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81 acierto
Del verbo acertar: ( conjugate acertar) \ \
acierto es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativoMultiple Entries: acertar acierto
acertar ( conjugate acertar) verbo transitivo ‹respuesta/resultado› to get … right; verbo intransitivo 1 2 ( lograr) acierto a hacer algo to manage to do sth
acierto sustantivo masculino
acertar
I verbo transitivo
1 (dar con la solución) to get right
2 (adivinar) to guess correctly
3 acertar la quiniela, to win the pools
II verbo intransitivo
1 (decidir correctamente) to be right
2 (encontrar) cuando por fin acertó con la llave..., when she finally found the right key...
acierto sustantivo masculino
1 (elección) good choice (solución) good idea: esa combinación de colores es un acierto, this colour combination is a great idea
2 (habilidad, tino) skill, wisdom: resolvió la situación con gran acierto, he resolved the situation very skilfully ' acierto' also found in these entries: Spanish: ojo - razón English: odds -
82 ♦ card
♦ card (1) /kɑ:d/n.1 biglietto; cartoncino: Christmas card, cartoncino di Natale; biglietto di auguri; get-well card, biglietto d'auguri di pronta guarigione5 tessera; tesserino; carta: identity card, carta d'identità; membership card, tessera di socio; (in negozio) DIALOGO → - Paying for petrol- Have you got a club card?, ha la carta fedeltà?6 scheda ( magnetizzata); carta: ( banca) credit card, carta di credito; DIALOGO → - Paying 1- Which credit cards do you take?, quali carte di credito accettate?; DIALOGO → - Paying for petrol- Can you put it on this credit card please?, può addebitarlo su questa carta di credito?; telephone card, scheda telefonica7 (= playing card) carta (da gioco): a game of cards, una partita a carte; a pack of cards, un mazzo di carte; to play (at) cards, giocare a carte; to win at cards, vincere alle carte; card game, gioco di carte9 (demogr.) scheda anagrafica10 (org. az.) cartellino marcatempo12 (ipp.) programma (delle corse)17 (al pl.) (fam. GB) libretto di lavoro● card-carrying, tesserato, iscritto (agg.); (fig.) convinto, dichiarato, autentico □ ( USA) card catalog, schedario ( di biblioteca, ecc.) □ card dealer, chi dà le carte ( al gioco); cartaio □ (comput.) card feed, alimentatore di schede □ card file, schedario □ (leg.) card fraud, uso fraudolento di carte di credito □ card-holder, tesserato (sost.); titolare di una tessera (o di una carta di credito, ecc.); abbonato; socio, iscritto □ card index, schedario ( di biblioteca, ecc.) □ card-indexing, schedatura □ (fin.) card issuer, emittente di carte di credito □ card key, scheda magnetica ( per porta) □ (rag.) card ledger, mastro a schede; partitario a fogli mobili □ card member, tesserato (sost.); iscritto ( a un club, ecc.) □ card phone, telefono a scheda □ card-room, sala da gioco □ card-sharper, baro ( alle carte) □ card swipe, lettore di carta magnetica (spec. di carta di credito, ecc.) □ card table, tavolino da gioco □ (org. az.) card time recorder, orologio marcatempo a cartellini □ (in GB) card vote, voto plurimo □ (fam. GB) to ask for one's cards, licenziarsi □ (fam. GB) to get one's cards, essere licenziato □ (fig.) to have a card up one's sleeve, avere ancora una carta da giocare; avere un asso nella manica □ (fam.) to hold all the cards, avere tutte le carte in mano □ in the cards ( USA), on the cards (GB), assai probabile; quasi sicuro □ (fig.) to play one's cards well (o right), giocare bene le proprie carte □ (fig.) to play (o to keep) one's cards close to one's chest, fare un gioco coperto; non sbottonarsi □ (fig.) to put (o to lay) one's cards on the table, mettere le carte in tavola; giocare a carte scoperte □ ( anche fig.) a sure (o safe) card, una carta sicura □ to throw up one's cards, darsi per vinto; abbandonare la partita.card (2) /kɑ:d/n. (ind. tess.)2 carda; cardatrice.(to) card (1) /kɑ:d/v. t.1 annotare su cartellini; schedare(to) card (2) /kɑ:d/v. t. (ind. tess.)2 cardare. -
83 ♦ home
♦ home /həʊm/A n.1 casa ( natale o dove si abita); dimora; focolare domestico; famiglia; vita familiare: He left home and joined the army, se ne è andato di casa per arruolarsi; the joys of home, le gioie della vita familiare; holiday home (o vacation home) casa per le vacanze; seconda casa; starter home, casa per una persona (o coppia) giovane; to get sb. home, portare (o accompagnare) a casa q.; to live at home, vivere con i genitori; to stay at home, restare in casa; to run away from home, scappare di casa; to return home, tornare a casa2 patria ( anche fig.); terra natia: I left my post abroad and went home, ho lasciato il mio posto all'estero e sono tornato in patria; England is the home of football, l'Inghilterra è la patria del gioco del calcio3 ambiente naturale; habitat: The Arctic is the home of the polar bear, l'Artico è l'habitat dell'orso polare4 alloggio; asilo; ricovero; casa: homes for veterans, alloggi per i reduci; children's home, istituto sociale per l'infanzia ( per bambini disadattati, abbandonati, con famiglie disastrate, ecc.); foster home, casa affidataria; an old people's home, una casa per anziani; dogs' home, canile pubblicoB a. attr.2 interno; nazionale; nostrano; indigeno; domestico: home trade, commercio interno; home products, prodotti nazionali; home affairs, affari interni; (mil.) home front, fronte interno; home market, mercato interno (o nazionale)4 ( sport) in casa; di casa; casalingo; interno: a home match, una partita in casa; DIALOGO → - Discussing football- When's the next home game?, quando c'è la prossima partita in casa?; the home team (o side), la squadra di casa (o che gioca in casa); la squadra ospitante; a home win, una vittoria in casa; una vittoria internaC avv.1 a casa (di luogo e di moto a luogo): to go home, andare a casa; to see sb. home, accompagnare q. a casa; She went home, è andata a casa; Is he home from work?, è tornato (a casa) dal lavoro?; He'll be ( o come) home by 3 pm, sarà a casa per le tre; DIALOGO → - Parent-teacher meeting- I brought a letter home about the meeting the other day, l'altro giorno ho portato a casa una lettera che parlava dell'incontro2 al proprio paese; in patria; a casa: Yankees go home!, americani, tornate a casa vostra!4 a fondo; a posto; nel posto giusto, voluto; (mecc.) in sede; (fig.) a segno: to hit (o to strike) home, colpire (o cogliere) nel segno; to drive a nail home, conficcare un chiodo fino in fondo6 (fig.) alla responsabilità (di q.): to bring a crime home to sb., addebitare un delitto alla responsabilità di q.● home address, indirizzo privato (o di casa) □ home alone (agg. attr.), ( di bambino, ecc.) che è lasciato solo in casa □ (ass.) home and contents insurance, assicurazione della casa e del contenuto □ (fam. GB) to be home and dry, avercela fatta: When we scored the second goal I thought we were home and dry, quando abbiamo segnato il secondo gol ho pensato che ce l'avevamo fatta (o che era fatta) □ ( USA) home away from home = home from home ► sotto □ home banking, telebanca; servizi bancari a domicilio; home banking □ home base, ( baseball) casa base, base di battuta; (fig.) base □ home-born (o home-bred), nativo; indigeno nostrano □ home brew, birra (o altra bevanda alcolica) fatta in casa □ ( di birra, ecc.) home-brewed, fatto in casa □ (med.) home call, visita a domicilio □ home cinema, home theater; home cinema (sistema audio e video per la riproduzione domestica di immagini televisive su grande schermo) □ (geogr.) the Home Counties, le contee intorno a Londra □ (fin.) home currency, moneta (o valuta) nazionale □ (comm.) home delivery, consegna a domicilio □ home development, zona di sviluppo urbano; zona residenziale □ home economics, economia domestica ( materia di studio) □ (econ.) home economy, economia nazionale □ home-felt, profondamente sentito □ (fam. USA) to be home free = to be home and dry ► sopra □ (GB) home from home, luogo in cui ci si sente a casa; seconda casa (fig.) □ ( USA) home fries, patatine fritte □ ( sport) home gate, incasso di una partita casalinga □ home-grown, nazionale, nostrano, interno □ (stor., in GB) the Home Guard, la Milizia Territoriale (durante la 2a guerra mondiale) □ home help, (persona che dà un) aiuto domestico, assistente a domicilio ( per anziani, malati, ecc.); ( anche) domestica, domestico, colf □ home help services, assistenza domestica; servizi domestici □ home improvement centre, centro di vendita di articoli fai-da-te □ (ass.) home insurance, assicurazione casa □ (leg.) home invader, persona che commette violazione di domicilio □ (leg.) home invasion, violazione di domicilio □ home-keeping, casalingo; ( anche) d'abitudini casalinghe □ (mus.) home key, tonalità □ home-made, fatto in casa: home-made ice cream, gelato fatto in casa □ home movie, film amatoriale □ (comput.) home network, rete domestica □ home news, notizie dall'interno; notizie di politica interna □ (org. az.) home office, sede principale ( degli affari); quartier generale □ (in GB) the Home Office, il Ministero dell'Interno □ ( Internet) home page, home page; pagina principale ( di un sito web) □ ( baseball) home plate, piatto della casa base; ( per estens.) casa base, base di battuta □ (naut.) home port, porto d'origine □ (econ.) home-produced goods, beni di produzione nazionale □ (econ.) home producers, i produttori nazionali □ (econ.) home products, prodotti nazionali □ (polit., stor.) Home Rule, autogoverno, autonomia (spec. dell' Irlanda) □ home run, ( baseball) giro completo del campo ( fatto da un battitore: vale un punto); ( anche) battuta che consente un «home run»; fuoricampo; (fig. USA) risultato raggiunto; gran colpo; colpo eccezionale □ (spec. USA) home-schooling, istruzione impartita dai genitori; ‘scuola fatta in casa’ □ Home Secretary, Ministro dell'Interno (in GB) □ home shopping, spesa fatta da casa ( per telefono, computer, ecc.) □ (ferr.) home signal, segnale di blocco □ home spa, vasca idromassaggio □ (spec. GB) home straight (o spec. USA home stretch), ( sport) dirittura d'arrivo; (ipp.) rettilineo delle tribune; (fig.) parte (o fase) finale, sprint (o rush) finale □ home teacher, insegnante a domicilio ( per allievi malati o disabili); ( anche) insegnante privato, precettore □ ( USA) home theater = home cinema ► sopra □ home thrust, stoccata a fondo, colpo messo a segno; (fig.) frecciata, allusione maligna □ home town ► hometown □ a home truth, una verità spiacevole su sé stesso ( che si apprende da altri) □ ( sport) home turn, curva prima dell'arrivo; ultima curva □ home unit, unità abitativa □ ( anche med.) home visit, visita a domicilio □ home wrecker ► homewrecker □ at home, a casa, in casa; in patria; ( sport) in casa: not to be at home to anybody, non essere in casa per nessuno; at home and abroad, in patria e all'estero □ an at-home, un ricevimento (dato in casa) □ (fig.) to bring home st. to sb., far capire qc. a q.; far sì che q. si renda conto di qc. □ to be [to feel, to make oneself] at home, essere [sentirsi, mettersi] a proprio agio; essere [sentirsi, fare] come a casa propria: DIALOGO → - Asking about a journey- Come in, make yourself at home, entra, fai come se fossi a casa tua □ (scherz. GB) when he's (o she's, it's, ecc.) at home, di grazia; se è lecito (chiedere): Who's Paul when he's at home?, di grazia, chi è Paul?; e chi sarebbe questo Paul?; What's that when it's at home?, che cosa vuol dire (questa parola), se è lecito chiedere?; di grazia, che cosa significa (questa parola)? □ (prov.) Home sweet home, casa, dolce casa □ There's no place like home, il posto più bello del mondo è casa propria.NOTA D'USO: - home o house?- (to) home /həʊm/A v. i.2 abitare; stare di casa3 (mil., aeron., miss., spesso to home in on) puntare, dirigersi: The missile homed in on the bomber, il missile ha puntato sul bombardiere4 (naut.) dirigere su un punto5 (elettr.) tornare nella posizione di partenzaB v. t. -
84 ♦ nose
♦ nose /nəʊz/n.1 (anat.) naso; ( di animale) muso: aquiline (o Roman) nose, naso aquilino; hooked nose, un naso a becco (o aquilino); He has a small nose, ha il naso piccolo; to blow one's nose, soffiarsi il naso; blocked nose, naso intasato; naso chiuso; He wiped his nose with a tissue, si è pulito il naso con un fazzoletto; to have a runny nose, avere il naso che cola; ( anche fig.) to hold one's nose, turarsi il naso; to pick one's nose, mettersi le dita nel naso5 (mecc.) becco, beccuccio; sporgenza; canna, cannuccia; tubo: the nose of a retort, la cannuccia di una storta; the nose of a pair of bellows, il tubo di un mantice, di un soffietto9 (geogr.) sperone di roccia● (zool.) nose-ape ( Nasalis Larvatus), nasica; scimmia dalla proboscide □ nose-breathing, respirazione col naso □ nose-bridge, ponte ( degli occhiali) □ ( slang, scherz.) nose burner, pipa corta □ ( slang) nose-candy, cocaina, coca ( da inalare) □ nose-clip, morsetto; stringinaso □ nose cone, (autom.) musetto ( di vettura da corsa); (aeron., miss.) ogiva: re-entry nose cone, ogiva per il rientro ( di un razzo) □ nose dive, (aeron.) picchiata; (fig.) calo brusco, caduta in verticale, crollo, tonfo ( di prezzi, ecc.) □ (farm.) nose drops, gocce per il naso; gocce nasali □ (mil., miss.) nose fuse, spoletta anteriore □ (aeron., naut.) nose-heavy, appruato □ ( slang) nose job, operazione di plastica del naso; plastica al naso: to have a nose job, farsi rifare il naso □ (mecc.) nose key, controchiavetta □ (aeron.) nose landing gear, carrello anteriore □ (zool.) nose-monkey = nose-ape ► sopra □ nose pad, nasello ( degli occhiali); placchetta □ ( slang) nose-rag, fazzoletto (da naso) □ nose-ring, anello portato al naso ( come ornamento); nasiera ( per buoi, tori, ecc.) □ nose to nose, faccia a faccia □ ( di automobili, ecc.) nose to tail, in fila serrata; con i paraurti a contatto o quasi □ ( slang) nose-warmer = nose burner ► sopra □ (aeron.) nose-wheel, ruota del carrello anteriore □ ( slang) nose-wiper = nose-rag ► sopra □ as plain as the nose on your face, chiaro come la luce del sole; lampante; evidente; ovvio □ (fig.) to bite (o to snap) sb. 's nose off, dare una rispostaccia a q.; rispondere per le rime (o in malo modo) a q. □ ( sport e fig.) by a nose, di misura; con uno strettissimo margine (di vantaggio) □ to count noses, contare i presenti □ (fig.) to cut off one's nose to spite one's face, castrarsi per far dispetto alla moglie □ (fig.) to follow one's nose, andare sempre dritto; seguire il proprio naso □ (fig.) to get a bloody nose, subire una grossa sconfitta (o una batosta) □ (fam. ingl.) to get up sb. 's nose, mandare q. su tutte le furie; fare incavolare q. (fam.) □ (fig.) to have one's nose in the air, avere la puzza sotto il naso; essere tronfio (o altezzoso, arrogante) □ to have one's nose in a book, essere immerso nella lettura di un libro □ (fig. fam.) to keep one's nose clean, tenersi fuori dei guai; rigare diritto □ (fig. fam.) to keep one's nose to the grindstone, lavorare sodo (o come un mulo); darci sotto (fam.) □ (fam.) to lead sb. by the nose, menare q. per il naso □ (fam.) to look down one's nose at sb., guardare q. dall'alto in basso □ (fam.) on the nose, al naso; all'odorato; (fam.) all'ora esatta, puntualmente, in punto □ (fam.) to pay through the nose, pagare un occhio della testa □ (fam.) to poke (o to stick) one's nose into st., ficcare il naso in qc. □ (fam.) to put sb. 's nose out of joint, indispettire, offendere, far rimanere male q. □ (fig. fam.) to rub sb. 's nose in it, rinfacciare (o far pesare) qc. a q.; sbattere qc. in faccia a q. □ to see no further than ( the end of) one's nose, non vedere più in là del proprio naso □ to speak through one's nose, parlare nel naso □ (fam.) to turn up one's nose at sb. [st.], arricciare il naso davanti a q. [qc.] □ under sb.'s ( very) nose, (proprio) sotto il naso di q. □ (ipp. e fig.) to win by a nose, vincere di stretta misura.(to) nose /nəʊz/v. t. e i.1 ( anche to nose out) annusare; fiutare; odorare; annasare (lett. o dial.): The cat nosed out a mouse, il gatto ha fiutato un topo; I always nose treachery, subodoro sempre l'inganno; He's very good at nosing a bargain, è bravissimo a fiutare un affare3 farsi largo, farsi strada ( col muso); avanzare superando: The ship nosed the first big swell, la nave avanzò superando la prima grossa ondata● ( di cane o gatto) to nose the door open, aprire la porta col naso □ to nose one's way, farsi strada, procedere: Our craft nosed its way slowly through the fog, la nostra imbarcazione procedeva lentamente nella nebbia. -
85 puntu
iz.a. ( diseinuari d.) dot, spotb. ( lumetan, e.a.) spotc. ( fitxari d.) spot, pipd. ( dimentsiorik gabeko espazio-gune) point, spot; bi \punturen arteko distantzia the distance between two points; oinarrizko \puntu key point2. (Inp.)a. full stop (GB), period (USA) ; bi \puntu colon; hiru \puntuak, \puntu etenak ellipsis | suspension dots | dot, dot, dot (USA) ; \puntu eta bereiz period | new paragraph (USA) |full stop, new paragraph (GB) ; \puntu eta jarrai period (USA), full stop (GB)b. ( letrari d.) dot; "j"-ri \puntua jarri to dot a "j"3. Kir. point; \puntuka irabazi to win on points; lau \puntuz galdu zuten they lost by four points4. ( bertsolaritzari d.) verse (containing rhyme), rhyming line; bederatzi \puntuko bertsoa a verse with nine rhyming lines5.a. ( eskalari d.) point; abia \puntu starting point; erdiko \puntu central point; jotze-\puntu point of reference; ukitze-\puntu point of contact; \punturik gorena the culminating pointb. Fis. point; desagertze-\puntu vanishing point; irakite-\puntu boiling point; izozte-\puntu freezing point; urtze-\puntu melting pointc. Anat. point; \puntu itsu blind spot; \puntu neuralgiko nerve centred. Mat. point; bi puntu elkar ukitzen duten \puntuan at a point where two points meete. (irud.) (esa.) \puntu ahula weak point, weak spot; ez itzultzeko \puntua point of no return6.a. ( mintzaldi, eztabaidari d.) point; ez dira bat etorriko \puntu guztietan hark esan duenarekin they won't agree with what he's said across the board; hau da ukitu nahi nukeen \puntua this is the point I'd like to touch on; batasunik izango badugu, nork gure aldetik amore eman beharko dugu, \puntu batzuetan eta besteetan besteek if we are to have any unification, we, for our part, will have to give in on some points while others will have to on other points; ikus-\puntu point of view; \puntu horretan ados nago zurekin I agree with you on that pointb. ( gaia) point, item, matter; \puntuz \puntu erantzun to answer point by point; proposamena atzertuko dugu \puntuz \puntu we'll study the proposal point by point; gogoan hartzeko \puntu a point to bear in mind; gaurko bileran eztabaidatuko ditugun \puntuak the points we'll discuss in today's meeting7. ( une) moment; \puntuan joan da he just went out a moment ago; \puntu oro at any moment8. (Jost.)a. stitch; atzeko \puntua purl; \puntu atera zait I've dropped a stitch; \puntu egin to knit; \puntuzko jertsei bat a knit sweaterb. Med. stitch; zaurri horrek 4 \puntu behar ditu that wound needs 4 stitchesc. ( galtzerdiari d.) run, ladder9.a. Inform. pixelb. (Inp.) point; 12 \puntuko letra-tipo 12 point font -
86 Fjalor i shkurtër terminoiogjik i informatikës
AAbort - ndërprerje e operacionit, procesit ose procedures gjatë kryerjes së tij.Accept - pranon.Access time - koha e arritjes së të dhënave.Accessories - veglat ndihmëse në Windows.Adapter - kartelë për zgjerim e cila instalohet në kompjuter.Adress register - numër hemksadecimal i cili e tregon adresën e lokacionit të caktuar të memorjes.Algorithm - zgjidhja e një problemi hap pas hapi.allocate - ndarje të resurseve të kompjuterit, si për shembull në disk, shtypës ose memorje të çdo skedari, shfrytëzuesi ose procesi.alpha numeric characters - shenja alfanu-merike. Të gjitha shenjat që i shfrytëzon kompjuteri, përfshirë këtu edhe shkronjat, shifrat, shenjat për interpunksion dhe shenjat speciale, siç janë: \$, \@ i \#ANSI (American National Standar Institute) - Instituti Nacional Amerikan për Standarde.ASCII ( American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - Kodi amerikan për këmbim të informacioneve. Renditje standarde e shtatë shifrave binare (shifra e shtatë mund të jepet për kontroll të çiftësisë) e cila aplikohet për paraqitjen e shenjave në kompjuter.Animation - animacion - Iluzion i lëvizjes me paraqitje të shpejtë të fotografive të njëpasnjëshme, e cila arrihet me përdorim të harduerit dhe softuerit përkatës. Programet më të njohura për animacion janë: 3 D Studio, Autodesk Chaos, Imagine etj.Application - program i cili është i dedikuar për shfrytëzuesit e rëndomtë, i cili është i projektuar për kryerje të ndonjë pune të caktuar. Për shembull aplikacioni për kontabilitet financiar.Application development tools - vegla për krijim të programeve aplikative.ALU ( Arithmetic-Logic Unit) - njësi aritmetiko-logjike. Është pjesë e njësisë qendrore (çip i mikroprocesorit) e cila kryen operacione kryesore aritmetike dhe logjike me të dhënat.Artificial Intelligence - intelegjencë artificiale. Emër i sistemeve të kompjuterit që duhet të shfaqin inteligjencë njerëzore, si kuptim për fjalën e thënë, si reagim ndaj ambientit të tyre fizik dhe adaptimit ndaj kushteve të tilla.Ascending order - rendi i radhitjes së elementeve sipas rendit të rritjes, prej vlerave më të vogla kah më të mëdhatë (a, b, c...)Assembler - përkthyes programor. Program i projektuar që t'i transformojë instruksionet simbolike në formë më të qëlluar për t'i kryer në kompjuter.Assign - dhënie vlerë diçkaje që është shfrytëzuar në programim.Asterisk - shenja * (yll). Përdoret si shenjë xhoker që mundëson specifikim të disa skedarëve përnjëherë.Auto CAD - program aplikativ për projektim kompjuterik dhe disenjim.BBackbone - niveli më i lartë në një rrjet kierarkik kompjuterik.Backslash - shenja \\ ( ASCII kodi 92). Përdoret në specifikimin e rrugës së diskut ku gjendet skedari i kërkuar.Backspace - zhvendosje e kursorit për një vend prapa.Backup - kopje rezerve. Bëhet kopje e përmbajtjes së diskut të kompjuterit dhe atë në mënyrë periodike, ndërsa vendoset në shirit magnetik ose në CD.Bad sector - sektori jo në rregull. Pjesë e disketës ose diskut ku nuk nuk mund dhe ku nuk është e sigurt të shkruhen informacioneBad trac table - tabelë e shtigjeve që nuk janë në rregull. Listë e pjesëve të çrregulluara fabrikisht dhe të pasigurta për shkruarje, e cila është e ngjitur në pjesën e prapme të diksut.Bandwidth - njësi matëse për sasinë e të dhënave të cilat mund të transmetohen përmes ndonjë rrjeti të komunikimit në një sekondë.Bar chart - diagram në formë të shiritave.Bar code - paraqitje e shenjave alfanu-merike me ndihmën e vijave vertikale me gjatësi të ndryshme. Përdoret si mënyrë për shifrim universal të prodhimeve.Bar code reader - lexues bar cod. Pajisje optike për lexim të shenjave bar cod.BIOS (Basic Input Output System) - grup i programeve më të vogla detyra e të cilave është të shfaqë test rutinor kur kyçet kompjuteri, si dhe ta startojë sistemin operativ të kompjuterit.BASIC - gjuhë programore e cila është e lehtë për mësim.Batch - pako. Bashkësi e elementeve ose dokumeneteve të cilat përpunohen si tërësi.Batch processing - përpunim paketor. Teknikë që përdor vetëm një inkuadrim të programit në memorjen kryesore për shkak të përpunimit të më tepër detyrave të veçanta njëra pas tjetrës.Baud - bod. Kapacitet maksimal për transmetim të informacioneve në një kanal të komunikimit, i cili është njësi matëse e numrit të ndryshimeve të niveleve në sekondë.Benchmark - krahasim. Program standard i cili shërben për përcaktimin e performansave të kompjuterëve të ndryshëm.Beta version - version prove i softuerit para daljes së tij zyrtare në treg.BIT ( Binary digiT) - shifra binare janë 0 dhe 1. Kompjuterët digjital procesojnë informacione në formë digjitale, ndërsa zbatojnë vetëm shifra të sistemit binar. Ato zakonisht paraqiten me tension prej 5 V për numrin 1, gjegjësisht 0 V për numrin O.Binary file - skedar binar i cili përbëhet prej disa bitave, por i cili nuk është skedar tekstual. Zakonisht ato janë programe me fotografi.Binary system - sistem binar. Sistem numërimi për shkruarje të numrave në kompjuter. Aty ka vetëm dy shifra 0 dhe 1.Bps (Bits per second) - bit në sekondë. Masë për shpejtësinë e transmetimit të rrjetave kompjuterikeBlank - i zbrazët, i pashkruar. Shenjë që i përdoret për paraqitjen e vendit të zbrazët ndërmjet shenjave të shtypura.Bold - shkronja me kontura më të trasha dhe më të errëtaBookmark - reference e cila na drejton kah ndonjë dokument i caktuar hipertekstual i Internetit.Boot - startimi i kompjuterit, gjatë së cilës fillon puna e sistemit operativ.Boot block - pjesë e diskut ku gjendet softueri i cili i mundëson kompjuterit ta fillojë punën.Boot disk - disk ose disketë prej së cilës startohet sistemi operativ.Break - ndërpren. Sinjal special i cili e ndërpet punën e ndonjë programi. Shpesh fitohet me shtypje të tasteve Ctrl dhe C përnjëherë.Browser - fletëkërkues. Program i cili është i dedikuar për shikimin e dokumenteve hipertekstuale të Internetit. Me ndihmën e tij shrytëzohet servisi më i dobishëm i Internetit WWW (W orld W ide W eb). Fletëkërkuesit më të njohur janë Microsoft Internet Explorer dhe Netscape Navigator.Buffer - bafer. Vend në kujtesën kryesore të kompjuterit për ruajtje të përkohshme të të dhënave.Bug - gabim, defekt. Gabim i paqëllimtë në program, për shkak të të cilit programi nuk punon si duhet. Në përkthimin më tekstual nënkupton bubë dhe mendohet se rrjedh prej ngjarjes kur mola është kapur për ndonjë relej të kompjuterëve të parë dhe e ka pamundësuar punën e tij.Bullet - shenjë për renditje e cila përdoret në programet për përpunim të tekstit.BBS (Bulletin Board System) - tabelë elektronike për shpallje. Shërbim telekomunikues përmes të të cilit konsumatorët komunikojnë, këmbejnë informata etj.Bus - mbledhëse. E lidh pllakën amë të kompjuterit me procesorin, kujtesën, diskun dhe elementet tjera kompjuterike.Byte - bajt. Tetë bita. Shpesh është numër binar tetëshifror i cili paraqet një shkronjë.CCache - kesh. Pjesë e kujtesën e rezervuar për ruajtje të të dhënave që përdoren shpesh, te të cilat procesori ka qasje shumë më të shpejtë sesa në hard disk. Kujtesën kesh mund të gjendet në memorjen RAM ose në hard disk.Cancel button - tast për shfuqizimin e funksionit të zgjedhur. Te numri më i madh i programeve tasti për shfuqizim aktivizohet me shtypjen e tastit Esc.Case sensitive - dallimi i shkronjave të mëdha dhe të vogla. Me shpesh gjatë krahasimit të dy fjalëve apo teksteve.CRT (cathode ray tube) - gypi katodik i ekranit.CPU (C entral P rocessing U nit) - njësi qendrore e procesuimit. Zemër e kompjuterit personal. Udhëheq dhe drejton me të gjitha operacionet për përpunim të të dhënave.Centronics port - portë e kompjuterit në të cilën shpesh lidhet shtypësi.Chanel - kanal. Rrugë në të cilën transmetohet informacioni digjital në kompjuter.Character - shenjë; karakter. Cilado shkronjë, shenjë e interpunksionit, ose ndonjë nga njëqind shenjat tjera që mund të vërehen në ekran, gjegjësisht të cilat mund të shtypen.CPI (character per inch) - numër i shenjave në një inç. Njësi matëse për matjen e dendësisë së shkrimit. Shprehet me numër të shenjave në një inç.Check box - kuti katrore për dialog e cila mund të jetë e kyçur ose e çkyçur, gjegjësisht të jetë e zgjedhur ose jo, ndonjë opcion në kornizën për dialog.Checksum - shumë për kontroll. Shuma e numrave që përdoren për kontrollim të mbledhjes.Click - klik. Shtypje dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut, pa mos e lëvizur.Client - klient. Sistem i cili mund të punojë i pavarur, edhe pse në një masë edhe ky është i varur prej ndonjë sisitemi tjetër. Për kompjuterin që është i lidhur në rrjet kompjuterik shpesh thuhet se është klient.Client-server network - rrjet i tipit klient-server.Clip art - bashkësi e vizatimeve grafike dhe fotografive të shkruara në skedar të veçantë i cili është i arritshëm për përdorim të ndonjë aplikacioni, për shembull, për përpunim të tekstit ose të grafikës.Clipboard - kohësisht, skladim i fshehur për tekst ose fotografi të cilat priten ose kopjohen.Clock speed - shpejtësi e ores. Shpejtësia e punës së procesorit në kompjuter matet me megahercë (MHz) ose me gigahercë (GHz).Sa më e shpejtë është shpejtësia e procesorit, aq më tepër urdhëra mund të kryejë kompjuteri.Clone - klon. Kompjuter i cili paraqet kopje të suksesshme të kompjuterit tjetër të (standardizuar). Më shpesh kjo u dedikohet atyre kompjuterëve të cilët janë kompatibil me kompjuterët e kompanisë IBM.Cod - kod. Diçka që është shkruar me gjuhën kompjuterike, në letër ose në kompjuter.Code page - faqe e koduar. Tabelë e cila tregon se cili karakter i përgjigjet shenjës në ekran dhe me shtypjen e tasterit a përfitohet e njëjta shenjë.CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) -videokartelë e cila është më e vjetëruar.COM port - portë seriale. Më shpesh në kompjuterët ekzistojnë dy porta seriale të shënuara si C0M1 dhe COM2.Command interperter - program i cili i integron dhe i përpunon urdhërat e dhënë në kompjuter. Në sistemin operativ DOS është programi C0MAND.COM, ndërsa në WINDOWS është WIN.INICOBOL (Common Business Orientated Language) - gjuhë progamore nga gjeneratat më të vjetra të cilat përdoren për aplikacione financiare.Communication protocol - përmbledhje e programeve e cila mundëson transmetim dhe këmbim të të dhënave ndërmjet dy ose më tepër kompjuterëve.CD (Compact Disc) - kompakt disk. Medium për memorim të të dhënave digjitale dhe audio. Në kompakt disk mund të vendoset muzikë prej 72 minutave ose të dhëna prej 650 MB.CD ROM (Comapct Disc Read Only Memory) - njësi harduerike për leximin e kompakt disqeve. Me këtë njësi mund vetëm të lexojmë e jo edhe të shlyejmë ose të regjistrojmë të dhëna të reja.COMPAQ (COMPAtibility Quality) - shenjë e prodhimeve cilësore të kompjuterëve desktop dhe laptop.Compiler - kompajler; përkthyes. Program i cili i përkthen disa gjuhë të larta programesh në ndonjë gjuhë makinerike.CompuServe - njëra ndër rrjetat më të mëdha të Internetit në botë. Klientëve të tyre ju ofron këmbim të skedarëve, të të dhënave, të postës elektronike etj.CAD (Computer Aided Design) - shfrytëzim i kompjuterit për krijime të vizatimeve ose për projektime të ndonjë objekti ose sistemi. Programet më të njohura nga kjo sferë janë Auto Cad, Auto Sketch, Design CAD, Lab View etj.CAM (Computer Aided Manifacture) - prodhim me ndihmën e kompjuterit.CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) - vegël softuerike për programerët. Shfrytëzohen për planifikim, analizim si dhe projektim të dokumentacionit në softuerin kompjuterik.Computer analyst - analitik kompjuteristik. Person i cili i definon problemet dhe saktësisht i pëcakton hapat për zgjidhjen e tyre me anë të kompjuterit.Configuration - konfiguracion. Mënyrë e lidhshmërisë së kompjuterit me njësitë tjera periferike në një sistem të përbashkët.Controller - vegël teknike e cila i mundëson veglës tjetër të komunikojë me kompjuterin.Conversion - konverzion. Proces i transformimit të të dhënave (tekst, grafik) nga një format në tjetër.Cooki file - skedar në të cilin ruhen skedarët e shfrytëzuar (cookies). Zakonisht gjendet në emërtuesin bashk me fletëkërkuesin (shembull në emërtuesin Internet Explorer).Corel DRAW- Pako programore e dedikuar për vizatim dhe punim me fotografi.Corrupted file - skedar i dëmtuar. Dëmtimi mund të jetë për shkak të ektorëve të diskut që nuk janë në rregull, prishjes fizike ose gabimeve të shkaktuara nga programi.Crash - gjendje kur kompjuteri bie prej funksionimit të tij dhe më tutje nuk mund të përdoret. Pas kësaj kompjuteri zakonisht përseri startohet.Current drive - disk me të cilin shfrytëzuesi punon momentalisht.Cursor - kursori. Tregues i pozicionimit. Vijë vertikale e lëvizshme që dridhet dhe vezullon e që paraqitet në ekran si indikator vizuel e cila mund të dislokohet edhe vertikalisht edhe horizontalisht me anë të urdhërave prej tastierës.Cyberphobia - kiberfobia. Frikë nga kompjuteri.CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) - metodë e testimit për të dhënat dalëse nga disku për shkak të sigurisë prej gabimeve.DData - të dhënat. Nocion i përgjithshëm për numrat, simbolet dhe madhësitë analoge të cilat shfrytëzohen si madhësi dalëse për përpunimin e kompjuterit.Database - baza e të dhënave. Bashkësi e të dhënave të lidhura ndërmjet vete dhe të organizuara paraprakisht. Programet më të njohura për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave janë: Oracle, MS SQL Server, Informix, Sybase etj.Data security - mbrojtje e të dhënave nga ndërhyrjet e qëllimta ose të rastësishme nga njerëz jo të autorizuar.Data type - tip i të dhënave. Mund të jenë: tekstuale, numerike, logjike, dhe të dhëna të datave.Dead lock - ndërprerje; bllokim. Situatë kur ndonjë program nuk mund të realizohet në kompjuter, për shkak se e pret rastin që faktikisht kurrë nuk do të ndodh.Debug - testim i programit të kompjuterit me korrigjim të gabimeve të paraqitura në te.Default value - ndonjë vlerë që nënkuptohet. Vlerë që programi automatikisht e zgjedh po qe se shfrytëzuesi nuk jep ndonjë vlerë tjetër. Për shembull ngjyrat që i jep WIND0WS-i janë default vetëm po qe se shfrytëzuesi nuk i përdor.Defragmentation - defragmentim. Proces i bashkangjitjes i të dhënave të një programi në disk, që të mund të shpejtohet puna e tij. Është e preferueshme që defragmenting të bëhet një herë në javë, për të shpejtuar punën e diskut.Density - dendësi. Njësi matëse për numrin e të dhënave të cilat mund të shkruhen në ndonjë medium (disketë, shirit magnetik etj).Decsending sort - renditje me radhitje të kundërt.Desktop - sipërfaqja aktive e ekranit gjatë punës me Windows, e cila përmban dritare dhe ikona.Desktop computer - kompjuter i cili pozicionohet horizontalisht në tavolinën punës.DTP (Desktop Publishing) - Pako e softuerit me të cilën kompjuteri mund të përdoret për disenj të dokumenteve, duke përfshirë fotografi, tekst dhe kontroll të pamjes së dokumenteve dhe shtypjen e tyre.Destination file - skedar që pranon.Device - vegël, mjet, përbërje, njësi. Nocion i përgjithshëm i cili shfrytëzohet për të identifikuar ndonjë komponentë të kompjuterit (disk, tastaturë, minak, etj).Device driver - softuer i cili i mundëson kompjuterit të komunikojë me njësitë periferike.DAT (Digital Audio Tape) - shirit magnetik në të cilin memorizohen të dhënat me sasi shumë të mëdha.DVD (Digital Video Disk) - teknologji e harduerit e cila mundëson shiqimin e filmave, spoteve muzikore etj.DMA (Direct Memory Access) - proces i transmetimit të një sasie të madhe të të dhënave ndërmjet diskut dhe kujtesës punuese të kompjuterit.DirectX - varg i programeve standarde për aplikacione të Microsfti-t, i dedikuar për lojra dhe aplikacione multimediale.Disk controller - kartelë e cila e lidh kompjuterin me diskun; zakonisht gjendet në pjesën e poshtme të diskut.Disk drive - njësi fizike e cila e pranon dhe e kthen diskun magnetik dhe mundëson lexim dhe shkrim të të dhënave.DOS (Disk Operating System) - njëri ndër sistemet më të njohura operative i cili është shumë përfshirës dhe shfrytëzohet nga kompjuterët personal. I prodhuar nga kompania Microsft në vitin 1982.Domain - grup i kompjuterëve emrat e të cilëve e ndajnë të njëjtën prapashtesë. Shembull: com (firmë komerciale), org (organizatë pa përfitim), gov (qeveri), edu (institucion arsimor), net (provajder i Internetit). Njësoj ekzistojnë edhe prapashtesa të cilat i identifikojnë shtetet p.sh. mk prapashtesë për Maqedoninë.Dpi (dots per inch) - pika në inç. Njësi për matjen e rezolutës së shtypjes në shtypës. Rezoluta te shtypësit amë sillet rreth 300 dpi, ndërsa te shtypësit lezër arrin deri në 1200 dpi.Double click - klikim; shtypje e dyfishtë. Klikim i shpejtë dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut dy here pa lëvizjen e minakut ndërmjet dy klikimeve.Double precision - precizitet i dyfishtë. Teknikë me të cilën paraqiten numrat me gjatësi të dyfishuar.Download - kopjim i ndonjë programi ose skedari prej ndonjë kompjuteri kryesor në kompjuterin personal.Draft quality - kualitet i shtypit, i cili është i lexueshëm, por nuk duket aq mirë për përdorim që ai dokument të botohet në ndonjë revistë ose libër. Zakonisht shfrytëzohet për nxjerrjen e kopjeve që të shkojë në korrekturë.Drag-and-drop - tërheqje dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut.Drop-down meni - Lista e urdhërave të menysë së aktivizuar, të radhitura njëra pas tjetrës.DLL (Dynamic Link Library) - grup e funksioneve të cilat shfrytëzohen gjatë programimit në Windows.EEPROM (E lectrically P rogrammable R ead O nly M emory) - çip memorizues përmbajtja e të cilit nuk mund të ndryshohet.E-mail (electronic mail) - postë elektronike. Njëri nga shërbimet më të njohura të Internetit me të cilin porositë dërgohen prej një kompjuteri në kompjuter tjetër.Embedded object - objekt i ndërvënë.EMM386.EXE - program i cili mundëson vendosjen e drajverave dhe programeve në hapësirën e lartë të memories.Emulator - emulator. Program cili i mundëson kompjuterit të zbatojë programe të shkruara për kompjuter tjetër.Encryption - shifrim. Kodim i porosisë me çka nuk mundësohet hyrje e palejuar deri te ajo.EOF (end of file) - fund i skedarit. Shenjë për fundin e skedarit, e cila shfrytëzohet si indikator se këtu kryhen të dhënat.Ethernet - rrjet lokal kompjuterik i konstruktuar prej llojit të kabllove me mundësi të bartjes deri më 10 Mbit/sec.Event - rast; paraqitje. Moment kur paraqitet ndryshimi specifik i ndonjë gjendjeje.Exchange - këmbim i informatave ndërmjet dy lokacioneve.Exchengeable disk - disk transmetues. Tip i diskut i cili montohet në shtëpizë të posaçme dhe është i transmetueshëm.Executable file - program zbatues. Skedar i cili mund të aplikohet në kompjuter.Expression - shprehje matematikore ose logjike e shkruar në gjuhën programoreEBCDIC (Extended Binary Decimal Interchange Code) - kod i cili i përdorë tetë shifra binare të krijuara nga IBM, ndërsa i paraqet shenjat (shkronjat, numrat etj.) nga kompjuteri i cili i proceson.External modem - modem i jashtëm. Modem në kuti të veçantë, kabllo dhe mbushës i cili më së shpeshti aktivizohet në portën seriale të kompjuterit.Extranet - intranet i cili u është lënë në disponim klientëve dhe blerësve të jashtëm me qëllim që t'i shohin të dhënat. Më shpesh ata janë të siguruara me shifra që të ruhet siguria e blerësve.FFan ventilator - ventilator i cili mundëson cirkulimin e ajrit nëpërmjet pjesëve kompjuterike dhe e pamundëson nxehjen e tyre.Fatal error - gabim në programin kompjuterik i cili e ndalon funksionimin e tij.Fault tolerance - tolerim i gabimeve. Aftësi e ndonjë sisitemi që ta vazhdojë funksionimin normal edhe pse ekziston problem në harduer ose softuer.Fax modem - faks modem. Modem i aftësuar të pranojë dhe të dërgojë fakse. Në këtë rast fakset janë elektronike.Fiber optics - fije optike. Mundëson shpejtësi të madhe të bartjes së të dhënave në rrjetat kompjuterike.File - skedar; fajll; datotekë. Pa marrë parasysh çfarë informate, të grumbulluar dhe të inçizuar nën një emër. Skedari mund të përmban tekst, grafikon, program etj.FAT (File Allocation Table) - tabelë e cila shërben për renditjen e skedarëve e cila gjendet në fillim të diskut dhe përmban informata për ata pjesë të diskut të cilat shfrytëzohen, pjesë të diskut të cilat nuk shfrytëzohen dhe ato të cilat nuk mund të shfrytëzohen për shkak të dëmtimit të blloqeve në disk.File control system - program i cili udhëheq me bartjen e të dhënave nga ciladoqoftë pajisje deri në ndonjë pajisje tjetër.File locking - përmbyllje e skedarit. Ndalesë që më tepër se një shfrytëzues ta ndërrojë përmbajtjen e skedarit.File protection - mbrojtje e skedarit. Komandë e kompjuterit e cila e ndalon shkruarjen dhe fshirjen e të dhënave në skedar, por e lejon leximin e tyre.Firewall - sistem rrjetor për sigurim i cili ndihmon në ndërprerjen e hyrjes së paautorizuar në sistemin kompjuterik; thjesht ky është kompjuter i lidhur në Internet dhe me të cilin zhvillohet i gjith komunikimi në Internet.Floppy disk - disk i butë, disketëFooter - tekst i cili paraqitet në pjesën e poshtme në secilën faqe.FF (Form Feed) - urdhër i cili shfrytëzohet i që ta lëviz letrën në printer në faqe të re. Zakonisht në tabelën kontrolluese të printerit gjendet një tast i cili mundëson kryerjen e funksionit përkatës.FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) - gjuhë programore e krijuar në kompaninë IBM e cila shfrytëzohej për programimin e aplikacioneve tekniko shkencore.Freeware - programe pa pagesë, por të mbrojtura me ligj për autorizimFAQ (Frequently Asked Question) - pyetje ose lista me pyetje dhe përgjigje të cilat janë shumë të shpeshta dhe shumë shfrytëzues ballafaqohen me këto të dhëna. Këto lista janë shumë frytdhënëse për shkak të këmbimit të informatave.GGIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out) - princip në të cilën po qe se hyjnë të dhëna jokor-rekte dhe jovalide në kompjuter, ai do të japë rezultate jokorrekte dhe të pakuptimta.GUI (graphical user interface) - interfejs grafik i shfrytëzuar për sisteme operative. Komunikimi ndërmjet shfrytëzuesit dhe programit zhviliohet me anë të shfrytëzimit të ikonave, dritareve dhe të ngjashme. Një shembull për një iterfejs të tillë që e shfrytëzojmë është Windows-i.Guru - Njeri me kapacitet të lartë i cili dëshiron t'u ndihmojë të tjerëve në zgjedhjen e problemeve të tyre.HHacker - haker. Person për të cilin kompjuteri është hobi. Sot shumë njerëz termin haker e identifikojnë me person i cili në mënyrë të paligjshme hy në kompjuter të huaj.Halt - ndalesë. Ndalje e realizimit të operacioneve të renditura në programet kompjuterike.Hand-held computer - kompjuter i vogël që mund të mbahet edhe në dorë.Hang - rri varur. Mosfunksionim i kompjuterit. Kur kompjuteri rinë varur, i ekrani duket normal, por çfarëdo pune tjetër është e pamundur të futet në funksion.Hard copy - rezultatet e shtypura në letër.Hardware - hardueri, gjërat fizike apo të prekshme të kompjuterit.Help - ndihmë. Funksion i cili është i pranishëm në shumë programe, i cili shërben si ndihmë e shfrytëzuesit për përdorimin e programit.Hertz (Hz) - herc. Cikël në sekondë me të cilin matet shpejtësia e procesorit në kompjuter.HEX (Hexadecimal) - Sisitem numëror në matematik, në të cilin si bazë e numërimit është numri 16. Për shfaqjen e numrave përdoren shifrat 0-9 dhe shkronjat A-F. Është shumë i qëlluar për përdorimin e kalkulimeve kompjuterike.Hidden file - skedar i fshehur. Skedar i cili përmban atribute të cilat nuk lejojnë që emri i skedarit të kopjohet, të fshihet ose të shfletohet.High tech - teknologji e lartëHost computer - kompjuter kryesor me të cilin lidhen kompjuterët tjerë.Hot key - tast ose kombinim i tasteve i cili zbaton instruksion të përcaktuar pa marrë parasysh se çka punon procesori në momentin e dhënë.HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) - format hipertekstual për punë me dokumente. Shërben për krijimin e dokumenteve WEB në internet.Hub - hab. Paisje në të cilën kyçen kompjuterët të cilët janë të lidhur në rrjet.Hyphenation - ndarje e fjalëveIIllegal - jolegal. Parametra hyrëse të cilët janë të papranuara, për shkak se nuk i përmbushin specifikacionet e vendosura në programe.Image processing - përpunim i grafikonëveImaging - proces i shkrimit të grafikës në ndonjë medium, për shembull në shirit.Implementation - implementim. Instalim i sitemit kompjuterik.Infrared - teknologji e cila shfrytëzon ndriçimin për lidhjen të kompjuterëve pa kabëll.Initialization - inicializim. Operacion për formatim të diskut ose disketës, si dhe përgatitje për shkruarjen dhe përdorimin e të dhënave.Ink-jet printer - shtypës pështyes që hedh ngjyrën në letër.Input data - të dhënat hyrëse.Insert mod - rregull për futjen e të dhënave.Install - instalim, futja fillestare e ndonjë programi në kompjuter.Instruction - instruksion. Urdhër i destinuar për mikroprocesorin.Integer - numër i plotë pa presje decimaleLLine printer - shtypës i cili shtyp përnjëherë një rresht tekst.Link- lidhje; lidhshmëri.Load - mbushje, futje e programit në memorje.LAN (Local Area Network) - rrjet lokal në kuadër të një hapësire ose ndërtese. Lidhje e dy ose më tepër kompjuterëve me kabllo me qëllim të këmbimit të informatave.Local printer - shtypës i cili është i lidhur drejtpërdrejt me një stacion punues, i cili nuk është në disponim të shfrytëzuesve tjerë të rrjetit.Login - Paraqitje në kompjuter. Në këtë rast kompjuteri kërkon nga shfrytëzuesi që të identifikohet me emrin dhe shifrën.Logoff- çlajmërim. Largim nga puna me kompjuter.Loop - cikël. Renditje të instruksioneve kompjuterike të cilat praktikohen me anë të përsëritjeve, gjersa nuk përmbushet ndonjë kusht.MMachine code - kod makine. Përmbledhje e instruksioneve kompjuterike në ndonjë kompjuter të posaçëm i cili niund ta kryejë urdhërin.Macro - makro. Serial i urdhërave të cilat kryhen me shtypjen e një tasti ose me ndonjë urdhër. Në të shumtën e rasteve i shkruan vetë shfrytëzuesi për ta lehtësuar punën gjatë përsëritjeve të një morie urdhërash.Mailbox - sandëku postar.Main program - pjesë kryesore e programit e cila i kontrollon nënprogramet.Mass storage - pajisje në të cilën mund të vendoset një numër i madh i të dhënave.Medium - medium. Bartës i të dhënave, shpesh mendohet në disketë, CD-ROM dhe të ngjashme.MMU (Memory Management Unit) - pajisje e cila udhëheq kujtesën.Merge - bashkim, kombinim i dy ose më tepër skedarëve.Message - porosi nga kompjuteri e cila informon për diçka.MIDI file - skedarë me përshkrime muzikore.MIPS (Million Instruction Per Second) -milion instuksione në sekondë. Njësi matëse për shpejtësinë me të cilën procesori i kryen instruksionet. Për shembull, procesori Pentium i cili punon në 100 MHz kryen 100 milionë instruksione në sekondë, pra 100 MIPS-a.Millisecond (ms) - milisekondë. Kohë e barabartë me pjesën e njëmijtë të sekondës. Shfrytëzohet për shprehjen e shpejtësisë te hard disqet.Mode - regjim i punës; mënyrë e punës. Njëra nga gjendjet alternative të punës së kompjuterit.MODEM (MOdulator/DEModulator) - modem. Regullator i cili të dhënat e dërguara i shndërron në sinjal telefonik, të qëlluara për lidhje të drejtpërdrejtë telefonike.Motherboard - pllaka amë e kompjuterit në të cilën janë të lidhura të gjitha elementet e harduerit.Multimedia - kombinim i tekstit me fotografi dhe zë, videoanimacion.MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) - standard për bashkangjitjen e skedarëve në porositë elektronike.Multitasking - aftësi e sistemit operativ që njëkohësisht të ushtrojë më shumë programe.NNetwork - rrjet i kompjuterit.NetWare - sistem operativ rrjetor i shpikur nga kompania Novell.Network adapter - adapter i rrjetit. Kartelë e cila instalohet në kompjuter përmes të cilës ai lidhet në rrjet.Network administrator - njeriu i cili e mbikëqyrë punën e rrjetit kompjuterik dhe që udhëheqë me të.Network protocol - protokoll rrjetor. Bashkësi e standardeve kompjuterike në një rrjet.Node - nyje, pika ngjitëse në rrjein kompjuterikNon-interlaced - sa i përket disa monitorëve te të cilët topi elektronik pas një kohe e kalon ekranin pa mos lëshuar asnjë vijë.Notebook computer - kompjuter i vogël me format sa një faqe e letrës.Numeric keypad - tastierë numerike.OOLE (Object Linking and Embedding) -mënyrë e këmbimit të informatave ndërmjet dy skedarëve me aplikim të njëjtë ose të ndryshëm në Windows.Off-line - i çkyçurOn-line - i kyçurODBC (Open Data Base Connectivity) - standard i cili mundëson hyrje në sisteme të ndryshme të bazave të të dhënave.Operating System - sistem operativ. Softuer i cili është lidhje ndërmjet shfrytëzuesit dhe kompjuterit.Optical cable - kabëll optik për lidhje rrjetore të kompjuterëve me të cilin arihet shpejtësi e madhe në përcjelljen e të dhënave.OCR (Optical Character Recognition) - njohje e simboleve optike. Program i cili identifikon shenjat e shkruara dhe ato të shtypura dhe pastaj krijon skedar tekstual.OEM (Original Equipment Manifacturer) - prodhues i komponenteve të ndryshëm, të cilët pastaj lidhen me klientin, e emri i tij figuron në kompjuter.Overflow - tejkalim. Gjendje e cila paraqitet si rezultat i operacionit aritmetik; e tejkalon kapacitetin e kujtesës për ruajtjen e rezultatit.Overload - ngarkim i tepërt. Ngarkim më i j madh sesa pajisja; mund ta mban atë për të cilën është konstruktuar.Overstrike - nënvizim.Overtype - shkrim përmbi tekst.Overwrite - mbulim i informatës e cila më parë ka qenë në atë vend.PPage break - ndërprerje e faqes. Vend ku mbaron një faqe dhe fillon faqja tjetër.Page layout - pamje e faqesPpm (pages per minute) - faqe në minute. Njësi matëse e shpejtësisë së shtypësit gjatë shtypjes.Pagination - operacion automatik te programet për përpunimin e tekstit, i cili shërben për renditjen e tekstit nëpër faqe me numerimin e tyre.Palmtop computer - kompjuter i vogël i cili mund të mbahet në një dorë.PASCAL - Paskali. Gjuhë kompjuterike.Password - Fjalë e fshehur e cila përdoret për hyrje në sistemin kompjuterik.Patch - arnim. Ndryshim i kodit programor, i cili zakonisht bëhet pas mbarimit të softuerit me qëllim që të përmirësohen disa gabime.Path name - emri i datotekës së bashku me rrugën me të cilën arihet deti tek ajo.Pause - pauzë. Tast ose urdhër i cili përkohësisht e ndërpren punën e ndonjë programi.Peer-to-peer - rrjet lokal ku çdo kompjuter i kyçur është i barabartë. Në rrjet nuk ekziston server.Peripheral device - pajisje e harduerit e cila kyçet në kompjuter.Permanent SWAP file - skedar i përhershëm në Windows me të cilin shtresohen të dhënat dhe instruksionet programore kur nuk mund të vendosen në kujtesën RAM.PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) - komitet i cili krijoj standarde për memorje me kapacitet më të madh e aplikuar te kompjuterët laptop.PIXEL (Picture Element) - Element më i vogël i monitorit kompjuterik i cili mundë të kontroliohet. Sa më i madh të jetë numri i pikselave, aq më e mirë është rezoluta.Pirate - person i cili merret me formën ilegale të kopjimit të softuerave.Plasma display - teknologji e përdorur për konstruimin e ekranit te kompjuterët laptop.Plotter - vizatues. Pajisje e cila shërben për vizatimin e rezultateve të përfituara nga kompjuteri.Plug and play - kyçe dhe puno. Pajisje të cilat kompjuteri automatikisht i detekton dhe i instalon drajverat e nevojshëm në të.Pointer - tregues. Fotografi e vogël në ekran, zakonisht në formë të shigjetës; lëvizjet e saja kontrollohen nëpërmjet minakut.Port - portë; lidhje; hyrje.Portability - përcjellshmëri. Cilësi e programave kompjuterike që të mund të adaptohen në lloj-lloj tipash të kompjuterëve.Power supply - furnizues i rrymes te kompjuteri.Print queue - pritje, rend për shtyp.Print server - zakonisht njëri prej kompjuterëve në rrjet i cili dirigjon me të gjitha kërkesat për shtyp dhe me të gjithë shtypësit që janë të lidhura në rrjet.Printer driver - softuer i cili i mundëson kompjuterit që të punojë me shtypësin.Procedure - rradhitje e instruksioneve kompjuterike të cilat bashkarisht veprojnë për një nevojë dhe detyrë të caktuar.Processing - përpunim i të dhënave.Programming language - gjuhë programore me të cilën programeri e shkruan programin kompjuterik.Prompt - shenjë për thirrje; shërben për shkruarjen e urdhërave.Purge - shlyerje pas së cilës të dhënat e shlyera nuk mund të kthehen më.QQuery - pyetje. Instruksion kompjuterik i cili i parashtron pyejte bazës së të dhënave.Quit - ndalje. Urdhër me të cilën para kohe ndalet ekzekutimi i programit.QWERTY - tastier në të cilën rreshti më i lartë i saj fillon me shkronjat Q, W, E, R, T, Y. Ekzistojnë edhe lloje tjera të tastierëve si per shembull QWERTZ.RRadio button - radio sustë. Mund të zgjedhim vetëm një sustë të këtij lloji në program.RAM (Random Access Memory) - kujtesa kryesore kompjuterike në të cilën janë të vendosura të dhënat të cilat përpunohen.Read-only - vetëm lexim. Të dhënat mund të lexohen, por jo edhe të ndryshohen.ROM (Read Only Memory) - kujtesa e pashlyeshme nga e cila mund të lexohen të dhënat.RTC (Real Time Clock) - Çip kompjuterik i cili ka funksion të orës që ta informojë kompjuterin për kohën e saktë, datën dhe vitin.Reboot - përsëri startim të kompjuterit, zakonisht për shkak të rënies së sistemit.Record - grup i të dhënave të cilat i takojnë një grupacioni. Për shembull, emri i ndonjërit, mbiemri, adresa dhe numri i telefonit.Recover - kthim në gjendjen normale të punës pas paraqitjes së gabimit në sistem.RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives) - kombinim i më shumë disqeve me qëllim që të rritet siguria e të dhënave nga ndonjë humbje e paparashikuar.Refresh rate - shpejtësi për freski. Numër maksimal i fotografive që mund të shfaqen në ndonjë monitor për një sekondë. Paraqitet me herc.RDBMS (Relational Data Base Management System) - sistem për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave.Remote computer - kompjuter i larguar.Remote control program - program me komandim prej së largu.Repeat delay - koha e nevojshme që të shtypet një tast e që të paraqitet karakteri i cli përgatitet që të dale në ekran.Reset button - sustë për resetim. Sustë në pjesën e përparme të shtëpizës së kompjuterit e cila shërben për vënien e sistemit në gjendjen fillestare të saj.Resolution - qartësi e përshkruarjes në ekran apo në shtypës.Response time - kohë për përgjigje nga ana e kompjuterit për ndonjë kërkesë përkatëse.Restart - startim i përsëritur i kompjuterit.Retreive - gjetje dhe ndarje në veçanti e ndonjë informate të përcaktuar.Retry - orvatje e sërishme për të kryer ndonjë instruksion të programit.Ring network - rrjet unazor.RJ-45 - konektor i cili i ngjan lidhjes telefonike, por ka 8 tela në vend që të ketë 4.Root directory - direktoriumi kryesor i një disku.Router - udhërëfyes. Pajisje rrjetore e cila i dërgon të dhënat në rrjet duke e zgjedhur rrugën më të mirë.SSafe mode - gjendje në të cilën startohet Windows-i kur paraqitet ndonjë konflikt në harduer.Save - shkrim i të dhënave në disk, ku nuk mund të humben pas mbylljes së kompjuterit.Scanner - skener. Mjet i cili në mënyrë optike lexon ndonjë dokument dhe e shndërron në skedar grafiko-digjital.Screen - ekran.Scroll - lëvizje e tekstit lart-poshtë.Search engine - program për kërkimin e të dhënave. Makina më të njohura për kërkim në internet janë: Yahoo, Altavista, Google etj.Server - kompjuter në rrjet i cili disa nga resurset e veta i vë në disponim të ndonjë kompjuteri tjetër.Session - koha në të cilën një shfrytëzues e kalon në rrjet.Set up - një sistem të vihet në gjendje pune.Shared file - skedar i përbashkët.Shut down - kryerje e punës së një sistemi operativ të kompjuterit ose çkyçje e kompjuterit.SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - protokoll i cili shfrytëzohet për udhëheqjen e këmbimit të postës elektronike ndërmjet dy kompjuterëve.Slave - i nënshtruar. Kompjuter i cili është i kontrolluar nga një kompjuter tjetër.Software - të gjitha programet të cilat mund të shfrytëzohen në një kompjuter.Software development tool - vegla për zhvillimin e programeve.Sort - renditje e të dhënave me radhitje të re.Sound card - kartë për zërim.Storage - kujtesë.String - varg i shenjave.SQL (Structured Query Language) - pako e programeve për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave.Switch - ndërprerës.System software - softuer sistemor (p.sh. MS-DOS, Windows etj).English-Albanian dictionary > Fjalor i shkurtër terminoiogjik i informatikës
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87 latchkey
['læʧkiː]сущ.2) отмычкаSyn:••to win one's latchkey — стать взрослым, получить относительную свободу от родителей
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88 политика политик·а
(политическая деятельность, курс) policy; (политические события) politicsвырабатывать политику — to make / elaborate policy
заниматься политикой — to deal in / to be engaged in politics, to politicize
критиковать чью-л. политику — to assault / to criticize smb.'s policy
навязать стране какую-л. политику — to force / to impose a policy on a country
одобрять чью-л. политику — to approve / to endorse a policy
оправдывать свою политику — to justify / to validate one's policy
определять политику — to shape / to determine the policy
осуждать чью-л политику — to condemn smb.'s policy
отказаться от проводимой политики — to abandon / to give up / to drop the policy
очернить чью-л. политику — to denigrate smb.'s policy
пересмотреть свою политику — to re-examine / to review / to revise one's policy
поддерживать политику — to uphold / to support a policy
проводить политику — to carry on / to conduct / to follow / to pursue a policy
смягчить политику в отношении какой-л. страны — to moderate a policy toward a country
стать приверженцем какой-л. политики — to commit oneself to a policy
авантюристическая политика — policy of adventure, adventurist(ic) policy
аграрная политика — agrarian / farm policy
агрессивная политика, политика агрессии — policy of aggression, aggressive policy
аннексионистская политика, политика аннексий — policy of annexation, annexationist policy
близорукая / недальновидная политика — shallow / short-sighted policy
"большая политика" — "big politics"
внешняя политика — foreign / external / exterior policy / politics
выступать против чьей-л. внешней политики — to attack smb.'s foreign / policy
дискредитировать чью-л. внешнюю политику — to discredit smb.'s foreign policy
изменить внешнюю политику применительно к чему-л. — to adopt one's foreign policy to smth.
клеветать на чью-л. внешнюю политику — to libel smb.'s foreign policy
неправильно понимать / интерпретировать чью-л. внешнюю политику — to misunderstand smb.'s foreign policy
пересмотреть предпосылки (своей) внешней политики — to re-examine the premises of one's foreign policy
скрывать истинный характер (своей) внешней политики — to disguise the true nature of one's foreign policy
главный / центральный вопрос внешней политики — core of foreign policy
изменения / сдвиги во внешней политике — shifts in foreign policy
определяющий / решающий фактор внешней политики — key determinant factor of foreign policy
цели (и задачи) внешней политики — objectives of foreign policy, foreign policy objectives
внутренняя политика — domestic / internal / home policy / politics
воинственная политика — fighting / belligerent policy
выжидательная политика — wait-and-see / temporizing / expectant / Fabian policy, waiting game
дальновидная политика — forward-looking / far-sighted policy
денежно-кредитная / монетарная политика — monetary policy
эффективность денежно-кредитной политики — effectiveness / strength of monetary policy
захватническая политика — annexationist / expansionist policy
кадровая политика — cadres / personnel policy
капитулянтская политика — defeatist policy, policy of defeat / capitulation
классовая политика — class / class-motivated policy
кредитная политика — credit control, lending / credit / crediting policy
международная политика — international policy / politics
изменить внешнюю политику применительно к чему-л. — to adapt international policy to smth.
радикально изменить внешнюю политику — radically to change / to reverse international policy
мирная политика, политика мира — policy of peace
мировая политика — world politics / policy
миролюбивая политика — peace / peaceable / peaceful policy
придерживаться миролюбивой политики — to abide by / to adhere to a peaceful policy
надклассовая политика — aboveclass policy, policy independent of class
налоговая политика — fiscal / tax / taxation policy
наступательная политика — vigorous / active policy
независимая политика — policy of go-it-alone, independent policy
нереальная / оторванная от жизни политика — unrealistic politics
последовательная политика — coherent / consistent policy
расистская иммиграционная политика — racist / racial immigration policy, racist policy on immigration
реваншистская политика — revenge-seeking / revanchist policy
согласованная политика — coordinated / agreed policy
соглашательская политика — policy of class collaboration / conciliation / compromise
тонкая политика — subtle policy; kid-glove policy амер. разг.
торговая политика — trade / commercial policy
трезвая политика — sober / sound policy
умеренная политика — middle-of-the-road / moderate policy
финансово-бюджетная / фискальная политика — fiscal policy
в фарватере чьей-л. политики — in the wake of smb.'s policy
политика балансирования на грани войны — brink-of-war policy; policy of brinkmanship амер.
политика "большой дубинки" (политика открытого вмешательства США во внутренние дела латиноамериканских стран до 1933 г.) — Big Stick policy
политика булавочных / мелких уколов — policy of pin-pricks
политика, ведущая к инфляции — inflationary policy
политика взаимных уступок — give-and-take policy, policy of accommodation
"политика выкручивания рук" — arm-twisting policy, policy of arm-twisting
политика государства, направленная на усиление своего господства — power politics
политика дальнего прицела — far-reaching / range policy
"политика дефляции" — "deflation policy"
"политика доброго соседа" (политика США в отношении стран Латинской Америки, провозглашённая президентом Ф.Д. Рузвельтом, 1933-45 гг.) — "good-neighbour policy"
"политика завинчивания гаек" по отношению к кому-л. — "policy of tightening the screws" on smb.
политика "замораживания" (приостановки роста доходов) — incomes standstill policy
политика запугивания — policy of intimidation / deterrence
политика затыкания рта парл. разг. — gag law (rule)
политика корректирования / приспособления — adjustment policy
политика мира — policy of peace, peace policy
"политика монетаризма" — monetarist policy
"политика наведения мостов" — policy of bridge-building
политика, направленная на стимулирование экономического роста — expansionary policy
политика невмешательства — policy of noninterference, let alone / hands-off policy
"политика открытых дверей" ("равных возможностей" капиталовложений в определённых странах) — open-door policy
"политика открытого неба" — open-skies policy
"политика плаща и кинжала" — cloak and dagger policy
политика, построенная на заблуждениях — policy built on delusions
политика, проводимая в пользу одной партии — partisan politics / policy
политика с позиции силы — position-of-strength policy, policy of force
политика сдерживания роста заработной платы — wage-freeze policy, политика сильной руки machismo исп.
"политика увязок" — policy of linkage
политика холодной войны — cold war politics / policy
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89 infilare
[infi'lare]1. vt1) (introdurre: moneta, chiave) to insertinfilò le mani in tasca — he put o slipped his hands into his pockets
le infilò un anello al dito — he put o slipped a ring on her finger
riesci ad infilarci ancora qualcosa? — (in borsa, valigia) can you squeeze anything else in?
2) (ago, perle) to thread3) (indossare: vestito) to slip o put on4) (imboccare: strada) to turn into, take5)infilare uno sbaglio dopo l'altro — to make one mistake after the otherinfilare sette vittorie consecutive — to win seven matches o times on the trot
2. vr (infilarsi) -
90 have
1. n имущиеthe haves and have-nots — богатые и бедные; имущие и неимущие
2. n разг. обман, надувательство3. v иметьall I have — всё, что у меня есть
I have no words to express … — у меня не хватает слов, чтобы выразить …
I had my work to do — мне надо было сделать работу; у меня ещё была работа
4. v обладать, иметь5. v состоять из; иметь в качестве составной или неотъемлемой частиto have the duty — нести вахту, стоять на часах
to have the say-so — иметь власть, распоряжаться
6. v получатьthey had no news of him — они не получали о нём известий, они ничего не слышали о нём
7. v приобретать8. v узнавать9. v добиваться10. v зарабатывать11. v находиться; иметьсяto have good health — быть здоровым, иметь крепкое здоровье
12. v происходить, случаться13. v знать; уметьhave you no manner? — вы что, не умеете вести себя?
14. v разг. усваивать, понимать; найти решениеhave you decided? — вы приняли решение?; вы решились на что-нибудь?
15. v взять в жёны или мужьяto have a nose for news — умение выведать всё, что случилось
to have the world before one — иметь перед собой всю жизнь;
have you got all you require? — у вас есть всё, что нужно ?
16. v приниматьto have a bath — принимать ванну; мыться, купаться
17. v взять, принятьto have the best of it — взять верх, победить, одолеть
18. v разг. одолеть, взять верх, победитьrather, we have won — наоборот, мы победили
to have the victory — одержать победу, победить
to have the upper hand — одержать верх, одолеть, выиграть
19. v разг. обмануть, обойти, перехитритьI am afraid you have been done — боюсь, что вас обманули
Синонимический ряд:1. bear (verb) bear; beget; bring forth; deliver; possess2. bribe (verb) bribe; buy; buy off; fix; sop; square; tamper with3. carry (verb) carry; display; exhibit4. command (verb) boast; command5. engage (verb) carry on; engage; indulge; partake; participate6. fool (verb) beguile; betray; bluff; deceive; delude; dupe; fool; humbug; mislead; trick7. get (verb) acquire; annex; chalk up; compass; gain; get; land; obtain; pick up; procure; pull; receive; secure; take; win8. give (verb) give; hold; organize; stage9. include (verb) comprise; consist of; contain; embody; embrace; encompass; include; involve; subsume; take in10. know (verb) appreciate; apprehend; cognize; comprehend; fathom; grasp; know; understand11. let (verb) allow; leave; let; permit; suffer12. must (verb) must; need; ought; should13. outwit (verb) outfox; outgeneral; outjockey; outmaneuver; outreach; outslick; outsmart; outthink; outwit; overreach; undo14. own (verb) enjoy; occupy; own; possess; retain15. see (verb) endure; experience; feel; go through; meet with; see; sustain; taste; undergo16. state (verb) assert; asseverate; aver; maintain; state; testifyАнтонимический ряд:cancel; covet; desire; discard; exclude; forego; lack; lose; miss; need; reject; want -
91 lose
1. v терятьto lose a leg — потерять ногу, лишиться ноги
to lose weight — терять в весе, худеть
2. v затерять, не находить3. v утратить, потерять, не сохранитьthe little grocery store is losing customers to the new supermarket — новый универсам отнимает покупателей у бакалейной лавочки
it was so cold that we lost the use of our hands — было так холодно, что у нас онемели руки
to lose the thread of smth. — потерять нить
4. v избавиться, освободитьсяshe was dieting to lose weight — она соблюдала диету, чтобы похудеть
5. v недослышать, не разглядеть6. v упустить, не воспользоватьсяlose opportunity — упустить возможность; упустить случай
7. v пропустить, опоздать8. v проигрыватьto lose a war — проиграть войну, потерпеть поражение в войне
9. v не получить10. v нести убыток, потери; терпеть ущербyou will lose nothing by waiting — вы ничего не потеряете, если подождёте
to lose the day — проиграть сражение, потерпеть поражение
lose out — потерпеть неудачу; не иметь успеха
11. v лишать; причинять ущерб12. v потерять, лишитьсяhe lost his wife — он потерял жену, у него умерла жена
13. v преим. погибнуть, исчезнуть14. v отставатьСинонимический ряд:1. be defeated (verb) be defeated; fall; forfeit2. confuse (verb) confuse; forget3. deprive (verb) bereave; deprive; disinherit; dispossess; divest; oust; rob4. drop (verb) drop; lose out; sacrifice5. fail (verb) fail; relinquish; succumb; surrender; yield6. mislay (verb) mislay; misplace7. miss (verb) mislay; misplace; miss; waste8. rid (verb) clear; rid; shake off; unburden9. shake (verb) dodge; elude; evade; shake; slip; throw offАнтонимический ряд:achieve; acquire; advance; collect; conquer; discard; earn; expand; extend; find; gain; get; guard; recover; win -
92 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister. -
93 возможность
сущ.По сравнению с русским нейтральным существительным возможность его английские эквиваленты указывают на степень достижимости и на наличие средств для претворения этой потенциальной возможности в жизнь.1. possibility — возможность, вероятность (то, что может произойти или вероятно произойдет): possibility of success (of failure) — возможность удачи (провала/неудачи); within the range (the bounds) of possibility — в пределах возможного; a degree of possibility — степень вероятности His victory in the contest must be regarded as a possibility. — Его победу в конкурсе следует рассматривать, как одну из возможностей./Возможно он победит в конкурсе. In this case one can't foresee all the possibilities. — В этом случае нельзя предвидеть все возможности. We could not ignore the possibility of an enemy attack. — Нельзя пренебрегать возможностью нападения противника./Нельзя не учитывать, что противник может предпринять атаку.2. opportunity — возможность, удобный случай, благоприятная возможность (перспектива, подчеркивающая высокую степень претворения потенциальной возможности в жизнь): a golden opportunity — прекрасная возможность; great opportunities — хорошие возможности/большие перспективы; a favourable (splendid, excellent, unique, rare) opportunity — благоприятная (блестящая, прекрасная, единственная в своем роде, редкая) возможность; commercial opportunities — коммерческие возможности/коммерческие перспективы; trade (education, employment, job/business) opportunities — перспективы развития торговли (образования, занятости, обеспечения работой); learning opportunities — возможности обучения; equal opportunities — равные возможности; an opportunity for travelling — возможность путешествовать; at the earliest opportunity that offers (turns up) — как только представится (подвернется) малейшая возможность; at every opportunity — при каждом удобном случае; at the first opportunity — при первом удобном случае; to have no/little/not any opportunity — не иметь возможности/иметь мало возможностей/не иметь никакой возможности; to take the opportunity — воспользоваться удобным случаем; to lose/to miss an opportunity — упустить удобный случай/упустить удобную возможность; to have an opportunity to do/of doing smth — иметь возможность что-либо сделать; to give (to offer) smb equal opportunities — дать (предоставить) кому-либо равные возможности; to catch a good opportunity — воспользоваться хорошей возможностью; to appreciate this opportunity — ценить эту возможность; to use/to seize every opportunity to do smth — использовать каждую возможность что-либо сделать/воспользоваться любой возможностью что-либо сделать; to watch one's opportunity/to wait for one's opportunity — выжидать удобного случая; to gel an opportunity — получить какую-либо возможность If the opportunity offers itself. — Если представится благоприятная возможность. Don't let the opportunity slip (pass/go by). — He упускай эту возможность./Не упускай такой удобный случай. Не was denied college opportunities. — Ему было отказано в возможности учиться в колледже./Он был лишен возможности учиться в колледже. I haven't much opportunity to see him. — Мне редко предоставляется возможность повидать его. Существительное opportunity вызывает ассоциации с доступом, возможностью проникнуть или войти в здание, эта же вероятность/невозможность возникает при использовании ряда слов с переносным значением: This opened the door to a new way of life. — Это открыло двери для нового образа жизни. Не was only on the threshold of a new career. Он только стоял на пороге новой карьеры. Having a degree is unlocking many opportunities. — Наличие ученой степени открывает путь ко многим возможностям. What would you say is the key to success? — В чем по-твоему ключ к успеху? The company had several openings for trainees. — Компания может предоставить ряд возможностей практикантам. Not everyone has an access to higher education. — He у всех есть доступ к получению высшего образования./Нс у всех есть возможность получить высшее образование. I felt I had got the job by the back door. — Я чувствовал, что получил эту работу по блату. We operate an open-door policy. — Мы проводим политику открытых дверей./Мы проводим политику открытых (для всех) возможностей. Opportunity came knocking. — В дверь стучится благоприятная возможность./Благоприятная возможность лежала у (моих) дверей./Благоприятная возможность лежала у моих ног./Благоприятная возможность сама шла в руки. She felt that all doors were barred/bolted/closed against her. — Она чувствовала, что для нее все двери были закрыты. Age is no barrier to success. — Возраст успеху не помеха.3. means — возможности, материальные средства ( главным образом доход и деньги): We are asked to contribute according to our means. — К нам обращаются с просьбой помочь, кто сколько может./К нам обращаются с просьбой пожертвовать (деньги) в соответствии с нашими возможностями. The car is certainly beyond their means. — Такая машина безусловно им не по средствам. This is the only means to achieve results. — Это единственная возможность достигнуть желаемых результатов. Testing is the only means for checking a student's progress. — Тестирование — единственная возможность установить каких успехов достигли студенты.4. resources — возможности, ресурсы, средства (опыт, знания, навыки, духовные силы): Не had to use all his resources to escape alive. — Он должен был использовать все свои возможности (свой опыт и знания), чтобы остаться в живых. Не made the most of his resources. — Он до конца исчерпал свои возможности./Он использовал все средства. You will have to fall on your own inner resources. — Вам придется опираться на свои внутренние силы./Вам придется использовать свои внутренние ресурсы. They seem to have come to an end of their inner resources. — Они, кажется, исчерпали все свои духовные силы.5. chance — возможность, шанс, риск (возможность чего-либо, что может произойти, но что мало вероятно, на что мало надежд): our only chance — наш единственный шанс/наша единственная возможность; one chance in a thousand — один шанс на тысячу; to take chances — рисковать What are her chances to survive? — Каковы у нее шансы выжить? There is no chance of his accepting our offer. — Надежд на то, что он примет наше предложение нет. There is always a chance that something may go wrong. — Всегда остается вероятность того, что что-либо сорвется. Is there any chance of his lending me the money? — Возможно ли, что он даст мне взаймы?/Есть хоть какая-нибудь надежда на то, что он даст Мне взаймы нужную сумму денег? I have lost so many times, that this time 1 can't take chances. — Я столько проигрывал, что на сей раз не могу рисковать. The горе might break, but we must try, it is our last chance to get across. — Канат может не выдержать/порваться, но мы должны попытаться, это наш последний шанс перебраться на ту сторону. Не hoped that next time he would get/have a better chance to win. — Он надеялся, что в следующий раз у него будет больше возможностей/шансов победить. Let him take another chance. — Дай ему еще один шанс/Пусть он использует еще одну возможность. -
94 know
1 ( have knowledge of) connaître [person, place, characteristics, name, taste, opinion, result, figures, value, rules, decision, situation, system, way] ; savoir, connaître [answer, language, reason, truth, words] ; he knows everything/something il sait tout/quelque chose ; to know sb by name/sight/reputation connaître qn de nom/vue/réputation ; you know Frank, he's always late tu connais Frank, il est toujours en retard ; to know sth by heart savoir or connaître qch par cœur ; to know how to do savoir faire ; ( stressing method) savoir comment faire ; I know how to swim je sais nager ; she knows how to improve it/use it elle sait comment l'améliorer/l'utiliser ; he certainly knows how to upset people/make a mess iron pour contrarier les gens/faire du désordre, il s'y connaît ○ ; to know that… savoir que… ; to know for certain ou for sure that… savoir avec certitude que… ; I wasn't to know that je ne pouvais pas savoir que ; to know who/when savoir qui/quand ; to know why/whether savoir pourquoi/si ; to know what love is savoir ce que c'est que l'amour ; you know what children are/she is tu sais comment sont les enfants/elle est ; to know sb/sth as connaître qn/qch sous le nom de ; Edward, better known as Ted Edward, plus connu sous le nom de Ted ; Virginia known as Ginny to her friends Virginia ou Ginny pour ses amis ; I know him for ou to be a liar je sais que c'est un menteur ; to let it be known ou to make it known that faire savoir que ; to have known sb/sth to do avoir déjà vu qn/ qch faire ; I've never known him to lose his temper je ne l'ai jamais vu se mettre en colère ; it has been known to snow there il est arrivé qu'il neige ici ; if I know you/him tel que je te/le connais ; he is known to the police il est connu de la police ; just how well did you know the accused? iron dans quelle mesure connaissiez-vous ou ne connaissiez-vous pas l'inculpé? ; I know all about redundancy! je sais ce que c'est que le chômage! ; as you well know comme tu le sais bien ; as well she knows elle le sait parfaitement ; (do) you know something?, do you know what? tu sais quoi? ; there's no knowing how/whether on ne peut pas savoir comment/si ; to know one's way home connaître le chemin pour rentrer chez soi ; to know one's way around fig savoir se débrouiller ; to know one's way around a town bien connaître une ville ; to know one's way around a computer/an engine savoir se débrouiller avec les ordinateurs/les moteurs ; I know that for a fact j'en suis absolument sûr ; I know what! you could… j'ai une idée! tu pourrais… ; he knows all/nothing about it il est/il n'est pas au courant ; maybe you know something I don't peut-être que tu sais quelque chose que je ne sais pas ;2 ( feel certain) être sûr ; he's dead, I know it il est mort, j'en suis sûr ; I knew it! j'en étais sûr! ; to know that… être sûr que… ; I know my key is here somewhere je suis sûr que ma clé est quelque part par ici ; I don't know that we can je ne suis pas sûr que nous le puissions ; I don't know that I want to go really je ne suis pas vraiment sûr d'avoir envie d'y aller ; I don't know that opening the window/taking medicine will make much difference je ne pense pas que le fait d'ouvrir la fenêtre/de prendre des médicaments puisse changer quelque chose ;3 ( realize) se rendre compte ; to know to do savoir qu'il faut faire ; does he know to switch off the light? sait-il qu'il faut éteindre? ; do you know how expensive that is? tu te rends compte combien ça coûte? ; she doesn't know just how lucky she's been elle ne se rend pas compte de la chance qu'elle a eue ; you don't know how pleased I am tu ne peux pas savoir comme je suis content ; she's attractive and doesn't she know it! elle est séduisante et elle le sait! ; don't I know it! ne m'en parle pas! ;4 ( recognize) reconnaître (by à ; from de) ; I hardly knew him je l'ai à peine reconnu ; I know her by her walk je la reconnais à sa démarche ; she doesn't know a peach from a plum! elle ne sait pas reconnaître une pêche d'une prune! ; only their parents know one from the other il n'y a que leurs parents qui sachent les distinguer ; she knows a bargain when she sees one elle sait repérer les bonnes affaires ;5 ( acknowledge) to be known for sth être connu pour qch ; to be known for doing être connu pour faire ; he's known for providing a good service il est connu pour offrir un bon service ;6 ( experience) connaître [joy, sadness, love] ; you have to know sorrow to know what happiness is il faut avoir connu le chagrin pour savoir ce qu'est le bonheur ;7 ‡ Bible connaître†.1 ( have knowledge) savoir ; as you know comme vous le savez ; you'll know next time tu le sauras pour la prochaine fois ; I wouldn't know je ne saurais dire ; to know about ( have information) être au courant de [event] ; ( have skill) s'y connaître en [computing, engines] ; he knows about such things il s'y connaît ; to know of ( from experience) connaître ; ( from information) avoir entendu parler de ; do you know of a short cut? est-ce que tu connais un raccourci? ; I know of somebody who… j'ai entendu parler de quelqu'un qui… ; not that I know of pas que je sache ; to let sb know of ou about tenir qn au courant de [plans, arrangement, job] ; we'll let you know nous vous tiendrons au courant ; how should I know ○ ! comment veux-tu que je sache! ; if you must know si tu veux tout savoir ; wouldn't you like ou love to know t'aimerais bien le savoir ○ ; if you drop it on your foot, you'll know about it ○ si tu le laisses tomber sur ton pied, tu vas le sentir passer ○ ; if the brakes fail, you'll know about it si les freins lâchent tu t'en rendras compte ; if I were angry with you, you'd know about it si j'étais fâché contre toi, je te le ferais savoir ; I'd ou I'll have you know ○ je te signale ○ ; you know better than to argue with him tu as mieux à faire que de te disputer avec lui ; you left her alone? you ought to have known better tu l'as laissée seule? tu n'aurais pas dû ; he says he came home early but I know better il dit qu'il est rentré tôt mais je n'en crois rien ; they don't know any better c'est un manque d'éducation ; they don't know any better, you do! eux ils ne savent peut-être pas, mais toi tu n'as aucune excuse! ;2 ( feel certain) ‘he won't win’-‘oh I don't know’ ‘il ne va pas gagner’-‘oh je n'en suis pas si sûr’ ; ‘I'll take the morning off’-‘I don't know about that! ’ ‘je vais prendre ma matinée’-‘c'est ce que vous croyez?’ ; ‘is it useful?’-‘I don't know about useful, but it was cheap’ ‘c'est utile?’-‘je ne sais pas si c'est utile mais ce n'était pas cher’ ; I don't know about you but… je ne sais ce que tu en penses, mais… ; I don't know! look at this mess! non mais ○, regarde un peu ce fouillis!it takes one to know one qui se ressemble s'assemble ; not to know what to do with oneself ne pas savoir quoi faire de son temps ; not to know where ou which way to turn fig ne pas savoir à quel saint se vouer ; not to know where to put oneself ne pas savoir où se mettre ; not to know whether one is coming or going ne plus savoir ce qu'on fait ; it's not what you know but who you know ce qui compte ce n'est pas d'avoir des connaissances mais des relations ; to be in the know ○ être bien informé, être à la coule ◑ ; to be in the know about sth ○ être au courant de qch ; I know my place hum je sais que je ne compte pas ; well what do you know! iron en voilà une surprise! iron. -
95 nowhere
A adv nulle part ; nowhere special nulle part ; nowhere but in Scotland nulle part sauf en Écosse ; she's nowhere to be seen on ne la voit nulle part ; the key is nowhere to be found on ne trouve la clé nulle part ; I've got nowhere else to go je n'ai nulle part où aller ; nowhere else will you find a better bargain vous ne trouverez pas de meilleure affaire ailleurs ; to appear ou come out of nowhere venir de nulle part ; there's nowhere better for a holiday il n'y a pas de meilleur endroit pour passer des vacances ; there's nowhere to sit down/park il n'y a pas d'endroit pour s'asseoir/se garer ; nowhere is this custom more widespread than in China c'est en Chine que cette coutume est la plus répandue ; business is good and nowhere more so than in Tokyo les affaires marchent bien, surtout à Tokyo ; these negotiations are going nowhere ces négociations ne mènent nulle part ; this company/this team is going nowhere l'entreprise/l'équipe ne fait aucun progrès ; £10 goes nowhere these days avec 10 livres sterling on ne va pas loin de nos jours ; all this talk is getting us nowhere tout ce bavardage ne nous avance à rien ; flattery will get you nowhere! tu n'arriveras à rien en me flattant ; she came out of nowhere to win the race elle a gagné la course contre toute attente.B nowhere near adv phr, prep phr nowhere near sufficient/satisfactory loin d'être suffisant/satisfaisant ; nowhere near big enough loin d'être assez grand ; nowhere near as useful as loin d'être aussi utile que ; the carpark is nowhere near the bank le parking est loin de la banque ; 50 dollars is nowhere near enough 50 dollars, c'est loin d'être assez ; I'm nowhere near finished je ne suis pas près de finir ; we're nowhere near finding a solution nous ne sommes pas près de trouver une solution.we're getting nowhere fast nous n'avançons pas du tout ; ⇒ middle. -
96 pull
A n1 ( tug) coup m ; one good pull and the door opened un bon coup et la porte s'est ouverte ; to give sth a pull tirer sur qch ;2 ( attraction) lit force f ; fig attrait m ; gravitational pull force gravitationnelle ; the pull of Hollywood/of the sea l'attrait d'Hollywood/de la mer ;3 ○ ( influence) influence f ; to exert a pull over sb exercer une certaine influence sur qn ; to have a lot of pull with sb avoir beaucoup d'influence sur qn ; to have the pull to do avoir le bras suffisamment long pour faire ;5 ○ ( on cigarette etc) bouffée f ; to take a pull at ou on a cigarette tirer une bouffée sur une cigarette ;7 ( snag) ( in sweater) maille f tirée ; there's a pull in my sweater il y a une maille tirée sur mon pull ;8 Print épreuve f ;9 ( prolonged effort) it was a hard pull to the summit cela a été très dur d'arriver jusqu'au sommet ; the next five kilometres will be a hard pull les cinq prochains kilomètres vont être durs.B vtr1 ( tug) tirer [chain, curtain, hair, tail] ; tirer sur [cord, rope] ; to pull the door open/shut ouvrir/fermer la porte ; to pull the sheets over one's head se cacher la tête sous les draps ; to pull a sweater over one's head ( to put it on) enfiler un pull-over ; ( to take it off) retirer un pull-over ;2 (tug, move) ( towards oneself) tirer (towards vers) ; ( by dragging) traîner [reticent person, heavy object] (along le long de) ; ( to show sth) entraîner par le bras [person] ; to pull sb by the arm/hair tirer qn par le bras/les cheveux ; to pull sb/sth through faire passer qn/qch par [hole, window] ;3 ( draw) [vehicle] tracter [caravan, trailer] ; [horse] tirer [cart, plough] ; [person] tirer [handcart, sled] ;4 (remove, extract) extraire [tooth] ; cueillir [peas, beans, flowers] ; arracher [potatoes] ; to pull sth off [small child, cat] faire tomber qch de [shelf, table] ; he pulled her attacker off her il a fait lâcher prise à son assaillant ; to pull sth out of tirer qch de [pocket, drawer] ; to pull sb out of retirer qn de [wreckage] ; sortir qn de [river] ;8 ( hold back) [rider] retenir [horse] ; to pull one's punches [boxer] retenir ses coups ; fig he didn't pull his punches il n'a pas mâché ses mots ;9 (steer, guide) to pull a boat into the bank amener une barque jusqu'à la berge ; to pull a plane out of a dive redresser un avion ;11 Print tirer [proof] ;13 ○ ( attract) attirer [audience, voters, girls, men] ;14 ( make) to pull a face faire la grimace ; to pull faces faire des grimaces ; to pull a strange expression faire une drôle de tête ○.C vi1 ( tug) tirer (at, on sur) ; to pull at sb's sleeve tirer qn par la manche ;2 ( resist restraint) [dog, horse] tirer (at, on sur) ;3 ( move) tirer ; the car pulls to the left la voiture tire à gauche ; the brakes are pulling to the left quand on freine la voiture tire à gauche ; to pull ahead of sb [athlete, rally driver] prendre de l'avance sur qn ; [company] avoir de l'avance sur [competitor] ;5 Sport [golfer, batsman] hooker ;6 ( row) ramer.pull the other one (it's got bells on) ○ ! à d'autres (mais pas à moi) ○ ! ; to be on the pull ◑ draguer ○.■ pull along:▶ pull [sth] along, pull along [sth] tirer [sled] ;▶ pull [sb] along tirer qn par le bras.■ pull apart:▶ pull apart [component, pieces] se séparer ;▶ pull [sb/sth] apart1 ( dismantle) démonter [machine, toy] ;2 ( destroy) [child] mettre en pièces [toy] ; [animal] déchiqueter [object, prey] ; I'll find the key, I don't care if I have to pull the house apart! fig je trouverai cette clé, même si je dois mettre la maison sens dessus dessous! ;4 ( separate) séparer [combattants, dogs, pages].■ pull away:1 (move away, leave) [car] démarrer ; [person] s'écarter ;2 ( become detached) [component, piece] se détacher ;3 ( open up lead) [car, horse] se détacher (from de) ;▶ pull away from [sb/sth] [car, person] s'éloigner de [person, kerb] ;▶ pull [sb/sth] away éloigner [person] ; retirer [hand] ; to pull [sth] away from sb arracher [qch] à qn [held object] ; to pull sb/sth away from éloigner qn/qch de [danger] ; écarter qn/qch de [window, wall etc].■ pull back:1 ( withdraw) [troops] se retirer (from de) ;2 ( move backwards) [car, person] reculer ;3 ( close the gap) rattraper mon/son etc retard ; she's pulling back ( in race) elle est en train de rattraper son retard ;▶ pull [sb/sth] back, pull back [sb/sth]2 ( tug back) pull the rope back hard tire fort sur la corde.■ pull down:▶ pull [sth] down, pull down [sth]1 ( demolish) démolir [building] ;▶ pull [sb/sth] down, pull down [sb/sth] ( drag down) tirer [person, object] (onto sur) ; fig entraîner [person, company] ; he'll pull you down with him il va t'entraîner avec lui.■ pull in:▶ pull in [car, bus, driver] s'arrêter ; pull in at the next service station arrêtez-vous à la prochaine station-service ; the police signalled to the motorist to pull in GB la police a fait signe à l'automobiliste de s'arrêter ; to pull in to the kerb s'arrêter le long du trottoir ;▶ pull [sb] in, pull in [sb]1 ( bring in) [police] appréhender qn ; to pull sb in for questioning appréhender qn pour l'interroger ;▶ pull [sth] in, pull in [sth]3 ( steer) [driver] arrêter.■ pull off:▶ pull off [sth], pull [sth] off2 ○ ( clinch) réussir [raid, robbery] ; conclure [deal] ; réaliser [coup, feat] ; décrocher [win, victory].■ pull out:▶ pull out1 ( emerge) [car, truck] déboîter ; I got to the platform just as the train was pulling out je suis arrivé sur le quai au moment où le train partait ; to pull out of quitter [drive, parking space, station] ;2 ( withdraw) [army, troops] se retirer ; [candidate, competitor] se retirer ; to pull out of se retirer de [negotiations, Olympics, area] ;▶ pull [sth] out, pull out [sth]2 ( take out) sortir [knife, gun, wallet, handkerchief] ;3 ( withdraw) retirer [troops, army].■ pull over:▶ pull over [motorist, car] s'arrêter (sur le côté) ;▶ pull [sb/sth] over [police] forcer [qn/qch] à se ranger sur le côté [driver, car].■ pull through:▶ pull through [accident victim] s'en tirer, s'en sortir ;▶ pull [sb/sth] through faire passer [object, person, wool] ; pull the thread through to the front faites passer le fil devant.▶ pull together faire un effort, s'y mettre ; we must all pull together il faut que tout le monde fasse un effort ou s'y mette ;▶ pull [sth] together pull the two ends of the rope together mettez la corde bout à bout ; pull the two pieces together mettez les deux morceaux l'un contre l'autre ; to pull oneself together se ressaisir, se reprendre.■ pull up:▶ pull up1 ( stop) [car, athlete] s'arrêter ;2 ( regain lost ground) [athlete, pupil] rattraper son retard ;▶ pull up [sth], pull [sth] up1 ( uproot) arracher [weeds] ;2 ( lift) lever [anchor, drawbridge] ; to pull up one's trousers/one's socks remonter son pantalon/ses chaussettes ; to pull up a chair prendre une chaise ;▶ pull [sb] up1 ( lift) hisser ; to pull sb up a cliff/out of a well hisser qn en haut d'une falaise/hors d'un puits ; to pull oneself up se hisser ;2 ( reprimand) réprimander qn ; he pulled me up for working too slowly il m'a réprimandé parce que je travaillais trop lentement ; -
97 to
1 ( expressing purpose) pour ; to do sth to impress one's friends faire qch pour impressionner ses amis ;2 ( expressing wish) oh to be in England! littér ô être en Angleterre! ; oh to be able to stay in bed! hum ô pouvoir rester au lit! ;3 ( linking consecutive acts) he looked up to see… en levant les yeux, il a vu… ; he woke up (only) to find en se réveillant il a découvert ;5 ( avoiding repetition of verb) ‘did you go?’-‘no I promised not to’ ‘tu y es allé?’-‘non j'avais promis de ne pas le faire’ ; ‘are you staying?’-‘I want to but…’ ‘tu restes?’-‘j'aimerais bien mais…’ ;6 ( following impersonal verb) it is interesting/difficult etc to do sth il est intéressant/difficile etc de faire qch ; it's hard to understand why he did it il est difficile de comprendre pourquoi il l'a fait.B prep1 ( in direction of) à [shops, school etc] ; ( with purpose of visiting) chez [doctor's, dentist's etc] ; she's gone to Mary's elle est partie chez Mary ; to Paris à Paris ; to Spain en Espagne ; to the country à la campagne ; to town en ville ; the road to the village la route qui mène au village ; trains to and from les trains à destination et en provenance de [place] ; to your positions! à vos positions! ; children to the front, adults to the back les enfants devant, les adultes derrière ;2 ( facing towards) vers ; turned to the wall tourné vers le mur ; with his back to them en leur tournant le dos ;3 ( against) contre ; holding the letter to his chest tenant la lettre contre sa poitrine ; back to back dos à dos ;4 ( up to) jusqu'à ; to count to 100 compter jusqu'à 100 ; to the end/this day jusqu'à la fin/ce jour ; from this post to that tree it's 100 metres de ce poteau à cet arbre il y a 100 mètres ; 50 to 60 people entre 50 et 60 personnes ; in five to ten minutes d'ici cinq à dix minutes ; to Manchester, it takes 20 minutes pour aller à Manchester ça prend 20 minutes ; cheque to the value of chèque d'un montant de ;5 ( used as dative) [give, offer, hand] à ; give the book to Sophie donne le livre à Sophie ; she 's given the meat to the dog/dogs elle a donné la viande au chien/aux chiens ; ‘give the letter to her’-‘to who?’-‘to her over there!’ ‘donne-lui la lettre’-‘à qui?’-‘à elle là-bas!’ ;6 ( with respect to) personal assistant to the director assistant du directeur ; ambassador to Japan ambassadeur au Japon ;7 ( in attitude to) be nice to your brother sois gentil avec ton frère ;8 ( in the opinion of) to me/my daughter it's just a minor problem pour moi/ma fille ce n'est qu'un problème mineur ; it looks to me like rain à mon avis il va pleuvoir ;9 (in toasts, dedications) à ; to Steve/prosperity à Steve/la prospérité ; ( on tombstone) to our dear son à notre cher fils ;10 ( in accordance with) is it to your taste? c'est à ton goût? ; to dance to the music danser sur la musique ;11 (in relationships, comparisons) to win by three goals to two gagner par trois buts à deux ; five to the square metre/to the dollar cinq par mètre carré/pour un dollar ; perpendicular to the ground perpendiculaire au sol ; next door to the school à côté de l'école ; X is to Y as A is to B Math X est à Y ce que A est à B ;12 ( showing accuracy) three weeks to the day trois semaines jour pour jour ; to scale à l'échelle ; to time à l'heure ;13 ( showing reason) to invite sb to dinner inviter qn à dîner ; to this end à cette fin, dans ce but ;14 ( belonging to) de ; the key to the safe la clé du coffre ; a room to myself une chambre pour moi tout seul ; there's no sense to it ça n'a aucun sens ;16 ( showing reaction) à ; to his surprise/dismay à sa grande surprise/consternation ; to the sound of the drums au son du tambour ;17 Comm to repairing/delivering etc à réparer/livrer etc.C adv1 ○ ( closed) to push the door to fermer la porte ; when the curtains are to quand les rideaux sont fermés.that's all there is to it ( it's easy) c'est aussi simple que ça ; ( not for further discussion) un point c'est tout ; there's nothing to it ce n'est pas compliqué ; what a to-do ○ ! quelle histoire ○ ! ; they made such a to-do ○ ils en ont fait toute une histoire ○ ; what's it to you ○ ? qu'est-ce que ça peut te faire? -
98 get
get [get]recevoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (d), 1A (g), 1A (i), 1B (b) avoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b) toucher ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (b) trouver ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) obtenir ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) tenir ⇒ 1A (c) offrir ⇒ 1A (e) acheter ⇒ 1A (f) prendre ⇒ 1A (f), 1A (k), 1A (l) gagner ⇒ 1A (i) chercher ⇒ 1A (j) attraper ⇒ 1A (k), 1A (l), 1B (a) réserver ⇒ 1A (m) répondre ⇒ 1A (n) faire faire ⇒ 1C (b)-(d) préparer ⇒ 1D (a) entendre ⇒ 1D (b) comprendre ⇒ 1D (d) atteindre ⇒ 1E (a) devenir ⇒ 2A (a) se faire ⇒ 2A (b) commencer à ⇒ 2A (c), 2B (c) aller ⇒ 2B (a) réussir à ⇒ 2B (e)( British pt & pp got [gɒt], cont getting [getɪŋ], American pt got [gɒt], pp gotten [gɒtən], cont getting [getɪŋ])A.(a) (receive → gift, letter, phone call) recevoir, avoir; (→ benefits, pension) recevoir, toucher; (→ medical treatment) suivre;∎ I got a bike for my birthday on m'a donné ou j'ai eu ou j'ai reçu un vélo pour mon anniversaire;∎ I get 'The Times' at home je reçois le 'Times' à la maison;∎ this part of the country doesn't get much rain cette région ne reçoit pas beaucoup de pluie, il ne pleut pas beaucoup dans cette région;∎ the living room gets a lot of sun le salon est très ensoleillé;∎ I rang but I got no answer (at door) j'ai sonné mais je n'ai pas obtenu ou eu de réponse; (on phone) j'ai appelé sans obtenir de réponse;∎ many students get grants beaucoup d'étudiants ont une bourse;∎ he got five years for smuggling il a écopé de ou il a pris cinq ans (de prison) pour contrebande;∎ he got a bullet in his shoulder il a reçu une balle dans l'épaule;∎ familiar you're really going to get it! qu'est-ce que tu vas prendre ou écoper!;∎ familiar I'll see that you get yours! je vais te régler ton compte!(b) (obtain → gen) avoir, trouver, obtenir; (→ through effort) se procurer, obtenir; (→ licence, loan, permission) obtenir; (→ diploma, grades) avoir, obtenir;∎ where did you get that book? où avez-vous trouvé ce livre?;∎ they got him a job ils lui ont trouvé du travail;∎ I got the job! ils m'ont embauché!;∎ can you get them the report? pouvez-vous leur procurer le rapport?;∎ I got the idea from a book j'ai trouvé l'idée dans un livre;∎ I got a glimpse of her face j'ai pu apercevoir son visage;∎ you get a fine view from here il y a une vue magnifique d'ici;∎ I've got six more to get (in collection) il m'en manque six;∎ the town gets its water from the reservoir la ville reçoit son eau du réservoir;∎ we get our wine directly from the vineyard en vin ou pour le vin, nous nous fournissons directement chez le producteur;∎ they stopped in town to get some lunch (had lunch there) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour déjeuner; (bought something to eat) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour acheter de quoi déjeuner;∎ I'm going out to get a breath of fresh air je sors prendre l'air;∎ I'm going to get something to drink/eat (fetch) je vais chercher quelque chose à boire/manger; (consume) je vais boire/manger quelque chose;∎ can I get a coffee? je pourrais avoir un café, s'il vous plaît?;∎ get yourself a good lawyer trouvez-vous un bon avocat;∎ get advice from your doctor demandez conseil à votre médecin;∎ I need all the advice I can get j'ai besoin de tous les conseils qu'on peut me donner;∎ to get (oneself) a wife/husband se trouver une femme/un mari;∎ to get sb to oneself avoir qn pour soi tout seul;∎ to get a divorce obtenir le divorce;∎ get plenty of exercise faites beaucoup d'exercice;∎ get plenty of sleep dormez beaucoup;∎ try and get a few days off work essayez de prendre quelques jours de congé;∎ I'll do it if I get the time/a moment je le ferai si j'ai le temps/si je trouve un moment;∎ I got a lot from or out of my trip to China mon voyage en Chine m'a beaucoup apporté;∎ she got very little from her lessons elle a très peu appris de ses leçons;∎ he didn't get a chance to introduce himself il n'a pas eu l'occasion de se présenter(c) (inherit → characteristic) tenir;∎ she gets her shyness from her father elle tient sa timidité de son père(d) (obtain in exchange) recevoir;∎ they got a lot of money for their flat la vente de leur appartement leur a rapporté beaucoup d'argent;∎ they got a good price for the painting le tableau s'est vendu à un bon prix;∎ what did you get for your car? combien est-ce que tu as vendu ta voiture?;∎ he got nothing for his trouble il s'est donné de la peine pour rien;∎ you don't get something for nothing on n'a rien pour rien(e) (offer as gift) offrir, donner;∎ what did she get him for Christmas? qu'est-ce qu'elle lui a offert ou donné pour Noël?;∎ I don't know what to get Jill for her birthday je ne sais pas quoi acheter à Jill pour son anniversaire∎ get your father a magazine when you go out achète une revue à ton père quand tu sortiras;∎ get the paper too prends ou achète le journal aussi;∎ we got the house cheap on a eu la maison (à) bon marché(g) (learn → information, news) recevoir, apprendre;∎ we turned on the radio to get the news nous avons allumé la radio pour écouter les informations;∎ she just got news or word of the accident elle vient juste d'apprendre la nouvelle de l'accident;∎ he broke down when he got the news en apprenant la nouvelle il a fondu en larmes∎ multiply 5 by 2 and you get 10 multipliez 5 par 2 et vous obtenez 10∎ plumbers get £20 an hour un plombier gagne ou touche 20 livres de l'heure;∎ he got a good name or a reputation as an architect il s'est fait une réputation dans le milieu de l'architecture;∎ someone's trying to get your attention (calling) quelqu'un vous appelle; (waving) quelqu'un vous fait signe(j) (bring, fetch) (aller) chercher;∎ he went and got a book from the library il est allé chercher un livre à la bibliothèque;∎ go and get a doctor allez chercher un médecin;∎ get me my coat va me chercher ou apporte-moi mon manteau;∎ we had to get a doctor nous avons dû faire venir un médecin;∎ he went to get a taxi il est parti chercher un taxi;∎ what can I get you to drink? qu'est-ce que je vous sers à boire?;∎ can I get you anything? (to somebody ill etc) est-ce que vous avez besoin de quelque chose?;∎ they sent him to get help ils l'ont envoyé chercher de l'aide∎ did you get your train? est-ce que tu as eu ton train?∎ the Mounties always get their man la police montée attrape toujours son homme (au Canada);∎ he got me by the arm il m'a attrapé par le bras;∎ the dog got him by the leg le chien l'a attrapé à la jambe;∎ (I've) got you! je te tiens!(m) (book, reserve) réserver, retenir;∎ we're trying to get a flight to Budapest nous essayons de réserver un vol pour Budapest(n) (answer → door, telephone) répondre;∎ the doorbell's ringing - I'll get it! quelqu'un sonne à la porte - j'y vais!;∎ will you get the phone? peux-tu répondre au téléphone?B.(a) (become ill with) attraper;∎ he got a chill il a pris ou attrapé froid;∎ I get a headache when I drink red wine le vin rouge me donne mal à la tête;∎ familiar to get it bad for sb avoir qn dans la peau∎ I got the feeling something horrible would happen j'ai eu l'impression ou le pressentiment que quelque chose d'horrible allait arriver;∎ I get the impression he doesn't like me j'ai l'impression que je ne lui plais pas;∎ to get a thrill out of sth/doing sth prendre plaisir à qch/faire qch;∎ familiar to get religion devenir croyant□∎ you get some odd people on these tours il y a de drôles de gens dans ces voyages organisés;∎ you get a lot of people marrying young here il y a beaucoup de gens qui se marient jeunes par ici;∎ we don't get many accidents here nous n'avons pas beaucoup d'accidents par iciC.(a) (with adj or past participle) (cause to be) she managed to get the window closed/open elle a réussi à fermer/ouvrir la fenêtre;∎ I got the car started j'ai démarré la voiture;∎ don't get your feet wet! ne te mouille pas les pieds!;∎ get the suitcases ready préparez les bagages;∎ the children are getting themselves ready for school les enfants se préparent pour (aller à) l'école;∎ I finally got her on her own or alone j'ai fini par réussir à la voir en tête à tête;∎ we managed to get him in a good mood nous avons réussi à le mettre de bonne humeur;∎ they've got me so I don't know whether I'm coming or going c'en est à un tel point que je ne sais plus où j'en suis;∎ to get people interested (in sth) intéresser les gens (à qch);∎ let me get this clear que ce soit bien clair;∎ to get things under control prendre les choses en main;∎ he likes his bath as hot as he can get it il aime que son bain soit aussi chaud que possible;∎ the flat is as clean as I'm going to get it j'ai nettoyé l'appartement le mieux que j'ai pu;∎ he got himself nominated president il s'est fait nommer président;∎ don't get yourself all worked up ne t'en fais pas(b) (with infinitive) (cause to do or carry out) we couldn't get her to leave on n'a pas pu la faire partir;∎ get him to move the car demande-lui de déplacer la voiture;∎ I got it to work, I got it working j'ai réussi à le faire marcher;∎ we have to get the government to tighten up on pollution control il faut que l'on obtienne du gouvernement qu'il renforce les lois contre la pollution;∎ he got the other members to agree il a réussi à obtenir l'accord des autres membres;∎ I can always get someone else to do it je peux toujours le faire faire par quelqu'un d'autre;∎ I got her to talk about life in China je lui ai demandé de parler de la vie en Chine;∎ they can't get the landlord to fix the roof ils n'arrivent pas à obtenir du propriétaire qu'il fasse réparer le toit;∎ how do you get jasmine to grow indoors? comment peut-on faire pousser du jasmin à l'intérieur?(c) (with past participle) (cause to be done or carried out) to get sth done/repaired faire faire/réparer qch;∎ to get one's hair cut se faire couper les cheveux;∎ I didn't get anything done today je n'ai rien fait aujourd'hui;∎ it's impossible to get anything done around here (by oneself) il est impossible de faire quoi que ce soit ici; (by someone else) il est impossible d'obtenir quoi que ce soit ici(d) (cause to come, go, move)∎ how are you going to get this package to them? comment allez-vous leur faire parvenir ce paquet?;∎ they eventually got all the boxes downstairs/upstairs ils ont fini par descendre/monter toutes leurs boîtes;∎ I managed to get the old man downstairs/upstairs j'ai réussi à faire descendre/monter le vieil homme;∎ I managed to get him away from the others j'ai réussi à l'éloigner des autres;∎ get him away from me débarrassez-moi de lui;∎ can you get me home? pouvez-vous me raccompagner?;∎ they got her to the airport on time ils l'ont amenée à l'aéroport à l'heure;∎ his friends managed to get him home ses amis ont réussi à le ramener (à la maison);∎ how are we going to get the bike home? comment est-ce qu'on va ramener le vélo à la maison?;∎ I got a message to them je leur ai fait parvenir un message;∎ he can't get the children to bed il n'arrive pas à mettre les enfants au lit;∎ I can't get my boots off/on je n'arrive pas à enlever/mettre mes bottes;∎ we couldn't get the bed through the door nous n'avons pas pu faire passer le lit par la porte;∎ figurative where has all this got us? où est-ce que tout ça nous a menés?;∎ this is getting us nowhere ça ne nous mène nulle part, ça ne nous mène à rien;∎ that won't get you very far! ça ne te servira pas à grand-chose!, tu ne seras pas beaucoup plus avancé!D.(a) (prepare → meal, drink) préparer;∎ he's in the kitchen getting dinner il est à la cuisine en train de préparer le dîner;∎ who's going to get the children breakfast? qui va préparer le petit déjeuner pour les enfants?;∎ she got herself some breakfast elle s'est préparé un petit déjeuner(b) (hear correctly) entendre, saisir;∎ I didn't get his name je n'ai pas saisi son nom∎ I got her father on the phone j'ai parlé à son père ou j'ai eu son père au téléphone;∎ I couldn't get her at the office je n'ai pas pu l'avoir au bureau;∎ did you get the number you wanted? avez-vous obtenu le numéro que vous vouliez?;∎ get me extension 3500 passez-moi ou donnez-moi le poste 3500∎ I don't get it, I don't get the point je ne comprends ou ne saisis pas, je n'y suis pas du tout;∎ I don't get you or your meaning je ne comprends pas ce que vous voulez dire;∎ if you get my meaning si tu vois ce que je veux dire□ ;∎ don't get me wrong comprenez-moi bien;∎ I think he's got the message now je crois qu'il a compris maintenant;∎ I don't get the joke je ne vois pas ce qui est (si) drôle□ ;∎ get it?, get me?, get my drift? tu saisis?, tu piges?;∎ (I've) got it! ça y est!□, j'y suis!□ ;∎ oh, I get you! ah! j'ai pigé!(e) (take note of) remarquer;∎ did you get his address? lui avez-vous demandé son adresse?∎ get him! who does he think he is? vise un peu ce mec, mais pour qui il se prend?;∎ get (a load of) that! vise un peu ça!∎ get a load of this! écoute un peu ça!;∎ get him! écoute-le, celui-là!;E.∎ she got him in the face with a pie elle lui a jeté une tarte à la crème à la figure;∎ the bullet got him in the back il a pris la balle ou la balle l'a atteint dans le dos;∎ a car got him il a été tué par une voiture∎ everyone's out to get me tout le monde est après moi∎ we'll get you for this! on te revaudra ça!;∎ I'll get him for that! je lui revaudrai ça!∎ the pain gets me in the back j'ai des douleurs dans le dos□∎ that song really gets me cette chanson me fait vraiment quelque chose∎ you've got me there alors là, aucune idée∎ it really gets me when you're late qu'est-ce que ça peut m'énerver quand tu es en retard!∎ to get sth by heart apprendre qch par cœur∎ to get sb with child faire un enfant à qn∎ he got his in Vietnam il est mort au Viêt Nam□A.∎ I'm getting hungry/thirsty je commence à avoir faim/soif;∎ get dressed! habille-toi!;∎ to get fat grossir;∎ to get married se marier;∎ to get divorced divorcer;∎ don't get lost! ne vous perdez pas!;∎ how did that vase get broken? comment se fait-il que ce vase soit cassé?;∎ he got so he didn't want to go out any more il en est arrivé à ne plus vouloir sortir;∎ to get old vieillir;∎ it's getting late il se fait tard;∎ this is getting boring ça devient ennuyeux;∎ to get used to sth/doing sth s'habituer à qch/à faire qch;∎ familiar will you get with it! mais réveille-toi un peu!∎ to get elected se faire élire, être élu;∎ suppose he gets killed et s'il se fait tuer?;∎ to get drowned se noyer;∎ we got paid last week on a été payés la semaine dernière;∎ I'm always getting invited to parties on m'invite toujours à des soirées∎ let's get going or moving! (let's leave) allons-y!; (let's hurry) dépêchons(-nous)!, grouillons-nous!; (let's start to work) au travail!;∎ I'll get going on that right away je m'y mets tout de suite;∎ I can't seem to get going today je n'arrive pas à m'activer aujourd'hui;∎ she got talking to the neighbours elle s'est mise à discuter avec les voisins;∎ we got talking about racism nous en sommes venus à parler de racisme;∎ he got to thinking about it il s'est mis à réfléchir à la questionB.∎ when did you get home? quand es-tu rentré?;∎ it's nice to get home ça fait du bien de rentrer chez soi;∎ how do you get to the museum? comment est-ce qu'on fait pour aller au musée?;∎ how did you get in here? comment êtes-vous entré?;∎ they should get here today ils devraient arriver ici aujourd'hui;∎ how did you get here? comment es-tu venu?;∎ how did that bicycle get here? comment se fait-il que ce vélo se trouve ici?;∎ I took the train from Madrid to get there j'ai pris le train de Madrid pour y aller;∎ she's successful now but it took her a while to get there elle a une bonne situation maintenant, mais ça ne s'est pas fait du jour au lendemain;∎ he got as far as buying the tickets il est allé jusqu'à acheter les billets;∎ I'd hoped things wouldn't get this far j'avais espéré qu'on n'en arriverait pas là;∎ are you getting anywhere with that report? il avance, ce rapport?;∎ now you're getting somewhere! enfin tu avances!;∎ I'm not getting anywhere or I'm getting nowhere with this project je fais du surplace avec ce projet;∎ we're not getting anywhere with this meeting cette réunion est une perte de temps;∎ she won't get anywhere or she'll get nowhere if she's rude to people elle n'arrivera à rien en étant grossière avec les gens;∎ where's your sister got to? où est passée ta sœur?;∎ where did my keys get to? où sont passées mes clés?∎ he got along the ledge as best he could il a avancé le long du rebord du mieux qu'il pouvait;∎ she got behind a tree elle s'est mise derrière un arbre;∎ to get into bed se coucher;∎ get in or into the car! monte dans la voiture!;∎ get over here! viens ici!;∎ we couldn't get past the truck nous ne pouvions pas passer le camion∎ each city is getting to look like another toutes les grandes villes commencent à se ressembler;∎ to get to know sb apprendre à connaître qn;∎ we got to like her husband nous nous sommes mis à apprécier ou à aimer son mari;∎ you'll get to like it in the end ça finira par te plaire;∎ his father got to hear of the rumours son père a fini par entendre les rumeurs;∎ he's getting to be known il commence à être connu, il se fait connaître;∎ they got to talking about the past ils en sont venus ou ils se sont mis à parler du passé∎ it's getting to be impossible to find a flat ça devient impossible de trouver un appartement;∎ she may get to be president one day elle pourrait devenir ou être président un jour;∎ they got to be friends ils sont devenus amis∎ we never got to see that film nous n'avons jamais réussi à ou nous ne sommes jamais arrivés à voir ce film;∎ I didn't get to speak to him in person je n'ai pas pu lui parler en personne∎ he never gets to stay up late on ne le laisse jamais se coucher tard□ ;∎ I never get to drive on ne me laisse jamais conduire□∎ get! fous le camp!, tire-toi!3 nounfamiliar (in tennis) beau retour□ m(a) (be up and about, move around) se déplacer;∎ how do you get about town? comment vous déplacez-vous en ville?;∎ she gets about on crutches/in a wheelchair elle se déplace avec des béquilles/en chaise roulante;∎ I don't get about much these days je ne me déplace pas beaucoup ces temps-ci∎ I get about quite a bit in my job je suis assez souvent en déplacement pour mon travail∎ she certainly gets about elle connaît beaucoup de monde(d) (story, rumour) se répandre, circuler;∎ the news or it got about that they were splitting up la nouvelle de leur séparation s'est répandue(a) (succeed in crossing) traverser, passer;∎ the river was flooded but we managed to get across la rivière était en crue mais nous avons réussi à traverser∎ our message is not getting across notre message ne passe pas(a) (over water, street → person) faire traverser;∎ we couldn't get the supplies across (across the river) nous ne pouvions pas faire passer les vivres de l'autre côté;∎ it was easy to get the people across (across the border) il était facile de faire passer les gens(b) (communicate) communiquer;∎ I can't seem to get the idea across to them je n'arrive pas à leur faire comprendre ça;∎ he managed to get his point across il a réussi à faire passer son messagepoursuivre(succeed) réussir, arriver;∎ to get ahead in life or in the world réussir dans la vie;∎ if you want to get ahead at the office, you have to work si tu veux de l'avancement au bureau, il faut que tu travailles(a) (fare, manage) aller;∎ how are you getting along? comment vas-tu?, comment ça va?;∎ she's getting along well in her new job elle se débrouille bien dans son nouveau travail;∎ we can get along without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui(b) (advance, progress) avancer, progresser;∎ the patient is getting along nicely le patient est en bonne voie ou fait des progrès(c) (be on good terms) s'entendre;∎ we get along fine nous nous entendons très bien, nous faisons bon ménage;∎ she doesn't get along with my mother elle ne s'entend pas avec ma mère;∎ she's easy to get along with elle est facile à vivre∎ it's time for me to be getting along, it's time I was getting along il est temps que je parte;∎ I must be getting along to the office il faut que j'aille au bureau;∎ British get along with you! (leave) va-t'en!, fiche le camp!; familiar (I don't believe you) à d'autres!(obstacle, problem) contourner; (law, rule) tourner;∎ there's no getting around it, we'll have to tell her il n'y a pas d'autre moyen, il va falloir que nous le lui disions;∎ there's no getting around the fact that he lied to us il reste qu'il nous a menti∎ she won't get around to reading it before tomorrow elle n'arrivera pas à (trouver le temps de) le lire avant demain;∎ he finally got around to fixing the radiator il a fini par ou il est finalement arrivé à réparer le radiateur;∎ it was some time before I got around to writing to her j'ai mis pas mal de temps avant de lui écrire∎ I've put the pills where the children can't get at them j'ai mis les pilules là où les enfants ne peuvent pas les prendre;∎ familiar just let me get at him! si jamais il me tombe sous la main!(b) (discover) trouver;∎ to get at the truth découvrir la vérité(c) (mean, intend) entendre;∎ I see what you're getting at je vois où vous voulez en venir;∎ just what are you getting at? qu'est-ce que vous entendez par là?, où voulez-vous en venir?;∎ what I'm getting at is why did she leave now? ce que je veux dire, c'est pourquoi est-elle partie maintenant?∎ you're always getting at me tu t'en prends toujours à moi∎ the witnesses had been got at les témoins avaient été achetés➲ get away∎ she has to get away from home/her parents il faut qu'elle parte de chez elle/s'éloigne de ses parents;∎ I was in a meeting and couldn't get away j'étais en réunion et je ne pouvais pas m'échapper ou m'en aller;∎ will you be able to get away at Christmas? allez-vous pouvoir partir (en vacances) à Noël?;∎ to get away from the daily grind échapper au train-train quotidien;∎ get away from it all, come to Florida! quittez tout, venez en Floride!;∎ she's gone off for a couple of weeks to get away from it all elle est partie quelques semaines loin de tout(b) (move away) s'éloigner;∎ get away from that door! éloignez-vous ou écartez-vous de cette porte!;∎ get away from me! fichez-moi le camp!∎ the murderer got away l'assassin s'est échappé;∎ the thief got away with all the jewels le voleur est parti ou s'est sauvé avec tous les bijoux;∎ there's no getting away from or you can't get away from the fact that the other solution would have been cheaper on ne peut pas nier (le fait) que l'autre solution aurait coûté moins cher;∎ you can't get away from it, there's no getting away from it c'est comme ça, on n'y peut rien∎ get away (with you)! à d'autres!(remove → person) emmener;∎ get that child away from the road! éloignez cet enfant de la route!;∎ get me away from here! fais-moi sortir d'ici!;∎ get your dog away from my garden! faites sortir votre chien de mon jardin!;∎ they managed to get him away from the TV ils ont fini par l'arracher de devant la télévision;∎ to get sth away from sb prendre qch à qn∎ he got away with cheating on his taxes personne ne s'est aperçu qu'il avait fraudé le fisc;∎ I can't believe you got away with it! je n'arrive pas à croire que personne ne t'ait rien dit!;∎ he got away with a small fine il s'en est tiré avec une petite amende;∎ that child gets away with murder on laisse tout faire à ce gamin;∎ her skirt is really tiny but she gets away with it sa jupe est vraiment très courte mais elle peut se le permettre➲ get back(a) (move backwards) reculer;∎ get back! éloignez-vous!, reculez!∎ I can't wait to get back home je suis impatient de rentrer (à la maison);∎ get back in bed! va te recoucher!, retourne au lit!;∎ I got back in the car/on the bus je suis remonté dans la voiture/dans le bus;∎ to get back to sleep se rendormir;∎ to get back to work (after break) se remettre au travail; (after holiday, illness) reprendre le travail;∎ things eventually got back to normal les choses ont peu à peu repris leur cours (normal);∎ getting or to get back to the point pour en revenir au sujet qui nous préoccupe;∎ let's get back to your basic reasons for leaving revenons aux raisons pour lesquelles vous voulez partir;∎ I'll get back to you on that (call back) je vous rappelle pour vous dire ce qu'il en est; (discuss again) nous reparlerons de cela plus tard(c) (return to political power) revenir;∎ do you think the Democrats will get back in? croyez-vous que le parti démocrate reviendra au pouvoir?(a) (recover → something lost or lent) récupérer; (→ force, strength) reprendre, récupérer; (→ health, motivation) retrouver;∎ he got his job back il a été repris;∎ I got back nearly all the money I invested j'ai récupéré presque tout l'argent que j'avais investi;∎ you'll have to get your money back from the shop il faut que vous vous fassiez rembourser par le magasin∎ we have to get this book back to her il faut que nous lui rendions ce livre(c) (return to original place) remettre, replacer;∎ I can't get it back in the box je n'arrive pas à le remettre ou le faire rentrer dans le carton;∎ I want to get these suitcases back down to the cellar je veux redescendre ces valises à la cave;∎ he managed to get the children back to bed il a réussi à remettre les enfants au lit∎ to get one's own back (on sb) se venger (de qn)□se venger de;∎ he only said it to get back at him il n'a dit ça que pour se venger de lui(gen) rester à l'arrière, se laisser distancer; Sport se laisser distancer; figurative prendre du retard;∎ he got behind with his work il a pris du retard dans son travail;∎ we mustn't get behind with the rent il ne faut pas qu'on soit en retard pour le loyer(support, sympathize with) appuyer➲ get by∎ let me get by laissez-moi passer(b) (be acceptable) passer, être acceptable;∎ their work just about gets by leur travail est tout juste passable ou acceptable(c) (manage, survive) se débrouiller, s'en sortir;∎ how do you get by on that salary? comment tu te débrouilles ou tu t'en sors avec un salaire comme ça?;∎ they get by as best they can ils se débrouillent ou s'en sortent tant bien que mal;∎ we can get by without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui∎ can you get by the washing machine? est-ce que vous avez assez de place pour passer à côté de la machine à laver?(b) (escape attention of → censor, editor) échapper à;∎ her film got by the censors son film a échappé à l'attention de la censure➲ get downdescendre;∎ get down off that chair! descends de cette chaise!;∎ may I get down (from the table)? (leave the table) puis-je sortir de table?;∎ they got down on their knees ils se sont mis à genoux;(a) (bring, fetch down → book from shelf etc) descendre(b) (reduce → temperature, inflation etc) faire baisser;∎ to get one's weight down perdre du poids(c) (write down) noter;∎ I didn't manage to get down what she said je n'ai pas réussi à noter ce qu'elle a dit∎ work is really getting me down at the moment le travail me déprime vraiment en ce moment;∎ this rainy weather gets him down cette pluie lui fiche le cafard;∎ don't let it get you down ne te laisse pas abattrese mettre à;∎ I have to get down to balancing the books il faut que je me mette à faire les comptes;∎ it's not so difficult once you get down to it ce n'est pas si difficile une fois qu'on s'y met;∎ he got down to working on it this morning il s'y est mis ou s'y est attelé ce matin;∎ it's hard getting down to work after the weekend c'est difficile de reprendre le travail après le week-end;∎ we eventually got down to details nous avons fini par en arriver aux détails;∎ when you get down to it, there's very little difference between them en fin de compte, il y a très peu de différence entre eux➲ get in(a) (into building) entrer;∎ the thief got in through the window le cambrioleur est entré par la fenêtre;∎ a car pulled up and she got in une voiture s'est arrêtée et elle est montée dedans;∎ water had got in everywhere l'eau avait pénétré partout(b) (return home) rentrer;∎ we got in about 4 a.m. nous sommes rentrés vers 4 heures du matin∎ what time does your plane get in? à quelle heure ton avion arrive-t-il?(d) (be admitted → to club) se faire admettre; (→ to school, university) entrer, être admis ou reçu;∎ he applied to Oxford but he didn't get in il voulait entrer à Oxford mais il n'a pas pu∎ she got in at the beginning elle est arrivée au début□(g) (interject) glisser;∎ "what about me?" she managed to get in "et moi?" réussit-elle à glisser∎ I hope to get in a bit of reading on holiday j'espère pouvoir lire ou que je trouverai le temps de lire pendant mes vacances;∎ she got in some last-minute revision before the exam elle a réussi à faire des révisions de dernière minute avant l'examen∎ I couldn't get a word in je n'ai pas pu placer un mot, je n'ai pas pu en placer une∎ I must get in some more coal je dois faire une provision de charbon;∎ to get in supplies s'approvisionner∎ shouldn't Elaine be in on this meeting? - of course, could you get her in? on n'a pas besoin d'Elaine pour cette réunion? - si, bien sûr, tu peux lui demander de venir?(f) (hand in, submit) rendre, remettre;∎ did you get your application in on time? as-tu remis ton dossier de candidature à temps?(g) (cause to be admitted → to club, university) faire admettre ou accepter; (cause to be elected) faire élire∎ he got the next round in il a payé la tournée suivante(building) entrer dans; (vehicle) monter dans;∎ he had just got in the door when the phone rang il venait juste d'arriver ou d'entrer quand le téléphone a sonné∎ to get in on a deal prendre part à un marché;∎ to get in on the fun se mettre de la partiefaire participer à;∎ he got me in on the deal il m'a intéressé à l'affaire➲ get into(b) (arrive in) arriver à;∎ we get into Madrid at 3 o'clock nous arrivons à Madrid à 3 heures;∎ the train got into the station le train est entré en gare(c) (put on → dress, shirt, shoes) mettre; (→ trousers, stockings) enfiler, mettre; (→ coat) endosser;∎ she got into her clothes elle a mis ses vêtements ou s'est habillée;∎ can you still get into your jeans? est-ce que tu rentres encore dans ton jean?(d) (be admitted to → club, school, university) entrer dans;∎ he'd like to get into the club il voudrait devenir membre du club;∎ her daughter got into medical school sa fille a été admise dans ou est entrée dans une école de médecine;∎ to get into office être élu∎ he wants to get into politics il veut se lancer dans la politique;∎ they got into a conversation about South Africa ils se sont mis à parler de l'Afrique du Sud;∎ we got into a fight over who had to do the dishes nous nous sommes disputés pour savoir qui devait faire la vaisselle;∎ this is not the moment to get into that ce n'est pas le moment de parler de ça∎ he got into Eastern religions il a commencé à s'intéresser aux religions orientales;∎ it's a hard book to get into c'est un livre dans lequel il est difficile de rentrer □∎ he soon got into her way of doing things il s'est vite fait ou s'est vite mis à sa façon de faire les choses∎ to get into debt s'endetter;∎ he got into a real mess il s'est mis dans un vrai pétrin;∎ the children were always getting into mischief les enfants passaient leur temps à faire des bêtises;∎ I got into a real state about the test j'étais dans tous mes états à cause du test;∎ she got into trouble with the teacher elle a eu des ennuis avec le professeur(i) (cause to act strangely) prendre;∎ what's got into you? qu'est-ce qui te prend?, quelle mouche te pique?;∎ I wonder what got into him to make him act like that je me demande ce qui l'a poussé à réagir comme ça∎ to get sth into sth (faire) (r)entrer qch dans qch;∎ to get the key into the lock mettre ou introduire la clef dans la serrure;∎ to get an article into a paper faire accepter un article par un journal;∎ to get an idea into one's head se mettre une idée en tête;∎ familiar when will you get it into your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?□∎ he got his friend into the club il a permis à son ami de devenir membre du club;∎ the president got his son into Harvard le président a fait entrer ou accepter ou admettre son fils à Harvard∎ she got herself into a terrible state elle s'est mis dans tous ses états;∎ he got them into a lot of trouble il leur a attiré de gros ennuis(d) (involve in) impliquer dans, entraîner dans;∎ you're the one who got us into this c'est toi qui nous as embarqués dans cette histoire(e) familiar (make interested in) faire découvrir□ ; (accustom to) habituer à□, faire prendre l'habitude de□ ;∎ he got me into jazz il m'a initié au jazz□(a) (ingratiate oneself with) s'insinuer dans ou s'attirer les bonnes grâces de, se faire bien voir de;∎ they tried to get in with the new director ils ont essayé de se faire bien voir du nouveau directeur(b) (associate with → person, group etc) fréquenter;∎ he has got in with a new gang il n'est pas plus avec la même bande;∎ she got in with the wrong crowd at school elle avait de mauvaises fréquentations à l'école➲ get off(a) (leave bus, train etc) descendre;∎ get off at the next stop descendez au prochain arrêt;∎ familiar I told him where to get off! je l'ai envoyé sur les roses!, je l'ai envoyé promener!;∎ familiar where do you get off telling me what to do? qu'est-ce qui te prend de me dicter ce que je dois faire?(b) (depart → person) s'en aller, partir; (→ car) démarrer; (→ plane) décoller; (→ letter, parcel) partir;∎ I have to be getting off to work il faut que j'aille au travail;∎ figurative the project got off to a bad/good start le projet a pris un mauvais/bon départ∎ what time do you get off? à quelle heure finissez-vous?;∎ can you get off early tomorrow? peux-tu quitter le travail de bonne heure demain?(d) (escape punishment) s'en sortir, s'en tirer, en être quitte;∎ she didn't think she'd get off so lightly elle n'espérait pas s'en tirer à si bon compte;∎ the students got off with a fine/warning les étudiants en ont été quittes pour une amende/un avertissement(e) (let go of something) lâcher;∎ hey! get off! that's MY book! hé! laisse ça! c'est mon livre ou c'est à moi ce livre!(f) (go to sleep) s'endormir(a) (leave → bus, train, plane etc) descendre de(b) (descend from → bike, wall, chair etc) descendre de;∎ he got off his horse il est descendu de cheval;∎ if only the boss would get off my back si seulement le patron me fichait la paix(c) (depart from) partir de, décamper de;∎ get off my property fichez le camp de chez moi;∎ get off the grass! ne marche pas sur la pelouse!;∎ we got off the road to let the ambulance pass nous sommes sortis de la route pour laisser passer l'ambulance∎ get off me! laisse-moi tranquille!, lâche-moi!∎ she managed to get off work elle a réussi à se libérer;∎ how did you get off doing the housework? comment as-tu fait pour échapper au ménage?(a) (cause to leave, climb down) faire descendre;∎ get the cat off the table fais descendre le chat de (sur) la table;∎ the conductor got the passengers off the train le conducteur a fait descendre les passagers du train;∎ figurative try to get her mind off her troubles essaie de lui changer les idées∎ I want to get this letter off je veux expédier cette lettre ou mettre cette lettre à la poste;∎ she got the boys off to school elle a expédié ou envoyé les garçons à l'école;∎ we got him off on the morning train nous l'avons mis au train du matin∎ I can't get this ink off my hands je n'arrive pas à faire partir cette encre de mes mains;∎ get your hands off that cake! ne touche pas à ce gâteau!;∎ get your hands off me! ne me touche pas!;∎ get your feet off the table! enlève tes pieds de sur la table!;∎ figurative he'd like to get that house off his hands il aimerait bien se débarrasser de cette maison∎ he'll need a good lawyer to get him off il lui faudra un bon avocat pour se tirer d'affaire;∎ to get sb off doing sth dispenser qn de faire qch(e) (put to sleep) endormir;∎ I've just managed to get the baby off (to sleep) je viens de réussir à endormir le bébé∎ to get a day/week off prendre un jour/une semaine de congé;∎ can you get tomorrow afternoon/next week off? est-ce que tu peux prendre un congé demain après-midi/la semaine prochaine?∎ to get sth off sb obtenir qch de qn;∎ I got that story off the woman next door je tiens cette histoire de la voisine;∎ I got this cold off the woman next door la voisine m'a passé son rhume∎ he gets off on pornographic films il prend son pied en regardant des films pornos;∎ is that what you get off on? c'est comme ça que tu prends ton pied?;∎ figurative he gets off on teasing people il adore taquiner les gens□ ;∎ I really get off on hip-hop! j'adore le hip-hop!□∎ he gets off on heroin il se défonce à l'héroïne∎ to get off with sb faire une touche avec qn➲ get on(b) (fare, manage)∎ how's your husband getting on? comment va votre mari?;∎ how did he get on at the interview? comment s'est passé son entretien?, comment ça a marché pour son entretien?;∎ you'll get on far better if you think about it first tout ira mieux si tu réfléchis avant(c) (make progress) avancer, progresser;∎ Jennifer is getting on very well in maths Jennifer se débrouille très bien en maths;∎ how's your work getting on? ça avance, ton travail?∎ to get on in life or in the world faire son chemin ou réussir dans la vie;∎ some say that in order to get on, you often have to compromise il y a des gens qui disent que pour réussir (dans la vie), il faut souvent faire des compromis(e) (continue) continuer;∎ we must be getting on il faut que nous partions;∎ do you think we can get on with the meeting now? croyez-vous que nous puissions poursuivre notre réunion maintenant?;∎ get on with your work! allez! au travail!;∎ they got on with the job ils se sont remis au travail(f) (be on good terms) s'entendre;∎ my mother and I get on well je m'entends bien avec ma mère;∎ they don't get on ils ne s'entendent pas;∎ she's never got on with him elle ne s'est jamais entendue avec lui;∎ to be difficult/easy to get on with être difficile/facile à vivre(g) (grow late → time)∎ time's getting on il se fait tard;∎ it was getting on in the evening, the evening was getting on la soirée tirait à sa fin(h) (grow old → person) se faire vieux (vieille);∎ she's getting on (in years) elle commence à se faire vieille∎ get on with it! (continue speaking) continuez!; (continue working) allez! au travail!; (hurry up) mais dépêchez-vous enfin!;∎ familiar get on with you! (I don't believe you) à d'autres!(bus, train) monter dans; (plane) monter dans, monter à bord de; (ship) monter à bord de; (bed, horse, table, bike) monter sur;∎ he got on his bike il est monté sur ou il a enfourché son vélo;∎ get on your feet levez-vous, mettez-vous debout;∎ how did these papers get on my desk? comment est-ce que ces papiers se sont retrouvés ou sont arrivés sur mon bureau?;∎ figurative it took the patient a while to get (back) on his feet le patient a mis longtemps à se remettre∎ they got him on his feet ils l'ont mis debout;∎ figurative the doctor got her on her feet le médecin l'a remise sur pied∎ I can't get these trousers on any more je n'entre plus dans ce pantalon∎ to get it on (get started) s'y mettre□∎ the president is getting on for sixty le président approche de la soixantaine ou a presque soixante ans;∎ it's getting on for midnight il est presque minuit, il n'est pas loin de minuit;∎ it's getting on for three weeks since we saw her ça va faire bientôt trois semaines que nous ne l'avons pas vue;∎ there were getting on for ten thousand demonstrators il n'y avait pas loin ou il y avait près de dix mille manifestants➲ get onto∎ to get onto a subject or onto a topic aborder un sujet;∎ how did we get onto reincarnation? comment est-ce qu'on en est venus à parler de réincarnation?;∎ I'll get right onto it! je vais m'y mettre tout de suite!(c) (contact) prendre contact avec, se mettre en rapport avec; (speak to) parler à; (call) téléphoner à, donner un coup de fil à∎ the plan worked well until the police got onto it le plan marchait bien jusqu'à ce que la police tombe dessus(e) (nag, rebuke) harceler;∎ his father is always getting onto him to find a job son père est toujours à le harceler pour qu'il trouve du travail∎ he got onto the school board il a été élu au conseil d'administration de l'école(b) (cause to talk about) faire parler de, amener à parler de;∎ we got him onto (the subject of) his activities in the Resistance nous l'avons amené à parler de ses activités dans la Résistance➲ get out(a) (leave building, room etc) sortir; (leave vehicle) descendre; (leave organization, town) quitter;∎ he got out of the car il est sorti de la voiture;∎ to get out of bed se lever, sortir de son lit;∎ you'd better get out of here tu ferais bien de partir ou sortir;∎ get out! sortez!;∎ to get out while the going is good partir au bon moment∎ they don't get out much ils ne sortent pas beaucoup(c) (be released from prison, hospital) sortir(d) (information, news) se répandre, s'ébruiter;∎ the secret got out le secret a été éventé∎ the prisoner got out of his cell le prisonnier s'est échappé de sa cellule;∎ he was lucky to get out alive il a eu de la chance de s'en sortir vivant∎ theaters were getting out les gens sortaient des théâtres∎ to get a book out from the library emprunter un livre à la bibliothèque(c) (speak with difficulty) prononcer, sortir;∎ I could barely get a word out c'est à peine si je pouvais dire ou prononcer ou sortir un mot;∎ familiar to get out from under s'en sortir□, s'en tirer□(d) (free → hostages etc) libérer∎ let's get out of here partons d'ici;∎ he managed to get out of the country (criminal, refugee) il a réussi à quitter le pays;∎ to get out of bed se lever;∎ to get out of prison/the army sortir de prison/quitter l'armée;∎ to get out of sb's way s'écarter du chemin de qn, faire place à qn;∎ very familiar get the hell out of here! fiche(-moi) le camp!∎ how did you get out of doing the dishes? comment as-tu pu échapper à la vaisselle?;∎ he tried to get out of helping me il a essayé de se débrouiller pour ne pas devoir m'aider;∎ we have to go, there's no getting out of it il faut qu'on y aille, il n'y a rien à faire ou il n'y a pas moyen d'y échapper;∎ there's no getting out of it, you were the better candidate il faut le reconnaître ou il n'y a pas à dire, vous étiez le meilleur candidat∎ to get out of trouble se tirer d'affaire;∎ they managed to get out of the clutches of the mafia ils ont réussi à se tirer des griffes de la mafia;∎ how can I get out of this mess? comment puis-je me tirer de ce pétrin?∎ to get out of (the habit of) doing sth perdre l'habitude de faire qch(a) (take out of) sortir de;∎ get the baby out of the house every now and then sors le bébé de temps en temps;∎ she got a handkerchief out of her handbag elle a sorti un mouchoir de son sac à main;∎ how many books did you get out of the library? combien de livres as-tu emprunté à ou sorti de la bibliothèque?∎ the lawyer got his client out of jail l'avocat a fait sortir son client de prison;∎ figurative the phone call got her out of having to talk to me le coup de fil lui a évité d'avoir à me parler;∎ he'll never get himself out of this one! il ne s'en sortira jamais!;∎ my confession got him out of trouble ma confession l'a tiré d'affaire(c) (extract → cork) sortir de; (→ nail, splinter) enlever de; (→ stain) faire partir de, enlever de;∎ I can't get the cork out of the bottle je n'arrive pas à déboucher la bouteille;∎ the police got a confession/the truth out of him la police lui a arraché une confession/la vérité;∎ we got the money out of him nous avons réussi à obtenir l'argent de lui;∎ I can't get anything out of him je ne peux rien tirer de lui;∎ I can't get the idea out of my mind je ne peux pas chasser cette idée de mon esprit(d) (gain from) gagner, retirer;∎ to get a lot out of sth tirer (un) grand profit de qch;∎ I didn't get much out of that class ce cours ne m'a pas apporté grand-chose, je n'ai pas retiré grand-chose de ce cours;∎ the job was difficult but she got something out of it la tâche était difficile, mais elle y a trouvé son compte ou en a tiré profit➲ get over(b) (recover from → illness) se remettre de, guérir de; (→ accident) se remettre de; (→ loss) se remettre de, se consoler de;∎ I'll never get over her je ne l'oublierai jamais;∎ he can't get over her death il n'arrive pas à se remettre de sa mort ou disparition;∎ we couldn't get over our surprise nous n'arrivions pas à nous remettre de notre surprise;∎ I can't get over how much he's grown! qu'est-ce qu'il a grandi, je n'en reviens pas!;∎ I can't get over it! je n'en reviens pas!;∎ he couldn't get over the fact that she had come back il n'en revenait pas qu'elle soit revenue;∎ I can't get over your having refused je n'en reviens pas que vous ayez refusé;∎ he'll get over it! il n'en mourra pas!∎ they soon got over their shyness ils ont vite oublié ou surmonté leur timidité(a) (cause to cross) faire traverser(b) (communicate → idea, message) faire passer∎ to get over to France/America aller en France/Amérique;∎ we'll try to get over next weekend (to visit) nous essayerons de venir vous voir le week-end prochain(b) (idea, message) passer(finish with) en finir avec;∎ let's get it over with finissons-en;∎ I expect you'll be glad to get it over with j'imagine que vous serez soulagé quand ce sera terminé∎ (bring, take) I'll get the books round (to you) as soon as I can je t'apporterai les livres dès que je le pourrai(b) the doctor said she'd get round as soon as she could le docteur a dit qu'elle viendrait ou passerait dès qu'elle pourrait;∎ I didn't manage to get round to each pupil in the class je n'ai pas réussi à m'occuper de chaque élève de la classe(a) (reach destination) parvenir;∎ the road was blocked and no one could get through la route était bloquée et personne ne pouvait passer;∎ they managed to get through to the wounded ils ont réussi à parvenir jusqu'aux blessés;∎ the letter got through to her la lettre lui est parvenue;∎ the message didn't get through le message n'est pas arrivé;∎ despite the crowds, I managed to get through malgré la foule, j'ai réussi à passer∎ the team got through to the final l'équipe s'est classée pour la finale(c) (bill, motion) passer, être adopté ou voté(d) (make oneself understood) se faire comprendre;∎ I can't seem to get through to her elle et moi ne sommes pas sur la même longueur d'onde∎ I can't get through to his office je n'arrive pas à avoir son bureau∎ call me when you get through appelez-moi quand vous aurez ou avez fini(a) (come through → hole, window) passer par; (→ crowd) se frayer un chemin à travers ou dans; (→ military lines) percer, franchir∎ he got through it alive il s'en est sorti (vivant)∎ I got through an enormous amount of work j'ai abattu beaucoup de travail;∎ it took us one week to get through the entire play il nous a fallu une semaine pour venir à bout de la pièce(d) (consume, use up) consommer, utiliser;∎ we get through a litre of olive oil a week nous utilisons un litre d'huile d'olive par semaine;∎ they got through their monthly salary in one week en une semaine ils avaient dépensé tout leur salaire du mois;∎ he gets through eight shirts a week il salit huit chemises par semaine;∎ we'll never get through all this food nous ne viendrons jamais à bout de toute cette nourriture(e) (endure, pass → time) faire passer;∎ how will I get through this without you? comment pourrai-je vivre cette épreuve sans toi?;∎ they got through the day without a single argument ils ne se sont pas disputés une seule fois de toute la journée;∎ the Government may have difficulty getting through another six months le gouvernement aura peut-être du mal à tenir encore six mois(g) (of bill, motion) passer;∎ the bill got through both Houses le projet de loi a été adopté par les deux Chambres(a) (transport, send successfully) faire parvenir;∎ they got the food supplies through ils ont réussi à faire parvenir les provisions alimentaires (à destination);∎ to get sth through customs (faire) passer qch à la douane;∎ you'll never get that desk through tu n'arriveras jamais à faire passer ce bureau(b) (transmit → message) faire passer, transmettre, faire parvenir;∎ can you get this letter through to my family? pouvez-vous transmettre ou faire parvenir cette lettre à ma famille?∎ I finally got it through to him that I wasn't interested j'ai fini par lui faire comprendre que je n'étais pas intéressé;∎ familiar when will you get it through your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?□(d) (bill, motion) faire adopter, faire passer;∎ the party got the bill through the Senate le parti a fait voter ou adopter le projet de loi par le Sénat∎ it was your essay that got you through (the exam) c'est grâce à ta dissertation que tu as réussi l'examen∎ I need four cups of coffee to get me through the day il me faut mes quatre tasses de café par jourterminer, finir∎ where have you got to? (in book, work) où en es-tu?;∎ it got to the point where he couldn't walk another step il en est arrivé au point de ne plus pouvoir faire un pas(b) (deal with) s'occuper de;∎ I'll get to you in a minute je suis à toi ou je m'occupe de toi dans quelques secondes;∎ he'll get to it tomorrow il va s'en occuper demain∎ that music really gets to me (moves me) cette musique me touche vraiment□ ; (annoys me) cette musique me tape sur le système;∎ don't let it get to you! ne t'énerve pas pour ça!∎ can we get together after the meeting? on peut se retrouver après la réunion?(b) (reach an agreement) se mettre d'accord;∎ the committee got together on the date les membres du comité se sont entendus ou se sont mis d'accord sur la date;∎ you'd better get together with him on the proposal vous feriez bien de vous entendre avec lui au sujet de la proposition∎ to get some money together réunir une somme d'argent;∎ let me get my thoughts together laissez-moi rassembler mes idées;∎ familiar to get one's act together se secouer;∎ familiar she's really got it together (in life) elle sait ce qu'elle fait□ ; (in job etc) elle domine son sujet□ ;∎ familiar I never thought he would get it together je n'aurais jamais pensé qu'il y arriverait□➲ get up(a) (arise from bed) se lever;∎ it was 6 o'clock when we got up il était 6 heures quand nous nous sommes levés;∎ I like to get up late on Sundays j'aime faire la grasse matinée le dimanche;∎ get up! sors du lit!, debout!, lève-toi!(b) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ she had to get up from her chair elle a été obligée de se lever de sa chaise;∎ to get up from the table se lever ou sortir de table;∎ get up off the floor! relève-toi!;∎ please don't bother getting up restez assis, je vous prie(c) (climb up) monter;∎ they got up on the roof ils sont montés sur le toit;∎ she got up behind him on the motorcycle elle est montée derrière lui sur la moto∎ get up! allez!∎ how are we going to get this desk up to the fifth floor? comment allons-nous monter ce bureau jusqu'au cinquième étage?;∎ to get sb up the stairs (help climb) aider qn à monter l'escalier(c) (generate, work up)∎ to get up speed gagner de la vitesse;∎ to get one's courage up rassembler son courage;∎ I can't get up any enthusiasm for the job je n'arrive pas à éprouver d'enthousiasme pour ce travail(d) familiar (organize → entertainment, party) organiser□, monter□ ; (→ petition) organiser□ ; (→ play) monter□ ; (→ excuse, story) fabriquer□, forger□∎ their children are always so nicely got up leurs enfants sont toujours si bien habillés;∎ to get oneself up se mettre sur son trente et un∎ to get it up bander∎ he gets up to all kinds of mischief il fait des tas de bêtises;∎ what have you been getting up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens?∎ I've got up to chapter 5 j'en suis au chapitre 5;∎ where have you got up to? (in book, work) où en êtes-vous? -
99 home
home [həʊm]maison ⇒ 1 (a) chez-soi ⇒ 1 (a) foyer ⇒ 1 (b) patrie ⇒ 1 (c) habitat ⇒ 1 (d) arrivée ⇒ 1 (f) début ⇒ 1 (g) chez soi ⇒ 2 (a) au pays natal ⇒ 2 (b) à fond ⇒ 2 (c) familial ⇒ 3 (a) à/pour la maison ⇒ 3 (b) national ⇒ 3 (c), 3 (d)1 noun∎ I've come straight from home je viens (directement) de chez moi;∎ a home from home un second chez-soi;∎ I left home at sixteen j'ai quitté la maison à seize ans;∎ her home is not far from mine sa maison n'est pas loin de chez moi;∎ he insulted me in my own home! il m'a insulté sous mon propre toit!;∎ to have a home of one's own avoir un foyer ou un chez-soi;∎ how long has he been missing from home? depuis combien de temps a-t-il disparu de la maison?;∎ to be away from home être parti ou absent ou en voyage;∎ he was found far away from home on l'a trouvé loin de chez lui;∎ his home is in Nice il habite Nice;∎ Glasgow is her second home Glasgow est sa deuxième patrie;∎ New York will always be home for me! c'est toujours à New York que je me sentirai chez moi!;∎ when did she make her home in Hollywood? quand s'est-elle installée à Hollywood?;∎ emigrants came to make their homes in Canada des émigrés sont venus s'installer au Canada;∎ to give sb a home recueillir qn chez soi;∎ they sell lovely things for the home ils vendent toutes sortes de très jolis accessoires pour la maison;∎ they have a lovely home! c'est très agréable chez eux!;∎ at home chez soi, à la maison;∎ to stay at home rester à la maison;∎ come and see me at home passez me voir à la maison;∎ formal Mrs Carr is not at home on Mondays Mme Carr ne reçoit pas le lundi;∎ there was nobody at home il n'y avait personne à la maison;∎ make yourself at home faites comme chez vous;∎ he made himself at home in the chair il s'est mis à l'aise dans le fauteuil;∎ I don't feel at home here je me sens dépaysé ici, je ne me sens pas chez moi ici;∎ she feels at home everywhere! elle est à l'aise partout!;∎ to be or to feel at home with sth se sentir à l'aise avec qch;∎ he doesn't yet feel at home with the machine il n'est pas encore à l'aise avec la machine;∎ I work out of or at home je travaille à domicile ou chez moi;∎ familiar what's that when it's at home? qu'est-ce que c'est que ça?;∎ ironic don't you have a home to go to? tu as l'intention de passer la nuit ici?;∎ proverb there's no place like home = on n'est vraiment bien que chez soi;∎ proverb home is where the heart is = où le cœur aime, là est le foyer;∎ home sweet home foyer, doux foyer∎ the father left home le père a abandonné le foyer;∎ to start or to set up a home fonder un foyer;∎ how are things at home? comment ça va chez toi?;∎ are you having problems at home? est-ce que tu as des problèmes chez toi?;∎ a happy home une famille heureuse;∎ he comes from a good home il vient d'une famille comme il faut;∎ good home wanted for three kittens (on notice) je donne trois chatons(c) (native land) patrie f, pays m natal;∎ it's the same at home c'est la même chose chez nous ou dans notre pays;∎ at home and abroad dans notre pays et à l'étranger;∎ figurative this discussion is getting a bit close to home! on aborde un sujet dangereux!;∎ let's look at a situation closer to or nearer home examinons une situation qui nous concerne plus directement;∎ Kentucky, the home of bourbon Kentucky, le pays du bourbon;∎ the home of jazz le berceau du jazz(e) (mental hospital) maison f de repos; (old people's home) maison f de retraite; (children's home) foyer m pour enfants∎ they play better at home ils jouent mieux sur leur terrain;∎ Arsenal are playing at home on Saturday Arsenal joue à domicile samedi;∎ to be at home to recevoir;∎ the Rams meet the Braves at home les Rams jouent à domicile contre les Braves2 adverb(a) (to or at one's house) chez soi, à la maison;∎ to go home rentrer (chez soi ou à la maison);∎ what time did you get home? à quelle heure est-ce que tu es rentré?;∎ I'd better be getting home je crois qu'il est temps que je rentre chez moi;∎ it's on my way home c'est sur mon chemin;∎ she'll be home tonight elle sera à la maison ce soir;∎ American to be home alone être tout seul à la maison;∎ to see sb home raccompagner qn jusque chez lui/elle;∎ to take sb home ramener qn chez lui/elle;∎ Fido, home! Fido, rentre ou à la maison!;∎ familiar it's nothing to write home about ça ne casse rien;(b) (from abroad) au pays natal, au pays;∎ when did you get or come home? quand es-tu rentré?;∎ to send sb home rapatrier qn;∎ the grandparents want to go or to return home les grands-parents veulent rentrer dans leur pays(c) (all the way) à fond;∎ to drive a nail home enfoncer un clou jusqu'au bout;∎ the remark really went home le commentaire a fait mouche;∎ to push home one's advantage profiter au maximum d'un avantage;∎ it will come home to him some day il s'en rendra compte un jour;∎ to bring sth home to sb faire comprendre ou voir qch à qn(a) (concerning family, household → life) de famille, familial; (→ for family consumption) familial, à usage familial(b) (to, for, at one's house) à ou pour la maison∎ to be on home ground (near home) être en pays de connaissance; figurative (familiar subject) être en terrain connuour home ground notre terrain;∎ when they play at their home ground quand ils jouent sur leur terrain, quand ils reçoivent(person, animal) revenir ou rentrer chez soi; (pigeon) revenir au colombierComputing home automation domotique f;Banking home banking banque f à domicile;Obstetrics home birth accouchement m à la maison;home brewing (of beer) fabrication f de bière chez soi; American (illegal distilling) = distillation clandestine d'alcool chez soi;home cleaning products produits mpl ménagers;British home comforts confort m du foyer;Computing home computer ordinateur m familial;Computing home computing informatique f à domicile;home cooking cuisine f familiale;the Home Counties = l'ensemble des comtés limitrophes de Londres, à la population aisée et conservatrice;home country pays m natal;∎ the home country le pays;home decorating décoration f intérieure;home delivery livraison f à domicile;home ec (UNCOUNT) économie f domestique;home economist spécialiste mf d'économie domestique;home front (during war) arrière m;∎ on the home front à l'arrière;∎ what's the news on the home front? (in the home country) quelles sont les nouvelles du pays?;∎ how are things on the home front? (at home) comment ça va à la maison?;home game match m à domicile;British History the Home Guard = section de volontaires de l'armée britannique restée sur le territoire pour le défendre en cas d'invasion;British home help aide f ménagère;home improvements travaux mpl de rénovation;Finance home improvement loan prêt m pour travaux de rénovation;home journey voyage m de retour;Computing home key touche f début;home life vie f de famille;Finance home loan prêt m immobilier, prêt m d'épargne-logement;home movie film m d'amateur;home news nouvelles fpl nationales;Politics the Home Office = le ministère britannique de l'Intérieur;American Commerce home office (of company) siège m social;home owner propriétaire mf;home ownership = fait d'être propriétaire de son logement;∎ home ownership is increasing le nombre des personnes propriétaires de leur logement augmente;Computing home page (initial page) page f d'accueil; (start page in browser) page f d'accueil; (personal page) page f personnelle;Marketing home party selling vente f domiciliaire;home plate Sport (in baseball) bâton m, = plaque qui marque le début et la fin du parcours que doit effectuer le batteur pour marquer un point;Nautical home port port m d'attache;Economics home products produits mpl nationaux ou domestiques;home remedy remède m de bonne femme;Home Rule History (in Ireland) = gouvernement autonome de l'Irlande;home rule (devolution) décentralisation f;home run Sport (in baseball) coup m de circuit (coup de batte qui permet au batteur de marquer un point en faisant un tour complet en une seule fois); figurative (last leg of trip) dernière étape f du circuit;∎ the ship/the delivery truck is on its home run le navire/le camion rentre à son port d'attache/au dépôt;School home schooling scolarisation f à domicile;Politics Home Secretary = ministre de l'Intérieur en Grande-Bretagne;Commerce home shopping téléachat m;figurative British home straight, American home stretch dernière ligne f droite;∎ they're on or in the home straight ils sont dans la dernière ligne droite;Sport home team l'équipe f qui reçoit;home time = heure où l'on rentre à la maison;home town (of birth) ville f natale;∎ (of upbringing) his home town la ville où il a grandi;home truth vérité f désagréable;∎ to tell sb a few home truths dire ses (quatre) vérités à qn;∎ I learnt some home truths about myself j'ai appris quelques vérités désagréables sur moi-même;home video = film vidéo réalisé par un particulier, généralement sur sa vie de famille;∎ to watch sb's home videos regarder les cassettes vidéo filmées par qn;home visit (by doctor) visite f à domicile;home waters (territorial) eaux fpl territoriales; (near home port) eaux fpl voisines du port d'attache;Sport home win victoire f à domicile(a) (of missile) se diriger (automatiquement) sur ou vers; (proceed towards → goal) se diriger vers; figurative mettre le cap sur(b) (direct attention to → problem, solution) mettre l'accent sur; (→ difficulty, question) viser, cerner;∎ I made one mistake and he homed in on it je n'ai fait qu'une seule faute mais il s'est fait un plaisir de me la faire remarquerⓘ HOME RULE On désigne ainsi le régime d'autonomie revendiqué par l'Irlande entre 1870 et 1914. Après plusieurs tentatives, une loi sur l'autonomie partielle fut votée en 1914. La mise en vigueur de cette loi, déjà compromise par l'opposition des protestants unionistes de l'Ulster, fut reportée lorsque la Première Guerre mondiale éclata en août 1914. À la suite de l'insurrection de Pâques à Dublin en 1916, les partisans du "Home Rule" revendiquèrent l'autonomie totale. La guerre pour l'indépendance (1918-21) aboutit au traité anglo-irlandais de 1921, qui établit la partition de l'île entre l'Irlande du Sud qui devenait quasiment indépendante et l'Irlande du Nord qui devait rester rattachée à la Grande-Bretagne.ⓘ Don't try this at home Il s'agit d'un conseil donné aux spectateurs dans les émissions de télévision dans lesquelles figurent des tours dangereux et des cascades. Aujourd'hui, cette formule ("n'essayez pas de faire cela chez vous") est toujours utilisée par les présentateurs de télévision avec une pointe d'ironie et d'une manière plus générale par toute personne qui est sur le point de tenter quelque chose de dangereux. -
100 فتح
فَتَحَ \ conquer: to beat (an enemy) or seize (a country) by force of arms; win a victory over (an opponent at sport, some fault or weakness, etc.): He conquered his fear of water and learnt to swim. open: to make or become open; unfasten or uncover: Please open the door. The door opened suddenly. Does this shop open on Sundays?, start He sold his farm and opened a shop instead. She opened the meeting (or The meeting opened) with a short speech. run: (of a tap) to let water flow; cause water to flow: Who left this tap running? Don’t run both taps at once. \ See Also انفتح (اِنْفَتَحَ) \ فَتَحَ \ turn: to cause a flow of (electricity, water, gas, on, off, out) to begin or stop: Please turn the lights out. \ See Also أغلق (أغلَقَ) \ فَتَحَ \ turn over a new leaf: to make a fresh start, with better behaviour: When I get out of prison, I shall turn over a new leaf. \ See Also بَدَأ صفحة جديدة \ فَتَحَ بالقوّة \ force sth. open: to open sth. by using force: I had forgotten my key, so we had to force the door open. \ فَتَحَ ثانيةً \ reopen: (of schools, shops, inquiries, etc.) to start again after being closed or stopped: The school will reopen with a new headmaster after the holidays. \ فَتَحَ الكلام \ broach: to begin to talk about (a difficult or unwelcome matter): He broached the subject of his pay rise to his employer.
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