yádyápi

even though

yádi

yadihavai, yádî ̱4t, yádyu, yadyuvai) if, in case that RV. etc. etc.
In the earlier language yadi may be joined with Indic
Subj. orﾠ Leṭ Pot., orﾠ Fut.,
the consequent clause of the conditional sentence being generally without any particle. In the later language yadi may be joined with Pres.
(followed in consñconsequent clause by another Pres.
e.g.. yadijīvatibhadrāṇipaṡyati, « if he lives he beholds prosperity»,
orﾠ by fut. orﾠ by Impv. orﾠ by Pot. orﾠ by no verb);
orﾠ it may be joined with Pot. (e.g.. yadirājādaṇḍaṉnapraṇayet, « if the king were not to inflict punishment», followed by another Pot. orﾠ by Cond. orﾠ by Pres. orﾠ by Impv. orﾠ by fut. orﾠ by no verb);
orﾠ it may be joined with fut. (e.g.. yadinakarishyantitat, « if they will not do that», followed by another fut. orﾠ by Pres. orﾠ by Impv. orﾠ by no verb);
orﾠ it may be joined with Cond. (e.g.. yadyanujñāmadāsyat, « if he should give permission», followed by another Cond. orﾠ by Pot. orﾠ by aor.);
orﾠ it may be joined with aor. (e.g.. yadiprajā-patirnavapurarsrākshīt, « if the Creator had not created the body», followed by Cond. orﾠ by Pot. orﾠ by pf.);
orﾠ it may be joined with Impv. orﾠ even with pf. (e.g.. yadyāha, « if he had said»). There may be other constructions, andﾠ in the consequent clauses some one of the following may be used:
atha, atra, tad, tena, tatas, tataḥparam, tadā, tarhi, tadānīm. Observe that yadi may sometimes = « as sure as» (esp. in asseverations, followed by Impv. with orﾠ without tathā orﾠ tena orﾠ followed by Pot. with tad) MBh. Kāv. etc.;
orﾠ it may = « whether» (followed by Pres. orﾠ Pot. orﾠ no verb e.g.. yadi-navā, « whether- orﾠ not», andﾠ sometimes kim is added) ib. ;
orﾠ it may = « that» (after verbs of « not believing» orﾠ « doubting», with Pres. orﾠ Pot. e.g.. nâ̱ṡaṉseyadijīvanti, « I do not expect that they are alive» cf. Pāṇ. 3-3, 147 Sch.);
orﾠ if placed after dushkaraṉ orﾠ kathaṉcid it may = « hardly», « scarcely» MBh. R. ;
orﾠ it may = « if perchance», « perhaps» (with Pot. with orﾠ without iti, orﾠ with fut. orﾠ pres.) MBh. Kāv. etc. The following are other combinations:
- yaditāvat, « how would it be if» (with Pres. orﾠ Impv.);
yadināma, « if ever» ;
yadicêt ( cêt being added redundantly) = « if» (e.g.. yadicêtsyāt, « if it should be»);
purāyadi = « before» (e.g.. purāyadipaṡyāmi, « before that I seeﾠ»);
yádyápi (rarely apiyadi), « even if», « although» (followed by tathâ̱pi orﾠ tadapi orﾠ sometimes by no particle in the correlative clause);
yadi - yadica-yadyapi, « if - andﾠ if - if alsoﾠ» ;
yádi - yádi-vā, orﾠ yádivā - yádivā, orﾠ yádivā - yádi, orﾠ yadivā - vā, orﾠ vā - yadivā, orﾠ yadvā - yadivā, « if - orﾠ if», « whether - orﾠ» ;
yádivā - návā, « whether - orﾠ not» ;
vā - yadivā - yadivā-tathâ̱pi, « whether - orﾠ - orﾠ - yet» ;
vāyadi = « orﾠ if», « orﾠ rather» ;
yadivā id. orﾠ = « yet», « however»

ápi

in later Sanskṛit its place seems frequently supplied by abhi. (As a separable adv.) andﾠ, alsoﾠ, moreover, besides, assuredly, surely;
apiapi, orﾠ api-ca, as well as;
navâ̱pi orﾠ naapivā orﾠ nanacâ̱pi, neither, nor, câ̱pi, ( andﾠ at the beginning of a sentence) api-ca, moreover
+ cf. Gk. ἐπί;
Zd. api;
Germ. andﾠ Eng. prefix be
api

e.g.. anyadapi, alsoﾠ another, something more;
adyâ̱pi, this very day, even now;
tathâ̱pi, even thus, notwithstanding;
yadyapi, even if, although;
yadyapitathâ̱pi, although, nevertheless;
nakadācidapi, never at any time:
sometimes in the sense of but, only, at least e.g.. muhūrtamapi, only a moment
may be affixed to an interrogative to make it indefinite, e.g.. ko'pi, any one;
kutrâ̱pi, anywhere
imparts to numerals the notion of totality e.g.. caturṇamapivarṇānām, of all the four castes
may be interrogative at the beginning of a sentence
may strengthen the original force of the Potential, orﾠ may soften the Imperative, like the English « be pleased to» ;
sometimes it is a mere expletive
« even then», nevertheless, notwithstanding Ṡak. (v.l.) Bhartṛ. Prab. Siṇhâs.

táthâ̱pi

api < Amar. >, apiyadi < Prab. >, kāmam < Ṡak. >, varam) MBh. etc.;
tathâ̱pitu id. Ṡak.