάν, s. Jo 2:32); Ro 10:13 (πᾶς ὸ̔ς ἄν, s. Jo 3:5); Gal 3:10. Neut. (Jdth 12:14.—Jos., Ant. 5, 211 πᾶν ὅ = πάντες οἱ): J 6:37, 39; 17:2b; Ro 14:23; Col 3:17 (πᾶν ὅ τι ἐάν).

β. w. a noun in the pl., w. the art. all

א. w. substantives: πᾶσαι αἱ γενεαί Mt 1:17; Lk 1:48; Eph 3:21; GJs 6:2 al. πάντας τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς Mt 2:4. Cp. vs. 16; 4:8; 11:13; Mk 4:13, 31f; 6:33; Lk 1:6; 2:51; 6:26; J 18:20; Ac 1:18; 3:18; 10:12, 43a; 14:16; Ro 1:5; 15:11 (Ps 116:1); 16:4; 1 Cor 12:26ab; 2 Cor 8:18; 11:28; Eph 4:10; 6:16b; Col 2:13; 1 Ti 6:10; Hb 4:4 (Gen 2:2 and 3); 9:21; Js 1:8; Rv 1:7b; 7:11; 15:4 al.—Used w. a demonstr. pron.: πᾶσαι αἱ παρθένοι ἐκεῖναι Mt 25:7. πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους 26:1. πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα Lk 1:65; 2:19.—Somet. following the noun: τὰς πόλεις πάσας Mt 9:35; Ac 8:40. οἱ μαθηταὶ πάντες the disciples, one and all Mt 26:56. αἱ θύραι πᾶσαι Ac 16:26a. Cp. Ro 16:16; 1 Cor 7:17; 13:2a; 15:7; 16:20; 1 Th 5:26; 2 Ti 4:21; Rv 8:3. οἱ Ἱεροσολυμῖται πάντες Mk 1:5.—On the position of ἐκεῖνος, ἕνεκα, πᾶς s. NTurner, VetusT 5, ’55, 208–13.

ב. w. participles πάντες οἱ: πάντες οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες Mt 4:24. πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες 11:28; cp. 21:12; 26:52; Lk 1:66; 2:47; 13:17; Ac 1:19; 2:44; 4:16; 5:5, 11; 6:15; 9:14; 28:30; Ro 1:7; 4:11; 1 Cor 1:2; Eph 6:24; 1 Th 1:7; 2 Th 1:10; 2 Ti 3:12; 4:8; Hb 5:9; 13:24; 2J 1; Rv 13:8; 18:24. Following the ptc. οἱ κατοικοῦντες πάντες Ac 2:14. ἐν τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις πᾶσιν 20:32.—πάντα τά: πάντα τὰ γενόμενα Mt 18:31. πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντα 24:47; Lk 12:44; 1 Cor 13:3. Cp. Lk 17:10; 18:31; 21:36; J 18:4; Ac 10:33b. Used w. a demonstr. pron.: περὶ πάντων τῶν συμβεβηκότων τούτων Lk 24:14. Following: τὰ γινόμενα πάντα 9:7.

ג. w. prepositional expressions, w. which ὄντες (ὄντα) is to be supplied (TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 24 [Stone p. 10] πάντα τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] πάντες σου οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις): πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ Mt 5:15; Ac 16:32. πάντες οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ Lk 5:9. πάντες οἱ ἐν τοῖς μνημείοις J 5:28. πάντες οἱ εἰς μακράν Ac 2:39. Cp. 5:17. πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ Ro 9:6. Cp. 2 Ti 1:15; 1 Pt 5:14. πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς Ac 4:24; 14:15 (Ex 20:11); cp. 17:24. Following: οἱ μετʼ ἐμοῦ πάντες Tit 3:15a (πάντες οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ JosAs 27:7).

ⓒ π. used w. pronouns

α. w. personal pronouns: πάντες ἡμεῖς we all Ac 2:32; 10:33a; 26:14; 28:2; Ro 4:16b. πάντες ὑμεῖς Mt 23:8; 26:31; Lk 9:48; Ac 4:10a; 22:3; Ro 1:8; 15:33; 2 Cor 7:15; Gal 3:28; Phil 1:4, 7ab, 8; 1 Th 1:2; 2 Th 3:16c, 18; Tit 3:15b; Hb 13:25. πάντες αὐτοί Ac 4:33; 19:17b; 20:36. Following the pron.: ἡμεῖς πάντες J 1:16; Ro 8:32a; 2 Cor 3:18; Eph 2:3. ὑμεῖς πάντες Ac 20:25. αὐτοὶ πάντες Mt 12:15; 1 Cor 15:10. W. art. οἱ πάντες ἡμεῖς 2 Cor 5:10.

β. w. a demonstr. pron.: πάντες οὗτοι these all, all these Ac 2:7 v.l. Mostly following the pron.: οὗτοι πάντες 1:14; 17:7; Hb 11:13, 39. πάντα ταῦτα Mt 6:32; 24:8; Lk 7:18; Ac 24:8; 1 Cor 12:11; Col 3:14; 1 Th 4:6; Hm 5, 2, 5 cj. Joly. ταῦτα πάντα Mt 4:9; 6:33; 13:34, 51; Lk 12:30; Ac 7:50; Ro 8:37; 2 Pt 3:11.

γ. πάντες ὅσοι, πάντα ὅσα all who, everything that, masc.: Lk 4:40 v.l. (for ἅπαντες); J 10:8. Neut. (TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 17 [Stone p. 20]; TestJob 4:2; GrBar 7:2; Philo, Aet. M. 15; 28; Jos., Ant. 8, 242; Just., A I, 44, 9) Mt 7:12; 13:46; 18:25; 21:22; Mk 11:24; 12:44b; Lk 18:12, 22; J 10:41. πάντες, ὸ̔ς ἄν Hs 7:7.

ⓓ subst.

α. πάντες, πᾶσαι all, everyone (even when only two are involved = both: Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 27 §105 [Caesar and Pompey]) Mt 10:22; 14:20; 15:37; 21:26; 26:27; Mk 1:37; 5:20; Lk 1:63 and oft. πάντες ἥμαρτον Ro 5:12 (on the sinfulness of πάντες cp. the saying of Bias s.v. πολύς 1aβא; FDanker, Ro 5:12, Sin under Law, NTS 14, ’68, 430, n. 1).—οὐ πάντες not everyone Mt 19:11. Cp. J 13:10; Ro 10:16.—πάντων as partitive and comparative gen. ὕστερον πάντων last of all Mt 22:27; cp. Mk 12:22, 43. Even in ref. to a fem. (Thu. 4, 52, 3; Aristoph., Av. 472) ἐντολὴ πρώτη πάντων Mk 12:28 (but s. B-D-F §164, 1).

β. πάντα all things, everything. Abs. (Chrysippus in Stob., Ecl. 1, 1, 26 p. 31 W.; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6; M. Ant. 4, 23; Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D.: ἀρχὴ ἁπάντων Ζεύς τε καὶ ἐκ Διὸς πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; Hymn to Selene in PGM 4, 2838f ἐκ σέο γὰρ πάντʼ ἐστὶ καὶ εἰς σʼ, αἰώνιε, πάντα τελευτᾷ [s. 4dβ]; PGM 5, 139; PKöln VI, 245, 16 of Athena [s. ed.’s comments]) Mt 11:27 = Lk 10:22 (s. the lit. on this pass. s.v. υἱός 2dβ. The word πάντα here is variously understood of authority and power [so ASchlatter (Mt), FBüchsel (TW II 173) et al.] or of knowledge and teaching: ENorden [Agn. Th. 288], TZahn [Mt], Grundmann [Lk] et al.; also JFitzmyer: “the knowledge of the mutual relation of himself and God” [AB Comm. Luke II 874]. IMarshall [Lk] follows BReicke [TW V 993 n. 289] and opts for both power and knowledge); J 1:3; 3:35; 21:17; 1 Cor 2:10; 15:27a (Ps 8:7), b, 28cd (πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν w. a somewhat different coloring: Dio Chrys. 54 [71], 1); Eph 1:22a (Ps 8:7); Rv 21:5. Here we may class ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων θεός (cp. Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 10; 13, 12, 4 ἐπὶ πάντων εἶναι τ. θεόν; Porphyr., Vi. Plot. 23 τῷ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεῷ) God, who rules over all Ro 9:5 (θεός 2). ὁ πάντων δεσπότης GJs 20:3 (codd.); cp. 11:2.—Of a ‘whole’ that is implied fr. the context: πάντα ἀποδώσω σοι Mt 18:26. Cp. 22:4; Mk 4:34; Lk 1:3; Ro 8:28 (s. Black s.v. συνεργέω); 2 Cor 6:10; Gal 4:1; Phil 2:14; 1 Th 5:21; 2 Ti 2:10; Tit 1:15; 1J 2:27; GJs 18:3 codd. πάντα ὑμῶν ἐστιν everything is yours, belongs to you 1 Cor 3:21, cp. 22 (Plut., Cic. 873 [25, 4] πάντα τοῦ σοφοῦ εἶναι; Diog. L. 6, 72). πάντα ὑμῶν everything you do 16:14. πρῶτον πάντων 1 Ti 2:1. πάντα four times as anaphora (rhetorical repetition) 1 Cor 13:7 (cp. Libanius, Or. 3 p. 275, 4 πάντα φθεγγόμενοι, πάντα ἐργαζόμενοι, πάντα χαριζόμενοι).—The acc. of specification stands almost in the sense of an adv. (B-D-F §154; Rob. 487) πάντα in all respects, in every way, altogether (Hom. et al.; Aelian, VH 12, 25; Jos., Ant. 9, 166; SibOr 3, 205; Ath. 35, 2) Ac 20:35 (perh. always, as Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 22 p. 590); 1 Cor 9:25b. πάντα πᾶσιν ἀρέσκω (s. ἀρέσκω 2a) 10:33; 11:2. Cp. KGrobel, JBL 66, ’47, 366 and s. τὰ πάντα in 4dβ below.—W. a prep.: εἰς πάντα in all respects, in every way (Pla., Charm. 6, 158a, Leg. 5, 738a; Appian, Iber. 17 §64, Bell. Civ. 4, 92 §385; BGU 798, 7) 2 Cor 2:9. ἐν πᾶσιν in all respects, in every way (PGiss 69, 8; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 112 §467 [here ἐν ἅπασιν=in all respects]; Just., D. 80, 1 ἀσφαλὴς ἐν πᾶσι); 1 Ti 3:11; 2 Ti 2:7; 4:5; Tit 2:9, 10b; Hb 13:4, 18; 1 Pt 4:11. Perh. also Eph 1:23b. ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις in (or besides) all this (Sir 48:15; Job 2:10; 12:9; cp. Plut., Mor. 98f) Lk 16:26. κατὰ πάντα, s. κατά B 6. περὶ πάντων in every way (Mitt-Wilck I/2, 6, 9; SibOr 1, 198) 3J 2. πρὸ πάντων above all, especially (PRein 18, 27 [II B.C.]; BGU 811, 3; PAmh 135, 2; Just., D. 7, 3) Js 5:12; 1 Pt 4:8.

② any entity out of a totality, any and every, every

ⓐ as adj. w. a noun in the sing. without the article every, any and every, just any, any at all μὴ παντὶ πνεύματι πιστεύετε do not believe just any spirit 1J 4:1. περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας Eph 4:14. περὶ παντὸς πράγματος about anything Mt 18:19. κατὰ πᾶσαν αἰτίαν for any reason at all 19:3. Cp. 4:4=Lk 4:4 v.l. (Dt 8:3); Mt 12:31; 2 Cor 1:4b (on ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν vs. 4a see 3b below).

ⓑ as subst. without the art.

α. πᾶς everyone without exception Lk 16:16.

β. πᾶν, w. prep.: διὰ παντός s. διά A 2a. ἐν παντί in every respect or way, in everything (Pla., Symp. 194a; X., Hell. 5, 4, 29; SIG 1169, 27; Sir 18:27; 4 Macc 8:3; GrBar 9:8) πλουτίζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:5; 2 Cor 9:11. Cp. 2 Cor 4:8; 7:5, 11, 16; 8:7; 9:8b; 11:6a, 9; Eph 5:24; Phil 4:6; 1 Th 5:18.

③ marker of the highest degree of someth., all

ⓐ as adj. w. a noun in the sing. without the art. full, greatest, all (Pla., Rep. 9, 575a; Demosth. 18, 279 al.; ins, freq. in accolades; pap.: New Docs 8 p. 62, 10 μετὰ πάσης πίστεως καὶ ἐπιμελείας ‘with all fidelity and care’; LXX; Tat. 39, 1 μετὰ πάσης ἀκριβείας) μετὰ παρρησίας πάσης Ac 4:29. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ 5:23. πάσῃ συνειδήσει ἀγαθῇ in all good conscience 23:1. Cp. 17:11; 24:3; 2 Cor 9:8b; 12:12; Eph 4:2. ἐν πάσῃ προσκαρτερήσει with the greatest perseverance 6:18c. Cp. Phil 1:20; 2:29; Col 1:11ab; 1 Ti 2:2b, 11; 3:4; 4:9; 5:2; Tit 2:15; Js 1:2; 2 Pt 1:5; Jd 3 al. ὑπομένειν πᾶσαν ὑπομονήν practice patient endurance to the limit Pol 9:1.

ⓑ in related vein as adj. with noun in the sing. w. the art. all ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν in all our trouble 2 Cor 1:4a (on ἐν πάσῃ θλίψει vs. 4b s. 2a above); 7:4; 1 Th 3:7. ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν in all remembrance of you Phil 1:3. πᾶσαν τὴν μέριμναν ὑμῶν all your care 1 Pt 5:7. τὸν πάντα χρόνον AcPlCor 2:4; τὴν πᾶσαν σάρκα 2:11 (cp. 1aα).

④ pert. to a high degree of completeness or wholeness, whole

ⓐ as adj. w. a noun in the sing., without the art. all, the whole before proper names, mostly geographic (X., Hell. 4, 8, 28 προστάται πάσης Λέσβου ἔσονται al.; LXX) πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα Mt 2:3 (s. Ἱερ.). πᾶς Ἰσραήλ (3 Km 8:65; 11:16; 1 Esdr 1:19; 5:45, 58; Jdth 15:14) Ro 11:26 (s. W-S. §20, 11a and b; Rob. 772). The OT is also the source of πᾶς οἶκος Ἰσραήλ (1 Km 7:2, 3) Ac 2:36 and, in subject matter, ἐπὶ παντὸς προσώπου τῆς γῆς 17:26b (but Gen 2:6 has πᾶν τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς, and 7:23; 11:4, 8, 9 ἐπὶ προσώπου [or πρόσωπον] πάσης τῆς γῆς).—Perh. πᾶσα οἰκοδομή Eph 2:21 (s. W-S. §20:11 b; Rob. 772; Mlt-Turner 199f; MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.; M. Ant. 6, 36, 1; OGI 383, 86ff).

ⓑ w. a noun in the sing., w. the art. the whole, all (the). Preceding the noun that has the art.: πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος Mt 3:5. πᾶσα ἡ ἀγέλη the whole herd 8:32. Cp. vs. 34; 13:2; 21:10; 27:25, 45; Mk 2:13; 4:1. πᾶσα ἡ ἀλήθεια 5:33. πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις the whole creation (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32]) Mk 16:15; Ro 8:22. Cp. Lk 1:10; 2:1, 10; Ac 3:9, 11; 5:21; 15:12. πᾶς ὁ κόσμος Ro 3:19b; Col 1:6. πᾶν τὸ σπέρμα Ro 4:16. πᾶσα ἡ γῆ 9:17 (Ex 9:16); Lk 4:25. πᾶσα ἡ γνῶσις, πᾶσα ἡ πίστις 1 Cor 13:2bc. πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα Eph 3:19; Col 1:19; 2:9. πᾶν τὸ σῶμα Eph 4:16; Col 2:19. Cp. Hb 9:19bc. W. a demonstrative pron. πᾶς ὁ λαὸς οὗτος all these people Lk 9:13. πᾶσα ἡ ὀφειλὴ ἐκείνη Mt 18:32.—Following the noun that has the article: τὴν κρίσιν πᾶσαν the whole matter of judgment J 5:22. εἰς τὴν ἀλήθειαν πᾶσαν into truth in all its outreach 16:13. τὴν ἐξουσίαν … πᾶσαν Rv 13:12.

ⓒ πᾶς and πάντες stand attributively betw. art. and noun, when the noun is regarded as a whole, in contrast to its individual parts (cp. Kühner-G. I 632f).

α. sing. (Thu. 2, 7, 2 ὁ πᾶς ἀριθμόσ=‘the whole number’; 8, 93, 2 τὸ πᾶν πλῆθος; X., Mem. 1, 2, 8 εἰς τὸν πάντα βίον; Pla., Gorg. 470e ἡ πᾶσα εὐδαιμονία; 2 Macc 2:17; 3 Macc 1:29; 6:14; 4 Macc 3:8) ὁ πᾶς νόμος the whole law Gal 5:14. τὸν πάντα χρόνον Ac 20:18.

β. pl. (X., An. 5, 6, 7 οἱ πάντες ἄνθρωποι; Pla., Theaet. 204a τὰ πάντα μέρη) αἱ πᾶσαι ψυχαί all the souls Ac 27:37. οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη πάντες Ἰουδαῖοι 21:21. οἱ σὺν αὐτοῖς πάντες ἅγιοι Ro 16:15. οἱ σὺν ἐμοὶ πάντες ἀδελφοί Gal 1:2.—W. numerals (Hdt. 7, 4; Thu. 1, 60, l) οἱ πάντες ἄνδρες ὡσεὶ δώδεκα the whole number of the men was about twelve Ac 19:7.—JBover, Uso del adjetivo singular πᾶς en San Pablo: Biblica 19, ’38, 411–34.

ⓓ as subst.

α. οἱ πάντες all (of them) (in contrast to a part) Ro 11:32ab; 1 Cor 9:22 (s. HChadwick, NTS 1, ’55, 261–75); Phil 2:21. (We, they) all Mk 14:64; 1 Cor 10:17; 2 Cor 5:14b. μέχρι καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες until we all attain Eph 4:13.

β. τὰ πάντα. In the abs. sense of the whole of creation all things, the universe (Pla., Ep. 6, 323d τῶν πάντων θεός; hymn to Selene in EAbel, Orphica [1885] 294, 36 εἰς σὲ τὰ πάντα τελευτᾶ [s. 1dβ beg.]; Herm. Wr. 13, 17 τ. κτίσαντα τὰ πάντα; JosAs 8:2 ζωοποιήσας τὰ πάντα; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 208, Rer. Div. Her. 36, Somn. 1, 241; Just., A I, 67, 2 τὸν ποιητὴν τῶν πάντων; PGM 1, 212 κύριε τῶν πάντων; 4, 3077) Ro 11:36 (Musaeus: Vorsokr. 2 A 4 [in Diog. L. 1, 3] ἐξ ἑνὸς τὰ πάντα γίνεσθαι καὶ εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀναλύεσθαι. Cp. Norden, Agn. Th. 240–50); 1 Cor 8:6ab; 15:28ab; Eph 3:9; 4:10b; Phil 3:21; Col 1:16ab, 17b (HHegermann, D. Vorstellung vom Schöpfungsmittler etc., TU 82, ’61, 88ff); Hb 1:3; 2:10ab; Rv 4:11; 1 Cl 34:2; PtK 2 (four times).—In the relative sense, indicated by the context, everything (Κυπρ. I p. 42 no. 29 τὰς στοὰς καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐταῖς πάντα; PGiss 2, 14 [II B.C.] in a bill: τὰ π.=everything taken together) ἐν παραβολαῖς τὰ πάντα γίνεται everything (=all the instruction) is in parables Mk 4:11. Cp. Ac 17:25b; Ro 8:32b. Of everything in heaven and earth that is in need of uniting and redeeming Eph 1:10 (EWalter, Christus u. d. Kosmos [Eph 1:10] ’48); Col 1:20. τὰ πάντα they all (of the members of the body) 1 Cor 12:19. The neut. is also used of persons: Gal 3:22; cp. 1 Ti 6:13 (here including humankind and everything else that possesses life).—As acc. of specification, almost like an adv.: τὰ πάντα in all respects (Appian, Prooem. 6 §23) Eph 4:15 (s. 1dβ).—As a summation of what precedes all this (PCairZen 741, 16; 742, 22; BGU 1509 [all III B.C.]) 2 Cor 4:15; Phil 3:8b; Col 3:8.—Furthermore, πάντες can also have the limited sense nearly all (Xenophon Eph. 2, 13, 4 πάντας ἀπέκτεινεν, ὀλίγους δὲ καὶ ζῶντας ἔλαβε. μόνος δὲ ὁ Ἱππόθοος ἠδυνήθη διαφυγεῖν).—Mlt-Turner 199–201.

⑤ everything belonging, in kind, to the class designated by the noun, every kind of, all sorts of, adj. for the words παντοδαπός and παντοῖος, which are lacking in our lit.: πᾶσα νόσος καὶ πᾶσα μαλακία Mt 4:23. γέμουσιν πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας they are full of all kinds of uncleanness 23:27 (Ar. 15, 6). πᾶσα ἐξουσία 28:18. ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔθνους from every kind of nation Ac 2:5. Cp. 7:22; 13:10ab; Ro 1:18, 29. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία (evil) desire of every kind 7:8. ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ καὶ πάσῃ γνώσει 1 Cor 1:5b. πᾶν ἁμάρτημα every kind of sin 6:18. Cp. 2 Cor 7:1; 9:8bc; 10:5ab; Eph 1:3, 8, 21a; 4:19; 5:3; Phil 1:9; 2 Th 2:17. πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν Tit 1:16; 3:1. Cp. 2:14; Hb 13:21. πᾶσα δόσις, πᾶν δώρημα Js 1:17 (W-S. §20, 11b). Cp. vs. 21; 1 Pt 2:1ab; Rv 8:7 al.—B. 919. Schmidt, Syn. IV, 540–54, s. ἕκαστος and ὅλος. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἀκούω fut. ἀκούσω SibOr 4, 175; Mt 12:19; 13:14 (Is 6:9); J 5:25, 28; 10:16, ἀκούσομαι EpArist 5; Ac 3:22 (Dt 18:15); 28:28 (freq. w. vv.ll.); 1 aor. ἤκουσα; pf. ἀκήκοα; ptc. ἠκουκώς Hs 5, 4, 2. Pass.: fut. ἀκουσθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠκούσθην; pf. 3 sg. ἤκουσται Dt 4:32 (Hom.+) ‘hear’, as a passive respondent to λέγω.

① lit. to have or exercise the faculty of hearing, hear

ⓐ abs. τὰ ὦτα ἀκούουσιν Mt 13:16; κωφοὶ ἀ. 11:5; cp. Mk 7:37; Lk 7:22; τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἀ. be hard of hearing Mt 13:15 (Is 6:10); ἀκοῇ ἀ. Mt 13:14; Ac 28:26 (both Is 6:9). ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν they hear and yet do not hear Mt 13:13 (s. Aeschyl., Prom. 448 κλύοντες οὐκ ἤκουον; Demosth. 25 [Against Aristogeiton 1], 89, citing the maxim ὁρῶντας μὴ ὁρᾶν καὶ ἀκούοντας μὴ ἀκούειν), cp. Mk 8:18 (Ezk 12:2) and s. 7 below. In the protasis of a challenge to hearers, by which their attention is drawn to a special difficulty: ὁ ἔχων ὦτα (οὖς) ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω, w. variations (Arrian, Ind. 5, 1 ὅστις ἐθέλει φράζειν …, φραζέτω) Mt 11:15 v.l.; 13:9 v.l., 43 v.l.; Mk 4:9, 23; 7:15 [16] v.l.; Lk 8:8; 14:35 (EBishop, BT 7, ’56, 38–40); Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9. Cp. Ox 1081 verso, 6–8; s. 7 below for the restored text. For the sense of the impv. in these challenges also s. 7. S. οὖς 2.

ⓑ w. obj. (on the syntax B-D-F §173; 416, 1; Rob. 506f; on the LXX s. Johannessohn, Kasus, 36; Helbing, Kasussyntax 150ff).

α. foll. by a thing as obj. in acc. (Diod S 8, 32, 1 τὶ something) Mt 11:4; 13:17ff; Lk 7:22; 1J 1:1, 3. τὴν φωνήν (UPZ 77 I, 25) Mt 12:19; J 3:8; Ac 22:9 (but see 7 below); 1 Cl 39:3 (Job 4:16); (pass. Mt 2:18 [Jer 38:15]; Rv 18:22). τὸν λόγον Mt 13:20ff; J 5:24. τοὺς λόγους, τὰ ῥήματα Mt 10:14; J 8:47 s. 4 below; Ac 2:22. πολέμους καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέμων Mt 24:6. τὴν βλασφημίαν 26:65. τὸν ἀσπασμόν Lk 1:41. ἄρρητα ῥήματα 2 Cor 12:4. τὸν ἀριθμόν Rv 9:16. τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν Hv 3, 12, 2. Pass. τὰ ἀκουσθέντα what has been heard i.e. the message Hb 2:1. ἠκούσθη ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ὦτα τῆς ἐκκλησίας … ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ the report reached the ears of the church in Jerusalem Ac 11:22. Oft. the obj. is to be supplied fr. context Mt 13:17; Mk 4:15; J 6:60a; Ac 2:37; 8:30; 9:21; Ro 10:14. καθὼς ἀκούω = ἃ ἀ. J 5:30.

β. τί τινος hear someth. fr. someone τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν, ἣν ἠκούσατέ μου the promise which you heard from me Ac 1:4. Still other constrs. occur, which are also poss. when the hearing is not directly fr. the mouth of the informant, but involves a report which one has received fr. the pers. in any way at all (s. below 3d). τὶ ἔκ τινος (Od. 15, 374; Hdt. 3, 62 ἐκ τοῦ κήρυκος) 2 Cor 12:6. τὶ παρά τινος (Soph., Oed. R. 7 παρʼ ἀγγέλων; Pla., Rep. 6, 506d; Demosth. 6, 26; Jer 30:8; Jos., Bell. 1, 529) J 8:26, 40 (τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀ. as Diod S 16, 50, 2); 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 2:2; w. attraction of the relative λόγων ὧν παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας teachings which you have heard from me 1:13; τὶ ἀπό τινος (Thu. 1, 125, 1) 1J 1:5. Hebraistically ἀπὸ τ. στόματός τινος Lk 22:71 (cp. ἐκ τ. στόμ. τ. Ex 23:13; Ezk 3:17; 33:7).

γ. foll. by a thing as obj. in gen. (Hdt. 8, 135; X., Cyr. 3, 1, 8; Demosth. 18, 3; B-D-F §173, 2; Rob. 507) hear someth. τῆς βλασφημίας (= τὴν βλ. Mt 26:65) Mk 14:64. συμφωνίας καὶ χορῶν Lk 15:25; τῆς φωνῆς (BGU 1007, 11 [III B.C.] ἀκούσαντες φωνῆς) J 5:25, 28; Ac 9:7 (on the experience of Paul and his companions cp. Maximus Tyr. 9, 7d–f: some see a divine figure, others see nothing but hear a voice, still others both see and hear); 11:7; 22:7 (HMoehring, NovT 3, ’59, 80–99; s. Rob. 506). τῶν λόγων Lk 6:47. τῶν ῥημάτων J 12:47.

ⓒ hear, listen to w. gen. of the pers. and a ptc. (Pla., Prot. 320b; X., Symp. 3, 13; Herm. Wr. 12, 8; Jos., Ant. 10, 105 ἤκουσε τοῦ προφήτου ταῦτα λέγοντος): ἠκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος we have heard him say Mk 14:58; ἀκοῦσαι προσευχομένου Παύλου AcPl Ha 2, 12. ἤκουον εἷς ἕκαστος … λαλούντων αὐτῶν each one heard them speaking Ac 2:6, 11; Rv 16:5, 7 (in vs. 7 the altar speaks); Hv 1, 3, 3. W. acc. instead of gen. πᾶν κτίσμα … καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς πάντα ἤκουσα λέγοντας (v.l. λέγοντα) Rv 5:13. Used without ptc. w. pronoun only: μου (Dio Chrys. 79 [28], 14) Mk 7:14; Ac 26:3. αὐτῶν Lk 2:46. αὐτοῦ vs. 47; 15:1; 19:48; 21:38; J 3:29 etc. ἡμῶν Ac 24:4.—ἀ. τινὸς περί τινος (since Hdt. 7, 209; IG II, 168 [338 B.C.]) hear someone (speak) about someth. Ac 17:32. ἤκουσεν αὐτοῦ περὶ τῆς … πίστεως he heard him speak about faith Ac 24:24, cp. Hm 11:7.—W. ὅτι foll. (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 18) J 14:28; Ac 22:2.—Abs. οἱ ἀκούοντες the hearers (Diod S 4, 7, 4) Lk 6:27; MPol 7:3. Esp. impv. ἄκουε listen! Mk 12:29 (Dt 6:4); Hs 5, 1, 3; pl. Mk 4:3. ἀκούσατε Ac 7:2; 13:16; AcPl Ha 8, 10. W. συνίετε listen and try to understand Mt 15:10.

② legal t.t. to hear a legal case, grant a hearing to someone (X., Hell. 1, 7, 9 al.; PAmh 135, 14; PIand 9, 10; 15; BGU 511 II, 2; POxy 1032, 59) w. παρά τινος: ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρʼ αὐτοῦ without first giving him a hearing J 7:51 (SPancaro, Biblica 53, ’72, 340–61).—Ac 25:22.

③ to receive news or information about someth., learn about someth.

ⓐ abs. ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς when Jesus learned about it (the death of J. Bapt.) Mt 14:13.—Mk 3:21; 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92); Ro 10:18. W. ἀναγγέλλειν 15:21 (Is 52:15).

ⓑ w. gen. of person οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν of whom they have not heard Ro 10:14a.—W. acc. of thing (X., Cyr. 1, 1, 4; Diod S 19, 8, 4; Chion, Ep. 12 ἀκ. τὴν τυραννίδα; Herodian 4, 4, 8) learn of τὴν ἀγάπην Phlm 5. τὴν ἀναστροφήν Gal 1:13. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Χριστοῦ Mt 11:2. τὴν ἐνέδραν the ambush Ac 23:16: Χριστιανισμὸν ἀ. hear Christianity IPhld 6:1; τὴν οἰκονομίαν Eph 3:2. τὴν πίστιν 1:15; Col 1:4. τὴν ὑπομονήν Js 5:11.—Pass. ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία it is reported that there is immorality among you 1 Cor 5:1 (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 139 τοῦτο ἐξακούεται=this report is heard). ἐὰν ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος if this should come to the prefect’s ears Mt 28:14.

ⓒ ἀ. τι περί τινος (since Hdt. 2, 43) learn someth. about someone Lk 9:9; 16:2.—ἀ. περί τινος (Jos., Vi. 246) Lk 7:3.

ⓓ w. prep., to denote the author or source of the information (s. 1bβ) ἀ. τι παρά τινος: τῶν ἀκουσάντων παρὰ Ἰωάννου who had learned fr. John (who Jesus was) J 1:40, cp. 6:45 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 110, 35 τὸ ἀκοῦσαι παρὰ θεοῦ, ὅτι ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή); ἀ. τι ἔκ τινος: ἠκούσαμεν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου we have heard from the law (when it was read in the synagogue) J 12:34, where ἀ. approaches the technical sense learn (a body of authoritative teaching), as 1J 1:5 (s. above); 2:7, 24 et al. (OPiper, JBL 66, ’47, 437 n. 1). ἀ. ἀπό τινος περί τινος Ac 9:13.

ⓔ w. ὅτι foll. (SIG 370, 21; PTebt 416, 8; BGU 246, 19; Josh l0:1; Da 5:14 Theod.; 1 Macc 6:55; 4 Macc 4:22; cp. the constr. ἀ. τινὰ ὅτι Od. 3, 193; X., Mem. 4, 2, 33) Mt 2:22; 4:12 al.—Pass. ἠκούσθη ὅτι ἐν οἴκῳ ἐστίν it became known that he was in the house Mk 2:1 (s. B-D-F §405, 2). οὐκ ἠκούσθη ὅτι it is unheard of that J 9:32.

ⓕ w. acc. and inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; Jos., Ant. 11, 165; 13, 292) J 12:18; 1 Cor 11:18. W. acc. and ptc. (X., Cyr. 2, 4, 12; Herodian 2, 12, 4) Ac 7:12; 3J 4.

④ to give careful attention to, listen to, heed ἀ. τινός someone (Hom. et al.) ἀκούετε αὐτοῦ Mt 17:5; Lk 9:35; Ac 3:22 (all three Dt 18:15); cp. Mt 18:15; Lk 16:29, 31; J 10:8; Ac 4:19. W. acc. of thing J 8:47 (s. 1bα); PEg² 53f (restored).—Abs. (PsSol 2:8) obey, listen αὐτοὶ καὶ ἀκούσονται Ac 28:28; cp. Mt 18:16; J 5:25b; agree 9:27a.

⑤ to pay attention to by listening, listen to ἀ. τινός someone/someth. (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 14 I, 18; 461, 6) Mk 6:11; J 6:60b. Of God (Hom.+) Ac 7:34 (Ex 3:7); J 9:31; 11:41f; 1J 5:14f; AcPt Ox 849, 27.—Abs. καθὼς ἠδύναντο ἀ. as they were able to listen Mk 4:33 (EMolland, SymbOsl 8, 1929, 83–91; s. also 7 below).

⑥ to be given a nickname or other identifying label, be called (Demosth. 18, 46 κόλακες ἀκούουσι; Diog. L. 2, 111 a derisive nickname; 2, 140) ἤκουσαν προδόται γονέων they were called betrayers of their parents Hv 2, 2, 2.

⑦ to hear and understand a message, understand (Teles p. 47, 12; Galen: CMG Suppl. I p. 12, 29; Aelian, VH 13, 46; Apollon. Dysc., Syntax p. 295, 25 [Gramm. Gr. II/2 p. 424, 5 U.] ἀκούειν= συνιέναι τῶν ἠκουσμένων; Sext. Emp., Math. 1, 37 τὸ μὴ πάντας πάντων ἀκούειν; Julian, Orat. 4 p. 147a; PGM 3, 453 ἀκούσεις τὰ ὄρνεα λαλοῦντα; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 35) abs. (Is 36:11) 1 Cor 14:2. Perh. also Mk 4:33 (s. 5 above, and cp. Epict. 1, 29, 66 τ. δυναμένοις αὐτὰ ἀκοῦσαι). On the form of Lk 6:27a cp. Cleopatra 16, 57 ὑμῖν δὲ λέγω τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσιν. W. acc. τὸν νόμον understand the law Gal 4:21; perh. Ac 22:9; 26:14 (s. 1bα above) belong here. Cp. also the play on words (1a above) ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν Mt 13:13; cp. Mk 8:18. Here belong also the imperatives in Mt 11:15; 13:9, 43; Mk 4:9, 23; 7:15 [16] v.l.; Lk 8:8; 14:35; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9; also ὁ ἔχων ὦ[τ]α τ[ῶν ἀ]|περάντων [ἀ]κο[ύει?]ν ἀ|κουέτω one who has ears to hear the things that are without limits let him hear Ox 1081, 6–8, rev. on the basis of the Coptic, s. SJCh 89, 5f; cp. Borger, GGA 122.—ἀκούω is occasionally used as a perfective present: I hear= I have heard (so as early as Il. 24, 543; Aristoph., Frogs 426; X., An. 2, 5, 13, Mem. 2, 4, 1; 3, 5, 26; Pla., Rep. 583d; Theocr. 15, 23) Lk 9:9; 1 Cor 11:18; 2 Th 3:11. B-D-F §322.—B. 1037; 1339. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.