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vote+(given)

  • 41 в пользу

    [PrepP; Invar; the resulting PrepP is adv]
    =====
    1. (often in refer, to the outcome of a trial, vote, sports competition etc) with the result favoring, being positive for some person or group:
    - in favor of s.o. (sth.);
    - in s.o.'s favor;
    - to s.o.'s advantage;
    - [in limited contexts] favorable to s.o.
         ♦ "Ну что ты беспокоишься, - сказал он. - Собрание решило в твою пользу, значит, все в порядке" (Войнович 3). "Well, what are you worried about?" he said. "The assembly decided in your favor, that means everything's all right" (3a).
         ♦ Матч закончился со счетом 3:0 в нашу пользу. The final score of the game was 3-0 in our favor.
         ♦...Она [Агафья Матвеена] ужасно изменилась, не в свою пользу. Она похудела... Глаза у ней впали (Гончаров 1). She [Agafya Matveyevna].. had changed terribly, and not to her advantage. She had grown thinner....Her eyes were sunken (1a).
    2. so that s.o. or sth. will benefit or profit:
    - in favor of s.o. (sth.);
    - for the sake (the benefit) of s.o. (sth.);
    - for s.o.'s benefit;
    - in the interests of s.o. (sth.);
    - in (on) behalf of s.o. (sth.).
         ♦ [Войницкий:] Имение это не было бы куплено, если бы я не отказался от наследства в пользу сестры, которую горячо любил (Чехов 3). [V.:]... This estate would not have been bought if I hadn't given up my share in the inheritance in favor of my sister, whom I loved dearly (3b).
         ♦ Наша публика похожа на провинциала, который, подслушав разговор двух дипломатов, принадлежащих к враждебным дворам, остался бы уверен, что каждый из них обманывает своё правительство в пользу взаимной, нежнейшей дружбы (Лермонтов 1). Our reading public is like some country bumpkin who hears a conversation between two diplomats from opposing courts and goes away convinced that each is betraying his government for the sake of an intimate mutual friendship (lc). Our public resembles a provincial who, upon overhearing the conversation of two diplomats belonging to two warring Courts, is convinced that each envoy is betraying his government in the interests of a most tender mutual friendship (1a).
         ♦ "...Призывал я вас, через Андрея Семеновича, единственно для того только, чтобы переговорить с вами о сиротском и беспомощном положении вашей родственницы, Катерины Ивановны... и о том, как бы полезно было устроить в ее пользу что-нибудь вроде подписки, лотереи или подобного" (Достоевский 3). "...I summoned you, through Andrei Semyonovich, for the sole purpose of discussing with you the orphaned and helpless situation of your relative, Katerina Ivanovna...and how useful it would be to organize something like a subscription, a lottery, or what have you, for her benefit" (3c).
    3. in defense of, backing s.o. or sth. (some measure, opinion etc): in support (favor) of s.o. (sth.); [in limited contexts]
    (be disposed <be inclined, incline etc>) toward sth.
         ♦ Публика начала даже склоняться в пользу того мнения, что вся эта история есть не что иное, как выдумка праздных людей... (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). The assemblage even began to incline toward the opinion that this whole incident was no more than the fabrication of idle people... (1a).
    4. расположить кого в свою пользу or в пользу чью, кого to evoke a favorable attitude toward o.s. or s.o.: [of a person]
    X расположил Y-а в свою пользу X gained (won) Yfe support (favor); X won Y over; X got into Y's good books < good graces>; || Y расположен в Х-ову пользу Y is well-disposed toward X; Y looks favorably upon X; X is in Y's good books < goodgraces>; It X расположил Y-а в Z-ову пользу X gained < won> Z the support of Y; X made Y look favorably upon Z; X helped Z get into Y's good books < good graces>; || [of a person's qualities] Х-ова скромность <откровенность и т. п.> располагает в его пользу X's modesty <frankness etc> produces a favorable impression; || Neg Х-ово упрямство <бахвальство и т. п.> не располагает в его пользу X's obstinacy <bragging etc> works against him.
         ♦ Помочь тебе может только Семён Михайлович. Поговори с ним, постарайся расположить его в свою пользу. The only one who can help you is Semyon Mikhailovich. Talk to him, and try to win his support.
         ♦ Её манера вести себя не располагает в её пользу: она слишком заносчива и самоуверенна. The way she behaves works against her: she's too arrogant and self-assured.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в пользу

  • 42 Geld

    Geld n 1. BANK, BÖRSE buyer’s rate (Geldkurs, Börsenkurs); 2. FIN, GEN, WIWI (infrml) bread, (infrml) dough, (BE) (infrml) dosh, money, (AE) (infrml) wampum am Geld BÖRSE at the money (Optionen) aus dem Geld BÖRSE out of the money (Optionen) etw. für sein Geld bekommen WIWI get good value for money Geld abführen STEUER pay over, transfer Geld anlegen GEN invest money, put money down Geld auf Abruf BANK, FIN money at call Geld auf eine Hypothek aufnehmen GEN raise money on a mortgage Geld auf etw. aufnehmen GEN raise money on sth Geld aufnehmen BANK borrow funds, borrow money Geld ausgeben GEN spend Geld großzügiger ausgeben FIN loosen one’s belt Geld investieren FIN invest money, put money down Geld leihen 1. FIN lend money; 2. BANK borrow money Geld scheffeln GEN (infrml) rake it in Geld sparen BANK save Geld spielt keine Rolle GEN money is no object Geld von jmdm. borgen GEN borrow money from sb Geld von jmdm. leihen GEN borrow money from sb Geld vorübergehend anlegen BÖRSE park money Geld wie Heu haben GEN (infrml) have money to burn im Geld BÖRSE in the money (Optionen) im Geld schwimmen GEN (infrml) awash with cash (richtig) Geld in die Hand nehmen GEN (infrml) (really) go to great expense um Geld ersuchen GEN appeal for funds zu Geld kommen GEN come into money
    * * *
    n 1. < Börse> buyer's rate; 2. <Finanz, Geschäft, Vw> bread infrml, dough infrml, dosh infrml (BE), money, wampum infrml (AE) ■ am Geld < Börse> Optionen at the money ■ aus dem Geld < Börse> out of the money (Optionen) ■ etw. für sein Geld bekommen <Vw> get good value for money ■ Geld abführen < Steuer> pay over, transfer ■ Geld anlegen < Geschäft> invest money, put money down ■ Geld auf Abruf <Bank, Finanz> money at call ■ Geld auf eine Hypothek aufnehmen < Geschäft> raise money on a mortgage ■ Geld auf etw. aufnehmen < Geschäft> raise money on sth ■ Geld aufnehmen < Bank> borrow funds, borrow money ■ Geld ausgeben < Geschäft> spend ■ Geld großzügiger ausgeben < Finanz> loosen one's belt ■ Geld investieren < Finanz> invest money, put money down ■ Geld leihen 1. < Finanz> lend money; 2. < Bank> borrow money ■ Geld scheffeln infrml < Geschäft> rake it in infrml ■ Geld sparen < Bank> save ■ Geld spielt keine Rolle < Geschäft> money is no object ■ Geld von jmdm. borgen < Geschäft> borrow money from sb ■ Geld von jmdm. leihen < Geschäft> borrow money from sb ■ Geld vorübergehend anlegen < Börse> park money ■ Geld wie Heu haben infrml < Geschäft> have money to burn infrml ■ im Geld < Börse> in the money (Optionen) ■ im Geld schwimmen infrml < Geschäft> awash with cash infrml ■ um Geld ersuchen < Geschäft> appeal for funds ■ zu Geld kommen infrml < Geschäft> come into money
    * * *
    Geld
    money, furniture of one’s pocket (coll.), gold, dimes, scales (US), (Bargeld) cash, (Börse) buyers, bid, prices negotiated, (Hartgeld) coin, (Kleingeld) small change, (Papiergeld) paper money (currency, notes), (Wechselgeld) change;
    für Geld mercenarily;
    gegen bares Geld for cash;
    hinter dem Geld her on the make (pitch, sl.);
    in Geld ausgedrückt in cash terms;
    in gutem Geld in good money;
    keinen Pfennig Geld not a shot in the locker;
    knapp an Geld low in cash, short of money;
    nur mit wenig Geld versehen scant of money;
    mit Geld wohl versehen moneyed, flush of money;
    ohne Geld moneyless, out of funds, without means, hard up for money;
    ohne jedes Geld out of cash, penniless, broke (sl.);
    so gut wie bares Geld as good as (equal to) cash;
    viel Geld verschlingend money-guzzling;
    Gelder means, sums of money, funds, purse;
    abgenutztes Geld worn currency;
    angelegtes Geld money put up, funds (money) invested, investment;
    fest angelegtes Geld tied-up (locked-up, Br.) money, lockup (Br.);
    mit Kündigungsfrist angelegtes Geld term (time, US) deposit;
    langfristig angelegte Gelder long-term (funded) capital;
    nicht angelegtes Geld unemployed money;
    sicher angelegtes Geld money safely invested;
    auf einem Sparkonto angelegtes Geld money on deposit account;
    anvertrautes Geld consigned (trust) money, money held on trust, trust fund;
    aufgebrauchtes Geld spent money;
    aufgenommene Gelder borrowed funds, borrowings, debts, accounts payable (US);
    aufgewandte Gelder money employed;
    in den Ferien ausgegebenes Geld holiday expenses;
    ausgeliehenes Geld money lent;
    an Kunden ausgeliehene Gelder (Bilanz) advances against customers;
    ausgezahltes Geld cash disbursements;
    ausstehendes Geld money due, outstanding money, outstandings;
    ausstehende Gelder outstanding debts, outs, accounts receivable (US);
    bares Geld [spot] cash, present (dry, ready, cash, US) money, ready coin (cash), specie, money down (sl.);
    auf dem Transport (unterwegs) befindliches Geld bullion in transit, money in the post (Br.) (mail, US);
    befristete Gelder tied-up funds, lockup (Br.) time deposits (US);
    benötigte Gelder necessary funds;
    bereitliegendes Geld cash in hand;
    vom Parlament bewilligte Gelder money provided by Parliament (Br.);
    billiges Geld cheap (light, easy[-terms]) money;
    ein bisschen Geld a little money;
    brachliegendes Geld dead money, money paying no interest (lying idle);
    brachliegende Gelder idle funds;
    durchlaufende Gelder cash in transit;
    eigenes Geld own money;
    eingeforene Gelder blocked funds, frozen money;
    eingegangene Gelder [cash] receipts, takings;
    eingehende Gelder money pouring (coming) in, receipt of money, receipts, takings;
    eingesammeltes Geld purse;
    mittels Zwangsvollstreckung eingetriebenes Geld money made;
    eingezahltes Geld deposit;
    einlaufende Geld receipts;
    einzelnes Geld loose change (money);
    erspartes Geld money put aside;
    erspartes (erübrigtes) Geld savings, spare money;
    fakultatives Geld facultative money;
    täglich fälliges Geld money at (on) call, money at short notice (Br.), call (day-to-day) money (Br.), money on current account, sight (demand, US) deposit;
    falsches Geld counterfeit coin (money), bad (Br.) (bogus, base, Br.) money;
    festes Geld time loan (US) (money), deposit account (US), fixed (time) deposit (US);
    festgelegte (festliegende) Gelder tied-up funds, immobilized money, lockup (Br.), time deposits (US);
    flüssige Gelder available capital (funds), funds in hand, disposable funds, ready money, liquid funds (assets), cash, liquid resources, spare capital;
    fremde Gelder trust money, (Bankbilanz) funds from outside sources, third-party funds, deposit by customers;
    gangbares Geld current (good) money;
    mein ganzes Geld the whole of my money;
    gefälschtes Geld counterfeit coin (money), counterfeits, bad (base, Br.) money;
    gefundenes Geld windfall;
    gehortetes Geld inactive money;
    geliehenes Geld borrowed money;
    gepumptes Geld touch (sl.);
    aus dem Verkehr (Umlauf) gezogenes Geld money withdrawn from circulation;
    hartes Geld hard currency, coin[ed] money, hard (US) (solid) cash, specie;
    heißes Geld hot money, refugee capital;
    herausgegebenes Geld change, small coin;
    hinausgeworfenes Geld money down the drain, wasted money;
    hinterlegtes Geld trust money;
    gerichtlich hinterlegtes Geld cash under the control of the (money in) court;
    investiertes Geld capital invested;
    irreguläres Geld non-standard money;
    konvertierbares Geld convertible money;
    frei konvertierbares Geld hard money;
    täglich kündbares Geld money at call, call (day-to-day) money (Br.), demand deposits (US);
    kursierendes Geld current money;
    kurzfristig kündbare (kurzfristige) Gelder money on (at) short notice, demand deposits (US), short-term loans (US);
    langfristige Gelder time money (loan, deposit, US), call (long-term, US) money, street (long-term, demand, US) loans, deposit accounts (US);
    leichteres Geld easier money;
    ungeheure Menge Geld enormous amount of money;
    mündelsichere Gelder trustee investment (Br.), trust fund (US);
    nachbewilligte Gelder additional funds;
    öffentliche Gelder public monies (funds, Br.), the public purse;
    originäres Geld primary money;
    gerade passendes Geld even money;
    privates Geld private funds;
    restliches (überzähliges) Geld odd money;
    schlechtes Geld counterfeit money, base coin;
    schwarzes Geld black money;
    stillgelegtes Geld tied- (locked-, Br.) up money, lock-up (Br.);
    stillgelegte Gelder non-earning reserve;
    tägliches Geld demand loan (deposit, money) (US), sight deposit, call loan (money, Br.), overnight credit, day-to-day money (Br.);
    teures Geld dear (close, tight, high, US) money;
    überschüssiges Geld surplus money;
    postalisch überwiesenes Geld postal money;
    telegrafisch überwiesenes Geld telegraphic money;
    überzähliges Geld overpayment, payment in excess;
    übriges Geld spare cash;
    mein übriges Geld the rest of my money;
    umlaufendes Geld current (effective) money, currency;
    ungültiges Geld money that is no longer current;
    unverzinsliche Gelder dormant funds;
    im Drogenhandel verdientes Geld drug money;
    leicht verdientes Geld easy money, money easily earned, money for jam (Br. sl.) (for old rope, sl.), soft (sl.);
    sauer (schwer, mühsam) verdientes Geld hard earnings, hard-earned money, tough buck (sl.);
    schnell verdientes Geld fast buck (US sl.), turkey (sl.);
    vereinnahmtes und verausgabtes Geld money received and expended;
    jederzeit verfügbare Gelder money on hand, floating money, disposable funds;
    tatsächlich verfügbares Geld effective money supply;
    von einer Bank verwaltete Gelder banker’s (bank) funds;
    treuhänderisch verwaltetes (verwahrtes) Geld trustee investment (Br.), trust funds;
    viel Geld plenty (good deal) of money;
    sehr viel Geld no end of money;
    vollwertiges Geld sterling money;
    weggeworfenes Geld money thrown away;
    wertbeständiges Geld store-of-value money;
    restlos zurückgezahltes Geld money refunded in full;
    Geld auf Abruf (auf tägliche Kündigung) call loan (money, Br.), day-to-day loan (money) (Br.), street (demand, US) loan, money at call;
    Brief und Geld (Börse) bills and money, bid and asked, bids and offers, sellers and buyers;
    mehr Geld als Brief (Kursbericht) more buyers than sellers, buyer’s market (over, Br.);
    Geld wie Heu (Mist) oodles of money;
    Geld in der Ladenkasse till money;
    Gelder mit Laufzeit time deposits;
    Geld und sofort fällige Staatsbankguthaben treasury cash;
    Geld der Steuerzahler taxpayers’ money;
    Geld in der Tasche shot in the locker (coll.);
    Geld mit gleich bleibendem Wert stable money;
    Geld auf eine Woche weekly fixtures;
    Geld mit Zwangskurs legal tender, lawful money (US);
    Geld-aus-der-Tasche-ziehen shakedown (US sl.);
    Geld sparend money-saving;
    Geld verdienend money-making;
    Geld abheben to [with]draw money;
    Geld von der Bank (seinem Bankkonto) abheben to draw money from the bank;
    Geld mittels Scheck abheben to check out (US);
    jem. Geld abknöpfen to stint s. o. of money, to squeeze money out of s. o.;
    jem. sein Geld bis zum letzten Heller abnehmen to fleece s. o. of every halfpenny;
    Geld abzweigen to divert money;
    jem. Geld anbieten to offer s. o. money;
    j. um Geld angehen to draw on s. o. for money;
    j. fortlaufend um Geld angehen to keep at s. o. with appeals for money;
    j. um Geld anhauen to touch s. o. for s. th. (sl.);
    Geld anlegen to embark money, to put money out, to invest funds, to make an investment;
    sein Geld in Aktien anlegen to invest one’s money in stocks and shares;
    sein ganzes Geld in Büchern anlegen to spend a small fortune on books;
    sein Geld falsch anlegen to misemploy one’s money;
    Geld fest anlegen to place money on deposit;
    sein Geld in Grundstücken anlegen to invest one’s money (make investments) in real estate;
    sein Geld gut anlegen to invest one’s money to good account, to get good value for one’s money (coll.);
    Geld im Hausbesitz anlegen to put money into houses;
    sein Geld klug anlegen to bestow one’s money wisely;
    sein Geld nutzbringend anlegen to lay out one’s money profitably;
    sein Geld in mündelsicheren Papieren anlegen to invest one’s money in a safe stock;
    Geld in Rentenwerten anlegen to sink money in an annuity;
    sein Geld schlecht anlegen to make bad use of one’s money;
    Geld auf Sparkonten anlegen to place money in savings accounts;
    Geld spekulativ anlegen to venture money in a speculation;
    Geld in Staatsanleihen (Staatspapieren) anlegen to fund (Br.);
    Geld vernünftig anlegen to put money to good use;
    Geld verzinslich anlegen to put one’s money out at interest;
    sein Geld vorteilhaft anlegen to lay out one’s money to advantage;
    Geld zinsbringend anlegen to place money on interest;
    um Geld anpumpen to touch (pump) for money (sl.);
    sein Geld einer Bank anvertrauen to give money to the bank for safe-keeping;
    Geld anweisen to remit money;
    Geld aufbringen to put up funds, to put up (borrow, raise, take up) money, to raise cash, to finance;
    Geld für ein Unternehmen aufbringen to put up the money for an undertaking;
    Geld durch Zeichnung aufbringen to raise funds by subscriptions;
    Geld aufnehmen to borrow (raise, take up) money, to take the rate;
    Geld auf ein Grundstück aufnehmen to raise money on an estate;
    Geld gegen hypothekarische Sicherheiten aufnehmen to borrow on a mortgage;
    Geld gegen Verpfändung der Anlagenwerte aufnehmen to raise money on the security of the assets;
    Geld auftreiben to raise (scare up, US coll.) money, to raise cash, to finance;
    Geld für ein Unternehmen auftreiben to find the money for an undertaking, to finance an institution;
    Geld für j. aufwenden to spend money on s. o.;
    Geld aufzählen to count up money;
    Geld ausgeben to lay out (spend) money;
    sein ganzes Geld ausgeben to go through all one’s money;
    eine Menge Geld ausgeben to spend lots of money;
    scheffelweise Geld ausgeben to squander away money, to be off on a spending spree, to spend money like water;
    verschwenderisch Geld ausgeben to spend lavishly;
    wenig Geld für sein Auto ausgeben to run a car at small cost;
    öffentliche Gelder bestimmungsgemäß ausgeben to use public money only for legitimate purposes;
    viel Geld für Bücher ausgeben to spend a small fortune on books;
    Geld falsch ausgeben to misspend money;
    Geld mit vollen Händen (hemmungslos) ausgeben to go the paces, to be on a big spending binge, to be off on a spending spree, to make the money fly, to spend money with both hands (without stint, like water);
    Geld leicht ausgeben to spend money with a free hand;
    sein Geld für nichts und wieder nichts ausgeben to throw away one’s money for nothing;
    Geld spekulativ ausgeben to venture money in speculation;
    sein Geld umsonst ausgeben to spend one’s money for no purpose;
    viel Geld für Werbung ausgeben to advertise in a big way;
    jem. mit Geld aushelfen to aid s. o. with money;
    mit seinem Geld auskommen to live within one’s means;
    mit wenig Geld auskommen to live on little money;
    Geld ausleihen to lend money, to put money out to loan;
    Geld auf Bodmerei ausleihen to lend money on bottomry;
    Geld gegen Sicherheiten ausleihen to lend money on security;
    Geld auf Zinsen ausleihen to put out money (borrow) at interest, to place money on interest;
    Geld zinsfrei ausleihen to lend money free of interest;
    Geld ausspucken to spill money (fam.);
    jem. gegen Vorlage seines Personalausweises Geld auszahlen to pay s. o. a sum upon submission of proof of identity;
    sich um Geld balgen to scramble for money;
    restliches Geld behalten to keep the odd money;
    Teil des Geldes behalten to retain part of the money;
    Geld beiseiteschaffen to finance money away;
    für sein Geld etw. [Gleichwertiges] bekommen to get one’s money’s-worth;
    etw. für sein Geld geboten bekommen to have a run for one’s money;
    von jem. keinen Pfennig Geld bekommen not to see the colo(u)r of s. one’s money;
    Verfügungsgewalt über sein Geld bekommen to come into one’s own money;
    Geld abgezählt bereithalten no change given;
    Geld bereitstellen to finance;
    öffentliche Gelder bereitstellen to make the necessary public funds available;
    Geld beschaffen to furnish (procure) money, to provide funds;
    das erforderliche Geld beschaffen (auftreiben) to find the money;
    jem. Geld besorgen to provide s. o. with money;
    aus lauter Geld bestehen to be made of money;
    j. um sein ganzes Geld betrügen to fleece s. o. of (jockey, do s. o. out of) all his money;
    Geld bewilligen to grant money, (parl.) to vote supplies (funds);
    jem. für sein Geld etw. bieten to give s. o. a run for his money;
    j. eilig um Geld bitten to rush s. o. for money;
    j. um sein Geld bringen to relieve s. o. of his money;
    j. um sein ganzes Geld bringen to bilk s. o. out of his money;
    das große Geld bringen to bring in big money;
    Geld unter die Leute bringen to put money into circulation;
    Geld in Verkehr bringen to pass the coin;
    Geld bei einer Bank deponieren to deposit money with a bank;
    Geld durchbringen to waste money;
    Geld einfordern to demand payment;
    Geld einkassieren to pocket cash;
    Geld einnehmen to receive money;
    Geld einschießen to give in, to put into, to contribute capital;
    Geld in den Wirtschaftskreislauf einschleusen to pump money into the economic system;
    mit Geld einspringen to chip in (US);
    Geld einstecken (einstreichen) to pocket money;
    sich sein Geld sehr genau einteilen to make a penny go a long way;
    Geld eintreiben to enforce payment, to recover a debt;
    Geld bei einer Bank einzahlen to put money in[to] (deposit money with) a bank;
    Geld auf ein Konto einzahlen to pay money into an account;
    schlechtes Geld einziehen to call in coins;
    seine Gelder einziehen to call in one’s money;
    Geld durch Zahlkarte überwiesen erhalten to be paid out in cash by the postman;
    Geld erheben to raise money;
    Geld auf betrügerische Weise erlangen to get money by fraud;
    j. um sein Geld erleichtern to part s. o. from his money;
    Geld erpressen to ramp (Br. sl.);
    gestohlenes Geld ersetzen to replace stolen money;
    im Geld ersticken to be rolling in money;
    aus öffentlichen Geldern fördern to subsidize;
    gesperrte Gelder freigeben to release funds;
    Geld auf Bodmerei geben to advance money on bottomry;
    ins Geld gehen to run into money (coll.);
    erheblich ins Geld gehen to run into large amounts;
    mit seinem Geld geizen to be very near with one’s money;
    Geld haben to be worth money (in stock, in cash);
    dicke Gelder haben to have a fat income;
    eigenes Geld haben to have money of one’s own;
    genügend Geld haben to have money in sufficiency;
    nicht genügend Geld haben to feel the need of money;
    haufenweise Geld (Geld wie Heu, Mist) haben to have scads (lots, coll., piles, coll.) of money, to be simply coining money, to have money to burn, to have money galore;
    kaum Geld haben to be hard up [for money];
    kein (Mangel an) Geld haben to get aground, to be short of stuff (pressed for funds);
    massenhaft Geld haben to have loads (scads, US) of money;
    scheffelweise Geld haben to have lots of money (coll.);
    Taschen voller Geld haben to have one’s pockets full of money;
    Unmenge Geld (unermessliche Geld er) haben to have lots (a pot) of money;
    viel Geld haben to have a large income;
    sehr wenig Geld haben to have very little money;
    für sein Geld etw. haben to have a run for one’s money;
    Geld bei sich haben to have (carry) money on one;
    kein Geld bei sich haben not to have any money on one, to have no cash on o. s.;
    sein Geld gut angelegt haben to get good value for one’s money;
    Geld in Staatspapieren angelegt haben to have money in the funds (Br.);
    Geld ausstehen haben to have money owing;
    Geld auf der Bank haben to have funds with (money in) a bank;
    genügend Geld zum Bauen haben to have ample means for building;
    etw. Geld beiseite gelegt haben to have a little money in reserve;
    schönes Stück Geld gespart haben to have saved a nice bit of money;
    Geld in der Kasse haben to have cash in hand;
    Geld bei jem. stehen haben to have money lodged with s. o.;
    Geld bei einer Bank stehen haben to keep money at a bank;
    Geld im Überfluss haben to have scads (lots, piles) of money, to have money to burn;
    Geld zur Verfügung haben to have money at one’s disposal;
    viel Geld zur Verfügung haben to have a big bankroll;
    so viel Geld zur Verfügung haben to have so much money in hand;
    Geld zurückgelegt haben to have money laid aside (put by);
    Geld zu jds. Verfügung halten to hold money to s. one’s order;
    am Geld hängen to be a slave to money;
    nach Geld heiraten to marry money;
    Geld herausbekommen to get change;
    Geld herausgeben to give change;
    Geld aus jem. herausholen to get money out of s. o.;
    Geld aus jem. herauskitzeln (herauslocken) to elicit (entice, worm) money out of s. o.;
    Geld aus jem. herauspressen to wring money out of s. o.;
    Geld herausrücken to part with one’s money, to fork out, to cough up (sl.);
    Geld bei jem. herausschinden to extract money from s. o.;
    Geld aus etw. herausschlagen to make money out of s. th.;
    Geld zum Fenster herauswerfen to throw money down the drain;
    Geld aus einem Geschäft herausziehen to withdraw money from a business;
    Geld herbeischaffen to raise money;
    sein ganzes Geld hergeben to part with all one’s money;
    mit seinem Geld nur so herumschmeißen to play ducks and drakes with one’s money;
    Satz für tägliches Geld hinaufsetzen to mark up call money (US);
    sein Geld mit beiden Händen zum Fenster hinauswerfen to throw money down the drain;
    Geld hineinstecken to embark money;
    Geld bei jem. hinterlegen to lodge (deposit) money with s. o.;
    Geld bei einer Bank hinterlegen to place money on deposit with a bank;
    Geld bei Gericht hinterlegen to bring money into the court;
    Geld horten to hoard money;
    Geld investieren to invest capital;
    Geld in Häusern investieren to put money into houses;
    für billiges Geld kaufen to buy at a moderate price;
    mit Geld klimpern to chink;
    mit dem Geld knausern to stint money;
    um sein Geld kommen to lose one’s money;
    plötzlich zu Geld kommen to strike a lead (it rich);
    plötzlich zu viel Geld kommen to come into the big money;
    schnell zu Geld kommen to make a quick buck (sl.);
    schwer Geld auftreiben können to be hard set to find money;
    sich von seinem Geld schwer trennen können not to like to part with one’s money;
    nicht mit Geld umgehen können not to know how to handle money;
    Geld kosten to require money;
    Haufen Geld kosten to cost a packet of money;
    heilloses Geld kosten to cost an unholy amount of money;
    schweres Geld kosten to cost a great deal of money, to cost a lot (pot) of money;
    j. schweres Geld kosten to be a heavy burden on s. o.;
    anständige Stange (schönes Stück) Geld kosten (fam.) to run to (cost) a pretty penny, to come to a deal of money;
    sein Geld arbeiten lassen to put one’s money out at interest;
    sein Geld nicht arbeiten lassen to let one’s money lie idle;
    j. um sein Geld betteln lassen to let s. o. whistle for his money;
    Geld springen lassen to bleed well (sl.);
    sehr ins Geld laufen to run into very large sums;
    von seinem Geld leben to live on one’s capital;
    Geld auf die Bank legen to put money in[to] a bank;
    Geld auf die hohe Kante legen to put money by;
    Geld auf den Tisch legen to put down the money (fam.);
    Geld leihen (jem.) to loan (lend) money, (von jem.) to borrow [money];
    sein Geld loswerden to get rid of one’s money, to drop money (US sl.);
    Geld machen to make money;
    zu Geld machen to convert (turn) into cash, to turn (run) into money, to coin;
    Geld flüssig machen to ease money free;
    Geld locker machen to spring money (Br. coll.);
    aus seinem Geld mehr machen to manage one’s money more effectively;
    Geld nachschießen to pay an additional amount (sum);
    gutes Geld schlechtem Geld nachwerfen (hinterherwerfen) to throw good money after bad (coll.);
    herausgegebenes Geld nachzählen to count one’s change;
    Geld aus der Ladenkasse nehmen to take money from the till;
    bei Freunden hemmungslos Geld pumpen to feel no qualms about borrowing money from friends;
    Geld reinbuttern to kick in (sl.);
    Geld zu einem bestimmten Zweck sammeln to make up a purse;
    Geld für wohltätige Zwecke sammeln to canvass on (Br.) (in, US) behalf of charity;
    Geld auf die Seite schaffen to finance money away;
    Geld scheffeln to coin (coll.) (scoop up) money, to be simply coining money (Br.);
    monatlich Geld nach Hause schicken to remit money home each month;
    mit dem Geld nur so um sich schmeißen to scatter money broadcast, to fling one’s money about, to blow one’s money (sl.);
    [sein] Geld aus dem Fenster schmeißen to fling one’s money out of the window, to throw money down the drain;
    Geld schöpfen to create money;
    Geld schulden to owe money;
    viel Geld schulden to be involved in debts;
    im Geld [nur so] schwimmen to be rolling in cash (money, wealth, coll.), to bucket money, to have loads of money;
    bei Geld sein to be flush of money (in funds), to be in cash (the chips, sl.);
    knapp bei Gelde sein to be hard up (in low water), to be short of money;
    nicht bei Geld sein to be out of cash (funds);
    scharf aufs Geld aus sein to be keen on money making;
    völlig ohne Geld sein to be penniless (broke);
    aufs Geld aus sein to be after (out for) money, to be on the make (sl.);
    nicht mit Geld zu bezahlen sein to be worth its weight in gold;
    mit Geld freigebig sein to be open-handed with money;
    mit Geld reichlich (wohl) versehen sein to have a well-lined purse, to be flush of money;
    Geld sparen to save money;
    um Geld spielen to play for money, to game;
    Geld in ein Geschäft stecken to put capital into a business;
    sein Geld ins Geschäft stecken to lock up one’s cash in one’s trade;
    sein ganzes Geld ins Geschäft stecken to sink all one’s money in the concern;
    enorm viel Geld in sein Geschäft stecken to spend a fortune over one’s business;
    Geld aus der Ladekasse stehlen to abstract money from a till;
    Geld für ein Unternehmen zur Verfügung stellen to put up money for an undertaking;
    nach Geld stinken to stink of money (sl.);
    sich Geld in die Taschen stopfen to shove money into one’s pocket;
    viel Geld zu verdienen suchen to go in for money;
    sein letztes Geld mit jem. teilen to share one’s last crust with s. o.;
    Geld zur Sparkasse tragen to put money into the savings bank;
    Geld unmittelbar übergeben to hand over the money direct;
    Geld überweisen to transmit (transfer) money;
    jem. Geld überweisen to put s. o. in cash, to send s. o. a remittance;
    telegrafisch Geld überweisen to transfer money by cable;
    großzügig mit fremden Geld umgehen to be generous with other people’s property;
    leichtsinnig mit Vaters Geld umgehen to play fast and loose with father’s money;
    sorglos mit seinem Geld umgehen to be very flush with one’s money;
    sparsam mit seinem Geld umgehen to husband one’s money
    [fremdes] Geld umrechnen to reduce money;
    in [bares] Geld umsetzen to turn into money (cash), to realize;
    sein Geld dreimal jährlich umsetzen to turn one’s money three times a year;
    Geld ohne zusätzliche Gebühren gegen die landesübliche Währung umtauschen to change the currency without having to pay an extra charge;
    falsches Geld unterbringen to fob off false coin;
    Geld unterschlagen to convert money to one’s own use;
    öffentliche Gelder unterschlagen (veruntreuen) to misappropriate public funds, to misapply public money;
    j. mit Geld unterstützen to assist s. o. with money;
    Geld verauslagen to disburse money;
    Geld verdienen to make money;
    Haufen Geld verdienen to make stacks of money;
    schweres Geld verdienen to earn big (heavy) money, to line one’s pocket, to make money hand over fist;
    schöne Stange Geld verdienen to make piles of money;
    an einer Sache ein schönes Stück Geld verdienen to make a pretty penny out of s. th.;
    viel Geld verdienen to earn big money, to have a large income, to do well;
    enorm viel Geld verdienen to be simply coining money;
    auf einen Schlag viel Geld verdienen to earn a lot of money in one scoop;
    sein Geld auf anständige Art und Weise (ehrlich) verdienen to turn an honest penny;
    Geld wie Heu (Mist) verdienen to be simply coining money, to make money hand over fist;
    Geld vereinnahmen to receive money;
    Geld vergeuden to trifle away one’s money;
    schrankenlos Geld verleihen to lend money without limits;
    Geld bei etw. verlieren to lose money on s. th;
    bei etw. sehr viel Geld verlieren to drop a lot of money;
    jem. sein ganzes Geld vermachen to leave one’s money to s. o.;
    sein Geld verplempern to muddle away one’s money;
    Geld verpulvern to blow money (sl.);
    sich Geld verschaffen to procure money;
    sich Geld durch Betrug verschaffen to obtain money by fraud;
    sich das nötige Geld verschaffen to raise the wind (fam.);
    sein Geld verschleudern to make pots and pans of one’s property, to throw one’s money about;
    viel Geld verschlingen to cost a mint of money;
    j. mit Geld versehen to keep s. o. in money, to supply s. o. with funds, to finance s. o.;
    sein Geld verspekulieren to finance one’s money away (US);
    Geld gleichmäßig verteilen to divide money equally;
    sein Geld gut verwenden to make good use of one’s money;
    jem. sein Geld vorenthalten to keep s. o. out of money;
    Geld vorschießen (vorstrecken) to advance money;
    Geld für einen Hausbau vorsehen to destine money to build a house;
    jem. Geld vorzählen to count money before s. o.;
    ausländisches Geld wechseln to change foreign currency;
    von allen Leuten (Seiten) um Geld angegangen werden to be pressed for money from all quarters;
    mit Geld nur so um sich werfen to fling one’s money about, to throw money about like dirt;
    sein Geld auf die Straße werfen to throw money down the drain;
    sein Geld nicht wiederbekommen to be put out of pocket;
    für sein Geld etw. haben wollen to want one’s money’s-worth;
    im Gelde wühlen to be wallowing (rolling) in money;
    in barem Geld zahlen to pay in cash;
    in deutschem Geld zahlen to pay in German money;
    sein Geld zählen to tell one’s money (US);
    jem. Geld aus der Tasche ziehen to relieve s. o. of his money, to shake s. o. down (US sl.);
    Geld seiner Zweckbestimmung zuführen to appropriate money;
    sein Geld zurückbekommen to recover (get back) one’s money;
    Geld an den Eigentümer zurückgeben to restore (refund) money to the owner;
    zu viel gezahltes Geld zurückgeben to return an overpaid amount;
    schönes Stück Geld zurücklegen to put a good deal of money aside;
    Geld für unvorhergesehene Ereignisse zurücklegen to reserve money for unforeseen contingencies, to put aside for a rainy day;
    sein Geld zurückverlangen to want [to get] one’s money back;
    sein Geld zusammenhalten to take care of one’s money;
    Geld zusammenkratzen to scrape up a sum of money, to scratch together, to scramble up money;
    ein bisschen Geld zusammenkratzen to rake together a little money;
    Geld zusammenscharren to scramble up money;
    sein Geld zusammenwerfen to pool one’s resources;
    Geld zuschießen to contribute money;
    Gelder zweckbestimmen to earmark funds;
    Gelder zweckentfremden (anderen als den vorhergesehenen Zwecken zuführen) to alienate funds from their proper destination;
    Geld gesucht (Kurszettel) wanted, inquired matter;
    ohne Geld geht nichts money talks;
    damit kann man viel Geld verdienen there is money in it;
    Geld spielt keine Rolle, auf Geld wird nicht gesehen (Anzeige) money is no object;
    Geldabfindung monetary indemnity, pecuniary compensation (satisfaction), cash settlement;
    Geldabfluss drain of money, efflux of funds;
    Geldabfluss zu einer Flut anschwellen lassen to turn the outflow of money into a flood;
    Geldabhebung draft [of money], withdrawal of [a sum of] money, drawing, cashing;
    Geldabschöpfung absorption of purchasing power;
    kreditäre Geldabschöpfung creation of currency (money);
    Geldabwertung devaluation (devalorization) of the currency;
    Geldabzug drain of money;
    Geldadel moneyed aristocracy, plutocracy.
    herbeischaffen, Geld
    to raise funds (the wind, sl.).
    vorstrecken, Geld
    to advance money.
    zusammenkratzen, Geld
    to scrape up a sum of money;
    Pfennige zusammenkratzen to scrabble the pennies together.
    zusammenschießen, Geld
    to club together;
    Gelder (Kapitalien) zusammenschießen to pool funds;
    sein Kapital zusammenschießen to join stock with s. o.

    Business german-english dictionary > Geld

  • 43 antiguo

    adj.
    1 ancient, early, antique, long-standing.
    2 former, olden, one-time, sometime.
    3 outdated, of a bygone era, archaic, outmoded.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: antiguar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) ancient, old; (coche) vintage, old
    2 (en empleo) senior
    3 (pasado) old-fashioned
    4 (anterior) former
    1 the ancients
    \
    a la antigua in an old-fashioned way
    de antiguo since ancient times
    * * *
    (f. - antigua)
    adj.
    1) old
    * * *
    antiguo, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (=viejo) [ciudad, costumbre] old; [coche] vintage; [mueble, objeto, libro] antique

    a la antigua (usanza) — in the old-fashioned way

    de o desde antiguo — from time immemorial

    en lo antiguo — in olden days liter, in ancient times

    chapado, música
    2) ( Hist) [civilización, restos] ancient

    el palacio árabe más antiguo — the oldest Arab palace, the most ancient Arab palace

    edad 2)
    3) (=anterior) old, former

    la antigua capilla, ahora sala de exposiciones — the old o former chapel, now an exhibition hall

    un antiguo novio — an old boyfriend, an ex-boyfriend

    mi antiguo jefe — my former boss, my ex-boss

    más antiguo — [cliente, socio] longest-standing; [empleado, prisionero] longest-serving

    el socio más antiguo — the most senior member, the longest-standing member, the oldest member

    alumno
    4) (=anticuado) [traje, estilo, persona] old-fashioned; [mentalidad] outdated
    2. SM / F
    1) (=anticuado)

    tu madre es una antigua — your mother is really old-fashioned, your mother is a real fuddy-duddy *

    2) (=veterano)
    3) ( Hist)
    * * *
    - gua adjetivo
    1)
    a) ( viejo) <ciudad/libro> old; <ruinas/civilización> ancient; <mueble/lámpara> antique, old; < coche> vintage, old; <costumbre/tradición> old
    b) ( veterano) old, long-standing

    de or desde antiguo — from time immemorial

    2) (delante del n) ( de antes) old (before n), former (before n)
    3) ( anticuado) old-fashioned
    * * *
    = ancient, early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], former, old [older -comp., oldest -sup.], long-standing, age-old, sometime + Nombre, erstwhile, overaged, olde, retrospective, timeworn, antique.
    Ex. But this traditional stance conceals an ancient feud between cataloguers and reference librarians over the true function of the library catalogue.
    Ex. Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.
    Ex. This person acted as the liaison with the former UNIMARC Working Group.
    Ex. These circumvent many of the problems that must be tackled in subject indexing such as the emergence of new terms and new meanings for old words.
    Ex. The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.
    Ex. The current environment in higher education is providing an opportunity for librarians to define a future that will ensure their central role in the educational process and thus resolve these remaining age-old questions.
    Ex. One of the most successful is the system devised by Dyson, sometime editor of CA.
    Ex. This article relates the professional experiences of an erstwhile academic librarian.
    Ex. Bielefeld University is replacing its overaged mainframe data processing systems in the library.
    Ex. The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.
    Ex. It seems appropriate to take a retrospective look at the evolution of our catalog and the ideology which has shaped it.
    Ex. But beyond the honeymoon hotels and resorts, Polynesian life goes on and timeworn traditions are preserved.
    Ex. A small cranberry tree surrounded by holly sits on an antique marble-top table.
    ----
    * a la antigua = old-style.
    * a la antigua usanza = old-style.
    * antigua esposa = ex-wife.
    * antigua gloria = Posesivo + former glory.
    * antigua grandeza = Posesivo + former glory.
    * Antigua Grecia = Ancient Greece.
    * antigua novia = ex-girlfriend.
    * antigua Roma = ancient Rome.
    * antiguo alumno = alumnus [alumni, -pl.], alum.
    * antiguo esplendor = Posesivo + former glory.
    * antiguo periodista = ex-journalist.
    * antiguo régimen, el = ancient regime, the.
    * antiguos egipcios, los = ancient Egyptians, the.
    * antiguo soldado = ex-soldier.
    * Antiguo Testamento, el = Old Testament (O.T.), the.
    * asociación de antiguos alumnos = alumni association.
    * casco antiguo = old town.
    * casco antiguo de la ciudad, el = oldest part of the city, the.
    * chapado a la antigua = fuddy-duddy.
    * de antigua generación = low-end.
    * de antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * desde antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * desde muy antiguo = since olden times.
    * en el mundo antiguo = in antiquity.
    * impreso antiguo = old print.
    * ISBD(A) (Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional - material anti = ISBD(A) (International Standard Bibliographic Description - Antiquarian).
    * ley antigua = ancient law.
    * libro antiguo = old book, rare book.
    * más antiguo = longest-serving.
    * más antiguo, el = seniormost, the.
    * muy antiguo = centuries-old.
    * obra antigua = ancient work.
    * periódicos antiguos = old newspapers.
    * recuperar + Posesivo + antigua grandeza = regain + Posesivo + former glory.
    * recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo esplendor = regain + Posesivo + former glory.
    * recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo gloria = regain + Posesivo + former glory.
    * red de antiguos compañeros = old boy network.
    * restituir Algo a su antigua grandeza = restore + Nombre + to + Posesivo + former glory.
    * reunión de antiguos alumnos = class reunion.
    * ser muy antiguo = go back + a long way.
    * vestido a la antigua = frumpy [frumpier -comp., frumpiest -sup.], frumpish.
    * * *
    - gua adjetivo
    1)
    a) ( viejo) <ciudad/libro> old; <ruinas/civilización> ancient; <mueble/lámpara> antique, old; < coche> vintage, old; <costumbre/tradición> old
    b) ( veterano) old, long-standing

    de or desde antiguo — from time immemorial

    2) (delante del n) ( de antes) old (before n), former (before n)
    3) ( anticuado) old-fashioned
    * * *
    = ancient, early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], former, old [older -comp., oldest -sup.], long-standing, age-old, sometime + Nombre, erstwhile, overaged, olde, retrospective, timeworn, antique.

    Ex: But this traditional stance conceals an ancient feud between cataloguers and reference librarians over the true function of the library catalogue.

    Ex: Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.
    Ex: This person acted as the liaison with the former UNIMARC Working Group.
    Ex: These circumvent many of the problems that must be tackled in subject indexing such as the emergence of new terms and new meanings for old words.
    Ex: The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.
    Ex: The current environment in higher education is providing an opportunity for librarians to define a future that will ensure their central role in the educational process and thus resolve these remaining age-old questions.
    Ex: One of the most successful is the system devised by Dyson, sometime editor of CA.
    Ex: This article relates the professional experiences of an erstwhile academic librarian.
    Ex: Bielefeld University is replacing its overaged mainframe data processing systems in the library.
    Ex: The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.
    Ex: It seems appropriate to take a retrospective look at the evolution of our catalog and the ideology which has shaped it.
    Ex: But beyond the honeymoon hotels and resorts, Polynesian life goes on and timeworn traditions are preserved.
    Ex: A small cranberry tree surrounded by holly sits on an antique marble-top table.
    * a la antigua = old-style.
    * a la antigua usanza = old-style.
    * antigua esposa = ex-wife.
    * antigua gloria = Posesivo + former glory.
    * antigua grandeza = Posesivo + former glory.
    * Antigua Grecia = Ancient Greece.
    * antigua novia = ex-girlfriend.
    * antigua Roma = ancient Rome.
    * antiguo alumno = alumnus [alumni, -pl.], alum.
    * antiguo esplendor = Posesivo + former glory.
    * antiguo periodista = ex-journalist.
    * antiguo régimen, el = ancient regime, the.
    * antiguos egipcios, los = ancient Egyptians, the.
    * antiguo soldado = ex-soldier.
    * Antiguo Testamento, el = Old Testament (O.T.), the.
    * asociación de antiguos alumnos = alumni association.
    * casco antiguo = old town.
    * casco antiguo de la ciudad, el = oldest part of the city, the.
    * chapado a la antigua = fuddy-duddy.
    * de antigua generación = low-end.
    * de antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * desde antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * desde muy antiguo = since olden times.
    * en el mundo antiguo = in antiquity.
    * impreso antiguo = old print.
    * ISBD(A) (Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional - material anti = ISBD(A) (International Standard Bibliographic Description - Antiquarian).
    * ley antigua = ancient law.
    * libro antiguo = old book, rare book.
    * más antiguo = longest-serving.
    * más antiguo, el = seniormost, the.
    * muy antiguo = centuries-old.
    * obra antigua = ancient work.
    * periódicos antiguos = old newspapers.
    * recuperar + Posesivo + antigua grandeza = regain + Posesivo + former glory.
    * recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo esplendor = regain + Posesivo + former glory.
    * recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo gloria = regain + Posesivo + former glory.
    * red de antiguos compañeros = old boy network.
    * restituir Algo a su antigua grandeza = restore + Nombre + to + Posesivo + former glory.
    * reunión de antiguos alumnos = class reunion.
    * ser muy antiguo = go back + a long way.
    * vestido a la antigua = frumpy [frumpier -comp., frumpiest -sup.], frumpish.

    * * *
    A
    1 (viejo) ‹casa/ciudad› old; ‹ruinas/civilización› ancient; ‹mueble/lámpara› antique, old; ‹libro› old; ‹coche› vintage, old
    la parte antigua de la ciudad the old part of the city
    la antigua Roma ancient Rome
    una costumbre muy antigua an ancient o a very old custom
    es mejor no reavivar antiguas rencillas it's best not to revive old quarrels
    2 (veterano) old, long-standing
    es uno de nuestros más antiguos clientes he's one of our oldest customers
    3 ( en locs):
    a la antigua in an old-fashioned way
    se viste a la antigua she dresses in an old-fashioned way o style
    chapado a la antigua old-fashioned
    de or desde antiguo from time immemorial
    una tradición que viene de antiguo a tradition which dates from time immemorial
    Compuestos:
    masculine ancien régime
    masculine Old Testament
    B ( delante del n) (de antes) old ( before n), former ( before n)
    un antiguo novio an ex-boyfriend o old boyfriend
    visitamos mi antiguo colegio we visited my old school
    Río, antigua capital del Brasil Rio, the former capital of Brazil
    C (anticuado) ‹persona/estilo› old-fashioned
    tiene una cara muy antigua she has a very old-fashioned kind of face, her face seems to belong to another era
    * * *

     

    antiguo
    ◊ - gua adjetivo

    1
    a) ( viejo) ‹ciudad/libro old;

    ruinas/civilización ancient;
    mueble/lámpara antique, old;
    coche vintage, old;
    costumbre/tradición old;


    c) ( en locs)


    chapado a la antigua old-fashioned;
    de or desde antiguo from time immemorial
    2 ( delante del n) ( de antes) old ( before n), former ( before n);

    3 ( anticuado) old-fashioned
    antiguo,-a adjetivo
    1 old, ancient: Antiguo Testamento, Old Testament
    2 (pasado de moda) old-fashioned
    3 (empleado, cargo) senior
    4 (anterior) former
    ' antiguo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    antigua
    - casco
    - decana
    - decano
    - entre
    - restituir
    - sellar
    - testamento
    - ver
    - combatiente
    - viejo
    English:
    alumnus
    - ancient
    - antique
    - become
    - dissociate
    - encounter
    - ex-
    - flame
    - former
    - gramophone
    - imperial mile
    - long-standing
    - old
    - old-style
    - one
    - paper
    - take over
    - testament
    - erstwhile
    - further
    - long
    - past
    - sometime
    - veteran
    - vintage car
    * * *
    antiguo, -a
    adj
    1. [viejo] old;
    [inmemorial] ancient;
    un antiguo amigo/enemigo an old friend/enemy
    antiguo alumno [de colegio] ex-pupil, former pupil, US alumnus;
    el antiguo continente [Europa] Europe;
    la antigua Roma Ancient Rome;
    el Antiguo Testamento the Old Testament
    2. [anterior, previo] former;
    la antigua Unión Soviética the former Soviet Union
    el antiguo régimen the former regime; Hist the ancien régime
    3. [veterano]
    los miembros/empleados más antiguos tienen preferencia preference is given to the longest-serving members/employees;
    los vecinos más antiguos the neighbours who've been here longest
    4. [pasado de moda] old-fashioned;
    a la antigua in an old-fashioned way;
    chapado a la antigua stuck in the past, old-fashioned
    nm,f
    1. [persona] old-fashioned person;
    su tío es un antiguo her uncle is very old-fashioned
    2.
    los antiguos [de la Antigüedad] the ancients
    * * *
    adj old; del pasado remoto ancient;
    su antiguo novio her old o former boyfriend;
    a la antigua in the old-fashioned way;
    edad antigua ancient times pl
    * * *
    antiguo, - gua adj
    1) : ancient, old
    2) : former
    3) : old-fashioned
    a la antigua: in the old-fashioned way
    * * *
    antiguo adj
    1. (mueble, cuadro, etc) antique
    2. (casa, coche) old
    3. (idioma, cultura) ancient
    4. (anterior) former
    5. (en el trabajo) senior
    6. (anticuado) old fashioned
    ¡qué ideas más antiguas tienes! what old fashioned ideas you've got!

    Spanish-English dictionary > antiguo

  • 44 par3

    3 = even, even-numbered.
    Ex. Results of comparisons are given in a number of tables and examined by factors such as results obtained in even and odd years and results of votes taken in spring and autumn.
    Ex. More people vote in even-numbered years, so holding elections in odd-numbered years effectively disenfranchises thousands of voters.
    ----
    * número par = even number.
    * página par = even page.

    Spanish-English dictionary > par3

  • 45 valer

    intj.
    that's enough.
    m.
    worth, value.
    v.
    1 to cost (costar) (price).
    ¿cuánto vale? how much does it cost?, how much is it?
    este cuadro vale mucho dinero this painting is worth a lot of money
    2 to earn.
    su generosidad le valió el afecto de todos her generosity earned her everyone's affection
    esta victoria puede valerles el campeonato this win may be enough for them to take the championship
    aquello nos valió muchos disgustos that cost us a lot of trouble
    Su obra le valió un gran premio Her work earned her a great reward.
    3 to deserve.
    esta noticia bien vale una celebración this news deserves a celebration
    4 to be good (tener valor, merecer aprecio) (persona, obra).
    la obra vale poco/no vale (nada) the play isn't up to much/is no good at all
    hacer valer algo to assert something (derechos, autoridad)
    hacerse valer to show one's worth
    5 to be valid (ser válido) (documento, norma).
    6 to be worth, to cost.
    7 to be of value, to be valuable.
    * * *
    Present Indicative
    valgo, vales, vale, valemos, valéis, valen.
    Future Indicative
    Conditional
    Present Subjunctive
    Imperative
    vale (tú), valga (él/Vd.), valgamos (nos.), valed (vos.), valgan (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    Para la frase valer la pena, ver la otra entrada.
    1. VERBO TRANSITIVO
    1) (=costar) to cost

    solo el vuelo ya vale 8.000 euros — the flight alone costs 8,000 euros

    ¿cuánto vale?, ¿qué vale? — how much is it?, how much does it cost?

    2) (=tener un valor de) to be worth
    - no vale un higo o un pimiento
    - vale lo que pesa en oro
    3) (=ser causa de) [+ premio] to win; [+ críticas, amenazas] to earn
    4) (Mat) (=equivaler a) to equal
    5) (=proteger)

    ¡válgame (Dios)! — oh, my God!, God help me!

    2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO
    1) (=costar)

    ¿vale mucho? — is it very expensive?

    2) (=tener valía)

    vale mucho como intérpretehe's an excellent o first-rate interpreter

    hacer valer, hizo valer su derecho al veto — he exercised his veto

    hacerse valer — to assert o.s.

    valer por(=equivaler a) to be worth

    cada cupón vale por un paquete de azúcareach coupon is worth o can be exchanged for one bag of sugar

    3) (=servir)
    a) [herramienta, objeto] to be useful

    eso no vale — that's no good o use

    ya no me valeit's no good o use to me now

    este destornillador no me vale porque es pequeño — this screwdriver is no good to me, it's too small

    valer para algo, es viejo, pero vale para la lluvia — it's old, but it'll do for when it rains

    b) [ropa]
    c) [situación]
    d) [persona]

    no vales para nadayou're hopeless o useless, you're a dead loss *

    4) (=ser válido) [documento] to be valid; [moneda, billete] to be legal tender

    está un poco chiflado, valga la expresión — he's a bit cracked, for want of a better way of putting it

    ¡no hay... que valga! —

    -¡pero querido! -¡no hay querido que valga! — "but darling!" - "don't darling me!" *

    pero I, 2., 2), redundancia
    5)

    más vale, más vale así — it's better this way

    - mañana te devuelvo el dinero -más te vale — "I'll give you the money back tomorrow" - "you'd better!"

    más vale que me vayaI'd o I had better go

    más vale que te lleves el abrigoyou'd o you had better take your coat

    6) ( Esp) (=ser suficiente) to be enough

    vale ya, que habéis estado gritando toda la tarde — that's enough! you've been shouting all afternoon

    ¡vale, vale!, no me eches más azúcar — OK! that's enough! don't put any more sugar in

    -¿subo más la persiana? -no, así ya vale — "shall I put the blind up a bit more?" - "no, it's OK like that"

    7) * (=estar permitido) to be allowed

    -¿puedo darle con la mano? -no, eso no vale — "can I hit it with my hand?" - "no, that's not allowed"

    no vale empujar — no pushing!, pushing's not allowed

    -le han dado el trabajo al hijo del jefe -¡pues, eso no vale! — "they've given the job to the boss's son" - "that's not on!" *o"they can't do that!"

    8) vale
    ( Esp) * (=de acuerdo) all right, OK *

    -¿vamos a tomar algo? -¡vale! — "shall we go for a drink?" - "OK!" o"all right!"

    pásate por mi casa esta tarde, ¿vale? — drop by my house this afternoon, OK?

    vale que discutan, pero que se peguen es imperdonable — having an argument is one thing but hitting each other is another matter entirely o is inexcusable

    9)
    - me vale madre o sombrilla
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( tener un valor de) to be worth; ( costar) to cost

    ¿cuánto valen? — how much are they?, what do they cost?

    si x vale 8 ¿cuánto vale y? — if x is 8, what is the value of y?

    ¿cuánto vale un dólar en pesos? — how many pesos are there to the dollar?

    2) (+ me/te/le etc)
    a) ( ganar)
    b) ( causar)
    2.
    valer vi
    1)
    a) (+ compl) ( tener cierto valor) to be worth; ( costar) to cost

    vale más, pero es mejor — it costs more but it's better

    b) ( equivaler)

    hacer valer algo< derecho> to assert, enforce

    hizo valer su autoridadhe used o imposed his authority

    3) ( servir)

    ésta no vale, es muy ancha — this one's no good, it's too wide

    no valer para algoto be useless o no good at something

    valer de algo — (+ me/te/le etc)

    4) vale (Esp fam)

    valer! — sure, fine, OK!

    ¿valer? — OK?, all right?

    que llegues tarde una vez valer, pero... — being late once is one thing, but...

    b) ( basta)

    ¿valer así? — is that OK o enough?

    ya valer ¿no? — don't you think that's enough?

    5)

    más vale: más vale que no se entere she'd better not find out; más vale así it's better that way; (+ me/te/le etc) más te vale ir you'd better go; dijo que vendría - más le vale! he said he'd come - he'd better!; más vale prevenir que curar — better safe than sorry

    6)
    a) ( ser válido) entrada/pasaporte to be valid; jugada/partido to count

    valga la comparaciónif you know o see what I mean

    ... y valga la expresión —... for want o lack of a better expression

    eso no vale, estás haciendo trampa — that's not fair, you're cheating

    7) (Méx fam)
    a) ( no importar) (+ me/te/le etc)
    b) ( no tener valor) to be useless o no good (colloq)
    3.
    valerse v pron
    1) ( servirse)

    valerse de algo/alguien — to use something/somebody

    se valió de sus apellidos para conseguirlohe took advantage of o used the family name to obtain it

    2) anciano/enfermo

    valerse solo or por sí mismo — to look after oneself

    3) (estar permitido, ser correcto)
    * * *
    = be worth, cost, do.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado did, participio done.
    Ex. As an inveterate user of the British Museum Library he was able to confirm that 'a library is not worth anything without a catalogue'.
    Ex. The Mansell pre-1956 imprint catalog, in 604 volumes, is being edited at the rate of 20,000 entries a week, and is costing $1 million per year to edit.
    Ex. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, 'memex' will do.
    ----
    * enterarse (de) lo que vale un peine = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.
    * hacer valer = vindicate.
    * hacer valer sus derechos = assert + Posesivo + rights.
    * hacer valer una idea = enforce + idea.
    * lo que vale para tí también vale para mí = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
    * más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer = better the devil you know (than the devil you don't).
    * más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando = a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
    * más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine, better (to be) safe than sorry.
    * más vale que + Subjuntivo = might + as well + Verbo.
    * más vale tarde que nunca = better late than never.
    * no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.
    * no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.
    * no valer la pena = be no good.
    * que vale la pena = worthwhile.
    * todo vale = no holds barred.
    * una imagen vale más que mil palabras = a picture is worth more than ten thousand words.
    * una imagen vale mil palabras = every picture tells a story.
    * vale la mitad = half the price.
    * vale más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine.
    * valer el oro y el moro = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny.
    * valer la pena = be not for nothing, be worth it, be worthwhile, be worth + the effort, be worth + Posesivo + time.
    * valer la pena + Infinitivo = be worth + Gerundio, be worth + Gerundio.
    * valer la pena leer Algo = repay + reading.
    * valerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.
    * valer una fortuna = cost + a fortune.
    * valer un dineral = cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a fortune.
    * valer un montón = cost + a bundle.
    * valer un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.
    * valer un riñón = cost + an arm and a leg, cost + the earth, cost + a fortune.
    * ¡Válgame Dios! = goodness gracious.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( tener un valor de) to be worth; ( costar) to cost

    ¿cuánto valen? — how much are they?, what do they cost?

    si x vale 8 ¿cuánto vale y? — if x is 8, what is the value of y?

    ¿cuánto vale un dólar en pesos? — how many pesos are there to the dollar?

    2) (+ me/te/le etc)
    a) ( ganar)
    b) ( causar)
    2.
    valer vi
    1)
    a) (+ compl) ( tener cierto valor) to be worth; ( costar) to cost

    vale más, pero es mejor — it costs more but it's better

    b) ( equivaler)

    hacer valer algo< derecho> to assert, enforce

    hizo valer su autoridadhe used o imposed his authority

    3) ( servir)

    ésta no vale, es muy ancha — this one's no good, it's too wide

    no valer para algoto be useless o no good at something

    valer de algo — (+ me/te/le etc)

    4) vale (Esp fam)

    valer! — sure, fine, OK!

    ¿valer? — OK?, all right?

    que llegues tarde una vez valer, pero... — being late once is one thing, but...

    b) ( basta)

    ¿valer así? — is that OK o enough?

    ya valer ¿no? — don't you think that's enough?

    5)

    más vale: más vale que no se entere she'd better not find out; más vale así it's better that way; (+ me/te/le etc) más te vale ir you'd better go; dijo que vendría - más le vale! he said he'd come - he'd better!; más vale prevenir que curar — better safe than sorry

    6)
    a) ( ser válido) entrada/pasaporte to be valid; jugada/partido to count

    valga la comparaciónif you know o see what I mean

    ... y valga la expresión —... for want o lack of a better expression

    eso no vale, estás haciendo trampa — that's not fair, you're cheating

    7) (Méx fam)
    a) ( no importar) (+ me/te/le etc)
    b) ( no tener valor) to be useless o no good (colloq)
    3.
    valerse v pron
    1) ( servirse)

    valerse de algo/alguien — to use something/somebody

    se valió de sus apellidos para conseguirlohe took advantage of o used the family name to obtain it

    2) anciano/enfermo

    valerse solo or por sí mismo — to look after oneself

    3) (estar permitido, ser correcto)
    * * *
    = be worth, cost, do.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado did, participio done.

    Ex: As an inveterate user of the British Museum Library he was able to confirm that 'a library is not worth anything without a catalogue'.

    Ex: The Mansell pre-1956 imprint catalog, in 604 volumes, is being edited at the rate of 20,000 entries a week, and is costing $1 million per year to edit.
    Ex: It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, 'memex' will do.
    * enterarse (de) lo que vale un peine = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.
    * hacer valer = vindicate.
    * hacer valer sus derechos = assert + Posesivo + rights.
    * hacer valer una idea = enforce + idea.
    * lo que vale para tí también vale para mí = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
    * más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer = better the devil you know (than the devil you don't).
    * más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando = a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
    * más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine, better (to be) safe than sorry.
    * más vale que + Subjuntivo = might + as well + Verbo.
    * más vale tarde que nunca = better late than never.
    * no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.
    * no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.
    * no valer la pena = be no good.
    * que vale la pena = worthwhile.
    * todo vale = no holds barred.
    * una imagen vale más que mil palabras = a picture is worth more than ten thousand words.
    * una imagen vale mil palabras = every picture tells a story.
    * vale la mitad = half the price.
    * vale más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine.
    * valer el oro y el moro = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny.
    * valer la pena = be not for nothing, be worth it, be worthwhile, be worth + the effort, be worth + Posesivo + time.
    * valer la pena + Infinitivo = be worth + Gerundio, be worth + Gerundio.
    * valer la pena leer Algo = repay + reading.
    * valerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.
    * valer una fortuna = cost + a fortune.
    * valer un dineral = cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a fortune.
    * valer un montón = cost + a bundle.
    * valer un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.
    * valer un riñón = cost + an arm and a leg, cost + the earth, cost + a fortune.
    * ¡Válgame Dios! = goodness gracious.

    * * *
    valer [ E28 ]
    vt
    A
    1 (tener un valor de) to be worth; (costar) to cost
    no vale mucho dinero it isn't worth much
    ¿cuánto or ( crit) qué valen esas copas? how much are those wineglasses?, what do those wineglasses cost?
    pide $2.000 por el cuadro — pues no los vale she wants $2,000 for the picture — well, it's not worth that
    valer algo lo que pesa (en oro) ( fam); to be worth its weight in gold ( colloq)
    ese chico vale lo que pesa (en oro) that kid's worth his weight in gold
    2
    (equivaler a): si x vale 8 ¿cuánto vale y? if x is 8, what is the value of y?
    ¿cuánto vale un dólar en pesos? how much is a dollar worth in pesos?, how many pesos are there to the dollar?
    B (+ me/te/le etc)
    (ganar): le valió una bofetada it earned him a slap in the face
    esta obra le valió el premio nacional de literatura this play earned o won her the national literature prize
    C
    (causar): aquellas declaraciones le valieron un gran disgusto that statement brought him a lot of trouble o caused a lot of trouble for him
    ■ valer
    vi
    A
    1 (+ compl) (tener cierto valor) to be worth; (costar) to cost
    es de bisutería, vale muy poco it's costume jewelry, it's worth very little
    vale más caro pero es mejor it costs more o it's more expensive but it's better
    2 (equivaler) valer POR algo to be worth sth
    cada cupón vale por un regalo each voucher is worth a gift o can be exchanged for a gift
    las fichas negras valen por 50 pesos y las rojas por 100 the black chips are worth 50 pesos and the red ones 100
    B
    (tener valor no material): ha demostrado que vale he has shown his worth o how good he is
    es buena persona pero como profesor no vale nada he's a nice guy but as a teacher he's useless o he's a dead loss ( colloq)
    vales tanto como él you're as good as he is
    no valgo nada para el I mean nothing to him
    ella es preciosa pero él no vale nada she's very pretty but he's not much to look at o not very good-looking
    para esos fanáticos la vida no vale nada those fanatics place no value at all on life, life has no value for those fanatics
    su última novela no vale gran cosa her latest novel isn't much good o ( colloq) isn't up to much
    hacerse valer to assert oneself
    aprende a hacerte valer learn to be more assertive o to assert yourself o ( colloq) to stick up for yourself
    hacer valer algo: las minorías tienen que hacer valer sus derechos minorities must assert o enforce their rights
    hizo valer su autoridad he used o imposed his authority
    más vale un `toma' que dos `te daré' a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
    C
    1
    (servir): ésta no vale, es muy ancha this one's no good o no use, it's too wide
    valer PARA algo:
    no valgo para el deporte I'm useless o no use o no good at sport
    ¡no vales para nada! you're completely useless
    (+ me/te/le etc): no le valió de nada protestar protesting got him nowhere, his protests were to no avail
    sus consejos me han valido de mucho her advice has been very useful o valuable to me
    2
    ( Esp fam) «ropa/zapatos» (+ me/te/le etc): este abrigo ya no le vale this coat is no use to him any more
    los zapatos todavía le valen her shoes are still OK
    D vale ( Esp fam)
    ¿nos encontramos en la cafetería? — ¡valer! shall we meet in the cafeteria? sure o fine o OK!
    paso a buscarte a las ocho, ¿valer? I'll pick you up at eight, OK o all right?
    voy a llegar un poco más tarde — valer, no te preocupes I'll be a bit late — all right o OK, don't worry
    que llegues tarde una vez valer, pero tres días seguidos … being late once is one thing, but three days in a row …
    2
    (basta): ¿valer así o quieres más? is that OK o enough or do you want some more?
    ¡valer, valer, que no me quiero emborrachar! hey, that's enough o plenty! I don't want to get drunk!
    ya valer, ¿no? lleváis media hora discutiendo don't you think that's enough? you've been arguing for half an hour
    E
    más vale: más vale que no se entere she'd better not find out
    más vale que hagas lo que te dice you'd better do as he says
    se van a divorciarmás vale así they're getting divorced — it's better that way o it's the best thing for them
    (+ me/te/le etc): más te vale terminar a tiempo you'd better finish in time
    dijo que vendría temprano — ¡más le vale! he said he'd be here early — he'd better be!
    más vale prevenir que curar or ( Méx) lamentar prevention is better than cure
    F
    1 (ser válido) «billete/pasaporte/carné» to be valid
    ese pase no vale, está caducado that pass isn't valid o is no good, it's out of date
    las entradas valen para toda la semana the tickets are valid for the whole week, the tickets can be used throughout the week
    esta partida no vale, me ha visto las cartas this game doesn't count, he's seen my cards
    lo que le dije a él también vale para ti what I told him goes for you too
    no hay excusa que valga I don't want to hear o I won't accept any excuses
    he tomado la decisión y no hay discusión que valga I've made my decision and I don't want any arguments
    valga la comparación if you know o see what I mean
    se comporta como un `nuevo millonario', valga la expresión he behaves like some sort of `nouveau millionaire', for want o lack of a better expression
    2
    (estar permitido): eso no vale, estás haciendo trampa that's not fair, you're cheating
    no vale mirar you mustn't look, you're not allowed to look
    G
    1
    ( Méx fam) (no importar) (+ me/te/le etc): a mí eso me vale I don't give a damn about that ( colloq), I couldn't o ( AmE) I could care less about that ( colloq)
    eso me vale gorro or ( vulg) madres or ( vulg) una chingada I don't give a damn ( colloq) o ( vulg) a shit
    2 ( Méx fam) (no tener valor) to be useless o no good ( colloq)
    saben mucha teoría pero a la hora de la hora valen they know plenty of theoretical stuff but when it comes to the crunch they're useless o no good
    se las da de muy muy pero la neta es que vale gorro or ( vulg) madres he likes to make out he's really something but the truth is he's useless o (sl) he's crap
    3
    ( Méx fam) (estropearse) «coche/aparato»: mi coche ya valió my car's had it ( colloq)
    A (servirse) valerse DE algo/algn to use sth/sb
    se valió de sus apellidos para conseguir el crédito he took advantage of o used the family name to get the loan
    se vale de mentiras para lograr lo que quiere she lies to get what she wants
    se valía de un bastón para andar he used a stick to help him walk
    B
    «anciano/enfermo»: ya no se vale solo or no puede valerse por sí mismo he can't take care of o look after himself any more, he can't manage o cope on his own any more
    C
    (AmC, Méx, Ven) (estar permitido, ser correcto): no se vale golpear abajo del cinturón hitting below the belt is not allowed
    ¡no se vale! that's not fair!
    * * *

     

    valer ( conjugate valer) verbo transitivo
    1 ( tener un valor de) to be worth;
    ( costar) to cost;

    2 (+ me/te/le etc) ( ganar):
    esta obra le valió un premio this play earned o won her a prize

    verbo intransitivo
    1 (+ compl) ( tener cierto valor) to be worth;
    ( costar) to cost;
    vale más, pero es mejor it costs more but it's better;

    cada cupón vale por un regalo each voucher is worth a gift
    2 ( tener valor no material):

    como profesor no vale (nada) as a teacher he's useless;
    vales tanto como él you're as good as he is;
    hacerse valer to assert oneself;
    hacer valer algo ‹ derecho› to assert o enforce sth
    3 ( servir):
    esta no vale, es muy ancha this one's no good, it's too wide;

    no le valió de nada protestar protesting got him nowhere;
    no valer para algo to be useless o no good at sth
    4
    vale (Esp fam)


    ¿a las ocho? — ¡vale! at eight o'clock? — sure o fine o OK?;

    ¿vale? OK?, all right?
    b) ( basta):

    ¿valer así? is that OK o enough?

    5
    más vale: más vale así it's better that way;

    más te vale ir you'd better go
    6
    a) ( ser válido) [entrada/pasaporte] to be valid;

    [jugada/partido] to count

    eso no vale, estás haciendo trampa that's not fair, you're cheating;

    no vale mirar you're not allowed to look
    7 (Méx fam)


    b) ( no tener valor) to be useless o no good (colloq)



    valerse verbo pronominal
    1 ( servirse) valerse de algo/algn to use sth/sb
    2 [anciano/enfermo]:

    3 (estar permitido, ser correcto):

    ¡no se vale! that's not fair!
    valer
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (tener precio, costar) to cost
    2 (tener valor) to be worth ➣ Ver nota en worth
    3 (ser causa o motivo de) to earn: el suspenso le valió una reprimenda, he was told off for failing
    4 (merecer) to be worth: vale la pena leerlo, it is worth reading
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (ser meritorio) es una mujer que vale mucho, she is a fine woman
    2 (ser útil, capaz) vale para rastrillar hojas, it is used to rake up leaves
    no vale para estudiar, he is no good at studying
    de nada vale quejarse, it is useless to complain
    3 (ropa, zapatos) to fit: ya no me vale, it doesn't fit me anymore
    ' valer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pena
    - potosí
    - riñón
    - significar
    - real
    - valdré
    - vale
    - valga
    English:
    assert
    - fit
    - pay off
    - stake
    - stand
    - worth
    - enforce
    - pay
    - stick
    - worthless
    * * *
    vt
    1. [costar] [precio] to cost;
    [tener un valor de] to be worth;
    ¿cuánto vale? how much does it cost?, how much is it?;
    ¿cuántos pesos vale un dólar?, ¿cuánto vale un dólar en pesos? how many pesos are there to the dollar?;
    este cuadro vale mucho dinero this painting is worth a lot of money;
    valer su peso en oro to be worth its/his/ etc weight in gold
    2. [suponer] to earn;
    su generosidad le valió el afecto de todos her generosity earned her everyone's affection;
    esta victoria puede valerles el campeonato this win may be enough for them to take the championship;
    aquello nos valió muchos disgustos that cost us a lot of trouble
    3. [merecer] to deserve;
    esta noticia bien vale una celebración this news calls for a celebration
    4. [en exclamaciones]
    ¡válgame Dios! good God o heavens!
    vi
    1. [tener valor, merecer aprecio] [persona, película, obra] to be good;
    él era el que más valía en el equipo he was the most valuable member of the team;
    ha demostrado que vale he's shown his worth;
    el muchacho vale mucho the lad's very good;
    su mujer vale más que él his wife's worth more than him;
    la obra vale poco/no vale nada the play isn't worth much o Br isn't up to much/is no good at all;
    hacer valer algo [derechos, autoridad, poder] to assert sth;
    el equipo local hizo valer su superioridad the home team made its superiority count;
    hacerse valer to show one's worth
    2. [servir]
    eso aún vale you can still use that;
    tíralo, ya no vale throw it away, it's no use any more;
    ¿te vale este martillo/este sobre? is this hammer/this envelope any use to you?;
    valer de algo: sus consejos me valieron de mucho her advice proved of great value o use to me;
    de nada le valdrán o [m5] no le valdrán de nada sus artimañas all his tricks will be no good o of no use to him;
    de nada vale insistir o [m5] que insistamos there's no point (in) insisting, it's no use insisting;
    ¿de qué vale contratar un seguro si no cubre estos casos? what's the use of o the point in taking out an insurance policy if it doesn't cover cases like these?;
    valer para algo [objeto, instrumento, aparato] to be for sth;
    [persona, trabajador] to be good at sth;
    ¿para qué vale? [cosa] what's it for?;
    no vale para nada he's/she's/it's useless;
    yo no valgo para mentir I'm useless o no good at telling lies
    3. [ser válido] [documento, carnet, argumentos, norma] to be valid;
    [respuesta] to be correct;
    eso no vale [en juegos] that's not allowed;
    no me valen esas razones I don't consider those reasons to be acceptable o valid;
    esta moneda ya no vale this coin is no longer legal tender;
    vale el gol the goal stands;
    vale la canasta the basket still counts;
    no vale el gol/la canasta the goal/basket has been disallowed;
    esta carrera vale para el campeonato del mundo this race counts towards the world championship;
    valga la expresión if you'll pardon the expression;
    valga la redundancia if you'll forgive me for using two words that sound so similar in the same sentence;
    no hay … que valga: no hay disculpa que valga there are no excuses
    4. [equivaler]
    vale por 1.000 pesos it's worth 1,000 pesos;
    vale por una camiseta de regalo it can be exchanged for a free T-shirt
    5. Esp [ser la talla] to be the right size, to fit;
    ya no me vale la falda the skirt doesn't fit me any more
    6. Méx Fam [no importar] to be irrelevant;
    lo que él piense me vale I couldn't care less what he thinks
    7.
    más vale: más vale que te calles/vayas it would be better if you shut up/left;
    más vale que no trate de engañarnos he'd better not try to cheat us;
    la llamaré – ¡más te vale! I'll call her – you'd better!;
    más vale tarde que nunca better late than never
    nm
    Formal worth, value
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 be worth
    2 ( costar) cost
    II v/i
    1 de billete, carné be valid
    2 ( estar permitido) be allowed
    :
    vale mucho it’s worth a lot
    4 ( servir) be of use;
    no valer para algo be no good at sth;
    no valer para nada de objeto be useless;
    sus consejos me valieron de mucho his advice was very useful to me
    5 ( costar)
    :
    ¿cuánto vale? how much is it?;
    vale más caro it’s more expensive
    6 ( emplear)
    :
    el presidente hizo valer su voto de calidad para … the president used his casting vote to …
    7
    :
    más vale … it’s better to …;
    más te vale … amenaza you’d better …; consejo you’d be better to …
    8
    :
    ¡vale! okay, sure;
    ¿vale? okay?; ( amenaza) got it?;
    ¡eso no vale! that’s not fair!;
    ¡vale ya!, ¡ya vale! that’s enough!
    * * *
    valer {84} vt
    1) : to be worth
    valen una fortuna: they're worth a fortune
    no vale protestar: there's no point in protesting
    valer la pena: to be worth the trouble
    2) : to cost
    ¿cuánto vale?: how much does it cost?
    3) : to earn, to gain
    le valió una reprimenda: it earned him a reprimand
    4) : to protect, to aid
    ¡válgame Dios!: God help me!
    5) : to be equal to
    valer vi
    1) : to have value
    sus consejos no valen para nada: his advice is worthless
    2) : to be valid, to count
    ¡eso no vale!: that doesn't count!
    3)
    hacerse valer : to assert oneself
    4)
    más vale : it's better
    más vale que te vayas: you'd better go
    * * *
    valer vb
    1. (costar) to cost [pt. & pp. cost]
    ¿cuánto vale este libro? how much does this book cost?
    2. (tener el valor) to be worth
    3. (ganar) to earn
    4. (servir) to do / to be useful
    5. (tener cualidades) to be good
    esa película no vale nada that film is no good / that film is useless
    6. (ser válido) to be valid
    7. (ser permitido) to be allowed

    Spanish-English dictionary > valer

  • 46 par

    adj.
    1 even (number).
    2 equal (igual).
    m.
    a o en pares in pairs, two by two
    2 couple.
    un par de copas a couple of o a few drinks
    un par de veces a couple of times, a few times
    3 par.
    dos bajo/sobre par two under/over par
    4 peer (noble).
    5 equal, par, counterpart, match.
    6 even number.
    7 torque.
    8 rafter.
    9 placenta.
    * * *
    * * *
    1. noun m.
    1) pair, couple
    2) par
    3) peer
    2. adj.
    * * *
    SM ABR Esp
    = Partido Aragonés Regionalista
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo < número> even

    jugarse algo a pares o nones to decide something by guessing whether the number of objects held is odd or even

    II
    1)
    a) (de guantes, zapatos) pair

    un par de preguntas/de veces — a couple of questions/of times

    b) ( comparación) equal

    sin par — (liter) incomparable, matchless (liter)

    2) (Arquit) rafter
    3)
    4) ( en golf) par

    sobre/bajo par — over/under par

    5) (Hist) ( título) peer
    III

    a la par — (Fin) at par (value)

    estar a la par/por encima de la par — to be at/above par

    * * *
    I
    adjetivo < número> even

    jugarse algo a pares o nones to decide something by guessing whether the number of objects held is odd or even

    II
    1)
    a) (de guantes, zapatos) pair

    un par de preguntas/de veces — a couple of questions/of times

    b) ( comparación) equal

    sin par — (liter) incomparable, matchless (liter)

    2) (Arquit) rafter
    3)
    4) ( en golf) par

    sobre/bajo par — over/under par

    5) (Hist) ( título) peer
    III

    a la par — (Fin) at par (value)

    estar a la par/por encima de la par — to be at/above par

    * * *
    par1
    1 = peer.
    Nota: Noble.

    Ex: Not only are the standards written, but there is a body called the peer Council which works very hard at enforcing the standards.

    * evaluación por pares = peer review, refereeing, peer reviewing.
    * evaluado por pares = peer-reviewed, refereed.
    * evaluar anónimamente por pares = double-blind review.
    * primero entre pares = first among equals.
    * primo entre pares = primus inter pares.
    * revista evaluada por pares = refereed journal, peer-reviewed journal.
    * sin par = unequalled, unexampled, unsurpassed, unique unto itself, unique, without peer, unrivalled [unrivaled, -USA], without equal, matchless.
    * sistema de evaluación por pares anónima = double-blind refereeing system.

    par2
    2 = pair.

    Ex: Double KWIC and Permuterm indexes arrange pairs of keywords, so that the entries under one keyword are organised according to the second keyword.

    * abierto de par en par = wide open.
    * a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.
    * a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.
    * a pares = in pairs.
    * dejar la puerta abierta de par en par = leave + the door wide open.
    * desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.
    * en un par de segundos = in an instant or two.
    * estar a la par de = rank with.
    * hace un par de años = a couple of years ago.
    * ir a la par = proceed + in parallel.
    * ir a la par con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.
    * mantener a la par de = keep up with.
    * par de recién casados = newlywed couple.
    * par de torsión = torque.
    * par trenzado = twisted pair.
    * un par de = a couple of.
    * un par de minutos = a couple of moments.

    par3
    3 = even, even-numbered.

    Ex: Results of comparisons are given in a number of tables and examined by factors such as results obtained in even and odd years and results of votes taken in spring and autumn.

    Ex: More people vote in even-numbered years, so holding elections in odd-numbered years effectively disenfranchises thousands of voters.
    * número par = even number.
    * página par = even page.

    * * *
    par1
    ‹número› even
    jugarse algo a pares o nones to decide sth by guessing whether the number of objects held is odd or even
    par2
    A
    1 (de guantes, zapatos) pair
    dos pares de vaqueros two pairs of jeans
    ¿puedo hacerte un par de preguntas? can I ask you a couple of questions o one or two questions?
    sólo lo he visto un par de veces I've only seen him a couple of times o once or twice
    a pares two at a time, two by two
    de tres pares de narices ( fam): me ha echado una bronca de tres pares de narices he gave me a tremendous telling off o a hell of a telling off ( colloq), he really tore into me ( AmE colloq)
    hace un frío de tres pares de narices it's absolutely freezing!
    2 (comparación, igual) equal
    un atleta sin par an athlete without equal
    como ceramista no tiene par as a ceramicist he has no equal o he is unrivaled
    una mujer de una belleza/un talento sin par a woman of matchless beauty/unrivaled talent
    Compuestos:
    couple
    torque
    ordered pair
    B ( Arquit) rafter
    de par en par wide open
    ¿quién dejó la puerta abierta de par en par? who left the door wide open?
    abrió la boca de par en par she opened her mouth wide
    C
    al par ver par3 (↑ par (3))
    D (en golf) par
    dos golpes sobre/bajo par two strokes over/under par
    E ( Hist) (título) peer
    par3
    par
    a la par ( Fin) at par, at par value
    estar a la par/por encima de la par/por debajo de la par to be at/above/below par
    una cocina imaginativa a la par que sana or una cocina imaginativa y a la par sana cooking that is both imaginative and healthy
    el guaraní es lengua oficial a la par del castellano Guarani is an official language on a par with o along with Spanish
    baila a la par que toca la armónica he dances and plays the harmonica at the same time
    * * *

     

    par adjetivo ‹ número even;
    jugarse algo a pares o nones to decide sth by guessing whether the number of objects held is odd or even

    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (de guantes, zapatos) pair;

    un par de preguntas/de veces a couple of questions/of times;

    a pares two at a time

    sin par (liter) incomparable, matchless (liter)

    2 (Arquit) rafter;

    3 ( en golf) par;
    sobre/bajo par over/under par

    ■ sustantivo femenino
    par;

    sabroso a la par que sano both tasty and healthy;
    baila a la par que canta he dances and sings at the same time
    par
    I adj Mat even
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 (conjunto de dos) pair
    un par de calcetines, a pair of socks
    (número reducido, dos) couple: bebimos un par de copas, we had a couple of drinks
    2 Mat even number
    pares y nones, odds and evens
    3 (noble) peer
    4 Golf par
    cinco bajo par, five under par
    ♦ Locuciones: a la par, (a la vez) at the same time
    de par en par, wide open
    figurado sin par, matchless

    ' par' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abierta
    - abierto
    - ablandar
    - antonomasia
    - binomio
    - bofetada
    - caminar
    - desliz
    - durante
    - esquí
    - excelencia
    - gachó
    - mediar
    - nominal
    - número
    - pincelada
    - altura
    - igual
    - manubrio
    - parejo
    - reserva
    English:
    couple
    - cuff links
    - even
    - gape
    - incomparable
    - lie down
    - match
    - neck
    - pair
    - par
    - peer
    - pin up
    - spoonful
    - stocking
    - underpants
    - unrivaled
    - unrivalled
    - wide open
    - brace
    - premium
    - take
    - trousers
    - unsurpassed
    - wide
    * * *
    adj
    1. [número] even;
    echar algo a pares o nones = to decide something between two people by a game in which each holds out a certain number of fingers behind their back, predicts whether the total will be odd or even, then reveals their hand to the other
    2. [igual] equal
    nm
    1. [conjunto] [de zapatos, guantes] pair;
    a o [m5] en pares in pairs, two by two;
    Vulg
    es un tipo con un par de cojones o [m5] huevos he's got guts o balls
    2. [dos] couple;
    tardaré un par de días it'll take me a couple of days;
    Fam Hum
    de tres pares de narices: está cayendo una tormenta de tres pares de narices there's an almighty storm going on;
    tengo un lumbago de tres pares de narices I've got horrendous lumbago
    3. [número indeterminado] couple;
    un par de copas a couple of drinks;
    un par de veces a couple of times
    4. [número par] even number
    5. [en golf] par;
    dos bajo/sobre par two under/over par;
    hacer par en un hoyo to par a hole
    6. [noble] peer
    7. Fís couple
    par de fuerzas couple;
    8.
    sin par [sin comparación] without equal, matchless;
    de una belleza sin par incomparably beautiful
    9.
    (abierto) de par en par [puerta, ventana, boca] wide open
    10. Tel par trenzado twisted pair
    a la par loc adv
    1. [simultáneamente] at the same time;
    los dos llegaron a la par they both arrived at the same time
    2. [a igual nivel] at the same level;
    se han colocado a la par de la competencia they have put themselves on an equal footing with their competitors
    3. Fin at par;
    el dólar cotiza a la par con el euro the dollar is trading at par with the euro
    * * *
    I f par;
    es bella a la par que inteligente she is beautiful as well as intelligent, she is both beautiful and intelligent;
    a la par COM at par (value);
    sin par unequaled, Br unequalled, unparalleled
    II m pair;
    un par de a pair of;
    a pares in pairs, two by two;
    * * *
    par adj
    : even (in number)
    par nm
    1) : pair, couple
    2) : equal, peer
    sin par: matchless, peerless
    3) : par (in golf)
    4) : rafter
    5)
    de par en par : wide open
    par nf
    1) : par
    por encima de la par: above par
    2)
    a la par que : at the same time as, as well as
    interesante a la par que instructivo: both interesting and informative
    * * *
    par1 adj even
    par2 n
    1. (de zapatos, etc) pair

    Spanish-English dictionary > par

  • 47 peronismo

    1 Peronism
    * * *
    PERONISMO General Juan Domingo Perón (1895-1974) came to power in Argentina in 1946, on a social justice platform known as justicialismo. He aimed to break Argentina's dependence on exports by developing the domestic economy through state-led industrialization. Peronismo stood for nationalization of industry, trade unions, paid holidays, the welfare state and the provision of affordable housing. Women were given the vote in 1947, a move championed by Perón's charismatic wife "Evita" (María Eva Duarte). Following her death in 1952, Perón's support began to crumble and he was driven into exile in 1955. His party was banned for almost a decade and did not regain power until 1973, when he was recalled from exile to become President. He died the following year. Peronismo as a movement has survived, and the Peronist party returned to power in 1989 under Carlos Menem.
    * * *
    masculino Peronism
    •• Cultural note:
    A political movement, known officially as justicialismo, named for the populist politician Colonel Juan Domingo Perón, elected President of Argentina in 1946. An admirer of Italian fascism, Perón claimed always to be a champion of the workers and the poor, the descamisados (shirtless ones), to whom his first wife Eva Duarte (`Evita') became a sort of icon, especially after her death in 1952. Although he instituted some social reforms, Perón's regime proved increasingly repressive and he was ousted in an army coup in 1955. He returned from exile to become president again in 1973, but died in office a year later. His Partido Justicialista governed Argentina again from 1989 to 1999 under President Carlos Saúl Menem
    * * *
    masculino Peronism
    •• Cultural note:
    A political movement, known officially as justicialismo, named for the populist politician Colonel Juan Domingo Perón, elected President of Argentina in 1946. An admirer of Italian fascism, Perón claimed always to be a champion of the workers and the poor, the descamisados (shirtless ones), to whom his first wife Eva Duarte (`Evita') became a sort of icon, especially after her death in 1952. Although he instituted some social reforms, Perón's regime proved increasingly repressive and he was ousted in an army coup in 1955. He returned from exile to become president again in 1973, but died in office a year later. His Partido Justicialista governed Argentina again from 1989 to 1999 under President Carlos Saúl Menem
    * * *
    peronismo (↑ peronismo a1)
    Peronism
    A political movement, known officially as justicialismo, named for the populist politician Colonel Juan Domingo Perón, elected President of Argentina in 1946. An admirer of Italian fascism, Perón claimed always to be a champion of the workers and the poor, the descamisados (shirtless ones), to whom his first wife Eva Duarte (`Evita') became a sort of icon, especially after her death in 1952. Although he instituted some social reforms, Perón's regime proved increasingly repressive and he was ousted in an army coup in 1955. He returned from exile to become president again in 1973, but died in office a year later. His Partido Justicialista won the 2007 elections led by Alicia Fernández de Kirchner.
    * * *
    Pol Peronism
    * * *
    m Peronism

    Spanish-English dictionary > peronismo

  • 48 vos

    pron.
    * * *
    1 coloquial (usted) thou, you; (Dios) Thou
    * * *
    pron.
    * * *
    pronombre personal
    1) [Familiar form of address which is widely used instead of mainly in the River Plate area and parts of Central America]
    a) ( como sujeto) you

    ¿quién lo va a hacer? - vos — who's going to do it? - you (are)

    che, vos — hey, you

    b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

    más/menos que vos — more/less than you

    para/sin vos — for/without you

    c) ( uno) you
    2) (arc) (sing) thou (arch or dial); ( con preposiciones) thee (arch or dial); (pl) ye (arch)

    en Vos confío — (Relig) in Thee I trust

    * * *
    pronombre personal
    1) [Familiar form of address which is widely used instead of mainly in the River Plate area and parts of Central America]
    a) ( como sujeto) you

    ¿quién lo va a hacer? - vos — who's going to do it? - you (are)

    che, vos — hey, you

    b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

    más/menos que vos — more/less than you

    para/sin vos — for/without you

    c) ( uno) you
    2) (arc) (sing) thou (arch or dial); ( con preposiciones) thee (arch or dial); (pl) ye (arch)

    en Vos confío — (Relig) in Thee I trust

    * * *
    ¿quién lo va a hacer? — vos who's going to do it? — you (are)
    che, vos ¿esto es tuyo? ( RPl); hey, you, o hey, is this yours?
    ¿sos vos, Leticia? is that you, Leticia?
    vos misma lo dijiste you said so yourself
    2 (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you
    más/menos que vos more/less than you
    para/sin vos for/without you
    3 (uno) you, one ( frml)
    te venden las piezas y vos tenés que armarlo they sell you the parts and you have to put it together yourself
    B ( arc) ( sing) thou ( archor dial); (con preposiciones) thee ( archor dial); (pl) ye ( arch)
    en Vos confío ( Relig) in Thee I trust
    * * *

    vos pron pers Familiar form of address which is widely used instead of
    mainly in the River Plate area and parts of Central America

    1 (como sujeto, en comparaciones, con preposición) you;
    ¿quién lo va a hacer? — vos who's going to do it?you (are);

    che, vos hey, you;
    vos misma lo dijiste you said so yourself;
    menos que vos less than you;
    para/sin vos for/without you
    2 ( uso impersonal) you;

    vos pron pers
    1 LAm you
    2 arc (usted) ye, you
    ' vos' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    vosear
    - voseo
    English:
    you
    * * *
    vos pron personal
    Am
    1. [sujeto] you;
    ¿quién dijo eso? – ¡vos! who said that? – you did!;
    vas a tener que hacerlo vos mismo you'll have to do it (all by) yourself
    2. [objeto, atributo] you;
    ¿sos vos? [cuando llaman] is it you?
    3. [complemento con preposición o conjunción] you;
    entre vos y yo between you and me, just between the two of us;
    excepto/según vos apart from/according to you;
    hablar o [m5] tratar de vos a alguien = to address sb as “vos”, i.e. not using the formal “usted” form
    4. [vocativo]
    ¡che, vos! hey, you!;
    ¡vos, correte! you, get out of the way!, get out of the way, you!
    5. [impersonal] you;
    vos cuando votás pensás que va a servir de algo when you vote you think it's going to make a difference
    * * *
    abr (= versión original subtitulada) original language version with subtitles
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > vos

  • 49 compte

    compte [kɔ̃t]
    ━━━━━━━━━
    ━━━━━━━━━
    1. <
    comment as-tu fait ton compte pour arriver si tard ? how did you manage to get here so late?
       b. ( = nombre exact) right number
    j'ai ajouté 15 € pour faire le compte I've added 15 euros to make up the full amount
       f. ( = facture) invoice ; [d'hôtel, restaurant] bill (Brit), check (US)
    pourriez-vous me faire mon compte ? would you make out my bill?
    rendre des comptes à qn to explain o.s. to sb
       i. (locutions)
    à ce compte-là ( = dans ce cas) in that case ; ( = à ce train-là) at this rate
    se rendre compte de qch/que ( = réaliser) to realize sth/that
    est-ce que tu te rends compte de ce que tu dis ? do you realize what you are saying?
    il a osé dire ça, tu te rends compte ! he dared say that - can you believe it!tenir compte de qn/qch to take sb/sth into account
    sur le compte de ( = à propos de) about
    on m'en a raconté de belles sur son compte ! I was told a few interesting stories about him!
    2. <
    compte rendu account ; [de livre, film] review ; (sur travaux en cours) progress report
    * * *
    kɔ̃t
    1.
    nom masculin
    1) ( calcul) count

    faire le compte de quelque choseto work out [dépenses, recettes]; to count (up) [personnes, objets]

    comment fais-tu ton compte pour faire...? — fig how do you manage to do...?

    tout compte fait — ( tout bien considéré) all things considered; ( en fait) when all is said and done

    en fin de compte — ( pour conclure) at the end of the day

    tout compte fait or en fin de compte, c'est lui qui avait raison — when all is said and done, he was right

    2) ( résultat) ( d'argent) amount; (d'objets, heures, de personnes) number

    le compte y est — ( en argent) that's the right amount; (en objets, personnes) all present and correct

    le compte n'y est pas, il n'y a pas le compte — ( en argent) that's not the right amount; (en objets, personnes) that's not the right number

    il a son compte — (colloq) ( battu ou tué) he's done for (colloq); ( ivre) he's had a drop too much

    nous avons eu notre compte d'ennuisfig we've had more than our fair share of problems

    prendre quelque chose en compte, tenir compte de quelque chose — to take something into account

    être or travailler à son compte — to be self-employed

    se mettre or s'installler or s'établir à son compte — to set up one's own business

    5) ( en comptabilité) account
    6) Finance account

    compte bancaire or en banque — bank account

    7) Commerce ( ardoise) account

    mettre quelque chose sur le compte de quelqu'unlit to charge something to somebody's account; fig to put something down to somebody

    9) (explication, rapport)

    rendre compte de quelque chose à quelqu'un — ( rapporter) to give an account of something to somebody; ( justifier) to account for something to somebody

    rendre des comptes à quelqu'un[responsable] to be answerable to somebody

    se rendre compte de — ( être conscient) to realize; ( remarquer) to notice

    11) ( sujet)
    12) Sport ( en boxe) count

    2.
    à bon compte locution adverbiale lit ( à peu de frais) [acheter] cheap; [acquérir, voyager] cheaply; fig ( sans difficulté) the easy way
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    kɔ̃t
    1. nm
    1) (= total, montant) count, number

    Le compte des bulletins de vote prendra du temps. — It will take time to count the voting slips.

    Le compte est bon. — That's the right amount.

    2) (bancaire) account

    J'ai déposé le chèque sur mon compte. — I've paid the cheque into my account.

    Mettez-le sur mon compte. — Charge it to my account.

    à ce compte-là (= dans ce cas) — in that case, (= à ce train-là) at that rate

    à bon compte; s'en tirer à bon compte — to get off lightly

    rendre compte de qch (= relater) — to give an account of sth, (en assumant une responsabilité) to account for sth

    rendre compte de qch à qn (= relater) — to give sb an account of sth, (en assumant une responsabilité) to account to sb for sth

    tenir compte de [fait, circonstances] — to take into account, [conseils] to take notice of

    Ils ont tenu compte de mon expérience. — They took my experience into account.

    Il n'a pas tenu compte de mes conseils. — He took no notice of my advice.

    sur le compte de qn (= à son sujet)about sb

    en fin de compte fig — when all is said and done, at the end of the day

    Le voyage ne s'est pas mal passé, en fin de compte. — The journey wasn't bad, all things considered.

    régler un compte (= s'acquitter de qch) — to settle an account, (= se venger) to get one's own back

    2. comptes nmpl
    1) (comptabilité) accounts, books

    faire les comptes — to do the accounts, to do the books

    * * *
    A nm
    1 ( calcul) count; faire le compte de qch to work out [dépenses, recettes]; to count (up) [personnes, objets]; si je fais le compte de ce qu'il me doit if I work out what he owes me; le compte est bon that works out right; j'ai fait le compte des chocolats qui restaient I counted up how many chocolates were left; tenir le compte de qch to keep count of sth; elle tient un compte précis de ses heures supplémentaires she keeps an exact count of her extra hours; comment fais-tu ton compte pour faire…? fig how do you manage to do…?; au bout du compte ( pour constater) in the end; tout compte fait ( tout bien considéré) all things considered; ( en fait) when all is said and done; en fin de compte ( pour conclure) at the end of the day; tout compte fait or en fin de compte, c'est lui qui avait raison when all is said and done, HE was right;
    2 ( résultat) ( d'argent) amount; (d'objets, heures, de personnes) number; le compte y est ( en argent) that's the right amount; (en objets, personnes) all present and correct; le compte n'y est pas, il n'y a pas le compte ( en argent) that's not the right amount; (en objets, personnes) that's not the right number; il y a 28 élèves, le compte y est/n'y est pas there are 28 pupils, everybody's here/somebody's missing ou ( plusieurs personnes) some are missing; il devrait rester 15 pots de confiture, le compte n'y est pas there should be 15 jars of jam left, but they're not all there; faire le compte ( en argent) to come to the right amount; (en personnes, objets) to come to the right number; voici 20 euros, cela devrait faire le compte here's 20 euros, that should be about right; même si chacun ajoute 3 euros cela ne fera pas le compte even if everybody puts in another 3 euros, it still won't come to the right amount; avoir son compte d'heures de sommeil to get the right amount of sleep; il a son compte (battu, tué) he's done for; ( ivre) he's had a drop too much; nous avons eu notre compte d'ennuis fig we've had more than our fair share of problems; à ce compte-là ( dans ces conditions) in that case;
    3 ( considération) prendre qch en compte, tenir compte de qch to take sth into account; compte tenu de considering;
    4 ( intérêt personnel) être à son compte to be self-employed; travailler à son compte to work for oneself; se mettre or s'installler or s'établir à son compte to set up one's own business; reprendre un commerce à son compte to take over a business in one's own name; prendre des jours de congé à son compte to take a few days off without pay ou to take a few days' unpaid leave; pour le compte de qn on behalf of sb; y trouver son compte to get something out of it; ils ont abandonné l'enquête, beaucoup ont dû y trouver leur compte they abandoned the enquiry GB ou inquiry US, that must have suited a lot of people; faire le compte de qn to benefit sb; les livres publiés à compte d'auteur books published at the author's expense;
    5 Compta account; passer or mettre en compte to place [sth] to account [somme]; être en compte avec qn to have money matters to settle with sb; faire ses comptes [commerçant, ménagère] to do one's accounts; tenir les comptes [commerçant, ménagère, comptable] to keep the accounts; c'est moi qui tiens les comptes à la maison I keep the household accounts; ⇒ ami, ligne;
    6 Fin account; compte bancaire or en banque bank account; compte gelé/sans mouvement frozen/dormant account; avoir un compte dans une banque to have an account with a bank; avoir un compte en Suisse to have a Swiss bank account; avoir 1 000 euros sur son compte to have 1,000 euros in one's account; verser de l'argent or faire un versement sur un compte to pay money into an account; retirer de l'argent de son compte to withdraw (some) money from one's account; un compte au nom de… an account in the name of…;
    7 Comm ( ardoise) account; j'ai un compte chez un libraire I have an account with a bookshop GB ou bookstore; mettre qch sur le compte de qn lit to charge sth to sb's account; fig to put sth down to sb; il l'a mis sur le compte de la fatigue he put it down to tiredness;
    8 ( somme à payer) voilà votre compte here's your money; demander son compte à qn to hand in one's notice to sb; donner son compte à qn to give sb notice; recevoir son compte ( être payé) to be paid; ( être renvoyé) to be given one's notice;
    9 (explication, rapport) rendre compte de qch à qn ( rapporter) to give an account of sth to sb; ( justifier) to account for sth to sb; je n'ai pas à te rendre compte de mes actions I don't have to account for my actions to you; rendre des comptes à qn [responsable] to be answerable to sb; je n'ai pas de comptes à te rendre I don't have to answer to you; demander des comptes à qn to ask for an explanation from sb;
    10 ( notion nette) se rendre compte de ( être conscient) to realize; ( remarquer) to notice; il ne s'est pas rendu compte du mal qu'il avait fait he didn't realize the harm he had done; tout cela s'est passé si vite que je ne me suis rendu compte de rien it all happened so quickly that I didn't realize what was going on; tu ne te rends pas compte que c'est dangereux! don't you realize how dangerous it is?; je ne me suis pas rendu compte de l'heure I didn't notice the time; se rendre compte de la difficulté d'une tâche to realize how difficult a job is; je ne me suis jamais rendu compte que I never realized that;
    11 ( sujet) sur le compte de qn about sb; je ne sais rien sur leur compte I don't know anything about them;
    12 Sport ( en boxe) count; pour le compte for the count.
    B à bon compte loc adv lit ( à peu de frais) [acheter] cheap; [acquérir, voyager] cheaply; fig ( sans difficulté) the easy way; avoir qch à bon compte to get sth cheap; étudiant qui a obtenu son diplôme à bon compte student who got his degree the easy way; s'en tirer à bon compte to get off lightly; s'en tirer à bon compte avec un bras cassé to get off (lightly) with a broken arm.
    compte d'affectation Compta appropriation account; compte d'amortissement Compta depreciation account; compte de bilan Compta balance sheet; compte bloqué Fin blocked account; compte chèques Fin current account GB, checking account US; compte chèque postal, CCP Fin, Postes post office account; compte client Compta accounts receivable; Fin customer account; compte courant Fin = compte chèques; compte de dépôt Fin deposit account; compte d'épargne Fin savings account; compte d'épargne logement, CEL Fin savings account entitling depositor to cheap mortgage; compte d'exploitation Compta trading account; compte fournisseurs Compta accounts payable, payables US; compte joint Fin joint account; compte sur livret Fin savings account; compte numéroté Fin numbered account; compte de pertes et profits Compta profit and loss account; ce livre a disparu! encore un à mettre au compte des pertes et profits! fig the book has disappeared! another one we can say goodbye to!; compte à rebours countdown; le compte à rebours de la campagne est commencé fig the run-up to the elections has started; compte rémunéré Fin interest-bearing (current GB ou checking US) account; compte de résultat Compta profit and loss account; compte de situation = compte de bilan; compte de soutien Admin, Fin state support fund (à for); compte à vue = compte chèques; comptes d'apothicaire complicated calculations.
    [kɔ̃t] nom masculin
    A.[CALCUL, SOMME CALCULÉE]
    1. [opération] counting
    a. [personnes] to count (up)
    b. [dépenses] to add up
    quand on fait le compte... when you reckon it all up...
    compte à rebours (sens propre & figuré) countdown
    2. [résultat] (sum) total
    je vous remercie, monsieur, le compte est bon ou y est! thank you sir, that's right!
    a. [personnes] they're not all here ou there, some are missing
    b. [dépenses] it doesn't add up
    comment fais-tu ton compte pour te tromper à chaque fois/pour que tout le monde soit mécontent? how do you manage to get it wrong every time/manage it so (that) nobody's satisfied?
    3. [avantage]
    j'y trouve mon compte I do well out of it, it works out well for me
    il n'y trouvait pas son compte, alors il est parti
    a. [il ne gagnait pas assez d'argent] he wasn't doing well enough out of it, so he left
    b. [dans une relation] he wasn't getting what he wanted out of it, so he left
    4. [dû]
    il a déjà son compte (familier) [il a beaucoup bu] he's had quite enough to drink already, he's had a skinful
    b. (familier, figuré & familier) to get the sack (UK) ou one's marching orders
    b. (familier, figuré & familier) to give somebody a piece of one's mind
    régler ses comptes [mettre en ordre ses affaires] to put one's affairs in order
    son compte est bon (familier) he's had it, he's done for
    B.[DANS LE DOMAINE FINANCIER ET COMMERCIAL]
    1. [de dépôt, de crédit] account
    2. [facture] bill, check (US)
    faites-moi ou préparez-moi le compte may I have the bill, please?
    3. [bilan]
    C.[LOCUTIONS]
    1. [argent]
    à mon/son etc. compte: reprendre à son compte
    b. [idée, écrit] to adopt
    être ou travailler à son compte to be self-employed
    il est à son compte he's his own boss, he's set up on his own
    en compte: passer ou porter une somme en compte
    a. [recette] to credit a sum
    b. [dépense] to debit a sum
    nous sommes en compte, vous me réglerez tout à la fin as we're doing business together, you may pay me in full at the end
    2. [explication, compréhension]
    demander des comptes à quelqu'un to ask somebody for an explanation of something, to ask somebody to account for something
    rendre des comptes (à quelqu'un) to give ou to offer (somebody) an explanation
    prendre quelque chose en compte [prendre en considération] to take something into account ou consideration
    te rends-tu compte de ce que tu fais? do you realize ou really understand what you're doing?
    on lui a collé une étiquette dans le dos mais il ne s'en est pas rendu compte somebody stuck a label on his back but he didn't notice
    non mais, tu te rends compte! (familier) [indignation] can you believe it?
    tenir compte de quelque chose to take account of something, to take something into account
    compte tenu de in view ou in the light of
    ————————
    comptes nom masculin pluriel
    faire/tenir les comptes to do/to keep the accounts
    ————————
    à bon compte locution adverbiale
    [acheter] cheap, cheaply
    b. [sans conséquences graves] to get off lightly
    ————————
    à ce compte locution adverbiale,
    à ce compte-là locution adverbiale
    [selon ce raisonnement] looking at it ou taking it that way
    ————————
    pour compte locution adverbiale
    ————————
    pour le compte locution adverbiale
    pour le compte de locution prépositionnelle
    elle travaille pour le compte d'une grande société she works for a large firm, she freelances for a large firm
    ————————
    pour mon compte locution adverbiale,
    pour son compteetc. locution adverbiale
    for my/his etc. part, as for me/him etc.
    ————————
    sur le compte de locution prépositionnelle
    1. [à propos de] on, about, concerning
    tout compte fait locution adverbiale,
    tous comptes faits locution adverbiale

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > compte

  • 50 crédit

    crédit [kʀedi]
    masculine noun
       a. ( = paiement différé) credit
    faites-moi crédit, je vous paierai la semaine prochaine let me have it on credit - I'll pay you next week
    « la maison ne fait pas crédit » "no credit"
    acheter/vendre qch à crédit to buy/sell sth on credit
       b. ( = prêt) loan
       c. ( = excédent d'un compte) credit
    vous avez 3 500 € à votre crédit you are 3,500 euros in credit
       d. (gén pl = fonds) crédits funds
       e. ( = confiance) credit ; ( = réputation) reputation
    c'est à mettre or porter à son crédit it's to his credit
       f. ( = unité de valeur) credit
    * * *
    kʀedi
    nom masculin
    1) ( somme allouée) funds (pl)

    nous disposons d'un crédit de 2000 euros — we have funds of 2,000 euros

    les crédits de la recherche/défense — research/defence [BrE] funding ou budget

    2) ( avance de fonds) credit [U]
    3) Finance credit

    porter une somme au crédit de quelqu'un or d'un compte — to credit somebody's account with a sum of money

    4) ( considération) credibility

    mettre or porter quelque chose au crédit de quelqu'un — fig to give somebody credit for something

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    kʀedi
    1. nm
    1) FINANCE, COMMERCE credit
    2) (= confiance)

    accorder du crédit à [histoire, thèse, discours, prédictions] — to give credence to, [personne, journal, gouvernement] to have faith in

    2. crédits nmpl
    (budget) funds
    * * *
    crédit nm
    1 ( somme allouée) funds (pl); nous disposons d'un crédit de 20 000 euros we have funds of 20,000 euros; voter un crédit to allocate funds; nos crédits sont épuisés we have run out of funds; injecter des crédits supplémentaires to pump in additional funds ou money; les crédits de la recherche/défense research/defenceGB funding ou budget;
    2 ( avance de fonds) credit ¢; accorder or octroyer un crédit à qn to grant credit terms ou facilities to sb; conditions de crédit credit terms; crédits à court/long terme short-term/long-term credit; organisme or société or établissement de crédit credit institution; six mois de crédit gratuit six months interest-free credit; faire crédit à qn to give sb credit; ‘la maison ne fait pas crédit’ ‘no credit given’; acheter qch à crédit to buy sth on credit; une offre de crédit a credit offer;
    3 Compta credit; la colonne des débits et des crédits the debit/credit side; votre crédit est de 1 500 euros you are 1,500 euros in credit; porter une somme au crédit de qn or d'un compte Compta to credit sb's account with a sum of money;
    4 ( considération) credibility; disposer d'un or jouir d'un or avoir un grand crédit to have a lot of credibility; mettre or porter qch au crédit de qn fig to give sb credit for sth; n'avoir plus aucun crédit not to have any credibility any more.
    crédit acheteur buyer credit; crédit bancaire bank credit; crédit en blanc unsecured credit; crédit budgétaire budget appropriation; crédit à la consommation consumer credit; crédit croisé cross currency swap; crédit documentaire documentary credit; crédit de fonctionnement administrative appropriation; crédit immobilier homebuyer's loan; crédit d'impôt tax credit; crédit municipal pawnshop; crédit permanent revolving credit; crédit public public credit.
    [kredi] nom masculin
    1. BANQUE [actif] credit
    [en comptabilité] credit, credit side
    porter 100 euros au crédit de quelqu'un to credit somebody ou somebody's account with 100 euros, to credit 100 euros to somebody ou somebody's account
    j'ai 2 890 euros à mon crédit I am 2,890 euros in credit
    2. COMMERCE [paiement différé, délai] credit
    [somme allouée] credit
    faire crédit à quelqu'un to give somebody credit, to give credit to somebody
    ‘la maison ne fait ou nous ne faisons pas crédit’ ‘no credit’
    accorder/obtenir un crédit to grant/to obtain credit
    crédit à long/court terme long-term/short-term credit
    crédit gratuit/illimité free/unlimited credit
    crédit personnalisé individual ou personal credit arrangement ou facility
    crédit relais, crédit-relais bridging loan
    3. (soutenu) [confiance, estime] credibility, esteem
    b. [histoire] to find credence with ou to be believed by somebody
    ————————
    crédits nom masculin pluriel
    [fonds] funds
    accorder des crédits to grant ou to allocate funds
    [autorisation de dépenses]
    ————————
    à crédit locution adjectivale
    → link=vente vente
    ————————
    à crédit locution adverbiale
    ————————
    à mon crédit locution adverbiale,
    à son crédit etc. locution adverbiale
    to my/her etc. credit
    c'est à mettre ou porter à son crédit one must credit him with it
    ————————
    de crédit locution adjectivale
    [agence, établissement] credit (modificateur)

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > crédit

  • 51 dádiva entregada como resultado de un voto

    • ex-voto
    • offering given as a result of a vote
    • votive
    • vouch

    Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > dádiva entregada como resultado de un voto

  • 52 dádiva por cumplimiento de voto

    • ex-voto
    • offering given as a result of a vote
    • votive
    • vouch

    Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > dádiva por cumplimiento de voto

  • 53 exvoto

    • ex-voto
    • offering given as a result of a vote
    • votive
    • vouch

    Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > exvoto

  • 54 ofrenda votiva

    • offering given as a result of a vote
    • votive
    • vouch

    Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > ofrenda votiva

  • 55 Extremism

       Compared to most of its European neighbours, France is a country with a surprising level of tolerance of extremism. For instance, in the first round of the 2002 Presidential elections, virtually a third of all votes cast went to an extremist candidate in the first round of voting, on a turnout of 71% of the electorate. Almost 20% of votes went to the extreme right-wing Front National or ex-FN candidates, and 13.81% was split among four trotskyist or communist candidates. While this can be seen in part as a form of protest vote, or lack of confidence in mainstream political parties, it also illustrates the degree to which France remains a polarised society.
       Extremism has long historic roots in France, going back to absolutism and the collaboration of the Vichy régime on the one hand, and the excesses of the French Revolution on the other. However its current vigour can also be attributed to the fact that mainstream political parties in modern France, on the left and on the right, have done their bit to strenghten the position of extremist parties. Conservative parties have a long history of assimilating centre-left and socialist parties with the Communists and other far-left parties, while the Socialists have persistently sought to make political capital by portraying the mainstream conservative parties as the natural bedfellows of the far right. The paradoxical result has been to give credence and respectability to extremist parties and leaders such as Jean Marie Le Pen of the National Front, or Arlette Laguiller of Lutte Ouvrière.
       Furthermore, in their keenness to demonstrate even-handedness, French television stations and the media have persistently given coverage to charismatic politicians of the left and the right, turning people such as Le Pen, Laguiller or more recently Olivier Besancenot, into popular chat-show guests.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Extremism

  • 56 ofrenda votiva

    f.
    votive offering, offering given as a result of a vote.

    Spanish-English dictionary > ofrenda votiva

  • 57 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin.
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin.
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin.
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin.
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin.
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 58 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin.
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin.
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin.
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin.
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin.
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

  • 59 eo

    1.
    ĕo, īvi or ii (īt, Verg. A. 9, 418 al.; cf.

    Lachm. ad Lucr. vol. 2, p. 206 sq.: isse, issem, etc., for ivisse, etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 25; Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64; id. Phil. 14, 1, 1; Ov. M. 7, 350 et saep.: isti, Turp. ap. Non. 4, 242:

    istis,

    Luc. 7, 834, etc., v. Neue Formenl. 2, 515), īre ( inf. pass. irier, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 16), ĭtum, v. n. [root i-, Sanscr. ēmi, go; Gr. eimi; causat. hiêmi = jacio, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 403], to go (of every kind of motion of animate or inanimate things), to walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass, etc. (very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    eo ad forum,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 95:

    i domum,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 71 sq.:

    nos priores ibimus,

    id. Poen. 3, 2, 34:

    i in crucem,

    go and be hanged! id. As. 5, 2, 91; cf.:

    i in malam crucem,

    id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 57; 4, 7, 86:

    i in malam rem hinc,

    Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 37:

    iens in Pompeianum,

    Cic. Att. 4, 9 fin.:

    subsidio suis ierunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 62, 8:

    quom it dormitum,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23; id Most. 3, 2, 4; 16; Hor. S. 1, 6, 119 et saep, cf.:

    dormitum, lusum,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 48:

    cubitum,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 27; 5, 4, 8; id. Ps. 3, 2, 57; Cic. Rosc. Am. 23; id. Div. 2, 59, 122 et saep.— Poet. with the acc. of the terminus:

    ibis Cecropios portus,

    Ov. H. 10, 125 Loers.:

    Sardoos recessus,

    Sil. 12, 368; cf.:

    hinc Afros,

    Verg. E. 1, 65.—With a cognate acc.:

    ire vias,

    Prop. 1, 1, 17:

    exsequias,

    Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 37:

    pompam funeris,

    Ov. F. 6, 663 et saep.:

    non explorantur eundae vitandaeque viae,

    Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 419:

    animae ad lumen iturae,

    Verg. A. 6, 680:

    ego ire in Piraeum volo,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 63; cf.:

    visere ad aliquam,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 114; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 52:

    videre,

    Prop. 1, 1, 12:

    ire pedibus,

    on foot, Liv. 28, 17:

    equis,

    id. 1, 15:

    curru,

    id. 28, 9; Ov. H. 1, 46; cf.:

    in equis,

    id. A. A. 1, 214:

    in raeda,

    Mart. 3, 47:

    super equos,

    Just. 41, 3;

    and with equis to be supplied,

    Verg. A. 5, 554:

    puppibus,

    Ov. H. 19, 180; cf.:

    cum classe Pisas,

    Liv. 41, 17 et saep.:

    concedere quo poterunt undae, cum pisces ire nequibunt?

    Lucr. 1, 380.—
    b.
    Of things:

    alvus non it,

    Cato R. R. 157, 7; so,

    sanguis naribus,

    Lucr. 6, 1203:

    Euphrates jam mollior undis,

    Verg. A. 8, 726:

    sudor per artus,

    id. ib. 2, 174:

    fucus in artus,

    Lucr. 2, 683:

    telum (with volare),

    id. 1, 971:

    trabes,

    i. e. to give way, sink, id. 6, 564 et saep.:

    in semen ire (asparagum),

    to go to seed, Cato, R. R. 161, 3; so Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 159; cf.:

    in corpus (juvenes),

    Quint. 2, 10, 5:

    sanguis it in sucos,

    turns into, Ov. M. 10, 493.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To go or proceed against with hostile intent, to march against:

    quos fugere credebant, infestis signis ad se ire viderunt,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 6:

    ad hostem,

    Liv. 42, 49:

    contra hostem,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 67, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 31 fin.:

    adversus hostem,

    Liv. 42, 49:

    in hostem,

    id. 2, 6; Verg. A. 9, 424 et saep.; cf.:

    in Capitolium,

    to go against, to attack, Liv. 3, 17.—
    2.
    Pregn., to pass away, disappear (very rare):

    saepe hominem paulatim cernimus ire,

    Lucr. 3, 526; cf. ib. 530; 594.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to go, pass, proceed, move, advance:

    ire in opus alienum,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 6:

    in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam,

    Liv. 1, 23 fin.:

    in alteram causam praeceps ierat,

    id. 2, 27:

    in rixam,

    Quint. 6, 4, 13:

    in lacrimas,

    Verg. A. 4, 413; Stat. Th. 11, 193:

    in poenas,

    Ov. M. 5, 668 et saep.:

    ire per singula,

    Quint. 6, 1, 12; cf. id. 4, 2, 32; 7, 1, 64; 10, 5, 21:

    ad quem (modum) non per gradus itur,

    id. 8, 4, 7 et saep.:

    dicite qua sit eundum,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 19:

    ire infitias, v. infitiae: Latina debent cito pariter ire,

    Quint. 1, 1, 14:

    aliae contradictiones eunt interim longius,

    id. 5, 13, 54: in eosdem semper pedes ire (compositio), [p. 649] id. 9, 4, 142:

    cum per omnes et personas et affectus eat (comoedia),

    id. 1, 8, 7; cf. id. 1, 2, 13; Juv. 1, 142:

    Phrygiae per oppida facti Rumor it,

    Ov. M. 6, 146:

    it clamor caelo,

    Verg. A. 5, 451:

    factoque in secula ituro, Laetantur tribuisse locum,

    to go down to posterity, Sil. 12, 312; cf.

    with a subject-sentence: ibit in saecula, fuisse principem, cui, etc.,

    Plin. Pan. 55.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Pub. law t. t.
    a.
    Pedibus ire, or simply ire in aliquam sententiam, in voting, to go over or accede to any opinion (opp. discedere, v. h. v. II. B. 2. b.):

    cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,

    Liv. 9, 8, 13:

    pars major eorum qui aderant in eandem sententiam ibat,

    id. 1, 32 fin.; 34, 43; 42, 3 fin.—Pass. impers.:

    in quam sententiam cum pedibus iretur,

    Liv. 5, 9, 2:

    ibatur in eam sententiam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin.:

    itum in sententiam,

    Tac. A. 3, 23; 12, 48.—And opp. to the above,
    b.
    Ire in alia omnia, to vote against a bill, v. alius, II.—
    2.
    Mercant. t. t. for vēneo, to go for, be sold at a certain price, Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 194:

    tot Pontus eat, tot Lydia nummis,

    Claud. Eutr. 1, 203.—
    3.
    Pregn., of time, to pass by, pass away:

    it dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 12; Hor. C. 2, 14, 5; 4, 5, 7:

    anni,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 55; cf.:

    anni more fluentis aquae,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 62.—
    4.
    With the accessory notion of result, to go, proceed, turn out, happen:

    incipit res melius ire quam putaram,

    Cic. Att. 14, 15; cf. Tac. A. 12, 68:

    prorsus ibat res,

    Cic. Att. 14, 20 fin.; Curt. 8, 5:

    postquam omnia fatis Caesaris ire videt,

    Luc. 4, 144.—Hence the wish: sic eat, so may he fare:

    sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,

    Liv. 1, 26; Luc. 5, 297 Cort.; 2, 304; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 155. —
    5.
    Constr. with a supine, like the Gr. mellein, to go or set about, to prepare, to wish, to be about to do any thing:

    si opulentus it petitum pauperioris gratiam, etc.,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 69; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 36: quod uti prohibitum irem, quod in me esset, meo labori non parsi, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. PARSI, p. 242 Müll.; so,

    perditum gentem universam,

    Liv. 32, 22:

    ultum injurias, scelera,

    id. 2, 6; Quint. 11, 1, 42:

    servitum Grais matribus,

    Verg. A. 2, 786 et saep.:

    bonorum praemia ereptum eunt,

    Sall. J. 85, 42.—Hence the construction of the inf. pass. iri with the supine, in place of an inf. fut. pass.:

    mihi omne argentum redditum iri,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 5:

    mihi istaec videtur praeda praedatum irier,

    id. Rud. 4, 7, 16 et saep.— Poet. also with inf.:

    seu pontum carpere remis Ibis,

    Prop. 1, 6, 34:

    attollere facta regum,

    Stat. S. 5, 3, 11:

    fateri,

    id. Th. 3, 61 al. —
    6.
    Imp. i, eas, eat, etc., since the Aug. period more freq. a mocking or indignant expression, go then, go now:

    i nunc et cupidi nomen amantis habe,

    Ov. H. 3, 26; so,

    i nunc,

    id. ib. 4, 127; 9, 105; 17, 57; id. Am. 1, 7, 35; Prop. 2, 29, 22 (3, 27, 22 M.); Verg. A. 7, 425; Juv. 6, 306 al.:

    i, sequere Italiam ventis,

    Verg. A. 4, 381; so,

    i,

    id. ib. 9, 634:

    fremunt omnibus locis: Irent, crearent consules ex plebe,

    Liv. 7, 6 fin.
    2.
    ĕō, adv. [old dat. and abl. form of pron. stem i; cf. is].
    I.
    In locat. and abl. uses,
    A.
    Of place=in eo loco, there, in that place (rare):

    quid (facturus est) cum tu eo quinque legiones haberes?

    Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 2, 1:

    quo loco... ibi... eoque,

    Cels. 8, 9, 1:

    eo loci,

    Tac. A. 15, 74; Plin. 11, 37, 50, § 136; so trop.: eo loci, in that condition:

    res erat eo jam loci, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Sest. 13, 68; Tac. A. 14, 61; Dig. 5, 1, 52, § 3.—
    B.
    Of cause=eā re.
    1.
    Referring to a cause or reason before given, therefore, on that account, for that reason:

    is nunc dicitur venturus peregre: eo nunc commenta est dolum,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 66; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 41:

    dederam litteras ad te: eo nunc ero brevior,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1; Sall. C. 21, 3; Liv. 8, 8, 8; Tac. H. 2, 65; Nep. Pelop. 1, 3; id. Milt. 2, 3 et saep.—So with conjunctions, eoque, et eo, eo quoque, in adding any thing as a consequence of what precedes, and for that reason:

    absolute pares, et eo quoque innumerabiles,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

    impeditius eoque hostibus incautum,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    per gentes integras et eo feroces,

    Vell. 2, 115, 2; Quint. 4, 1, 42 al. —
    2.
    Referring to a foll. clause, giving
    (α).
    a cause or reason, with quia, quoniam, quod, etc.; so with quia:

    eo fit, quia mihi plurimum credo,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 124; id. Capt. 1, 1, 2:

    nunc eo videtur foedus, quia, etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 17; 3, 1, 25:

    quia scripseras, eo te censebam, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 17, 4; Sall. C. 20, 3; Tac. Agr. 22.—With quoniam:

    haec eo notavi, quoniam, etc.,

    Gell. 7, 13.—With quod:

    quod... non potueritis, eo vobis potestas erepta sit,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22; Nep. Eum. 11, 5; Liv. 9, 2, 4; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; so,

    neque eo... quod,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 1, 5.—
    (β).
    A purpose, motive or reason, with quo, ut, ne; and after negatives, with quo, quin, and subj. —So with quo:

    eo scripsi, quo plus auctoritatis haberem,

    Cic. Att. 8, 9, 1; Sall. C. 22, 2; so,

    non eo... quo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 16:

    neque eo... quo,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51.—With ut:

    haec eo scripsi, ut intellegeres,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 2; id. de Or. 3, 49, 187; Lact. 4, 5, 9.—With ne: Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 63; Ter. Ph. 5, 1, 17:

    quod ego non eo vereor, ne mihi noceat,

    Cic. Att. 9, 2; id. Rab. Perd. 3, 9.—With quin:

    non eo haec dico, quin quae tu vis ego velim,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 5, 1, 16. —
    C.
    Of measure or degree—with words of comparison, so much, by so much —followed by quo (= tanto... quanto):

    quae eo fructuosiores fiunt, quo calidior terra aratur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 1:

    eo gravior est dolor, quo culpa major,

    Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2; id. Fam. 2, 19, 1; so with quantum:

    quantum juniores patrum plebi se magis insinuabant, eo acrius contra tribuni tendebant, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 15, 2; id. 44, 7, 6:

    quanto longius abscederent, eo, etc.,

    id. 30, 30, 23. —Esp. freq. the formulae, eo magis, eo minus, so much the worse ( the less), followed by quo, quod, quoniam, si, ut, ne:

    eo magis, quo tanta penuria est in omni honoris gradu,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 7:

    eo minus veritus navibus, quod in littore molli, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 3, 22, 88; id. Att. 15, 9 fin.:

    eo magis, quoniam, etc., Cels. praef. p. 14, 12 Müll.: nihil admirabilius fieri potest, eoque magis, si ea sunt in adulescente,

    Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

    eo diligentius ut ne parvula quidem titubatione impediremur,

    Auct. Her. 2, 8, 12; Cic. Rab. Perd. 3, 9:

    ego illa extuli et eo quidem magis, ne quid ille superiorum meminisse me putaret,

    id. Att. 9, 13, 3.—

    In this combination eo often expresses also the idea of cause (cf. B. 1. supra): hoc probis pretiumst. Eo mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 37: solliciti tamen et anxii sunt;

    eoque magis, quod se ipsi continent et coercent,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 70;

    and some passages may be classed under either head: dederam triduo ante litteras ad te. Eo nunc ero brevior,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1; id. Inv 1, 4, 5; id. Off. 2, 13, 45; id. Fam. 9, 16, 9; Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 8.
    II.
    In dat. uses.
    A.
    With the idea of motion, to that place, thither (=in eum locum):

    eo se recipere coeperunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 5:

    uti eo cum introeas, circumspicias, uti inde exire possit,

    Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

    eo tela conicere, Auct. B. Afr. 72: eo respicere,

    Sall. J. 35, 10; so,

    followed by quo, ubi, unde: non potuit melius pervenirier eo, quo nos volumus,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 35:

    venio nunc eo, quo me fides ducit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83:

    ibit eo quo vis, etc.,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 40:

    (venit) eo, ubi non modo res erat, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 11; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 21; Vell. 2, 108, 2:

    eo, unde discedere non oportuit, revertamur,

    Cic. Att. 2, 16, 3; Liv. 6, 35, 2; Sall. C. 60, 2;

    so (late Lat.) with loci: perducendum eo loci, ubi actum sit,

    Dig. 10, 4, 11, § 1; ib. 47, 2, 3, § 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    With the idea of addition, thereto, in addition to that, besides:

    accessit eo, ut milites ejus, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 4:

    accedit eo, quod, etc.,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 1.—
    2.
    With the idea of tendency, to that end, with that purpose, to this result:

    hoc autem eo spectabat, ut eam a Philippo corruptam diceret,

    Cic. Div. 2, 57, 118:

    haec eo pertinet oratio, ut ipsa virtus se sustentare posse videretur,

    id. Fam. 6, 1, 12:

    hoc eo valebat, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Them. 4, 4.—
    3.
    With the idea of degree or extent, to that degree or extent, so far, to such a point:

    eo scientiae progredi,

    Quint. 2, 1, 6:

    postquam res publica eo magnificentiae venerit, gliscere singulos,

    Tac. A. 2, 33; id. H. 1, 16; id. Agr. 28:

    eo magnitudinis procedere,

    Sall. J. 1, 5; 5, 2; 14, 3:

    ubi jam eo consuetudinis adducta res est, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 25, 8, 11; 28, 27, 12; 32, 18, 8 al.; Just. 3, 5:

    eo insolentiae processit,

    Plin. Pan. 16:

    eo rerum ventum erat, ut, etc.,

    Curt. 5, 12, 3; 7, 1, 35.— With gen., Val. Max. 3, 7, 1 al.; Flor. 1, 24, 2; 2, 18, 12; Suet. Caes. 77; Plin. Pan. 16, 5; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. §

    9: eo rem jam adducam, ut nihil divinationis opus sit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

    res eo est deducta, ut, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 18, 2; Hor. C. 2, 1, 226; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18.—
    C.
    Of time, up to the time, until, so long, usually with usque, and followed by dum, donec:

    usque eo premere capita, dum illae captum amitterent,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 124; Liv. 23, 19, 14; Tac. A. 4, 18:

    eo usque flagitatus est, donec ad exitium dederetur,

    id. ib. 1, 32; Quint. 11, 3, 53:

    eo usque vivere, donec, etc.,

    Liv. 40, 8; cf. Col. 4, 24, 20; 4, 30, 4.—Rarely by quamdiu:

    eo usque, quamdiu ad fines barbaricos veniretur,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 45.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > eo

  • 60 δίδωμι

    δίδωμι, Il.23.620, etc. (late [full] δίδω POxy. 121 (iii A. D.)); late forms, [ per.] 1pl. διδόαμεν v. l. in J.BJ3.8.5, etc., [ per.] 3pl. δίδωσι ([etym.] παρα-) Id.AJ10.4.1, etc.; but thematic forms are freq. used, esp. in [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion., διδοῖς, διδοῖσθα, Il.9.164, 19.270,
    A

    διδοῖ Od.17.350

    , Mimn.2.16, Hdt.2.48, Hp.Aër.12 ([etym.] ἀνα-), A.Supp. 1010, etc.,

    διδοῦσι Il.19.265

    (always in Hom.), dub. in [dialect] Att., Antiph.156; imper.

    δίδου Thgn.1303

    , Hdt.3.140, E.Or. 642,

    δίδοι Pi.O.1.85

    , Epigr. in Class.Phil.4.78, [dialect] Ep.

    δίδωθι Od.3.380

    ; inf. διδόναι, also

    διδοῦν Thgn.1329

    , [dialect] Ep.

    διδοῦναι Il.24.425

    , [dialect] Aeol.

    δίδων Theoc.29.9

    ; part. διδούς, [dialect] Aeol.

    δίδοις Alc.Supp.23.13

    : [tense] impf. ἐδίδουν -ους -ου, Ar.Eq. 678, Od.19.367, 11.289 ([dialect] Ep.

    δίδου Il. 5.165

    ), etc.; [ per.] 3pl.

    ἐδίδοσαν Hdt.8.9

    , etc., ἐδίδουν (v.l. ἐδίδων) Hes. Op. 139, D.H.5.6 codd. ([etym.] ἀπ-), also ἔδιδον prob. in h.Cer. 437, δίδον ib. 328; [dialect] Ep. iter.

    δόσκον Il.14.382

    : [tense] fut.

    δώσω 14.268

    , etc., [dialect] Ep.

    διδώσω Od.13.358

    , 24.314; inf.

    δωσέμεναι Il.13.369

    : [tense] aor. 1 ἔδωκα, used only in ind., Od.9.361, etc., [dialect] Ep.

    δῶκα Il.4.43

    : [tense] aor. 2 ἔδων, used in pl. ind. ἔδομεν ἔδοτε ἔδοσαν ([dialect] Lacon.

    ἔδον IG5(1).1

    B1), and in moods, δός, δῶ, δοίην, δοῦναι, δούς; [dialect] Ep. forms of [tense] aor., subj. [ per.] 3sg. δώῃ, δώῃσι, δῷσι, Il.16.725, 1.324, Od.2.144; [ per.] 3sg. δώη, [dialect] Boeot.

    δώει SIG2858.17

    (Delph.), IG7.3054 (Lebad.),

    δοῖ PPetr.2

    .p.24; [ per.] 1pl.

    δώομεν Il.7.299

    , Od.16.184, [ per.] 3pl.

    δώωσι Il.1.137

    ; [ per.] 3sg. opt. is written

    δόη UPZ1.4

    ,

    δοῖ IG14.1488

    , etc.; inf.

    δόμεναι Il.1.116

    ,

    δόμεν 4.379

    (also [dialect] Dor., Ar.Lys. 1163 ([etym.] ἀπο-)

    , δόμειν SIG942

    ([place name] Dodona)); Cypr. inf.

    δοϝέναι Inscr.Cypr.135.5H.

    (also opt. δυϝάνοι ib. 6); Arc. part.

    ἀπυ-δόας IG5(2).6.13

    ([place name] Tegea); inf.

    δῶναι Schwyzer 666.2

    (Orchom., iii B. C.), also in later Greek, BGU38.13 (ii A. D.): [tense] pf.

    δέδωκα Pi.N.2.8

    , etc.; [dialect] Boeot. [ per.] 3pl.

    ἀπο-δεδόανθι IG7.3171.35

    (Orchom.): [tense] plpf.

    ἐδεδώκει X.Cyr.1.4.26

    :—[voice] Med. only in compds.:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    δοθήσομαι E.Ph. 1650

    , Is.3.39, etc.: [tense] aor.

    ἐδόθην Od.2.78

    , etc.: [tense] pf.

    δέδομαι Il.5.428

    , A.Supp. 1041, Th.1.26, etc.; [ per.] 3pl.

    δέδονται E.Supp. 757

    : [tense] plpf.

    ἐδέδοτο Th.3.109

    :—give freely,

    τινί τι Od.24.274

    , etc.: in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., to be ready to give, offer, Il.9.519, Hdt.5.94, 9.109, Ar.Fr. 100, X.An.6.3.9, etc.;

    τὰ διδόμενα

    things offered,

    D.18.119

    .
    2 of the gods, grant, assign, κῦδος, νίκην, etc., Il.19.204, 11.397, etc.; of evils, δ. ἄλγεα, ἄτας, κήδεα, etc., 1.96, 19.270, Od.9.15, etc.; twice in Hom. in [voice] Pass., οὔ τοι δέδοται πολεμήϊα ἔργα not to thee have deeds of war been granted, Il.5.428, cf. Od.2.78; later εὖ διδόναι τινί give good fortune, provide well for.., S.OT 1081, OC 642, E.Andr. 750: abs., of the laws, grant permission,

    δόντων αὐτῷ τῶν νόμων Is.7.2

    , cf. Pl.Lg. 813c.
    3 offer to the gods, ἑκατόμβας, ἱρὰ θεοῖσιν, Il.12.6, Od.1.67, etc.
    4 with inf. added, ξεῖνος γάρ οἱ ἔδωκεν.. ἐς πόλεμον φορέειν gave it him to wear in war, Il.15.532, cf. 23.183;

    δῶκε [τεύχεα] θεράποντι φορῆναι 7.149

    : later freq. of giving to eat or drink,

    ἐκ χειρὸς διδοῖ πιεῖν Hdt.4.172

    , cf. Cratin.124, Pherecr.69, etc.;

    ἐδίδου ῥοφεῖν Ar.Fr. 203

    ;

    δίδου μασᾶσθαι Eup. 253

    ;

    δὸς καταφαγεῖν Hegem.1

    ;

    τὴν κύλικα δὸς ἐμπιεῖν Pherecr.41

    ;

    δὸς τὴν μεγάλην σπάσαι Diph.17.7

    ; with inf. omitted,

    φιάλην ἔδωκε κεράσας Ephipp.10

    ;

    εὐζωρότερον δός Diph.58

    ; also of giving water to wash with, δίδου κατὰ χειρός (sc. νίψασθαι) Arched.2.3, cf. Alex.261.2.
    5 Prose phrases, δ. ὅρκον, opp. λαμβάνειν, tender an oath,

    δοκεῖ κἂν ὀμόσαι εἴ τις αὐτῷ ὅρκον διδοίη Is.9.24

    , cf. D.39.3, Arist. Rh. 1377a8; δ. ψῆφον, γνώμην, put a proposal to the vote, propose a resolution, D.21.87, 24.13: δ. χάριν, = χαρίζεσθαι, S.Aj. 1354, Cratin. 317; ὀργῇ χάριν δούς having indulged.., S.OC 855; λόγον τινὶ δ. give one leave to speak, X.HG5.2.20;

    δ. λόγον σφίσι

    deliberate,

    Hdt. 1.97

    ;

    οὐκ, εἰ διδοίης.. σαυτῷ λόγον S.OT 583

    ; δοῦναι, λαβεῖν λόγον, Arist.SE 165a27 (but δ. λόγον, εὐθύνας, render accounts, IG12.91, al.): δ. δίκην or δίκας, v. δίκη: ἀκοὴν δ. λόγοις lend an ear to.., S. El.30, etc.; δ. ἐργασίαν give diligence, = Lat. dare operam, OGI441.109 (Lagina, i B. C.), POxy.742.11: c. inf., Ev.Luc.12.58: abs., sc.

    πληγήν, λίθῳ δ. τινί PLips. 13 iii 3

    ; ἐμβολὰς διδόναι, ram, of ships, D.S.13.10.
    II c. acc. pers., hand over, deliver up,

    ἀχέεσσί με δώσεις Od.19.167

    ;

    μιν.. ὀδύνῃσιν ἔδωκεν Il.5.397

    ;

    Ἕκτορα κυσίν 23.21

    ;

    πυρί τινα Od.24.65

    ;

    πληγαῖς τινά Pl.R. 574c

    ;

    ἔδωκε θῆρας φόβῳ Pi.P.5.60

    .
    2 of parents, give their daughter to wife,

    θυγατέρα ἀνδρί Il.6.192

    , Od.4.7; also of Telemachus,

    ἀνέρι μητέρα δώσω 2.223

    ; τὴν.. Σάμηνδε ἔδοσαν gave her in marriage to go to Samé, 15.367, cf. 17.442; with inf. added,

    δώσω σοι Χαρίτων μίαν ὀπυιέμεναι Il. 14.268

    : in Prose and Trag.,

    θυγατέρα δ. τινὶ γυναῖκα Hdt.1.107

    , cf. Th.6.59, X.HG4.1.4, etc.: abs.,

    ἐδίδοσαν καὶ ἤγοντο ἐξ ἀλλήλων Hdt. 5.92

    .β, cf. E.Med. 288; also

    δ. κόρᾳ ἄνδρα Pi.P.9.117

    .
    3 διδόναι τινά τινι grant another to one's entreaties, pardon him at one's request, X.An.6.6.31; διδόναι τινί τι forgive one a thing, condone it, E.Cyc. 296 (s. v. l.).
    4 δ. ἑαυτόν τινι give oneself up,

    δ. σφέας αὐτοὺς τοῖσι Ἀθηναίοισι Hdt.6.108

    , cf. S.Ph.84, Th.2.68;

    τινὶ εἰς χεῖρας S.El. 1348

    ;

    δ. ἑαυτὸν τοῖς δεινοῖς D.18.97

    ;

    εἰς τοὺς κινδύνους Plb.3.17.8

    ;

    εἰς ἔντευξιν Id.3.15.4

    ; εἰς τρυφήν, εἰς λῃστείας, D.S.17.108, 18.47: c. inf.,

    δίδωσ' ἑκὼν κτείνειν ἑαυτόν S.Ph. 1341

    .
    5 appoint, establish, of a priest, LXXEx.31.6; δῶμεν ἀρχηγόν ib.Nu. 14.4; δ. τινὰ εἰς ἔθνος μέγα ib.Ge.17.20; place, τινὰ ὑπεράνω πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ib.De.28.1:—[voice] Pass., οἱ δεδομένοι, = Nethinim, ministers of the Temple, ib.Ne.5.3; ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα .. orders were given them that.., Apoc.9.5.
    III in vows and prayers, c. acc. pers. et inf., grant, allow, bring about that.., esp. in prayers, δὸς ἀποφθίμενον δῦναι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω grant that he may go.., Il.3.322;

    τὸν κασίγνητον δότε τυίδ' ἴκεσθαι Sapph.Supp.1.2

    ; δός με τείσασθαι give me to.., A.Ch.18, cf. Eu.31; also c. dat. pers.,

    τούτῳ.. εὐτυχεῖν δοῖεν θεοί Id.Th. 422

    ;

    θεοὶ δοῖέν ποτ' αὐτοῖς.. παθεῖν S.Ph. 316

    , cf. OC 1101, 1287, Pl.Lg. 737b.
    2 grant, concede in argument,

    δ. καὶ συγχωρεῖν Id.Phd. 100b

    , cf. Arist.Metaph. 990a12, al.: c. inf., Id.Ph. 239b29;

    δ. εἶναι θεούς Iamb.Myst.1.3

    ;

    ἑνὸς ἀτόπου δοθέντος τἆλλα συμβαίνει Arist.Ph. 186a9

    ; δεδομένα, τά, data, title of work by Euclid; ἡ δοθεῖσα γραμμή, γωνία, etc., Pl.Men. 87a, Euc.1.9, etc.;

    δεδόσθω κύκλος Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.6

    , al.; also in Alchemy, δός take certain substances, Pleid.X.69.
    IV Gramm., describe, record, Sch.Pi. P.5.93, Sch.Il.16.207.
    V seemingly intr., give oneself up, devote oneself, c. dat., esp.

    ἡδονῇ E.Ph.21

    , Plu.Publ.13;

    ἡδοναῖς Philostr. VS1.12

    ;

    ἐλπίδι J.AJ17.12.2

    ;

    εἰς δημοκοπίαν D.S.25.8

    ;

    δρόμῳ δοὺς φέρεσθαι

    at full speed,

    Alciphr.3.47

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δίδωμι

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