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1 ἀγκ-
Grammatical information: rootMeaning: `curve'Compounds: ἀγκυλομήτης `who thinks crookes thoughts' (Il.) from *μη-μι (cf. Skt. mā́ti) Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 306.Derivatives:With l-suffix: ἀγκάλη f., mostly pl. `curved arm, armfull' (Archil.); ἀγκαλίς, - ίδες (Il.) - ἀγκύλος `curved, bent' (Il.) For the stem in -u- cf. Skt. aṅku-rá- `hook' (note Wheeler's law). For the l-suffix cf. OHG angul `fishhook', ON ōl f. `belt' (like ἀγκύλη), ōll `germ' etc. Uncertain ἀγκλόν σκολιόν H. –With n-suffix: ἀγκών, - ῶνος m. `elbow', dat. pl. ἀγκάσι (Opp.), cf. ἀγκάς below (Il.). Feminine formation ἄγκοιναι `arms' (Il.). With old -e- ἐπ-ηγκενίδες `long planks on a ship' (Bechtel Lex.) –Unclear ἀγκάς ἀγκάλας H. (Bechtel Lex.). Adverb ἀγκάς `in the arms' (Il.), except Ψ 711 only before vowel, probably the elided dat. pl. with zero grade suffix of ἀγκών ( ἀγκάσι like φρασί).One generally takes here ἄγκῡρα `ancre' (Alk.), but I suggest it is a substratum word (typical Pre-Greek suffix, hardly from - ur-ya-; cf. γέφῡρα, γόργῡρα). (LW [loanword] lat. ancora, and Marāthi naṅgar `id.'.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [45] *h₂enk- `bend'Page in Frisk: 1,11-12Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀγκ-
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2 ἀρήν
ἀρήν, ἀρνόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `sheep, lamb' (Il.).Other forms: Nom. ῥήν A. R. 4, 1497, from the compounds; ῥᾶνα· ἄρνα prob. Elean.Dialectal forms: Myc. wereneja \/wrēneja\/ in a list of leather goods; woroneia \/ worneja\/; waniko \/ warniskos\/, found as a PN in class. lg. In Gortyn Ϝαρήν.Derivatives: ἄρνειος `of a sheep or lamb' (Hdt.), like αἴγειος, βόειος (Chantr. Form, 50f.); - ἀρνακίς `sheepskin' (Ar.), haplol. fem. of *ἀρνό-νακος? - Uncertain ἀρνειός, ἀρνευτήρ (s. v.). βάννεια· τὰ ἄρνεια, καὶ τὰ βάννιμα τὸ αὐτὸ H. (cf. Chantr. Form. 61). Popular ἄριχα (acc.) ἄρρεν πρόβατον H., βάριχοι (= Ϝ-) ἄρνες H. (Chantr. Form. 403; the absence of the nasal is unexplained), confirmed by PN Ϝαριχος Tarente.Etymology: ἀρήν \< Ϝαρήν agrees with Arm. gar̄n, -in (n-Stamm) `lamb'. Skt. úraṇ-a- continues *ur̥h₁-en- m. `id.'; cf. MPers. varak `ram'. The original inflection was * urh₁-ēn, * urh₁-en-m, * urh₁-n-os \> *Ϝαρ-ην, *Ϝαρ-εν-α, *Ϝρη-ν-ος; so Ϝαρ-ν- is due to a reshaping. Not to εἶρος `wool' which is from *ϜέρϜος, nor to Lat. vervēx.Page in Frisk: 1,137-138Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀρήν
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3 ἀρνός
ἀρήν, ἀρνόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `sheep, lamb' (Il.).Other forms: Nom. ῥήν A. R. 4, 1497, from the compounds; ῥᾶνα· ἄρνα prob. Elean.Dialectal forms: Myc. wereneja \/wrēneja\/ in a list of leather goods; woroneia \/ worneja\/; waniko \/ warniskos\/, found as a PN in class. lg. In Gortyn Ϝαρήν.Derivatives: ἄρνειος `of a sheep or lamb' (Hdt.), like αἴγειος, βόειος (Chantr. Form, 50f.); - ἀρνακίς `sheepskin' (Ar.), haplol. fem. of *ἀρνό-νακος? - Uncertain ἀρνειός, ἀρνευτήρ (s. v.). βάννεια· τὰ ἄρνεια, καὶ τὰ βάννιμα τὸ αὐτὸ H. (cf. Chantr. Form. 61). Popular ἄριχα (acc.) ἄρρεν πρόβατον H., βάριχοι (= Ϝ-) ἄρνες H. (Chantr. Form. 403; the absence of the nasal is unexplained), confirmed by PN Ϝαριχος Tarente.Etymology: ἀρήν \< Ϝαρήν agrees with Arm. gar̄n, -in (n-Stamm) `lamb'. Skt. úraṇ-a- continues *ur̥h₁-en- m. `id.'; cf. MPers. varak `ram'. The original inflection was * urh₁-ēn, * urh₁-en-m, * urh₁-n-os \> *Ϝαρ-ην, *Ϝαρ-εν-α, *Ϝρη-ν-ος; so Ϝαρ-ν- is due to a reshaping. Not to εἶρος `wool' which is from *ϜέρϜος, nor to Lat. vervēx.Page in Frisk: 1,137-138Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀρνός
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4 γαῖσος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: a Gaulish javelin (Ph. Bel.).Other forms: also γαῖσον n.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Lat.Etymology: Like Lat. gaesum from Gaulish, but through Latin. - Cf. the PN Gaesāto-rīx, Gaeso-rīx, Vandal. Gaise-rīcus, Goth. Rada-gaisus. - Celtic OIr. gae, Corn. gew `javelin'. Here also OHG OS gēr, OE gār, ON geirr m. `spear'. Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 425, Pok. 410. - Further s. χαῖος. Acc. to Ath. 6, 273f. the word was Iberian.Page in Frisk: 1,282-283Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γαῖσος
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5 γῆρυς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `voice, speech' (Il.).Etymology: Comparable forms are found in Celtic and Germanic. However, these have often a short vowel: from Germanic one cites Goth. kara f. `care, solicitude' and OE cearu f. `id.', OHG chara f. `lament(ation)'; OIr. ad-gair \< * gar-et. (But LIV 142 reconstructs *gr̥-i̯e-). Further there are forms with - rr-: Lat. garrio, with which Gr. γαρριώμεθα (q.v.; hardly with expressive gemination) is connected. For γῆρυς one assumes lengthened grade, but this is quite improbable in PIE (especially in the case of a); it is evident to reconstruct * geh₂r-. But one cites OIr. gāir f. `cry', Welsh gawr `crying, battle'. Perhaps the group must be split (in this way also LIV, for semantic reasons); a reconstruction *ǵar- is impossible, as PIE did not have an a.Page in Frisk: 1,305Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γῆρυς
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6 δελφύς
δελφύς, - ύοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `womb' (Hp.).Derivatives: Also δολφός ἡ μήτρα H.Etymology: Beside the feminine word for `womb' there is with zero grade the neuter Av. gǝrǝbuš- `young animal'; so for δελφύς too an s-stem may be considered (Schwyzer 516). With δολφός agrees (unless from *δελφός, cf. secondary Δολφοί) Skt. gárbha-, Av. garǝβa- m. `womb'. The Greek form with labiovelar (*guelbʰ-u-, *guolbʰ-o-) does not agree to one of the Germanic forms, OHG kilbur n. `mother-lamb', OHG kalb ` Kalb' etc., which like Lat. vulva and galba have to remain apart. - Unclear ἀδελιφήρ ἀδελφός. Λάκωνες H. (with secondary anaptyctical ι s. Schwyzer 278).Page in Frisk: 1,363Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δελφύς
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7 ἔαρ 2
ἔαρ 2., ἔαροςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `spring' (Il.; cf Schwyzer 251).Derivatives: ἐαρινός (also εἰ-, ἠ- like εἴαρος through metrical lengthening), poet. also ἠρινός `belonging to the spring' (Il.); idem ἐάρτερος (Nic. Th. 380, with contrasting - τερος, Schwyzer-Debrunner 183); ἐαρίδας τὰς κανθαρίδας H.; on the semantics Strömberg Wortstudien 13. - Denomin. verb ἐαρίζω `bloom as in spring etc.' (Pl.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1174] *u̯es-r̥ `spring'Etymology: From γέαρ ἔαρ H. and Hom. prosody (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 128) one concludes to Ϝέαρ, from *Ϝέσαρ, an old r-n-stem: Av. loc. vaŋri \< * vasr-i `in spring', Arm. gar-un `spring', Lith. vasar-à `summer'; OCS etc. vesn-a `spring', Skt. vasan-tá- `id.' (cf. heman-tá- `winter', s. χειμών). On the Celtic forms s. Pok 1174. - Beside IE *u̯es-r-, *u̯es-n- Lat. vēr, ONord. vār n. (o-stem). Porzig Gliederung 110f. suggests, that Lat.-Germ. *u̯ēr- was changed after the wordt for `year', IE *i̯ēr- (s. ὥρα). - With ἐαρινός cf. Lith. vasarìnis `of the summer' and Lat. vernus (like hibernus, hornus).Page in Frisk: 1,432-433Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔαρ 2
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8 ἔαρος
ἔαρ 2., ἔαροςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `spring' (Il.; cf Schwyzer 251).Derivatives: ἐαρινός (also εἰ-, ἠ- like εἴαρος through metrical lengthening), poet. also ἠρινός `belonging to the spring' (Il.); idem ἐάρτερος (Nic. Th. 380, with contrasting - τερος, Schwyzer-Debrunner 183); ἐαρίδας τὰς κανθαρίδας H.; on the semantics Strömberg Wortstudien 13. - Denomin. verb ἐαρίζω `bloom as in spring etc.' (Pl.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1174] *u̯es-r̥ `spring'Etymology: From γέαρ ἔαρ H. and Hom. prosody (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 128) one concludes to Ϝέαρ, from *Ϝέσαρ, an old r-n-stem: Av. loc. vaŋri \< * vasr-i `in spring', Arm. gar-un `spring', Lith. vasar-à `summer'; OCS etc. vesn-a `spring', Skt. vasan-tá- `id.' (cf. heman-tá- `winter', s. χειμών). On the Celtic forms s. Pok 1174. - Beside IE *u̯es-r-, *u̯es-n- Lat. vēr, ONord. vār n. (o-stem). Porzig Gliederung 110f. suggests, that Lat.-Germ. *u̯ēr- was changed after the wordt for `year', IE *i̯ēr- (s. ὥρα). - With ἐαρινός cf. Lith. vasarìnis `of the summer' and Lat. vernus (like hibernus, hornus).Page in Frisk: 1,432-433Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔαρος
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9 θερμός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `warm' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 1, member, e. g. Θερμο-πύλαι (Hdt.; s. Risch IF 59, 267). On ἄ-, ἔκ-, ἔν-θερμος etc. s. below on θέρμη and θερμαίνω.Derivatives: A. Substantives. 1. θέρμη, also - μᾰ (s, Schwyzer 476 n. 2, Chantraine Formation 102 and 148) f. `warmth, heat, heat of fever' (IA) with ἄ-θερμος `without warmth' (Frisk Adj. priv. 11), ἔν-θερμος `with warmth inside, warm' (Strömberg Greek Prefix Studies 95); θερμίζω `be feverish' (Euboea). 2. θερμότης `warmth, heat' (IA). 3. θερμωλή `id.' (Hp.; Frisk Eranos 41, 52). 4. θερμέλη ἡ θέρμη Suid. (Strömberg Wortstudien 79). 5. θέρμασσα = κάμινος (Hdn. Gr. 1, 267; formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer 525f., Müller-Graupa Glotta 31, 129). - B. Adjectives: 1. θερμώδης `lukewarm' (Aret.); here Θερμώδων, - οντος river name (Boeotia, Pontos; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 2, 236; 3, 162). 2. θερμηρός adjunct of ποτήριον (H. s. κελέβη; to θέρμη?). - C. Verbs: 1. θέρμετο ipf. `became warm' (Il.), θέρμετε ipv. `warmeth!' (θ 426; after it Ar. Ra. 1339); on the formation cf. Schwyzer 722f. 2. θερμαίνω, aor. θερμῆναι `warm' (Il.), often with prefix, e. g. ἐκ-θερμαίνω `warm completely' (Hp., Arist.) with postverbal ἔκθερμος `very hot' (Vett. Val.); from there θέρμανσις `heating' (Arist.) with θερμαντικός `fit to make warm' (Pl., Arist.), θερμασία `heating, warmth' (Hp., Arist.; cf. Schwyzer 469), θέρμασμα `warming cuff' (medic.; s. Chantraine Formation 176), θερμάστρᾱ s. θερμάζω; θερμαντήρ "warmer", `kettle to cook water' (Poll.) with θερμαντήριος `warming' (Hp., inscr.). 3. θερμάζω `id.' only aor. opt. med. θερμάσσαιο (Nic. Al. 587) with θερμάστρα f. `furnace' (Call.; also to θερμαίνω); also θερμαύστρα written through confusion with θερμαυστρίς ( θέρμ-) `fire-tongs' (Arist., H.), cf. πυρ-αύστρα `id.' ( αὔειν `bring fire'); also metaph. as name of a dance (Poll., Ath.) with θερμαυστρίζω (Critias, Luc.); from θερμάστρα: θερμαστρίς ( θέρμ-) = θερμαντήρ (Eup., LXX); the forms in - αστρ-, - αυστρ- are not regularly distinguished, cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 189 w. n. 6; through dissimilation θέρμαστις meaning unclear (Attica IVa) with θερμάστιον (Aen. Tact.).Etymology: Inherited adjective, identical with Arm. ǰerm `warm', Thrak.-Phryg. germo- (in GN, e.g. Γέρμη), IE * gʷʰermo-; also in substantivized funktion Alb. zjarm, zjarr `heat'. With o-vocalism, originally substantiv., IE * gʷʰormo- in Skt. gharmá- m. `heat', OPr. gorme `id.'; sec. also adjectival in Av. garǝma-, Lat. formus, Germ., e. g. NHG warm. Uncertain Toch. A śārme `heat (?)'. More forms in W.-Hofmann s. formus, Mayrhofer Wb. s. gharmáḥ; s. on θέρομαι, θέρος.Page in Frisk: 1,664-665Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θερμός
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