-
1 (a) historical period
English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (a) historical period
-
2 this belongs to a different historical period
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > this belongs to a different historical period
-
3 historical
[hɪ'stɔrɪk(ə)l]adjисторический, относящийся к истории- historical period- historical novel
- historical play
- historical fact
- historical figure
- historical event
- historical film
- historical pictureUSAGE:(1.) Русское прилагательное "исторический" соответствует в английском языке прилагательным historic и historical. Historic значит "важный, значительный": a historic battle (event, decision) историческое сражение (событие, решение). Historical означает "действительно существующий, достоверный, относящийся к истории": historical novels исторические романы/романы об исторических событиях; historical facts исторические факты. (2.) See -ic, -ical, suf -
4 period bibliography
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > period bibliography
-
5 historical documents pertaining to that period
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > historical documents pertaining to that period
-
6 исторический период
historical periodБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > исторический период
-
7 исторический
прил.
1) historical историческая наука исторический период историческая эпоха исторический роман
2) (исторически важный, знаменательный) historic, epoch-making играть историческую роль ≈ to play a historic part задача исторической важности ≈ a history-making task историческая речь ≈ historic speech историческая дата ≈ historic day/date исторические завоевания ≈ historic gains/attainments историческая победа ≈ epoch-making victoryисторическ|ий -
1. historical;
~ая наука the science of history;
~ факт historical fact;
~ая эпоха historical period/epoch;
~ роман historical novel;
~ подход к изучаемым явлениям historical approach to one`s subject;
~ая география historical geography;
2. (значительный) historic, epoch-making;
~ая речь historic speech;
~ое решение epoch-making decision.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > исторический
-
8 период
муж. period;
spell;
epoch, age в периоде почкования ≈ in bud силурийский период ≈ Silurian восстановительный период ≈ period of reconstruction/rehabilitation исторический период ≈ historical period период полураспада ≈ half-life, half-value period пусковой период ≈ initial phaseм. period;
в ~ чего-л. during smth. ;
в течение длительного ~а over а long period (of time) ;
длительный ~ дождей, хорошей погоды long spell of rain, of fine weather;
дополнительный ~ (в хоккее) extra/overtime period;
~ затемнения кино dark interval;
ледниковый ~ ice age, glacial period. -
9 belong
bɪˈlɔŋ гл.
1) подходить, соответствовать, сочетаться a dictionary belongs in every home ≈ словарь подходит для любого дома a man of his ability belongs in teaching ≈ человек его способностей вполне подходит для преподавания He works with all the zest that belongs to fresh ideas. ≈ Он работает с энтузиазмом, который всегда сопровождает новые идеи.
2) принадлежать, быть чьей-л. собственностью (to)
3) быть связанным( родством, зависимостью и другими отношениями) (to, with, among) ;
быть членом клуба, организации, группы To what confession do you yourself belong? ≈ А Вы сами, к какой конфессии принадлежите?
4) быть частью( чего-л.) nuts and bolts belong to a car ≈ гайки и болты являются частью автомобиля
5) амер., диал. должен The expression reported from South Dakota, "I got up at six o'clock this morning although I don't belong to get up until seven." ≈ Фраза, присланная из Южной Дакоты: "Я встал в шесть утра, хотя мне не надо было вставать раньше семи". Syn: ought, must ∙ belong to belong together belong under(to) принадлежать, быть собственностью;
- the book *s to me это моя книга;
- I can use it, but is does not * to me я могу этим пользоваться, но это не моя собственность (to) принадлежать, быть частью;
- to * to a certain set принадлежать к определенному кругу;
- to * to a club быть членом клуба;
- this *s to a different historical period это относится к другому историческому периоду;
- this wheel *s to the car это колесо от автомашины (разговорное) быть частью группы и т. п.;
составлять одно целое;
- an ardent wish to * горячее желание стать частью коллектива или группы;
- stockings that do not * два разных чулка;
- things that * together парные предметы или предметы, составляющие комплект( among, in, on, with, under) преим (американизм) относиться, иметь отношение;
сочетаться, подходить;
- the name of Koch *s with that of Pasteur имя Коха можно поставить рядом с именем Пастера;
- cheese *s with salad сыр хорош с салатом;
- where do these things *? где место этим вещам?;
- the letter *s in the archives этому письму место в архиве;
- she *s in the movies ее место в кино;
- these dishes * in the cupboard эта посуда всегда стоит в буфете;
- this book *s here этой книге полагается лежать здесь;
- I * here я родом из этих мест;
мое место здесь (устаревшее) приличествовать, подобать;
- it does not * to do this этого делать не следует;
- it does not * to a child to interrupt his parents ребенку не пристало перебивать родителейbelong быть родом из;
происходить ~ разг. быть частью группы, быть "своим";
he felt he did not belong он чувствовал себя посторонним ~ находиться, помещаться;
the book belongs on that shelf эта книга с той полки;
belong together гармонировать, подходить друг к другу ~ относиться (to - к чему-л.) ;
быть связанным (to, with, among - с кем-л., чем-л.) ~ принадлежать (to) ~ принадлежать~ to быть собственностью ~ to принадлежать~ находиться, помещаться;
the book belongs on that shelf эта книга с той полки;
belong together гармонировать, подходить друг к другу~ находиться, помещаться;
the book belongs on that shelf эта книга с той полки;
belong together гармонировать, подходить друг к другу~ разг. быть частью группы, быть "своим";
he felt he did not belong он чувствовал себя постороннимI ~ here мое место здесь I ~ here я родом из этих мест -
10 belong
[bıʹlɒŋ] v1. (to) принадлежать, быть собственностьюI can use it, but it does not belong to me - я могу этим пользоваться, но это не моя собственность /не моё/
2. 1) (to) принадлежать, быть частьюto belong to a certain set - принадлежать к определённому кругу (общества)
this belongs to a different historical period - это относится к другому историческому периоду
2) разг. быть частью группы и т. п.; составлять одно целое (с кем-л., чем-л.)an ardent wish to belong - горячее желание стать частью коллектива или группы /войти в семью и т. п./
things that belong together - парные предметы или предметы, составляющие комплект
3. (among, in, on, with, редк. under) преим. амер. относиться, иметь отношение; сочетаться, подходитьthe name of Koch belongs with that of Pasteur - имя Коха можно поставить рядом с именем Пастера
where do these things belong? - где место этим вещам?, куда их положить?
she belongs in the movies - её место в кино, ей следовало бы стать киноактрисой
this book belongs here [on this shelf] - этой книге полагается лежать здесь [стоять на этой полке]
I belong here - а) я родом из этих мест; б) моё место здесь
4. уст. приличествовать, подобатьit does not belong to do this - этого делать не следует /не нужно/
it does not belong to a child to interrupt his parents - ребёнку не пристало перебивать родителей
-
11 belong
1. v принадлежать, быть собственностью2. v принадлежать, быть частью3. v преим. амер. относиться, иметь отношение; сочетаться, подходитьwhere do these things belong? — где место этим вещам?, куда их положить?
she belongs in the movies — её место в кино, ей следовало бы стать киноактрисой
4. v уст. приличествовать, подобатьСинонимический ряд:1. be akin to (verb) be akin to; be allied to; be inherent; indwell; inhere; occupy; reside2. pertain (verb) appertain; concern; pertain; relate; vest3. set (verb) conform; fit; fit in; go; set; suit -
12 cost
-
13 cost
1. n1) цена; стоимость; себестоимость2) обыкн. pl расходы, издержки, затраты3) pl судебные издержки, судебные расходы
- absorbed costs
- accident costs
- acquisition cost
- actual cost
- actual costs
- actual manufacturing cost
- added cost
- additional cost
- adjusted historical cost
- administration costs
- administrative costs
- administrative and management costs
- administrative and operational services costs
- advertising costs
- after costs
- after-shipment costs
- aggregate costs
- agreed cost
- airfreight cost
- allocable costs
- allowable costs
- alternative costs
- amortization costs
- amortized cost
- ancillary costs
- annual costs
- anticipated costs
- applied cost
- arbitration costs
- assembly costs
- assessed cost
- average cost
- average costs
- average cost per unit
- average variable costs
- avoidable costs
- back-order costs
- basic cost
- billed cost
- book cost
- borrowing cost
- breakage cost
- break-even costs
- budget costs
- budgeted cost
- budgeted costs
- budgeted operating costs
- building costs
- burden costs
- calculated costs
- capacity costs
- capital costs
- capital floatation costs
- carriage costs
- carrying cost
- carrying costs
- centrally-managed costs
- changeover costs
- cleaning costs
- clerical costs
- closing costs
- collection costs
- combined cost
- commercial cost
- commercial costs
- committed costs
- common staff costs
- comparative costs
- competitive costs
- competitive marginal costs
- complaint costs
- conditional cost
- consequential costs
- considerable costs
- constant cost
- constant costs
- construction costs
- contract cost
- contractual costs
- controllable costs
- court costs
- crane costs
- credit costs
- cumulative costs
- current cost
- current costs
- current outlay costs
- current standard cost
- cycle inventory costs
- debt-servicing costs
- declining costs
- decorating costs
- decreasing costs
- defect costs
- defence costs
- deferred costs
- deficiency costs
- degressive costs
- delivery costs
- departmental costs
- depleted cost
- depreciable cost
- depreciated cost
- depreciated replacement cost
- depreciation costs
- designing costs
- deterioration costs
- development costs
- differential costs
- direct costs
- direct labour costs
- direct operating costs
- direct payroll costs
- discretionary fixed costs
- dismantling costs
- distribution costs
- distribution marketing cost
- domestic resource costs
- double-weighted borrowing cost
- downtime costs
- economic costs
- eligible costs
- engineering costs
- entry cost
- environmental costs
- equipment capital costs
- erection costs
- escalating costs
- escapable costs
- estimated cost
- estimated costs
- evaluation cost
- excess cost
- excess costs
- excessive costs
- exhibition costs
- exploration costs
- extra costs
- extra and extraordinary costs
- extraordinary costs
- fabrication cost
- factor cost
- factor costs
- factory cost
- factory costs
- factory overhead costs
- failure costs
- farm production costs
- farmer's cost
- farming costs
- feed costs
- fertilizing costs
- final cost
- financial costs
- financing costs
- first cost
- fixed costs
- fixed capital replacement costs
- flat cost
- floatation costs
- food costs
- foreign housing costs
- formation costs
- freight costs
- fuel costs
- full cost
- full costs
- funding cost
- general costs
- general running costs
- government-controlled production costs
- guarantee costs
- harvesting costs
- haul costs
- haulage costs
- heavy costs
- hedging cost
- hidden costs
- high cost
- hiring costs
- historical cost
- hospitality costs
- hotel costs
- hourly costs
- idle capacity costs
- idle time costs
- implicit costs
- implied interest costs
- imputed costs
- incidental costs
- increasing costs
- incremental costs
- incremental cost of capital
- incremental costs of circulation
- incremental costs of service
- incurred costs
- indirect costs
- indirect labour costs
- indirect manufacturing costs
- indirect payroll costs
- indirect production costs
- individual costs
- industrial costs
- industry-average costs
- initial cost
- inland freight cost
- inspection costs
- installation costs
- insurance costs
- insured cost
- intangible costs
- integrated cost
- interest costs
- inventoriable costs
- inventory cost
- inventory costs
- inventory acquisition costs
- inventory possession costs
- investigation costs
- investment costs
- invoiced cost
- issuing cost
- joint cost
- labour costs
- landed cost
- launching cost
- launching costs
- layoff costs
- legal costs
- legitimate costs
- life cycle costs
- life repair cost
- liquidation cost
- litigation costs
- living costs
- loading costs
- loan cost
- long-run average costs
- long-run marginal costs
- low costs
- low operating costs
- lump-sum costs
- machining cost
- maintenance costs
- maintenance-and-repair costs
- management costs
- man-power cost
- man-power costs
- manufacturing cost
- manufacturing costs
- manufacturing overhead costs
- marginal costs
- marginal-factor costs
- maritime costs
- marketing costs
- material costs
- material handling costs
- merchandising costs
- miscellaneous costs
- mixed cost
- mounting costs
- net cost
- nominal cost
- nonmanufacturing costs
- obsolescence costs
- offering cost
- one-off costs
- one-off costs of acquiring land, buildings and equipment
- one-shot costs
- operating costs
- operation costs
- operational costs
- opportunity costs
- order cost
- ordering cost
- order initiation cost
- ordinary costs
- organization costs
- organizational costs
- original cost
- original cost of the assets
- original cost of capital
- out-of-pocket costs
- overall cost
- overall costs
- overhead costs
- overtime costs
- own costs
- owning costs
- packaging cost
- packing cost
- past costs
- past sunk costs
- payroll cost
- payroll costs
- penalty cost
- penalty costs
- period costs
- permissible costs
- personnel costs
- piece costs
- planned costs
- postponable costs
- predetermined costs
- prepaid costs
- preproduction costs
- prime cost
- processing costs
- procurement costs
- product cost
- production cost
- production costs
- product unit cost
- progress-generating costs
- progressive costs
- prohibitive costs
- project costs
- project development cost
- projected costs
- promotional costs
- protected costs
- publicity costs
- purchase costs
- purchasing costs
- pure costs of circulation
- quality costs
- quality-inspection costs
- real cost
- real costs
- recall costs
- reconstruction cost
- recoverable cost
- recurring costs
- reduction costs
- reimbursable cost
- relative cost
- relevant costs
- removal costs
- renewal cost
- reoperating costs
- reoperation costs
- reorder cost
- repair cost
- repair costs
- replacement cost
- replacement costs
- replacement cost at market rates
- replacement cost of borrowing
- replacement cost of capital assets
- replacement cost of equipment
- replacement depreciation cost
- replenishment cost
- reproduction cost
- reproduction costs
- research costs
- research and development costs
- reservation costs
- rework costs
- rising costs
- road maintenance costs
- running costs
- run-on costs
- salvage cost
- salvage costs
- scheduled costs
- scrap cost
- selling costs
- semi-variable costs
- service costs
- servicing costs
- setting-up costs
- set-up costs
- shadow costs
- shelter costs
- shipping costs
- shortage costs
- single cost
- social costs
- social marginal costs
- social overhead costs
- sorting costs
- special costs
- specification costs
- spoilage costs
- staff costs
- stand costs
- standard cost
- standard costs
- standard direct labour costs
- standard direct materials cost
- standard factory overhead cost
- standing costs
- start-up costs
- stepped costs
- stocking cost
- stockout costs
- storage costs
- sunk costs
- supervision costs
- supplementary costs
- supplementary costs of circulation
- tangible costs
- target cost
- target costs
- taxable cost of shares
- tentative cost
- time-related cost
- total cost
- training cost
- training costs
- transaction costs
- transfer costs
- transhipment costs
- transport costs
- transportation costs
- travel costs
- travelling costs
- trim costs
- true cost
- true costs
- trust cost
- unamortized cost
- unavoidable costs
- underwriting cost
- unexpired costs
- unit cost
- unit costs
- unloading costs
- unrecovered cost
- unscheduled costs
- upkeep costs
- upward costs
- utility's costs
- variable costs
- variable capital costs
- wage costs
- war costs
- warehouse costs
- warehousing costs
- weighted average cost
- welfare costs
- wintering costs
- working cost
- working costs
- costs for bunker
- costs for storing
- costs of administration
- cost of appraisal
- cost of arbitration
- cost of borrowing
- cost of boxing
- cost of bunker
- cost of capital
- cost of capital deeping
- cost of carriage
- cost of carry
- cost of carrying inventory
- costs of circulation
- cost of civil engineering work
- cost of construction
- cost of a contract
- cost of credit
- cost of delivery
- cost of demonstration
- cost of discounting
- cost of disposal
- cost of education
- cost of equipment
- cost of equity capital
- cost of filing
- cost of financing
- cost of fixed capital
- cost of funds
- cost of goods
- cost of haulage
- cost of hotel accommodation
- costs of housing
- costs of idleness
- cost of installation
- cost of insurance
- costs of inventory
- cost of issue
- cost of labour
- cost of a licence
- cost of living
- cost of manpower
- cost of manufacture
- cost of manufactured goods
- cost of manufacturing
- costs of material
- costs of material inputs
- cost of money
- cost of obtaining funds
- costs of operations
- cost of an order
- cost of packaging
- cost of packing
- cost of postage
- costs of production
- cost of product sold
- cost of a project
- cost of publication
- cost of putting goods into a saleable condition
- cost of reclamation
- cost of reinsurance
- costs of reliability
- cost of renting
- cost of renting a trading post
- cost of repairs
- costs of routine maintenance
- cost of sales
- costs of sales
- cost of scrap
- cost of service
- cost of servicing
- costs of shipping
- cost of storage
- cost of a suit
- costs of supervision
- cost of tare
- costs of trackage
- costs of transportation
- cost of work
- cost per inquiry
- costs per unit
- above cost
- at cost
- at the cost of
- at extra cost
- below cost
- less costs
- minus costs
- next to cost
- under cost
- with costs
- without regard to cost
- exclusive of costs
- free of cost
- cost of market, whichever is lower
- cost plus percentage of cost
- absorb costs
- allocate costs
- assess the cost
- assess costs
- assume costs
- award costs against smb.
- bear costs
- calculate costs
- charge cost
- compute the cost
- cover the cost
- cover costs
- curb costs
- curtail costs
- cut down on costs
- cut production costs
- decrease the cost
- defray the costs
- determine the cost
- disregard costs
- distort the cost
- distribute costs
- entail costs
- estimate costs
- exceed the cost
- impose costs
- increase cost
- incur costs
- inflict economic and social costs
- involve costs
- itemize costs
- keep down costs
- meet the cost
- meet costs
- offset the cost
- offset the costs
- offset high interest costs
- overestimate production costs
- pay costs
- prune away costs
- push up costs
- recompense the cost
- recoup the cost
- recover costs
- reduce costs
- refund the cost
- revise the cost
- save costs
- sell at a cost
- share the cost
- slash costs
- split up the cost
- trim costs
- write off costs
- write off costs against revenues
- write off capital costs2. v1) стоить -
14 старинный
прил. ancient, antique, age-old (древний) ;
old, longstanding (давнишний) ;
old-fashioned (старомодный)Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > старинный
-
15 epoch
ˈi:pɔk сущ. эпоха;
век;
время, пора, эра to mark, usher in an epoch ≈ открыть новую эру glacial epoch revolutionary epoch Syn: period эпоха, век, эра - an * of scientific discoveries век научных открытий - in *s beyond historical reach в доисторические времена поворотный пункт, переломный момент( истории, жизни) - to mark an * открыть новую эру - the treaty ushered in an * of peace этим договором была открыта новая эра мира - his coming of age was an * in his life совершеннолетие открыло новую страницу в его жизни (астрономия) эпоха - * of equinox эпоха равноденствия (геология) период;
век - glacial * ледниковый период epoch эпоха;
век;
эра -
16 evolution
ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃən сущ.
1) эволюция, развитие( from;
into, to) gradual evolution ≈ постепенная эволюция historical evolution ≈ историческое развитие human evolution ≈ эволюция человека social evolution ≈ развитие общества the evolution of plants and animals ≈ эволюция растений и животных the theory of evolution by natural selection ≈ эволюционная теория естественного отбора Evolution is advance from the simple to the complex. ≈ Эволюция - это развитие от простого к сложному.
2) развитие, рост a crucial period in the evolution of modern physics ≈ критический период в развитии современной физики an accurate account of his country's evolution ≈ аккуратное описание изменений, происходящих в его стране Psychology deals with the evolution of the faculties. ≈ Психология имеет дело с развитием способностей. His long life comprised a series of evolutions. ≈ Его долгая жизнь содержит ряд крутых поворотов. Syn: growth
3) развитие, разработка( идеи, замысла, плана и т. п.) I had arrived at this conclusion by necessary evolution from the First Principle of my Philosophy. ≈ Я пришел к этому заключению на основе неизбежного углубления Первого принципа моей философии.
4) выделение, выпускание( тепла, газа, света, звука и т. п.) Syn: emission
5) мат. извлечение корня
6) воен.;
мор. перестроение, маневр, передвижение The surrounding country was level and suitable to the evolutions of cavalry. ≈ Окружающая местность была плоской и подходила для передвижения кавалерии.
7) образование небесных тел The idea of the evolution of planets is due to the great astronomer Laplace. ≈ Идея образования планет обязана своим существованием великому астроному Лапласу. развитие;
процесс изменения, роста - the * of the child развитие ребенка эволюция, постепенное развитие - Theory of E. теория эволюции, дарвинизм - the * of one species out of another развитие одного вида из другого;
превращение одного вида в другой развитие, развертывание( мысли, сюжета, аргументации и т. п.) - the * of the ages ход истории pl изгибы, завитки;
фигуры (в танцах и т. п.) - the *s of an arabesque pattern причудливые изгибы, арабески( военное) (морское) перестроение;
маневр, передвижение (математика) извлечение корня (специальное) выделение (газа, тепла) ;
образование (дыма) evolution выделение (газа, теплоты и т. n.) ~ мат. извлечение корня ~ образование небесных тел путем концентрации космического вещества ~ (обыкн. pl) воен., мор. перестроение;
маневр;
передвижение ~ развитие ~ развертывание;
развитие ~ эволюция;
Theory of Evolution эволюционная теория ~ эволюция;
Theory of Evolution эволюционная теорияБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > evolution
-
17 pertaining to
сост. пред. относительно, в отношении относительно, в отношении - historical documents * that period исторические документы, касающиеся того периода /относящиеся к тому периоду/ - the infirmities * old age недомогания, связанные с возрастом - subjects * literature предметы, относящиеся к литературе - the enthusiasm * youth энтузиазм, свойственный молодостиБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > pertaining to
-
18 pertaining to
[pəʹteınıŋtə] phr prepотносительно, в отношенииhistorical documents pertaining to that period - исторические документы, касающиеся того периода /относящиеся к тому периоду/
the infirmities pertaining to old age - недомогания, связанные с возрастом
subjects pertaining to literature - предметы, относящиеся к литературе
the enthusiasm pertaining to youth - энтузиазм, свойственный молодости
-
19 volatility
сущ.1) эк. изменчивость, непостоянство, нестабильность (напр., в характере потребительского спроса)2) фин., стат. волатильностьа) (изменчивость, колеблемость курса какого-л. финансового инструмента)б) (количественная (статистическая) оценка волатильности финансового инструмента, рассчитанная по данным за некоторый промежуток времени)Syn:variance 1)See:
* * *
неустойчивость (изменчивость) цен: показатель неустойчивости конъюнктуры; для измерения неустойчивости курса акции относительно всего рынка, т. е. рыночной неустойчивости или систематического риска используется коэффициент "бета"; для измерения неустойчивости, определяемой специфическими факторами эмитента данных акций, используется коэффициент "альфа" (напр., акция с "альфой" 1,25 может в течение года вырасти в цене на 25%); см. systematic risk;* * *. Показатель риска, основанный на стандартном отклонении эффективности инвестиционного фонда в течение трех лет. Используется шкала от 1 до 9. Более высокий рейтинг указывает на больший риск. Также, стандартное отклонение изменений логарифма цены актива, выраженное как годовая ставка. Помимо этого, неустойчивость конъюнктуры представляет собой переменную в формулах опционного ценообразования, обозначающую колебание доходности базисного актива с настоящего момента до даты истечения срока опциона . A measurement of the change in price over a given time period. Инвестиционная деятельность .* * * -
20 public broadcasting service
1) СМИ., гос. упр. общественное вещание (вещание некоммерческих СМИ на средства, собранные со слушателей и телезрителей)2) СМИ, гос. упр. = !"может быть, просто ""public broadcasting"", а не ""public broadcasting service""?"!"The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a non-profit public broadcasting television service with 354 member TV stations in the United States, with some member stations available over the air and by cable in Canada. While the term ""broadcasting"" encompasses both radio and television, PBS only covers TV; public radio in the United States is served by National Public Radio, as well as content providers American Public Media, and Public Radio International."PBS was founded on November 3, 1969,[1\] at which time it took over many of the functions of its predecessor, National Educational Television (NET) (which merged with station WNDT Newark, New Jersey to form WNET). It commenced broadcasting on Monday, October 5, 1970. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations.PBS is a non-profit, private corporation which is owned collectively by its member stations.[2\] However, its operations are largely funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Its headquarters are in Arlington, Virginia.Unlike the commercial television broadcast model of American networks such as ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, The CW and MyNetworkTV, in which affiliates give up portions of their local advertising airtime in exchange for network programming, PBS member stations pay substantial fees for the shows acquired and distributed by the national organization."This relationship means that PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial counterparts. Scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly from market to market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism and PBS strives to market a consistent national line-up. However, PBS has a policy of ""common carriage"" requiring most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common schedule, so that they can be more effectively marketed on a national basis. This setup is in many ways similar to the pre-2002 British ITV system of having some ""networked"" programs shown nationwide on all network contractors, and the remainder of scheduling being up to individual affiliates." "Unlike its radio counterpart, National Public Radio, PBS has no central program production arm or news department. All of the programming carried by PBS, whether news, documentary, or entertainment, is created by (or in most cases produced under contract with) other parties, such as individual member stations. WGBH in Boston is one of the largest producers of educational programming. News programs are produced by WETA-TV in Washington, D.C., WNET in New York and WPBT in Miami. The Charlie Rose interview show, Secrets of the Dead, NOW, Nature, Cyberchase, and The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer come from or through WNET in New York. Once a program is offered to and accepted by PBS for distribution, PBS (and not the member station that supplied the program) retains exclusive rights for rebroadcasts during the period for which such rights were granted; the suppliers do maintain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, and sometimes PBS licensed merchandise (but sometimes grant such ancillary rights as well to PBS)." "PBS stations are commonly operated by non-profit organizations, state agencies, local authorities (e.g., municipal boards of education), or universities in their community of license. In some states, PBS stations throughout the entire state may be organized into a single regional ""subnetwork"" (e.g., Alabama Public Television). Unlike Canada's CBC/SRC, PBS does not own any of the stations that broadcast its programming. This is partly due to the origins of the PBS stations themselves, and partly due to historical license issues."In the modern broadcast marketplace, this organizational structure is considered outmoded by some media critics. A common restructuring proposal is to reorganize the network so that each state would have one PBS affiliate which would broadcast state-wide. However, this proposal is controversial, as it would reduce local community input into PBS programming, especially considering how PBS stations are significantly more community-oriented, according to the argument, than their commercial counterparts.* * *Англо-русский экономический словарь > public broadcasting service
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Historical powers — include great powers, nations, or empires in history. The term Great power represent the most important world powers. In a modern context, recognised great powers came about first in Europe during the post Napoleonic era.[1] The formalization of… … Wikipedia
Historical fantasy — is a subgenre of fantasy, related to historical fiction. It includes stories set in a specified historical period but with some element of fantasy added to the world, such as supernatural events, magic or a mythical creature hidden in the cracks … Wikipedia
Period — or periodic may refer to:Language and literature* Full stop, a punctuation mark indicating the end of a sentence or phrase * Periodic sentence, a sentence that is not grammatically complete until its end * The final book in Dennis Cooper s George … Wikipedia
Historical language — Historical languages are languages that were spoken in a historical period. See: *Historical linguistics *List of languages by first written accounts *List of extinct languages *Classical language *Proto language See also *Ancient language … Wikipedia
period piece — ► NOUN ▪ an object or work that is set in or reminiscent of an earlier historical period … English terms dictionary
Historical revisionism (negationism) — For the critical re examination of historical facts, see Historical revisionism. Historical revisionism is either the legitimate scholastic re examination of existing knowledge about a historical event, or the illegitimate distortion of the… … Wikipedia
historical accounts — Constructing a complete, coherent, and accurate account of thousands of years of ancient Mesopotamian history is all but impossible, in part because none of the peoples of the region produced modern style history books describing and dating… … Ancient Mesopotamia dictioary
period — /pear ee euhd/, n. 1. a rather large interval of time that is meaningful in the life of a person, in history, etc., because of its particular characteristics: a period of illness; a period of great profitability for a company; a period of social… … Universalium
period — I. noun Etymology: Middle English periode, from Middle French, from Medieval Latin, Latin, & Greek; Medieval Latin periodus period of time, punctuation mark, from Latin & Greek; Latin, rhetorical period, from Greek periodos circuit, period of… … New Collegiate Dictionary
period — pe•ri•od [[t]ˈpɪər i əd[/t]] n. 1) an extent of time that is meaningful in the life of a person, in history, etc.: a period of illness; a period of social unrest[/ex] 2) a specific division or portion of time: the postwar period[/ex] 3) a round… … From formal English to slang
period piece — noun Date: 1940 a work (as of literature, art, furniture, cinema, or music) whose special value lies in its evocation of a historical period … New Collegiate Dictionary