(after+disappearance)

гл.; = enquire

1) (inquire about / after / for) осведомляться, справляться, спрашивать, искать

2) ( inquire into) наводить справки, разузнавать, выяснять, расследовать

(1554-1578)

   The king of Portugal whose disappearance and death in battle in Morocco in 1578 led to a succession crisis and to Spain's annexation of Portugal in 1580. He is the person after whom the cult and mythology of Sebastianism is named. Sebastião succeeded to the throne of Portugal at the tender age of three, upon the death of his father King João III in 1557. With his great-uncle Cardinal Henrique, he was the only other surviving legitimate male member of the Aviz dynasty. The Spanish menace loomed on Portugal's eastern horizons, as Phillip II of Spain gathered more reasons to make good his own strong claims to the Portuguese throne. A headstrong youth, Sebastião dreamed of glory in battle against the Muslims and was certainly influenced by the example of the feats of Phillip II's half-brother Don Juan of Austria and the naval victory against the Turks at Lepanto in 1571.

   Sebastião's great project was a victory in Africa, and he ordered a major effort to raise a fleet and army to attack Morocco. His forces landed at Tangier and Arzila and marched to meet the Muslim armies. In early August 1578, at the battle of Alcácer- Quivir, Portugal's army was destroyed by Muslim forces, and the king himself was lost. Although he was undoubtedly killed, his body was never found. The result of this foolhardy enterprise changed the course of Portugal's history and gave rise to the cult and myth that Sebastião survived and would return one foggy morning to make Portugal great once again.

Grammatical information: f. pl.

Meaning: `later born daughters' (Hekat. 363 J.); H. also ἔπισσον τὸ ὕστερον γενόμενον.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: For the formation cf. μέτασσαι f. pl. `lams of middle age' (ι 221); (perh. also the place names Ἄμφισσα, Ἄντισσα). Derivation uncertain; perh. a τ-ι̯ο-suffix (Schulze KZ 40, 412ff. = Kl. Schr. 71 n. 1), or - κ-ιο-. Acc. to Giles ClassRev. 3, 3f. ἔπι-σσαι would be analogical after μέτ-ασσαι = μετ-οῦσαι with archaic disappearance of the zero grade of the ptc. f. See Schwyzer 472 w. n. 2.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `vine with grapes' in ὄσχαι κλήματα βοτρύων γέμοντα H. (similar Harp.; unclear Nic. Al. 109).

Other forms: Also ὤσχη κληματίς (EM, Suid., H.); m.pl. ὠσχοί τὰ νέα κλήματα σὺν αὑτοῖς τοῖς βότρυσι H. (thus a.o. EM 619, 32, where οἰ- after οἶνος?); sg. Aristodem. ap. Ath. 11, 495 f.

Compounds: Most often in ὠσχο-φόρια n. pl. name of an Athen. festive day, with - φόροι m. pl., - φορικός (since IV^a; on the meaning Rutgers van der Loeff Mnem. 43, 404ff.); codd. also ὀ- (thus ὄσχος as conj. Ar. Ach. 997). Hypostasis ἐπ-όσχ-ιον n. `offshoot of a vine' (Gal.); furher details Strömberg Wortstud. 53 f.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Unexplained. By Brugmann IF 19, 379 n. 1, Grundr.² II: 2, 816 and by Bloomfield Lang. 3, 213f. connected with σχ-εῖν `hold', σχ-εδόν with prefixed ὠ-, ὀ-; semantically far from evident (cf. on 1. ὄζος). Scheftelowitz IF 33, 141, 144f. compares, quite as hypothetically, the isolated MPers. azg `branch', NPers. azaɣ `twig, bud'; details in WP. 1, 185 a. 2, 301. -- The disappearance of the word in its orig. meaning may be due to its metaph. use (s. 1), or the existence of 1. - The word is no doubt Pre-Greek, which is shown by the variation of the initial (not in Furnée).

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rise [raɪz]

hauteur ⇒ 1 (a) lever ⇒ 1 (b) montée ⇒ 1 (b) hausse ⇒ 1 (c) se lever ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b) se relever ⇒ 2 (a) s'élever ⇒ 2 (b), 2 (f) augmenter ⇒ 2 (c) monter ⇒ 2 (c), 2 (g)

(pt rose [rəʊz], pp risen ['rɪzən])

1 noun

(a) (high ground) hauteur f, éminence f; (slope) pente f; (hill) côte f;

∎ we reached the top of a steep rise nous sommes arrivés au sommet d'une côte raide

(b) (of moon, sun, curtain) lever m; (to power, influence) montée f, ascension f; (in rank) avancement m, promotion f; (of industry, technology) essor m;

∎ the rise and fall of the tide le flux et le reflux de la marée;

∎ the rise and fall of the Roman Empire la croissance et la chute ou la grandeur et la décadence de l'Empire romain;

∎ the rise and fall of the fascist movement la montée et la chute du mouvement fasciste;

∎ her rise to fame came overnight elle est devenue célèbre du jour au lendemain;

∎ British familiar to get or to take a rise out of sb faire marcher qn, faire enrager qn

(c) (increase → of price, cost of living, crime, accidents) hausse f, augmentation f; (→ in bank rate, interest) relèvement m, hausse f; (→ of temperature, pressure) hausse f; (→ in level of river) crue f; (→ of affluence, wealth) augmentation f; British (→ in salary) augmentation f (de salaire);

∎ to be on the rise être en hausse;

∎ there has been a steep rise in house prices les prix de l'immobilier ont beaucoup augmenté;

∎ the rise in the price of petrol la hausse du prix de l'essence;

∎ there was a 10 percent rise in the number of visitors le nombre de visiteurs a augmenté de 10 pour cent;

∎ there has been a steady rise in the number of accidents les accidents sont en augmentation régulière;

∎ rise in value appréciation f;

∎ Stock Exchange to speculate on a rise jouer à la hausse;

∎ British to be given a rise être augmenté

(d) (origin → of river) source f;

∎ figurative to give rise to sth donner lieu à qch, entraîner qch;

∎ it gave rise to a lot of hostility/difficulties cela a provoqué une forte hostilité/beaucoup de difficultés;

∎ their disappearance gave rise to great scandal/suspicion leur disparition a provoqué un énorme scandale/éveillé de nombreux soupçons

2 intransitive verb

(a) (get up → from chair, bed) se lever; (→ from knees, after fall) se relever;

∎ he rose (from his chair) to greet me il s'est levé (de sa chaise) pour me saluer;

∎ to rise to one's feet se lever, se mettre debout;

∎ he rises late every morning il se lève tard tous les matins;

∎ all rise! (in courtroom) levez-vous s'il vous plaît!;

∎ Horseriding to rise in the saddle faire du trot enlevé;

∎ the horse rose on its hind legs le cheval s'est cabré;

∎ rise and shine! debout!;

∎ Religion to rise from the dead ressusciter d'entre les morts;

∎ he looked as if he'd risen from the grave il avait une mine de déterré

(b) (sun, moon, star, fog) se lever; (smoke, balloon) s'élever, monter; (land) s'élever; (fish) mordre; Theatre (curtain) se lever;

∎ to rise into the air (bird, balloon) s'élever (dans les airs); (plane) monter ou s'élever (dans les airs);

∎ the birds rose above our heads les oiseaux se sont envolés au-dessus de nos têtes;

∎ to rise to the surface (swimmer, whale) remonter à la surface; (anger) faire surface; (doubts, conflict) se faire jour;

∎ also figurative to rise to the bait mordre à l'hameçon;

∎ the colour rose in or to her cheeks le rouge lui est monté aux joues;

∎ his eyebrows rose in surprise il leva les sourcils de surprise;

∎ laughter/cheers rose from the crowd des rires/des hourras montèrent de la foule;

∎ a feeling of panic rose in me un sentiment de panique s'est emparé de moi;

∎ disturbing images rose into my mind des images troublantes me vinrent à l'esprit;

∎ to rise to the occasion se montrer à la hauteur de la situation;

∎ figurative to rise from the ashes renaître de ses cendres

(c) (increase → value) augmenter; (→ number, amount) augmenter, monter; (→ prices, costs) monter, augmenter, être en hausse; (→ temperature, pressure) monter; (→ barometer) monter, remonter; (→ wind) se lever; (→ tide, river level) monter; (→ tension, tone) monter; (→ voice) s'élever;

∎ gold has risen in value by 10 percent la valeur de l'or a augmenté de 10 pour cent;

∎ to rise by 10 dollars/by 10 percent augmenter de 10 dollars/de 10 pour cent;

∎ the pound has risen against the dollar la livre s'est appréciée vis-à-vis du dollar;

∎ to make prices rise faire monter les prix;

∎ prices are rising les prix montent ou sont à la ou en hausse;

∎ rents are rising fast les loyers augmentent rapidement;

∎ the river has risen by two metres la rivière est montée de deux mètres;

∎ the wind has risen to gale force le vent se mit à souffler en tempête;

∎ his voice rose above the noise of the crowd sa voix s'élevait au-dessus du bruit de la foule;

∎ his spirits rose when he heard the news il a été soulagé ou heureux d'apprendre la nouvelle

(d) Cookery (dough) lever; (soufflé) monter

(e) (become erect → hair) se hérisser;

∎ the dog's hackles rose le chien s'est hérissé de colère;

∎ the hair on the back of her neck rose ses poils se sont hérissés

(f) (mountains, buildings) se dresser, s'élever;

∎ the trees rose above our heads les arbres se dressaient au-dessus de nos têtes;

∎ the mountain rises to 2,500 m la montagne a une altitude de ou culmine à ou s'élève à 2500 m;

∎ the steeple rises 200 feet into the air le clocher a ou fait 60 mètres de haut;

∎ many new apartment blocks have risen in the past ten years de nombreux immeubles neufs ont été construits au cours des dix dernières années

(g) (socially, professionally) monter, réussir;

∎ to rise in society réussir socialement;

∎ to rise in the world faire son chemin dans le monde;

∎ to rise to fame devenir célèbre;

∎ to rise to power accéder au pouvoir;

∎ to rise in sb's esteem monter dans l'estime de qn;

∎ to rise to the rank of colonel monter jusqu'au grade de colonel;

∎ to rise through the ranks monter les échelons un à un;

∎ to rise from the ranks sortir du rang;

∎ she rose to the position of personnel manager elle a réussi à devenir chef du personnel

(h) (revolt) se soulever, se révolter ( against contre);

∎ to rise in arms prendre les armes;

∎ to rise in protest against sth se soulever contre qch

(i) (adjourn → assembly, meeting) lever la séance; (→ Parliament, court) clore la session;

∎ Parliament rose for the summer recess la session parlementaire est close pour les vacances d'été

(j) (originate → river) prendre sa source

►► Computing rise time temps m de montée

➲ rise above inseparable transitive verb

(obstacle, fear) surmonter; (figure) dépasser;

∎ this book never rises above the level of potboiler ce livre n'est que de la littérature alimentaire;

∎ she seems to rise above that kind of petty jealousy elle semble être au-dessus de ce genre de jalousie mesquine;

∎ try to rise above it tâche de rester au-dessus de la mêlée;

∎ politics should rise above the level of personal attacks le débat politique ne devrait pas se situer au niveau des attaques personnelles

➲ rise up intransitive verb

(a) (get up) se lever;

∎ to rise up from one's chair se lever de sa chaise

(b) (go up) monter, s'élever;

∎ the smoke/the balloon rose up into the sky la fumée/le ballon s'élevait dans le ciel

(c) (revolt) se soulever, se révolter;

∎ to rise up against an oppressor se soulever contre un oppresseur

(d) Religion ressusciter;

∎ to rise up from the dead ressusciter d'entre les morts

(e) (appear) apparaître;

∎ a strange sight rose up before his eyes un spectacle étrange s'offrit alors à son regard;

∎ a shadowy figure rose up out of the mist une ombre surgit de la brume

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Public utilities

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After attending Owens College, Manchester, Hopkinson was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1867 to read for the Mathematical Tripos. An appointment in 1872 with the lighthouse department of the Chance Optical Works in Birmingham directed his attention to electrical engineering. His most noteworthy contribution to lighthouse engineering was an optical system to produce flashing lights that distinguished between individual beacons. His extensive researches on the dielectric properties of glass were recognized when he was elected to a Fellowship of the Royal Society at the age of 29. Moving to London in 1877 he became established as a consulting engineer at a time when electricity supply was about to begin on a commercial scale. During the remainder of his life, Hopkinson's researches resulted in fundamental contributions to electrical engineering practice, dynamo design and alternating current machine theory. In making a critical study of the Edison dynamo he developed the principle of the magnetic circuit, a concept also arrived at by Gisbert Kapp around the same time. Hopkinson's improvement of the Edison dynamo by reducing the length of the field magnets almost doubled its output. In 1890, in addition to-his consulting practice, Hopkinson accepted a post as the first Professor of Electrical Engineering and Head of the Siemens laboratory recently established at King's College, London. Although he was not involved in lecturing, the position gave him the necessary facilities and staff and student assistance to continue his researches. Hopkinson was consulted on many proposals for electric traction and electricity supply, including schemes in London, Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds. He also advised Mather and Platt when they were acting as contractors for the locomotives and generating plant for the City and South London tube railway. As early as 1882 he considered that an ideal method of charging for the supply of electricity should be based on a two-part tariff, with a charge related to maximum demand together with a charge for energy supplied. Hopkinson was one the foremost expert witnesses of his day in patent actions and was himself the patentee of over forty inventions, of which the three-wire system of distribution and the series-parallel connection of traction motors were his most successful. Jointly with his brother Edward, John Hopkinson communicated the outcome of his investigations to the Royal Society in a paper entitled "Dynamo Electric Machinery" in 1886. In this he also described the later widely used "back to back" test for determining the characteristics of two identical machines. His interest in electrical machines led him to more fundamental research on magnetic materials, including the phenomenon of recalescence and the disappearance of magnetism at a well-defined temperature. For his work on the magnetic properties of iron, in 1890 he was awarded the Royal Society Royal Medal. He was a member of the Alpine Club and a pioneer of rock climbing in Britain; he died, together with three of his children, in a climbing accident.

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