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1 διοίχομαι
A- οίχημαι Hdt.4.136
:—to be quite gone by, ἡμέραι διοίχηνται Id. l. c.; of persons and things, to be clean gone, to have perished,τἀμὰ γὰρ διοίχεται A.Fr. 138
, cf. S.Aj. 973, E. Or. 181 (lyr.), Ar.Th. 609, etc.; rare in Prose, Hdt. l.c., Pl.Phd. 87e.II to be gone through, ended,ὁ λόγος διοίχεται S.OC 574
(codd. recc. for διέρχεται); χἠ δίκη δ. E.Supp. 530
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διοίχομαι
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2 καταβαίνω
A , etc.: [tense] pf. - βέβηκα; [dialect] Boeot. part.καταβεβάων IG7.3055
: [tense] aor.κατέβην Il.10.541
, Pi.O.9.43, etc.; poet. [ per.] 3pl.κατέβαν Il.24.329
, ; imper.κατάβηθι Od.23.20
, Ar.Lys. 873, [dialect] Lacon.κάβασι Hsch.
, , Ra.35; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl. subj. καταβήομεν (v.l. -βείομεν) Il.10.97; late [ per.] 3sg. opt. (cod. B), Conon 45.2J.; poet. part.καββάς Pi.N.6.51
; [dialect] Ep. inf.καταβήμεναι Il.14.19
:—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. 1κατεβήσετο 6.288
, 13.17, Od.2.337, al. (with v.l. κατεβήσατο); imper.καταβήσεο Il.5.109
:—go or come down from.., c. gen., πόλιος κ. 24.329; οὐρανόθεν κ. 11.184;Παρνασοῦ Pi.O.9.43
, etc.: also with Preps.,ἐξ ὄρεος Il.13.17
;ἐς πεδίον 3.252
, etc.: also c. acc. loci,θάλαμον κατεβήσετο Od.2.337
; κ. Ἀΐδαν, Ἀΐδα δόμον, S.Ant. 822 (anap.), E.Heracl. 913 (lyr.); butκατέβην δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω Od.23.252
(later abs., die, Lib.Or.38.16); ἔσω κ. Hes.Th. 750: also c. acc. in quite different senses, κατέβαιν' ὑπερώϊα she came down from the upper floor, Od.18.206, 23.85; κλίμακα κατεβήσετο came down the ladder, 1.330 (κ. κατὰ τῆς κλίμακος Lys. 1.9
); ξεστὸν ἐφόλκαιον καταβάς having got down by the lading-plank, Od.14.350: abs., καταβαίνειν δ' οὐ σχολή come downstairs, Ar. Ach. 409; esp.1 dismount from a chariot or from horseback,δίφρου Il.5.109
;ἐκ τῆς ἁρμαμάξης Hdt.9.76
;ἀφ' ἁρμάτων Pi.N.6.51
;ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου X.Cyr.5.5.6
; but κ. ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων give up riding, D.42.24, cf. Arist.Ath.49.1:—hence in [voice] Pass., ἵππος καταβαίνεται the horse is dismounted from, X.Eq.11.7.2 go down from the inland parts to the sea, esp. from central Asia (cf.ἀναβαίνω 11.3
), Hdt.1.94, etc.; also from Athens, κ. ἐς Πειραιᾶ, ἐς λιμένα, Pl.R. 327a, Tht. 142a.3 go down into the scene of contest, γυμνὸν ἐπὶ στάδιον κ. Pi.P.11.49; κ. ἐπ' αὐτὸ τοῦτο (sc. τὸ ἀεθλεύειν) Hdt.5.22: abs., = Lat. in certamen descendere, Pi.N.3.42, S.Tr. 504(lyr.), X.An.4.8.27; cf. καταβατέον; μέτρῳ καταβαίνειν 'seek no more contests' ( μέτρῳ by litotes for μή), Pi.P.8.78; μεθ' ὅπλων κ. Pl.Lg. 834c.4 of an orator, come down from the tribune, Lys.12.92, D.19.23, etc.; rarely in full, κ. ἀπὸ τοῦ βήματος ib.113; soκατάβα.--καταβήσομαι Ar.V. 979
; later, also κ. ἀπὸ τοῦ λόγου, ἀπὸ τῶν ἰαμβείων, to cease from.., Luc.Tox.35, Nec.1.5 less freq. of things,πρὶν.. καταβήμεναι ἐκ Διὸς οὖρον Il.14.19
; of tears, E.Andr. 111 (eleg.); of streams, Pl.Criti. 118d; of the womb, Arist.HA 582b24; πόσσω κατέβα τοι ἀφ' ἱστῶ; at what price did [ the robe] come down from the loom? Theoc.15.35; of the heavenly bodies, set, Vett.Val.31.3.II metaph.,1 attain,πόμπιμον κατέβαινε νόστου τέλος Pi.N.3.25
;κ. ἐπὶ τελευτήν Pl.R. 511b
: abs., attain one's end, ἐν φάει κ. Pi.N.4.38; simply, come to, arrive at in course of speaking, κατέβαινε ἐς λιτάς he ended with prayer, Hdt.1.116: usu. c. part., κατέβαινε αὖτις παραιτεόμενος ib.90, cf. 118, 9.94; καταβάς, of a writer, Eun.VSp.454B.2 κ. εἰς.. conform to,εἰς τοὺς Χρόνους κ. τούτους Arist.Pol. 1335a11
.4 fall in value, POxy.1223.33 (iv A.D.), cf. Poll.1.51.5 λέγεται μηδὲν αὐτοῖς τούτων καταβαίνειν, of abusive language, does not affect them or get home, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.242.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταβαίνω
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3 κρίνω
κρίνω [pron. full] [ῑ], [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ind. κρίνησι ( δια-) f.l. in Theoc.25.46: [tense] fut. κρῐνῶ, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion. κρῐνέω ( δια-) Il.2.387: [tense] aor.Aἔκρῑνα Od.18.264
, etc.: [tense] pf., etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. , but in pass. sense, Pl.Grg. 521e: [tense] aor.ἐκρῑνάμην Il.9.521
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.κρῐθήσομαι A.Eu. 677
, Antipho 6.37, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐκρίθην [ῐ] Pi.N.7.7, etc.; [ per.] 3pl.κρίθεν Id.P.4.168
,ἔκριθεν A.R.4.1462
; [dialect] Ep.opt. κρινθεῖτε ( δια-) Il.3.102, part.κρινθείς 13.129
, Od.8.48, inf.κρινθήμεναι A.R.2.148
: [tense] pf.κέκρῐμαι Pi.O.2.30
, And.4.35, etc.; inf. κεκρίσθαι ( ἀπο-) Pl. Men. 75c:—[dialect] Aeol. [full] κρίννω dub.in IG12(2).278 (Mytil.): [tense] aor. ἔκριννε ib. 6.28(Mytil., [pref] ἐπ-); inf. κρίνναι ib.526b15:—Thess. [tense] pres. inf. [full] κρεννέμεν ib.9(2).517.14 ([place name] Larissa):—separate, put asunder, distinguish,ὅτε τε ξανθὴ Δημήτηρ κρίνῃ.. καρπόν τε καὶ ἄχνας Il.5.501
, etc.;κρῖν' ἄνδρας κατὰ φῦλα 2.362
. cf. 446;ἥλιος ἠὼ καὶ δύσιν ἔκρινεν Emp.154.1
;κ. τὸ ἀληθές τε καὶ μή Pl.Tht. 150b
;τούς τε ἀγαθοὺς καὶ τοὺς κακούς X. Mem.3.1.9
, etc.:—also [voice] Med.,ἀντία δ' ἐκρίναντο δέμας καὶ σήματ' ἔθεντο χωρὶς ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Parm.8.55
:—[voice] Pass.,κρινόμενον πῦρ Emp.62.2
.II pick out, choose,ἐν δ' ἐρέτας ἔκρινεν ἐείκοσιν Il.1.309
;ἐκ Λυκίης.. φῶτας ἀρίστους 6.188
, cf. Od.4.666, 9.90, 195, 14.217, etc.;κ. τινὰ ἐκ πάντων Hdt.6.129
;κρίνασα δ' ἀστῶν.. τὰ βέλτατα A.Eu. 487
; , etc.:—[voice] Med., κρίνασθαι ἀρίστους to choose the best, Il.9.521, cf. 19.193, Od.4.408, 530, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be chosen out, distinguished,ἵνα τε κρίνονται ἄριστοι 24.507
; esp.in partt., κεκριμένος picked out, chosen, Il.10.417, Od.13.182, al., Hdt.3.31;κρινθείς Il.13.129
, Od.8.48; ἀρετᾷ κριθείς distinguished for.., Pi.N.7.7; κριθέντων ἐν τοῖς ἱερέοις approved.., GDI2049.15 (Delph.); ἀσπίδα.. κεκριμένην ὕδατι καὶ πολέμῳ proved by sea and land, AP9.42 (Leon.); ἐν ζῶσι κεκριμένα numbered among.., cj. in E.Supp. 969 (lyr.);εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους κριθείς Luc.Am.2
.2 decide disputes,κρίνων νείκεα πολλά Od.12.440
;ἔκριναν μέγα νεῖκος.. πολέμοιο 18.264
: c.acc. cogn., οἳ.. σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας judge crooked judgements, Il.16.387;κ. δίκας Hdt. 2.129
;κρῖνε δ' εὐθεῖαν δίκην A.Eu. 433
, etc.; πρώτας δίκας κρίνοντες αἵματος ib. 682; κρινεῖ δὲ δὴ τίς ταῦτα; Ar.Ra. 805;κ. κρίσιν Pl.R. 36o
e;ἄριστα κ. Th.6.39
; κρίνουσι βοῇ καὶ οὐ ψήφῳ they decide the question.., Id.1.87;μίσει πλέον ἢ δίκῃ κ. Id.3.67
;τὸ δίκαιον κ. Isoc.14.10
; τῷ τοῦτο κρίνεις; by what do you form this judgement? Ar.Pl. 48;κ. περί τινος Pi.N.5.40
, Pl.Ap. 35d, Arist.Rh. 1391b9, etc.:— [voice] Pass.,ἀγὼν κριθήσεται A.Eu. 677
; κἂν ἰσόψηφος κριθῇ (sc. ἡ δίκη) ib. 741: impers., κριθησόμενον a decision being about to be taken, Arr.An. 3.9.6.b decide a contest, e.g. for a prize,ἀγῶνα κ. Ar.Ra. 873
; : c. acc. pers., κ. τὰς θεάς decide their contest, i.e. judge them, E.IA72:—[voice] Pass., Id.Supp. 601(lyr.);αἱ μάχαι κρίνονται ταῖς ψυχαῖς X.Cyr.3.3.19
:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., of persons, have a contest decided, come to issue,κρινώμεθ' Ἄρηϊ Il.2.385
, cf.18.209;ὁπότε μνηστῆρσι καὶ ἡμῖν.. μένος κρίνηται Ἄρηος Od.16.269
;βίηφι κ. Hes.Th. 882
; dispute, contend, Ar.Nu.66;περὶ ἀρετῆς Hdt.3.120
;οὐ κρινοῦμαι.. σοι τὰ πλείονα E.Med. 609
;δίκῃ περί τινος κρίνεσθαι Th.4.122
; κρίνεσθαι μετά τινος v.l. in LXX Jd.8.1, Jb.9.3;πολλαῖς μάχαις κριθείς Nic.Dam.20
J.; compete in games, c. acc. cogn.,κριθέντα Πύθια JRS3.295
(Antioch. Pisid.): [tense] pf. part., decided, clear, strong,κεκριμένος οὖρος Il.14.19
; πόνοι κεκρ. decided, ended, Pi.N.4.1.3 adjudge,κράτος τινί S.Aj. 443
:—[voice] Pass.,τοῖς οὔτε νόστος.. κρίθη Pi.P.8.84
; the sum adjudged to be paid,PLips.
38.13 (iv A. D.).b abs., judge, give judgement,ἄκουσον.. καὶ κρῖνον Ar.Fr. 473
;ἀδίκως κ. Pherecr.96
, cf. Men.Mon. 287, 576.c Medic., bring to a crisis,τὸ θερμὸν φίλιόν [ἐστι] καὶ κρῖνον Hp.Aph.5.22
;κ. τὰ νοσήματα Gal.Nat. Fac.1.13
, al.:—[voice] Pass., of a sick person, come to a crisis,ἐκρίθη εἰκοσταῖος Hp.Epid.1.15
(also impers. in [voice] Act., ἔκρινε τούτοισιν ἑνδεκαταίοισιν the crisis came.., ib.18);τοῦ πάθους κριθέντος D.S.19.24
.4 judge of, estimate, πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων [αὐτόν] judging of him by myself, D.21.154;πρὸς ἀργύριον τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν κ. Isoc.4.76
:—[voice] Pass.,ἴσον παρ' ἐμοὶ κέκριται Hdt.7.16
.α'; εὔνοιακαιρῷ κρίνεται Men.691
.5 expound, interpret in a particular way,τὸ ἐνύπνιον ταύτῃ ἔκριναν Hdt. 1.120
, cf. 7.19, A.Pr. 485, etc.:—in [voice] Med.,ὁ γέρων ἐκρίνατ' ὀνείρους Il. 5.150
.6 c. acc. et inf., decide or judge that.., Hdt.1.30, 214, Pl. Tht. 17od, etc.;κρίνω σὲ νικᾶν A.Ch. 903
; so, with the inf. omitted,ἀνδρῶν πρῶτον κ. τινά S.OT34
; ; ;ἐκ τῶν λόγων μὴ κρῖνε.. σοφόν Philem.228
:—[voice] Pass., , cf. Th.2.40, etc.7 decide in favour of, prefer, choose,κρίνω δ' ἄφθονον ὄλβον A.Ag.47
<*>, cf. Supp. 396 (both lyr.); ;τινὰ πρό τινος Pl.R. 399e
, cf. Phlb. 57e;τι πρός τι Id.Phd. 110a
([voice] Pass.);εἴ σφε κρίνειεν Πάρις E.Tr. 928
, cf. Ar.Av. 1103, Ec. 1155; choose between,δύ' ἔσθ' ἃ κρῖναι τὸν γαμεῖν μέλλοντα δεῖ, ἤτοι προσηνῆ γ' ὄψιν ἢ χρηστὸν τρόπον Men.584
.8 c.inf.only, determine to do a thing, UPZ42.37(ii B. C.), Ep.Tit.3.12, 1 Ep.Cor.2.2, etc.; ζῆν μεθ' ὧν κρίνῃ τις ἄν (sc. ζῆν ) with whom he chooses to live, Men.506; butτὸ βιάζεσθαι οὐκ ἔκρινε D.S.15.32
.III in Trag., question,αὐτὸν.. ἅπας λεὼς κρίνει παραστάς S.Tr. 195
; εἴ νιν πρὸς βίαν κρίνειν θέλοις ib. 388; καὶ κρῖνε κἀξέλεγχ' Id.Ant. 399;μὴ κρῖνε, μὴ 'ξέταζε Id.Aj. 586
;σέ τοι, σὲ κρίνω Id.El. 1445
.2 bring to trial, accuse, D.2.29, 18.15, 19.233; κ. θανάτου judge (in matters) of life and death, X.Cyr.1.2.14;κ. τινὰ προδοσίας Lycurg.113
;περὶ προδοσίας Isoc.15.129
; κ. τινὰ κακώσεως ἐπαρχίας, Lat. repetundarum, Plu.Caes. 4:—[voice] Pass., to be brought to trial, Th.6.29; θανάτου ( δίκῃ add. cod. B) Id.3.57;Λεωκράτους τοῦ κρινομένου Lycurg.1
; κρίνομαι πρὸς Σωφρόνην; Men.Epit. 529; ; : c. gen. criminis,κρίνεσθαι δώρων Lys.27.3
:κ. ἐπ' ἀδικήματι Plu.2.241e
: abs.,ὁ κεκριμένος Aeschin.2.159
.3 pass sentence upon, condemn, D.19.232:— [voice] Pass., to be judged, condemned,κακούργου.. ἐστι κριθέντ' ἀποθανεῖν Id.4.47
;μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε Ev.Matt.7.1
; τὰ κεκριμένα the judgement of a court, PRyl.76.8 (ii A. D.). ( κρῐ-ν-y ω ἐ-κρῐ-ν-σα, cf. Lat. cerno (from *cr[icaron]-n-), crībrum (from * crei-dhrom).) -
4 περιέρχομαι
Aπεριηρχόμην Ar.Th. 504
cod.:—go round, go about, Th.4.36, etc.;πάντοθεν Hdt.7.225
;κατὰ τὴν ἀγοράν Ar.Lys. 558
;κατὰ πᾶσαν χώραν D.23.139
; ; go about like a beggar,πρὸς τοὺς φίλους X.Cyr.8.2.16
; like a stranger seeing sights, Id.Oec.10.10 : c. part., go about doing a thing, Ar.Th. 504 cod., Pl.Ap. 30a, Critias 37 D., D.13.19 : c. acc. cogn.,π. στάδια χίλια Ar.Av.6
;π. ἀπέραντον ὁδόν Pl.Tht. 147c
;δὔ ἢ τρεῖς δρόμους Id.Euthd. 273a
; [ πρεσβείας καὶ κατηγορίας] D.9.72; ποικίλως τὸν βίον π. Vett. Val.40.28 : c. acc. loci, π. [τὸν βωμόν] Ar. Pax 958;βωμοὺς ἅπαντας ἐν κύκλῳ Id.Pl. 679
;τὴν πόλιν And.1.99
;τὴν ἀλορὰν κύκλῳ D.19.225
; τὴν χώραν π. survey it, Id.18.150.2 c. acc. pers., in Hom. (only in tmesi), encompass, of sounds,τὸν.. περὶ φρένας ἤλυθ' ἰωή Il. 10.139
, cf. Od.17.261;τὸν.. περὶ κτύπος ἦλθε ποδοῖιν 19.444
; of the effect of wine, .4 later, in lit. sense, surround,κύκλῳ π. τοὺς πολεμίους Id.Publ.22
, cf. Ages.38.II go round and return to a point, come round,αὖτις ἐς τυραννίδας περιῆλθον Hdt.1.96
; περιῆλθεν ἐς ὀκτὼ ὁμιλητὰς ἐς τεττάρων καὶ τριάκοντα came down to.., Philostr.VA4.37; of things, events, etc., ἡ ἡγεμονίη περιῆλθε.. ἐς τὸ γένος, ἡ βασιληΐη περιῆλθε ἔς τινα, Hdt. 1.7, 187,al.; ; ἐς φθίσιν περιῆλθε ἡ νοῦσος the disease ended in.., ib.88;π. εἰς ἅπαντας ὁ λόγος Plu.2.151a
, cf. Pl.Lg. 866b;ἐπειδὰν οἱ προκείμενοι λόγοι περιέλθωσι X.Smp.4.20
: c. acc., Πανιώνιον ἡ τίσις περιῆλθε vengeance came at last upon him, Hdt.8.106; ταῦτα ἰσχυρῶς περιελήλυθε τοὺς πολλούς has taken strong hold upon them, Luc.Luct.10; τὸ πάθος.. τοὺς πολλοὺς.. π. Id.Hist.Conscr.2.2 of Time, come round,περιῆλθεν ὁ ἐνιαυτός X.Cyr.8.6.19
.3 of the heavenly bodies, rotate, revolve, ὁ οὐρανὸς π. Arist.Cael. 272b14; .Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιέρχομαι
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5 συναιρέω
A grasp or seize together,Χλαῖναν μὲν συνελὼν καὶ κώεα Od.20.95
; seize at once,πάντα ξυνῄρει ἡ νόσος Th.2.51
; of the mind, λογισμῷ τὸ πρᾶγμα ς. Plu.Lys.22:—[voice] Med., συνελόμενος σκαφεῖον seizing a mattock, PPetr.2p.59 (cf. 3 p.xiii, iii B.C.):—[voice] Pass., to be brought together, Arist.SE 181b33; so εἰς ἓν λογισμῷ συναιρούμενον to a unity brought together by reasoning, Pl.Phdr. 249c; τὸ φιλεῖν καὶ τὸ μισεῖν.. συνῄρηται are taken into account, Arist.Rh. 1354b9 (nisi leg. συνήρτηται): hence δεῖ συναιρεῖν ἐκ πάντων τούτων ὅτι.. from all this we should collect, infer that.., Procl. in Prm.p.492 S.2 bring into small compass, shorten,τὸν Χρόνον D.S.17.116
:—[voice] Pass., συναιρεῖσθαι εἰς ἥμισυ to be halved, Ascl.Tact.2.1; to be contracted, τὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ταχὺ ξυναιρεθήσεσθαι (v.l. ξυναναιρ-) Th.8.24;ὁ περίβολος τῆς πόλεως.. νῦν.. καὶ μᾶλλον ἔτι συνῄρηται Plb.10.11.4
.b esp. of speaking, ξυνελὼν λέγω concisely, briefly, in a word, Th.2.41, cf. 1.70;ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν X.An.3.1.38
, Mem.3.8.10, etc.;συνελόντι φάναι Gal.16.502
; so συνελόντι alone, Is.4.22;συνελόντι ἁπλῶς D.4.7
;συνελόντες τὰ ἐν μέσῳ Luc.Phal.1.6
;συνελεῖν [λόγον] εἰς βραχὺ κεφάλαιον Gal.15.754
.c Gramm., contract,τὸ ε ¯ καὶ τὸ ᾱ A.D. Pron.99.24
; of the accent of compounds, Id.Synt.304.8.II make away with, destroy all trace of, annihilate,ἀμφοτέρας δ' ὀφρῦς σύνελεν λίθος Il.16.740
(but perh. = συνέχεε καὶ εἰς ἓν συνήγαγεν, as Sch. ad. loc.): metaph., make an end of, σ. τὰς ἀσπίδας abolished them, D.S.15.44; , cf. 37.13, 50.35;συνῃρηκὼς ὥρᾳ μιᾷ Χρόνου μήκιστον.. πόλεμον Plu.Lys.11
;ὡς ἡμέραις δυσὶ συναιρήσων τὴν πολιορκίαν Id.Sert.13
; diminish a measurement,τινὶ μέτρῳ προσλιπεῖν ἢ συνελεῖν IG7.3073.24
(Lebad., ii B.C.):—[voice] Pass.,τοῦ πρώτου τῶν Καρχηδονίων πολέμων ἔτει δευτέρῳ καὶ εἰκοστῷ συναιρεθέντος Plu.Marc.3
; τοῦ πλήθους ἤδη συνῃρημένου the congestion having been reduced or ended, Gal.16.499.b annihilate, make short work of a distance,ταχὺ σ. πολλὴν ὁδόν Plu. 2.759d
:—[voice] Pass.,τὸ διάστημα ταχέως ὑπὸ προθυμίας τῶν ἐλαυνόντων συνῄρητο Id.Lys.11
.2 help to take or conquer,τὴν Σύβαριν Hdt. 5.44
; βουλόμενοι σφίσι.. ξυνελεῖν (v.l. for ξυνεξ-) αὐτόν wishing that he should help them to conquer, Th.2.29.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συναιρέω
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6 συνεκλείπω
A vanish with or also, Str.10.2.12, Plu.2.415f,777a, al., Gal.12.412; Νομᾷ.. ἐν εἰρήνῃ τὴν Ῥώμην ὑπάρχειν συνεξέλιπε ended with his life, Plu.Comp.Lyc.Num.4.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνεκλείπω
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7 ἀπαλλάσσω
A- ξω Isoc.5.52
: [tense] pf.ἀπήλλᾰχα X.Mem. 3.13.6
: [tense] aor.ἀπήλλαξα Hdt.1.16
, Ar.V. 1537, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf.ἀπήλλαγμαι Id. Pax 1128
, Isoc.5.49, [dialect] Ion.ἀπάλλαγμαι Hdt.2.144
, 167: [tense] aor. ἀπηλλάχθην, [dialect] Ion.ἀπαλλ- Id.2.152
, etc.; in [dialect] Att. ἀπηλλάγην [ᾰ] as always in Prose; also in Trag. (for the most part metri gr., cf. however S.Ant. 422, El. 783 (v.l.), E.Ph. 592 (v.l.), Andr. 592): [tense] fut.ἀπαλλαχθήσομαι Id.Hipp. 356
, Ar.Av. 940; in Prose,ἀπαλλαγήσομαι Th. 4.28
, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. (in pass. sense)ἀπαλλάξομαι Hdt.7.122
, E. Hel. 437, Th.8.83, etc.: [tense] aor.ἀπαηλλάξαντο E.Heracl. 317
, cf. Plu. Cat.Mi.64.A. [voice] Act., set free, deliver from a thing,παιδίον δυσμορφίης Hdt. 6.61
; τινὰ πόνων, κακῶν, A.Eu.83, Pr. 773;τινὰ ἐκ γόων S.El. 292
;ἐκ φόβου καὶ κακῶν And.1.59
: c. acc. only, release, S.Ant. 596, etc.;κόπος μ' ἀ. Id.Ph. 880
.2 put away from, remove from, τί τινος, as ἀ. γῆς πρόσωπον, φρενῶν ἔρωτα, E.Med.27, Hipp. 774 (lyr.);σφαγῆς χεῖρα IT 994
;χρυσὸν χερός Hec. 1222
; ἀ. τινά τινος take away or remove from one, Ar.Ec. 1046;τινὰ ἀπὸ τῆς πολιορκίας D.C.43.32
.3 c. acc. only, put away, remove, τι E.Hec. 1068, Pl.Prt. 354d, etc.; μύθοις ἔργ' ἀ. κακά do away ill by words, E.Fr.282.26; get rid of creditors, And. 1.122;τοὺς χρήστας Is.5.28
; get rid of an opponent, by fair means or foul, D.24.37;ἀ. τοὺς κατηγόρους Lys.29.1
;τοὺς Πελοποννησίους ἐκ τῆς χώρας Th.8.48
; dismiss, send away,τινά Id.1.90
; remove or displace from an office, ib. 129;ἀ. τοὺς ὑπηρέτας καὶ θεραπευτῆρας Plu. Lyc.11
; also, make away with, destroy, Thphr.HP9.15.2;ἑαυτόν Plu.Cat.Mi.70
; bring to an end, .4 in Law, give a release, discharge, D.36.25, cf. 37.1;τοὺς δανείσαντας ἀ. 34.22
, cf. PTeb.315.16 (ii A.D.); discharge a debt, D.C.59.1, etc.:—so in [voice] Pass., Id.51.17.II intr., get off free, escape, esp. with an Adv. added, ῥηιδίως, χαλεπῶς ἀ., Hp.VM10,20, cf. X.Cyr.4.1.5;ὁ στόλος οὕτως ἀ.
came off, ended,Hdt.
5.63, cf. A.Ag. 1288, E.Med. 786;οὐκ ὡς ἤθελε ἀπήλλαξεν Hdt.1.16
;κάκιον ἀ. Pl.R. 491d
, cf. Men.Epit. 199;καταγελάστως ἀ. Aeschin.2.38
;ἀλυσιτελῶς ἀ. Thphr.Char.8.11
; ἀλύπως ἀ. get along well, PPetr.3p.58: with part. or Adj., χαίρωνἀ. Hdt.3.69
;ἀθῷοι ἀ. Pl.Sph. 254d
, etc.: c. gen., depart from, (dub.l.); ; soπῶς ἀπήλλαχεν ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ; X.Mem.3.13.6
; in respect of..,Diph.
73.B. [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., to be set free or released from a thing, get rid of it,ἀπαλλαχθέντας δουλοσύνης Hdt.1.170
;τυράννων Id.5.78
;τῶν παρεόντων κακῶν Id.2.120
; ; ; ; ;Κλέωνος Th.4.28
;τῆς κακουχίας ἐπὶ τὴν αὑτοῦ σκηνήν Plb.5.15.6
.2 get off, escape, mostly with some Adj. or Adv. added (as in [voice] Act. 11),ῥηιδίως ἀ. Hp.VM3
;ἀγῶνος ἀ. καλῶς E.Heracl. 346
; ἀζήμιος ἀπαλλαγῆναι, ἀπαλλάττεσθαι, Ar.Pl. 271, Pl.Lg. 721d.3 abs., to be acquitted, D.22.39.4 of a point under discussion, to be dismissed as settled,τοῦτο ἀπήλλακται μὴ.. τὸ φίλον φίλον εἶναι Pl.Ly. 220b
, cf. Phlb. 67a.II remove, depart from, ἐκ τῆς χώρης, ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, Hdt.1.61,2.139, al.;μαντικῶν μυχῶν A.Eu. 180
;γῆς ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι πόδα E.Med. 729
;δόξης, δέους Th.2.42
;ἀ. παρά τινος Aeschin.1.78
; depart, go away,ἐς τὴν ἑωυτοῦ Hdt.1.82
, al.;ἐπὶ τῆς ἑωυτοῦ Id.9.11
, cf. 5.64;πρὸς χώραν Pl.Lg. 938a
: abs., Hdt.2.93, al., Aen. Tact.10.19, 15.9.2 ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι τοῦ βίου depart from life, E.Hel. 102, Hipp. 356;βίου ἀπαλλαγὴν ἀ. Pl.R. 496e
; freq. without τοῦ βίου, depart, die, E.Heracl. 1000, Pl.Phd. 81c, etc.3ἀ. λέχους
to be divorced,E.
Andr. 592;ἀ. γυναῖκά τε ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς καὶ τὸν ἄνδρα ἀπὸ γυναικός Pl.Lg. 868d
.5ἀ. ἐκ παίδων
become a man,Aeschin.
1.40.6 to be removed from, free from the imputation of, ἀπηλλαγμένος εὐηθίης many removes from folly, Hdt.1.60;ξυμφορῶν Th.1.122
;αἰσχύνης Id.3.63
: c. inf., κρῖναι ἱκανῶς οὐκ ἀπήλλακτο was not far from judging adequately, Id.1.138.b πολλὸν ἀπηλλαγμένος τινός far inferior to him, Hdt.2.144.7 depart from, leave off from,τῶν μακρῶν λόγων S.El. 1335
; ;ἀ. λημμάτων
give up the pursuit of..,D.
3.33; οὐκ ἀπήλλακται γραφικῆς is not averse from.., Luc.Salt.35.b abs., have done, cease, of things, S.Ant. 422;ὅταν ἡ μέθη ἀπαλλαγῇ Arist.MM 1202a3
.c throw up one's case, give up a prosecution, D.21.151,198.d c. part., εἰπὼν ἀπαλλάγηθι speak and be done withit, Pl.Grg. 491c, cf.Tht. 183c; ;ἀπαλλάχθητι πυρώσας E. Cyc. 600
: also in part., with a Verb, οὐκοῦν ἀπαλλαχθεὶς ἄπει; make haste and begone, S.Ant. 244.8 to depart from enmity, i.e. to be reconciled, settle a dispute,πρὸς ἀλλήλους Pl.Lg. 915c
: abs., ib. 768c.9 recover from an ailment, Aret.SD1.14.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπαλλάσσω
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8 ἀποβαίνω
A- εβήσετο Il.2.35
: [tense] aor. 2 ἀπέβην: [tense] pf. ἀποβέβηκα—in these tenses intr. ([tense] pres. not in Hom.):— step off from a place, νηὸς ἀ. alight, disembark from a ship, Od.13.281; ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν, ἀπὸ τῶν πλοίων, Hdt.5.86,4.110;ἐκ τῶν νεῶν X.HG5.1.12
:abs., disembark, Hdt.2.29, Th.1.111, etc.;ἀ. ἐς χώρην Hdt.7.8
.β, cf. E.Fr. 705, Th.4.9, Lys.2.21;ἐς τὴν γῆν Th.1.100
; ἐξ ἵππων ἀ. ἐπὶ χθόνα dismount from a chariot, Il.3.265, cf. 11.619;ἵππων 17.480
; but in D.61.23 τὸ ἀποβαίνειν seems to be the art of leaping from horse to horse (cf. ἀποβάτης)τῇ συνωρίδι τοῦ ἀποβάντος IG9(2).527.10
([place name] Larissa): generally, ἀβάτων ἀποβάς having stepped off ground on which none should step, S.OC 167.2 go away, depart, Il.1.428, 5.133, etc.;ἀπέβη πρὸς μακρὸν Ολυμπον 24.468
; πρὸς δώματα, κατὰ δῶμα, Od.4.657, 715;μετ' ἀθανάτους Il.21.298
: c. gen.,ἀ. πεδίων E. Hec. 140
;ἀπὸ τῆς φάτνης X.Eq.Mag.1.16
; of death,ἀπὸ δὲ φθίμενοι βεβᾶσι E.Andr. 1022
; of hopes, vanish, come to nought, Id.Ba. 909 (lyr.).II of events, issue, result from,τὰ ἔμελλε ἀποβήσεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς μάχης Hdt.9.66
; resulted,Pl.
Phlb. 39a, cf. Lg. 782e;ὅ τι ἀποβήσεται Id.Prt. 318a
, etc.; τὸ ἀποβαῖνον, [var] contr. τὠποβαῖνον, the issue, event, Hdt.2.82, etc.; τὰ ἀποβαίνοντα, τὸ ἀποβάν, the results, Th.1.83, 2.87; the probable results,Id.
3.38, cf. S.E.M.5.103.2 freq. with an Adv. or other qualifying phrase, σκοπέειν.. τὴν τελευτὴν κῇ ἀποβήσεται how it will turn out, issue, Hdt.1.32; ἀ. τῇ περ εἶπε ib.86; ἀ. κατὰ τὸ ἐόν ib.97; ἀ. παρὰ δόξαν, ἀ. τοιοῦτον, Id.8.4,7.23;τοιόνδ' ἀπέβη τόδε πρᾶγμα E. Med. 1419
, cf. X.Cyr.1.5.13;πολέμου τοιοῦτον ἀπέβη τὸ τέλος Plb.26.6.15
;οὐδὲν αὐτῷ.. ὡς προσεδέχετο ἀπέβαινεν Th.4.104
, cf. 3.26;παρὰ γνώμην ἀ. 5.14
; opp.κατὰ γνώμαν ἀ. Theoc.15.38
;πῶς ἡ φήμη δοκεῖ ὑμῖν ἀποβῆναι; And.1.131
.3 abs., turn out well, succeed,ἡ ὑπόσχεσις ἀπέβη Th.4.39
, cf. 5.14; of dreams, turn out true, Arist.Div. Somn.463b10.4 of persons, with an Adj., turn out, prove to be so and so, ἀ. οὐ κοινοί prove partial, Th.3.53;ἀ. χείρους Pl.Lg. 952b
;φρενιτικοὶ ἀ. Hp.Coac. 405
;τύραννος ἐκ βασιλέως ἀ. Plb.7.13.7
; also of a wound,ἰάσιμον ἀ. Pl.Lg. 878c
.b with εἰς.., ἀ. εἰς τὰ πολιτικὰ οἱ τοιοῦτοι prove fit for public affairs, Id.Smp. 192a;ἐς ἀλαθινὸν ἄνδρ' ἀ. Theoc.13.15
.c of conditions, etc., ἀπέβη ἐς μουναρχίην things ended in a monarchy, Hdt.3.82; ;ἀποβήσεται εἰς μαρτυρίαν Ev.Luc.21.13
.5 of space, μέγεθος μὲν ἦν πρὸς τὸν Ἠριδανὸν ἀποβεβηκῦα reaching, extending to.., Pl.Criti. 112a.6 τῷ ἀποβεβηκότι ποδί with the hind foot, opp. τῷ προβεβηκότι, Arist.IA 706a9.B causal, in [tense] aor. 1 ἀπέβησα, cause to dismount, disembark, land (in which sense ἀποβιβάζω serves as [tense] pres.),ἀ. στρατιήν Hdt.5.63
, 6.107;ἐς τὴν Ψυττάλειαν Id.8.95
.II hence, in [voice] Pass., τὸ ἀποβαινόμενον σκέλος a leg put out so as not to bear the weight of the body, Hp.Art.52:—[voice] Act., Id.Mochl.20.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποβαίνω
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9 ἀποκρίνω
A set apart, prob. in Alc.Supp. 5.7, Pherecr.23, Ael.VH12.8;χωρὶς ἀ. Pl.Plt. 302c
, al.:—[voice] Pass., to be parted or separated, ἀποκρινθέντε parted from the throng (of two πρόμαχοι), Il.5.12 (nowhere else in Hom.);πίθηκος ᾔει θηρίων ἀποκριθείς Archil.89.3
; of the elements in cosmogony, Emp.9.4, Anaxag. 2, Democr.167;ἀπεκρίθη.. τοῦ βαρβάρου ἔθνεος τὸ Ἑλληνικόν Hdt.1.60
; ; ἀποκεκρίσθαι εἰς ἓν ὄνομα to be separated and brought under one name, Th.1.3; οὐ βεβαίως ἀπεκρίθησαν, of combatants, separated without decisive result, Id.4.72.2 Medic. in [voice] Pass., to be distinctly formed, Hp.Prog.23; of the embryo, Arist.HA 561a17; τὰ ἐν τῷ σώματι -όμενα bodily secretions, Hp.VM14;τὰ ἐς τὴν κοιλίην ἀ. Id.Vict.4.89
; but ἐς τοῦτο πάντα ἀπεκρίθη all illnesses determined or ended in this alone, Th.2.49; also are voided,Arist.
PA 665b24, cf. GA 773b35.3 mark by a distinctive form, distinguish,πρύμνην Hdt.1.194
; specific,Pl.
R. 407d, cf. Arist. Mete. 369b29.II choose,ἕνα ὑμῶν ἀ. ἐξαίρετον Hdt.6.130
; ἀ. τοῦ πεζοῦ, τοῦ στρατοῦ, choose from.., Hdt.3.17,25; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν having set apart, i.e. decreed, one of two, S.OT 640.III reject on examination, κρίνειν καὶ ἀ. ib. 751d; ἐγκρίνειν καὶ ἀ. ib. 936a; ἀ. τινὰ τῆς νίκης decide that one has lost the victory, decide it against one, Arist.Pol. 1315b18:—[voice] Med., Pl.Lg. 966d.IV [voice] Med., ἀποκρίνομαι, [tense] fut. -κρῐνοῦμαι, etc.: Pl. uses [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. [voice] Pass. in med. sense, Prt. 358a, Grg. 463c, etc., but also in pass. sense (v. infr.):—give answer to, reply to question, dub.1. in Hdt.5.49, 8.101 (elsewh. ὑποκρ-), cf. E.Ba. 1271, IA 1354;ἀ. τινί Ar.Nu. 1245
, etc.: metaph.,ἀ. τοῖς πράγμασιν ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ἐρωτημάτων Arr.Epict.2.16.2
; ἀ. πρός τινα, πρὸς τὸ ἐρωτώμενον, to a questioner or question, Th.5.42, Pl.Prt. 338d;ἀ. εἰ.. Ar. V. 964
;ἀ. ὅτι.. Th.1.90
: c. acc., ἀποκρίνεσθαι τὸ ἐρωτηθέν to answer the question, Id.3.61, cf. Pl.Cri. 49a, Hp.Ma. 287b, Arist.Metaph. 1007a9: c. acc. cogn.,ἀ. οὐδὲ γρῦ Ar.Pl.17
;οὐδὲν ξυμβατικόν Th.8.71
;ἀ. ἀπόκρισιν Pl.Lg. 658c
:—[voice] Pass., τοῦτό μοι ἀποκεκρίσθω let this be my answer, Id.Tht. 187b; καλῶς ἄν σοι ἀπεκέκριτο your answer would have been sufficient, Id.Grg. 453d, cf.Men. 75c,Euthd. 299d.2 answer charges, defend oneself, Ar.Ach. 632; the defendant, 6.18, cf. 2.4.3; ἀπεκρινάμην freq. in legal documents, PHib.1.31.24 (iii B. C.), etc.3 [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἀπεκρίθη, = ἀπεκρίνατο, he answered, condemned by Phryn.86, is unknown in earlier [dialect] Att., exc. in Pherecr.51, Pl.Alc.2.149b; but occurs in Machoap.Ath.8.349d, UPZ6.30 (ii B. C.), SIG674.61 (Narthacium, ii B. C.), IG4.679 (Hermione, ii B. C.), Plb.4.30.7, etc.; once in J., AJ9.3.1, twice in Luc., Sol.5, Demon.26; regular in LXX (but sts. ἀπεκρινάμην in solemn language, as 3 Ki.2.1 ) and prevails in NT esp. in the phraseἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν Ev.Matt.3.15
;ἀ. λέγει Ev.Marc.8.20
, al., cf. X.An. 2.1.22 codd.: [tense] fut. ἀποκριθήσομαι in same sense, LXXIs.14.32, al., Ev.Matt.25.45, Hermog.Inv.4.6.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποκρίνω
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10 ἐκστρατεύω
A march out,ἐς Λεῦκτρα Th.5.54
;ὡς δουλωσόμενος.. X.Ages.7.7
: trans., ἐ. τινά march him out, D.H. Rh.9.5,6.II in [voice] Med., abs., take the field, Hdt.1.190 ;ἐς Ἴρασα Id.4.159
: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., to be in the field, Th.2.12 ;ἐπὶ τοῖς ὁρίοις And.1.45
.2 in [tense] pf., to have ended the campaign, Th.5.55.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκστρατεύω
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11 βιω-
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `live' (Il.).Other forms: ἐβίων, βιῶναι; βείομαι ( βέομαι) (Il.) fut. = subj. (cf. ἔδομαι); βιώσομαι, ἐβίωσα (Hdt.) Med. fact. (θ 468), βεβίωκα. βιόμεσθα (h. Ap. 528 for *βειομεθα? DELG); pres. βιόω (Arist.).Derivatives: βίος `(way of, means of) life'. βιοτή f. `id.' (Od.), βίοτος m. `id.' (Il.); also Cret. βίετος (below). - βιωτός `worth living' (Att.). βιώσιμος `to be lived' (Hdt.) - With δ from *gu, Heracl. ἐνδεδιωκότα, if = ἐμβεβιωκότα, cf. Schwyzer 300. In PN Βιο-; Βίτων \< Βιο-.Etymology: The root ended in a laryngeal, the zero grade * gʷiH- is seen in Av. ǰī-ti-, OCS ži-tь, also in Lat. vīta, Osc. bíitam (acc.); with suffix - uo- it is seen in Skt. jīvá-, OCS živъ Lat. vīvus, etc. `alive' and in Lat. vīvō, Skt. jī́vati, OCS živǫ. (The forms with short i, Goth. qiwa-, Welsh byw, may be due to the following stress (Schrijver Larrr. Lat. 355, 526). - Greek does not have forms with long i, as all its forms have a vowel after the root: * gʷiH-o- \> βίος, * gʷih₃-eto- \> βίοτος (with the suffix agreeing with the meaning; Cret. βίετος will have - ετος restored; cf. for the formation θάνατος); ὑγιής \< *h₁su-gʷih₃-ēs (the vocalism analogically restored). The aorist ἐβίων has been reconstructed as containing the aor.-suffix -ē- (as in ἐμάνην): * gʷih₃-eh₁-. - The full grade I * gʷeih₃- must be assumed for βέ(ί)ομαι (Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 452); it is also seen in Skt. gáya-, Av. gaya- `life' (*gʷe\/oih₃-o-); also ORuss. gojь `peace'. - The full grade II * gʷieH- is seen in Av. ǰyā-tu- `life' (Skt. * jyā-tu- reshaped, after jívati, in jīvā́tu-); from this root form prob. Gr. ζωϜός (not from the zero grade of the root). This root form seems also found in Gr. ζώ-ω, ζῆ-ν, s. s. ζώω (so Schwebeablaut cannot be avoided (pace Anttila, PIE Schwebeablaut 1969, 137). Difficult are Arm. kea-m `I live' (see LIV) and Toch. B śāw-.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βιω-
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12 καλαϊς
καλαί̈ς, - ιδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `hen', as masc. `cock'? (IG 4, 914, 3; 21; Epid.Va).Other forms: only acc. - ιδα.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: - No etymology. Mostly taken from καλεῖν (Meister Sächs. Ber. 1899, 153f., Dittenberger SIG 998). Acc. to Bechtel Dial. 2, 510f. from *καλαϜίς, f. from *καλαϜός, prop. "the one calling"; cf. Skt. uṣā-kala- "who calls early", `cock' (s. ἠϊκανός). Fraenkel Glotta 4, 33f. too connects καλαϊς with καλεῖν, but takes the second element as the zero grade (?) of ἀείδειν; i.e. "call-singer"; almost impossible. However, fom καλέω we cannot get *καλα- (as the root ended in -h₁). - Pagliari Arch. glottol. it. 39, 145ff. identifies καλαϊς `hen' with κάλλαϊς `turquoise' (and with κάλαϊς τὸ ἱστίον H.) and also καλάϊνος, and κάλλαιον. - Fur. 125 n. connects Lat. gallus.Page in Frisk: 1,759-760Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καλαϊς
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13 νάσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `stamp down, squeeze close, press together, stuff' (φ 122).Derivatives: Verbaladj. ναστός `pressed together, stuffed full' (medic., J.), substant. (sc. πλακοῦς) m. name of a cake (com.) with ναστίσκος m. (Pherecr.); also νακτός `pressed together' (Plu.); νακτά τοὺς πίλους καὶ τὰ ἐμπίλια H. -- Verbal subst. νάγμα n. `closely sqeezed stone-wall' (J.). From the attestations it is not clear, whether the verbal stem orig. ended in a velar ( νάξαι φ 122) or a dental ( νασ-τός from *νατ-τός?); perh. best is, to take ναστός and νένασμαι as analogical (after παστός, πέπασμαι?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Etymology unknown; connection with νάκος `woollen skin' (s.v.) cannot be proven. Other combinations by Sommer Lautst. 57. -- Here as LW [loanword] Lat. naccae `fullones', perh. from *νάκται; further s. W.-Hofmann s.v. - The verb may well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2, 291Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νάσσω
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14 φοβέω
φοβέω (φέβομαι ‘flee in terror’; Hom. et al.; Wsd 17:9; Jos., Ant. 14, 456), in our lit. only pass. φοβέομαι (Hom.+; OGI 669, 59; SIG 1268 II, 17; pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., P. 98, 746 al.; Ath. 20, 2; R. 21 p. 75, 1) impf. ἐφοβούμην; 1 fut. φοβηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐφοβήθην (Plut., Brut. 1002 [40, 9]; M. Ant. 9, 1, 7; Jer 40:9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277; s. B-D-F §79).① to be in an apprehensive state, be afraid, the aor. oft. in the sense become frightenedⓐ intr., abs. (Iren. 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 36, 4]) ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα they were terribly frightened (Ex 14:10; 1 Macc 12:52) Mt 17:6; 27:54. ἐπεστράφην φοβηθείς I turned around in terror Hv 4, 3, 7.—Mt 9:8; 14:30; 25:25; Mk 5:33; Ac 16:38. ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ for they were afraid Mk 16:8 (Mk 16:9–20 is now rarely considered a part of the original gospel of Mk, though many scholars doubt that the gosp. really ended w. the words ἐφ. γάρ. The original ending may have been lost; among the possible reasons given are the accidental loss of the last page of Mark’s own first copy [the same defect, at a very early stage, in the case of the 18th book of the Κεστοί of Jul. Africanus: WBauer, Orthodoxy etc. (Engl. tr. of 2d German ed. ’64) ’71, 159ff. S. also FKenyon, Papyrus Rolls and the Ending of St. Mk: JTS 40, ’39, 56f; CRoberts, The Ancient Book and the Ending of St. Mk: ibid. 253–57] or by purposeful suppression, perh. because it may have deviated fr. the other accounts of the resurrection [for the purposeful omission of the end of a document cp. Athen. 4, 61, 166d on the 10th book of Theopompus’ Philippica, ἀφʼ ἧς τινες τὸ τελευταῖον μέρος χωρίσαντες, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν τὰ περὶ τῶν δημαγωγῶν. S. also Diog. L. 7, 34: a report of Isidorus of Pergamum on the systematic mutilation of books in the library there by Athenodorus the Stoic].—Those who conclude that nothing ever came after ἐφ. γάρ must either assume that the evangelist was prevented fr. finishing his work [Zahn et al.], or indeed intended to close the book w. these words [s. γάρ 1a]. For a short sentence, composed of a verb + γάρ s. also Epict. 3, 9, 19; 4, 8, 4; Artem. 4, 64; 1, 33 p. 35, 6; Plotinus, Ennead 5, 5, a treatise ending in γάρ [PvanderHorst, JTS 23, ’72, 121–24]; Musonius Rufus, Tr. XII; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 8; Libanius, Or. 53 p. 65, 20 F.; PMich 149 VI, 37 [II A.D.]. Among those favoring an ending w. γάρ: Wlh., Loisy, Lohmeyer ad loc.; ABauer, WienerStud 34, 1912, 306ff; LBrun, D. Auferst. Christi 1925, 10ff; OLinton, ThBl 8, 1929, 229–34; JCreed, JTS 31, 1930, 175–80; MGoguel, La foi à la résurr. de Jésus ’33, 176ff; HMosbech, Mkevangeliets Slutning: SEÅ 5, ’40, 56–73; WAllen, JTS 47, ’46, 46–49 [‘feel reverential awe’]; ibid. 48, ’47, 201–3. S. also EGoodspeed, Exp. 8th ser., 18, 1919, 155–60; reconstruction of the ‘lost’ ending, in Engl., by Goodsp. in his Introd. to the NT ’37, 156; HProbyn, Exp. 9th ser., 4, 1925, 120–25; RKevin, JBL 45, 1926, 81–103; MEnslin, ibid. 46, 1927, 62–68; HCadbury, ibid. 344f; MRist, ATR 14, ’32, 143–51; WKnox, HTR 35, ’42, 13ff; EHelzle, Der Schluss des Mk, ’59, diss. Tübingen; FDanker, CTM 38, ’67, 26f; JLuzarraga, Biblica 50, ’69, 497–510; KAland, MBlack Festschr., ’69, 157–80, NTEntwürfe, ’79, 246–83). φοβοῦμαι μᾶλλον I am all the more fearful IPhld 5:1. μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not be afraid Mt 10:31 v.l. (μή 1cεא). μὴ φοβοῦ, μὴ φοβεῖσθε you must no longer be afraid, stop being afraid (μή 1cγא) Mt 10:31; 14:27; 17:7; Mk 5:36; Lk 1:13, 30; 2:10; 5:10; 8:50; 12:7 al. LKöhler, D. Offenbarungsformel ‘Fürchte dich nicht!’: SchTZ 36, 1919, 33ff.—W. acc. of inner obj. (B-D-F §153; Rob. 468; Pla., Prot. 360b; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 586 D.: φοβοῦμαι φόβον; Did., Gen. 230, 1; on LXX usage s. Johannessohn, Kasus 73) ὁ φόβος ὸ̔ν δεῖ σε φοβηθῆναι the fear which you must have Hm 7:1c. ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν (Jon 1:10; 1 Macc 10:8; TestAbr. B 13 p. 117, 17f [Stone p. 82]; JosAs 6:1) they were very much afraid Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9. If the nouns are to be taken in the pass. sense, this is also the place for τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν (objective gen.) μὴ φοβηθῆτε 1 Pt 3:14 (cp. Is 8:12) and μὴ φοβούμεναι μηδεμίαν πτόησιν vs. 6 (πτόησις 2); s. 1bγ below.—A recognizable Hellenic expr. (cp. ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων φόβος=fear in the face of the enemy), though encouraged by OT usage (Lev 26:2; Dt 1:29; Jer 1:8, 17; Jdth 5:23; 1 Macc 2:62; 8:12; En 106:4; Helbing 29; B-D-F §149; Rob. 577) φοβ. ἀπό τινος be afraid of someone Mt 10:28a; Lk 12:4; 1 Cl 56:11 (Job 5:22).—Foll. by gen. absol. 56:10. Foll. by μή and the aor. subj. to denote that which one fears (Thu. 1, 36, 1; Aesop, Fab. 317 H.=356a P.; Alex. Aphr. 31, II/2 p. 203, 20 τὸν Ἀπόλλω φοβεῖσθαι μή τι παρελθῇ τούτων ἄπρακτον=Apollo is concerned [almost as much as ‘sees to it’] that nothing of this remains undone; Jos., Ant. 10, 8, Vi. 252) Ac 23:10; 27:17; ITr 5:1; Hs 9, 20, 2. Foll. by μήποτε (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 4 Jac. p. 1172, 30 φοβοῦμαι περὶ ὑμῶν, μήποτε; JosAs 7:3; ApcMos 16 al.): Hm 12, 5, 3. φοβηθῶμεν μήποτε δοκῇ τις Hb 4:1; μήπου (v.l. μήπως; ParJer 5:5) Ac 27:29; 2 Cor 11:3; 12:20. A notable feature is the prolepsis of the obj. (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 767; Thu. 4, 8, 7) φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μήπως εἰκῇ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς I am afraid my work with you may be wasted Gal 4:11 (B-D-F §476, 3; Rob. 423).—W. inf. foll. be afraid to do or shrink from doing someth. (B-D-F §392, 1b.—X., An. 1, 3, 17 al.; Gen 19:30; 26:7; ApcMos 10:18) Mt 1:20; 2:22; Mk 9:32; Lk 9:45; 2 Cl 5:1.—φοβεῖσθαι abs. in the sense take care (Just., D. 78, 4) πλέον φοβεῖσθαι be more careful than usually ITr 4:1.ⓑ trans. fear someone or someth.α. pers. τινά someone (X., An. 3, 2, 19 al.; PGM 4, 2171; Num 21:34; Dt 3:2; Jos., Ant. 13, 26; Just., D. 83, 1) μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς Mt 10:26. Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 6:20. τοὺς Ἰουδαίους J 9:22.—Gal 2:12; 2:5b (saying of Jesus). God (Did., Gen. 64, 15; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 11]) Mt 10:28b; Lk 12:5abc; 23:40; 2:5c (saying of Jesus). The crowd Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46; Mk 11:32; 12:12; Lk 20:19; 22:2; Ac 5:26 (foll. by μή). τὴν ἐξουσίαν (ἐξουσία 5a) Ro 13:3. The angel of repentance Hm 12, 4, 1; Hs 6, 2, 5. The Christian is to have no fear of the devil Hm 7:2a; 12, 4, 6f; 12, 5, 2.β. animals (in imagery) μὴ φοβείσθωσαν τὰ ἀρνία τοὺς λύκους 2:5a (saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source).γ. things τὶ someth. (X., Hell. 4, 4, 8 al.; En 103:4; ApcEsdr 7:2 τὸν θάνατον; Just., D. 1, 5 κόλασιν; Ath., R. 21 p. 75, 1 οὐδέν; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 90; 2, 232) τὸ διάταγμα τοῦ βασιλέως Hb 11:23. τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ βασιλέως vs. 27. τὴν κρίσιν 2 Cl 18:2. τὸν ὄντως θάνατον Dg 10:7. φοβοῦμαι τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην, μὴ … IRo 1:2. τὰ ὅπλα (in imagery) Hm 12, 2, 4.—1 Pt 3:14 and 6 belong here if the nouns in them are to be taken in an act. sense; s. 1a above.—Fear, avoid, shun τὶ someth. (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 41, 9 Δαρεῖος τὸ ἅρμα φοβηθείς) τὴν πλάνην τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν B 12:10. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου Hm 7:3ac.—AVStröm, Der Hirt des Hermas, Allegorie oder Wirklichkeit? Ntl. Sem. Uppsala 3, ’36.② to have a profound measure of respect for, (have) reverence, respect, w. special ref. to fear of offendingⓐ God: fear (differently 1bα) in the sense reverence (Aeschyl., Suppl. 893 δαίμονας; Isocr. 1, 16 τοὺς μὲν θεοὺς φοβοῦ, τοὺς δὲ γονεῖς τίμα; Pla., Leg. 11, 927a; Lysias 9, 17; 32, 17; Plut., De Superstit. 2, 165b; LXX; PsSol 4:21; TestJob 43:9 [τὸν κύριον]; JosAs 2:5 [deities]; Philo, Migr. Abr. 21 [after Gen 42:18]. Cp. PTebt 59, 10 [II B.C.] φοβεῖσθαι καὶ σέβεσθαι τὸ ἱερόν) Lk 1:50 (anticipates the οἱ φοβούμενοι in Ac: H-JKlauck, NTS 43, ’97, 134–39); 18:2, 4 (was Ex 23:1–3 his motto: even God could not bribe him?); Ac 10:35; 1 Pt 2:17; Rv 14:7; 19:5; 1 Cl 21:7; 23:1; 28:1; 45:6; B 10:10f (τὸν κύριον); 19:2, 7; Hm 1:2; 7:1, 4f; Hs 5, 1, 5; 8, 11, 2; D 4:10. Also τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ (2 Esdr 11) Rv 11:18.—φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν as a t.t.=σεβόμενοι τὸν θεόν (σέβω 1b; t.t. disputed by MWilcox, JSNT 13, ’81, 102–22; cp. TFinn, CBQ 47, ’85, 75–84; ILevinskaya, The Book of Acts in Its Diaspora Setting [BAFCS V] ’96, 51–126; BWander, Gottesfürchtige und Sympathisanten [WUNT 104] ’98, esp. 80–86; 180–203) Ac 13:16, 26 (Just., D. 10, 4 al.; sing. 10:2, 22).—τὸν κύριον (PsSol 2:33; 3:12 al.; JosAs 8:9) Christ: Col 3:22.—WAllen (s. 1a above) interprets Mk 16:8 to mean reverence for the divine.ⓑ pers. who command respect (Plut., Galba 1054 [3, 4]; Herodian 3, 13, 2; Lev 19:3 φοβ. πατέρα καὶ μητέρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 345): of a wife ἵνα φοβῆται τὸν ἄνδρα Eph 5:33. τὸν ἐπίσκοπον IEph 6:1.—RAC VIII 661–99; TRE XI 756–59; Schmidt, Syn. III 507–36. DELG s.v. φέβομαι II. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
15 ἀποτίθημι
ἀποτίθημι fut. ἀποθήσω; aor. ἀπέθηκα LXX (the act. does not occur in our lit.); 2 aor. mid. ἀπεθέμην, 3 pl. ἀπέθοντο Hs 8, 5, 1; 1 aor. pass. ἀπετέθην (s. τίθημι; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol, JosAs; ParJer 5:14; ApcSed 9:1) gener. ‘put off’.① take offⓐ lit. of clothes (Teles p. 16, 7 ἱμάτιον; Alciphron 3, 6, 2; 2 Macc 8:35; JosAs 13:2 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 266) τὰ ἱμάτια ἀ. MPol 13:2; take off and lay down Ac 7:58.ⓑ fig. lay aside, rid oneself of τὰ ἔργα τ. σκότους Ro 13:12. ἀλαζονείαν 1 Cl 13:1. αὐθάδειαν 57:2. τὰς μαλακίας Hv 3, 12, 3. τὴν νέκρωσιν τ. ζωῆς Hs 9, 16, 2f. τὰ πάντα, ὀργὴν κτλ. Col 3:8 (Plut., Cor. 223 [19, 4] ὀργήν). τὸ τῆς λύπης AcPl Ha 8, 8/BMM recto 7. τὸ νέφος 2 Cl 1:6. τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον Eph 4:22 (w. acc. of pers. in Callim., Epigr. 21, 6 [Pf.]; Maximus Tyr. 1 4e in the theater ἀποθέμενος τὸν θεατὴν ἀγωνιστὴς γενέσθαι=stop being a spectator and become a contestant). τὸ ψεῦδος vs. 25. πᾶσαν ῥυπαρίαν Js 1:21. πᾶσαν κακίαν 1 Pt 2:1. ὄγκον πάντα καὶ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν Hb 12:1 (of vices since Demosth. 8, 46; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 8f; EpArist 122 et al. [Nägeli 20]).—νηστίαν … ἀποθέ̣[ντος] (Paul) having ended a fast AcPl Ha 6, 37.—αἵρεσιν give up a way of thinking Hs 9, 23, 5; lose cracks Hs 8, 5, 1.② to put aside for a special purpose, lay aside (as alms) Hs 5, 3, 7 (some mss. omit; cp. Just., A I, 67, 6).③ to remove from a locality and place elsewhere, put away, lay down (Hom. et al.; PFlor 125, 2; PRyl 125, 14; Jos., Ant. 11, 11) a martyr’s bones MPol 18:1 (Appian, Syr. 63 §336 ἀπέθετο of the ‘laying away’ or ‘depositing’ of the remains [τὰ λείψαντα] of a cremated body; ApcSed 9:1 transfer of [Sedrach’s] soul to Paradise); put (rods) away 1 Cl 43:2; put back (opp. αἴρω) stones Hs 9, 5, 4; 9, 9, 4 (cp. 1 Macc 4:46).—ἀ. τινὰ ἐν φυλακῇ put someone in prison Mt 14:3 (cp. Polyb. 24, 8, 8; Diod S 4, 49, 3; PEleph 12, 2 [223/222 B.C.] ἀποθέσθαι αὐτοὺς εἰς τ. φυλακήν; PTebt 769, 51 al. [III B.C.]. Lev 24:12; Num 15:34; 2 Ch 18:26).—DELG s.v. τίθημι. M-M. -
16 ἁμαρτία
ἁμαρτία, ίας, ἡ (w. mngs. ranging fr. involuntary mistake/ error to serious offenses against a deity: Aeschyl., Antiphon, Democr.+; ins fr. Cyzicus JHS 27, 1907, p. 63 [III B.C.] ἁμαρτίαν μετανόει; PLips 119 recto, 3; POxy 1119, 11; LXX; En, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 12:14; ParJer, ApcEsdr, ApcSed, ApcMos; EpArist 192; Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 69 al.; Ar. [Milne 76, 42]; Just., A I, 61, 6; 10; 66, 1, D. 13, 1 al.; Tat. 14, 1f; 20, 1; Mel., P. 50, 359; 55, 400; s. ClR 24, 1910, 88; 234; 25, 1911, 195–97).① a departure fr. either human or divine standards of uprightnessⓐ sin (w. context ordinarily suggesting the level of heinousness), the action itself (ἁμάρτησις s. prec.), as well as its result (ἁμάρτημα), πᾶσα ἀδικία ἁ. ἐστίν 1J 5:17 (cp. Eur., Or. 649; Gen 50:17). ἁ. w. ἀνομήματα Hv 1, 3, 1; descr. as ἀνομία (cp. Ps 58:3; TestJob 43:17) 1J 3:4; but one who loves is far from sin Pol 3:3, cp. Js 5:20; 1 Pt 4:8, 1 Cl 49:5; Agr 13. ἀναπληρῶσαι τὰς ἁ. fill up the measure of sins (Gen 15:16) 1 Th 2:16. κοινωνεῖν ἁ. ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Ti 5:22. ποιεῖν ἁ. commit a sin (Tob 12:10; 14:7S; Dt 9:21) 2 Cor 11:7; 1 Pt 2:22; Js 5:15; 1J 3:4, 8. For this ἁμαρτάνειν ἁ. (Ex 32:30; La 1:8) 1J 5:16; ἐργάζεσθαι ἁ. Js 2:9; Hm 4, 1, 2 (LXX oft. ἐργάζ. ἀδικίαν or ἀνομίαν). μεγάλην ἁ. ἐργάζεσθαι commit a great sin m 4, 1, 1; 8:2. Pl. (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a τὰ μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα κ. ἀδικήματα) Hs 7:2. ἐπιφέρειν ἁ. τινί Hv 1, 2, 4. ἑαυτῷ ἁ. ἐπιφέρειν bring sin upon oneself m 11:4; for this ἁ. ἐπισπᾶσθαί τινι m 4, 1, 8 (cp. Is 5:18). προστιθέναι ταῖς ἁ. add to one’s sins (cp. προσέθηκεν ἁμαρτίας ἐφʼ ἁμαρτίας PsSol 3:10) Hv 5:7; m 4, 3, 7; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 11, 3; φέρειν ἁ. 1 Cl 16:4 (Is 53:4). ἀναφέρειν vs. 14 (Is 53:12). γέμειν ἁμαρτιῶν B 11:11. εἶναι ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις 1 Cor 15:17 (cp. Alex. Aphr., Eth. Probl. 9 II 2 p. 129, 13 ἐν ἁμαρτήμασιν εἶναι).—Sin viewed from the perspective of God’s or Christ’s response: ἀφιέναι τὰς ἁ. let go = forgive sins (Lev 4:20 al.) Mt 9:2, 5f; Mk 2:5, 7, 9f; Lk 5:20ff; Hv 2, 2, 4; 1 Cl 50:5; 53:5 (Ex 32:32) al. (ἀφίημι 2); hence ἄφεσις (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (Iren. 1, 21, 2 [Harv. I 182, 4]) forgiveness of sins Mt 26:28; Mk 1:4; Lk 1:77; 3:3; 24:47; Ac 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; Hm 4, 3, 2; B 5:1; 6:11; 8:3; 11:1; 16:8. διδόναι ἄφεσιν ἁ. AcPl Ha 2, 30; λαβεῖν ἄφεσιν ἁ. receive forgiveness of sins Ac 26:18 (Just., D. 54 al); καθαρίζειν τὰς ἁ. cleanse the sins (thought of as a stain) Hs 5, 6, 3; καθαρίζειν ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4; cp. Sir 23:10; PsSol 10:1); also καθαρισμὸν ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἁ. Hb 1:3; ἀπολούεσθαι τὰς ἁ. Ac 22:16 ([w. βαπτίζειν] Just., D. 13, 1 al.). λύτρον ἁ. ransom for sins B 19:10.—αἴρειν J 1:29; περιελεῖν ἁ. Hb 10:11; ἀφαιρεῖν (Ex 34:9; Is 27; 9) vs. 4; Hs 9, 28, 3; ῥυσθῆναι ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 60:3; ἀπὸ τῶν ἁ. ἀποσπασθῆναι AcPlCor 2:9. Sin as a burden αἱ ἁ. κατεβάρησαν Hs 9, 28, 6; as a disease ἰᾶσθαι Hs 9, 28, 5 (cp. Dt 30:3); s. also the verbs in question.—Looked upon as an entry in a ledger; hence ἐξαλείφεται ἡ ἁ. wiped away, cancelled (Ps 108:14; Jer 18:23; Is 43:25) Ac 3:19.—Opp. στῆσαι τὴν ἁ. 7:60; λογίζεσθαι ἁ. take account of sin (as a debt; cp. the commercial metaphor Ro 4:6 and s. FDanker, Gingrich Festschr. 104, n. 2) Ro 4:8 (Ps 31:2); 1 Cl 60:2 (Just., D. 141, 3). Pass. ἁ. οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται is not entered in the account Ro 5:13 (GFriedrich, TLZ 77, ’52, 523–28). Of sinners ὀφειλέτης ἁ. Pol 6:1 (cp. SIG 1042, 14–16 [II A.D.] ὸ̔ς ἂν δὲ πολυπραγμονήσῃ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ περιεργάσηται, ἁμαρτίαν ὀφιλέτω Μηνὶ Τυράννωι, ἣν οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξειλάσασθαι).—γινώσκειν ἁ. (cp. Num 32:23) Ro 7:7; Hm 4, 1, 5. ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας Ro 3:20; ὁμολογεῖν τὰς ἁ. 1J 1:9; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁ. B 19:12; ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τὰς ἁ. Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; Hv 3, 1, 5f; Hs 9, 23, 4; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁ. confess your sins to each other Js 5:16.—ἐλέγχειν τινὰ περὶ ἁ. convict someone of sin J 8:46; cp. ἵνα σου τὰς ἁ. ἐλέγξω πρὸς τὸν κύριον that I might reveal your sins before the Lord Hv 1, 1, 5.—σεσωρευμένος ἁμαρτίαις loaded down w. sins 2 Ti 3:6; cp. ἐπισωρεύειν ταῖς ἁ. B 4:6; ἔνοχος τῆς ἁ. involved in the sin Hm 2:2; 4, 1, 5. μέτοχος τῆς ἁ. m 4, 1, 9.—In Hb sin is atoned for (ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁ. 2:17) by sacrifices θυσίαι ὑπὲρ ἁ. 5:1 (cp. 1 Cl 41:2). προσφορὰ περὶ ἁ. sin-offering 10:18; also simply περὶ ἁ. (Lev 5:11; 7:37) vss. 6, 8 (both Ps 39:7; cp. 1 Pt 3:18); προσφέρειν περὶ ἁ. bring a sin-offering Hb 5:3; cp. 10:12; 13:11. Christ has made the perfect sacrifice for sin 9:23ff; συνείδησις ἁ. consciousness of sin 10:2; ἀνάμνησις ἁ. a reminder of sins of the feast of atonement vs. 3.ⓑ special sins (ἁ. τῆς ἀποστασίας Iren. 5, 26, 2 [Harv. II 397, 4]): πρὸς θάνατον that leads to death 1J 5:16b (ἁμαρτάνω e); opp. οὐ πρὸς θάνατον vs. 17. μεγάλη ἁ. a great sin Hv 1, 1, 8 al. (Gen 20:9; Ex 32:30 al.; cp. Schol. on Pla., Tht. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα). μείζων ἁ. m 11:4; ἥττων 1 Cl 47:4. μεγάλη κ. ἀνίατος Hm 5, 2, 4; τέλειαι ἁ. Hv 1, 2, 1; B 8:1, cp. τὸ τέλειον τῶν ἁ. 5:11 (Philo, Mos. 1, 96 κατὰ τῶν τέλεια ἡμαρτηκότων); ἡ προτέρα ἁ. (Arrian, Anab. 7, 23, 8 εἴ τι πρότερον ἡμάρτηκας) sin committed before baptism Hm 4, 1, 11; 4, 3, 3; Hs 8, 11, 3; cp. v 2, 1, 2.② a state of being sinful, sinfulness, a prominent feature in Johannine thought, and opposed to ἀλήθεια; hence ἁ. ἔχειν J 9:41; 15:24; 1J 1:8. μείζονα ἁ. ἔχειν J 19:11; ἁ. μένει 9:41. γεννᾶσθαι ἐν ἁμαρτίαις be born in sin 9:34 (ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ v.l).; opp. ἐν ἁ. ἀποθανεῖν die in sin 8:21, 24; AcPl Ha 1, 16. ἁ. ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν 1J 3:5.③ a destructive evil power, sinⓐ Paul thinks of sin almost in pers. terms (cp. Sir 27:10; Mel., P. 50, 359; PGM 4, 1448 w. other divinities of the nether world, also Ἁμαρτίαι χθόνιαι; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 119ff) as a ruling power that invades the world. Sin came into the world Ro 5:12 (JFreundorfer, Erbsünde u. Erbtod b. Ap. Pls 1927; ELohmeyer, ZNW 29, 1930, 1–59; JSchnitzer, D. Erbsünde im Lichte d. Religionsgesch. ’31; ROtto, Sünde u. Urschuld ’32; FDanker, Ro 5:12: Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’67/68, 424–39), reigns there vs. 21; 6:14; everything was subject to it Gal 3:22; people serve it Ro 6:6; are its slaves vss. 17, 20; are sold into its service 7:14 or set free from it 6:22; it has its law 7:23; 8:2; it revives (ἀνέζησεν) Ro 7:9 or is dead vs. 8; it pays its wages, viz., death 6:23, cp. 5:12 (see lit. s.v. ἐπί 6c). As a pers. principle it dwells in humans Ro 7:17, 20, viz., in the flesh (s. σάρξ 2cα) 8:3; cp. vs. 2; 7:25. The earthly body is hence a σῶμα τῆς ἁ. 6:6 (Col 2:11 v.l.).—As abstr. for concr. τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁ. ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν (God) made him, who never sinned, to be sin (i.e. the guilty one) for our sakes 2 Cor 5:21.ⓑ In Hb (as in OT) sin appears as the power that deceives humanity and leads it to destruction, whose influence and activity can be ended only by sacrifices (s. 1a end): ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ. Hb 3:13.—On the whole word s. ἁμαρτάνω, end. GMoore, Judaism I 445–52; ABüchler, Studies in Sin and Atonement in the Rabb. Lit. of the I Cent. 1928; WKnuth, D. Begriff der Sünde b. Philon v. Alex., diss. Jena ’34; EThomas, The Problem of Sin in the NT 1927; Dodd 76–81; DDaube, Sin, Ignorance and Forgiveness in the Bible, ’61; AGelin and ADescamps, Sin in the Bible, ’65.—On the special question ‘The Christian and Sin’ see PWernle 1897; HWindisch 1908; EHedström 1911; RBultmann, ZNW 23, 1924, 123–40; Windisch, ibid. 265–81; RSchulz, D. Frage nach der Selbsttätigkt. d. Menschen im sittl. Leben b. Pls., diss. Hdlb. ’40.—JAddison, ATR 33, ’51, 137–48; KKuhn, πειρασμός ἁμαρτία σάρξ im NT: ZTK 49, ’52, 200–222; JBremer, Hamartia ’69 (Gk. views).—B. 1182. EDNT. DELG s.v. ἁμαρτάνω. M-M. TW.
См. также в других словарях:
ended — ended, ending Figures for the period ending / ended 31 December. In referring to periods of time, ended is used to denote the terminal date when the time is in the past, and ending when the time is in the future or (in current use) in the past;… … Modern English usage
ended — ended; un·ended; … English syllables
ended — index dead, defunct, lifeless (dead), through Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
endedæg — endedæg2 m ( es/ dagas) last day, day of one s death; the day when the end comes; … Old to modern English dictionary
ended — “finished, completed,” 1590s, pp. adj. from END (Cf. end) … Etymology dictionary
Ended — End End, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Ending}.] 1. To bring to an end or conclusion; to finish; to close; to terminate; as, to end a speech. I shall end this strife. Shak. [1913 Webster] On the seventh day God ended his work. Gen … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
ended — See end, ending, ended … Dictionary of problem words and expressions
ended — adjective having come or been brought to a conclusion the harvesting was complete the affair is over, ended, finished the abruptly terminated interview • Syn: ↑complete, ↑concluded, ↑over, ↑all over, ↑terminated … Useful english dictionary
ended well — ended in the best possible manner, was settled in a nice way … English contemporary dictionary
ended — adjective see end I … New Collegiate Dictionary
ended — Synonyms and related words: SOL, all bets off, all off, all over, all up, at an end, canceled, cleaned up, complete, completed, concluded, dead, decided, defunct, deleted, done, done for, done with, down, expunged, extinct, fini, finished,… … Moby Thesaurus