(ναῦς

1) long, of space and time (langt sverð, löng stund);

2) neut., langt, long, far, distant; þeir áttu eigi langt til eyjarinnar, they had no long distance to the island;

3) e-m er langt at e-m, one is interested in a person; hvat er yðr langt at þessum mönnum, what interest do you take in these men?;

4) long, wearisome (þér mun langt þykkja hér á heiðinni).

* * *

löng, langt, adj., compar. lengri, superl. lengstr, [common to all Teut. languages]:—long, of space and time; löng sverð, Fas. i. 379; af löngu skeggi, Skálda 181; lengri hina eptri fætr, Stj.; þóat sú sé lengri, N. G. L. i. 44; þeir lifa opt langan aldr er með orðum eru vegnir, a saying = Engl. words break no bones, Nj. 252; hann fékk eigi mælt tveim orðum lengra samfast, Hkr. ii. 138; Föstudagr inn langi, Long Friday, Good Friday, passim; langt líf, Hom. 12; mjök langa hríð, Nj. 94; þá er dagr er sem lengstr, þá er nótt er sem lengst, Landn. (pref.); vili þér þiggja lengra líf, Fms. vi. 166; sigr þinn mun eigi langr vera, xi. 23; höfum vér eigi heyrt þessa sögu lengri, we have not heard this story any farther, i. e. here ends the tale, Njarð. (fine); þat er löng saga at segja, ‘tis a long story to tell, Fms. xi. 99; seint er um langan veg at spyrja tíðenda, a saying, Edda 31; endi-langr, liggja endi-langr, to lie at full length; hón lagðisk sem hón var löng hjá honum, Karl. 47: long in prosody, Skálda 175, 179.

II. neut. long, far, distant; langt á milli fjalls ok fjöru, Landn. 57; ok áttu eigi langt til eyjarinnar, Fms. i. 41; langt í brott, a long way off, far away, Stj. 195; langt mun yðr flestum til at ér veiðit svá, Ó. H. 78; fljótið var svá mikit, at langt var um úreitt, that it was impassable far beyond that, Nj. 63; hann seildisk upp svá hátt sem hann mátti lengst, Edda 33; svá langt vestr, at engi hefir síðan lengra eignask, Landn. 41; lið kom vel til hans ór héruðum, en fátt kom um lengra, Fms. iv. 385; þvíat þeir ætluðu ekki lengra í kveld en til Höfðabrekku, Nj. 252; ok þurfti þar eigi lengra at grafa til vatns en í djúpum dölum, Edda (pref.); langt mun í milli vera lítilmennsku minnar ok þess hins mikla áhuga er þér býr í brjósti, Fms. iv. 80: in the saying, leita langt um skammt, cp. Lat. quod petis hic est, Nj. 207.

III. adverbial phrases; of langt, far off, þá sá hann of langt krossinn, 656 B. 5; langt frá, far from it! langt-um, by far; langtum betra, better by far.

2. löngu or laungu, long since; sá ek þetta löngu á hans yfirbragði, Fms. i. 141; svá sem ek sagða yðr löngu, 139; sem mér sagði löngu hugr um, Nj. 191; mjök löngu, very long ago, Sks. 117; seg oss ný tíðendi, löngu fundumsk vit næst, we have not seen one another for an age, Bjarn. 15: fyrir löngu, long ago; þat vissa ek fyrir löngu at ek var vel kvæntr, Gísl. 69; hann hafði tekinn verit ór jörðu fyrir löngu áðr, Fms. i. 51: löngum, long, mostly, continuously; Eirekr var löngum með föður sínum, 6; hón var löngum um nætr á kirkju at bænum sínum, Ld. 328; en þó löngum ( mostly) vel stiltr, Nj. 38; þeir vóru samflota, svá at hvárir vissu löngum til annarra, Eg. 126: compar. lengrum, longer; lengrum en lög stóðu til, Fms. xi. 99; þeir skolu skipta vikum eða smærum, ok eigu þeir at ráða er lengrum vilja skipta, Grág. ii. 350: superl. lengstum, mostly, most of the time; höfuðborg sú er Geira sat í lengstum, Fms. i. 101; hann var þó lengstum at Grjótá, Nj. 135; gamanmál er þit munut lengstum um tala, Ld. 306.

IV. metaph. longing, taking interest in; hvat er yðr langt at þessum mönnum, hvárt mægð eðr frændsemi, what interest take you in these men? Fms. ii. 211; hann lét eigi ráða, hvárt menn vóru tignir eða útignir, eðr honum mikit at langt eða lítið, Rb. 364.

2. neut. long, weary; langt þykki mér, ligg ek einn saman, Eg. (in a verse); þat vil ek, at þú komir til heimkynna minna, þvíat þér mun langt þykkja hér á heiðinni, Grett. 130 new Ed.

V. in many local names, Lang-ey, Langa-nes, Langa-hlíð, Langa-land (the Danish island), etc., Landn.; see below.

B. COMPDS: langabein, langabúr, langidjákn, Langafasta, Langifrjádagr, Langaspjót, langatöng.

II. lang-afi, a, m. a great grandfather. lang-amma, u, f. a great grandmother; langömmu-bróðir, -systir, a great granduncle, aunt. lang-áss, m. a purlin, opp. to þvertré, Fms. ix. 512. lang-bakki, a, m. (see bakki 2); in the phrase, skjóta í langbakka, to stave off for a long time, Fms. x. 132. lang-band, n. the purlin along the roof in a house. lang-barðr, m. a halberd, Hkm. 7; Edda (Gl.) reckons it amongst swords: name of a serpent, Edda (Gl.) Lang-barðar, m. pl. the Lombards, either from their beard (barð) or battle axe (barða), Skv. 3, Greg. 63. Langbarða-land, n. Lombardy, Mart. lang-bein, n. = langabein, a nickname, Ann. lang-bekkr, m. a long bench, bench lengthways, opp. to þverbekkr, Fms. vi. 193, Sturl. i. 142, iii. 182. Lang-brók, f. ‘Long-breek,’ nickname of a lady on account of her tall stature, Nj. lang-eldar, m. pl. long fires (see eldr II), Eb. 276, Nj. 15, Korm. 144. lang-ermar, f. pl. long sleeves, Fms. vii. 321. lang-feðgar, m. pl. agnate-forefathers, ancestors by the father’s side, counted upwards, Hkr. i. 1, Eg. 2, Nj. 158. langfeðga-kyn, n. the lineage of langfeðgar, Hkr. i. 14. langfeðga-nöfn, n. pl. the name of one’s langfeðgar, Edda 153 (pref.) langfeðga-tal, n. a tale or roll of langfeðgar, agnate pedigree, Eg. 536: the name of an old historical work containing ancient pedigrees of kings, Hkr. i. (pref.) langfeðga-tala, u, f. = langfeðgatal, Nj. 25. langfeðga-ætt, f. = langfeðgakyn, Fms. x. 158. lang-feðgin, n. pl. ancestors, agnate and cognate. lang-feðr, m. pl. = langfeðgar, and langfeðra-tal, n. = langfeðgatal, Gþl. 284, Stj. 331, Fagrsk. 151, Hom. 46. lang-feðri, n. = langfeðgar, Landn. 167. lang-ferð, f. a long journey, Sturl. ii. 185, Fs. 51, Bs. ii. 162. langferða-maðr, m. one who ‘fares’ far, a far traveller, Fs. lang-frami, a, m. lasting fame, Orkn. 466, Fb. ii. 513, Mar.; á langframann, mod. til langframa, adverb. for good, Rétt, 4. 25. lang-fættr, adj. long-legged, Stj. 276. lang-för, f. = langferð, Eb. 298. lang-gæði, n. long-lasting, corrupt from langæð. lang-gæðr and langæðligr, adj. a later and inferior form for langær, langæligr, Bs. i. 62, Fas. iii. 57. lang-háls, m. long-neck, a nickname, Landn. lang-hálsaðr, adj. long-necked, Njarð. 364. lang-hendr, adj. with long hands, Ld. 298. Lang-hlíðingar, m. pl. the men from Langahlíð, Sturl. lang-húfr, m. long-hulk, name of a ship, Bs. lang-húsa, að, to run, in a pun (langhús = rann), Krók. 63, 64. lang-hyggja, u, f. long-suffering, Barl. 42. lang-höfðaðr, adj. long-beaked, of a ship, Hkv. 1. 24. lang-höfði, a, m. a nickname, Sturl. lang-knakkr, m. a kind of bench, Finnb. 310. lang-lega, u, f. a long stay, of a weatherbound ship, Fms. ix. 296; as also of long sickness in bed. lang-leggr, m. the long leg, bone of a leg of mutton, Bárð. 176, Háv. 40. langleggjar-stykki, n. a leg of mutton, Háv. 40. lang-leiði, n. lengthwise; langleiði sín á milli, at a long distance, Stj. 73, Eg. 579. lang-leikr, m. length, Stj. 346. lang-leitr, adj. long-faced, Fms. i. 155, ii. 20, vii. 175, 321, Þiðr. 174, Bs. i. 72. lang-liðit, n. part. after a long time, Bs. ii. 133. lang-liga, adv. for a long time past, = mod. langalengi, Js. 24, Sturl. iii. 297, Fas. ii. 268. lang-lífi, n. long life, Fms. vii. 73, K. Þ. K. 60. lang-lífr, adj. long-lived, Fs., Fms. iii. 173. lang-loka, u, f. ‘long-lock,’ a kind of eight-lined verse in which the first and the last line make a sentence, whilst the six between them are intercalary, of which Edda (Ht.) 14 furnishes a specimen: in mod. usage langloka is a poem not divided into strophes, for specimens of which see Snót 72, 215. lang-lund, f. long-suffering, langlundar-geð, n. id. lang-minni, n. a long memory. lang-minnigr, adj. having a long memory, Nj. 30, v. l.: long to be remembered, Pr. 158. lang-mælgi, f. long-winded talk, Fms. v. 225. lang-mæli, n. long talk, Hom. 125, Bs. ii. 117. lang-mæltr, part. long-spoken, long-winded, Sks. 316, Hom. (St.) lang-nefjaðr, adj. long-nosed, Sturl. ii. 133, iii. 105. lang-nefjur, f. pl. rowlocks, Edda (Gl.) lang-nefr, m. long-nose, a nickname, Sturl. lang-niðjar, m. pl. a descending lineage by the father’s side, pedigree of agnates, counted downwards, Vsp. 16; opp. to landfeðgar when counted upwards in time. lang-nætti, n. the long night, Fr. lang-orf, n. a long handle of a scythe, Korm. 38, Sturl. i. 180, Sks. 358. lang-pallr, m. a dais along (not across) the hall, Fms. vi. 439. lang-reið, f. a long ride, Vígl. 61. lang-ræða, u, f. a long talk, Fms. ix. 252. lang-ræðr, part. long-spoken, long-winded, Sks. 316. lang-ræki, n. rancour, an unforgiving temper, N. G. L. ii. 417, Hom. 33, 143. lang-rækr, adj. having a long memory, brooding long over past wrongs, Anal. 171, Eb. 42, Bret. 92, Þiðr. 181, Fas. iii. 520. lang-samlega, adv. incessantly. lang-seta, u, f. a long stay, Vm. 113. lang-setis, adv. lengthways, lang-skepta, u, f. a long-shafted spear, Karl. 405. lang-skeptr, part. long-shafted, Sks. 388, Fs. 64. lang-skip, n. a long ship, a kind of large ancient ship of war, distinguished from the lesser skeið, both being distinguished from the merchant’s knörr (cp. Gr. ναυς μακρα, Lat. longa navis), Hkv. 2. 11, Ó. H., Fms. passim, Eg. 37, 42; langskips mastr, rá, segl, a mast, yard, sail of a long ship, Sturl. i. 194, Eg. 198, 515, Fms. vii. 30, passim. langskipa-görð, f. building of a langskip, Gþl. 121. langskips-búza, u, f. = langskip, Hkr. ii. 143. langskips-menn, m. pl. the crew of a long ship, Fms. ii. 16, Fs. 92. lang-skör, f. the lower hem of a tent, Fas. i. 372. lang-staðinn, part. of old date, long-standing, Lv. 77. lang-stóll, m. a long seat, Vm. 7, Fas. i. 84. lang-stræti, n. a long street, Fms. viii. 319. lang-sýnn, adj. far-sighted, Fas. i. 157. lang-sæi, f. a far sight, Edda i. 544. lang-sær, adj. long-sighted, prophetic, Lv. 81. lang-talaðr, part. long-spoken, Fms. i. 288. lang-úðigr, adj. = langrækinn, Hkr. iii. 252. lang-vari, a, m.; til langvara, to last long, Njarð. 376. lang-vaxinn, part. longish, Fms. ii. 59. lang-vé, mod. lang-vía, u, f. a bird, columbus troile, Edda (Gl.) lang-viðir, m. pl. the long timbers in a house or ship, N. G. L. i. 65, 100, Hom. 95. lang-viðri, n. pl. long-continued weather, heat, cold, or the like; langviðrum skal eyða grund, Mkv. 24; cp. Ísland eyðist af langviðrum ok lagaleysi, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 438. lang-vinnr, adj. long-lasting, of sickness, bad weather, or the like. lang-vinr, m. a friend of long standing, Hm. 157, Fas. ii. 64, Bárð. 173; langvinirnir rjúfask sízt, a saying, Grett. 184 new Ed. lang-vist, f. a long abode, Hom. 9, Fr.: adv. langvistum, staying long, Fbr. 33, Fms. vii. 112, Eg. 227, Fs. 149. lang-vængr, m. long wing (?), Vm. 27. lang-þili, n. the wainscot lengthwise, opp. to þverþili, Gþl. 346. lang-æð, f. long-lasting; til langæðar eða fullnaðar, Bs. i. 740, Ant. 112. lang-æliga, adv. for a long time, Sturl. ii. 186, MS. 625. 77. lang-æligr, adj. long-lasting, Stj. 47, Fas. i. 171, Bs. i. 311. lang-ær, adj. [langr and æ = ever, or akin to Germ. ew, ewig], long-lasting; langætt musteri, MS. 677. 6: vegsama föður þinn ok móður, svá at þú sért langær yfir jörðinni, Stj. 301 (Fifth Commandment); hverr eldrinn mun vera heitari ok langærri, Fms. vii. 37; má vera at sigrinn verði ekki langær, ii. 10; at langær friðr standi í þessu landi, Bs. i. 572.

n. boat-house, boat-shed.

* * *

n. [Dan. nöst; Orkn. noust; from an obsolete nó-r = a ship, with which cp. Lat. navis, Gr. ναυς]:—a ship-shed, boat-house, often used in pl., like Lat. navalia or Engl. docks; konungr hafði látið göra hús mikit, þat er hann ætlaði til nausts, þat var nírætt at lengd en sextigi álna breitt, Fms. vii. 247, x. 13, Ó. H. 62, 115, Fbr. 93 new Ed.; skip í nausti, Korm. 68; hann gengr út ór naustinu, id.; hann leyndisk í naustinu, ofan frá naustinu, Grett. 88, 97, 99, Fs. 147, Háv. 27 new Ed., Eb. 236, passim; hurða-naust, a shed of hurdles, Háv. 20 new Ed.: poët., nausta blakkr, ‘naust-steed,’ i. e. a ship, Hkr. i. (in a verse); böðvar-naust, war-shed, i. e. a shield, Nj. (in a verse); hríðar-n., tempest-shed, i. e. the sky, Harms. 23: local name, Nausta-lækr, Ísl. ii.

COMPDS: naustdyrr, naustgörð, naustveggr.

n. an inlet, sea-loch; this word is still used in Dan., and freq. in Dan. local names, e. g. Mön’s nor, Falster nor, Noret near to Danavirki in Sleswig; but it is obsolete in Icel., and not recorded in old writers.

m., gen. nós, dat. nói, [an antiquated word, perh. akin to Lat. navis, Gr. νηυς, ναυς], a kind of ship, Edda (Gl.): a smith’s trough, Björn; brand-nór (í brand-nói), a ‘hearth-ship,’ i. e. a house, poët., Ýt.

1) encl. acc. dat. gen. du. of 1st pers. pron. (cf. Pāṇ. 8-1, 20) RV. etc.. etc.. ( VS. alsoﾠ ṇau;

2) f. a ship, boat, vessel RV. etc. etc.;

-ου ⁺ τό N 2 2-7-17-5-11=42 Gn 49,13; Dt 28,68; Jgs 5,17; 2 Chr 8,18

ship; see ναῦς

αὐτοσχέδι-ος, α, ον, also ος, ον Plu.Sull.7:—

A hand to hand: used by Hom., in dat., αὐτοσχεδίῃ (sc. μάχῃ) in close fight, in the mêlée,

αὐτοσχεδίῃ μεῖξαι χεῖράς τε μένος τε Il.15.510

: acc. fem. as Adv., = αὐτοσχεδόν I,

Ἀντιφάτην δ'.. πλῆξ' αὐτοσχεδίην 12.192

, 17.294;

αὐτοσχεδίην οὐτασμένος Od.11.536

: also

ἔς τ' αὐ. καὶ προμάχους ἰέναι Tyrt.11.12

.

II offhand, improvised, rough and ready,

ἐξ αὐτοσχεδίης πειρώμενος h.Merc.55

;

ποιήματα αὐ. D.H.2.34

;

μαντικὴ αὐ. Plu.Sull.7

;

τετρήρη ναυπηγεῖν αὐ. Arist.Fr. 600

; βωμός, τείχη, D.H.1.40, 3.67;

μνῆμα Hld.2.4

;

ναῦς Max.Tyr.12.2

; of persons,

αὐτοσχέδιος ὢν περὶ τὰς ἰσηγορίας Plu.2.642a

;

σοφιστής Ach.Tat.5.27

;

ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοσχεδίου εἰπεῖν D.C. 73.1

; τὸ αὐ., opp. τὸ περιπτωτικόν, in Empiric medicine, Gal.1.66. Adv.

-ίως, γεννηθῆναι LXX Wi.2.2

;

οἰκοδομεῖσθαι Paus.6.24.3

.

2 ready to hand,

ὕλη Id.10.32.15

; wild, natural,

ἄνθη Lib.Decl.13.50

.

αὔτ-ανδρος, ον, ([etym.] ἀνήρ)

A together with the men, men and all,

ναῦς αὐτάνδρους ἀπέβαλον Plb.1.23.7

, cf. Sosyl.p.31 B., A.R.3.582, Luc.Bacch.3, etc.;

πόλεις αὐ. ἀνῃρῆσθαι D.H.7.60

: hence αὔ. λαός the people, every man of them, J.BJ3.7.31.

βᾰθύ-πλοος, ον,

A going deep in the water, ναῦς prob. in D.S.3.40.

βᾰθυ-τέρμων, ον, gen. ονος,

A deep, large,

ναῦς Opp.C.2.87

.

βάπτω, [tense] fut. βάψω ([etym.] ἐμ-) Ar. Pax 959: [tense] aor.

A

ἔβαψα S.Aj.95

, etc.:— [voice] Med., [tense] fut.

βάψομαι Ar.Lys.51

: [tense] aor.

ἐβαψάμην Arat.951

, AP9.326 (Leon.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

βᾰφήσομαι LXXLe.11.32

, M.Ant.8.51: [tense] aor.

ἐβάφθην AP6.254

(Myrin.), ([etym.] ἀπ-) Ar.Fr. 416; in [dialect] Att. generally ἐβάφην [ᾰ] Pl.R. 429e, etc.: [tense] pf.

βέβαμμαι Hdt.7.67

, Ar. Pax 1176.

I trans., dip, ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἀνὴρ χαλκεὺς πέλεκυν.. εἰν ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βάπτῃ (so as to temper the red-hot steel) Od.9.392;

β. εἰς ὕδωρ Pl.Ti. 73e

, cf. Emp.100.11;

τἄρια θερμῷ Ar.Ec. 216

; εἰς μέλι, εἰς κηρόν, Arist.HA 605a29, de An. 435a2:—[voice] Pass., βαπτόμενος σίδηρος iron in process of being tempered, Plu.2.136a; and of coral, become hard, Dsc.5.121 (s. v. l.).

b of slaughter in Trag,

ἐν σφαγαῖσι βάψασα ξίφος A.Pr. 863

;

ἔβαψας ἔγχος εὖ πρὸς Ἀργείων στρατῷ; S.Aj.95

;

φάσγανον εἴσω σαρκὸς ἔβαψεν E.Ph. 1578

(lyr.); in later Prose,

εἰς τὰ πλευρὰ β. τὴν αἰχμήν D.H.5.15

;

β. τὸν δάκτυλον ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος LXXLe.4.17

.

c also, dip in poison,

ἔβαψεν ἰούς S.Tr. 574

; χιτῶνα τόνδ' ἔβαψα ib. 580.

2 dye, ἔβαψεν.. ξίφος the sword dyed [the robe] red, A.Ch. 1011; β. τὰ κάλλη dye the beautiful cloths, Eup.333;

β. ἔρια ὥστ' εἶναι ἁλουργά Pl.R. 429d

;

εἵματα βεβαμμένα Hdt.7.67

;

τρίχας βάπτειν AP11.68

(Lucill.): abs. in [voice] Med., dye the hair, Men.363.4, Nicol.Com.1.33; glaze earthen vessels, Ath.11.480e; of gilding and silvering, Ps.-Democr.Alch.p.46 B.: Com., βάπτειν τινὰ βάμμα Σαρδιανικόν dye one in the [red] dye of Sardes, i. e. give him a bloody coxcomb, Ar. Ach. 112; but βέβαπται β. Κυζικηνικόν he has been dyed in the dye of Cyzicus, i. e. is an arrant coward, Id. Pax 1176 (v. Sch.).

3 draw water by dipping a vessel,

ἀνθ' ὕδατος τᾷ κάλπιδι κηρία βάψαι Theoc. 5.127

; ἀρύταιναν.. ἐκ μέσου βάψασα τοῦ λέβητος ζέοντος ὕδατος draw water by dipping the bucket, Antiph.25, cf. Thphr.Char.9.8; βάψασα ποντίας ἁλός (sc. τὸ τεῦχος) having dipped it so as to draw water from the sea, E.Hec. 610.

4 baptize, Arr.Epict.2.9.20 ([voice] Pass.).

II intr., ναῦς ἔβαψεν the ship dipped, sank, E.Or. 707; β. εἰς ψυχρὸν [αἱ ἐγχέλυς] Arist.HA 592a18; εἰ δ' ὁ μὲν (sc. ἠέλιος)

ἀνέφελος βάπτοι ῥόου ἑσπερίοιο Arat.858

( ῥόον Sch.): c. acc., νῆα.. βάπτουσαν ἤδη κῦμα κυρτόν dipping into.., Babr.71.2:—also [voice] Med.,

ποταμοῖο ἐβάψατο Arat. 951

.

2 βάψας (sc. τὴν κώπην) Ar.Fr. 225. (Cf. O Norse kuefia 'dip'.)

βῐο-δώτωρ, ορος, ὁ, = foreg., ib.73.2, IG3. 239.

2 furnishing a livelihood, [ ναῦς] AP7.585 (Jul.).

βοηθ-έω (sts. written βοιηθέω, IG22.237 (iv B. C.), BGU1007.12 (iii B. C.)), [dialect] Ion. [full] βωθέω, only Hsch. βωθέοντες, not in Hdt. (but cf. Eust.812.59) or Hp., cf.

A

βοηθήσω Michel 12.15

(Erythrae, iv B. C.); [dialect] Dor. [full] βοᾱθοέω SIG421.27 ([place name] Thermon); [dialect] Aeol.βαθόημι (q. v.):—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

A

- ήσομαι Lib.Or.1.128

:—come to aid, succour, assist, aid, c. dat.,

τῇ σφετέρῃ Hdt.1.82

;

τοῖσιν ἠδικημένοις E.IA79

;

πρὸς τοὺς αὑτῶν ψιλούς X.HG1.2.3

;

τινὶ ἀντία τινός Hdt.5.99

;

τινὶ πρὸς τὸ ἄναντες X.HG4.8.38

; ναυσὶ β. τινί πολιορκουμένῳ ib.1.6.22;

β. τοῖς φίλοις τὰ δίκαια Id.Mem.2.6.25

; β. τοῖς τῶν προγόνων ἀτυχήμασιν Aeschin.3.169;

β. τῷ λόγῳ Pl.Phd. 88e

; β. τῷ θεῷ maintain his rights, Epist. Philipp. ap. D.18.157;

β. τοῖς νόμοις Aeschin.1.33

: c. dat. et acc.,

πατρὶ βοηθῶν θάνατον Pl.Lg. 874c

; of a physician,

β. τῷ θερμῷ ἐπὶ τὸ ψυχρόν Hp.VM13

: abs., Plu.Alex. 19.

2 abs., come to the rescue, Hdt.1.30, 7.158, A.Supp. 613, etc.;

β. παρά τινα Hdt.9.57

; ἐπί τινα against one, Id.1.62, 4.125, Th.1.126, etc.; β. ἐς .. Hdt.6.103; ἐπὶ .. Th.3.97, 4.72;

ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς Id.8.11

;

ἐκεῖσε D.4.41

; β. πρός τι contribute to an object, v. l. in Arist.EN 1155a14, cf. Metaph. 1079b16, or keep it off, Id.Resp. 474b24, HA 621a13; χρήμασι with money, Id.EN 1130a19: Medic., βοηθεῖ πρὸς τὸ κώνειον it is an antidote to.., Thphr.HP9.20.1; freq. in Dsc. as

β. τοῖς φαγοῦσι 4.83

.

3 [voice] Pass., to be assisted, receive help,

παρά τινος Arist. Rh. 1383b28

;

βοηθήσομαι LXX Da.11.34

, but

βοηθηθήσομαι Is.44.2

; ἐβοήθην ib.10.3, 2 Ch.26.15 (v.l. ἐβοηθήθην)

; ἵν' ὦ βεβοηθημένη PRyl.122.12

(ii A. D.); esp. of patients, derive benefit, Dsc.4.82, Plu.2.687f: impers.,

ἐμοὶ βεβοήθηται τῷ τεθνεῶτι Antipho 1.31

;

ταύτῃ μοι βεβοηθημένον ἐγεγόνει φιλοσοφίᾳ Pl.Ep. 347e

.

γάρ ([etym.] γε, ἄρα), causal Conj., used alone or with other Particles.

I introducing the reason or cause of what precedes, for,

τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γ. Δαναῶν Il.1.56

, etc.; but freq. in expl. of that wh. is implied in the preceding clause,

πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα.. τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον 2.118

, etc.: hence,

b in simple explanations, esp. after a Pronoun or demonstr. Adj.,

ἀλλὰ τόδ' αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· Ἕκτωρ γ. ποτε φήσει 8.148

, cf. Od.2.163; ὃ δὲ δεινότατον.. ὁ Ζεὺς γ. .. Ar.Av. 514;

ὃ δὲ πάντων ἀδικώτατον ἔδοξε· τῶν γὰρ προγε γραμμένων ἠτίμωσε καὶ υἱούς Plu.Sull.31

; freq. in introducing proofs or examples, μαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γ. καθαιρομένης .. Th.1.8; τεκμήριον δέ· οὔτε γ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι .. Id.2.39, cf. D.20.10, etc.; in full, τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου τόδε· αἱ μὲν γ. .. Hdt.2.58; παράδειγμα τόδε τοῦ λόγου· ἐκ γ. .. Th.1.2; δηλοῖ δέ μοι τόδε· πρὸ γ. .. ib.3.

c to introduce a detailed description or narration already alluded to, ὅμως δὲ λεκτέα ἃ γιγνώσκω· ἔχει γ. [ἡ χώρα] πεδία κάλλιστα .. X.An.5.6.6, etc.

d in answers to questions or statements challenging assent or denial, yes,.., no,.., οὔκουν.. ἀνάγκη ἐστί;—ἀνάγκη γ. οὖν, ἔφη, ay doubtless it is necessary, X.Cyr.2.1.7, cf. § 4 and 13; indicating assent,

ἔχει γ. Pl.Phdr. 268a

; ἱκανὸς γ., ἔφη, συμβαίνει γ., ἔφη, Id.R. 502b, 502c,cf. Ap. 41a, etc.; οὔκουν δὴ τό γ' εἰκός.—οὐ γ.: Id.Phdr. 276c.

2 by inversion, preceding the fact explained, since, as,

Ἀτρεΐδη, πολλοὶ γ. τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί.. τῷ σε χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι Il.7.328

; χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος ([etym.] χρῆν γ. Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς) ἔλεγε πρὸς τὸν Γύγην τοιάδε, Γύγη, οὐ γ. σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι.. ([etym.] ὦτα γ. τυγχάνει κτλ.) , ποίει ὅκως .. Hdt.1.8. cf. 6.102, al.; εἶεν, σὺ γ. τούτων ἐπιστήμων, τί χρὴ ποιεῖν; Pl.Phd. 117a; the principal proposition is sts.

b blended with the causal one, τῇ δὲ κακῶς γ. ἔδεε γενέσθαι εἶπε, i.e. ἡ δέ ([etym.] κακῶς γ. οἱ ἔδεε γενέσθαι)

εἶπε Hdt. 9.109

, cf. 1.24, 4.149, 200, Th.1.72, 8.30.

c attached to the hypothet. Particle instead of being joined to the apodosis, οὐδ' εἰ γ. ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ θεήλατον, ἀκάθαρτον ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἦν οὕτως ἐᾶν, i.e. οὐδὲ γ. εἰ ἦν .., S.OT 255.

d repeated, οὐ γ. οὖν σιγήσομαι· ἔτικτε γ. .. Id.OC 980, cf. Ant. 659 sq., 1255.

3 in elliptical phrases, where that of which γάρ gives the reason is omitted, and must be supplied,

a freq. in Trag. dialogue and Pl., when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτ' ἐτόλμας τούσδ' ὑπερβαίνειν νόμους;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., S.Ant. 450, cf. OT 102, etc.;

καλῶς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠγάνισαι Pl. Smp. 194a

; freq. in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινόν; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ .. ; [why,] could there be.. ? D.4.10; with negs., Ar.Ra. 262 τούτῳ γ. οὐ νικήσετε [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ., v. infr.11.1.

b to confirm or strengthen something said, οἵδ' οὐκέτ' εἰσί· τοῦτο γάρ σε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, E. Med. 1370: after an Exclamation,

ὦ πόποι· ἀνάριθμα γ. φέρω πήματα S.OT 168

(lyr.), cf. E.Hel. 857.

c in conditional propositions, where the condition is omitted, else, οὐ γ. ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν (sc. εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον) X.An.7.6.33; γίνεται γ. ἡ κοινωνία συμμαχία for in that case, Arist.Pol. 1280b8.

4 in abrupt questions, why, what, τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκεν; why who hath sent thee? Il.18.182; πῶς γ. νῦν.. εὕδουσι; 10.424; πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμοί; what, wilt thou.. ? A.Ch. 909: generally, after interrog. Particles, ἦ γ. .. ; what, was it.. ? S.OT 1000, 1039, etc.; τί γ.; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, Id.OC 539, 542, 547, etc.; τί γ. δή ποτε; D.21.44; also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. οὔ;, v. πῶς.

5 to strengthen a wish, c. opt., κακῶς γ. ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish ! E.Cyc. 261; cf. αἴ, εἰ, εἴθε, πῶς.

II joined with other Particles:

1 ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλ' ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ .. but [far otherwise], for.., Il.15.739; ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσ' αἵδ' ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [hush], for.., A.Th. 861; ἀλλ' οὐ γ. σ' ἐθέλω .. but [look out] for.., Il.7.242; in full,

ἀλλ' οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτ έρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον Od.14.355

;

ἀλλ', οὐ γ. ἔπειθε, διδοῖ τὸ φᾶρος Hdt.9.109

.

2 γ. ἄρα for indeed, Pl.Prt. 315d, Smp. 205b.

3 γ. δή for of course, for you know, Il.2.301,23.607, Hdt.1.34, 114, etc.; φάμεν γ. δή yes certainly we say so, Pl.Tht. 187e, cf. 164d;

οὐ γ. δή S.Ant.46

, etc.

4

γ. νυ Od.14.359

.

5 γ. οὖν for indeed, to confirm or explain, Il.15.232, Hdt.5.34, S.Ant. 489, 771, etc.; φησὶ γ. οὖν yes of course he says so, Pl.Tht. 170a;

γ. οὖν δή Id.Prm. 148c

, etc.; οὐ γ. οὖν ib. 134b; cf. τοιγαροῦν.

6 γ. που for I suppose, esp. with negs., Id.R. 381c, Phd. 62d, etc.;

οὐ γ. δήπου Id.Prt. 309c

.

7 γ. ῥα, = γὰρ ἄρα, Il.1.113, al.

8 γ. τε, 23.156; also

τε γ. D.19.159

, Arist.Pol. 1333a2, al.

9 γ. τοι for surely.., E.Hel.93, Supp. 564, etc.;

οὐ γ. τοι Od.21.172

, etc.; cf. τοιγάρτοι.

B POSITION: γάρ prop. stands after the first word in a clause, but in Pocts it freq. stands third or fourth, when the preceding words are closely connected, as ὁ μὲν γὰρ .. S.Aj. 764; χἠ ναῦς γὰρ .. Id.Ph. 527; τό τ' εἰκαθεῖν γὰρ .. Id.Ant. 1096; τὸ μὴ θέμις γὰρ .. A.Ch. 641, cf. 753: also in Prose, τὸ κατ' ἀξίαν γὰρ .. Arist. EN 1163b11: sts. for metrical reasons, where there is no such connexion, as third (A.Ag.222.729, S.Ph. 219 (all lyr.)), fourth (Ar.Av. 1545); in later Com. fifth (Men.462.2); sixth (Antiph.26.22); seventh (Men.Epit. 531, Pk. 170, Athenio 1.5); once sixth in S.,

καιρὸς καὶ πλοῦς ὅδ' ἐπείγει γὰρ κατὰ πρύμναν Ph. 1451

.

2 inserted before the demonstr. -ί, as νυνγαρί for νυνὶ γάρ; cf. νυνί.

C QUANTITY: γάρ is sts. long in Hom. metri gr.,

θήσειν γὰρ ἔτ' ἔμελλεν Il.2.39

;

φωνῆς γὰρ ἤκουσα h.Cer.57

.—In [dialect] Att. always short: Ar.Eq. 366, V. 217, Lys.20 are corrupt.

γαστρο-ειδής, ές,

A paunchlike, round,

ναῦς Plu.Per.26

: in Eust.1684.28 [suff] γαστρο-οίδης (leg. γαστροίδης).

γαυλός, ὁ,

A milk-pail, Od.9.223, AP6.35 (Leon.); water-bucket, Hdt.6.119; machine for raising water, IG 11.146A 29 ([place name] Delos): generally, any round vessel, beehive, AP9.404 (Antiphil.); drinking-bowl, Antiph.224.5, Theoc.5.104, Longus3.4.

2 = ὁ ἐξ ἀλλοτρίων ζῶν, Hsch., Cyr.; also, = εὐεξαπάτητος, Id.

II [full] γαῦλος (on the accent cf. Hdn. Gr.1.156, Eust.1625.3), ὁ, round-built Phoenician merchant vessel, opp.

μακρὰ ναῦς, γαύλοισιν ἐν Φοινικικοῖς Epich.54

, cf. Hdt.3.136, 137, Ar.Av. 602, Call.Sos.9.7, etc.

γεμ-ίζω, ([etym.] γέμω)

A fill full of, load, freight or charge with, prop. of a ship,

τινός Th.7.53

, X.HG6.2.25, etc.; γεμίσας τὴν ναῦν ξύλων Test. ap.D.21.168;

ναῦν σίτου D.34.36

;

θηρίων τὰς ναῦς Plb.1.18.8

;

τραπέζας θοίνης OGI383.146

([place name] Commagene); of animals, load,

κτήνη PFay.117.14

(ii A. D.), cf.PTeb.419.17 (iii A. D.): c. dupl.acc., PFlor. 195.4 (iii A. D.); σποδοῦ γ. λέβητας charging them with ashes, A.Ag. 443; γεμίσω σε let me fill you, addressed to a cup, Theopomp.Com. 32; αὑτόν stuff, gorge, Men.Pk. 296; τὴν κοιλίαν ἀπό τινος v.l. in Ev.Luc.15.16:—[voice] Med., D.20.31;

ἐγεμιζόμην ἀνθρωπείου τροφῆς Luc. Asin.46

:—[voice] Pass., metaph. of the Cyclops, E.Cyc. 505 (lyr.); of bees,

γεμισθεῖσαι ἀποπέτονται Arist.HA 624b2

: c. gen., γ. ἀλαζονείας, εὐσεβείας, Ph.2.186, 357.

II later, c. acc. rei, γεμίζειν ὕδωρ (sc. τὴν ὑδρίαν) to fill it full of water, Paus.3.13.3:—[voice] Pass., οἶνον, πῦρ γεμισθείς, AP12.85 (Mel.).

γλύφω [pron. full] [ῠ], [tense] fut.

A

γλύψω LXX Ex.28.9

: [tense] aor.

ἔγλυψα Str.9.2.25

:— [voice] Med., [tense] aor.

ἐγλυψάμην Theoc.Ep.8

, Plu.2.806d:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 1 part.

γλυφθέν AP6.229

(Crin.), but [tense] aor. 2 γλυφέν [ῠ] App.Anth.3.79 (Posidipp.), Ps.-Callisth.3.22, ([etym.] δια-) Ael.VH14.7: [tense] pf.

γέγλυμμαι AP9.752

(Ascl. or Antip. Thess.), Pl.Smp. 216d, ([etym.] ἐγ-) Hdt.2.106, but

ἐξ-έγλ- Eup.331

, Pl.R. 616d:—carve, cut out with a knife,

ναῦς τ' ἔγλυφεν Ar.Nu. 879

; γ. σφρηγῖδας engrave them, Hdt.7.69, cf. Pl. Hp.Mi. 368c; of sculptors, opp. γράφω, Hdt.2.46, Str.l.c.; ἔγλυψέν με σίδηρος, written under a statue, IG14.973:—[voice] Med., cause to be engraved, Theoc.l.c., Plu. l.c.

II note down or write [on waxen tablets],

τόκους AP11.289

(Pall.).

III [voice] Pass., to be hatched,

ἕως γλυφῆναι τὰ ὠά Antig.Mir.97

. (Cf. Lat. glūbo 'peel', glūma 'husk', OHG. klioban 'cleave'.)

γυμν-άζω, [tense] fut. - άσω: [tense] aor.

A

ἐγύμνασα A.Ag. 540

: [tense] pf.

γεγύμνακα Id.Pr. 586

(lyr.):—[voice] Med., (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐγυμνάσθην [D.]61.43: [tense] pf. γεγύμνασμαι (v. infr.): ([etym.] γυμνός):—train naked, train in gymnastic exercise: generally, train, exercise, τὸ σῶμα, τὴν ψυχήν, Isoc.2.11;

ἑαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς ἵππους X.An.1.2.7

;

ἑαυτὸν πρός τι Arr.Epict.2.18.27

: c. inf., γ. τοὺς παῖδάς τι ποιεῖν train or accustom them to do a thing, X.Cyr.1.6.32; γ. τινά τινι accustom him to it, ib.1.2.10;

τινὰ περί τι Isoc.10.5

; teach rhetoric, Phld.Rh.2.50S.:—[voice] Med., exercise for oneself, practise,

γυμνάσασθαι τέχνην Pl.Grg. 514e

;

τὰ περὶ τὰς διαίτας Str.14.2.19

;

γυμνάσιον τὸ εἰωθός Ael.VH5.6

; practise gymnastic exercises, Thgn. 1335, Hdt.7.208, Th.1.6. etc.;

δρόμῳ IG4.955.8

(ii A. D.), etc.; generally, practise,

ναῦς -ομένας X.HG1.1.16

; of a disputer, Arist.Top. 108a13, etc.:—[voice] Pass., ὁ γεγυμνασμένος the trained or practised orator, opp. ὁ εὐφυής, Id.Rh. 1410b8; γεγυμνάσθαι πρός τι, ἔντινι, be trained or practised for or in a thing, Pl.Lg. 626b, 635c;

περὶ τὰ ὅπλα γυμνάζεσθαι X.HG6.5.23

: c. acc.,

τὰ πρὸς τὰς πολεμικὰς πράξεις γεγυμνασμένοι τὰς ἕξεις.. Arist.Pol. 1319a22

;

θήραν Philostr.VA3.9

: c. gen., γεγ. θαλάττης, πολέμων, σοφίας, Id.Her.2.15,3.1,10.1;

καρδία γεγ. πλεονεξίας τινί 2 Ep.Pet.2.14

; also

ὕδωρ ὑπὸ συνεχῶν πληγῶν γεγ. καὶ κεκαθαρμένον J.AJ3.1.2

.

2 prepare,

βιβλίδιον PFlor.338.4

(iii A. D.).

II metaph., wear out, harass,

ἄδην με.. πλάναι γεγυμνάκασι A.Pr. 586

;

ἔρως πατρῴας τῆσδε γῆς σ' ἐγύμνασε Id.Ag. 540

; κρυμὸς.. πλευρὰ γυμνάζει χολῆς, of pleurisy, E.Fr. 682:—[voice] Pass.,

τοὺς ὑπερμήκεις δρόμους.. γυμνάζεται A.Pr. 592

.

2 investigate, Sammelb. 5941.12 ([voice] Pass., vi A. D.).

III = γυμνόω, PSI1.70 ([voice] Pass., vi A. D.).

δεκᾰνᾱΐα, ἡ, ([etym.] ναῦς)

A squadron of ten ships, Plb.22.7.4, D.S.14.103, prob. in Str.7.7.6.