Ăpelles

cōs, cōtis, f. [Sanscr. ça, to whet, sharpen; cf. cautes], any hard stone, flintstone, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 33; Liv. 1, 36, 4 and 5; Curt. 4, 6, 8; 5, 3, 8; 8, 11, 23; Verg. E. 8, 43. —

In partic., a whetstone, hone, grindstone, Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164; Hor. C. 2, 8, 16; Quint. 2, 12, 8.—

Trop.:

ipsam iracundiam fortitudinis quasi cotem esse dicebant,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43; Hor. A. P. 304.

Cōs or Cŏus ( Cō̆ŏs), i, f., = Kôs or Koôs, one of the Sporadic Islands in the Myrtoan Sea, on the coast of Caria, celebrated for the cultivation of the vine and for weaving; the birthplace of Hippocrates, Apelles, and Philetas, now Stanco.; nom. Cos, Varr. Fragm. p. 363 Bip.; Mel. 2, 7, 4; Plin. 5, 31, 36, § 135 al.:

Cous,

Liv. 37, 16, 2. — Acc. Coum, Curt. 3, 1, 19 Zumpt N. cr.; Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 245; Tac. A. 2, 75.— Abl. Coo, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2; Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 5; Stat. S. 1, 2, 252:

Co,

Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77; Quint. 8, 6, 7 (but in the last two pass. with the var. lect. Coo).—Hence,

Cōus, a, um, adj., = Kôos, of Cos, Coan:

insula,

Varr. R. R. 2, prooem. §

4: litus,

Luc. 8, 246:

vinum,

Plin. 14, 8, 10, § 79:

uva,

id. 15, 17, 18, § 66:

vestis,

Prop. 1, 2, 2; 2, 1, 6:

purpurae,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 13; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 5, 23:

artifex,

i. e. Apelles, Ov. P. 4, 1, 29.—Hence, also:

Venus,

a celebrated picture of her by Apelles, Cic. Or. 2, 5; id. Div. 1, 13, 23:

senior,

i. e. Hippocrates, Marc. Emp. Carm. 5:

poëta,

Philetas, Ov. A. A. 3, 329; cf. Prop. 3 (4), 1, 1; and absol., Ov. R. Am. 760.—

Subst.,

Cōum, i, n. (sc. vinum), Coan wine, Hor. S. 2, 4, 29; Pers. 5, 135.—

Cōa, ōrum, n., Coan garments, Hor. S. 1, 2, 101; Ov. A. A. 2, 298.

cōs, cōtis, f. [Sanscr. ça, to whet, sharpen; cf. cautes], any hard stone, flintstone, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 33; Liv. 1, 36, 4 and 5; Curt. 4, 6, 8; 5, 3, 8; 8, 11, 23; Verg. E. 8, 43. —

In partic., a whetstone, hone, grindstone, Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164; Hor. C. 2, 8, 16; Quint. 2, 12, 8.—

Trop.:

ipsam iracundiam fortitudinis quasi cotem esse dicebant,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43; Hor. A. P. 304.

Cōs or Cŏus ( Cō̆ŏs), i, f., = Kôs or Koôs, one of the Sporadic Islands in the Myrtoan Sea, on the coast of Caria, celebrated for the cultivation of the vine and for weaving; the birthplace of Hippocrates, Apelles, and Philetas, now Stanco.; nom. Cos, Varr. Fragm. p. 363 Bip.; Mel. 2, 7, 4; Plin. 5, 31, 36, § 135 al.:

Cous,

Liv. 37, 16, 2. — Acc. Coum, Curt. 3, 1, 19 Zumpt N. cr.; Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 245; Tac. A. 2, 75.— Abl. Coo, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2; Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 5; Stat. S. 1, 2, 252:

Co,

Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77; Quint. 8, 6, 7 (but in the last two pass. with the var. lect. Coo).—Hence,

Cōus, a, um, adj., = Kôos, of Cos, Coan:

insula,

Varr. R. R. 2, prooem. §

4: litus,

Luc. 8, 246:

vinum,

Plin. 14, 8, 10, § 79:

uva,

id. 15, 17, 18, § 66:

vestis,

Prop. 1, 2, 2; 2, 1, 6:

purpurae,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 13; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 5, 23:

artifex,

i. e. Apelles, Ov. P. 4, 1, 29.—Hence, also:

Venus,

a celebrated picture of her by Apelles, Cic. Or. 2, 5; id. Div. 1, 13, 23:

senior,

i. e. Hippocrates, Marc. Emp. Carm. 5:

poëta,

Philetas, Ov. A. A. 3, 329; cf. Prop. 3 (4), 1, 1; and absol., Ov. R. Am. 760.—

Subst.,

Cōum, i, n. (sc. vinum), Coan wine, Hor. S. 2, 4, 29; Pers. 5, 135.—

Cōa, ōrum, n., Coan garments, Hor. S. 1, 2, 101; Ov. A. A. 2, 298.

cōs, cōtis, f. [Sanscr. ça, to whet, sharpen; cf. cautes], any hard stone, flintstone, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 33; Liv. 1, 36, 4 and 5; Curt. 4, 6, 8; 5, 3, 8; 8, 11, 23; Verg. E. 8, 43. —

In partic., a whetstone, hone, grindstone, Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164; Hor. C. 2, 8, 16; Quint. 2, 12, 8.—

Trop.:

ipsam iracundiam fortitudinis quasi cotem esse dicebant,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43; Hor. A. P. 304.

Cōs or Cŏus ( Cō̆ŏs), i, f., = Kôs or Koôs, one of the Sporadic Islands in the Myrtoan Sea, on the coast of Caria, celebrated for the cultivation of the vine and for weaving; the birthplace of Hippocrates, Apelles, and Philetas, now Stanco.; nom. Cos, Varr. Fragm. p. 363 Bip.; Mel. 2, 7, 4; Plin. 5, 31, 36, § 135 al.:

Cous,

Liv. 37, 16, 2. — Acc. Coum, Curt. 3, 1, 19 Zumpt N. cr.; Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 245; Tac. A. 2, 75.— Abl. Coo, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2; Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 5; Stat. S. 1, 2, 252:

Co,

Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77; Quint. 8, 6, 7 (but in the last two pass. with the var. lect. Coo).—Hence,

Cōus, a, um, adj., = Kôos, of Cos, Coan:

insula,

Varr. R. R. 2, prooem. §

4: litus,

Luc. 8, 246:

vinum,

Plin. 14, 8, 10, § 79:

uva,

id. 15, 17, 18, § 66:

vestis,

Prop. 1, 2, 2; 2, 1, 6:

purpurae,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 13; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 5, 23:

artifex,

i. e. Apelles, Ov. P. 4, 1, 29.—Hence, also:

Venus,

a celebrated picture of her by Apelles, Cic. Or. 2, 5; id. Div. 1, 13, 23:

senior,

i. e. Hippocrates, Marc. Emp. Carm. 5:

poëta,

Philetas, Ov. A. A. 3, 329; cf. Prop. 3 (4), 1, 1; and absol., Ov. R. Am. 760.—

Subst.,

Cōum, i, n. (sc. vinum), Coan wine, Hor. S. 2, 4, 29; Pers. 5, 135.—

Cōa, ōrum, n., Coan garments, Hor. S. 1, 2, 101; Ov. A. A. 2, 298.

* * *

ab-solvo, vi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to loosen from, to make loose, set free, detach, untie (usu. trop., the fig. being derived from fetters, qs. a vinculis solvere, like vinculis exsolvere, Plaut. Truc. 3, 4, 10).

Lit. (so very rare):

canem ante tempus,

Amm. 29, 3:

asinum,

App. M. 6, p. 184; cf.:

cum nodo cervicis absolutum,

id. ib. 9, p. 231:

valvas stabuli,

i. e. to open, id. ib. 1, p. 108 fin.:

absoluta lingua (ranarum) a gutture,

loosed, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172.

Trop.

To release from a long story, to let one off quickly: Paucis absolvit, ne moraret diutius, Pac. ap. Diom. p. 395 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 98 Rib.); so,

te absolvam brevi,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 30.

To dismiss by paying, to pay off:

absolve hunc vomitum... quattuor quadraginta illi debentur minae,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 120; so Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 13 and 18.—Hence, in gen., to dismiss, to release:

jam hosce absolutos censeas,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 43;

and ironic.,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 73.

To free from (Ciceronian): ut nec Roscium stipulatione alliget, neque a Fannio judicio se absolvat, extricate or free himself from a lawsuit, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

longo bello,

Tac. A. 4, 23: caede hostis se absolvere, to absolve or clear one's self by murdering an enemy, id. G. 31.—With gen.:

tutelae,

Dig. 4, 8, 3; hence,

In judicial lang., t. t., to absolve from a charge, to acquit, declare innocent; constr. absol., with abl., gen., or de (Zumpt, § 446;

Rudd. 2, 164 sq.): bis absolutus,

Cic. Pis. 39:

regni suspicione,

Liv. 2, 8: judex absolvit injuriarum eum, Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29 al.:

de praevaricatione absolutus,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 16.—In Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 22: hic (Dionem) Veneri absolvit, sibi condemnat, are dativi commodi: from the obligation to Venus he absolves him, but condemns him to discharge that to himself (Verres).—With an abstract noun: fidem absolvit, he acquitted them of their fidelity (to Otho), pardoned it, Tac. H. 2, 60.

In technical lang., to bring a work to a close, to complete, finish (without denoting intrinsic excellence, like perficere; the fig. is prob. derived from detaching a finished web from the loom; cf.:

rem dissolutam divulsamque,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 188).—So of the sacrificial cake:

liba absoluta (as taken from the pan),

ready, Varr. R. R. 2, 8;

but esp. freq. in Cic.: ut pictor nemo esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris eam partem, quam Apelles inchoatam reliquisset, absolveret,

Cic. Off. 3, 2 (cf. Suet. Claud. 3); id. Leg. 1, 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 45; cf. id. Fin. 2, 32, 105; id. Fam. 1, 9, 4; id. Att. 13, 19 al.—So in Sallust repeatedly, both with acc. and de, of an historical statement, to bring to a conclusion, to relate:

cetera quam paucissumis absolvam, J. 17, 2: multa paucis,

Cic. Fragm. Hist. 1, n. 2:

de Catilinae conjuratione paucis absolvam,

id. Cat. 4, 3; cf.:

nunc locorum situm, quantum ratio sinit, absolvam,

Amm. 23, 6.— Hence, absŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., brought to a conclusion, finished, ended, complete (cf. absolvo, E.).

In gen.:

nec appellatur vita beata nisi confecta atque absoluta,

when not completed and concluded, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 87; cf.:

perfecte absolutus,

id. ib. 4, 7, 18; and:

absolutus et perfectus per se,

id. Part. Or. 26, 94 al. — Comp., Quint. 1, 1, 37.— Sup., Auct. ad Her. 2, 18, 28; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 74; Tac. Or. 5 al.—

Esp.

In rhet. lang., unrestricted, unconditional, absolute:

hoc mihi videor videre, esse quasdam cum adjunctione necessitudines, quasdam simplices et absolutas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 57, 170.—

In gram.

Nomen absolutum, which gives a complete sense without any thing annexed, e. g.:

deus,

Prisc. p. 581 P.—

Verbum absolutum, in Prisc. p. 795 P., that has no case with it; in Diom. p. 333 P., opp. inchoativum.—

Adjectivum absolutum, which stands in the positive, Quint. 9, 3, 19.— Adv.: absŏlūtē, fully, perfectly, completely (syn. perfecte), distinctly, unrestrictedly, absolutely, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38; 5, 18, 53; id. Fin. 3, 7, 26; id. Top. 8, 34 al.— Comp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 15.

Ăristīdes, is, m., = Aristeidês.

An Athenian renowned for his integrity, a contemporary and rival of Themistocles, Cic. Sest. 67, 141; id. Tusc. 5, 36, 105; Ov. P. 1, 3, 71; his life was written by Cornelius Nepos and Plutarch.—

A painter of Thebes, a contemporary of Apelles, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 98.—

A distinguished sculptor, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 50.—

A mathematician of Samos, Varr. Fragm. p. 256 Bipp.—

An obscene poet of Miletus, author of a poem Milesiaca, Ov. Tr. 2, 413; 2, 443 Jahn.

bĕnignus, a, um, adj. [as if benigenus, from bonus genus, anal. with malignus and privignus], of a good kind or nature, beneficent, kind.

Of feeling or deportment towards others, kind, good, friendly, pleasing, favorable, benignant:

nam generi lenonio, Numquam ullus deus tam benignus fuit qui fuerit propitius,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34:

benignus et lepidus et comis,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 39:

boni et benigni,

id. Phorm. 5, 2, 2:

comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,

Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

Apelles in aemulis benignus,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 88;

id. praef. § 21: divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 52:

numen,

id. ib. 4, 4, 74; cf. Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34 al.—

Of things, friendly, favorable, pleasant, mild:

animus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 22:

oratio,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48:

sociorum comitas vultusque benigni,

Liv. 9, 6, 8; 30, 14, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 20:

verba,

Prop. 1, 10, 24:

benigniora verba,

Liv. 21, 19, 11.—In the jurists, interpretatio, a mild, favorable interpretation (opp. dura, which follows the strictness of the letter; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31 sq.), Dig. 39, 5, 16:

semper in dubiis benigniora praeferenda sunt,

ib. 50, 17, 56:

benignior sententia,

ib. 37, 6, 8.—

Poet., = faustus, lucky, propitious, favorable:

dies,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 108:

nox,

id. Th. 10, 216.—

More freq. of action, beneficent, obliging, that gives or imparts freely, liberal, bounteous, etc.:

erga te benignus fui, atque opera mea Haec tibi sunt servata,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 33; id. Trin. 3, 3, 12; 2, 4, 58:

fortuna... Nunc mihi, nunc alii benigna,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 52:

qui benigniores volunt esse, quam res patitur, peccant,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44:

qui liberalis benignusque dicitur,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 48:

facilius in timore benigni quam in victoriā grati reperiuntur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 15, 8.— Poet., with gen.:

vini somnique benignus,

a hard drinker and a lover of sleep, Hor. S. 2, 3, 3.—Opp. to bonae frugi = prodigus, prodigal, lavish:

est benignus potius quam bonae frugi,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 20.—

Of things (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; cf. malignus), yielding liberally, abundant, fruitful, fertile, copious, rich: et magnas messes terra benigna daret, Tib [p. 233] 3, 3, 6:

ager,

Ov. Am. 1, 10, 56:

tellus,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 1:

vepres,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 8:

cornu,

id. C. 1, 17, 15:

egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis,

id. Epod. 17, 66:

ingenī Benigna vena est,

id. C. 2, 18, 10:

praeda,

Ov. F. 5, 174:

benigna materia gratias agendi Romanis,

Liv. 42, 38, 6: quem (ordinem) persequi longa est magis quam benigna materia, fruitful, or suitable for exhibition, Mel. prooem. § 1;

so Seneca: primus liber.. benigniorem habuit materiem,

Sen. Ira, 2, 1, 1:

ipse materiā risūs benignissima,

id. Const. 18, 1 (cf. also in Gr. aphthonos):

aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11 (sermone multo et liberali et largo, Lamb.):

benignissimum inventum, i. e. beneficentissimum,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 11. —Hence, adv.: bĕnignē (ante-class. collat. form bĕnignĭter).

In a friendly manner, kindly, benevolently, courteously, benignly:

benigne et amice facere,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109:

me benignius Omnes salutant quam salutabant prius,

id. Aul. 1, 2, 36:

ecquid ego possiem Blande dicere aut benigne facere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24:

viam monstrare,

courteously, politely, Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

salutare,

id. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

audire,

id. Clu. 3, 8:

polliceri,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

servire alicui,

Cat. 76, 3:

respondere,

Sall. J. 11, 1; Liv. 27, 4, 7:

milites adpellare,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

habere,

id. ib. 113, 2:

alloqui,

Liv. 1, 28, 1:

audire aliquem,

id. 1, 9, 4:

excipere aliquem,

id. 2, 35, 6; 21, 19, 7; Tac. A. 1, 57:

arma capere,

readily, willingly, Liv. 3, 26, 1:

audire,

Suet. Aug. 89.—In the ante-class. form benigniter, Titin. ap. Non. p. 510, 13, and Prisc. p 1010 P.—

Mildly, indulgently (in jurid. Lat.):

in poenalibus causis benignius interpretandum est,

Dig. 50, 17, 155; ib. 44, 7, 1, § 13:

benignissime rescripserunt,

ib. 37, 14, 4.—

Benigne dicis, or absol. benigne, used in colloquial lang. in thanking one for something, both when it is taken and when it is refused (the latter a courtly formula like the Gr. ainô se, zêlô se, kalôs, kallista; cf. recte), you are very kind, I thank you very much, am under great obligation; no, I thank you.

In receiving: As. Peregre cum advenis, cena detur. Di. Benigne dicis, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 27; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 62.—

In declining:

frumentum, inquit, me abs te emere oportet. Optime. Modium denario. Benigne ac liberaliter: nam ego ternis HS non possum vendere, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

dic Ad cenam veniat.. Benigne Respondet. Neget ille mihi? etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 62; id. ib. 1, 7, 16 Schmid.—

Abundantly, liberally, freely, generously:

pecuniam praebere,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 37; id. Aul. 4, 4, 20; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52 and 53; Sall. J. 68, 3; Liv. 9, 31, 5; 9, 32. 2:

benignius Deprome quadrimum,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 6:

paulo benignius ipsum Te tractare voles,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 11. —

Benigne facere alicui = bene facere, to do a favor, to show favor, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24 Ruhnk.; Cat. 73, 3:

qui plurimis in istā provinciā benigne fecisti,

Cic. Fam. 13, 67, 1; id. Off. 1, 14, 42; id. Inv. 1, 55, 109; Liv. 4, 14, 5; 28, 39, 18; Gell. 17, 5, 10 al.; cf. Rutil. Lup. p. 127 Ruhnk. (175 Frotscher).

incoho (better than inchŏo, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 95; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 109; Cic. Rep. 1, 35 Mai.; 3, 2; Front. p. 154 Rom.; Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 363; Bramb. p. 291 sq.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [for in-coco; from in and Sanscr. root kuk-, to take, grasp].

Act., to lay the foundation of a thing, to begin, commence (syn. incipere; opp. absolvere, perficere; class.).

In gen.

With acc.:

ut Phidias potest a primo instituere signum idque perficere, potest ab alio incohatum accipere et absolvere,

Cic. Fin. 4, 13, 34; cf.:

ut nemo pictor esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris eam partem, quam Apelles incohatam reliquisset, absolveret,

id. Off. 3, 2, 9; 3, 7, 33:

statuam,

Quint. 2, 1, 12:

res in animis nostris,

Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 44:

quas res nos in consulatu nostro gessimus, attigit hic versibus atque incohavit,

id. Arch. 11, 28:

philosophiam multis locis incohasti,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 9:

quod mihi nuper in Tusculano incohasti de oratoribus,

id. Brut. 5, 20:

quod hic liber incohat,

Quint. 3, 1, 2:

hanc materiam,

id. 4 praef. §

5: abrupto, quem incohaverat, sermone,

id. 4, 3, 13:

esse videatur octonarium incohat,

id. 9, 4, 73:

referamus nos igitur ad eum, quem volumus incohandum et eloquentia informandum,

Cic. Or. 9, 33:

Favonius ver incohans,

Plin. 16, 25, 39, § 94:

incohandae vindemiae dies,

id. 11, 14, 14, § 35:

pulcherrimum facinus,

Curt. 6, 7:

tum Stygio regi nocturnas incohat aras,

i. e. begins to sacrifice, Verg. A. 6, 252:

reges plures incohantur, ne desint,

are chosen, Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 51.—

With inf.:

quam si mens fieri proponit et incohat ipsa,

Lucr. 3, 183; Luc. 10, 174; Pall. Dec. 2.—

In partic., pregn. in the part. perf.: incŏhātus, a, um, only begun (opp. to finished, completed), unfinished, incomplete, imperfect (mostly Ciceron.):

ne hanc incohatam transigam comoediam,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 8:

qui exaedificaret suam incohatam ignaviam,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 95:

quae adulescentulis nobis ex commentariolis nostris incohata ac rudia exciderunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

cognitio manca atque incohata,

id. Off. 1, 43, 153:

incohatum quiddam et confusum,

id. Rep. 3, 2:

rem tam praeclaram incohatam relinquere,

id. N. D. 1, 20, 56; cf. id. Rep. 1, 35:

perfecta anteponuntur incohatis,

id. Top. 18, 69; cf.:

hoc incohati cujusdam officii est, non perfecti,

id. Fin. 4, 6, 15.—

Neutr., to begin, commence, take a beginning.

In gen. (post-class.):

moris est, ut munus hujusmodi a proficiscentibus incohat,

Symm. Ep. 7, 75:

incohante mense,

Pall. Febr. 25, 20 and 33.—

In partic., like infit, to begin to speak:

post longa silentia rursus Incohat Ismene,

Stat. Th. 8, 623. — Hence, incōhātē, adv., incipiently, incompletely, Aug. Gen. ad Lit. 6, 11.

incoho (better than inchŏo, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 95; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 109; Cic. Rep. 1, 35 Mai.; 3, 2; Front. p. 154 Rom.; Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 363; Bramb. p. 291 sq.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [for in-coco; from in and Sanscr. root kuk-, to take, grasp].

Act., to lay the foundation of a thing, to begin, commence (syn. incipere; opp. absolvere, perficere; class.).

In gen.

With acc.:

ut Phidias potest a primo instituere signum idque perficere, potest ab alio incohatum accipere et absolvere,

Cic. Fin. 4, 13, 34; cf.:

ut nemo pictor esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris eam partem, quam Apelles incohatam reliquisset, absolveret,

id. Off. 3, 2, 9; 3, 7, 33:

statuam,

Quint. 2, 1, 12:

res in animis nostris,

Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 44:

quas res nos in consulatu nostro gessimus, attigit hic versibus atque incohavit,

id. Arch. 11, 28:

philosophiam multis locis incohasti,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 9:

quod mihi nuper in Tusculano incohasti de oratoribus,

id. Brut. 5, 20:

quod hic liber incohat,

Quint. 3, 1, 2:

hanc materiam,

id. 4 praef. §

5: abrupto, quem incohaverat, sermone,

id. 4, 3, 13:

esse videatur octonarium incohat,

id. 9, 4, 73:

referamus nos igitur ad eum, quem volumus incohandum et eloquentia informandum,

Cic. Or. 9, 33:

Favonius ver incohans,

Plin. 16, 25, 39, § 94:

incohandae vindemiae dies,

id. 11, 14, 14, § 35:

pulcherrimum facinus,

Curt. 6, 7:

tum Stygio regi nocturnas incohat aras,

i. e. begins to sacrifice, Verg. A. 6, 252:

reges plures incohantur, ne desint,

are chosen, Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 51.—

With inf.:

quam si mens fieri proponit et incohat ipsa,

Lucr. 3, 183; Luc. 10, 174; Pall. Dec. 2.—

In partic., pregn. in the part. perf.: incŏhātus, a, um, only begun (opp. to finished, completed), unfinished, incomplete, imperfect (mostly Ciceron.):

ne hanc incohatam transigam comoediam,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 8:

qui exaedificaret suam incohatam ignaviam,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 95:

quae adulescentulis nobis ex commentariolis nostris incohata ac rudia exciderunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

cognitio manca atque incohata,

id. Off. 1, 43, 153:

incohatum quiddam et confusum,

id. Rep. 3, 2:

rem tam praeclaram incohatam relinquere,

id. N. D. 1, 20, 56; cf. id. Rep. 1, 35:

perfecta anteponuntur incohatis,

id. Top. 18, 69; cf.:

hoc incohati cujusdam officii est, non perfecti,

id. Fin. 4, 6, 15.—

Neutr., to begin, commence, take a beginning.

In gen. (post-class.):

moris est, ut munus hujusmodi a proficiscentibus incohat,

Symm. Ep. 7, 75:

incohante mense,

Pall. Febr. 25, 20 and 33.—

In partic., like infit, to begin to speak:

post longa silentia rursus Incohat Ismene,

Stat. Th. 8, 623. — Hence, incōhātē, adv., incipiently, incompletely, Aug. Gen. ad Lit. 6, 11.

incoho (better than inchŏo, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 95; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 109; Cic. Rep. 1, 35 Mai.; 3, 2; Front. p. 154 Rom.; Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 363; Bramb. p. 291 sq.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [for in-coco; from in and Sanscr. root kuk-, to take, grasp].

Act., to lay the foundation of a thing, to begin, commence (syn. incipere; opp. absolvere, perficere; class.).

In gen.

With acc.:

ut Phidias potest a primo instituere signum idque perficere, potest ab alio incohatum accipere et absolvere,

Cic. Fin. 4, 13, 34; cf.:

ut nemo pictor esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris eam partem, quam Apelles incohatam reliquisset, absolveret,

id. Off. 3, 2, 9; 3, 7, 33:

statuam,

Quint. 2, 1, 12:

res in animis nostris,

Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 44:

quas res nos in consulatu nostro gessimus, attigit hic versibus atque incohavit,

id. Arch. 11, 28:

philosophiam multis locis incohasti,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 9:

quod mihi nuper in Tusculano incohasti de oratoribus,

id. Brut. 5, 20:

quod hic liber incohat,

Quint. 3, 1, 2:

hanc materiam,

id. 4 praef. §

5: abrupto, quem incohaverat, sermone,

id. 4, 3, 13:

esse videatur octonarium incohat,

id. 9, 4, 73:

referamus nos igitur ad eum, quem volumus incohandum et eloquentia informandum,

Cic. Or. 9, 33:

Favonius ver incohans,

Plin. 16, 25, 39, § 94:

incohandae vindemiae dies,

id. 11, 14, 14, § 35:

pulcherrimum facinus,

Curt. 6, 7:

tum Stygio regi nocturnas incohat aras,

i. e. begins to sacrifice, Verg. A. 6, 252:

reges plures incohantur, ne desint,

are chosen, Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 51.—

With inf.:

quam si mens fieri proponit et incohat ipsa,

Lucr. 3, 183; Luc. 10, 174; Pall. Dec. 2.—

In partic., pregn. in the part. perf.: incŏhātus, a, um, only begun (opp. to finished, completed), unfinished, incomplete, imperfect (mostly Ciceron.):

ne hanc incohatam transigam comoediam,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 8:

qui exaedificaret suam incohatam ignaviam,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 95:

quae adulescentulis nobis ex commentariolis nostris incohata ac rudia exciderunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

cognitio manca atque incohata,

id. Off. 1, 43, 153:

incohatum quiddam et confusum,

id. Rep. 3, 2:

rem tam praeclaram incohatam relinquere,

id. N. D. 1, 20, 56; cf. id. Rep. 1, 35:

perfecta anteponuntur incohatis,

id. Top. 18, 69; cf.:

hoc incohati cujusdam officii est, non perfecti,

id. Fin. 4, 6, 15.—

Neutr., to begin, commence, take a beginning.

In gen. (post-class.):

moris est, ut munus hujusmodi a proficiscentibus incohat,

Symm. Ep. 7, 75:

incohante mense,

Pall. Febr. 25, 20 and 33.—

In partic., like infit, to begin to speak:

post longa silentia rursus Incohat Ismene,

Stat. Th. 8, 623. — Hence, incōhātē, adv., incipiently, incompletely, Aug. Gen. ad Lit. 6, 11.

mensūra. ae, f. [metior], a measuring, measure (class.).

Lit.:

mensuram facere alicujus, Ov A. A. 3, 265: agere,

to measure, survey, Plin. Ep. 10, 28, 5:

inire. Col 5, 3: res (quae) pondere numero mensura constant,

Gai. Inst. 2, 196.—

Transf., a measure, by which any thing is measured:

majore mensurā reddere,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 48:

qui modus mensurae medimnus appellatur,

kind of measure, Nep. Att. 2, 6:

mensuras et pondera invenit Phidon Argivus, aut Palamedes,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 198:

ex aquā, i. e. clepsydra,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13:

quicquid sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadit, numerus vocatur,

Cic. Or 20, 67:

de mensura jus dicere,

Juv. 10, 101. —

Trop., measure, quantity, proportion, capacity, power, extent, degree, etc.:

dare alicui mensuram bibendi,

to prescribe how much one may drink, Ov. A. A. 1, 589:

nostri orbis,

Tac. Agr. 12:

beneficii,

Plin. Ep. 10, 12, 2:

qui tanti mensuram nominis imples,

i. e. who answerest to its meaning, art worthy of it, Ov. P. 1, 2, 1:

ficti crescit,

measure, size, id. M. 12, 57: sui, one's own measure, i. e. capacity, Juv. 11, 35:

sed deerat pisci patinae mensura,

was too small, Juv. 4, 72: nuribus Argolicis fui Mensura voti, I was the measure of their wishes, i. e. they desired to have as much as I possessed, Sen. Herc. Oet. 400:

submittere se ad mensuram discentis,

to accommodate one's self to the capacity of the learner, Quint. 2, 3, 7: legati, character, standing. Tac. H. 1, 52:

mensura tamen quae sufficiat census,

how large a fortune, Juv. 14. 316.—In painting:

Apelles cedebat Asclepiodoro de mensuris, hoc est quanto quid a quoque distare deberet,

the degree of prominence, and relative distances, of parts of a picture, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80.—In gram.:

mensurae verborum,

the quantities of their syllables, Quint. 10, 1, 10.

Pamphĭlus, i, m., = Pamphilos, a Greek proper name.

A disciple of Plato, whom Epicurus heard, Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 72.—

A celebrated painter, a native of Amphipolis, the instructor of Apelles, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 75; 35, 11, 40, § 123.—

A rhetorician, Cic. de Or. 3, 21, 81; Quint. 3, 6, 33.