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vinum+in+manūs+pt

  • 1 do

    I dō, dedī, datum, dare
    1)
    а) давать (d. alicui bibere Pl, Cato; d. pecuniam C)
    qui dedit beneficium, taceat Sen — кто сделал доброе дело, пусть молчит (об этом)
    б) подавать, протягивать (alicui manum O etc.; aliquid in manum Pl)
    перен. d. manus C, Cs, Nep — сдаваться, признавать себя побеждённым
    в) предлагать ( accipere quod datur C); раздавать ( frumentum plebi VP); выдавать ( praemium pro pietate C)
    г) даровать (vitam C, V; libertatem C); разрешать, позволять (d. bonum malumque dignoscere Sen)
    iter alicui per provinciam d. Cs — разрешить кому-л. проход через (свою) провинцию
    д) преподносить, дарить, приносить (в дар) (alicui dona Pl; alicui aliquid dono Ter, Nep); передавать, вручать ( alicui litteras ad aliquem C)
    d. fibellum C — подать жалобу
    oscula O (basia Ctl) d. — покрывать поцелуями, целовать
    aliquem defensum d. V — защитить кого-л.
    plus stomacho, quam consilio d. Q — руководствоваться больше своим пылом, чем рассудком
    2) приносить в жертву ( deo exta O); посвящать, воздвигать, строить (deo templum O)
    3) порождать, производить на свет (liberos Ctl; prolem V)
    d. impĕtum L — ворваться
    5) отправлять, посылать ( litteras ex Trebulano C)
    6) вносить, платить (aes и aera H, O etc.); понести (poenas C etc.); доставлять ( apes mella dant O)
    materiam d. invidiae C — давать пищу ненависти
    8) отпускать, ослаблять ( lora V)
    d. laxas habenas V — опустить поводья
    9) устраивать (alicui cenam Pl, Ter, C etc.; ludos populo L); ставить на сцене, инсценировать (fabulam Ter, C)
    10)
    а) наносить, причинять (alicui damnum Ter; vulnera ferro O)
    d. verba alicui Ter — надуть кого-л.
    d. alicui civitatem VP — предоставить кому-л. право гражданства
    11)
    а) проливать ( lacrimas O); наливать ( vinum in manūs Pt); испускать ( lucem H)
    d. fumos O — дымиться
    б) издавать (sonum V; gemitum O)
    12)
    а) произносить (voces, dicta O, V)
    б) сообщать, рассказывать, называть ( unum da mini ex oratoribus illis C)
    paucis dabo Ter — (почему это случилось), я расскажу в немногих словах
    iste qui sit, da nobis V — скажи нам, кто он
    quem mihi dabis, qui aliquod pretium tempori ponat? Sen — кого ты мне назовёшь, кто хоть сколько-нибудь умел бы ценить время?
    13) закидывать ( retro capillos O); класть, вкладывать, опускать (corpus tumulo O; urnae ossa Pers); погружать ( in fluvios ardentia membra Lcr)
    15) ставить, натягивать (vela carinae O; fila lyrae O); протягивать ( bracchia ad aliquid O)
    terga d. (= vertere) C, L, O etc. — обратиться в бегство
    quae dederam supra, relego Pers — то, что я допустил раньше, беру назад
    dasne animes morte interire? — Do vero C — признаёшь ли, что со смертью погибают (и) души? — Да, признаю
    19)
    а) вменять (aliquid laudi, crimini alicui C); назначать ( alicui diem PJ); обрекать (aliquem exitio Lcr, O; morbo mortique Lcr; urbem excidio ac ruinis L)
    d. aliquid famae H, T — сделать что-л. в интересах репутации
    б) повергать (aliquem in luctum O, in timorem Pl)
    20)
    а) бросать, швырять (aliquem in и ad terram Lcr, Pl)
    d. aliquem in ruborem Pl — вогнать кого-л. в краску (заставить покраснеть)
    21) помещать, отдавать ( aliquem in hanc domum Ter); отправлять ( aliquem Luceriam L)
    22) вверять, передавать (filiam genero V, O; infantem nutrīci O)
    23) внушать, вдохнуть (spem C; animos O); наводить, навеять ( alicui somnum O)
    25) назначать (aliquem comitem QC; arbitrum C); определять, класть (finem alicui и alicui rei O etc.)
    26)
    sese d. in fugam и fugae C — обращаться в бегство (см. тж. ниже sub dare se 4.)
    d. (litem) secundum aliquem C, L, Sen — решить судебный процесс в чью-л. пользу
    d. rationem alicujus rei Pl, rhH. — отдавать отчёт в чём-л.
    nomen d. C — явиться, за писаться, поступить (преим. на военную службу)
    do, dico, addico Vr, Macr — предоставляю (права), произношу (приговоры), присуждаю ( юридическая формула — « tria verba» O — которой претор официально выражал свои права и функции)
    II dō: как dare se (или dari)
    1) даваться или быть данным, разрешаться, быть возможным
    ubi sidĕre detur O — (облетая затопленную землю, птица ищет), где бы можно было сесть
    potestates, quas licet sentire, non datur cernere Ap — силы, которые можно ощущать, но которых нельзя видеть
    3) обнаруживать себя, выказать себя (d. se alicui placidum O)
    se obvium alicui d. L — повстречаться с кем-л.
    se d. alicui in conspectum C — предстать перед кем-л.
    se in viam d. C — пуститься в путь
    sese in pedes d. Pl — удирать
    5) принимать участие (convivio Su; in bella V)
    6) покоряться, подчиняться, уступать, поддаваться, сдаваться (alicui Pl, Ter, C etc.)
    7) представиться, быть в распоряжении
    8)
    а) предаваться (quieti, somno C, PJ etc.; voluptatibus C)
    б) посвящать себя (huic generi litterarum C; ad legendos libros C)
    turpiter se d. Ter — срамиться
    prout tempus ac res se daret L — в зависимости от того, как сложатся время и обстоятельства (смотря по обстоятельствам)
    III dō (греч.) Enn, Aus = domum (acc.)

    Латинско-русский словарь > do

  • 2 misceo

    miscĕo, ēre, miscŭi, mixtum (mistum) - tr. - [st2]1 [-] mêler, mélanger. [st2]2 [-] joindre, lier, unir. [st2]3 [-] bouleverser, troubler, mettre en désordre, soulever. [st2]4 [-] causer, occasionner, produire (en remuant, en troublant), préparer.    - [gr]gr. μίσγω (μείγνυμι, μίγνυμι): mêler.    - miscere aliquid alicui rei (aliquid aliqua re): mélanger qqch à qqch (d'autre).    - miscere vinum aquae (miscere vinum aquā): mêler de l'eau au vin.    - miscere salem in vino, Plin.: saler du vin.    - miscere helleborum ad..., Col.: mêler de l'ellébore avec...    - miscere alicui rei (cum re): unir à qqch.    - cum amico omnes curas, omnes cogitationes tuas misce, Sen. Ep. 3, 3: partage avec ton ami tous tes soucis, toutes tes pensées (confie à ton ami...).    - miscere caelum et terras: remuer ciel et terre.    - (te) cum pessimo omnium Jugurtha miscendo, Sall, J, 102: en te liant avec Jugurtha, le plus mauvais de tous les hommes.    - miscere manus (proelia, certamina): en venir aux mains.    - corpus cum aliquā miscere: s'accoupler avec une femme, avoir des relations sexuelles avec une femme.    - se miscere alicui: s'unir à qqn.    - miscere consilia cum aliquo, Tac.: se concerter avec qqn.    - miscere animum alicujus cum suo, Cic.: s'unir étroitement d'amitié avec qqn.    - miscere numeros, Cic.: varier les cadences.    - miscere alicui pocula: présenter à boire à qqn.    - ego nova quaedam misceri et concitari mala jam pridem videbam, Cic. Cat. 4: moi, je voyais bien que quelques maux nouveaux se préparaient dans le trouble et l'agitation.    - misceri, Virg.: se rassembler.    - miscere rempublicam, Cic.: bouleverser la république.    - miscere seditiones, Tac.: exciter des troubles.    - miscere omnia flammā ferroque: porter partout le fer et la flamme.
    * * *
    miscĕo, ēre, miscŭi, mixtum (mistum) - tr. - [st2]1 [-] mêler, mélanger. [st2]2 [-] joindre, lier, unir. [st2]3 [-] bouleverser, troubler, mettre en désordre, soulever. [st2]4 [-] causer, occasionner, produire (en remuant, en troublant), préparer.    - [gr]gr. μίσγω (μείγνυμι, μίγνυμι): mêler.    - miscere aliquid alicui rei (aliquid aliqua re): mélanger qqch à qqch (d'autre).    - miscere vinum aquae (miscere vinum aquā): mêler de l'eau au vin.    - miscere salem in vino, Plin.: saler du vin.    - miscere helleborum ad..., Col.: mêler de l'ellébore avec...    - miscere alicui rei (cum re): unir à qqch.    - cum amico omnes curas, omnes cogitationes tuas misce, Sen. Ep. 3, 3: partage avec ton ami tous tes soucis, toutes tes pensées (confie à ton ami...).    - miscere caelum et terras: remuer ciel et terre.    - (te) cum pessimo omnium Jugurtha miscendo, Sall, J, 102: en te liant avec Jugurtha, le plus mauvais de tous les hommes.    - miscere manus (proelia, certamina): en venir aux mains.    - corpus cum aliquā miscere: s'accoupler avec une femme, avoir des relations sexuelles avec une femme.    - se miscere alicui: s'unir à qqn.    - miscere consilia cum aliquo, Tac.: se concerter avec qqn.    - miscere animum alicujus cum suo, Cic.: s'unir étroitement d'amitié avec qqn.    - miscere numeros, Cic.: varier les cadences.    - miscere alicui pocula: présenter à boire à qqn.    - ego nova quaedam misceri et concitari mala jam pridem videbam, Cic. Cat. 4: moi, je voyais bien que quelques maux nouveaux se préparaient dans le trouble et l'agitation.    - misceri, Virg.: se rassembler.    - miscere rempublicam, Cic.: bouleverser la république.    - miscere seditiones, Tac.: exciter des troubles.    - miscere omnia flammā ferroque: porter partout le fer et la flamme.
    * * *
        Misceo, misces, miscui, mistrum, miscere. Virgil. Mesler, Meslanger, Brouiller, Touiller, Troubler.
    \
        Miscere vinum aqua, et Miscere aquam vino. Plin. Mesler de l'eaue parmi le vin, Mistionner.
    \
        Miscere, siue Miscere mulsum, et Pocula miscere. Cic. Ouid. Bailler à boire.
    \
        Ita tu isthaec tua misceto, ne me admisceas. Terentius. Fay tellement ton tripotage, que tu ne m'y mesle point.
    \
        Omnia miscere. Cic. Brouiller et renverser tout un affaire, Renverser tout ce que dessus dessoubz, Desruner.
    \
        Miscere certamina. Liu. Estre de la meslee, Se jecter en la meslee et parmi le combat.
    \
        Miscere tumultum in concionem. Liu. Faire esmeute parmi une assemblee, Esmouvoir une assemblee.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > misceo

  • 3 per

    per (altindisch pári, ringsum, griech. περί), Praep. m. Acc., bezeichnet nicht bloß ein Durchgehen durch oder über einen Raum oder Körper, sondern auch die Verbreitung u. Ausdehnung über denselben, dient also I) eig., in bezug auf den Raum: 1) zur Bezeichnung des Durchgangs durch od. über einen Ort: a) durch = durch... hindurch, alterum iter per provinciam nostram (erat) multo facilius, Caes.: sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur et spiritus per arterias, Cic.: membranas oculorum perlucidas fecit, ut per eas cerni posset, Cic.: per os anima exhalata, Ov. – b) durch = über, über... hin, entlang, über... hinweg, coronam auream per forum ferre, Cic.: per temonem percurrere, Caes.: transire per corpora, Caes.: per gradus labi, Liv.: alqm per gradus deicere, Liv.: per patris corpus carpentum agere, Liv.: per munitiones se deicere, Caes.: spuma fluit per armos, Ov.: fugiens pauperiem per mare, per saxa, Hor. – per manus, von Hand zu Hand, trahi, tradere, Caes.: bildl., per manus traditae religiones, von einem zum anderen, Liv. – c) = vor... hin, incedunt per ora vestra magnifici, Sall.: nitidus quā quisque per ora cederet, Hor.: per ora hominum ferri, Plin. ep.: per ora hominum oder per hostium oculos traduci, Liv.: per ora civitatium traduci, Iustin.

    2) zur Bezeichnung der durchgängigen Verbreitung und Ausdehnung über eine ganze Linie oder durch einen ganzen Raum oder einzelne Teile desselben, über... hin, längs... hin, auf... hin, in od. auf... umher, unter... umher, equites per oram maritimam erant dispositi, Caes.: qui per imperii tui provincias ei credidissent, Cic.: per silvas vivit, Ov.: nascuntur in Balearibus ac per Hispanias, Plin.: invitati hospitaliter per domos (in den H. herum = von Haus zu Haus), Liv.: supplicatum per compita totā urbe est, Liv. – iactata per undas (ins Wasser), Verg.: ire per feras, unter... umher, Ov.: u. so ire per umbras, Verg.

    II) übtr.: A) in bezug auf die Zeit, zur Bezeichnung der ununterbrochenen Fortdauer, u. zwar: 1) zur Angabe der Zeit, durch die hindurch eine Tätigkeit sich erstreckt, durch... hin, durch... hindurch, lang, während, ludi decem per dies facti sunt, Cic.: incendium per duas noctes tenuit, Liv.: quam provinciam tenuistis a praedonibus liberam per hosce annos, Cic.: Romae regnatum est per septem reges, Eutr.

    2) zur Bezeichnung der Zeit, in deren Dauer ein einzelnes Ereignis fällt, während, im Verlauf, in, cum per ludos scorta raperentur, Liv.: per eos dies C. Figulus praetor Brundisium venit, Liv.: per diem perque noctem, Gell.: per illa tempora... pro sua quisque potentia certabant, Sall.: duo fuerunt per idem tempus dissimiles inter se, im Verlaufe derselben Zeit, Cic.: per tempus (während der rechten Zeit) advenis, Plaut. u. Ter.: visa dare obscuriora per somnium, Cic.: u. so per somnum, Cic.

    3) bei Substst., die eine Eigenschaft, Stimmung, einen Zustand bezeichnen, zur Angabe, daß in und während derselben etwas geschieht = während, in, deutsch auch oft = mit, unter, quod fecisset per iram, Cic.: per dilationes bellum geri, Liv.: insutum in culleum per summum dedecus vitam amittere, Cic.: sive illa (visa) in cogitatione informantur, sive in quiete, sive per vinum, sive per insaniam, Cic.: ad quos (honores) per ludum et neglegentiam pervenistis, Cic.: reddens mutua per iocum atque vinum, Catull.: und so oft per otium, per ludum iocumque, Liv.: per seria et ludum, Curt.: s. Drak. Liv. 4, 58, 12; 30, 29, 3. Mützell Curt. 3, 7 (17), 3.

    B) in bezug auf andere Verhältnisse: AA) im allg., zur Angabe des Durchlaufens gewisser Zustände usw., per tot extraordinaria imperia in summum fastigium evectus, Vell.: per multa deinde ac varia officia atque honores usque ad ministrationem totius imperii venit, Eutr.: per omnia, durchweg, in allen Stücken, Liv. u.a.

    BB) insbes., zur Angabe der mittelbar einwirkenden Person oder Sache, durch die (gleichs. hindurchgehend) etwas zustande kommt, und zwar: 1) die Person od. Sache als Mittel u. Werkzeug gedacht, durch, vermittelst, a) als wirkliches Mittel u. Werkzeug, statuerunt iniurias per vos ulcisci, Cic.: per indicem damnari, Cic.: per tres populos Galliae potiri, Caes. – per manus demitti, an den H., Caes.: per manus alcis servari et educi, Cic.: per indutias et spem pacis decipere alqm, Cic.: per scelus adipisci alqd, auf dem Wege des V., Cic.: per litteras, Cic. u.a.: per senatusconsultum, per legem, Sall. – per me, per te, per se = durch mich usw. = allein, für mich, selbständig, ohne jemandes Zutun, -Hilfe, ohne Mitwirken anderer, isoliert u. dgl. (v. Pers.u. Dingen), Cic., Caes. u.a.; vgl. Held Caes. b. c. 1, 85, 1. Fabri Sall. Iug. 14, 4, – b) als scheinbares, vorgeschütztes, bei Pers., unter Angabe, per Caecilium accusatur Sulla, Cic. – c) bei Zuständen = unter dem Scheine, unter dem Vorwande, fraudare alqm per tutelam aut societatem, Cic.: alqm per fidem fallere, Cic. – 2) als leitender Grund, leitende Ursache, Veranlassung, wegen, aus, per virtutem perire, Plaut.: per avaritiam decipere, Cic.: cum antea per aetatem huius auctoritatem loci non attingere auderem, Cic.: per causam supplementi equitatusque cogendi, aus Ursache der Rekrutierung usw., wegen der usw., Caes.: per metum potius quam voluntate, Liv. – 3) als gestattendes od. hinderndes Element, wegen, halben, halber, vor (s. Bremi Nep. Eum. 10, 3. Fabri Sall. Iug. 33, 3. Drak. Liv. 23, 18, 22), trahantur per me (meinethalben, soviel an mir liegt, vor mir) pedibus omnes rei, Cic.: si per me licuisset, Cic.: per te (soweit es auf dich ankäme) vel uti quaestum faceret vel uti veniret palam, Ter.: per Afranium stare, quo minus etc., Caes.: his per te (vor dir) frui non licet, Cic.: neque hoc per senatum efficere potuit, Nep. – quod per naturam fas esset, aut per leges liceret, Cic.: si per fata licuisset, Eutr.: cum per valetudinem posses, venire tamen noluisti, Cic.: id iis non licere per interdicta, Cic.: per valetudinem id bellum exsequi nequierat, Liv. – dah. bei Bitten, Schwüren, Anrufungen u. Ausrufungen = um... willen, oro te per deos, Cic.: per dextram te istam oro, Cic.: per ego te deos oro, Plaut.: per ego te, fili, quaecumque iura liberos iungunt parentibus, precor quaesoque, Liv. (vgl. über die Wortstellung per ego Spengel Ter. Andr. 289 u. Weißenb. Liv. 23, 9, 2). – per deos iurare, Cic. – per deos immortales! Cic.: per deos atque homines! Cic.: per deos! Cic. Vgl. Ruhnken Ter. Andr. 3, 3, 6. Drak. Liv. 29, 18, 9.

    / per wird selten dem regierten Worte nachgesetzt, wie Plaut. Poen. prol. 13. Verg. Aen. 6, 692. – per spätlat. m. Abl., zB. per multo tempore, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 3344.

    In der Zusammensetzung ist per a) = allerwege, durchweg, durchaus, durch und durch, über und über, völlig, gründlich u. dgl. – b) = bis zu Ende, hinaus, hin.

    lateinisch-deutsches > per

  • 4 per

    per (altindisch pári, ringsum, griech. περί), Praep. m. Acc., bezeichnet nicht bloß ein Durchgehen durch oder über einen Raum oder Körper, sondern auch die Verbreitung u. Ausdehnung über denselben, dient also I) eig., in bezug auf den Raum: 1) zur Bezeichnung des Durchgangs durch od. über einen Ort: a) durch = durch... hindurch, alterum iter per provinciam nostram (erat) multo facilius, Caes.: sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur et spiritus per arterias, Cic.: membranas oculorum perlucidas fecit, ut per eas cerni posset, Cic.: per os anima exhalata, Ov. – b) durch = über, über... hin, entlang, über... hinweg, coronam auream per forum ferre, Cic.: per temonem percurrere, Caes.: transire per corpora, Caes.: per gradus labi, Liv.: alqm per gradus deicere, Liv.: per patris corpus carpentum agere, Liv.: per munitiones se deicere, Caes.: spuma fluit per armos, Ov.: fugiens pauperiem per mare, per saxa, Hor. – per manus, von Hand zu Hand, trahi, tradere, Caes.: bildl., per manus traditae religiones, von einem zum anderen, Liv. – c) = vor... hin, incedunt per ora vestra magnifici, Sall.: nitidus quā quisque per ora cederet, Hor.: per ora hominum ferri, Plin. ep.: per ora hominum oder per hostium oculos traduci, Liv.: per ora civitatium traduci, Iustin.
    ————
    tung und Ausdehnung über eine ganze Linie oder durch einen ganzen Raum oder einzelne Teile desselben, über... hin, längs... hin, auf... hin, in od. auf... umher, unter... umher, equites per oram maritimam erant dispositi, Caes.: qui per imperii tui provincias ei credidissent, Cic.: per silvas vivit, Ov.: nascuntur in Balearibus ac per Hispanias, Plin.: invitati hospitaliter per domos (in den H. herum = von Haus zu Haus), Liv.: supplicatum per compita totā urbe est, Liv. – iactata per undas (ins Wasser), Verg.: ire per feras, unter... umher, Ov.: u. so ire per umbras, Verg.
    II) übtr.: A) in bezug auf die Zeit, zur Bezeichnung der ununterbrochenen Fortdauer, u. zwar: 1) zur Angabe der Zeit, durch die hindurch eine Tätigkeit sich erstreckt, durch... hin, durch... hindurch, lang, während, ludi decem per dies facti sunt, Cic.: incendium per duas noctes tenuit, Liv.: quam provinciam tenuistis a praedonibus liberam per hosce annos, Cic.: Romae regnatum est per septem reges, Eutr.
    2) zur Bezeichnung der Zeit, in deren Dauer ein einzelnes Ereignis fällt, während, im Verlauf, in, cum per ludos scorta raperentur, Liv.: per eos dies C. Figulus praetor Brundisium venit, Liv.: per diem perque noctem, Gell.: per illa tempora... pro sua quisque potentia certabant, Sall.: duo fuerunt per idem tempus dissimiles inter se, im Verlaufe derselben Zeit, Cic.:
    ————
    per tempus (während der rechten Zeit) advenis, Plaut. u. Ter.: visa dare obscuriora per somnium, Cic.: u. so per somnum, Cic.
    3) bei Substst., die eine Eigenschaft, Stimmung, einen Zustand bezeichnen, zur Angabe, daß in und während derselben etwas geschieht = während, in, deutsch auch oft = mit, unter, quod fecisset per iram, Cic.: per dilationes bellum geri, Liv.: insutum in culleum per summum dedecus vitam amittere, Cic.: sive illa (visa) in cogitatione informantur, sive in quiete, sive per vinum, sive per insaniam, Cic.: ad quos (honores) per ludum et neglegentiam pervenistis, Cic.: reddens mutua per iocum atque vinum, Catull.: und so oft per otium, per ludum iocumque, Liv.: per seria et ludum, Curt.: s. Drak. Liv. 4, 58, 12; 30, 29, 3. Mützell Curt. 3, 7 (17), 3.
    B) in bezug auf andere Verhältnisse: AA) im allg., zur Angabe des Durchlaufens gewisser Zustände usw., per tot extraordinaria imperia in summum fastigium evectus, Vell.: per multa deinde ac varia officia atque honores usque ad ministrationem totius imperii venit, Eutr.: per omnia, durchweg, in allen Stücken, Liv. u.a.
    BB) insbes., zur Angabe der mittelbar einwirkenden Person oder Sache, durch die (gleichs. hindurchgehend) etwas zustande kommt, und zwar: 1) die Person od. Sache als Mittel u. Werkzeug ge-
    ————
    dacht, durch, vermittelst, a) als wirkliches Mittel u. Werkzeug, statuerunt iniurias per vos ulcisci, Cic.: per indicem damnari, Cic.: per tres populos Galliae potiri, Caes. – per manus demitti, an den H., Caes.: per manus alcis servari et educi, Cic.: per indutias et spem pacis decipere alqm, Cic.: per scelus adipisci alqd, auf dem Wege des V., Cic.: per litteras, Cic. u.a.: per senatusconsultum, per legem, Sall. – per me, per te, per se = durch mich usw. = allein, für mich, selbständig, ohne jemandes Zutun, -Hilfe, ohne Mitwirken anderer, isoliert u. dgl. (v. Pers.u. Dingen), Cic., Caes. u.a.; vgl. Held Caes. b. c. 1, 85, 1. Fabri Sall. Iug. 14, 4, – b) als scheinbares, vorgeschütztes, bei Pers., unter Angabe, per Caecilium accusatur Sulla, Cic. – c) bei Zuständen = unter dem Scheine, unter dem Vorwande, fraudare alqm per tutelam aut societatem, Cic.: alqm per fidem fallere, Cic. – 2) als leitender Grund, leitende Ursache, Veranlassung, wegen, aus, per virtutem perire, Plaut.: per avaritiam decipere, Cic.: cum antea per aetatem huius auctoritatem loci non attingere auderem, Cic.: per causam supplementi equitatusque cogendi, aus Ursache der Rekrutierung usw., wegen der usw., Caes.: per metum potius quam voluntate, Liv. – 3) als gestattendes od. hinderndes Element, wegen, halben, halber, vor (s. Bremi Nep. Eum. 10, 3. Fabri Sall. Iug. 33, 3. Drak. Liv. 23, 18, 22), trahantur per me (meinethal-
    ————
    ben, soviel an mir liegt, vor mir) pedibus omnes rei, Cic.: si per me licuisset, Cic.: per te (soweit es auf dich ankäme) vel uti quaestum faceret vel uti veniret palam, Ter.: per Afranium stare, quo minus etc., Caes.: his per te (vor dir) frui non licet, Cic.: neque hoc per senatum efficere potuit, Nep. – quod per naturam fas esset, aut per leges liceret, Cic.: si per fata licuisset, Eutr.: cum per valetudinem posses, venire tamen noluisti, Cic.: id iis non licere per interdicta, Cic.: per valetudinem id bellum exsequi nequierat, Liv. – dah. bei Bitten, Schwüren, Anrufungen u. Ausrufungen = um... willen, oro te per deos, Cic.: per dextram te istam oro, Cic.: per ego te deos oro, Plaut.: per ego te, fili, quaecumque iura liberos iungunt parentibus, precor quaesoque, Liv. (vgl. über die Wortstellung per ego Spengel Ter. Andr. 289 u. Weißenb. Liv. 23, 9, 2). – per deos iurare, Cic. – per deos immortales! Cic.: per deos atque homines! Cic.: per deos! Cic. Vgl. Ruhnken Ter. Andr. 3, 3, 6. Drak. Liv. 29, 18, 9.
    ⇒ per wird selten dem regierten Worte nachgesetzt, wie Plaut. Poen. prol. 13. Verg. Aen. 6, 692. – per spätlat. m. Abl., zB. per multo tempore, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 3344.
    In der Zusammensetzung ist per a) = allerwege, durchweg, durchaus, durch und durch, über und über, völlig, gründlich u. dgl. – b) = bis zu Ende,
    ————
    hinaus, hin.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > per

  • 5 fundo

    1.
    fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a. [root FUD; Gr. CHU, cheW-, in cheô, cheusô;

    Lat. futis, futtilis, ec-futio, re-futo, etc.,

    Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 204 sq. ], to pour, pour out, shed.
    I.
    Lit., of fluids.
    1.
    In gen.:

    (natura terram) sucum venis cogebat fundere apertis Consimilem lactis, etc.,

    Lucr. 5, 812:

    sanguinem e patera,

    Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46:

    novum liquorem (i. e. vinum) de patera,

    Hor. C. 1, 31, 3:

    vina paterā in aras,

    Ov. M. 9, 160; cf.:

    vinum inter cornua,

    id. ib. 7, 594:

    vinum super aequora,

    id. ib. 11, 247:

    duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho Fundit humi,

    Verg. A. 5, 78:

    laticem urnis,

    Ov. M. 3, 172:

    lacrimas,

    Verg. A. 3, 348: cf. Ov. M. [p. 793] 5, 540:

    fundit Anigros aquas,

    pours out, id. ib. 15, 282:

    parumne fusum est Latini sanguinis?

    shed, spilt, Hor. Epod. 7, 4:

    sanguine ob rem publicam fuso,

    Sall. H. Fr. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

    sanguinem de regno (i. e. propter regnum),

    Curt. 10, 5.—Mid.:

    memorandum, in septem lacus eum (Strymonem) fundi,

    discharges itself, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 38:

    ingentibus procellis fusus imber,

    pouring, Liv. 6, 8, 7; 6, 32, 6; cf.:

    sanguis in corporibus fusus,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 310.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Of metals, to make by melting, to melt, cast, found:

    exolevit fundendi aeris pretiosi ratio,

    Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5; cf. id. 34, 7, 18, § 46:

    caldarium (aes) funditur tantum, malleis fragile,

    id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

    aere fuso,

    id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    vitrum,

    id. 34, 14, 42, § 148:

    glandes, Auct. B. Afr. 20, 3: Theodorus ipse se ex aere fudit,

    Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 83:

    ne statuam quidem inchoari, cum ejus membra fundentur,

    Quint. 2, 1, 12:

    fusis omnibus membris (statuae),

    id. 7 praef. §

    2: olim quaerere amabam, Quid sculptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 22.—
    * b.
    In medic. lang.: aliquem, to cause one to have fluid stools, to relax the bowels (opp. comprimere): si compresserit aliquem morbus aut fuderit, Cels. praef. med.; cf. under P. a.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To wet, moisten, bathe with a liquid ( poet. and very rare):

    (ossa) niveo fundere lacte,

    Tib. 3, 2, 20:

    multo tempora funde mero,

    id. 1, 7, 50.—
    2.
    Of things non-fluid.
    a.
    In gen., to pour forth in abundance, to scatter, cast, hurl; to spread, extend, diffuse:

    desectam cum stramento segetem corbibus fudere in Tiberim,

    Liv. 2, 5, 3:

    picem reliquasque res, quibus ignis excitari potest, fundebant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4:

    tela,

    Val. Fl. 3, 243:

    sagittam,

    Sil. 7, 647:

    (solis) radios per opaca domorum,

    Lucr. 2, 115:

    quas (maculas) incuria fudit,

    has scattered, Hor. A. P. 352:

    fundunt se carcere laeti Thraces equi,

    pour themselves forth, rush out, Val. Fl. 1, 611:

    se cuncta manus ratibus,

    id. 2, 662:

    littera fundens se in charta,

    Plin. 13, 12, 25, § 81:

    luna se fundebat per fenestras,

    Verg. A. 3, 152.—Mid.:

    ne (vitis) in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

    spread out, Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:

    homines fusi per agros ac dispersi,

    Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    With the accessory notion of production, to bring forth, bear or produce (in abundance):

    crescunt arbusta et fetus in tempore fundunt,

    Lucr. 1, 351; cf.:

    terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, quae cum maxima largitate fundit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

    flores aut fruges aut bacas,

    id. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

    frugem,

    id. de Sen. 15, 51:

    plus materiae (vites),

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 192:

    cum centesimo Leontini campi fundunt,

    id. 18, 10, 21, § 95:

    facile illa (piscium ova) aqua et sustinentur et fetum fundunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

    (terra) animal prope certo tempore fudit Omne,

    Lucr. 5, 823; cf. ib. 917:

    fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti,

    Verg. G. 1, 13:

    Africa asinorum silvestrium multitudinem fundit,

    Plin. 8, 30, 46, § 108: quae te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. Pis. init.; Verg. A. 8, 139, v. Forbig. ad h. l.—
    (β).
    With the secondary notion of depth or downward direction, to throw or cast to the ground, to prostrate:

    (victi hostes) et de jugis, quae ceperant, funduntur,

    Liv. 9, 43, 20:

    nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor Corpora (cervorum) fundat humi,

    Verg. A. 1, 193; cf. Ov. M. 13, 85; Sil. 4, 533:

    aliquem arcu,

    Val. Fl. 1, 446.—In middle force:

    fundi in alga,

    to lie down, Val. Fl. 1, 252.—Esp. freq. milit. t. t., overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy:

    hostes nefarios prostravit, fudit, occidit,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27; cf.:

    exercitus caesus fususque,

    id. ib. 14, 1, 1:

    aliquos caedere, fundere atque fugare,

    Sall. J. 58, 3:

    Gaetulos,

    id. ib. 88, 3:

    classes fusae fugataeque,

    id. ib. 79, 4; cf.:

    si vi fudisset cecidissetque hostes,

    Liv. 35, 1, 8:

    hostes de jugis,

    id. 9, 43, 20:

    Gallos de delubris vestris,

    id. 6, 16, 2:

    eas omnes copias a se uno proelio fusas ac superatas esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 8; cf.:

    Massilienses crebris eruptionibus fusi,

    id. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

    Latini ad Veserim fusi et fugati,

    Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 2, 6 fin.:

    quatuor exercitus Carthaginiensium fudi, fugavi, Hispania expuli,

    id. 28, 28, 9; cf. Drak. on 38, 53, 2;

    less freq. in a reversed order: alios arma sumentes fugant funduntque,

    Sall. J. 21, 2; Vell. 2, 46 fin.: omnibus hostium copiis fusis armisque exutis, Caes. B. G. 3, 6, 3:

    magnas copias hostium fudit,

    Cic. Mur. 9, 20:

    Sabinos equitatu fudit,

    id. Rep. 2, 20:

    Armeniorum copias,

    id. Arch. 9, 21:

    maximas copias parva manu,

    Sall. C. 7, 7.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Ingen., to pour out or forth, to spread out, extend, display:

    imago de corpore fusa,

    Lucr. 4, 53:

    animam moribundo corpore fudit,

    id. 3, 1033; cf. id. 3, 700:

    concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit,

    Verg. A. 2, 532:

    circuli (appellantur), quod mixta farina et caseo et aqua circuitum aequabiliter fundebant,

    poured out, spread out, Varr. L. L. 5, § 106:

    quem secutus Cicero hanc famam latius fudit,

    Quint. 11, 2, 14; cf. id. 10, 5, 11:

    cum vero causa ea inciderit, in qua vis eloquentiae possit expromi: tum se latius fundet orator,

    will display himself, Cic. Or. 36, 125:

    superstitio, fusa per gentes,

    id. Div. 2, 72 init.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 84:

    neque se tanta in eo (Cicerone) fudisset ubertas,

    id. 12, 2, 23:

    fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua,

    riches of expression, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121. —Mid.:

    quamquam negant, nec virtutes nec vitia crescere: tamen utrumque eorum fundi quodammodo et quasi dilatari putant,

    to be diffused, Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 48; cf.:

    modo virtus latius funditur,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 27; and:

    semper ex eo, quod maximas partes continet latissimeque funditur, tota res appellatur,

    id. 5, 30, 92:

    saepe in amplificanda re funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio,

    id. Or. 62, 210.—
    B.
    In partic., of speech, to pour forth, utter:

    per quam (arteriam) vox principium a mente ducens percipitur et funditur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:

    e quibus elici vocem et fundi videmus,

    id. Tusc. 2, 24, 56:

    inanes sonos,

    id. ib. 5, 26, 73 (for which:

    inani voce sonare,

    id. Fin. 2, 15, 48):

    sonum,

    id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    verba poëtarum more (opp. ratione et arte distinguere),

    id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

    versus hexametros aliosque variis modis atque numeris ex tempore,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 194; cf.:

    grave plenumque carmen,

    id. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    tam bonos septenarios ad tibiam,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 107:

    physicorum oracula,

    id. N. D. 1, 26, 66:

    has ore loquelas,

    Verg. A. 5, 842:

    preces pectore ab imo,

    id. ib. 6, 55; so,

    preces,

    id. ib. 5, 234; Hor. Epod. 17, 53:

    mera mendacia,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 33:

    jam tu verba fundis hic, sapientia?

    you waste, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7:

    opprobria rustica,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146:

    iras inanes,

    Val. Fl. 3, 697:

    vehemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni Fundet opes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 258, 4; Tac. A. 14, 30; Aug. in Psa. 25, 10 al.—Hence, fūsus, a, um, P. a., spread out, extended, broad, large, copious, diffuse.
    A.
    Lit.:

    (aër) tum fusus et extenuatus sublime fertur, tum autem concretus in nubes cogitur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: fusior alvus, i. e. more relaxed (opp. astrictior), Cels. 1, 3 med.:

    toga (opp. restricta),

    wide, full, Suet. Aug. 73:

    Gallorum fusa et candida corpora,

    full, plump, Liv. 38, 21, 9:

    campi in omnem partem,

    extended, Verg. A. 6, 440; cf.:

    non fusior ulli Terra fuit domino,

    a broader, larger kingdom, Luc. 4, 670.—
    B.
    Trop., copious, diffuse; flowing, free:

    genus sermonis non liquidum, non fusum ac profluens,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; cf.:

    constricta an latius fusa narratio,

    Quint. 2, 13, 5:

    materia abundantior atque ultra quam oporteat fusa,

    id. 2, 4, 7:

    ut illud, quod ad omnem honestatem pertinet, decorum, quam late fusum sit, appareat,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 5:

    (vox) in egressionibus fusa et securae claritatis (opp. contracta),

    unrestrained, free, id. 11, 3, 64:

    periodus,

    id. 9, 4, 128:

    fusiores liberioresque numeri,

    id. 130:

    lingua Graeca prolixior fusiorque quam nostra,

    Gell. 2, 26, 7:

    in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes,

    Quint. 9, 4, 138:

    plenior Aeschines et magis fusus,

    id. 10, 1, 77:

    dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus (opp. densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides),

    id. 10, 1, 73.— Sup. seems not to occur.— Adv.: fūse.
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Spread out, extended:

    (manus) fusius paulo in diversum resolvitur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 97.—
    2.
    (Acc. to B.) Copiously, at length, diffusely:

    quae fuse olim disputabantur ac libere, ea nunc articulatim distincteque dicuntur,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 36:

    multa dicere fuse lateque,

    id. Tusc. 4, 26, 57:

    fuse lateque dicendi facultas,

    id. Or. 32, 113:

    fuse et copiose augere et ornate aliquid (opp. brevia et acuta),

    id. Fin. 3, 7, 26.— Comp.:

    haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius (opp. brevius angustiusque concluduntur),

    Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

    fusius et ornatius rem exponere,

    Quint. 4, 2, 128.— Sup. seems not to occur.
    2.
    fundo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [fundus], to lay the bottom, keel, foundation of a thing, to found (syn.: condo, exstruo, etc.).
    I.
    Lit. (perh. only poet.):

    haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est,

    i. e. is laid, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44 (v. Ritschl ad h. l.);

    dum mea puppis erat validā fundata carinā,

    Ov. P. 4, 3, 5; id. H. 16, 111:

    Erycino in vertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae,

    is founded, Verg. A. 5, 759: sedes saxo vetusto. id. ib. 8, 478:

    arces,

    id. ib. 4, 260.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., to fasten, secure, make firm:

    dente tenaci Ancora fundabat naves,

    Verg. A. 6, 4:

    (genus humanum) Et majoribus et solidis magis ossibus intus Fundatum,

    Lucr. 5, 928; 4, 828.—
    II.
    Trop., to found, establish, fix, confirm (class., esp. in part. perf.; cf.:

    firmo, stabilio): illud vero maxime nostrum fundavit imperium et populi Romani nomen auxit, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Balb. 13, 31; cf.:

    quantis laboribus fundatum imperium,

    id. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

    qui (rei publicae status) bonorum omnium conjunctione et auctoritate consulatus mei fixus et fundatus videbatur,

    id. Att. 1, 16, 6:

    accurate non modo fundata verum etiam exstructa disciplina,

    id. Fin. 4, 1, 1; cf.:

    fundati a doctore,

    thoroughly instructed, Lact. 6, 21, 4:

    res publica praeclare fundata,

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10; cf.:

    qui legibus urbem Fundavit,

    Verg. A. 6, 810:

    in eorum agro sedes fundare Bastarnis,

    Liv. 40, 57, 5:

    libertatem, salutem, securitatem,

    Plin. Pan. 8, 1:

    jus civile,

    Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 39:

    vacuos Penates prole,

    Stat. S. 4, 7, 30; cf.:

    thalamos Tritonide nympha,

    i. e. to marry, Sil. 2, 65:

    partis et fundatis amicitiis,

    Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 25:

    fundatae atque optime constitutae opes,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 1; cf.:

    nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

    well laid out, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

    nihil veritate fundatum,

    Cic. Fl. 11, 26; cf. Lucr. 5, 161.— Hence, fundātus, a, um, P. a., firm, fixed, grounded, durable (very rare).
    A.
    Lit.:

    quo fundatior erit ex arenato directura, etc.,

    Vitr. 7, 3 med.:

    si permanetis in fide fundati,

    Vulg. Col. 1, 23.—
    B.
    Trop.: deflevi subitas fundatissimae familiae ruinas, Auct. Or. pro Domo, 36, 96.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fundo

  • 6 adhibeo

    ădhĭbĕo, ēre, hĭbŭi, hĭbĭtum [ad + habeo], tr. [st1]1 [-] mettre auprès, approcher, appliquer, offrir, présenter.    - adhibere vincula captis, Ov.: enchaîner des captifs.    - adhibere vultus ad aliquem, Ov.: tourner ses regards vers qqn.    - adhibere se ad rationem, Lucr.: s'appliquer à la raison.    - adhibere motum judici, Cic.: faire passer un sentiment dans le coeur du juge.    - adhibere odores ad deos, Cic.: offrir de l'encens aux dieux.    - adhibere cultus diis immortalibus, Cic. N. D. 1, 2: adresser un culte aux dieux immortels.    - medicinam alicui adhibere: appliquer un remède à qqn.    - judicium aliqua re acrius adhibere, Quint. 12, 10, 76: soumettre qqch au jugement de personnes plus sévères.    - adhibere alicui calcaria, Cic. Brut. 56: appliquer l'éperon à qqn, employer l'éperon avec qqn. [st1]2 [-] ajouter, joindre.    - nihil ad panem adhibere: ne rien ajouter à son pain.    - adhibere ad panem nasturtium, Cic.: manger du cresson avec son pain.    - adhibere heredem fratri, Dig.: donner un cohéritier à son frère. [st1]3 [-] employer, mettre en oeuvre.    - adhibere manus medicas ad vulnera, Virg. G. 3: *employer les mains du médecin pour sa blessure* = avoir recours aux mains du médecin pour sa blessure.    - adhibete aurîs (s.-ent. ad ea) quae ego loquor, Plaut. Ps.: tendez l'oreille à ce que je vous dis.    - in aliqua re curam et diligentiam adhibere: consacrer ses soins attentifs à qqch.    - adhibere numerum iambicum in fabulis, Cic.: faire usage de l'iambe dans ses pièces.    - adhibere machinas ad... Cic.: faire jouer des ressorts pour...    - adhibere patientiam, Liv.: faire preuve de patience.    - sic se adhibere ut... Cic.: se conduire de manière que. [st1]4 [-] faire venir près de soi, mander, consulter, faire appel à, appeler, invoquer, avoir recours à, produire (des témoins).    - oratorem adhibere: faire appel à un orateur, recourir à un orateur.    - adhibere testes: produire des témoins.    - adhibere in auxilium: appeler à son secours.    - adhibere medicum, Cic.: faire venir un médecin.    - adhibere aliquem in partem periculi, Ov. M. 11, 447: associer qqn à ses périls.    - auspicia adhibere: prendre les auspices.    - convivio (cenae) aliquem adhibere: inviter qqn à sa table.    - me Regulus non adhibuerat, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 4: Régulus ne m'avait pas invité. [st1]5 [-] accueillir, traiter.    - aliquem adhibere + adv. de manière: traiter qqn (de telle ou telle manière).    - bene aliquem adhibere: bien traiter qqn.    - severius aliquem adhibere: traiter qqn assez (trop) sévèrement.    - adhibere aliquem liberaliter, Cic.: traiter qqn dignement.
    * * *
    ădhĭbĕo, ēre, hĭbŭi, hĭbĭtum [ad + habeo], tr. [st1]1 [-] mettre auprès, approcher, appliquer, offrir, présenter.    - adhibere vincula captis, Ov.: enchaîner des captifs.    - adhibere vultus ad aliquem, Ov.: tourner ses regards vers qqn.    - adhibere se ad rationem, Lucr.: s'appliquer à la raison.    - adhibere motum judici, Cic.: faire passer un sentiment dans le coeur du juge.    - adhibere odores ad deos, Cic.: offrir de l'encens aux dieux.    - adhibere cultus diis immortalibus, Cic. N. D. 1, 2: adresser un culte aux dieux immortels.    - medicinam alicui adhibere: appliquer un remède à qqn.    - judicium aliqua re acrius adhibere, Quint. 12, 10, 76: soumettre qqch au jugement de personnes plus sévères.    - adhibere alicui calcaria, Cic. Brut. 56: appliquer l'éperon à qqn, employer l'éperon avec qqn. [st1]2 [-] ajouter, joindre.    - nihil ad panem adhibere: ne rien ajouter à son pain.    - adhibere ad panem nasturtium, Cic.: manger du cresson avec son pain.    - adhibere heredem fratri, Dig.: donner un cohéritier à son frère. [st1]3 [-] employer, mettre en oeuvre.    - adhibere manus medicas ad vulnera, Virg. G. 3: *employer les mains du médecin pour sa blessure* = avoir recours aux mains du médecin pour sa blessure.    - adhibete aurîs (s.-ent. ad ea) quae ego loquor, Plaut. Ps.: tendez l'oreille à ce que je vous dis.    - in aliqua re curam et diligentiam adhibere: consacrer ses soins attentifs à qqch.    - adhibere numerum iambicum in fabulis, Cic.: faire usage de l'iambe dans ses pièces.    - adhibere machinas ad... Cic.: faire jouer des ressorts pour...    - adhibere patientiam, Liv.: faire preuve de patience.    - sic se adhibere ut... Cic.: se conduire de manière que. [st1]4 [-] faire venir près de soi, mander, consulter, faire appel à, appeler, invoquer, avoir recours à, produire (des témoins).    - oratorem adhibere: faire appel à un orateur, recourir à un orateur.    - adhibere testes: produire des témoins.    - adhibere in auxilium: appeler à son secours.    - adhibere medicum, Cic.: faire venir un médecin.    - adhibere aliquem in partem periculi, Ov. M. 11, 447: associer qqn à ses périls.    - auspicia adhibere: prendre les auspices.    - convivio (cenae) aliquem adhibere: inviter qqn à sa table.    - me Regulus non adhibuerat, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 4: Régulus ne m'avait pas invité. [st1]5 [-] accueillir, traiter.    - aliquem adhibere + adv. de manière: traiter qqn (de telle ou telle manière).    - bene aliquem adhibere: bien traiter qqn.    - severius aliquem adhibere: traiter qqn assez (trop) sévèrement.    - adhibere aliquem liberaliter, Cic.: traiter qqn dignement.
    * * *
        Adhibeo, adhibes, pe. cor. adhibui, adhibitum, pen. corr. adhibere, Ex ad, et habeo. Tenir une chose pres, Joindre une chose à une autre, Appliquer, Approcher quelque chose.
    \
        Ad maiores causas Hortensius adhiberi coeptus est. Cic. On commencea de l'appeler, et de s'en aider, ou servir aux proces de grande importance.
    \
        Ad ornatum corporis adhibetur vestis. Cic. On en use, ou s'en sert pour, etc.
    \
        Ad deliberationes eas, quas habebat domi de Repub. principes ciuitatis adhibebat. Cic. Il appeloit et faisoit venir, ou Amettoit et laissoit venir.
    \
        Ad panem aliquid adhibere. Cic. Adjouster, ou mettre quelque chose avec le pain, Manger avec le pain quelque autre chose.
    \
        Ad partus adhibetur Iuno Lucina. Cic. On l'invoque aux enfantements.
    \
        Adhibere coenae aliquem. Quintil. Recevoir à sa table, Quand un grand personnage fait venir à sa table un homme de moindre estat.
    \
        Adhibere animum. Cic. Estre attentif.
    \
        Arbitrum. Cic. Prendre pour arbitre.
    \
        Artem. Cic. User d'artifice, S'aider de ruse.
    \
        Audaciam. Caes. User de hardiesse, S'enhardir, S'adventurer.
    \
        Aures. Cic. Escouter attentivement, ou diligemment.
    \
        Authoritatem ad monendum. Cic. Oultre la parolle, avoir en soy authorité, ou gravité et bonne majesté, par laquelle celuy que nous admonnestons nous ait en reverence.
    \
        Auxilium. Celsus. User d'aide, ou de remede.
    \
        Blanditias. Ouid. User de flatteries, Flatter.
    \
        Calcaria equo adhibere. Cic. Picquer des esperons, Bailler ou donner des esperons à un cheval.
    \
        Cautionem. Cic. User de prudence, Se donner de garde, Se guetter, Se conduire sagement, Y tenir l'oeil.
    \
        Celeritatem. Cic. Se haster, ou Diligenter, Faire diligence.
    \
        Cibum et potum. Cic. Boire et manger.
    \
        Collegium Praetorum. Cic. Appeler, Faire venir, Faire assembler.
    \
        Conscientiam alicuius. Tacit. Faire quelque chose en sceu d'un autre, Se deceler à quelcun de ce qu'on veult faire, Luy dire son secret.
    \
        Consilium in suffragium. Cic. User de conseil et meure deliberation pour donner les voix en l'election.
    \
        Adhibere sibi aliquem ad vel in consilium. Cic. Consulter avec un autre, Luy demander conseil.
    \
        Te adhibe in consilium. Cic. Conseille toy par toymesme.
    \
        Consolationem alicui. Cic. Consoler, User de consolation envers aucun.
    \
        Consuetudinem. Cic. S'accoustumer, Prendre accoustumance.
    \
        Contentionem. Cic. S'efforcer, Mettre peine.
    \
        Correctionem. Cic. Corriger.
    \
        Crudelitatem in aliquem. Cic. User de cruaulté envers quelcun.
    \
        Adhibere curationem. Cic. Grauioribus morbis periculosas curationes et ancipites adhibere coguntur. User de cures et traictements, Curer.
    \
        Curam. Cic. Prendre soing de quelque chose, En soigner.
    \
        Delectum adhibere. Cic. Discerner entre une chose et autre, Mettre difference.
    \
        Deos. Ouid. Appeler, ou Invoquer à nostre aide.
    \
        Diligentiam. Cic. Mettre, ou Faire diligence, User de diligence.
    \
        Diligentiam in amicitiis comparandis. Cic. Estre diligent à acquerir des amities.
    \
        Diligentiam in se. Cic. Estre soigneux de soy, Estre diligent à penser de soy.
    \
        Doctrinam. Cic. User de doctrine.
    \
        Dolorem animi. Cic. Se trister et ennuyer, Prendre tristesse et ennuy.
    \
        Dolum, fraudem, calumniam. Cic. User de cautelle, de finesse, etc.
    \
        Festinationem. Colum. Se haster, Faire bonne diligence.
    \
        Fidem alicui. Cic. Croire et adjouster foy à aucun.
    \
        Fidem in amicorum periculis. Cic. Se monstrer vray et feal ami au besoing et au danger ou necessité de ses amis.
    \
        Fletum in funeribus. Cic. Plourer à l'enterrement des morts.
    \
        Flores adhibet orator in causis. Cic. Frictionem. Cels. Frotter.
    \
        Genus victus adhibere. Celsus. User de maniere de nourriture, ou de vivre.
    \
        Grauitatem in dolore. Cic. Se monstrer grave et constant en son adversité, User de constance, etc.
    \
        Ignes. Cic. Mettre le feu en quelque lieu.
    \
        Iudicium. Cic. User de jugement.
    \
        Iudicium suum adhibere. Cic. Interposer son jugement.
    \
        Laudatorem. Cic. Exhiber, Alleguer quelcun qui en die bien.
    \
        Lectionem ad aliquid. Cic. Lire quelque chose.
    \
        Ludos. Cic. Apporter et bailler passetemps, comme farces, et autres choses. \ Lumen. Cic. Donner, ou bailler lumiere.
    \
        Machinas omnes adhibere ad tenendum adolescentem. Cic. User de touts moyens pour retenir un adolescent.
    \
        Magnificentiam et despicientiam rerum humanarum. Ci. Estre magnifique, et mespriser les choses humaines.
    \
        Magnitudinem animi. Cic. Estre ferme et constant.
    \
        Manus genibus. Ouid. Mettre les mains aux genouls.
    \
        Manus medicas ad vulnera. Virg. Medeciner les playes.
    \
        Manus pomis. Senec. Mettre les mains sur les pommes.
    \
        Manus vectigalibus. Ci. Mettre les mains dessus le revenu du peuple.
    \
        Medicum. Cic. Faire venir le medecin, User du medecin, Se faire medeciner. \ Medicinam. Cic. User de medecine, Medeciner.
    \
        Memoriam. Cic. His rebus adhibeat tanquam lumen aliquod, memoriam. Adjouster.
    \
        Misericordiam. Cic. User de pitié, Avoir pitié.
    \
        Moderationem. Cic. User de modestie, Estre modeste.
    \
        Modum. Cic. User de mesure, Tenir moyen.
    \
        Sumptibus adhibere modum. Plin. iunior. Despendre par raison, Ne point despendre excessivement.
    \
        Motus iudici. Cic. Esmouvoir le juge.
    \
        Munditiem. Cic. User de netteté, ou d'honnesteté.
    \
        Necessitatem. Cic. Contraindre.
    \
        Neruos. Cic. S'efforcer, S'employer.
    \
        Officium adhibere erga aliquem. Cic. Luy faire plaisir.
    \
        Orationem ad aliquem. Cic. Cum adhibemus ad eos orationem huiusmodi. Quand nous parlons à euls en ceste maniere, Quand nous usons de tels propos.
    \
        Odores ad deos. Cic. User de bonnes senteurs en leurs sacrifices.
    \
        Odorem rebus. Lucret. Bailler, Donner.
    \
        Ornamenta ad rem aliquam. Cic. Bailler.
    \
        Parsimoniam. Plaut. Espargner, Estre de bon gouvernement.
    \
        Patronum. Cic. S'aider d'un advocat, Prendre quelcun pour son advocat.
    \
        Plagas. Celsus. Battre, Frapper.
    \
        Praeparationem in rebus agendis. Cic. Faire ses preparatifs, User de, etc. \ Preces diis. Cic. Prier, User de prieres.
    \
        Prudentiam ad omnes res. Cic. User de prudence et discretion.
    \
        Querelas. Tibul. Se complaindre.
    \
        Rationem. Cic. User de raison.
    \
        Adhibe te ad veram rationem. Lucretius. Sois attentif à entendre la vraye raison.
    \
        Adhibere nobis religionem. Cic. Faire conscience.
    \
        Remedium. Cic. Mettre remede, Appliquer un remede à une playe.
    \
        Reuerentiam aduersus homines. Cic. Avoir crainte, ou honte d'offenser les gents.
    \
        Saeuitiam in aliquem. Cic. User de cruaulté envers aucun, Luy estre cruel. \ Sapientiam. Cic. User de sapience.
    \
        Adhibere se ita, etc. Cic. Se gouverner tellement que, etc.
    \
        Sermonem. Cic. His sermo quum adhibetur. Quand on parle à euls.
    \
        Seueritatem in filio. Cic. Tenir rudesse à son fils, user de rudesse envers son filz.
    \
        Quintum filium seuerius adhibebo. Cic. Je monstreray visage rude et severe à ton filz Quintus.
    \
        Hos castris adhibe socios. Virg. Pren les pour compaignons, Associe les avec toy.
    \
        Solatia. Plin. iunior. Consoler, Donner consolation.
    \
        Solertiam. Caesar. Mettre cueur et peine, L'esprit et diligence.
    \
        Speciem in dicendo. Cic. Donner couleur ou lustre à son parler, Farder son langage.
    \
        Stimulos. Lucret. Poindre, Picquer, Aguillonner, Stimuler.
    \
        Studium ad aliquid. Cic. Mettre son estude à quelque chose.
    \
        Supplicium. Cic. Punir, Affliger, Tormenter.
    \
        Tempus adhibere ad considerandas res. Cic. Mettre et employer du temps.
    \
        Testes. Cic. Amener, ou produire tesmoings, Prendre à tesmoings.
    \
        Deum testem. Cic. Jurer Dieu, Prendre ou Appeler Dieu à tesmoing.
    \
        Titulum humatis. Liuius. Mettre un epitaphe sur les trespassez au lieu où ils sont enterrez.
    \
        Tormentum. Cic. Employer engins, User de, etc.
    \
        Tympanum. Plaut. Jouer du tabourin.
    \
        Vanitatem orationis. Cic. Mentir à son escient.
    \
        Vim. Cic. Faire force, Forcer, Contraindre.
    \
        Adhibere vim veritati. Cic. Forcer verité par faulx tesmoings, ou autrement.
    \
        Vires in re aliqua. Quintil. S'efforcer, S'employer, Mettre son povoir.
    \
        Virtutem. Cic. Se monstrer vertueux, Se porter vertueusement.
    \
        Vsum. Cic. S'accoustumer.
    \
        Vincula alicui. Ouid. Le lier.
    \
        Vinum aegrotis. Cic. Bailler du vin à boire aux malades.
    \
        Huc adhibe vultus. Ouid. Tourne ton visage deca, Regarde nous.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > adhibeo

  • 7 ad

    [ABCU]A - ad (arch. ar), prép. avec acc.: (Gaffiot P. 27-29 -- Lebaigue P. 20) [zapI]I [sens local] [zapA]A [idée générale de mouvement, de direction, au pr. et au fig.] [zapst]¶1 vers, à: legatos ad aliquem mittere: envoyer des ambassadeurs à qqn II avec les noms de lieu, ad exprime l'idée d'approche ou bien l'idée d'arrivée; l'idée d'entrée dans le lieu est exprimée par in: ad urbem proficisci, Caes. BC. 1, 32, 1: partir pour la ville [Rome] ; ad urbem venire, Cic. Verr. 2, 167: venir à la ville II avec les noms de villes et de petites îles, ad exprime la direction ou l'arrivée dans les environs: ad Genavam pervenit, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 1: il arriva près de Genève; ad Mutinam proficisci, Cic. Phil. 12, 8: partir pour Modène; dux classium fuit ad ilium, Cic. Div. 1, 87: il [Calchas] dirigea les flottes vers Ilion II [en lang. milit. vers, contre: ad hostes contendere, Caes. BG. 5, 9, 1: marcher contre les ennemis; ad castra pergere, Caes. BG. 3, 18, 8: se porter contre le camp II ad vim atque arma confugere, Cic. Verr. 1, 78: chercher un refuge dans (recourir à) la force et les armes; ad insolitum genus dicendi labi, Cic. Sest. 119: se laisser glisser vers un genre de discours insolite ; [avec ellipse du v.] nunc ad ea quae scripsisti, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2: venons-en maintenant à ce que tu m'as écrit. [zapst]¶2 [idée d'attacher, lier]: ad terram naves deligare, Caes. BG. 4, 29, 2: attacher des vaisseaux au rivage II [idée d'ajouter, annexer]: complecti vis amplissimos vires ad tuum scelus, Cic. Pis. 75: tu veux envelopper dans ton crime les hommes les plus considérables; ad cetera volnera, Cic. Vat. 20: outre les autres blessures, cf. Clu. 30 ; Liv. 7, 16, 2; ad naves viginti quinque, Liv. 23, 38, 7: en plus des 25 navires, cf. 24, 45, 3 ; 25, 3, 7, etc ; ad haec, en outre: Varr. R. 3, 5, 11; Liv. 6, 20, 7, etc ; ou ad hoc, Sall. C. 14, 3 17, 4, etc ; ad id, Liv. 3,62, 1, etc. [zapst]¶3 [idée de diriger, incliner]: ad centuriones ora convertunt, Caes. G. 6, 39, 2: ils tournent leurs visages vers les centurions; omnium mentibus ad pugnam intentis, Caes. G. 3, 26, 2: l'attention de tous étant portée sur le combat; ad aegrotandum proclivitas, Cic. Tusc. 4, 28: tendance (disposition) à la maladie; paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio, Caes. BG. 7,73, 5: la pente allant en se resserrant peu à peu vers le bas [en entonnoir] II ad omne periculum opponitur (consulatus), Cic. Mur. 87: (le consulat) s'expose à tous les dangers; ergo haec ad populum, Cic. Att. 6, 8, 4, donc voilà pour le peuple. II [idée de protection, de defense contre]: ad meos impetus opponitur... Cic. Verr. 5, 2: à mes assauts on oppose. [zapst]¶4 [idée d'adresser par écrit, par la parole, etc.]: ad aliquem omnia in dies singulos persequi, Cic. Att. 15, 26, 1: envoyer à qqn une relation quotidienne de tous les événements; sibi a Lentulo ad Catilinam datas esse (litteras), Cic. Cat. 3, 12: que Lentulus lui avait remis une lettre à l'adresse de Catilina; epistula C. Verris ad Neronem, Cic. Verr. 1, 83: lettre de C. Verrès à Néron II [verbe non exprimé]: tu modo quam saepissime ad me aliquid, Cic. Att. 4, 6, 4: pourvu que tu m'envoies le plus souvent possible quelques lignes; velim scribas ad me primum placeatne tibi aliquid ad illum, Cic. Att. 13, 16, 2: je voudrais que tu m'écrives d'abord, si tu es d'avis que je lui dédie qq ouvrage. [zapst]¶5 [indication de distance, de limite] à, jusqu'à: ex eo oppido pons ad Helvetios pertinet, Caes. BG. 1, 6, 3: de cette ville un pont s'étend jusque chez les Helvètes; usque ad ultimas terras, Cic. Verr. 4, 64: jusqu'aux confins de la terre II [au fig.] ad vivum, Cic. Lael. 18: jusqu'au vif; ad plenum, Virg. G. 2, 244: jusqu'au plein; pecunia ad sanum modum habendi parata, Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5: l'argent acquis jusqu'à un raisonnable degré de possession; non ad perfectum nec ad plenum, Sen. Ep. 71, 18: non pas jusqu'à la perfection ni à la plénitude; si ea mercatus esses ad eam summam quam volueram, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1: si tu avais fait l'achat en te limitant à la somme que je voulais II ad numerum obsides mittere, Caes. BG. 5, 20, 4: envoyer des otages jusqu'au nombre fixé; in eorum locum et ad eorum numerum, Cic. Verr. 5, 73: à leur place et en pareil nombre; equitatus omnis, ad numerum quattuor milium, Caes. BG. 1, 15, 1: toute la cavalerie, à l'effectif de 4.000 hommes; ad certum pondus examinare, Caes. BG. 5, 12, 4: peser jusqu'à un poids déterminé; Tossas ad eandem magnitudinem perficere, Caes. BC. 1, 42, 1: creuser des fossés à la même profondeur II ad verbum unum contracta brevitas, Cic. de Or. 3, 157: brièveté ramassée en un mot unique; numerum ad trecentorum summam explevit, Liv. 2, 1, 10: il compléta le nombre jusqu'à un total de 300 II usque ad novem, Cic. Ac. 2, 94: jusqu'à neuf; omnes ad unum, Cic. Lael. 86: tous jusqu'au dernier, tous sans exception; omnibus navibus ad unam incolumibus, Caes. BC. 3, 6, 3: tous les navires sans exception étant indemnes. [zapA]B [sans idée de mouvement] [zapst]¶1 près de, chez: fuit ad me sane diu, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8: il resta chez moi très longtemps; in servitute ad suum patrem manere, Plaut. Cap 49: rester comme esclave chez son propre père, cf. Ter. Haut. 979 ; Varr. R. 1, 17, 3; Cato. Agr. 7, 2; Liv. 24, 48, 9; Sen. Ep. 108, 4 II ad recuperatores dicere, Cic. Verr. 3, 68: parler devant les récupérateurs; ad judicem Cic. Br. 289: devant le juge; ad populum agere, Cic. Phil. 12, 17: plaider devant le peuple II ad exercitum manere, Caes. BG. 5, 53: rester à l'armée, cf. 7, 5, 3; ad Caesarem primum pilum ducere, Caes. BG. 6, 38, 1: être centurion primipile dans l'armée de César II ad pedes: près des pieds, aux pieds: Cic. Div. 1, 46 ; Sen. Ben. 3, 27, 1, etc. II ad omnes nationes sanctum nomen, Caes. BG. 3, 9, 3: titre sacré auprès de toutes les nations, cf. BG. 4, 16,7 ; 7, 5, 3 ; 21, 60, 4, etc. [zapst]¶2 [proximité d'un lieu] près de: ad urbem esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 21: être près de la ville [Rome]; ad oppidum constitit, Caes. BC. 1, 16, 4: il s'arrêta près de la ville; pons qui erat ad Genavam, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 2: le pont qui était près de Genève. II [en parl. de batailles]: proelium ad Nolam, Cic. Br. 12: bataille de Nola; ad Tenedum, Cic. Mur. 33: de Ténédos; ad Magetobrigam, Caes. BG. 1, 31, 12: à Magetobriga; ad Cannas, Liv. 23, 11, 7, etc. II à, dans [emploi rare]: ad villam ali, Cic. Amer. 44: se nourrir dans la maison de campagne; quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt, Cic. Verr. 4, 4: [statues] qui sont dans le temple du Bonheur [ABCR]II [avec ellipse de aedem]: ad Castoris, Cic. Quinct. 17: près du temple de Castor; senatus ad Apollinis fuit, Cic. Q. 2, 3, 3: le sénat tint séance au temple d'Apollon. II du côté de, vers: pugnatur acriter ad novissimum agmen, Caes. BC. 1, 80, 5: le combat est acharné du côté de l'arrière-garde, cf. BC. 1, 63, 3 ; 2, 42, 5; castris ad eam partem oppidi positis? Caes. BG. 7, 17, 1: le camp ayant été établi de ce côté de la ville; equestribus proeliis ad aquam factis, Caes. BG. 5, 50, 1: des engagements de cavalerie ayant eu lieu près du ruisseau; ad laevam, ad dextram, Cic. Tim. 48: vers la gauche, vers la droite (à g., à dr.); ad pulvinaria, Cic. Cat. 3, 23: [près des coussins] à tous les temples; ad solarium, Cic. Quinct. 59: aux alentours du cadran solaire; ad speculum barbam vellere, Sen. Nat. 1, 17, 2: s'épiler devant un miroir; ad ignem coquere, Cato. Agr. 81: cuire au feu, sur le feu. [zapst]¶3 [adaptation accompagnement]: cantare ad chordarum sonum, Nep. Epam. 2, 1: chanter aux sons d'un instrument à cordes; ad tibicinem, Cic. Agr. 2, 93; Tusc. 1, 3, etc.: avec accompagnement du joueur de flûte II ad lucernam, Sen. Ir. 3, 18, 4: à la lueur d'une lampe, cf. Cic. Q. 3, 7, 2; ad faces, Sen. Brev. 20, 5: à la lueur des torches; ad lunam, Virg, En. 4, 513: à la lumière de la lune; ad clepsydram, Cic. de Or. 3, 138: sous le contrôle de la clepsydre [avec un temps mesuré]. [zapst]¶4 [adhérence]: ad radices linguae haerens, Cic. Nat. 2, 135: fixé à la base de la langue; ad saxa inhaerens, Cic. Nat. 2, 100: attaché aux rochers. [zapst]¶5 [participation à], [au lieu de scribendo adesse, Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5, etc.] ad scribendum esse: être à (participer à) la rédaction d'un sénatus-consulte: Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9 ; Fam. 12, 29, 2. [zapI]II [sens temporel]: [zapst]¶1 jusqu'à: ad summam senectutem, Cic. Br. 179: jusqu'à la plus grande vieillesse; usque ad hanc diem, Cic. Verr. 4, 130; ad hanc diem, Cic. Cat. 3, 17: jusqu'aujourd'hui; ad hoc tempus, Cic. Verr. 3, 216: jusqu'au moment présent; ad multam noctem, Caes. BG. 1, 26, 3: jusqu'à un moment avancé de la nuit; ad nostram memoriam, Nep. Them.10, 3: jusqu'à notre époque; ad reditum nostrum, Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3: jusqu'à notre retour; veteres illi usque ad Socratem, Cic. de Or. 3, 72: ces anciens jusqu'à Socrate. [zapst]¶2 [approximation] vers: ad vesperam, Catul. 2, 6: sur le soir; ad lucem, Cic. Div. 1, 99: vers le point du jour; ad extremam orationem, Caes. BG. 7, 53, 1: sur la fin du discours; ad exitum defensionis tuae, Cic. Verr. 5, 32: (sur) à la fin de ta défense; ad adventum imperatorum, Nep. Att. 10, 2: à l'arrivée des triumvirs, cf. Cic. Att. 2, 17,3; 13, 15, 2. [zapst]¶3 [précision] à: ad diem, Caes. BG. 2, 5, 1: au jour fixé, cf. 7, 77, 10 ; Cic. Off. 3, 45; ad idus, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 6: aux ides; ad tempus: à temps, au moment opportun Cic. Verr. 1, 141; Caes. BG. 4, 23, 5 [mais Fin. 5, 1 et Att. 16, 2, 2, au moment fixé] ; ad extremum, Cic. Or. 174 ; de Or. 1, 142: enfin. [zapst]¶4 [durée limitée, sens voisin de jusqu'à] pour: brevis est et ad tempus, Cic. Off. 1, 27: [passion qui] est courte et pour un temps; bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus, Cic. Lael. 27: les bêtes aiment leur progéniture pour un temps limité; ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 24, 5: élu provisoirement, cf. 21, 25, 14. [zapst]¶5 [avenir] dans: ad annum, Cic. Att 5, 2, 1, [il sera tribun de la plèbe] dans un an, l'année prochaine, cf. de Or. 3, 92; ad decem milia annorum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 90: dans 10.000 ans. [zapI]III [rapports variés]: [zapst]¶1 pour, en vue de [avec les verbes qui signifient exhorter à, pousser à, préparer à, disposer pour; se servir pour; travailler à; envoyer pour, etc. ; avec les adjectifs et, d'une manière générale, les expressions qui marquent le but ; très souvent ad est suivi du gérondif ou de l'adj. verbal]: ad celeritatem onerandi paulo facit humiliores (naves), Caes. BG. 5, 1, 2: en vue de la promptitude du chargement, il fait faire les vaisseaux un peu plus bas; ad omnes casus, Caes. BG. 4, 31, 2, etc.: (en vue de) pour toutes les éventualités; naves factae ad quamvis vim perferendam, Caes. BG. 3, 13, 3: navires faits pour supporter n'importe quelle violence; tu omnia ad pacem; ego omnia ad libertatem, Cic. ad Br. 2, 7, 1: [ellipse du verbe] toi, c'était tout pour la paix; moi, tout pour la liberté; non ad eam rem, sed ut... Cic. Tusc. 49: ce n'est pas dans cette intention, c'est pour que... ; ad hoc, ut + subj. Liv. 28, 39, 7; 45, 39, 8: en vue de, pour que. [zapst]¶2 [marquant le résultat, l'aboutissement]: ex agresti vita exculti ad humanitatem, Cic. Lep. 2, 36: façonnés et amenés d'une vie sauvage à la civilisation; efferavit ea caedes Thebanos ad execrabile odium Romanorum, Liv. 33, 29, 1: ce meurtre déchaîna les Thébains et leur inspira une haine implacable contre les Romains; mutatis repente ad misericordiam animis, Liv. 24, 26, 14: la fureur populaire s'étant changée soudain en compassion II ad necem, Cic. Tusc. 2, 34: [frapper] jusqu'à ce que mort s'ensuive; ad insaniam aliquid concupiscere, Cic. Verr. 2, 87: désirer qqch jusqu'à être fou; nihil intolerabile ad demittendum animum, nimis laetabile ad ecferendum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37: rien qui soit intolérable, au point d'abattre l'âme, qui cause trop de joie, au point de la transporter. [zapst]¶3 relativement à: genus praedandi ad magnitudinem quaestus immensum, Cic. Verr. 5, 22: genre de pillage sans limite quant à la grandeur des profits; ad cetera egregius, Liv. 37, 7, 15: remarquable sous tous les autres rapports II quid id ad rem? Cic. Quinct. 79: quel rapport cela a-t-il avec l'affaire? quid ad praetorem? Cic. Verr. 1, 116: en quoi cela intéresse-t-il le préteur? quid egerit, nihil ad causam, Cic. Sest. 71: ce qu'il a accompli? cela ne regarde pas le procès; ad ea quae scribis... Cic. Att. 11, 21, 1: quant à ce que tu écris... [zapst]¶4 suivant, conformément à, d'après: ad meam rationem usumque non aestimo, Cic. Verr. 4, 13: à consulter mes principes et mon usage personnel, je ne formule pas d'évaluation; versare suam naturam ad tempus, Cic. Cael. 13: modifier son caractère suivant les circonstances; hanc ad legem, Cic. de Or. 3, 190: d'après ces principes; ad naturam, Cic. Fin. 1, 30: conformément à la nature; ad nutum alicujus, Cic. Verr. pr. 13: selon la volonté de qqn; ad perpendiculum, Cic. Verr. 1, 133: suivant la perpendiculaire; ad istorum normam sapiens, Cic. Lael. 18: sage suivant leur (équerre) règle. [zapst]¶5 en comparaison de: terram ad universi caeli complexum quasi puncti instar obtinere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40: que la terre occupe pour ainsi dire l'équivalent d'un point en comparaison de l'étendue qu'embrasse le ciel; sed nihil ad Persium, Cic. de Or. 2, 25, mais ce n'est rien au prix de Persius, cf. Leg. 1, 6. [zapst]¶6 comme suite à, par suite de: ad clamorem convenerunt, Caes. BG. 4, 37, 2: aux cris poussés, ils se rassemblèrent; ad infirmitatem laterum contentionem omnem remiserat, Cic. Br. 202: en raison de la faiblesse de ses poumons, il avait renoncé à tout effort violent; ad quorum stridorem odoremque et aspectum territi equi, Liv. 30, 18, 7: au bruit, à l'odeur et à l'aspect de ces animaux, les chevaux effrayés; obstupuerant ad magnitudinem pristinae ejus fortunae, Liv. 39, 50, 2: ils restaient béants devant la grandeur de son ancienne fortune; ad quorum discessum respiravit Mago, Liv. 28, 30, 2: à leur départ Magon respira II ad auditas voces, Ov. M. 5, 509: entendant ces paroles; ad haec visa auditaque, Liv. 2, 23, 7: à cette vue, à ces paroles; ad crescentem tumultum, Liv. 2, 45, 12: devant le tumulte croissant. [zapst]¶7 [direction vers, réponse à]: cum ad singula acclamaretur, Liv. 34, 37, 3: comme à chaque point énoncé des cris de protestation s'élevaient, cf. 24, 14, 9; est ridiculum ad ea quae habemus nihil dicere, Cic. Arch. 8: c'est une plaisanterie que de ne rien répliquer à des faits dont nous avons la constatation; ad tuam epistolam redditae sunt meae litterae, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 3: en réponse à ta missive on t'a remis ma lettre II [sans verbe]: longum est ad omnia, Cic. Nat. 1, 19: il serait trop long de faire réponse à tout; ad ista alias, Cic. Nat. 2, 1: à une autre fois la réponse à cela; haec fere ad litteras, Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 7: voilà d'une manière générale ma réponse à la lettre; nisi quid ad haec forte vultis, Cic. Lael. 32: à moins que vous ne vouliez par hasard faire qq objection. [zapst]¶8 [idée d'approcher, d'appliquer contre], [d'où sens instrumental]: cornu ad saxa limato, Plin. 8, 71: la corne étant limée aux rochers; ad cribrum, Plin. 16, 54; ad circinum, Vitr. 10, 4, 1; ad tornum, Lucr. 4, 361; ad cotem, Plin. 24, 89, au crible, au compas, au tour, à la pierre à aiguiser [comp. au figuré ad normam]; mucronem ad linguam probare, Petr. 70: éprouver une pointe à la langue II ad digiti sonum vocare aliquem, Tibul. 1, 2, 32: appeler qqn au bruit des doigts ; [enfin, dans la 1. vulg.]: ad pectinem capillum flectere, Spart. Hadr. 2, 6, 1: arranger au peigne sa chevelure; ad fundas lapides jacere, Veg. Mil. 2,15: jeter des pierres à la fronde; ad spongiam... detergere, Veg. Mut. 3, 4, 2: essuyer à l'éponge. [zapst]¶9 [approximation] vers, environ [devant un nom de nombre]: ad hominum milia decem, Caes. BG. 1, 4, 2: environ 10.000 hommes II [emploi adverbial]: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Caes. BG. 2, 32, 5: 4.000 hommes environ ayant été tués.
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    [ABCU]A - ad (arch. ar), prép. avec acc.: (Gaffiot P. 27-29 -- Lebaigue P. 20) [zapI]I [sens local] [zapA]A [idée générale de mouvement, de direction, au pr. et au fig.] [zapst]¶1 vers, à: legatos ad aliquem mittere: envoyer des ambassadeurs à qqn II avec les noms de lieu, ad exprime l'idée d'approche ou bien l'idée d'arrivée; l'idée d'entrée dans le lieu est exprimée par in: ad urbem proficisci, Caes. BC. 1, 32, 1: partir pour la ville [Rome] ; ad urbem venire, Cic. Verr. 2, 167: venir à la ville II avec les noms de villes et de petites îles, ad exprime la direction ou l'arrivée dans les environs: ad Genavam pervenit, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 1: il arriva près de Genève; ad Mutinam proficisci, Cic. Phil. 12, 8: partir pour Modène; dux classium fuit ad ilium, Cic. Div. 1, 87: il [Calchas] dirigea les flottes vers Ilion II [en lang. milit. vers, contre: ad hostes contendere, Caes. BG. 5, 9, 1: marcher contre les ennemis; ad castra pergere, Caes. BG. 3, 18, 8: se porter contre le camp II ad vim atque arma confugere, Cic. Verr. 1, 78: chercher un refuge dans (recourir à) la force et les armes; ad insolitum genus dicendi labi, Cic. Sest. 119: se laisser glisser vers un genre de discours insolite ; [avec ellipse du v.] nunc ad ea quae scripsisti, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2: venons-en maintenant à ce que tu m'as écrit. [zapst]¶2 [idée d'attacher, lier]: ad terram naves deligare, Caes. BG. 4, 29, 2: attacher des vaisseaux au rivage II [idée d'ajouter, annexer]: complecti vis amplissimos vires ad tuum scelus, Cic. Pis. 75: tu veux envelopper dans ton crime les hommes les plus considérables; ad cetera volnera, Cic. Vat. 20: outre les autres blessures, cf. Clu. 30 ; Liv. 7, 16, 2; ad naves viginti quinque, Liv. 23, 38, 7: en plus des 25 navires, cf. 24, 45, 3 ; 25, 3, 7, etc ; ad haec, en outre: Varr. R. 3, 5, 11; Liv. 6, 20, 7, etc ; ou ad hoc, Sall. C. 14, 3 17, 4, etc ; ad id, Liv. 3,62, 1, etc. [zapst]¶3 [idée de diriger, incliner]: ad centuriones ora convertunt, Caes. G. 6, 39, 2: ils tournent leurs visages vers les centurions; omnium mentibus ad pugnam intentis, Caes. G. 3, 26, 2: l'attention de tous étant portée sur le combat; ad aegrotandum proclivitas, Cic. Tusc. 4, 28: tendance (disposition) à la maladie; paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio, Caes. BG. 7,73, 5: la pente allant en se resserrant peu à peu vers le bas [en entonnoir] II ad omne periculum opponitur (consulatus), Cic. Mur. 87: (le consulat) s'expose à tous les dangers; ergo haec ad populum, Cic. Att. 6, 8, 4, donc voilà pour le peuple. II [idée de protection, de defense contre]: ad meos impetus opponitur... Cic. Verr. 5, 2: à mes assauts on oppose. [zapst]¶4 [idée d'adresser par écrit, par la parole, etc.]: ad aliquem omnia in dies singulos persequi, Cic. Att. 15, 26, 1: envoyer à qqn une relation quotidienne de tous les événements; sibi a Lentulo ad Catilinam datas esse (litteras), Cic. Cat. 3, 12: que Lentulus lui avait remis une lettre à l'adresse de Catilina; epistula C. Verris ad Neronem, Cic. Verr. 1, 83: lettre de C. Verrès à Néron II [verbe non exprimé]: tu modo quam saepissime ad me aliquid, Cic. Att. 4, 6, 4: pourvu que tu m'envoies le plus souvent possible quelques lignes; velim scribas ad me primum placeatne tibi aliquid ad illum, Cic. Att. 13, 16, 2: je voudrais que tu m'écrives d'abord, si tu es d'avis que je lui dédie qq ouvrage. [zapst]¶5 [indication de distance, de limite] à, jusqu'à: ex eo oppido pons ad Helvetios pertinet, Caes. BG. 1, 6, 3: de cette ville un pont s'étend jusque chez les Helvètes; usque ad ultimas terras, Cic. Verr. 4, 64: jusqu'aux confins de la terre II [au fig.] ad vivum, Cic. Lael. 18: jusqu'au vif; ad plenum, Virg. G. 2, 244: jusqu'au plein; pecunia ad sanum modum habendi parata, Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5: l'argent acquis jusqu'à un raisonnable degré de possession; non ad perfectum nec ad plenum, Sen. Ep. 71, 18: non pas jusqu'à la perfection ni à la plénitude; si ea mercatus esses ad eam summam quam volueram, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1: si tu avais fait l'achat en te limitant à la somme que je voulais II ad numerum obsides mittere, Caes. BG. 5, 20, 4: envoyer des otages jusqu'au nombre fixé; in eorum locum et ad eorum numerum, Cic. Verr. 5, 73: à leur place et en pareil nombre; equitatus omnis, ad numerum quattuor milium, Caes. BG. 1, 15, 1: toute la cavalerie, à l'effectif de 4.000 hommes; ad certum pondus examinare, Caes. BG. 5, 12, 4: peser jusqu'à un poids déterminé; Tossas ad eandem magnitudinem perficere, Caes. BC. 1, 42, 1: creuser des fossés à la même profondeur II ad verbum unum contracta brevitas, Cic. de Or. 3, 157: brièveté ramassée en un mot unique; numerum ad trecentorum summam explevit, Liv. 2, 1, 10: il compléta le nombre jusqu'à un total de 300 II usque ad novem, Cic. Ac. 2, 94: jusqu'à neuf; omnes ad unum, Cic. Lael. 86: tous jusqu'au dernier, tous sans exception; omnibus navibus ad unam incolumibus, Caes. BC. 3, 6, 3: tous les navires sans exception étant indemnes. [zapA]B [sans idée de mouvement] [zapst]¶1 près de, chez: fuit ad me sane diu, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8: il resta chez moi très longtemps; in servitute ad suum patrem manere, Plaut. Cap 49: rester comme esclave chez son propre père, cf. Ter. Haut. 979 ; Varr. R. 1, 17, 3; Cato. Agr. 7, 2; Liv. 24, 48, 9; Sen. Ep. 108, 4 II ad recuperatores dicere, Cic. Verr. 3, 68: parler devant les récupérateurs; ad judicem Cic. Br. 289: devant le juge; ad populum agere, Cic. Phil. 12, 17: plaider devant le peuple II ad exercitum manere, Caes. BG. 5, 53: rester à l'armée, cf. 7, 5, 3; ad Caesarem primum pilum ducere, Caes. BG. 6, 38, 1: être centurion primipile dans l'armée de César II ad pedes: près des pieds, aux pieds: Cic. Div. 1, 46 ; Sen. Ben. 3, 27, 1, etc. II ad omnes nationes sanctum nomen, Caes. BG. 3, 9, 3: titre sacré auprès de toutes les nations, cf. BG. 4, 16,7 ; 7, 5, 3 ; 21, 60, 4, etc. [zapst]¶2 [proximité d'un lieu] près de: ad urbem esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 21: être près de la ville [Rome]; ad oppidum constitit, Caes. BC. 1, 16, 4: il s'arrêta près de la ville; pons qui erat ad Genavam, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 2: le pont qui était près de Genève. II [en parl. de batailles]: proelium ad Nolam, Cic. Br. 12: bataille de Nola; ad Tenedum, Cic. Mur. 33: de Ténédos; ad Magetobrigam, Caes. BG. 1, 31, 12: à Magetobriga; ad Cannas, Liv. 23, 11, 7, etc. II à, dans [emploi rare]: ad villam ali, Cic. Amer. 44: se nourrir dans la maison de campagne; quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt, Cic. Verr. 4, 4: [statues] qui sont dans le temple du Bonheur [ABCR]II [avec ellipse de aedem]: ad Castoris, Cic. Quinct. 17: près du temple de Castor; senatus ad Apollinis fuit, Cic. Q. 2, 3, 3: le sénat tint séance au temple d'Apollon. II du côté de, vers: pugnatur acriter ad novissimum agmen, Caes. BC. 1, 80, 5: le combat est acharné du côté de l'arrière-garde, cf. BC. 1, 63, 3 ; 2, 42, 5; castris ad eam partem oppidi positis? Caes. BG. 7, 17, 1: le camp ayant été établi de ce côté de la ville; equestribus proeliis ad aquam factis, Caes. BG. 5, 50, 1: des engagements de cavalerie ayant eu lieu près du ruisseau; ad laevam, ad dextram, Cic. Tim. 48: vers la gauche, vers la droite (à g., à dr.); ad pulvinaria, Cic. Cat. 3, 23: [près des coussins] à tous les temples; ad solarium, Cic. Quinct. 59: aux alentours du cadran solaire; ad speculum barbam vellere, Sen. Nat. 1, 17, 2: s'épiler devant un miroir; ad ignem coquere, Cato. Agr. 81: cuire au feu, sur le feu. [zapst]¶3 [adaptation accompagnement]: cantare ad chordarum sonum, Nep. Epam. 2, 1: chanter aux sons d'un instrument à cordes; ad tibicinem, Cic. Agr. 2, 93; Tusc. 1, 3, etc.: avec accompagnement du joueur de flûte II ad lucernam, Sen. Ir. 3, 18, 4: à la lueur d'une lampe, cf. Cic. Q. 3, 7, 2; ad faces, Sen. Brev. 20, 5: à la lueur des torches; ad lunam, Virg, En. 4, 513: à la lumière de la lune; ad clepsydram, Cic. de Or. 3, 138: sous le contrôle de la clepsydre [avec un temps mesuré]. [zapst]¶4 [adhérence]: ad radices linguae haerens, Cic. Nat. 2, 135: fixé à la base de la langue; ad saxa inhaerens, Cic. Nat. 2, 100: attaché aux rochers. [zapst]¶5 [participation à], [au lieu de scribendo adesse, Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5, etc.] ad scribendum esse: être à (participer à) la rédaction d'un sénatus-consulte: Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9 ; Fam. 12, 29, 2. [zapI]II [sens temporel]: [zapst]¶1 jusqu'à: ad summam senectutem, Cic. Br. 179: jusqu'à la plus grande vieillesse; usque ad hanc diem, Cic. Verr. 4, 130; ad hanc diem, Cic. Cat. 3, 17: jusqu'aujourd'hui; ad hoc tempus, Cic. Verr. 3, 216: jusqu'au moment présent; ad multam noctem, Caes. BG. 1, 26, 3: jusqu'à un moment avancé de la nuit; ad nostram memoriam, Nep. Them.10, 3: jusqu'à notre époque; ad reditum nostrum, Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3: jusqu'à notre retour; veteres illi usque ad Socratem, Cic. de Or. 3, 72: ces anciens jusqu'à Socrate. [zapst]¶2 [approximation] vers: ad vesperam, Catul. 2, 6: sur le soir; ad lucem, Cic. Div. 1, 99: vers le point du jour; ad extremam orationem, Caes. BG. 7, 53, 1: sur la fin du discours; ad exitum defensionis tuae, Cic. Verr. 5, 32: (sur) à la fin de ta défense; ad adventum imperatorum, Nep. Att. 10, 2: à l'arrivée des triumvirs, cf. Cic. Att. 2, 17,3; 13, 15, 2. [zapst]¶3 [précision] à: ad diem, Caes. BG. 2, 5, 1: au jour fixé, cf. 7, 77, 10 ; Cic. Off. 3, 45; ad idus, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 6: aux ides; ad tempus: à temps, au moment opportun Cic. Verr. 1, 141; Caes. BG. 4, 23, 5 [mais Fin. 5, 1 et Att. 16, 2, 2, au moment fixé] ; ad extremum, Cic. Or. 174 ; de Or. 1, 142: enfin. [zapst]¶4 [durée limitée, sens voisin de jusqu'à] pour: brevis est et ad tempus, Cic. Off. 1, 27: [passion qui] est courte et pour un temps; bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus, Cic. Lael. 27: les bêtes aiment leur progéniture pour un temps limité; ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 24, 5: élu provisoirement, cf. 21, 25, 14. [zapst]¶5 [avenir] dans: ad annum, Cic. Att 5, 2, 1, [il sera tribun de la plèbe] dans un an, l'année prochaine, cf. de Or. 3, 92; ad decem milia annorum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 90: dans 10.000 ans. [zapI]III [rapports variés]: [zapst]¶1 pour, en vue de [avec les verbes qui signifient exhorter à, pousser à, préparer à, disposer pour; se servir pour; travailler à; envoyer pour, etc. ; avec les adjectifs et, d'une manière générale, les expressions qui marquent le but ; très souvent ad est suivi du gérondif ou de l'adj. verbal]: ad celeritatem onerandi paulo facit humiliores (naves), Caes. BG. 5, 1, 2: en vue de la promptitude du chargement, il fait faire les vaisseaux un peu plus bas; ad omnes casus, Caes. BG. 4, 31, 2, etc.: (en vue de) pour toutes les éventualités; naves factae ad quamvis vim perferendam, Caes. BG. 3, 13, 3: navires faits pour supporter n'importe quelle violence; tu omnia ad pacem; ego omnia ad libertatem, Cic. ad Br. 2, 7, 1: [ellipse du verbe] toi, c'était tout pour la paix; moi, tout pour la liberté; non ad eam rem, sed ut... Cic. Tusc. 49: ce n'est pas dans cette intention, c'est pour que... ; ad hoc, ut + subj. Liv. 28, 39, 7; 45, 39, 8: en vue de, pour que. [zapst]¶2 [marquant le résultat, l'aboutissement]: ex agresti vita exculti ad humanitatem, Cic. Lep. 2, 36: façonnés et amenés d'une vie sauvage à la civilisation; efferavit ea caedes Thebanos ad execrabile odium Romanorum, Liv. 33, 29, 1: ce meurtre déchaîna les Thébains et leur inspira une haine implacable contre les Romains; mutatis repente ad misericordiam animis, Liv. 24, 26, 14: la fureur populaire s'étant changée soudain en compassion II ad necem, Cic. Tusc. 2, 34: [frapper] jusqu'à ce que mort s'ensuive; ad insaniam aliquid concupiscere, Cic. Verr. 2, 87: désirer qqch jusqu'à être fou; nihil intolerabile ad demittendum animum, nimis laetabile ad ecferendum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37: rien qui soit intolérable, au point d'abattre l'âme, qui cause trop de joie, au point de la transporter. [zapst]¶3 relativement à: genus praedandi ad magnitudinem quaestus immensum, Cic. Verr. 5, 22: genre de pillage sans limite quant à la grandeur des profits; ad cetera egregius, Liv. 37, 7, 15: remarquable sous tous les autres rapports II quid id ad rem? Cic. Quinct. 79: quel rapport cela a-t-il avec l'affaire? quid ad praetorem? Cic. Verr. 1, 116: en quoi cela intéresse-t-il le préteur? quid egerit, nihil ad causam, Cic. Sest. 71: ce qu'il a accompli? cela ne regarde pas le procès; ad ea quae scribis... Cic. Att. 11, 21, 1: quant à ce que tu écris... [zapst]¶4 suivant, conformément à, d'après: ad meam rationem usumque non aestimo, Cic. Verr. 4, 13: à consulter mes principes et mon usage personnel, je ne formule pas d'évaluation; versare suam naturam ad tempus, Cic. Cael. 13: modifier son caractère suivant les circonstances; hanc ad legem, Cic. de Or. 3, 190: d'après ces principes; ad naturam, Cic. Fin. 1, 30: conformément à la nature; ad nutum alicujus, Cic. Verr. pr. 13: selon la volonté de qqn; ad perpendiculum, Cic. Verr. 1, 133: suivant la perpendiculaire; ad istorum normam sapiens, Cic. Lael. 18: sage suivant leur (équerre) règle. [zapst]¶5 en comparaison de: terram ad universi caeli complexum quasi puncti instar obtinere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40: que la terre occupe pour ainsi dire l'équivalent d'un point en comparaison de l'étendue qu'embrasse le ciel; sed nihil ad Persium, Cic. de Or. 2, 25, mais ce n'est rien au prix de Persius, cf. Leg. 1, 6. [zapst]¶6 comme suite à, par suite de: ad clamorem convenerunt, Caes. BG. 4, 37, 2: aux cris poussés, ils se rassemblèrent; ad infirmitatem laterum contentionem omnem remiserat, Cic. Br. 202: en raison de la faiblesse de ses poumons, il avait renoncé à tout effort violent; ad quorum stridorem odoremque et aspectum territi equi, Liv. 30, 18, 7: au bruit, à l'odeur et à l'aspect de ces animaux, les chevaux effrayés; obstupuerant ad magnitudinem pristinae ejus fortunae, Liv. 39, 50, 2: ils restaient béants devant la grandeur de son ancienne fortune; ad quorum discessum respiravit Mago, Liv. 28, 30, 2: à leur départ Magon respira II ad auditas voces, Ov. M. 5, 509: entendant ces paroles; ad haec visa auditaque, Liv. 2, 23, 7: à cette vue, à ces paroles; ad crescentem tumultum, Liv. 2, 45, 12: devant le tumulte croissant. [zapst]¶7 [direction vers, réponse à]: cum ad singula acclamaretur, Liv. 34, 37, 3: comme à chaque point énoncé des cris de protestation s'élevaient, cf. 24, 14, 9; est ridiculum ad ea quae habemus nihil dicere, Cic. Arch. 8: c'est une plaisanterie que de ne rien répliquer à des faits dont nous avons la constatation; ad tuam epistolam redditae sunt meae litterae, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 3: en réponse à ta missive on t'a remis ma lettre II [sans verbe]: longum est ad omnia, Cic. Nat. 1, 19: il serait trop long de faire réponse à tout; ad ista alias, Cic. Nat. 2, 1: à une autre fois la réponse à cela; haec fere ad litteras, Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 7: voilà d'une manière générale ma réponse à la lettre; nisi quid ad haec forte vultis, Cic. Lael. 32: à moins que vous ne vouliez par hasard faire qq objection. [zapst]¶8 [idée d'approcher, d'appliquer contre], [d'où sens instrumental]: cornu ad saxa limato, Plin. 8, 71: la corne étant limée aux rochers; ad cribrum, Plin. 16, 54; ad circinum, Vitr. 10, 4, 1; ad tornum, Lucr. 4, 361; ad cotem, Plin. 24, 89, au crible, au compas, au tour, à la pierre à aiguiser [comp. au figuré ad normam]; mucronem ad linguam probare, Petr. 70: éprouver une pointe à la langue II ad digiti sonum vocare aliquem, Tibul. 1, 2, 32: appeler qqn au bruit des doigts ; [enfin, dans la 1. vulg.]: ad pectinem capillum flectere, Spart. Hadr. 2, 6, 1: arranger au peigne sa chevelure; ad fundas lapides jacere, Veg. Mil. 2,15: jeter des pierres à la fronde; ad spongiam... detergere, Veg. Mut. 3, 4, 2: essuyer à l'éponge. [zapst]¶9 [approximation] vers, environ [devant un nom de nombre]: ad hominum milia decem, Caes. BG. 1, 4, 2: environ 10.000 hommes II [emploi adverbial]: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Caes. BG. 2, 32, 5: 4.000 hommes environ ayant été tués.
    * * *
        Ad Messanam venit. Cic. Au pres de la ville de Messine.
    \
        Ad vrbem esse dicebantur olim, qui triumphum sibi decerni vellent, vrbem non ingredientes, ne id ius amitterent. Cic. Attendre au pres de la ville, Loger aux faulxbourgs.
    \
        Ad vrbem esse, pro In vrbe. Cic. En la ville.
    \
        Habes hortos ad Tyberim. Liu. Sur, ou Aupres du Tybre.
    \
        Ad te ibam. Terent. J'alloye à toy.
    \
        Ad me respice. Terent. Vers moy, A moy.
    \
        Ad domum profecti. Cic. Jusques à la maison.
    \
        Ad portam expectare. Cic. pro, In porta. A la porte.
    \
        Ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit. Cic. Avec moy, ou Devers moy.
    \
        Ad inferos poenas paricidii luent. Cic. és enfers.
    \
        Ad iudicem dicere. Cic. Parler devant le juge.
    \
        Famus ad me. Terent. Chez moy, En ma maison, En mon logis.
    \
        Ad me domum. Plaut. Chez moy en ma maison.
    \
        Ad quae tempora te expectem, facias me certiorem velim. Cic. Environ quel temps.
    \
        Ad quod tempus quaeque res facillime crescat. Varro. En quelle saison, Vers, ou Environ quel temps.
    \
        Nihil ad nostram hanc. Terent. Ce n'est rien au pris, ou En comparaison de la nostre.
    \
        Classemve ad Pergama misi. Virg. Contre, A l'encontre.
    \
        Ad, pro intra. Vt tibi Caesar faciendum est ad annum. Ci. Comme il fauldra que tu faces d'ici à un an, ou entre cy et un an.
    \
        Ad decem annos. Cic. D'icy à dix ans.
    \
        Ad nullas preces. Propert. Par, ou Pour prieres qu'on face.
    \
        Ad desyderium relictarum. Liuius. De desir, ou De regret de celles qui estoyent demourees derriere.
    \
        Ad statuam pecuniam contulerunt. Cic. Pour faire une statue.
    \
        Ad vsum hominum omnia creantur. Cic. Pour l'usage des hommes.
    \
        Ad memoriam aliquid notare. Cic. Pour en avoir memoire, Pour memoire.
    \
        Ad iudicem fidem infirmabit. Cic. Devant le juge.
    \
        Ad pedes stare passus. Sueton. Devant ses pieds, à ses pieds.
    \
        Ad haec mala hoc mihi accedit etiam. Ter. Oultre ces ennuyz.
    \
        Ad arbitrium libidinosae mulieris. Cic. Au plaisir, ou Selon.
    \
        Ad arbitrium suum scribere. Cic. Comme bon luy semble, A son plaisir.
    \
        Ad hoc exemplum est. Plaut. Il est semblable à cestuy.
    \
        Ad hunc modum. Plaut. En ceste maniere.
    \
        Ad istam faciem virum quaero. Plaut. Semblable à cestuy.
    \
        Ad morem actionum aliquid persequi. Quint. A la maniere.
    \
        Ad perpendiculum colunnas exigere. Cic. Au plomb, ou Au niveau.
    \
        Ad portionem virium. Plin. Selon la force.
    \
        Ad meum sensum. Cic. A ma fantasie ou advis, Selon, ou Ainsi qu'il me semble.
    \
        Ad praescriptum omnia gerere. Caesar. Selon l'ordonnance d'autruy.
    \
        Ad naturam viuere. Senec. Selon nature.
    \
        Ad similitudinem gymnasiorum exornent mihi in palaestra locum. Cic. Ainsi comme on fait, etc. En la facon.
    \
        Ad rationem loci et temporis. Plin. iunior. Selon le lieu, et le temps.
    \
        Si ii ad numerum non essent. Caelius Ciceroni. Si le nombre n'estoit entier, S'ils n'estoyent autant qu'ils debvoyent estre.
    \
        Ad ornatum, ad speciem magnifico ornatu. Cic. Quant à la beaulté, monstre, ou apparence.
    \
        Ad tria millia. Plaut. Environ trois milles.
    \
        Tendens ad sydera palmas. Virg. Vers, ou Droict au ciel.
    \
        Animaduertit fugam ad se versum fieri. Sallust. Vers luy.
    \
        Ad horam nonam in anchoris expectauit. Caesar. Jusques à neuf heures.
    \
        Ad hanc diem. Cic. Jusques à ce jour, Jusques à present.
    \
        Ad lucem dormire. Cic. Jusques au jour.
    \
        Ad multum diei. Liuius. Jusques à ce qu'il fut grand jour, ou Une grande partie du jour.
    \
        Ad vesperum. Cic. Jusques à vespre, ou Au soir.
    \
        Ad solis occasum. Plaut. Jusques au soleil couchant.
    \
        Ad meum reditum. Cic. Jusques à mon retour.
    \
        Ad centena numero. Plin. Jusques au nombre de cent.
    \
        Ad cinerem ambusti. Plin. Rostis ou bruslez tant qu'ils soyent reduicts en cendre.
    \
        Ad albicandam cutem. Plin. Pour blanchir.
    \
        Ad omnia inutilis. Plin. A toutes choses.
    \
        Ad festos dies eo vti solebat. Cic. Pour les festes, és jours de feste.
    \
        Ad morsus bestiarum. Cic. Contre les morsures des bestes, ou Pour, etc.
    \
        Satis ad obiurgandum causae. Terent. Pour tanser et reprendre.
    \
        Ad viuendum firmus. Plin. Pour vivre et durer long temps.
    \
        Ad agnatos et gentiles deducendus. Varro. Il est fol et hors du sens, Il est insensé.
    \
        Ad aliquem conuenire, pro In aliquem competere. Ci. In quem tu, nullam contumeliam iacere potueris, quae non ad maximam partem ciuium conueniret. Qui ne conveint à la pluspart, etc. Qui ne peust estre dicte de, etc.
    \
        Ad praecipuam altitudinem exeunt vites Cypriae. Plin. Croissent fort haultes.
    \
        Ad aspectum praeclarus. Ci. Fort beau à veoir, à regarder, à l'oeil.
    \
        Ad assem impendium reddere. Pli. Rendre la despense et les frais jusques à la derniere maille, Payer ou rendre tout.
    \
        Ad bonitatem proficere. Plin. Devenir meilleur.
    \
        Ad cibos auiditas. Plin. Appetit de manger.
    \
        Ad cibum purus. Plin. Pour manger.
    \
        Ad currum leones jungere vel equos. Plin. Accoupler, Atteler.
    \
        Ad cyathos stare. Suet. Estre eschanson, ou boutilier, ou sommelier
    \
        Ad dextra, Ad laeua. Plin. A dextre, A senestre.
    \
        Ad dextram manum. A main dextre.
    \
        Ad dexteram. Sub. manum. Terent. A dextre.
    \
        Ad sinistram. Terent. A senestre.
    \
        Ad laeuam. Plaut. A gauche.
    \
        Ad laeuam manum. Plaut. A la main gauche.
    \
        Est ad hanc manum sacellum. Terent. A ceste main, De ce costé.
    \
        Ad diem decedam. Cic. Au jour dict.
    \
        Ad diem dare. Cic. Au terme dict.
    \
        Ad digitos venire. Plin. Estre compté et calculé.
    \
        Ad extremum, Ad postremum, Ad vltimum, Aduerbia sunt modo ordinis, pro Denique vel postremo: modo temporis, pro Tandem. Cic. Finalement, En fin, A la parfin.
    \
        Ad extremum et Ad vltimum. Cic. Liu. Jusques au bout.
    \
        Hastili oblongo et tereti, praeterquam ad extremum. Liu. Sinon, ou fors que au bout.
    \
        Ad fidem affirmare. Li. Asseurer pour vray, Affermer pour verite.
    \
        Ad gratiam esse dicitur res aliqua. Liu. In Quintio noua et recentia omnia ad gratiam erant. Le rendoyent plus aggreable.
    \
        Adhoc et Adhaec, nonnulli dicunt esse ordinis aduerbia, alii pro coniunctionibus accipiunt: et ab aliis coniunctim, ab aliis separatim scribuntur. Sic autem dicuntur quasi praeter hoc, praeter haec. Sallu. Plinius iunior. Liu. D'avantage, Oultre ce, Avec ce.
    \
        Ad teli iactum peruenire. Q. Curt. A un ject de dard pres.
    \
        Ad id, pro Ad illud tempus. Li. Jusques là, Jusques à ceste heure là.
    \
        Ad infinitum. Plin. Infiniement.
    \
        Ad irritum cadit spes. Liu. Quand on est frustré de son esperance.
    \
        Arripi coniuges ad libita Caesarum. Tacitus. Pour les plaisirs et paillardises des Cesars.
    \
        Ad limina custos. Virgil. Portier, Huissier.
    \
        Ad liquidum explorata veritas. Liu. Au cler, Au vray, Clerement.
    \
        Locum ad literam subieci. Quintil. En forme, mot à mot, comme il estoit par escript.
    \
        Ad manum esse. Liu. Prest et à main.
    \
        Quod cuique ad manum venisset. Liu. Tout ce qui leur venoit à main, Tout ce qui s'offroit et presentoit, ce qu'ils rencontroyent ou trouvoyent.
    \
        Ad manus venire. Cic. Jusques à se batre, et s'entr'empoigner.
    \
        Ad manum intueri. Plin. De pres, le tenant en la main.
    \
        Ad manum seruus. Cic. Escrivain, Clerc à escrire, Secretaire.
    \
        Ad matrem pendent pyra. Plin. A l'arbre.
    \
        Ad nasum celeriter venire. Plin. Monter tost au nez, Quand quelque chose est de grand odeur.
    \
        Ad omnia alia. Terent. A toutes autres choses.
    \
        Ad pedes desilire. Caes. Descendre à pied, Se mettre à pied, Mettre pied à terre.
    \
        Ad pedes, idem quod A pedibus, siue Seruus a pedibus. Martial. Laquay.
    \
        Ad pilum vlcera reducere. Plin. Faire venir le poil.
    \
        Ad plenum nouit causam. Asconius. Parfaictement, Entierement.
    \
        Ad planum reducere cicatrices. Plin. Remplir et unir les cicatrices tellement qu'il n'y paroisse point.
    \
        Ad polituram sarcire. Plin. Poliement et proprement.
    \
        Ad portionem. Plin. A, ou Pour, ou Selon la proportion, A l'equipollent, Au fur.
    \
        Ad praesens. Plin. Pour l'heure, Pour le present.
    \
        Ad praesens, pro Tum, de praeterito. Tacit. Pour lors, Pour ceste heure là.
    \
        Ad quid? Cic. Pourquoy? A quelle fin?
    \
        Ad remum dare aliquem. Tranq. Envoyer aux galeres, Faire tirer à l'aviron.
    \
        Ad Seras aliquid petere. Plin. Aller ou envoyer querir quelque chose au pais des, etc. Faire venir du pais, etc.
    \
        Ad summam, et in summa. Cic. Somme toute, A brief parler, Pour abbreger, Pour le faire court.
    \
        Ad summum, Aduerbium qualitatis. Cic. Bis terue ad summum. Pour le plus tost, Tout au plus.
    \
        Cras, ad summum perendie. Cic. Au plus tard, Pour le plus tard.
    \
        Ad tempus consilium capiam. Plancus Ciceroni. Je prendray advis, ou m'adviseray selon le temps.
    \
        Ad tempus aderis. Cic. Tu viendras tout à temps.
    \
        Inuitamentum ad tempus. Cic. Pour un certain temps.
    \
        Ad quoddam tempus. Cic. Pour quelque temps.
    \
        Ad terram dare. Tranq. Jecter par terre.
    \
        Ad tertiam decoquere, et similes locutiones. Plin. Cuire tant, ou Jusques à ce qu'il ne demeure que la tierce partie.
    \
        Ad verbum. Cic. De mot à mot.
    \
        Ad vetustatem fidelis materies. Plin. Bois de longue duree.
    \
        Ad vinum disertus. Cic. Aupres du vin, Quand il a bien beu.
    \
        Ad vinum transire. Plin. Conualescentibus ad vinum transeuntibus. Qui commencent à boire du vin.
    \
        Ad viuum resecare. Columel. Couper jusques au vif, jusques à la chair vive.
    \
        Ad vltimum, pro Ad finem vsque. Liu. Jusques à la fin, Jusques au bout. \ Ad vltimum. Curtius. Finalement.
    \
        Ad vnguem, Id est, exquisita diligentia, atque exactissima cura. Colu. Parfaictement, avec grande diligence, fort bien, quand il n'y a que redire.
    \
        Homo factus ad vnguem. Horat. Homme parfaict, Accompli.
    \
        Castigare ad vnguem: Horat. Parfaictement bien.
    \
        Ad vnum. Cicero, Omnes ad vnum idem sentiunt. Sans en excepter un, Touts generalement, Jusques à un.
    \
        Ad votum. Quintil. A souhait, A mon gré, A mon plaisir, Selon mon desir.
    \
        Ad sonum mergere se solent. Pli. Quand ils oyent le bruit.
    \
        Ad strepitum citharae. Horat. Au son de la harpe.
    \
        Ad tua verba reuixi. Ouid. Quand je t'ay ouy parler.
    \
        Ad tibicinem immolare. Cic. Avoir un menestrier jouant de la fleute tandis qu'on sacrifie.
    \
        Ad eum nuntium. Liu. Ces nouvelles ouyes.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > ad

  • 8 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 9 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

  • 10 per

    [ABCU]A - pĕr, prép. + acc.: [st1]1 [-] à travers, par, tout le long de, devant, par-dessus.    - per membranas oculorum cernere, Cic. Nat. 2, 57, 142: voir à travers les membranes qui entourent les yeux.    - per forum, Cic. Att. 14, 16, 2: à travers le forum.    - per ora vestra, Sall.: devant vos yeux.    - per corpora transire, Caes. BG. 2, 10, 2: passer par-dessus les cadavres.    - per terga caedi: être frappé sur le dos.    - per manus tradere: faire passer de main en main.    - per domos invitati, Liv. 1, 9: invités les uns dans une maison les autres dans une autre, invités dans les différentes maisons.    - per omnes ire, Liv. 25: passer par tous, se transmettre à tous. [st1]2 [-] durant, pendant, au cours de.    - per triennium: pendant trois ans.    - per decem dies: pendant dix jours.    - per singulos dies, Suet.: tous les jours, chaque jour.    - per hospitium, Cic. Verr. 5, 109: au cours d'une hospitalité. [st1]3 [-] par le moyen de, par l'entremise de, par.    - per noctem: à la faveur de la nuit.    - sacra per mulieres confici solent, Cic. Verr. 4, 1, 99: les sacrifices se font d'ordinaire par l'entremise des femmes.    - per litteras petere, Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 2: demander par lettre.    - per iram facere aliquid, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 79: faire qqch sous le coup de la colère.    - per leges licet, Cic.: les lois permettent.    - cum per valetudinem posses, tamen... Cic. Fam. 7: bien que ta santé te le permît, cependant...    - per senatum agere aliquid non posse, Cic. Verr. 4, 61: ne pouvoir obtenir du sénat l'autorisation de faire quelque chose.    - per aetatem non potuisti, Cic. Fam. 12: l'âge ne t'a pas permis de.    - trahantur per me pedibus omnes rei, Cic.: que tous les accusés soient traînés par les pieds avec ma permission.    - per me, per te factum est: il est arrivé par moi, par toi.    - per te factum est quominus pax fieret, Cic.: c'est vous qui avez empêché que la paix ne se fît.    - quominus discessio fieret, per adversarios tuos factum est, Cic. Fam. 1, 4: ce sont vos adversaires qui ont empêché que le vote par séparation n'eût lieu.    - per me stat quominus, Ter. And. 699: j'empêche que.    - non stat per Afranium quominus, Caes.: il ne dépend pas d'Afranius que... (ce n'est pas la faute d'Afranius si...). [st1]4 [-] [idée de manière].    - per summum dedecus vitam amittere, Cic. Amer. 30: mourir dans (avec) le plus grand déshonneur.    - vitam extrema per omnia duco, Virg. En. 3: je traîne ma vie dans les pires épreuves.    - per ludum et neglegentiam, Cic. Verr. 5, 181: en se jouant et insouciamment.    - per ridiculum, Cic. Off. 1, 134: en plaisantant.    - per causam, Caes. BC. 3, 24: sous le prétexte de, ou per speciem, Liv. 1, 41, 6.    - per mollitiam agere = molliter, Sall. J. 85, 35: vivre dans la mollesse.    - per omnia: en tout, entièrement. --- Quint. 5, 2, 3.    - vir per omnia laudabilis, Vell. 2, 33: homme digne de tous les éloges.    - per omnia expertus, Liv. 1, 34: qui a fait pleinement ses preuves. [st1]5 [-] [idée d'occasionner] par suite de, par.    - per imprudentiam vestram, Cic. Agr. 2, 25: par votre imprudence.    - per fidem deceptus sum, Plaut. Most. 500: j'ai été trompé par suite de confiance.    - cf. Caes. BG. 1, 46, 3; Cic. Inv. 1, 71.    - depulsus per invidiam tribunatu, Cic. de Or. 3, 11: chassé du tribunat par suite des cabales envieuses.    - plus per seditionem militum quam bello amissum, Liv. 29, 19, 4: il y a eu plus de pertes par suite de la révolte des soldats que par la guerre. [st1]6 [-] [dans les supplications et serments] au nom de.    - per deos! Cic. Off. 2, 5: au nom des dieux!    - per fortunas vestras, per liberos vestros, Cic. Planc. 103: au nom de vos biens, de vos enfants.    - [séparé de son régime]: per ego te deos oro, Ter. And. 834: au nom des dieux je te prie. --- cf. Liv. 23, 9, 1. [st1]7 [-] remarque.    - per omnia saecula saeculorum, Eccl.: pour les siècles des siècles. [ABCU]B - per-, préfixe: 1 - à travers    - per-currere: parcourir. [st1]2 [-] de bout en bout    - per-fodere: percer d'outre en outre. [st1]3 [-] achèvement de l'action    - per-ficere: faire complètement, achever. [st1]4 [-] valeur superlative    - per-magnus: très grand. [st1]5 [-] intensité de l'action    - per-odisse: haïr violemment. [st1]6 [-] déviation, destruction    - per-ire: périr.    - per-vertere: retourner sens dessus dessous.
    * * *
    [ABCU]A - pĕr, prép. + acc.: [st1]1 [-] à travers, par, tout le long de, devant, par-dessus.    - per membranas oculorum cernere, Cic. Nat. 2, 57, 142: voir à travers les membranes qui entourent les yeux.    - per forum, Cic. Att. 14, 16, 2: à travers le forum.    - per ora vestra, Sall.: devant vos yeux.    - per corpora transire, Caes. BG. 2, 10, 2: passer par-dessus les cadavres.    - per terga caedi: être frappé sur le dos.    - per manus tradere: faire passer de main en main.    - per domos invitati, Liv. 1, 9: invités les uns dans une maison les autres dans une autre, invités dans les différentes maisons.    - per omnes ire, Liv. 25: passer par tous, se transmettre à tous. [st1]2 [-] durant, pendant, au cours de.    - per triennium: pendant trois ans.    - per decem dies: pendant dix jours.    - per singulos dies, Suet.: tous les jours, chaque jour.    - per hospitium, Cic. Verr. 5, 109: au cours d'une hospitalité. [st1]3 [-] par le moyen de, par l'entremise de, par.    - per noctem: à la faveur de la nuit.    - sacra per mulieres confici solent, Cic. Verr. 4, 1, 99: les sacrifices se font d'ordinaire par l'entremise des femmes.    - per litteras petere, Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 2: demander par lettre.    - per iram facere aliquid, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 79: faire qqch sous le coup de la colère.    - per leges licet, Cic.: les lois permettent.    - cum per valetudinem posses, tamen... Cic. Fam. 7: bien que ta santé te le permît, cependant...    - per senatum agere aliquid non posse, Cic. Verr. 4, 61: ne pouvoir obtenir du sénat l'autorisation de faire quelque chose.    - per aetatem non potuisti, Cic. Fam. 12: l'âge ne t'a pas permis de.    - trahantur per me pedibus omnes rei, Cic.: que tous les accusés soient traînés par les pieds avec ma permission.    - per me, per te factum est: il est arrivé par moi, par toi.    - per te factum est quominus pax fieret, Cic.: c'est vous qui avez empêché que la paix ne se fît.    - quominus discessio fieret, per adversarios tuos factum est, Cic. Fam. 1, 4: ce sont vos adversaires qui ont empêché que le vote par séparation n'eût lieu.    - per me stat quominus, Ter. And. 699: j'empêche que.    - non stat per Afranium quominus, Caes.: il ne dépend pas d'Afranius que... (ce n'est pas la faute d'Afranius si...). [st1]4 [-] [idée de manière].    - per summum dedecus vitam amittere, Cic. Amer. 30: mourir dans (avec) le plus grand déshonneur.    - vitam extrema per omnia duco, Virg. En. 3: je traîne ma vie dans les pires épreuves.    - per ludum et neglegentiam, Cic. Verr. 5, 181: en se jouant et insouciamment.    - per ridiculum, Cic. Off. 1, 134: en plaisantant.    - per causam, Caes. BC. 3, 24: sous le prétexte de, ou per speciem, Liv. 1, 41, 6.    - per mollitiam agere = molliter, Sall. J. 85, 35: vivre dans la mollesse.    - per omnia: en tout, entièrement. --- Quint. 5, 2, 3.    - vir per omnia laudabilis, Vell. 2, 33: homme digne de tous les éloges.    - per omnia expertus, Liv. 1, 34: qui a fait pleinement ses preuves. [st1]5 [-] [idée d'occasionner] par suite de, par.    - per imprudentiam vestram, Cic. Agr. 2, 25: par votre imprudence.    - per fidem deceptus sum, Plaut. Most. 500: j'ai été trompé par suite de confiance.    - cf. Caes. BG. 1, 46, 3; Cic. Inv. 1, 71.    - depulsus per invidiam tribunatu, Cic. de Or. 3, 11: chassé du tribunat par suite des cabales envieuses.    - plus per seditionem militum quam bello amissum, Liv. 29, 19, 4: il y a eu plus de pertes par suite de la révolte des soldats que par la guerre. [st1]6 [-] [dans les supplications et serments] au nom de.    - per deos! Cic. Off. 2, 5: au nom des dieux!    - per fortunas vestras, per liberos vestros, Cic. Planc. 103: au nom de vos biens, de vos enfants.    - [séparé de son régime]: per ego te deos oro, Ter. And. 834: au nom des dieux je te prie. --- cf. Liv. 23, 9, 1. [st1]7 [-] remarque.    - per omnia saecula saeculorum, Eccl.: pour les siècles des siècles. [ABCU]B - per-, préfixe: 1 - à travers    - per-currere: parcourir. [st1]2 [-] de bout en bout    - per-fodere: percer d'outre en outre. [st1]3 [-] achèvement de l'action    - per-ficere: faire complètement, achever. [st1]4 [-] valeur superlative    - per-magnus: très grand. [st1]5 [-] intensité de l'action    - per-odisse: haïr violemment. [st1]6 [-] déviation, destruction    - per-ire: périr.    - per-vertere: retourner sens dessus dessous.
    * * *
        Per, Praepositio accusatiuo iungitur. Terentius, Falli per seruum senem. Par.
    \
        Per cornu aliquid infundere. Colum. Par dedens une corne.
    \
        Per adoptionem pater. Plin. iunior. Qui m'a adopté en filz.
    \
        Per aetatem posse. Terent. Estre en aage de povoir faire quelque chose.
    \
        Per aetatem non posse. Cic. Estre trop jeune pour povoir faire quelque chose.
    \
        Per multas aetates fuerunt antistites sacri eius ab Euandro edocti. Liu. Long temps durant.
    \
        Per annonam iam caram natus. Plaut. Du temps de la cherté.
    \
        Per eos dies. Cic. Durant ces jours là.
    \
        Aliquot iam per annos concepta turpitudo. Cicero. Il y a aucuns ans.
    \
        Per causam. Liu. Soubz couleur de faire quelque chose, Faisant semblant, etc.
    \
        Per cinerem alicuius mortui aliquem obsecrare. Cic. Pour l'amour d'un trespassé.
    \
        Per comitatem omnia disperdidit. Plautus. Par estre trop doulx et gratieulx.
    \
        Per compita supplicatum. Liu. Par les carrefours.
    \
        Quos seruare per compositionem volebat. Cic. Par composition.
    \
        Per summum dedecus vitam amittere. Cic. Avec grand deshonneur.
    \
        Per deos, per dextram, per fortunas, per fidem, per homines, Modus deprecandi elegantissimus. Terent. Je te prie pour l'amour de Dieu, Pour l'honneur de Dieu.
    \
        Per deridiculum verba dare alicui. Plaut. En ce mocquant de luy.
    \
        Per dilationes. Liu. Par delais, En delayant.
    \
        Per directum. Plin. A droict fil.
    \
        Per dolum. Hirtius. Par tromperie.
    \
        Per fas, et fidem deceptus. Liu. Trompé à la bonne foy, et soubz couleur de religion et preud'hommie.
    \
        Per gratiam abire. Plaut. Avec la bonne grace d'aucun, sans qu'il en soit mal content.
    \
        Per gratiam absoluere. Cic. Par faveur.
    \
        Per ignauiam in praelio sonum tubae ferre non potes. Author ad Herennium. Par ta couardise et lascheté, Tant tu es couard.
    \
        Per me licet. Plaut. J'en suis content, Je n'empesche point.
    \
        Per illos licet. Plaut. Ils en sont contents.
    \
        Per infrequentiam. Liu. Pource qu'ils estoyent trop petit nombre, ou trop petite compagnie.
    \
        Per iniuriam. Cic. A tort et par force, Contre droict et raison.
    \
        Per summam iniuriam, Per summum dedecus. Cic. Avec grand deshonneur.
    \
        Per insidias. Cic. Par trahison.
    \
        Per interualla. Plin. Par intervalles.
    \
        Per iram et leuitatem. Liu. Par courroux.
    \
        Per leges id fieri non potuit. Quintil. Les loix ne permettoyent point de faire cela.
    \
        Caesar mihi ignoscit per literas. Cic. Cesar m'escript qu'il me pardonne.
    \
        Per ludum et iocum. Cic. En jouant, Par esbat, Par jeu.
    \
        Per ludum et negligentiam peruenire ad honores. Cic. Parvenir à degrez d'honneur sans peine et en se jouant.
    \
        Per manus prouinciam alteri tradere. Cic. De main en main.
    \
        Per maturitatem dehiscens. Plin. De force d'estre meur.
    \
        Per me nulla est mora. Terent. Il ne tient pas à moy.
    \
        Per me percontatus sum, sineque indice aliquo. Plautus. De moymesme.
    \
        Per medios ruit. Virgil. Il se jecte tout au milieu d'eulx.
    \
        Per membranas oculorum vt cerni posset, fecit eas perlucidas natura. Cic. Au travers des, etc.
    \
        Dirae noctes per metum vigilabantur. Plinius iunior. De paour qu'ils avoyent.
    \
        Per momenta. Plin. iunior. Par fois.
    \
        Per naturam fas est, aut per leges licet. Cicero. Nature le permet.
    \
        Per nebulam aliquid scire. Plaut. Scavoir quelque chose à demi, non point certainement et clairement.
    \
        Rem nisi per necessitatem aperiri noluerat. Liu. S'il n'estoit necessité, Si necessité ne contraignoit.
    \
        Per vltimam necessitatem. Liu. Par le moyen de l'extreme necessité.
    \
        Per noctem cernuntur sidera. Plin. De nuict, ou Par nuict.
    \
        Per nos. Plin. iunior. De par nous.
    \
        Per nos quidem hercle egebit, qui suum prodegerit. Plaut. Quant est de nous, il aura de la necessité: car nous ne luy baillerons rien.
    \
        Per occasionem. Liu. L'occasion s'y offrant.
    \
        Subuertere aliquem per occultum. Tacit. Occultement.
    \
        Druso propinquanti, quasi per officium obuiae fuere legiones. Tacit. Soubz couleur et semblant de faire leur debvoir.
    \
        Per omnia. Columel. En tout et par tout.
    \
        Per omnes dies. Plin. De jour en jour, Touts les jours.
    \
        Per ordinem fungi honoribus. Plin. iunior. Par ordre.
    \
        Per otium. Liu. Tout à loisir.
    \
        Obsecro vt per pacem liceat te alloqui. Plautus. En paix, Sans courroux.
    \
        Per partes emendare. Plin. iunior. Par parties.
    \
        Per potestatem auferre aliquid alicui. Cic. Soubz ombre de l'authorité de son office.
    \
        Per quod effectum est vt te consulerem. Plin. iunior. Dont est advenu.
    \
        Ita illud sacerdotium per hanc rationem Theomnasto datur. Cic. Par ce moyen, En ceste maniere.
    \
        Per ridiculum. Plaut. En se mocquant.
    \
        Per se. Cic. Par son moyen.
    \
        Amicitia per se et propter se expetita. Cic. Pour l'amour d'elle mesme.
    \
        Furnium per se vidi libentissime. Cic. Pour l'amour de luymesme.
    \
        Per se aliquid posse. Caesar. De soymesme.
    \
        Per se sibi quisque charus est. Cic. De sa nature.
    \
        Per se solus exercebat. Liu. Luy tout seul, Sans aide.
    \
        Per silentium adesse aequo animo. Terent. Escouter sans dire mot.
    \
        Per silentium eo deducti. Liu. Coyement, Sans faire bruit.
    \
        Per speciem venandi, vrbe egressi. Liu. Faisants semblant d'aller à la chasse, Soubz ombre d'aller chasser.
    \
        Per stadia duo. Plin. Le long de deux stades.
    \
        Per te stetit quominus hae fierent nuptiae. Terent. Il a tenu à toy.
    \
        Per tempus. Plaut. Tout à poinct, Tout à temps.
    \
        Per tempus salices legere. Cato. En temps et saison.
    \
        Per omne tempus quo fuimus vna. Plin. iunior. Tout le temps qu'avons esté ensemble.
    \
        Per id tempus. Liu. Ce temps pendant.
    \
        Per ista tempora. Cic. Durant ce temps.
    \
        Per triennium. Cic. Trois ans durants, Par l'espace de trois ans.
    \
        Per triumphum. Cic. Parmi l'appareil de triumphe.
    \
        Per Ver. Plin. Par le printemps, Au printemps.
    \
        Per viam. Plaut. En chemin.
    \
        Per vices. Plin. iunior. Chascun sa fois, Par tournees.
    \
        Per vices annorum. Plin. Chascun son annee.
    \
        Per vim. Cic. Par force et violence.
    \
        Per vinum, exortum dissidium. Plaut. Par trop boire.
    \
        Per visum. Cic. En vision d'esprit.
    \
        Si per vos vitam et famam potest obtinere. Cic. De par vous, De vostre grace, Par vostre moyen.
    \
        Per. Entredeux. Virgil. Via secta per ambas.
    \
        Fructus per folia solibus coctus praedulci sapore. Plin. Au travers des fueilles.
    \
        Per enim magni aestimo tibi factum nostrum probari. Cic. J'estime beaucoup, et prise fort, etc.
    \
        Per mihi mirum visum est Scaeuola, te hoc illi concedere, etc. Cic. Je me suis fort esmerveillé, etc.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > per

  • 11 corrumpo

    cor-rumpo, rūpī, ruptum, ere (con u. rumpo), I) der Existenz nach verderben, zuschanden machen, bis zur Unbrauchbarkeit beschädigen, zunichte machen, vernichten, a) mater. Objj.: α) übh.: sua frumenta c. aedificiaque incendere, Caes.: c. alimenta, Curt. – m. Ang. wodurch? womit? reliquum frumentum flumine atque incendio, Caes.: vineas igni et lapidibus, Sall.: coria igni ac lapidibus, Caes.: illa (aurum atque argentum) et domum et semet igni, Sall.: se suosque cum omnibus copiis suis ferro et igni, Flor.: alia opera disicere, alia igni c., Liv. (u. so oft c. igni, s. Fabri Sall. Iug. 76, 7. Duker Flor. 2, 6, 6). – v. lebl. Subjj., pituitae cursus acerrimus sequitur exulceratisque vehementer oculis aciem quoque ipsam corrumpit, Cels.: corrumpente (frumentum) umore, Plin. – β) das Vermögen zugrunde richten, ruinieren, res familiares, Sall.: saevius aut lenius agendo rem domini, Col.

    b) Zustände usw., etwas verderben, zunichte machen = untergraben, zuschanden machen, vereiteln, verscherzen, verspielen, sich od. jmd. um etw. bringen, gratiam (die Gunst), Phaedr.: dei beneficia, Sen.: fidem artis (den Glauben an die Kunst), Tac.: corrupta totiens victoria, Tac.: c. libertatem, Tac.: ob rem corruptam domi poenas metuere, Sall.: se suasque spes c., Sall. – mit Ang. wem? durch Dat., ille mihi hodie corrupit diem, Plaut. – m. Ang. wodurch? womit? durch Abl., tot meritorum gratiam (den Dank für so viele V.) maiore culpā, quam causa culpae est, Liv.: dubitando et prolatando magnas opportunitates, Sall.: his factis magnifice gestarum rerum gloriam, Val. Max.: multo dolore corrupta voluptas, ein zunichte gemachtes, zu Wasser gewordenes, Hor.: quodcumque addebatur subsidio, id corruptum timore fugientium, wurde vereitelt, Caes.

    II) seiner guten Beschaffenheit nach zum Schlechtern verändern, verderben, verschlechtern, verfälschen, verhunzen, herunterbringen, im Passiv corrumpi = verderben (intr.), in Verderbnis übergehen, herunterkommen, a) physisch: α) übh.: pabulum et aquarum fontes, Sall.: vinum, oleum ceterasque res, quae ad victum parari solent, Auct. b. Afr.: Aeschinus odiose cessat; prandium corrumpitur, Ter.: assa caro danda est et valens, quae non facile corrumpitur, Cels.: conclusa aqua facile corrumpitur, Cic. – von lebl. Subjj., morbo caeli coorta tempestas corrupit lacus, verpestete, Verg.: aqua amara, quae corrumpit dulcem, Curt.: hoc medicamentum stomachum non corrumpit, Scrib. – mit Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., nec casiā liquidi corrumpitur usus olivi, Verg.: Ceres corrupta undis, Verg.: animadvertit rura neglegentiā villici corrupta et perdita, Val. Max.: vino forma perit, vino corrumpitur aetas, Prop. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., umor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus, Tac. Germ. 23, 1: vinum in acorem corrumpitur, Macr. sat. 7, 12, 11. – β) den Körper und dessen Teile verderben, zuschanden machen, entstellen, bei Angabe wodurch? womit? m. Abl., ne plora; oculos corrumpis tales, Plaut.: quid fles et madidos lacrimis corrumpis ocellos, Ov.: teneros c. febribus artus, Ov.: dentibus ungues, zernagen, zerbeißen, Prop.: forma ne illā quidem sorte corrupta, Curt.: corpus exanimum nulla tabe, ne minimo quidem livore corruptum, Curt. – u. leb. Wesen, den Kräften nach herunterbringen, abmergeln, im Passiv = herunterkommen, abfallen, corrumpi equos in insula inclusos, Liv.; vgl. corrupti equi macie, Caes.: quia corruptos nuper viderat boves, Phaedr.

    b) dem Laute, der Aussprache nach verderben, verhunzen, verdrehen, entstellen, Chloris eram, quae Flora vocor; corrupta Latino nominis est nostri littera Graeca sono, Ov. – nomen eorum paulatim Libyes corrupere, barbarā linguā Mauros pro Medis appellantes, Sall.: videri potest (Nilus) non alio nomine appellari, sed a barbaro ore corruptus, Mela. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., os in peregrinum sonum corruptum, Quint.: littera continuata cum insequente in naturam eius corrumpitur, Quint.

    c) dem Sinne, Inhalte nach verderben, verfäl schen, entstellen, interpolieren, Schriften, Urkunden, c. litteras od. tabulas publicas, Cic.: u. so bl. c. litteras (Urkunden), Cic. – u. m. Ang. womit? durch Abl., tabulas publicas municipii manu suā c., Cic.: actorum eiusdem (Caesaris) insertis falsis regnis civitatibusque corrupti commentarii, Vell. – u. die Rede (Ggstz. ornare), totidem generibus corrumpitur oratio, quot ornatur, Quint. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., corruptae in adulationem causae, zur Schmeichelei entstellte Gründe, Tac. – von lebl. Subjj., illa temeraria laudatrix, fama popularis, simulatione honestatis formam eius (gloriae) pulchritudinemque corrumpit, entstellt, gibt ein Zerrbild (eine Karikatur) von usw., Cic. Tusc. 3, 4.

    d) moralisch verderben, teils Zustände u. dgl., entweihen, entehren, herabwürdigen, schänden, zerrütten (Ggstz. corrigere), mores civitatis, Nep. u. (Ggstz. corrigere) Cic.; vgl. corrumpi mores (puerorum) in scholis, Quint.: c. disciplinam castrorum od. bl. disciplinam (Mannszucht), Plin. pan. u. Tac.: huius urbis iura et exempla corrumpere domesticāque immanitate nostrae civitatis humanitatem inquinare, Cic.: c. acceptam nobilitatem, Sall.: cubicula principum feminarum, Tac. – non est opus fide, quam neque cupiditas corrumpat, nec gratia avertat, nec metus frangat? Quint.: me non ullae poterunt corrumpere taedae, keine andere Liebesflamme wird mich entweihen, Prop. – m. Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., humilibus per omnes tribus divisis forum et campum c., Liv.: inter tanta vitia aetas (meine schwache Jugend) ambitione corrupta tenebatur, Sall.: corrupti mores depravatique sunt admiratione divitiarum, Cic.: longā consuetudine corruptos depravatosque mores principatus reformare et corrigere, Plin. pan. – mit Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., omnium partium decus in mercedem corruptum erat, Sall. hist. fr. 1, 13 D. u. Kr.: non corrumpi ea in deterius, quae aliquando a malis fiunt, Plin. ep. 5, 3, 6. – teils Personen u. dgl. = verderben, corrumpere iuventutem (zB. von Sokrates), Quint.: tu illum corrumpi sinis, Ter.: non se luxu (luxui) neque inertiae corrumpendum dare, Sall.: u. v. lebl. Subjj., ne otium corrumperet militem, Vell.: milites soluto imperio licentia atque lascivia corruperat, Sall.: invidia vulgi vanum ingenium dictatoris corrupit, Liv.: haec (natura, natürlicher Gang) Curionem, haec Hortensii filium, non patrum culpa, corrupit, Cic.: quae manus obscenas depinxit prima tabellas, illa puellarum ingenuos corrupit ocellos, hat vergiftet den Blick, Prop. – m. Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., c. alqm pecuniā (vgl. unten no. α), Cic.: c. exercitum largiendo, Quint.: populus largitione magistratuum corruptus est, Nep.: corrumpi felicitate, vom Glücke verdorben (verwöhnt) werden, Ps. Quint. decl.: corruptus largitionibus animus, Cic.: postquam luxu atque desidiā civitas corrupta est, Sall.: genus hominum ad honestatem natum malo cultu pravisque opinionibus corruptum, Cic.: iudicia corrupta et contaminata paucorum vitio ac turpitudine, Cic.

    Insbes.: α) durch irgend ein Mittel zu einer unrechten Handlung verführen, verleiten, durch Geld usw. = bestechen, corrumpere et corrumpi (sich verführen lassen), Tac.: erilem filium, Plaut.: adulescentulus corruptus, Cic. – c. sacerdotes fani, Nep.: oraculum Delphicum, Nep.: scribae servum, Plin. ep.: iudicem, Cic.: nutricis fidem, Ov. – gew. m. Ang. wodurch? womit? durch Abl., c. alqm pecuniā, Sall.: alqm auro, Sall.: alqm donis, Sall.: tribum turpi largitione, Cic.: corrumpi regiā mercede, Val. Max.: ne pretio quidem corrumpi iudex in eiusmodi causa potest, Cic.: sibi quisque opes aut patrimonia quaerendo consilium publicum corruperunt, haben die öffentliche Meinung irregeleitet, Sall. fr.: addidi alios (elegos), facilitate corruptus, verführt, verleitet, Plin. ep. – m. Ang. durch wen (wessen Vermittelung)? durch per u. Akk., u. m. Ang. vermittelst wessen? durch Abl., tu doce, per quem sequestrem, quo divisore tribus corrupta sit, Cic. – m. Ang. wozu? durch ad od. in m. Akk., alqm ad scelus, Tac.: alqm ad societatem, Tac.: alqm in spem rapinarum, Tac. – m. Ang. in welcher Absicht? durch ut u. Konj., centuriones ducesque turmarum, uti transfugerent, c., Sall.: Sp. Tarpeii filiam auro c., ut armatos in arcem accipiat, Liv.: u. so pretio corruptus fuerat, ut etc., Val. Max. – β) zur Unzucht verführen, entehren, schänden, mulierem, Ter.: puerum praetextatum et ingenuam virginem, Val. Max.: plurimas et illustres feminas, Suet.: fratris filiam, Suet.: uxorem quondam magni Minois, ut aiunt, corrupit torvi candida forma bovis, Prop. – / Parag. Infin. corrumpier, Lucr. 6, 18.

    lateinisch-deutsches > corrumpo

  • 12 medius

    medius, a, um (altind. mádhya-h, griech. μέσσος, μέσος, gotisch midjis, ahd. mitti = nhd. mitten), I) der mittlere, mittelste, der in der Mitte befindliche, -gelegene, u. partitiv, mitten an, auf, in usw., in der Mitte von u. dgl. (Ggstz. summus u. infimus oder imus, od. primus u. extremus, postremus, od. oriens u. cadens u. dgl.), A) eig.: 1) v. Raume: a) im allg.: in triclinio medio... in summo... in imo, Sall. fr.: versus aeque prima et media et extrema pars extenditur, Cic. – unguis, Iuven.: digitus, Quint. (ders. bl. medius, Gromat. vet. 371, 26). – v. Pers., mediam locavit, gab ihr den mittleren Platz, Verg. – medius mundi od. terrae locus, Mittelpunkt, Cic. – mit Genet. partit., eligere locum earum regionum medium, Caes.: ut aliquem locum medium utriusque colloquio diceret, Caes. – v. Pers., medius omnium rex erat, Liv. – m. Abl. der Entfernung, Megara media Corintho Athenisque urbs, Vell.: si medius Polluce et Castore ponar, Ov. – m. inter u. Akk., media inter utraque (sc. Africam et Galliam), von Hispanien, Iustin.: (populus) Romanus medius inter Latium et Tuscos quasi in quodam bivio collocatus, Flor.: v. Pers., rapite sublimem foras; facite inter terram et caelum ut medius sit, Plaut. – u. dafür poet. mit dopp. Genet., medium caeli terraeque per aëra vecta est, Ov.: qui locus est iuguli medius summique lacerti, Ov. – m. ex u. Abl., v. Pers., ne medius ex tribus (auf dem Speisesofa) Iugurtha foret, Sall. – mit dem Nbbgr. des Trennenden, quā (wo) medius liquor secernit Europen ab Afro, Hor.

    b) partitiv = mitten, in der Mitte, α) übh.: telam medium accensum mittere, Liv. – per media hostium tela, mitten durch die G., Liv.: medios in hostes, mitten in usw., Sall.: arida loca medii itineris, in der Mitte des Wegs, Iustin. – in medio foro, mitten auf usw., Cic.: in medio colle, Caes. – medio oppido fluere, in der Mitte der Stadt (deshalb noch nicht gerade im Mittelpunkte), Liv.: ponere in media via, Phaedr.: via... medio est altissima caelo, Ov. – a medio spatio, Caes.: ex medio monte, Sall.: ex medio itinere, Caes. – übtr. auf die Pers. (s. die Auslgg. zu Verg. georg. 4, 436; Aen. 7, 169), considit scopulo medius, mitten auf dem Felsen, Verg.: in ferarum concilio medius sedebat, Ov. – medium alqm arripere, Ter., od. complecti, in der Mitte, um den Leib, Ter. u. Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 23, 9, 9). – β) ex media alqa re, v. dem, was mitten aus etw. herausgenommen so recht eigentlich dazu gehört, alteri sunt e mediis Caesaris partibus, Cic.: hoc e medio est iure civili, Cic.; vgl. Fabri Sall. orat. Licin. 8. Beier Cic. de off. 1, 63.

    c) subst., medium, iī, n., die Mitte, aa) der mittlere-, innere Raum, der Mittelpunkt, utrique imperatores in medium exeunt (treten in die Mitte vor); extra turbam ordinum colloquuntur simul, Plaut.: in medio aedium od. bl. medio aedium, Liv.: medio Capitolini montis, Tac.: poet. mit dopp. Genet., nocte volat medio caeli terraeque, zwischen Himmel und Erde, Verg. – v. Mittelpunkte, medium ferire, Cic.: in medium caestus proicere, Verg.: in medium vergere, Cic.: id autem medium infimum in sphaera est, Cic.: vom Mitteltreffen, Zentrum des Heeres, in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis, saepe in medio adesse, Sall.: auxilia regum pro cornibus, medio sextam legionem constituit, Tac. – Insbes.: α) als Punkt, wohin alle ihr Gepäck usw. werfen, in medium oder (selten) in medio conicere sarcinas, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 10, 36, 1); – od. um den sich alle scharen, alqm in medium accipere, in ihre Mitte nehmen (um ihn zu decken, zu schützen), Liv. (s. Drak. u. Fabri Liv. 21, 46, 9); – od. auf den man feindlich von allen Seiten losgeht, utrimque hostem invehi nuntiatur. Diu in medio caesi milites, wurden die in die Mitte genommenen niedergehauen, Liv. – β) als Punkt, wo etwas als Kampfpreis so niedergelegt wird, daß jeder Preisbewerber es sehen und dazu gelangen kann, in medio palma est posita, jeder kann den Preis erringen, Ter. – ebenso als Gewinn für die Spielenden, in singulos talos singulos denarios in medium conferebat (setzte), quos tollebat universos, qui etc., Suet. – od. als Gemeingut, gemeinschaftliche Kasse usw., an dem alle teilhaben, das allen zu Gebote steht, zuteil werden kann, zugänglich ist, nach dem alle zulangen können, bona interfectorum in medium cedant, mögen Gemeingut werden, Tac.: in medium quaerere, zu gemeinschaftlichem Gebrauche, Verg.: discenda in medium dare, allgemein zugänglich machen, zum besten geben, Ov.: obscenas voluptates faciles, communes, in medio sitas dicunt, seien leicht erreichbar, jedermann zugänglich, könnten allen zuteil werden, Cic.: u. so laus in medio sita, Tac. dial.: velut in medio posita, als Gemeingut, wovon jeder nehmen könne, Curt.: u. so in medio posita, das allen zu Gebote Stehende, an der Hand Liegende, Hor.: u. ubi in medio praeda administrantibus esset, die nur zugreifen dürften, um die Beute an sich zu reißen, Liv. – u. so in medium afferre communes utilitates, Cic.: in m. conferre laudes, jeder für alle Ruhm erwerben (Ggstz. ex communi ad se trahere), Liv.: in medium referre ad vacuas aures, Ov.: in medium consulere, fürs Gemeinwohl, allgemeine Beste, Ter., Liv. u.a. (s. Ruhnken Ter. Andr. 3, 3, 16 u. die Auslgg. zu Liv. 24, 22, 15). – u. bei den Juristen als »Gesamtmasse« eines gemeinschaftlichen Vermögens, »Erbmasse« u. dgl., in medium conferre, ICt.: in medium venire, in die Masse fließen, ICt.: e medio deducere, ICt.: ex medio sumere, ferre, ICt. – γ) als Punkt, wo, umgeben vom Volke, vor Gericht die Parteien, Zeugen (zur Vernehmung) stehen, die Akten u. dgl. zur Einsicht vorliegen, mater virginis est in medio (ist da, frage sie), ipsa virgo, res ipsa; hic Geta praeterea, Ter.: veniant in m., mögen öffentlich (vor Gericht) auftreten, Cic.: tabulae sunt in medio, liegen (zu jedermanns Einsicht) vor, Cic.: removere e medio litteras, beiseite schaffen, Cic. – dah. v. strittigen Gegenständen, rem in medium vocare, vor ihr Gericht ziehen, Cic.: et regni crimen in medio (erit), wird vorliegen, Liv.: ego vero, si (regni crimen) in medio ponitur (in Frage gestellt wird, wem die Schuld beizulegen sei), non agnosco, Liv.: alqd in medio relinquere, unentschieden lassen, Cic.: ebenso (wie το μέσον θειναι) in medium relinquere, Claud. Quadrig. fr. u. Tac. – u. übtr. v. Auftreten der Parteien, prima veniat in medium Epicuri ratio, zuerst möge auftreten, Cic. – δ) als freier Raum, freie Straße, wo sich das Publikum einfindet, die Öffentlichkeit, ubi tabernis apertis omnia in medio vidit, alles (alle Waren) auf offener Straße ausgelegt sieht, Liv. – in medium procedere, öffentlich erscheinen, auftreten, Plaut.; übtr., loci in medium procedent, werden sich gleichs. deinem Blicke darbieten, Cic. – de medio recedere, aus dem Wege-, beiseite gehen, Raum geben, Cic. – aber e medio excedere, sich (aus der großen Welt) zurückziehen, Ter.: dass. secedere seque e medio amovere, Suet.: u. e medio discedere, sich verbergen, Suet.: emphat., e medio excedere od. abire, aus der Welt gehen, sterben, Ter.: u. alqm tollere de medio, aus dem Wege räumen, ermorden, Cic. – hoc deliberantium genus pellatur e medio, fort mit usw., Cic. – rem in medium proferre, etwas davon verlauten lassen, Cic. – in medium conferre, der Öffentlichkeit übergeben, Liv.: in medium vacuas referre ad aures, allgemein zum besten geben, Ov.: in medium dare, der Öffentlichkeit übergeben, verraten, Lucr.: aber omnia in medium dare discenda, alles zum Lernen darbieten, seinen Schülern zum besten geben, Ov.: dah. e medio = aus dem großen Publikum, ex medio res arcessit comoedia, Hor.: verba e medio, Ov.: vollst., verba e medio sumpta, Quint.: u. bl. e medio sumpta, Hor. u. Amm.: verba iacentia tollere e medio, Cic. – u. dah.: ε) in medio = sub divo, unter freiem Himmel, im Freien, Pallad. 1, 35, 12. – bb) der mittlere Teil, ovi medium, der Dotter, Apic. 9, 416.

    2) v. der Zeit: a) die mittlere, die dazwischenliegende = verflossene, α) übh.: ultimi temporis recordatione, proximi memoriā medium illud tristissimum tempus... ex animo excĭdere, Cic.: longa fuit medii mora temporis, der Zwischenzeit, Ov.: u. so oft m. tempus, Ov. u. Suet.: unum quasi comperendinatus medium diem fuisse, noch einen Tag Frist dazwischen hatte, Cic. – medio tempore, in der Zwischenzeit, mittlerweile, Suet. u. Iustin.: so medio temporis spatio, Suet.: mediis diebus, in den Zwischentagen, Liv.: mediis horis, Eutr. – poet. u. nachaug., medium esse = intercedere, dazwischensein, -fallen, -verfließen, mit folg. et, zB. mediumque fuit breve tempus, et orsa est Leucothoë, Ov.: exiguum temporis medium, et etc., Plin. ep.: una dies m. est, et etc., Ov.. una nox m. erat, et etc., Prop. – β) insbes. v. Alter, das mittlere, m. aetas (Ggstz. aetas primae iuventae u. senectus, od. puer u. iuvenis), Plaut., Cic., Colum. u. o.: constans aetas, quae media dicitur, Cic.: v. Lebl., Falernum (vinum) nec in novitate, nec in nimia vetustate corpori salubre est. Media eius aetas a quindecimo anno incipit, Plin. – übtr. auf die Pers. od. Sache, in den mittleren Jahren stehend, uxor, Plaut.: quemcumque vis occupa, adulescentem, senem, medium, Sen.: Aeglen maximam natu appellavit, mediam Euphrosynen, tertiam Thalian, Sen.: v. Lebl., vinum novum, vetus, medium (weder zu jung, noch zu alt), Varro fr.

    b) partitiv, mitten in usw., in der Mitte, Mitt-, α) übh. v. Tage, aestas erat mediusque dies, die Zeit um Mittag, Ov.: in medios dormire dies, mitten in den T. hinein, Hor.: de medio potare die, vom hellen Mittag an, Hor.: medio die (Ggstz. ortu obituque), Ov.: u. übtr., m. dies, Mittag = Süden, stabula ad medium conversa diem, Verg.: occidens Zephyros, Austros medius dies mittit, Apul.; vgl. media ab regione diei, Lucr. – v. der Nacht, mediā nocte, Suet.: ad mediam noctem, Suet. – v. den Jahreszeiten, medium erat tempus sementis, es war mitten in der Zeit der Aussaat, Flor.: extremā hieme... ineunte vere... mediā aestate, Cic.: aestu medio, aestibus mediis, frigoribus mediis, Verg. – übtr., v. der Pers., duorum fratrum aetatibus medius interiectus, dem Alter nach mitten zwischen den beiden Br. stehend, Cic.: in mediis (illis), mitten unter ihnen, Verg. – β) von dem, was mitten im Gange ist, mitten in od. auf usw., medium iam classe tenebat iter, war im vollen Laufe, Verg.: in honore deûm medio, Verg.: medio sermone, Verg.: in media pace, Sen. de ira 2, 2, 6; ep. 18, 6 u. 91, 5. Curt. 8, 10 (36), 17.

    c) subst., medium, iī, n., die Mitte, die mittlere Zeit, iam diei medium erat, Liv.: noctis erat medium, Ov.: per medium diei, Tac.: medio diei, Tac. (s. Heräus Tac. hist. 1, 62, 7): medio noctis, Iustin.: medio temporis, in der Zwischenzeit, mittlerweile (διὰ μέσον), Tac.: so auch in medium, mittlerweile, indessen, Apic. 3, 63. – nec longum in medio tempus, cum etc., kurze Zeit verstrich dazwischen, als usw., Verg. Aen. 9, 395 (vgl. oben no. 2, a, α mediumque fuit breve tempus, et etc.).

    B) bildl.: 1) zwischen zwei Extremen als drittes in der Mitte stehend, -schwebend, sich in der Mitte haltend, a) im allg.: cum inter pacem et bellum medium nihil intersit, Cic.: u. dafür poet m. dopp. Genet., si quid medium mortis fugaeque, Ov. – multitudo aut servit humiliter aut superbe dominatur; libertatem, quae media est, nec spernere modice nec habere sciunt, Liv. – v. der Rede, m. dicendi genus, Quint. u. (Ggstz. uber u. gracile) Gell.: tum graves sumus, tum subtiles, tum medium quiddam tenemus, Cic.: u. übtr., v. Redner, alii (oratores) graves, alii subtiles, alii eis interiecti et tamquam medii, Cic. – in der Philos., der mittlere, von dem, was weder lobens- noch tadelnswert ist, weder gut noch böse, m. officium, Cic. (s. bes. Cic. de off. 1, 16; de fin. 3, 58): alia interiecta et media u. media illa, Mitteldinge, Cic.: mediae artes, Quint.: subst., minora quaeque sunt ex mediis, Quint. b) den Ansichten u. dem Verhalten nach = zwischen zwei Ansichten oder Parteien die Mitte haltend, einen Mittelweg einschlagend, media consilii via, Liv.: ex quibus partim tecum sentiebant, partim medium quendam cursum tenebant, Cic.: mediis consiliis stare, Liv.: m. oratio, m. sententia, Liv.: medium quiddam tenere, einen Mittelweg einschlagen, Plin. ep. – mit inter u. Akk., quod medium inter aequum et utile erat, decreverunt, Liv. – subst., media sequi, einen Mittelweg einschlagen, Tac.: mediis copulare concordiam, durch vermittelnde Maßregeln, durch Entgegenkommen, Liv. – übtr. auf die Pers., medium se gerere, parteilos sich in der Mitte halten, Liv.: agebat medium (er schlug einen Mittelweg ein), plurima dissimulans, aliqua inhibens, Vell.: aliis notantibus praefectum, aliis praemia decernentibus, mediis... dicentibus, Liv. – oder = sich neutral verhaltend, unparteiisch, neutral, utra castra (sc. sequar)? Media tollit Antonius, Cic. – u. übtr. auf die Pers., pacem utrique parti, ut medios deceat amicos, optent, Liv.: tamquam medios, nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv.: medios et neutrius partis, Suet.: de mediis et neutram partem sequentibus, Suet.: qui se medium esse vult, Cic.: medios esse iam non licebit, Cic.: Eumenes in eo bello medius erat animo, Vell.: Macedonico bello medium agere, neutral bleiben, Liv. epit. – u. mit dem Nbbgr. des Unentschiedenen, Unbestimmten – unbestimmt, unentschieden, zweideutig, responsum, zwischen Ja u. Nein in der Mitte schwebend, Liv.: vocabula, gleichsam mitteldeutig, zweideutig, Gell.: medius ambiguusque sermo, Plin. ep.: sed haec quoque media relinquamus, Vopisc.: subst., ad Varum media scriptitabat, Tac. – übtr. auf die Pers., se dubium mediumque partibus praestitit, Vell.: medii inter duos exspectavere fortunam, Flor.

    c) dem Grade od. Maße nach zwischen dem Hohen u. Niederen, Ausgezeichneten und ganz Schlechten in der Mitte stehend, gewöhnlich, ziemlich, mäßig, mittelmäßig, media bella, Liv.: ipsi me dium ingenium, magis extra vitium, quam cum virtutibus, Tac.: gratia non media, nicht gewöhnliche, ungemeine, Liv.: uxorum fides summa, libertorum media, servorum aliqua, filiorum nulla, Vell.: nihil medium, sed immensa omnia volvere animo, Liv.: pauca ille mediis sermonibus locutus, mit gewöhnlichen Worten, Ov. – übtr. auf die Pers., innocentiā eximius, sanctitate praecipuus, eloquentiā medius, Vell.: m. plebs, das gewöhnliche Volk, der gemeine Mann, Ov.: u. so m. vulgus, Ov.

    2) vermittelnd zwischen zwei Extremen stehend, a) nach beiden Seiten hinüberspielend, zu beidem geneigt, -befähigt, eine Mischung von beidem u. dgl., medium erat in Anco ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor, Liv.: übtr. auf die Pers., multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit mediusque inter imperatorem et militem, Flor.: u. dafür poet. mit dopp. Genet., pacis eras mediusque belli, zu Frieden u. Krieg gleich befähigt, Hor.

    b) tätig als Mittler eingreifend, vermittelnd, hilfreich, der Vermittler, media quaedam manus, Quint.: medio Pompei capite, Flor. – v. der Pers., medium se offert, Verg.: mediis dis, Ov.: u. poet mit dopp. Genet., medius fratris sui maestaeque sororis, Ov. Vgl. übh. Drak. Sil. 16, 222. Juret. Symm. epist. 4, 51. Gronovii Obss. in Eccl. 13.

    3) störend zwischen eine Handlung tretend od. entzweiend zwischen zwei Personen tretend, ne medius occurrere possit, störend zur Unzeit erscheinen könne, Verg.: quos inter medius venit furor, Haß entzweite sie beide, Verg.

    II) (wie μέσος) übtr., weil die Mitte jeden Körper in zwei Hälften teilt = dimidius, halb, zur Hälfte (Ggstz. totus), mediā plus parte, Ov.: media Minerva, das Brustbild, die Büste der M., Iuven.: m. scrupulum croci, Pallad.: aurum coronarium Italicis totum, medium provincialibus reddidit, Capit.: quod (oculus) convexus mediusque quacumque cernatur, Plin.: Nepa (sidus) medius occĭdit (Ggstz. totus apparet), Colum. – subst., medium, iī, n., die Hälfte, in itineris medio, Eutr.: scillae medium conterunt cum aqua, Varro.: scrobem ad medium completo, Colum.

    lateinisch-deutsches > medius

  • 13 sto [1]

    1. sto, stetī, statum, stātūrus, āre (Stamm sta, wie in εστη-κα, εστάναι, ahd. stân), stehen, I) im Ggstz. zum Sitzen usw., im weiteren Sinne = stehend verweilen, sich aufhalten, sich befinden, A) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) v. leb. Wesen: stant ambo, non sedent, Plaut.: cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sella sederet, Cic.: stans ac rectus homo (Ggstz. humilis et ad terram more quadrupedum abiectus), Liv.: stantes (im Stehen, sich erhoben habend) plaudebant, Cic. (vgl. stantia in plausum tota theatra, Prop.): Minerva, quae est in Parthenone stans (in stehender Stellung), Plin.: stando (im Stehen) mingens, Amm.: cui standi (sich auf den Füßen zu erhalten) vulnera vires non dederant, Ov.: stans pede in uno, Hor.: stante alqo, in jmds. Gegenwart, Cic. u. Tac.: me stante, Cic.: stantibus legatis, in Gegenwart d.G., Liv. – ad ianuam, ad curiam, Cic.: ad fores, Curt.: ante aedes, Plaut.: post aulaea, Curt.: in atriis, Plaut.: in conspectu exercitus, Curt.: cum gladiis in conspectu senatus, Cic.: circum senatum (v. Bürgern usw.), Cic.: propter in occulto, Cic.: stat super (oben darauf, auf dem Wagen), Ov.: hic foris, Plaut.: hinc procul, Ter.: qui proximi steterant, Caes. – Pass. impers., quid agitur? statur! Plaut. u. Ter. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: stabat in his (lucis) ingens quercus, Ov.: in cava nullus stet tibi nare pilus, Ov.: stant saxa antro, Ov.: stramenta stantia in segete relinquit, ut postea subsecentur, Varro. – v. Altären u. Bildsäulen, stabant sine ignibus arae, Ov.: quorum statuae steterunt in rostris, Cic.: signa stant ad impluvium, Cic.: stabat commune sepulcrum, Hor.: aëneus (als eherne Bildsäule) ut stes, Hor.: levi de marmore tota stabis, wirst dastehen (als Bildsäule) aus M., Verg. – v. Webstuhle und dem Gewebe, aufrecht stehend, stans tela, Ov. met. 4, 275: stantes telae, Ov. fast. 3, 819.

    2) insbes.: a) als milit. t.t. – stehen, aufgestellt sein, laxius, Curt.: in ulteriore ripa, Curt.: ante signa, Curt.: pro porta (v. Posten), Liv.: extra teli iactum, Liv.: sub armis, Auct. b. Afr.: in acie, Auct. b. Hisp.: haud impari acie, Liv.: pars aciei stetit sub hoste (tiefer als der F.), Auct. b. Afr.: quotā parte virium suarum ibi dimicavit Antiochus? In Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires, Liv.: stetimus tela aspera contra contulimusque manus, Verg.: Bactriani armati stabant, Curt.: Eumenes rex Attalusque cum omni manu sua ab tergo inter postremam aciem ac vallum steterunt, Liv. – b) v. Dienern, dastehen, aufwarten, pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. fr.: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, Ter.: ad cyathum et vinum, Suet.: ad pedes, Suet. – c) v. Buhldirnen = prostare, feilstehen, meritoria (sc. scorta) intra urbem stare vetuit, Vopisc. Tac. 10, 2: stat meretrix certo cuivis mercabilis aere, Ov. am. 1, 10, 21: olente in fornice stans, Hor. sat. 1, 2, 30: quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis, Iuven. 10, 239; vgl. 11, 172. – d) von Gebäuden = fertig dastehen, erbaut sein, iam stabant Thebae, Ov.: stet Capitolium fulgens, Hor.: aedificant muros. Stabat opus, Ov.: iam stare ratem, Val. Flacc. – e) v. Schiffen u. Schiffern, wo liegen, vor Anker liegen, stant litore puppes, Verg.: lembi, qui in Strymone stabant, Liv.: stabat classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. b. Afr.: classe divisā pars in salo ad ostium portus in ancoris stetit, Liv.: intra sexagesimum diem quam caesa silva erat centum sexaginta navium classis in ancoris stetit, Flor.: nox ea, quā propter vim tempestatis stare ad ancoram in salo Romana classis non posset, Liv. – f) starrend stehen, emporstehen, -starren, -ragen, steteruntque comae, Verg. u. Ov.: crines fulti pulvere, Stat.: saetae, cristae, Ov.: stant mammae, Plin. – g) mit Abl. = von etwas starren, strotzen, vollstehen, -sein, cupressi stant rectis foliis, Enn. fr.: stat ager sentibus, Caecil. com. fr.: stat nive candidum Soracte, Hor.: pulvere caelum stare, Verg.: stant lumina flammā, Verg.

    B) bildl.: 1) im allg.: in fastigio eloquentiae, Quint.: ante oculos stat ille meos, Ov.: pericula stant circum alqm, Verg.

    2) auf jmds. Seite stehen, -sein, ihm anhangen, beistehen, od. das Gegenteil, gegen jmd. stehen, jmds. Gegner sein, a) mit ab u. Abl.: stare a se potius quam ab adversariis, Cic.: ab iis stare, Nep.: a senatu et a bonorum causa stare, Cic. – b) mit cum u. Abl.: vobiscum me stetisse dicebat, Cic.: quae (pars) cum Romanis stabat, Liv.: cum di prope cum Hannibale starent, Liv.: capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant, Liv.: übtr., fortuna cum barbaris stabat, Liv.: victoria stat tecum, Ov. – c) m. pro u. Abl.: pro nobis, Ov.: pro Iuba atque Afris, Quint.: pro Pompei partibus, id est pro re publica, Vell.: pro meliore causa, Curt.: pro isdem partibus, Sen.: ruina partium, pro quibus steterat, Liv. fr.: stabat pro templo, für den T. (als Schützer), er war der Tempelhüter, Verg.: übtr., si pro mea patria ista virtus staret, Liv.: ni pro iure gentium stetisset fortuna, Liv.: stabat pro partibus invicta fortuna, Flor.: stabit pro signis iusque piumque tuis, Ov. – d) m. in u. Abl.: Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant, Curt. 3, 11 (28), 18. – e) mit in od. contra od. adversus u. Akk., gew. im Ggstz. zu ab, cum, pro u. Abl.: nec steterunt in te virque paterque meus, Ov.: quod adversus populi commoda in senectute steterat, sich dem V. des V. widersetzt hatte, Nep.: cum saepe a mendacio contra verum stare homines consuescerent, Cic.: qui nobiscum adversus barbaros steterunt, Nep.: Ligarium non pro Cn. Pompeio, sed pro Iuba et Afris inimicissimis populo Romano stetisse, Quint.: Mulciber in Troiam, pro Troia stabat Apollo, Ov.: mox simulatione contra Pompeium et Caesarem, animo pro Caesare stetit, Vell.: quemadmodum Antiochi Philippique bello pro vobis adversus reges, sic nunc pro rege adversus vos stetimus, Liv.: cum quo ferocissime pro Romana societate adversus Punicum foedus steterat, Liv. – f) mit Advv.: hinc stas, illim causam dicis, Plaut. Men. 799: ut, unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret, Iustin. 5, 4, 12: prope incondita Thurinorum turba nec satis fido animo, unde pugnabat, stans, Liv. 25, 15, 13: unde ius stabat, ei (populo) victoriam dedit (eventus belli), Liv. 21, 10, 9: aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat, Liv. 24, 45, 3.

    3) auf jmd. od. etwas beruhen, m. in u. Abl. od. m. bl. Abl., omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis, Verg.: stat salus in armis, Val. Flacc.: vigili stant bella magistro, Sil.

    4) wie unser zu stehen kommen = kosten, centum talentis, Liv.: magno pretio, Hor.: alci gratis, Cic. Verr. 5, 48 (s. Zumpt z. St.). – übtr., multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv.: damnavit multo staturum sanguine Martem, Mart.: sanguine quippe, si renuat, blando nimium facilique marito statura obsequia, Sil.: nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit, Sen.: tunc res immenso placuit statura labore, Lucan.: haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit, Liv.: periculum vitae meae tuo stat periculo, wird erkauft, ist zu haben für usw., Plaut.: Herculeo stabunt (logi ridiculi) prandio, cenā tibi, Plaut.

    II) prägn.: A) eig.: 1) im Ggstz. zur Bewegung = stillstehen, -halten, still-, unbeweglich dastehen, sich nicht rühren, a) eig.: α) v. leb. Wesen, si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul, Plaut.: sed abi intro, noli stare, Plaut.: quid stas lapis? Ter. – equus stare nescit, Verg.: ut taurus vaccā ademptā stare nequit, ruhen und rasten, Ov. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., wie v. Schiffen, videsne navem illam? stare nobis videtur, at iis qui in navi sunt moveri haec villa, Cic. Acad. 2, 81: stetit aequore puppis, Ov.: mea si staret navis in Oceano, still läge, Prop. – von Himmelskörpern, statim stant signa, Plaut. – von Gewässern und anderen Flüssigkeiten, stant aquae, Ov.: placidum ventis stat mare, Verg.: stantia freta, Ov.: stat et fracto dolio vinum, Sen.: gelidus in venis stetit haesitque sanguis, Sen. poët.: cuius ex levi tactu stabant profluvia sanguinis, Arnob. – vom Eis, stat glacies iners, Hor. – b) übtr., von der Zeit – gleichs. stillstehen, verweilen, non segnis stat remeatve dies, Tibull.: veluti stet volucris dies, Hor.

    2) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit, a) als milit. t.t. – α) stehen, festen Fuß fassen, standhalten, in gradu (auf der Mensur), Cic.: qui (miles) steterit (Ggstz. abiecto scuto fugiat), Cic.: in acie stare ac pugnare (Ggstz. in castra refugere), Liv.: verb. comminus stare et impetum sustinere, Caes.: contra leonem etiam stetit, Spart. – β) übtr., v. Kampfe selbst – stehen, auf einer Stelle haften, schweben, anceps dicitur certamen stetisse, soll ohne allen Ausschlag gestanden haben, Liv.: ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit, Liv.: diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit, Liv. – b) von Felsen, Gebäuden = fest, unerschütterlich stehen, dauern (vgl. Drak. Liv. 31, 31, 15), quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes, Verg.: nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit, Cic.: stantibus Hierosolymis, Cic.: muros stare, Liv.: stantia moenia (Ggstz. ruinae muri), Liv.: aedes sacrae stantes (Ggstz. aedium sacrarum ruinae), Sen. – c) v. Geschossen, fest stecken bleiben, haften, missum stetit inguine ferrum, Ov.: hasta stetit medio tergo, Ov.: ossa inter ferreus ad costas alto stat vulnere mucro, Verg.

    B) bildl.: 1) im allg., stillstehen, stehenbleiben, utinam res publica stetisset quo coeperat statu, Cic. de off. 2, 3: nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque secum vetustas, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 6.

    2) stare per alqm, durch jmds. Schuld gleichs. hangen bleiben = an jmd. hangen, liegen, jmds. Schuld sein, per me stetisse, Ter.: non per me stetit, Quint. – oft stat od. non (nihil) stat per alqm m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., Caes., Liv. u.a., od. stat per alqm m. folg. quin od. ne u. Konj., Liv., Suet. u.a. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 8, 2, 2. M. Müller Liv. 2, 31, 11. Ruperti Tac. dial. 21 extr.): u. per alqm stat m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plin. ep. 10, 6 (22), 2. Ps. Quint. decl. 250: per alqm non stat m. folg. Infin., Scaevol. dig. 32, 1, 38. § 6.

    3) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit u. Dauer = a) fest-, unerschüttert stehen, sich halten, sich behaupten, bestehen, verbleiben, Bestand haben (Ggstz. titubare, corruere, concĭdere), si stare non possunt, corruant, wenn sie sich nicht halten, sich nicht (bei ihren Vermögensumständen) behaupten können, so mögen sie fallen (bankrott werden), Cic.: qui me stante (solange ich mich in meiner Würde behauptete) stare non poterant, Cic.: per quos homines ordinesque steterim, Cic.: dum stabat regno incolumis, Verg.: stamus animis, sind festen Mutes, Cic.: stas animo, Hor.: quae si valuissent, res publica staret, tu tuis flagitiis concĭdisses, Cic.: res publica stat virtute suā, Liv.: regnum eorum novum fraternā stare concordiā, Liv.: tutelā muliebri res Latina et regnum avitum puero stetit, verblieb dem Kn., Liv.: stat nulla mortalibus umquam, fortunā titubante, fides, Sil.: nullo enim modo posse video stare istum (Caesarem) diutius, quin ipse per se etiam languentibus nobis concĭdat, Cic. ad Att. 10, 8, 6. – b) bei etw. festbleiben, α) = beharren, verharren, ihm nachkommen, an etw. sich halten bei etw. es bewenden lassen, m. in u. Abl., in fide, Cic.: in sententia, Liv.: stare oportet in eo, quod sit iudicatum, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., stant sententiā, Plaut.: suis stare iudiciis, Cic.: censoris opinione, Cic.: alcis iudicio, Cic.: alcis decreto, Caes.: illis promissis, Cic.: pacto, Liv.: ut palam in senatu diceret, staturus eo esset, quod censuissent, an ad populum laturus, Liv.: impers., eo stabitur consilio, Liv.: statur priore foedere, Liv. – mit Dat., arbitri sententiae, voluntati patris defuncti, ICt.: rei iudicatae, ICt. – β) übtr., feststehen = festgesetzt-, fest bestimmt-, fest beschlossen sein, stat sua cuique dies, Verg.: tempus agendae rei nondum stare, Liv.: u. so stat sententia, Ter.: stat pensata diu belli sententia, vincam servare invitos, Sil. – dah. stat alci sententia m. folg. Infin. = es steht bei jmd. der Entschluß-, der Wille fest, es ist bei jmd. fest beschlossen, zu usw., Liv.: so auch stat pectore fixum mit folg. Infin., Val. Flacc.: u. stat alci od. bl. stat mit folg. Infin., Cic. u.a. – c) v. Schauspielern u. Schauspielen, stehen = sich auf der Bühne halten, gefallen (Ggstz. cadere, exigi), in his, quas primum Caecilii didici novas, partim sum earum exactus, partim vix steti, Ter.: illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, hoc stabant, Hor. – cum stetit olim nova (fabula), actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā, Ter.: securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. – / Perf. stĕtĕrunt gemessen, Verg. Aen. 2, 774; 3, 48. Prop. 2, 8, 10 M. Ov. her. 7, 166. – Das Supinum statum will Prisc. 9, 38 mit langem a, dagegen 10, 27 mit kurzem a gemessen haben; stātūrus mißt Lucan. 2, 566 u. 719; 3, 381. Sil. 17, 82. Mart. 6, 32, 3. – vulg. Nbf. isto, wov. istat, Augustin. serm. 118, 4 Mai: istamus, Itala (Fuld.) Roman. 5, 2: istatis, Itala (psalt. Veron.) psalm. 133, 1: ista, Itala (Fuld.) Iacob. 2, 3: istare, Isid. de nat. rer. 44, 2 cod. Bamb. A.

    lateinisch-deutsches > sto [1]

  • 14 corrumpo

    cor-rumpo, rūpī, ruptum, ere (con u. rumpo), I) der Existenz nach verderben, zuschanden machen, bis zur Unbrauchbarkeit beschädigen, zunichte machen, vernichten, a) mater. Objj.: α) übh.: sua frumenta c. aedificiaque incendere, Caes.: c. alimenta, Curt. – m. Ang. wodurch? womit? reliquum frumentum flumine atque incendio, Caes.: vineas igni et lapidibus, Sall.: coria igni ac lapidibus, Caes.: illa (aurum atque argentum) et domum et semet igni, Sall.: se suosque cum omnibus copiis suis ferro et igni, Flor.: alia opera disicere, alia igni c., Liv. (u. so oft c. igni, s. Fabri Sall. Iug. 76, 7. Duker Flor. 2, 6, 6). – v. lebl. Subjj., pituitae cursus acerrimus sequitur exulceratisque vehementer oculis aciem quoque ipsam corrumpit, Cels.: corrumpente (frumentum) umore, Plin. – β) das Vermögen zugrunde richten, ruinieren, res familiares, Sall.: saevius aut lenius agendo rem domini, Col.
    b) Zustände usw., etwas verderben, zunichte machen = untergraben, zuschanden machen, vereiteln, verscherzen, verspielen, sich od. jmd. um etw. bringen, gratiam (die Gunst), Phaedr.: dei beneficia, Sen.: fidem artis (den Glauben an die Kunst), Tac.: corrupta totiens victoria, Tac.: c. libertatem, Tac.: ob rem corruptam domi poenas metuere, Sall.: se suasque spes c., Sall. – mit Ang. wem? durch Dat., ille
    ————
    mihi hodie corrupit diem, Plaut. – m. Ang. wodurch? womit? durch Abl., tot meritorum gratiam (den Dank für so viele V.) maiore culpā, quam causa culpae est, Liv.: dubitando et prolatando magnas opportunitates, Sall.: his factis magnifice gestarum rerum gloriam, Val. Max.: multo dolore corrupta voluptas, ein zunichte gemachtes, zu Wasser gewordenes, Hor.: quodcumque addebatur subsidio, id corruptum timore fugientium, wurde vereitelt, Caes.
    II) seiner guten Beschaffenheit nach zum Schlechtern verändern, verderben, verschlechtern, verfälschen, verhunzen, herunterbringen, im Passiv corrumpi = verderben (intr.), in Verderbnis übergehen, herunterkommen, a) physisch: α) übh.: pabulum et aquarum fontes, Sall.: vinum, oleum ceterasque res, quae ad victum parari solent, Auct. b. Afr.: Aeschinus odiose cessat; prandium corrumpitur, Ter.: assa caro danda est et valens, quae non facile corrumpitur, Cels.: conclusa aqua facile corrumpitur, Cic. – von lebl. Subjj., morbo caeli coorta tempestas corrupit lacus, verpestete, Verg.: aqua amara, quae corrumpit dulcem, Curt.: hoc medicamentum stomachum non corrumpit, Scrib. – mit Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., nec casiā liquidi corrumpitur usus olivi, Verg.: Ceres corrupta undis, Verg.: animadvertit rura neglegentiā villici corrupta et perdita, Val. Max.: vino forma perit, vino corrumpitur aetas, Prop. – m. Ang. wohin?
    ————
    wozu? durch in u. Akk., umor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus, Tac. Germ. 23, 1: vinum in acorem corrumpitur, Macr. sat. 7, 12, 11. – β) den Körper und dessen Teile verderben, zuschanden machen, entstellen, bei Angabe wodurch? womit? m. Abl., ne plora; oculos corrumpis tales, Plaut.: quid fles et madidos lacrimis corrumpis ocellos, Ov.: teneros c. febribus artus, Ov.: dentibus ungues, zernagen, zerbeißen, Prop.: forma ne illā quidem sorte corrupta, Curt.: corpus exanimum nulla tabe, ne minimo quidem livore corruptum, Curt. – u. leb. Wesen, den Kräften nach herunterbringen, abmergeln, im Passiv = herunterkommen, abfallen, corrumpi equos in insula inclusos, Liv.; vgl. corrupti equi macie, Caes.: quia corruptos nuper viderat boves, Phaedr.
    b) dem Laute, der Aussprache nach verderben, verhunzen, verdrehen, entstellen, Chloris eram, quae Flora vocor; corrupta Latino nominis est nostri littera Graeca sono, Ov. – nomen eorum paulatim Libyes corrupere, barbarā linguā Mauros pro Medis appellantes, Sall.: videri potest (Nilus) non alio nomine appellari, sed a barbaro ore corruptus, Mela. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., os in peregrinum sonum corruptum, Quint.: littera continuata cum insequente in naturam eius corrumpitur, Quint.
    c) dem Sinne, Inhalte nach verderben, verfäl-
    ————
    schen, entstellen, interpolieren, Schriften, Urkunden, c. litteras od. tabulas publicas, Cic.: u. so bl. c. litteras (Urkunden), Cic. – u. m. Ang. womit? durch Abl., tabulas publicas municipii manu suā c., Cic.: actorum eiusdem (Caesaris) insertis falsis regnis civitatibusque corrupti commentarii, Vell. – u. die Rede (Ggstz. ornare), totidem generibus corrumpitur oratio, quot ornatur, Quint. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., corruptae in adulationem causae, zur Schmeichelei entstellte Gründe, Tac. – von lebl. Subjj., illa temeraria laudatrix, fama popularis, simulatione honestatis formam eius (gloriae) pulchritudinemque corrumpit, entstellt, gibt ein Zerrbild (eine Karikatur) von usw., Cic. Tusc. 3, 4.
    d) moralisch verderben, teils Zustände u. dgl., entweihen, entehren, herabwürdigen, schänden, zerrütten (Ggstz. corrigere), mores civitatis, Nep. u. (Ggstz. corrigere) Cic.; vgl. corrumpi mores (puerorum) in scholis, Quint.: c. disciplinam castrorum od. bl. disciplinam (Mannszucht), Plin. pan. u. Tac.: huius urbis iura et exempla corrumpere domesticāque immanitate nostrae civitatis humanitatem inquinare, Cic.: c. acceptam nobilitatem, Sall.: cubicula principum feminarum, Tac. – non est opus fide, quam neque cupiditas corrumpat, nec gratia avertat, nec metus frangat? Quint.: me non ullae poterunt corrumpere taedae, keine andere Liebesflamme wird mich
    ————
    entweihen, Prop. – m. Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., humilibus per omnes tribus divisis forum et campum c., Liv.: inter tanta vitia aetas (meine schwache Jugend) ambitione corrupta tenebatur, Sall.: corrupti mores depravatique sunt admiratione divitiarum, Cic.: longā consuetudine corruptos depravatosque mores principatus reformare et corrigere, Plin. pan. – mit Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., omnium partium decus in mercedem corruptum erat, Sall. hist. fr. 1, 13 D. u. Kr.: non corrumpi ea in deterius, quae aliquando a malis fiunt, Plin. ep. 5, 3, 6. – teils Personen u. dgl. = verderben, corrumpere iuventutem (zB. von Sokrates), Quint.: tu illum corrumpi sinis, Ter.: non se luxu (luxui) neque inertiae corrumpendum dare, Sall.: u. v. lebl. Subjj., ne otium corrumperet militem, Vell.: milites soluto imperio licentia atque lascivia corruperat, Sall.: invidia vulgi vanum ingenium dictatoris corrupit, Liv.: haec (natura, natürlicher Gang) Curionem, haec Hortensii filium, non patrum culpa, corrupit, Cic.: quae manus obscenas depinxit prima tabellas, illa puellarum ingenuos corrupit ocellos, hat vergiftet den Blick, Prop. – m. Ang. wodurch? durch Abl., c. alqm pecuniā (vgl. unten no. α), Cic.: c. exercitum largiendo, Quint.: populus largitione magistratuum corruptus est, Nep.: corrumpi felicitate, vom Glücke verdorben (verwöhnt) werden, Ps. Quint. decl.: corruptus largitionibus animus, Cic.:
    ————
    postquam luxu atque desidiā civitas corrupta est, Sall.: genus hominum ad honestatem natum malo cultu pravisque opinionibus corruptum, Cic.: iudicia corrupta et contaminata paucorum vitio ac turpitudine, Cic.
    Insbes.: α) durch irgend ein Mittel zu einer unrechten Handlung verführen, verleiten, durch Geld usw. = bestechen, corrumpere et corrumpi (sich verführen lassen), Tac.: erilem filium, Plaut.: adulescentulus corruptus, Cic. – c. sacerdotes fani, Nep.: oraculum Delphicum, Nep.: scribae servum, Plin. ep.: iudicem, Cic.: nutricis fidem, Ov. – gew. m. Ang. wodurch? womit? durch Abl., c. alqm pecuniā, Sall.: alqm auro, Sall.: alqm donis, Sall.: tribum turpi largitione, Cic.: corrumpi regiā mercede, Val. Max.: ne pretio quidem corrumpi iudex in eiusmodi causa potest, Cic.: sibi quisque opes aut patrimonia quaerendo consilium publicum corruperunt, haben die öffentliche Meinung irregeleitet, Sall. fr.: addidi alios (elegos), facilitate corruptus, verführt, verleitet, Plin. ep. – m. Ang. durch wen (wessen Vermittelung)? durch per u. Akk., u. m. Ang. vermittelst wessen? durch Abl., tu doce, per quem sequestrem, quo divisore tribus corrupta sit, Cic. – m. Ang. wozu? durch ad od. in m. Akk., alqm ad scelus, Tac.: alqm ad societatem, Tac.: alqm in spem rapinarum, Tac. – m. Ang. in welcher Absicht? durch ut u. Konj., centuri-
    ————
    ones ducesque turmarum, uti transfugerent, c., Sall.: Sp. Tarpeii filiam auro c., ut armatos in arcem accipiat, Liv.: u. so pretio corruptus fuerat, ut etc., Val. Max. – β) zur Unzucht verführen, entehren, schänden, mulierem, Ter.: puerum praetextatum et ingenuam virginem, Val. Max.: plurimas et illustres feminas, Suet.: fratris filiam, Suet.: uxorem quondam magni Minois, ut aiunt, corrupit torvi candida forma bovis, Prop. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. corrumpier, Lucr. 6, 18.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > corrumpo

  • 15 medius

    medius, a, um (altind. mádhya-h, griech. μέσσος, μέσος, gotisch midjis, ahd. mitti = nhd. mitten), I) der mittlere, mittelste, der in der Mitte befindliche, -gelegene, u. partitiv, mitten an, auf, in usw., in der Mitte von u. dgl. (Ggstz. summus u. infimus oder imus, od. primus u. extremus, postremus, od. oriens u. cadens u. dgl.), A) eig.: 1) v. Raume: a) im allg.: in triclinio medio... in summo... in imo, Sall. fr.: versus aeque prima et media et extrema pars extenditur, Cic. – unguis, Iuven.: digitus, Quint. (ders. bl. medius, Gromat. vet. 371, 26). – v. Pers., mediam locavit, gab ihr den mittleren Platz, Verg. – medius mundi od. terrae locus, Mittelpunkt, Cic. – mit Genet. partit., eligere locum earum regionum medium, Caes.: ut aliquem locum medium utriusque colloquio diceret, Caes. – v. Pers., medius omnium rex erat, Liv. – m. Abl. der Entfernung, Megara media Corintho Athenisque urbs, Vell.: si medius Polluce et Castore ponar, Ov. – m. inter u. Akk., media inter utraque (sc. Africam et Galliam), von Hispanien, Iustin.: (populus) Romanus medius inter Latium et Tuscos quasi in quodam bivio collocatus, Flor.: v. Pers., rapite sublimem foras; facite inter terram et caelum ut medius sit, Plaut. – u. dafür poet. mit dopp. Genet., medium caeli terraeque per aëra vecta est, Ov.: qui locus est iuguli medius summique lacerti, Ov. – m. ex u. Abl.,
    ————
    v. Pers., ne medius ex tribus (auf dem Speisesofa) Iugurtha foret, Sall. – mit dem Nbbgr. des Trennenden, quā (wo) medius liquor secernit Europen ab Afro, Hor.
    b) partitiv = mitten, in der Mitte, α) übh.: telam medium accensum mittere, Liv. – per media hostium tela, mitten durch die G., Liv.: medios in hostes, mitten in usw., Sall.: arida loca medii itineris, in der Mitte des Wegs, Iustin. – in medio foro, mitten auf usw., Cic.: in medio colle, Caes. – medio oppido fluere, in der Mitte der Stadt (deshalb noch nicht gerade im Mittelpunkte), Liv.: ponere in media via, Phaedr.: via... medio est altissima caelo, Ov. – a medio spatio, Caes.: ex medio monte, Sall.: ex medio itinere, Caes. – übtr. auf die Pers. (s. die Auslgg. zu Verg. georg. 4, 436; Aen. 7, 169), considit scopulo medius, mitten auf dem Felsen, Verg.: in ferarum concilio medius sedebat, Ov. – medium alqm arripere, Ter., od. complecti, in der Mitte, um den Leib, Ter. u. Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 23, 9, 9). – β) ex media alqa re, v. dem, was mitten aus etw. herausgenommen so recht eigentlich dazu gehört, alteri sunt e mediis Caesaris partibus, Cic.: hoc e medio est iure civili, Cic.; vgl. Fabri Sall. orat. Licin. 8. Beier Cic. de off. 1, 63.
    c) subst., medium, iī, n., die Mitte, aa) der mittlere-, innere Raum, der Mittelpunkt, utrique imperatores in medium exeunt (treten in die Mitte vor);
    ————
    extra turbam ordinum colloquuntur simul, Plaut.: in medio aedium od. bl. medio aedium, Liv.: medio Capitolini montis, Tac.: poet. mit dopp. Genet., nocte volat medio caeli terraeque, zwischen Himmel und Erde, Verg. – v. Mittelpunkte, medium ferire, Cic.: in medium caestus proicere, Verg.: in medium vergere, Cic.: id autem medium infimum in sphaera est, Cic.: vom Mitteltreffen, Zentrum des Heeres, in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis, saepe in medio adesse, Sall.: auxilia regum pro cornibus, medio sextam legionem constituit, Tac. – Insbes.: α) als Punkt, wohin alle ihr Gepäck usw. werfen, in medium oder (selten) in medio conicere sarcinas, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 10, 36, 1); – od. um den sich alle scharen, alqm in medium accipere, in ihre Mitte nehmen (um ihn zu decken, zu schützen), Liv. (s. Drak. u. Fabri Liv. 21, 46, 9); – od. auf den man feindlich von allen Seiten losgeht, utrimque hostem invehi nuntiatur. Diu in medio caesi milites, wurden die in die Mitte genommenen niedergehauen, Liv. – β) als Punkt, wo etwas als Kampfpreis so niedergelegt wird, daß jeder Preisbewerber es sehen und dazu gelangen kann, in medio palma est posita, jeder kann den Preis erringen, Ter. – ebenso als Gewinn für die Spielenden, in singulos talos singulos denarios in medium conferebat (setzte), quos tollebat universos, qui etc., Suet. – od. als Gemeingut, gemeinschaftliche Kasse usw., an
    ————
    dem alle teilhaben, das allen zu Gebote steht, zuteil werden kann, zugänglich ist, nach dem alle zulangen können, bona interfectorum in medium cedant, mögen Gemeingut werden, Tac.: in medium quaerere, zu gemeinschaftlichem Gebrauche, Verg.: discenda in medium dare, allgemein zugänglich machen, zum besten geben, Ov.: obscenas voluptates faciles, communes, in medio sitas dicunt, seien leicht erreichbar, jedermann zugänglich, könnten allen zuteil werden, Cic.: u. so laus in medio sita, Tac. dial.: velut in medio posita, als Gemeingut, wovon jeder nehmen könne, Curt.: u. so in medio posita, das allen zu Gebote Stehende, an der Hand Liegende, Hor.: u. ubi in medio praeda administrantibus esset, die nur zugreifen dürften, um die Beute an sich zu reißen, Liv. – u. so in medium afferre communes utilitates, Cic.: in m. conferre laudes, jeder für alle Ruhm erwerben (Ggstz. ex communi ad se trahere), Liv.: in medium referre ad vacuas aures, Ov.: in medium consulere, fürs Gemeinwohl, allgemeine Beste, Ter., Liv. u.a. (s. Ruhnken Ter. Andr. 3, 3, 16 u. die Auslgg. zu Liv. 24, 22, 15). – u. bei den Juristen als »Gesamtmasse« eines gemeinschaftlichen Vermögens, »Erbmasse« u. dgl., in medium conferre, ICt.: in medium venire, in die Masse fließen, ICt.: e medio deducere, ICt.: ex medio sumere, ferre, ICt. – γ) als Punkt, wo, umgeben vom Volke, vor Gericht die Parteien, Zeu-
    ————
    gen (zur Vernehmung) stehen, die Akten u. dgl. zur Einsicht vorliegen, mater virginis est in medio (ist da, frage sie), ipsa virgo, res ipsa; hic Geta praeterea, Ter.: veniant in m., mögen öffentlich (vor Gericht) auftreten, Cic.: tabulae sunt in medio, liegen (zu jedermanns Einsicht) vor, Cic.: removere e medio litteras, beiseite schaffen, Cic. – dah. v. strittigen Gegenständen, rem in medium vocare, vor ihr Gericht ziehen, Cic.: et regni crimen in medio (erit), wird vorliegen, Liv.: ego vero, si (regni crimen) in medio ponitur (in Frage gestellt wird, wem die Schuld beizulegen sei), non agnosco, Liv.: alqd in medio relinquere, unentschieden lassen, Cic.: ebenso (wie το μέσον θειναι) in medium relinquere, Claud. Quadrig. fr. u. Tac. – u. übtr. v. Auftreten der Parteien, prima veniat in medium Epicuri ratio, zuerst möge auftreten, Cic. – δ) als freier Raum, freie Straße, wo sich das Publikum einfindet, die Öffentlichkeit, ubi tabernis apertis omnia in medio vidit, alles (alle Waren) auf offener Straße ausgelegt sieht, Liv. – in medium procedere, öffentlich erscheinen, auftreten, Plaut.; übtr., loci in medium procedent, werden sich gleichs. deinem Blicke darbieten, Cic. – de medio recedere, aus dem Wege-, beiseite gehen, Raum geben, Cic. – aber e medio excedere, sich (aus der großen Welt) zurückziehen, Ter.: dass. secedere seque e medio amovere, Suet.: u. e medio discedere, sich verbergen, Suet.:
    ————
    emphat., e medio excedere od. abire, aus der Welt gehen, sterben, Ter.: u. alqm tollere de medio, aus dem Wege räumen, ermorden, Cic. – hoc deliberantium genus pellatur e medio, fort mit usw., Cic. – rem in medium proferre, etwas davon verlauten lassen, Cic. – in medium conferre, der Öffentlichkeit übergeben, Liv.: in medium vacuas referre ad aures, allgemein zum besten geben, Ov.: in medium dare, der Öffentlichkeit übergeben, verraten, Lucr.: aber omnia in medium dare discenda, alles zum Lernen darbieten, seinen Schülern zum besten geben, Ov.: dah. e medio = aus dem großen Publikum, ex medio res arcessit comoedia, Hor.: verba e medio, Ov.: vollst., verba e medio sumpta, Quint.: u. bl. e medio sumpta, Hor. u. Amm.: verba iacentia tollere e medio, Cic. – u. dah.: ε) in medio = sub divo, unter freiem Himmel, im Freien, Pallad. 1, 35, 12. – bb) der mittlere Teil, ovi medium, der Dotter, Apic. 9, 416.
    2) v. der Zeit: a) die mittlere, die dazwischenliegende = verflossene, α) übh.: ultimi temporis recordatione, proximi memoriā medium illud tristissimum tempus... ex animo excĭdere, Cic.: longa fuit medii mora temporis, der Zwischenzeit, Ov.: u. so oft m. tempus, Ov. u. Suet.: unum quasi comperendinatus medium diem fuisse, noch einen Tag Frist dazwischen hatte, Cic. – medio tempore, in der Zwischenzeit, mittlerweile, Suet. u. Iustin.: so medio temporis
    ————
    spatio, Suet.: mediis diebus, in den Zwischentagen, Liv.: mediis horis, Eutr. – poet. u. nachaug., medium esse = intercedere, dazwischen sein, -fallen, -verfließen, mit folg. et, zB. mediumque fuit breve tempus, et orsa est Leucothoë, Ov.: exiguum temporis medium, et etc., Plin. ep.: una dies m. est, et etc., Ov.. una nox m. erat, et etc., Prop. – β) insbes. v. Alter, das mittlere, m. aetas (Ggstz. aetas primae iuventae u. senectus, od. puer u. iuvenis), Plaut., Cic., Colum. u. o.: constans aetas, quae media dicitur, Cic.: v. Lebl., Falernum (vinum) nec in novitate, nec in nimia vetustate corpori salubre est. Media eius aetas a quindecimo anno incipit, Plin. – übtr. auf die Pers. od. Sache, in den mittleren Jahren stehend, uxor, Plaut.: quemcumque vis occupa, adulescentem, senem, medium, Sen.: Aeglen maximam natu appellavit, mediam Euphrosynen, tertiam Thalian, Sen.: v. Lebl., vinum novum, vetus, medium (weder zu jung, noch zu alt), Varro fr.
    b) partitiv, mitten in usw., in der Mitte, Mitt-, α) übh. v. Tage, aestas erat mediusque dies, die Zeit um Mittag, Ov.: in medios dormire dies, mitten in den T. hinein, Hor.: de medio potare die, vom hellen Mittag an, Hor.: medio die (Ggstz. ortu obituque), Ov.: u. übtr., m. dies, Mittag = Süden, stabula ad medium conversa diem, Verg.: occidens Zephyros, Austros medius dies mittit, Apul.; vgl. media ab regione diei,
    ————
    Lucr. – v. der Nacht, mediā nocte, Suet.: ad mediam noctem, Suet. – v. den Jahreszeiten, medium erat tempus sementis, es war mitten in der Zeit der Aussaat, Flor.: extremā hieme... ineunte vere... mediā aestate, Cic.: aestu medio, aestibus mediis, frigoribus mediis, Verg. – übtr., v. der Pers., duorum fratrum aetatibus medius interiectus, dem Alter nach mitten zwischen den beiden Br. stehend, Cic.: in mediis (illis), mitten unter ihnen, Verg. – β) von dem, was mitten im Gange ist, mitten in od. auf usw., medium iam classe tenebat iter, war im vollen Laufe, Verg.: in honore deûm medio, Verg.: medio sermone, Verg.: in media pace, Sen. de ira 2, 2, 6; ep. 18, 6 u. 91, 5. Curt. 8, 10 (36), 17.
    c) subst., medium, iī, n., die Mitte, die mittlere Zeit, iam diei medium erat, Liv.: noctis erat medium, Ov.: per medium diei, Tac.: medio diei, Tac. (s. Heräus Tac. hist. 1, 62, 7): medio noctis, Iustin.: medio temporis, in der Zwischenzeit, mittlerweile (διὰ μέσον), Tac.: so auch in medium, mittlerweile, indessen, Apic. 3, 63. – nec longum in medio tempus, cum etc., kurze Zeit verstrich dazwischen, als usw., Verg. Aen. 9, 395 (vgl. oben no. 2, a, α mediumque fuit breve tempus, et etc.).
    B) bildl.: 1) zwischen zwei Extremen als drittes in der Mitte stehend, -schwebend, sich in der Mitte haltend, a) im allg.: cum inter pacem et bellum medi-
    ————
    um nihil intersit, Cic.: u. dafür poet m. dopp. Genet., si quid medium mortis fugaeque, Ov. – multitudo aut servit humiliter aut superbe dominatur; libertatem, quae media est, nec spernere modice nec habere sciunt, Liv. – v. der Rede, m. dicendi genus, Quint. u. (Ggstz. uber u. gracile) Gell.: tum graves sumus, tum subtiles, tum medium quiddam tenemus, Cic.: u. übtr., v. Redner, alii (oratores) graves, alii subtiles, alii eis interiecti et tamquam medii, Cic. – in der Philos., der mittlere, von dem, was weder lobens- noch tadelnswert ist, weder gut noch böse, m. officium, Cic. (s. bes. Cic. de off. 1, 16; de fin. 3, 58): alia interiecta et media u. media illa, Mitteldinge, Cic.: mediae artes, Quint.: subst., minora quaeque sunt ex mediis, Quint. b) den Ansichten u. dem Verhalten nach = zwischen zwei Ansichten oder Parteien die Mitte haltend, einen Mittelweg einschlagend, media consilii via, Liv.: ex quibus partim tecum sentiebant, partim medium quendam cursum tenebant, Cic.: mediis consiliis stare, Liv.: m. oratio, m. sententia, Liv.: medium quiddam tenere, einen Mittelweg einschlagen, Plin. ep. – mit inter u. Akk., quod medium inter aequum et utile erat, decreverunt, Liv. – subst., media sequi, einen Mittelweg einschlagen, Tac.: mediis copulare concordiam, durch vermittelnde Maßregeln, durch Entgegenkommen, Liv. – übtr. auf die Pers., medium se gerere, parteilos sich in der Mitte halten,
    ————
    Liv.: agebat medium (er schlug einen Mittelweg ein), plurima dissimulans, aliqua inhibens, Vell.: aliis notantibus praefectum, aliis praemia decernentibus, mediis... dicentibus, Liv. – oder = sich neutral verhaltend, unparteiisch, neutral, utra castra (sc. sequar)? Media tollit Antonius, Cic. – u. übtr. auf die Pers., pacem utrique parti, ut medios deceat amicos, optent, Liv.: tamquam medios, nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv.: medios et neutrius partis, Suet.: de mediis et neutram partem sequentibus, Suet.: qui se medium esse vult, Cic.: medios esse iam non licebit, Cic.: Eumenes in eo bello medius erat animo, Vell.: Macedonico bello medium agere, neutral bleiben, Liv. epit. – u. mit dem Nbbgr. des Unentschiedenen, Unbestimmten – unbestimmt, unentschieden, zweideutig, responsum, zwischen Ja u. Nein in der Mitte schwebend, Liv.: vocabula, gleichsam mitteldeutig, zweideutig, Gell.: medius ambiguusque sermo, Plin. ep.: sed haec quoque media relinquamus, Vopisc.: subst., ad Varum media scriptitabat, Tac. – übtr. auf die Pers., se dubium mediumque partibus praestitit, Vell.: medii inter duos exspectavere fortunam, Flor.
    c) dem Grade od. Maße nach zwischen dem Hohen u. Niederen, Ausgezeichneten und ganz Schlechten in der Mitte stehend, gewöhnlich, ziemlich, mäßig, mittelmäßig, media bella, Liv.: ipsi me-
    ————
    dium ingenium, magis extra vitium, quam cum virtutibus, Tac.: gratia non media, nicht gewöhnliche, ungemeine, Liv.: uxorum fides summa, libertorum media, servorum aliqua, filiorum nulla, Vell.: nihil medium, sed immensa omnia volvere animo, Liv.: pauca ille mediis sermonibus locutus, mit gewöhnlichen Worten, Ov. – übtr. auf die Pers., innocentiā eximius, sanctitate praecipuus, eloquentiā medius, Vell.: m. plebs, das gewöhnliche Volk, der gemeine Mann, Ov.: u. so m. vulgus, Ov.
    2) vermittelnd zwischen zwei Extremen stehend, a) nach beiden Seiten hinüberspielend, zu beidem geneigt, -befähigt, eine Mischung von beidem u. dgl., medium erat in Anco ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor, Liv.: übtr. auf die Pers., multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit mediusque inter imperatorem et militem, Flor.: u. dafür poet. mit dopp. Genet., pacis eras mediusque belli, zu Frieden u. Krieg gleich befähigt, Hor.
    b) tätig als Mittler eingreifend, vermittelnd, hilfreich, der Vermittler, media quaedam manus, Quint.: medio Pompei capite, Flor. – v. der Pers., medium se offert, Verg.: mediis dis, Ov.: u. poet mit dopp. Genet., medius fratris sui maestaeque sororis, Ov. Vgl. übh. Drak. Sil. 16, 222. Juret. Symm. epist. 4, 51. Gronovii Obss. in Eccl. 13.
    3) störend zwischen eine Handlung tretend od.
    ————
    entzweiend zwischen zwei Personen tretend, ne medius occurrere possit, störend zur Unzeit erscheinen könne, Verg.: quos inter medius venit furor, Haß entzweite sie beide, Verg.
    II) (wie μέσος) übtr., weil die Mitte jeden Körper in zwei Hälften teilt = dimidius, halb, zur Hälfte (Ggstz. totus), mediā plus parte, Ov.: media Minerva, das Brustbild, die Büste der M., Iuven.: m. scrupulum croci, Pallad.: aurum coronarium Italicis totum, medium provincialibus reddidit, Capit.: quod (oculus) convexus mediusque quacumque cernatur, Plin.: Nepa (sidus) medius occĭdit (Ggstz. totus apparet), Colum. – subst., medium, iī, n., die Hälfte, in itineris medio, Eutr.: scillae medium conterunt cum aqua, Varro.: scrobem ad medium completo, Colum.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > medius

  • 16 sto

    1. sto, stetī, statum, stātūrus, āre (Stamm sta, wie in εστη-κα, εστάναι, ahd. stân), stehen, I) im Ggstz. zum Sitzen usw., im weiteren Sinne = stehend verweilen, sich aufhalten, sich befinden, A) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) v. leb. Wesen: stant ambo, non sedent, Plaut.: cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sella sederet, Cic.: stans ac rectus homo (Ggstz. humilis et ad terram more quadrupedum abiectus), Liv.: stantes (im Stehen, sich erhoben habend) plaudebant, Cic. (vgl. stantia in plausum tota theatra, Prop.): Minerva, quae est in Parthenone stans (in stehender Stellung), Plin.: stando (im Stehen) mingens, Amm.: cui standi (sich auf den Füßen zu erhalten) vulnera vires non dederant, Ov.: stans pede in uno, Hor.: stante alqo, in jmds. Gegenwart, Cic. u. Tac.: me stante, Cic.: stantibus legatis, in Gegenwart d.G., Liv. – ad ianuam, ad curiam, Cic.: ad fores, Curt.: ante aedes, Plaut.: post aulaea, Curt.: in atriis, Plaut.: in conspectu exercitus, Curt.: cum gladiis in conspectu senatus, Cic.: circum senatum (v. Bürgern usw.), Cic.: propter in occulto, Cic.: stat super (oben darauf, auf dem Wagen), Ov.: hic foris, Plaut.: hinc procul, Ter.: qui proximi steterant, Caes. – Pass. impers., quid agitur? statur! Plaut. u. Ter. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: stabat in his (lucis) ingens quercus, Ov.: in cava nullus stet tibi nare pilus, Ov.: stant saxa antro, Ov.: stramenta stantia in segete re-
    ————
    linquit, ut postea subsecentur, Varro. – v. Altären u. Bildsäulen, stabant sine ignibus arae, Ov.: quorum statuae steterunt in rostris, Cic.: signa stant ad impluvium, Cic.: stabat commune sepulcrum, Hor.: aëneus (als eherne Bildsäule) ut stes, Hor.: levi de marmore tota stabis, wirst dastehen (als Bildsäule) aus M., Verg. – v. Webstuhle und dem Gewebe, aufrecht stehend, stans tela, Ov. met. 4, 275: stantes telae, Ov. fast. 3, 819.
    2) insbes.: a) als milit. t.t. – stehen, aufgestellt sein, laxius, Curt.: in ulteriore ripa, Curt.: ante signa, Curt.: pro porta (v. Posten), Liv.: extra teli iactum, Liv.: sub armis, Auct. b. Afr.: in acie, Auct. b. Hisp.: haud impari acie, Liv.: pars aciei stetit sub hoste (tiefer als der F.), Auct. b. Afr.: quotā parte virium suarum ibi dimicavit Antiochus? In Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires, Liv.: stetimus tela aspera contra contulimusque manus, Verg.: Bactriani armati stabant, Curt.: Eumenes rex Attalusque cum omni manu sua ab tergo inter postremam aciem ac vallum steterunt, Liv. – b) v. Dienern, dastehen, aufwarten, pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. fr.: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, Ter.: ad cyathum et vinum, Suet.: ad pedes, Suet. – c) v. Buhldirnen = prostare, feilstehen, meritoria (sc. scorta) intra urbem stare vetuit, Vopisc. Tac. 10, 2: stat meretrix certo cuivis mercabilis aere, Ov. am. 1, 10, 21: olente in fornice stans,
    ————
    Hor. sat. 1, 2, 30: quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis, Iuven. 10, 239; vgl. 11, 172. – d) von Gebäuden = fertig dastehen, erbaut sein, iam stabant Thebae, Ov.: stet Capitolium fulgens, Hor.: aedificant muros. Stabat opus, Ov.: iam stare ratem, Val. Flacc. – e) v. Schiffen u. Schiffern, wo liegen, vor Anker liegen, stant litore puppes, Verg.: lembi, qui in Strymone stabant, Liv.: stabat classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. b. Afr.: classe divisā pars in salo ad ostium portus in ancoris stetit, Liv.: intra sexagesimum diem quam caesa silva erat centum sexaginta navium classis in ancoris stetit, Flor.: nox ea, quā propter vim tempestatis stare ad ancoram in salo Romana classis non posset, Liv. – f) starrend stehen, emporstehen, -starren, -ragen, steteruntque comae, Verg. u. Ov.: crines fulti pulvere, Stat.: saetae, cristae, Ov.: stant mammae, Plin. – g) mit Abl. = von etwas starren, strotzen, vollstehen, -sein, cupressi stant rectis foliis, Enn. fr.: stat ager sentibus, Caecil. com. fr.: stat nive candidum Soracte, Hor.: pulvere caelum stare, Verg.: stant lumina flammā, Verg.
    B) bildl.: 1) im allg.: in fastigio eloquentiae, Quint.: ante oculos stat ille meos, Ov.: pericula stant circum alqm, Verg.
    2) auf jmds. Seite stehen, -sein, ihm anhangen, beistehen, od. das Gegenteil, gegen jmd. stehen, jmds. Gegner sein, a) mit ab u. Abl.: stare a se potius
    ————
    quam ab adversariis, Cic.: ab iis stare, Nep.: a senatu et a bonorum causa stare, Cic. – b) mit cum u. Abl.: vobiscum me stetisse dicebat, Cic.: quae (pars) cum Romanis stabat, Liv.: cum di prope cum Hannibale starent, Liv.: capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant, Liv.: übtr., fortuna cum barbaris stabat, Liv.: victoria stat tecum, Ov. – c) m. pro u. Abl.: pro nobis, Ov.: pro Iuba atque Afris, Quint.: pro Pompei partibus, id est pro re publica, Vell.: pro meliore causa, Curt.: pro isdem partibus, Sen.: ruina partium, pro quibus steterat, Liv. fr.: stabat pro templo, für den T. (als Schützer), er war der Tempelhüter, Verg.: übtr., si pro mea patria ista virtus staret, Liv.: ni pro iure gentium stetisset fortuna, Liv.: stabat pro partibus invicta fortuna, Flor.: stabit pro signis iusque piumque tuis, Ov. – d) m. in u. Abl.: Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant, Curt. 3, 11 (28), 18. – e) mit in od. contra od. adversus u. Akk., gew. im Ggstz. zu ab, cum, pro u. Abl.: nec steterunt in te virque paterque meus, Ov.: quod adversus populi commoda in senectute steterat, sich dem V. des V. widersetzt hatte, Nep.: cum saepe a mendacio contra verum stare homines consuescerent, Cic.: qui nobiscum adversus barbaros steterunt, Nep.: Ligarium non pro Cn. Pompeio, sed pro Iuba et Afris inimicissimis populo Romano stetisse, Quint.: Mulciber in Troiam, pro Troia stabat Apollo, Ov.: mox simulatione contra Pompeium et
    ————
    Caesarem, animo pro Caesare stetit, Vell.: quemadmodum Antiochi Philippique bello pro vobis adversus reges, sic nunc pro rege adversus vos stetimus, Liv.: cum quo ferocissime pro Romana societate adversus Punicum foedus steterat, Liv. – f) mit Advv.: hinc stas, illim causam dicis, Plaut. Men. 799: ut, unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret, Iustin. 5, 4, 12: prope incondita Thurinorum turba nec satis fido animo, unde pugnabat, stans, Liv. 25, 15, 13: unde ius stabat, ei (populo) victoriam dedit (eventus belli), Liv. 21, 10, 9: aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat, Liv. 24, 45, 3.
    3) auf jmd. od. etwas beruhen, m. in u. Abl. od. m. bl. Abl., omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis, Verg.: stat salus in armis, Val. Flacc.: vigili stant bella magistro, Sil.
    4) wie unser zu stehen kommen = kosten, centum talentis, Liv.: magno pretio, Hor.: alci gratis, Cic. Verr. 5, 48 (s. Zumpt z. St.). – übtr., multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv.: damnavit multo staturum sanguine Martem, Mart.: sanguine quippe, si renuat, blando nimium facilique marito statura obsequia, Sil.: nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit, Sen.: tunc res immenso placuit statura labore, Lucan.: haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit, Liv.: periculum vitae meae tuo stat periculo, wird erkauft, ist zu haben für usw., Plaut.: Her-
    ————
    culeo stabunt (logi ridiculi) prandio, cenā tibi, Plaut.
    II) prägn.: A) eig.: 1) im Ggstz. zur Bewegung = stillstehen, -halten, still-, unbeweglich dastehen, sich nicht rühren, a) eig.: α) v. leb. Wesen, si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul, Plaut.: sed abi intro, noli stare, Plaut.: quid stas lapis? Ter. – equus stare nescit, Verg.: ut taurus vaccā ademptā stare nequit, ruhen und rasten, Ov. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., wie v. Schiffen, videsne navem illam? stare nobis videtur, at iis qui in navi sunt moveri haec villa, Cic. Acad. 2, 81: stetit aequore puppis, Ov.: mea si staret navis in Oceano, still läge, Prop. – von Himmelskörpern, statim stant signa, Plaut. – von Gewässern und anderen Flüssigkeiten, stant aquae, Ov.: placidum ventis stat mare, Verg.: stantia freta, Ov.: stat et fracto dolio vinum, Sen.: gelidus in venis stetit haesitque sanguis, Sen. poët.: cuius ex levi tactu stabant profluvia sanguinis, Arnob. – vom Eis, stat glacies iners, Hor. – b) übtr., von der Zeit – gleichs. stillstehen, verweilen, non segnis stat remeatve dies, Tibull.: veluti stet volucris dies, Hor.
    2) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit, a) als milit. t.t. – α) stehen, festen Fuß fassen, standhalten, in gradu (auf der Mensur), Cic.: qui (miles) steterit (Ggstz. abiecto scuto fugiat), Cic.: in acie stare ac pugnare (Ggstz. in castra refugere), Liv.: verb. comminus stare et impetum sustinere, Caes.: contra leonem
    ————
    etiam stetit, Spart. – β) übtr., v. Kampfe selbst – stehen, auf einer Stelle haften, schweben, anceps dicitur certamen stetisse, soll ohne allen Ausschlag gestanden haben, Liv.: ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit, Liv.: diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit, Liv. – b) von Felsen, Gebäuden = fest, unerschütterlich stehen, dauern (vgl. Drak. Liv. 31, 31, 15), quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes, Verg.: nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit, Cic.: stantibus Hierosolymis, Cic.: muros stare, Liv.: stantia moenia (Ggstz. ruinae muri), Liv.: aedes sacrae stantes (Ggstz. aedium sacrarum ruinae), Sen. – c) v. Geschossen, fest stecken bleiben, haften, missum stetit inguine ferrum, Ov.: hasta stetit medio tergo, Ov.: ossa inter ferreus ad costas alto stat vulnere mucro, Verg.
    B) bildl.: 1) im allg., stillstehen, stehenbleiben, utinam res publica stetisset quo coeperat statu, Cic. de off. 2, 3: nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque secum vetustas, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 6.
    2) stare per alqm, durch jmds. Schuld gleichs. hangen bleiben = an jmd. hangen, liegen, jmds. Schuld sein, per me stetisse, Ter.: non per me stetit, Quint. – oft stat od. non (nihil) stat per alqm m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., Caes., Liv. u.a., od. stat per alqm m. folg. quin od. ne u. Konj., Liv., Suet. u.a. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 8, 2, 2. M. Müller Liv. 2, 31, 11. Ruperti Tac. dial. 21 extr.): u. per alqm stat m. folg. ut
    ————
    u. Konj., Plin. ep. 10, 6 (22), 2. Ps. Quint. decl. 250: per alqm non stat m. folg. Infin., Scaevol. dig. 32, 1, 38. § 6.
    3) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit u. Dauer = a) fest-, unerschüttert stehen, sich halten, sich behaupten, bestehen, verbleiben, Bestand haben (Ggstz. titubare, corruere, concĭdere), si stare non possunt, corruant, wenn sie sich nicht halten, sich nicht (bei ihren Vermögensumständen) behaupten können, so mögen sie fallen (bankrott werden), Cic.: qui me stante (solange ich mich in meiner Würde behauptete) stare non poterant, Cic.: per quos homines ordinesque steterim, Cic.: dum stabat regno incolumis, Verg.: stamus animis, sind festen Mutes, Cic.: stas animo, Hor.: quae si valuissent, res publica staret, tu tuis flagitiis concĭdisses, Cic.: res publica stat virtute suā, Liv.: regnum eorum novum fraternā stare concordiā, Liv.: tutelā muliebri res Latina et regnum avitum puero stetit, verblieb dem Kn., Liv.: stat nulla mortalibus umquam, fortunā titubante, fides, Sil.: nullo enim modo posse video stare istum (Caesarem) diutius, quin ipse per se etiam languentibus nobis concĭdat, Cic. ad Att. 10, 8, 6. – b) bei etw. festbleiben, α) = beharren, verharren, ihm nachkommen, an etw. sich halten bei etw. es bewenden lassen, m. in u. Abl., in fide, Cic.: in sententia, Liv.: stare oportet in eo, quod sit iudicatum, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., stant
    ————
    sententiā, Plaut.: suis stare iudiciis, Cic.: censoris opinione, Cic.: alcis iudicio, Cic.: alcis decreto, Caes.: illis promissis, Cic.: pacto, Liv.: ut palam in senatu diceret, staturus eo esset, quod censuissent, an ad populum laturus, Liv.: impers., eo stabitur consilio, Liv.: statur priore foedere, Liv. – mit Dat., arbitri sententiae, voluntati patris defuncti, ICt.: rei iudicatae, ICt. – β) übtr., feststehen = festgesetzt-, fest bestimmt-, fest beschlossen sein, stat sua cuique dies, Verg.: tempus agendae rei nondum stare, Liv.: u. so stat sententia, Ter.: stat pensata diu belli sententia, vincam servare invitos, Sil. – dah. stat alci sententia m. folg. Infin. = es steht bei jmd. der Entschluß-, der Wille fest, es ist bei jmd. fest beschlossen, zu usw., Liv.: so auch stat pectore fixum mit folg. Infin., Val. Flacc.: u. stat alci od. bl. stat mit folg. Infin., Cic. u.a. – c) v. Schauspielern u. Schauspielen, stehen = sich auf der Bühne halten, gefallen (Ggstz. cadere, exigi), in his, quas primum Caecilii didici novas, partim sum earum exactus, partim vix steti, Ter.: illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, hoc stabant, Hor. – cum stetit olim nova (fabula), actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā, Ter.: securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. – ⇒ Perf. stĕtĕrunt gemessen, Verg. Aen. 2, 774; 3, 48. Prop. 2, 8, 10 M. Ov. her. 7, 166. – Das Supinum statum will Prisc. 9, 38 mit langem a, dagegen 10, 27 mit kurzem a gemessen
    ————
    haben; stātūrus mißt Lucan. 2, 566 u. 719; 3, 381. Sil. 17, 82. Mart. 6, 32, 3. – vulg. Nbf. isto, wov. istat, Augustin. serm. 118, 4 Mai: istamus, Itala (Fuld.) Roman. 5, 2: istatis, Itala (psalt. Veron.) psalm. 133, 1: ista, Itala (Fuld.) Iacob. 2, 3: istare, Isid. de nat. rer. 44, 2 cod. Bamb. A.
    ————————
    2. stō, s. iste ⇒.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > sto

  • 17 fugio

    fŭgĭo, fūgi, fŭgĭtum ( gen. plur. part. sync. fugientum, Hor. C. 3, 18, 1; part. fut. fugiturus, Ov. H. 2, 47 al.), 3, v. n. and a. [root FUG; Gr. PHUG, pheugô; Sanscr. bhuj; syn.: flecto, curvo; v. fuga], to flee or fly, to take flight, run away.
    I.
    Neutr.
    A.
    Lit.:

    propera igitur fugere hinc, si te di amant,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 78; cf.:

    a foro,

    id. Pers. 3, 3, 31:

    senex exit foras: ego fugio,

    I am off, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 47:

    cervam videre fugere, sectari canes,

    id. Phorm. prol. 7:

    qui fugisse cum magna pecunia dicitur ac se contulisse Tarquinios,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

    Aeneas fugiens a Troja,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72:

    omnes hostes terga verterunt, nec prius fugere destiterunt, quam ad flumen Rhenum pervenerint,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 1:

    oppido fugit,

    id. B. C. 3, 29, 1:

    ex ipsa caede,

    to flee, escape, id. B. G. 7, 38, 3; cf.:

    ex proelio Mutinensi,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 1:

    e conspectu,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 107: Uticam, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 13: fenum habet in cornu;

    longe fuge,

    id. S. 1, 4, 34: nec furtum feci nec fugi, run away (of slaves), id. Ep. 1, 16, 46; cf.:

    formidare servos, Ne te compilent fugientes,

    id. S. 1, 1, 78; Sen. Tranq. 8.—

    Prov.: ita fugias ne praeter casam,

    i. e. in fleeing from one danger beware of falling into another, Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 3 Ruhnk. —
    b.
    In partic., like the Gr. pheugein, to become a fugitive, leave one's country, go into exile:

    fugiendum de civitate, cedendum bonis aut omnia perferenda,

    Quint. 6, 1, 19; so,

    ex patria,

    Nep. Att. 4, 4:

    a patria,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 66:

    in exilium,

    Juv. 10, 160; cf. under II. A. b.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., to pass quickly, to speed, to hasten away, flee away; cf.:

    numquam Vergilius diem dicit ire, sed fugere, quod currendi genus concitatissimum est,

    Sen. Ep. 108 med. (mostly poet. and of inanim. and abstr. things):

    tenuis fugiens per gramina rivus,

    Verg. G. 4, 19:

    Tantalus a labris sitiens fugientia captat Flumina,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 68:

    concidunt venti fugiuntque nubes,

    id. C. 1, 12, 30:

    spernit humum fugiente pennā,

    hasting away, rapidly soaring, id. ib. 3, 2, 24:

    nullum sine vulnere fugit Missile,

    Stat. Th. 9, 770:

    insequitur fugientem lumine pinum (i. e. navem),

    Ov. M. 11, 469:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    Lucr. 4, 389:

    fugiunt freno non remorante dies,

    Ov. F. 6, 772:

    sed fugit interea, fugit irreparabile tempus,

    Verg. G. 3, 284:

    annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40:

    hora,

    id. C. 3, 29, 48:

    aetas,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 7.—Of persons:

    evolat ante omnes rapidoque per aëra cursu Callaicus Lampon fugit,

    hastens away, Sil. 16, 335. Here perh. belongs: acer Gelonus, Cum fugit in Rhodopen atque in deserta Getarum, i. e. swiftly roves (as a nomade), Verg. G. 3, 462 (acc. to another explan., flees, driven from his abode).—
    b.
    Pregn., to vanish, disappear, to pass away, perish:

    e pratis cana pruina fugit,

    Ov. F. 6, 730:

    fugiunt de corpore setae,

    id. M. 1, 739; cf.:

    jam fessae tandem fugiunt de corpore vires,

    Verg. Cir. 447;

    for which: calidusque e corpore sanguis Inducto pallore fugit,

    Ov. M. 14, 755:

    fugerat ore color,

    id. H. 11, 27:

    nisi causa morbi Fugerit venis,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 15:

    fugiunt cum sanguine vires,

    Ov. M. 7, 859:

    amor,

    Prop. 1, 12, 12:

    memoriane fugerit in annalibus digerendis, an, etc.,

    Liv. 9, 44, 4:

    gratissima sunt poma, cum fugiunt,

    i. e. when they wilt, become wilted, Sen. Ep. 12; cf.: vinum fugiens, under P. a.—
    C.
    Trop. (rare but class.):

    nos naturam sequamur, et ab omni, quod abhorret ab oculorum auriumque approbatione, fugiamus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 35, 128; cf.: omne animal appetit quaedam et fugit a quibusdam;

    quod autem refugit, id contra naturam est, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Quint. 11, 1, 54:

    ad verba,

    to have recourse to, Petr. 132.
    II.
    Act., to flee from, seek to avoid; to avoid, shun any thing.
    A.
    Lit. (mostly poet.): erravi, post cognovi, et fugio cognitum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 160 Vahl.):

    cum Domitius concilia conventusque hominum fugeret,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 19, 2:

    neminem neque populum neque privatum fugio,

    Liv. 9, 1, 7:

    vesanum fugiunt poëtam qui sapiunt,

    Hor. A. P. 455:

    percontatorem,

    id. Ep. 1, 18, 69:

    hostem,

    id. S. 1, 3, 10:

    lupus me fugit inermem,

    id. C. 1, 22, 12:

    nunc et ovis ultro fugiat lupus,

    Verg. E. 8, 52:

    (Peleus) Hippolyten dum fugit abstinens,

    Hor. C. 3, 7, 18:

    scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus et fugit urbes,

    id. Ep. 2, 77; id. S. 1, 6, 126:

    data pocula,

    Ov. M. 14, 287; cf.

    vina,

    id. ib. 15, 323.— Pass.:

    sic litora vento Incipiente fremunt, fugitur cum portus,

    i. e. is left, Stat. Th. 7, 140. —
    b.
    In partic. (cf. supra, I. A. b.), to leave one's country:

    nos patriam fugimus,

    Verg. E. 1, 4:

    Teucer Salamina patremque cum fugeret,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 22.—Hence:

    quis exsul Se quoque fugit?

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 20.—
    2.
    Transf. (causa pro effectu), to flee away from, to escape, = effugio ( poet.;

    but cf. infra, B. 2.): hac Quirinus Martis equis Acheronta fugit,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 16:

    insidiatorem,

    id. S. 2, 5, 25:

    cuncta manus avidas fugient heredis,

    id. C. 4, 7, 19.—And in a poetically inverted mode of expression: nullum Saeva caput Proserpina fugit (= nemo tam gravis est, ad quem mors non accedat), none does cruel Proserpine flee away from, avoid (i. e. none escapes death), Hor. C. 1, 28, 20.—
    B.
    Trop., to flee from, avoid, shun (very freq. and class.):

    conspectum multitudinis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 30, 1:

    ignominiam ac dedecus,

    Cic. Rep. 5, 4:

    nullam molestiam,

    id. ib. 3, 5; cf.

    laborem,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 114; Verg. A. 3, 459 (opp. ferre):

    recordationes,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18:

    vituperationem tarditatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 101; cf.:

    majoris opprobria culpae,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 10:

    judicium senatus,

    Liv. 8, 33, 8:

    vitium,

    Quint. 2, 15, 16:

    hanc voluptatem (with reformidare),

    id. 8, 5, 32:

    disciplinas omnes (Epicurus),

    id. 2, 17, 15:

    nuptias,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 27; cf.:

    usum conjugis,

    Ov. M. 10, 565:

    conubia,

    id. ib. 14, 69:

    amplexus senis,

    Tib. 1, 9, 74:

    nec sequar aut fugiam, quae diligit ipse vel odit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 72:

    spondeum et dactylum (opp. sequi),

    Quint. 9, 4, 87.— Pass.:

    simili inscitiā mors fugitur, quasi dissolutio naturae,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

    quemadmodum ratione in vivendo fugitur invidia, sic, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 4, 38, 50:

    quod si curam fugimus, virtus fugienda est,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

    fugiendas esse nimias amicitias,

    id. ib. 13, 45:

    fugienda semper injuria est,

    id. Off. 1, 8, 25; id. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103:

    vitiosum genus fugiendum,

    id. Or. 56, 189; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 128:

    petenda ac fugienda,

    id. 3, 6, 49.—
    (β).
    Like the Gr. pheugein, with inf. (mostly poet.), to avoid doing something, to omit, forbear, beware, = omittere, cavere:

    illud in his rebus longe fuge credere, etc.,

    Lucr. 1, 1052:

    o fuge te tenerae puerorum credere turbae,

    Tib. 1, 4, 9:

    quid sit futurum cras, fuge quaerere,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 13; cf.

    also: fuge suspicari, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 22:

    mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis?

    Verg. A. 9, 200; cf. Ov. H. 9, 75:

    fugeres radice vel herbā Proficiente nihil curarier,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 150; cf.:

    neque illud fugerim dicere, ut Caelius, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153:

    huic donis patris triumphum decorare fugiendum fuit?

    id. Mur. 5, 11.—
    2.
    Transf. (causa pro effectu; cf. supra, II. A. 2.), to escape ( poet. also of things as subjects):

    tanta est animi tenuitas, ut fugiat aciem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 50; Ov. F. 2, 80:

    sed tamen admiror, quo pacto judicium illud Fugerit,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 100:

    quos viros vigilantia fugit,

    whom any vigilance escapes, Verg. G. 2, 265; cf. id. E. 9, 54.—
    b.
    Esp. freq., res me fugit, it escapes me, escapes my notice; I do not observe it, do not know it (cf.:

    latet, praeterit): novus ille populus vidit tamen id, quod fugit Lacedaemonium Lycurgum,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 12; cf.:

    illos id fugerat,

    id. Fin. 4, 23, 63:

    hominem amentem hoc fugit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27:

    quem res nulla fugeret,

    id. Rep. 2, 1:

    quae (ratio) neque Solonem Atheniensem fugerat, neque nostrum senatum,

    id. ib. 2, 34;

    1, 16: non fugisset hoc Graecos homines, si, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 59, 253:

    neminem haec utilitas fugit,

    Quint. 2, 5, 17:

    nisi quae me forte fugiunt, hae sunt fere de animo sententiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 107; 7, 1, 40:

    nullam rem esse declarant in usu positam militari, quae hujus viri scientiam fugere possit,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    quae (partitio) fugiet memoriam judicis,

    Quint. 4, 5, 3; cf. Gell. 1, 18, 6.—With a subject-clause:

    de Dionysio, fugit me ad te antea scribere,

    Cic. Att. 7, 18, 3; 5, 12, 3:

    illud alterum quam sit difficile, te non fugit,

    id. ib. 12, 42, 2.—Hence, fŭgĭens, entis, P. a., fleeing, fleeting, vanishing.
    A.
    Lit.:

    accipiter,

    Lucr. 3, 752:

    membra deficiunt, fugienti languida vitā,

    id. 5, 887:

    vinum,

    growing flat, spoiling, Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

    ocelli,

    dying, Ov. Am. 3, 9, 49:

    portus fugiens ad litora,

    running back, retreating, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 15.—
    2.
    Subst. in the later jurid. lang., like the Gr. ho pheugôn, the defendant:

    omnimodo hoc et ab actore et a fugiente exigi,

    Cod. Just. 2, 58, § 4 (for which, reus, § 7).—
    B.
    Trop., with gen.:

    nemo erat adeo tardus aut fugiens laboris, quin, etc.,

    averse to labor, indolent, Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 3:

    doloris,

    Lact. 3, 8, 13:

    solitudinis (with appeteus communionis ac societatis),

    id. 6, 10, 18.— Comp., sup., and adv. do not occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fugio

  • 18 parco

    parco, pĕperci, less freq. parsi (the former constantly in Cic. and Cæs., the latter ante-class. and post-Aug.: parcui, Naev. ap. Non. 153, 21, or Com. 69 Rib.; part. fut. parsurus, Liv. 26, 13, 16; Suet. Tib. 62:

    parciturus,

    Hier. Ep. 14, 2), parsum, and less correctly parcĭtum, 3, v. n. and a. [for sparco; Gr. sparnos, rare; cf. Engl. spare; but v. also paucus, parvus], to act sparingly, be sparing with respect to a thing, to spare; constr. usually with dat. or absol.; ante-class. also with acc.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Of things (rare but class.).
    (α).
    With dat.:

    nihil pretio parsit, filio dum parceret,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 32:

    operae meae,

    id. Mil. 4, 9, 3:

    te rogo sumptu ne parcas,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

    non parcam operae,

    id. ib. 13, 27, 1:

    nec impensae, nec labori, nec periculo parsurum,

    Liv. 35, 44:

    petit, ne cui rei parcat ad ea perficienda,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 5.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    frumentum se exigue dierum XXX. habere, sed paulo etiam longius tolerare posse parcendo,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4.— Poet.:

    parcens = parcus: parcentes ego dexteras Odi (= parcius administrantes vinum, flores, etc.),

    Hor. C. 3, 19, 21.—
    (γ).
    With acc. (ante-class. and poet.):

    oleas,

    Cato, R. R. 58:

    pecuniam,

    Plaut. Curc. 3, 11:

    argenti atque auri memoras quae multa talenta, Gnatis parce tuis,

    spare, reserve for your children, Verg. A. 10, 532 Serv.—Prov.:

    qui parcit virgae odit filium,

    Vulg. Prov. 13, 24.—
    B.
    Of persons, to spare, have mercy upon, forbear to injure or punish (eccl. and late Lat.), usually with dat.:

    non pepercisti filio tuo,

    Vulg. Gen. 22, 16; id. 2 Pet. 2, 4 et saep.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A. (α).
    With dat.:

    tibi parce,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 112:

    justitia autem praecipit, parcere omnibus, consulere generi hominum,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12: aedificiis omnibus publicis et privatis, id. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 120:

    amicitiis et dignitatibus,

    id. Or. 26, 89; id. Phil. 2, 24, 59:

    non aetate confectis, non mulieribus, non infantibus pepercerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    subjectis, sed debellare superbos,

    Verg. A. 6, 853:

    ne reliquis quidem nepotibus parsurus creditur,

    Suet. Tib. 62:

    alicujus auribus,

    i. e. to refrain from speaking on disagreeable topics, Cic. Quint. 12, 40; so,

    auribus et consuetudini,

    id. de Or. 3, 43, 170:

    valetudini,

    id. Fam. 11, 27, 1:

    famae,

    Prop. 1, 16, 11:

    oculis,

    i. e. to turn away one's eyes from an unpleasant sight, id. 4, 9, 35:

    luminibus,

    Tib. 1, 2, 33; Suet. Dom. 11:

    parcit Cognatis maculis similis fera,

    Juv. 15, 159.—
    (β).
    With in and acc. (ante-and post-class.):

    neque parcit in hostes,

    Lucr. 6, 399:

    parce in feminam,

    App. M. 1, p. 105, 39.—
    (γ).
    Absol. ( poet.):

    thyrso parcente ferit,

    i. e. lightly, Stat. Ach. 1, 572.—
    B.
    To abstain or refrain from doing a thing; to forbear, leave off, desist, stop, cease, let alone, omit (cf.: desino, mitto): meo labori non parsi, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Müll.; cf. Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 3; id. Pers. 2, 5, 11; so,

    neque parcetur labori,

    Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2:

    auxilio,

    to make no use of proffered assistance, id. Planc. 35, 86:

    lamentis,

    Liv. 6, 3:

    bello,

    abstain from, Verg. A. 9, 656:

    hibernis parcebant flatibus Euri,

    id. G. 2, 339:

    parce metu,

    cease from, id. A. 1, 257.—
    (β).
    With inf., to refrain, forbear (not in class. prose):

    visere opera tua,

    Cato, R. R. 1, 1:

    hancine ego vitam parsi perdere,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 2:

    proinde parce, sis, fidem ac jura societatis jactare,

    Liv. 34, 32:

    parcite, oves, nimium procedere,

    Verg. E. 3, 94:

    pias scelerare manus,

    id. A. 3, 42:

    defundere vinum,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 58:

    ne parce dare,

    id. C. 1, 28, 23:

    parce postea paupertatem cuiquam objectare,

    App. Mag. 23, p. 289, 3; Aug. Ep. 43, 24:

    ori,

    to refrain from speaking, Vulg. Job, 7, 11.—
    * (γ).
    With acc.:

    parcito linguam in sacrificiis dicebatur, i. e. coërceto, contineto, taceto,

    Fest. p. 222 Müll.—
    * (δ).
    With ab, to desist from:

    precantes, ut a caedibus et ab incendiis parceretur,

    Liv. 25, 25, 6; so with abl. alone:

    caede,

    Aus. Epigr. 130, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > parco

  • 19 vicis

    vĭcis (as a gen.; the nom. does not occur), vicem, vice; in plur., vices (nom. and acc.) and vicibus (dat. and abl.), f. [cf. Gr. eikô, to yield; root Wik-; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 135], change, interchange, alternation, alternate or reciprocal succession, vicissitude (the gen. not ante-Aug.; the other cases class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; for which, in class. prose, vicissitudo).
    (α).
    Sing.: ignotus juvenum coetus alternā vice Inibat alacris, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 151 Vahl.):

    hac vice sermonum,

    conversation, Verg. A. 6, 535:

    vice sermonis,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 79; cf. in the foll. b:

    deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice,

    Hor. Epod. 13, 8:

    solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

    id. C. 1, 4, 1:

    commoti Patres vice fortunarum humanarum,

    Liv. 7, 31, 6: dum Nox vicem peragit, performs the exchange, i. e. alternales with day, Ov. M. 4, 218:

    ridica contingens vitem mutuā vice sustinetur et sustinet,

    Col. 4, 16:

    versā vice,

    reversely, Dig. 43, 29, 3; App. Dogm. Plat. p. 32, 6; id. Flor. p. 363; Just. 6, 5, 11 al.—
    (β).
    Plur.:

    plerumque gratae divitibus vices Mundaeque parvo sub Lare pauperum Cenae,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 13:

    et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices,

    Quint. 9, 2, 14:

    loquendi,

    id. 6, 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 10, 35:

    ipsius lectionis taedium vicibus levatur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4:

    habet has vices condicio mortalium, ut adversa ex secundis, ex adversis secunda nascantur,

    Plin. Pan. 5 fin.:

    spatium diei noctis excipiunt vices,

    Phaedr. 2, 8, 10:

    haec quoque non perstant... Quasque vices peragant... docebo,

    what vicissitudes they undergo, Ov. M. 15, 238:

    mutat terra vices,

    renews her changes, Hor. C. 4, 7, 3:

    perque vicis modo Persephone! modo Filia! clamat,

    alternately, Ov. F. 4, 483; so,

    per vicis,

    id. M. 4, 40; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

    per vices annorum,

    i. e. every other year, id. 12, 14, 30, § 54:

    cur vicibus factis convivia ineant,

    alternately, by turns, Ov. F. 4, 353.—
    2.
    Adverb.: in vicem (also freq. one word, invĭcem; and less freq. vicem, in vices, or per vices), by turns, alternately, one after the other, mutually, reciprocally.
    a.
    In vicem: bibenda aqua: postero die etiam vinum: deinde in vicem alternis diebus modo aqua modo vinum, Cels. 3, 2 med.:

    reliqui, qui domi manserunt, se atque alios alunt: hi rursus in vicem anno post in armis sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 1:

    propter vicinitatem simul eramus invicem,

    Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; Quint. 11, 3, 168:

    multis invicem casibus victi victoresque,

    Liv. 2, 44, 12:

    non comisantium in vicem more jam diu vivimus inter nos,

    id. 40, 9, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    in vicem inter se gratantes,

    id. 9, 43, 17:

    inque vicem tua me, te mea forma capit,

    Ov. H. 17, 180; id. M. 6, 631; 8, 473; Verg. G. 3, 188; Hor. S. 1, 3, 141 al.—
    b.
    Vicem:

    ut unus fasces haberet, et hoc insigne regium suam cujusque vicem, per omnes iret,

    Liv. 3, 36, 3; cf. id. 1, 9, 15.—
    c.
    In vices ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    inque vices illum tectos qui laesit amores, Laedit amore pari,

    Ov. M. 4, 191; 12, 161; Tac. G. 26 Halm.—
    d.
    Per vices (post-Aug. and very rare):

    quod ipsum imperari per vices optimum est,

    Quint. 2, 4, 6 Halm.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A time, turn (late Lat.; cf. Orell. ad Hor. C. 4, 14, 13):

    ager tertiā vice arabitur,

    Pall. 10, 1:

    tribus per diem vicibus,

    id. 1, 3 fin.; cf.:

    tesserulas in medium vice suā quisque jaciebamus,

    Gell. 18, 13, 1:

    vice quādam,

    once, Sid. Ep. 7, 1; Aus. Pan. Grat. Aug. 4.—
    2.
    Reciprocal behavior or conduct, i. e. return, requital, reciprocal service, recompense, remuneration, retaliation (rare but class.):

    recito praedicationem amplissimi beneficii, vicem officii praesentis,

    Cic. Sest. 4, 10:

    tanto proclivius est injuriae quam beneficio vicem exsolvere,

    Tac. H. 4, 3; Prop. 1, 13, 10:

    redde vicem meritis,

    Ov. Am. 1, 6, 23:

    non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

    id. A. A. 1, 370; cf.:

    dejecit acer plus vice simplici (i. e. non tantam solum cladem illis intulit quantam ipsi dederant, sed duplum, Schol.),

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 13 Orell. ad loc.— Plur.:

    spernentem sperne, sequenti Redde vices,

    Ov. M. 14, 36:

    neque est ullus affectus... qui magis vices exigat,

    Plin. Pan. 85, 3.—
    3.
    The changes of fate, fate, hap, lot, condition, fortune, misfortune:

    mihi uni necesse erit et meam et aliorum vicem pertimescere?

    Cic. Dom. 4, 8:

    indignando et ipse vicem ejus,

    Liv. 40, 23, 1:

    tacite gementes tristem fortunae vicem,

    Phaedr. 5, 1, 6; cf.:

    vicem suam conquestus est,

    Suet. Aug. 66:

    convertere humanam vicem,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 88:

    publicā vice commoveri,

    Quint. 11, 1, 42; cf. id. 4, 1, 33.— Plur.:

    fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 32:

    testor in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas Vitavisse vices Danaūm,

    dangers, contests, Verg. A. 2, 433.—
    II.
    Transf., the position, place, room, stead, post, office, duty of one person or thing as assumed by another (the usual signif. of the word):

    heredum causa justissima est: nulla est enim persona, quae ad vicem ejus, qui e vitā emigrarit, propius accedat,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    ego succedens in vicem imperii tui,

    Liv. 38, 48, 7:

    ipse in locum vicemque consulis provolat,

    id. 3, 18, 9:

    postquam (Juppiter) te dedit, qui erga omne humanum genus vice suā fungereris,

    stand in the place of, represent, Plin. Pan. 80, 6:

    fungar vice cotis,

    Hor. A. P. 304:

    per speciem alienae fungendae vicis opes suas firmavit,

    Liv. 1, 41, 6:

    ne sacra regiae vicis desererentur,

    id. 1, 20, 2:

    vestramque meamque vicem explete,

    Tac. A. 4, 8 fin.:

    cujus... ego vicem debeo inplere,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 6:

    (Manus) adverbiorum atque pronominum obtinent vicem,

    Quint. 11, 3, 87:

    in ordine vicis suae,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.— Plur.: non ad suum pertinere officium rati, quando divisae professionum vices essent, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 4.—
    2.
    Adverb.
    a.
    Vicem, with the gen. or a pers. pron., in the place of, instead of, on account of, for, for the sake of:

    eri vicem meamque,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11:

    qui hodie sese excruciari meam vicem possit pati,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 24:

    vos respondetote istinc istarum vicem,

    id. Rud. 3, 5, 34:

    tuam vicem saepe doleo,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3:

    suam vicem indignantem magistratu abisse,

    Liv. 2, 31, 11: remittimus hoc tibi, ne nostram vicem irascaris. id. 34, 32, 6:

    sollicito consuli... eorum vicem quos, etc.,

    id. 44, 3, 5:

    rex, vicem eorum quos ad tam manifestum periculum miserat,

    Curt. 7, 11, 20:

    maestus non suam vicem, sed propter, etc.,

    id. 7, 2, 5: cum Pompeius aedem Victoriae dedicaturus foret, cujus gradus vicem theatri essent, Tiro Tull. ap. [p. 1987] Gell. 10, 1, 7:

    quoniam res familiaris obsidis vicem esse apud rempublicam videbatur,

    Gell. 16, 10, 11.—
    (β).
    Sometimes in a more general sense, after the manner of, like:

    Sardanapali vicem in suo lectulo mori,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 7: ceteri vicem pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 497, 26; cf. the foll.—
    b.
    Vice, instead of, for, on account of:

    in pane salis vice utuntur nitro,

    Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 115:

    temonis vice trahitur,

    Col. 6, 2, 7:

    murum urbi cocto latere circumdedit, harenae vice bitumine interstrato,

    Just. 1, 2, 7:

    exanimes vice unius,

    Liv. 1, 25, 6:

    senatus vice populi,

    Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5.—
    (β).
    In a more general sense (cf. the preced. numbers), after the manner of, like:

    jactari se passa fluctu algae vice,

    Plin. 9, 45, 68, § 147:

    moveri periclitantium vice possumus,

    Quint. 6, 2, 35:

    diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumagi,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    quaeque dixerat, oracli vice accipiens,

    Tac. A. 6, 21 fin.:

    ut deorum vice mortuos honorarent,

    like gods, Lact. 4, 28 fin.:

    vice navium,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 47, 22:

    vice pecudum occidi,

    Lact. 5, 10, 6:

    vice imbellium proculcati,

    Dict. Cret. 3, 24.—
    c.
    In vicem, instead of, for, in place of:

    potest malleolus protinus in vicem viviradicis conseri,

    Col. 3, 14, 3:

    defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 85:

    in omnium vicem regni unius insatiabilis amor Successit,

    Liv. 40, 8, 18:

    missis in vicem eorum quinque milibus sociorum,

    id. 31, 11, 3; Col. 5, 6, 1; so dat. vici, Quint. Decl. 6, 4.—
    d.
    Ad vicem, instead of, for:

    ad tegularum et imbricum vicem,

    Plin. 36, 22, 44, § 159:

    ad vicem solis cinis calidus subjectus,

    Pall. 4, 10 fin.; 3, 28;

    very rarely, ad invicem,

    Veg. Vet. 2, 7 fin. —
    (β).
    In a more general sense (cf. in the preced. numbers a. and b.), after the manner of, like:

    majores natu a majoribus colebantur ad deum prope ad parentum vicem,

    Gell. 2, 15, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vicis

  • 20 addo

    ad-do, didī, ditum, ere
    1)
    а) добавлять, прибавлять ( in vinum aquam Cato); присоединять ( injuriae contumeliam Ph)
    a. gradum (sc. gradui) Pl, L etc. — прибавлять шагу
    a. cursum Pt — ускорить бег
    adde (huc, istuc, eo, eodem) L, C etc. — добавь (к этому), т. е. к тому же
    addito tempore T и addita aetate PM — со временем, с течением времени
    a. aliquem Trojae periturae V — обречь кого-л. на гибель вместе с Троей
    б) мат. прибавлять, складывать
    2) придавать, приставлять ( alicui custodem Pl)
    4) вкладывать ( epistulas in eumdem fasciculum C); накладывать, наваливать ( stercus ad radīcem Cato)
    5) давать (nomina rebus O; cognomen alicui V)
    a. calcar (calcaria) alicui H, PJ — пришпоривать, перен. подбадривать, поощрять кого-л.
    virgas alicui a. L — сечь кого-л. розгами
    moras alicui rei a. V — замедлить что-л.
    finem alicui rei a. Sil, Cld — положить конец чему-л.
    manūs alicujus in vincla a. O — наложить оковы на чьи-л. руки
    a. in arma manus O — браться за оружие, воевать
    6) усиливать, внушать, прибавлять (iram O; ardorem V)
    strenuis vel ignavis spem metumque a. T — храбрым внушить надежду, а на малодушных навести страх

    Латинско-русский словарь > addo

Страницы

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