vino+dulce

bĭbo, bĭbi (post-class. part. fut. bĭbĭtūrus, Hier. Isa. 8, 25, 8; Vulg. Matt. 20, 22; id. Act. 23, 12; Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1; part. perf. bĭbĭtus, a, um, Cael. Aur. Chron. 4, 3, 60; Capitol. Ver. 5, 3; Aem. Mac. c. de Porro; Plin. Val. 2, 18; inf. apocop. biber, Cato, Titin., and Fannii Annal. ap. Charis. p. 99), 3, v. a. [root bi; Gr. pi-, pinô, pepôka; whence Lat. poto, as if from po; Sanscr. pī; Slav. piti; Lith. pota], to drink (usually from thirst, a natural want; poto, to drink from passion, habit, etc.; but poto is occasionally used of water, etc., e. g. Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179; cf.:

bibere naturae est, potare luxuriae,

Isid. Diff. 1. 74; and the partt. potus and potatus are regularly used instead of the partt. of bibo).

With acc.

Of the liquid drunk:

per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

Cato, R. R. 73:

jejunus heminam bibito,

id. ib. 126:

si voles vinum Choum bibere, licebit bibas,

id. ib. 48: eapse merum condidicit bibere;

foribus dat aquam quam bibant,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4:

vicit vinum quod bibi,

Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 1:

Darius in fugā cum aquam turbidam bibisset,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97:

patrono malo suadebat ut mulsum frigidum biberet,

id. de Or. 2, 70, 282:

viveret, nisi illud (i. e. venenum) bibisset,

Quint. 8, 5, 31:

bibo aquam,

id. 6, 3, 93:

cur apud te vinum aetate tuā vetustius bibitur?

Sen. Vit. Beat. 17, 2:

nisi Hy. mettia mella Falerno Ne biberis diluta,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 15:

et Veientani bibitur faex crassa rubelli,

Mart. 1, 103, 9:

lac bibere,

to suck, Ov. Am. 3, 10, 22; id. M. 9, 377; 9, 615.—Also nutricem bibere (i. e. lac de nutrice), App. M. 2, p. 115, 29.— Poet.;

Caecubam... Tu bibes uvam (i. e. vinum),

Hor. C. 1, 20, 10:

in usu radix tantum duabus drachmis bibenda (i. e. sucus radicis),

Plin. 25, 6, 30, § 67.—

Pocula or cyathos bibere.

Poet., = vinum (cf. pinein kratêras):

tristia cum multo pocula felle bibat,

Tib. 1, 5, 50:

ipse bibebam Sobria suppositā pocula victor aquā,

id. 1, 6, 28:

plura pocula = plus vini,

id. 1, 9, 59; so,

nomismata and aera,

id. 1, 26, 3.—

Of the number of cups drunk at a merry-making: vide quot cyathos bibimus: St. Tot quot digiti sunt tibi in manu, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 24.—Esp. of the custom of drinking names, i. e. as many cups as there are letters in a name proposed; the number is frequently expressed by fractional parts of the as (uncia = a cyathus;

quincunx = 5 cyathi, etc.): quincunces et sex cyathos bessemque bibamus, Gaius ut fiat, Julius, et Proculus,

Mart. 11, 36, 7:

crebros ergo licet bibas trientes,

id. 1, 106, 8:

diluti bibis unciam Falerni,

id. v. 3 (cf. with potare:

sextantes et deunces,

id. 12, 28).—Hence, nomen bibere, Julium, etc., bibere:

ut jugulem curas, nomen utrumque bibam,

Mart. 8, 57, 26:

Laevia sex cyathis, septem Justina bibatur, Quinque Lycas, Lyde quattuor, Ida tribus,

id. 1, 71, 1 sq.:

Astyanacta bibes,

id. 8, 6, 16.—

Fluvium, undam, pruinas bibere ( poet.).

= aquam ex flumine bibere:

priusquam Pabula gustassent Trojae Xanthumque bibissent,

Verg. A. 1, 473:

jam crassus torrens bibitur tamen,

Stat. Th. 4, 821:

puram bibis amnibus undam,

Claud. Laud. Herc. 74.—

Trop., to arrive at the region of the river:

non illum nostri possunt mutare labores, Nec si... Hebrumque bibamus Sithoniasque nives... subeamus (i. e. si Thraciam adeamus),

Verg. E. 10, 65:

ante... Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tigrim Quam, etc.,

sooner will the Parthians come to Germany, or the Germans to the country of the Parthians, id. ib. 1, 63:

turbaque Phasiacam Graia bibistis aquam,

Ov. H. 12, 10.—Hence,

Qui flumen bibunt, = the inhabitants of the country through which the river passes:

qui Tiberim Fabarimque bibunt,

Verg. A. 7, 715:

qui profundum Danubium bibunt,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 21:

qui Nilum ex ipso protinus ore bibunt,

Mart. 7, 88, 6:

populosque bibentes Euphraten,

Luc. 8, 213:

qui te, Nile, bibit, Claud. Prob. et Olybr. 38.—So of an inland sea: caesamque bibens Maeotin Alanus,

Claud. in Rufin. 1, 812.—Of a single person:

extremum Tanaim si biberes, Lyce,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 1.—Similarly, montium pruinas bibere, of the rivers fed by a mountain range:

amniumque... quicunque Odrysias bibunt pruinas,

Mart. 10, 7, 2: fluvios qui... Alpinasque bibunt de more pruinas, Claud. Prob. et Olybr. 255.—

Bibere aquas, to be drowned:

neu bibat aequoreas naufragus hostis aquas,

Ov. H. 7, 62.— Transf., of ships, to founder, to be wrecked: o utinam... Argo funestas pressa bibisset aquas! Ov. Am. 2, 11, 6.—

Sanguinem or cruorem bibere.

Sanguinem, in a figurative sense, = sanguinem sitire:

cujus sanguinem (Antonium) non bibere censeatis? (sitire, animo bibere),

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 10.—

Cruorem bibere, to draw blood, to kill:

hasta virgineum alte bibit acta cruorem,

Verg. A. 11, 803; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 78.—

Transf. to things other than liquids.

Of concrete things: dixit et ardentes avido bibit ore favillas, breathed in, drew in (of the sparks of a funeral pyre), Mart. 1, 42, 5:

vigilandae noctes et fuligo lucubrationum bibenda,

inhale, Quint. 11, 3, 23.—

Figuratively, of abstract things.

= cupideaudire, legere:

pugnas et exactos tyrannos... bibit aure vulgus,

eagerly listens to, Hor. C. 2, 13, 32:

incipe: suspensis auribus ista bibam,

Prop. 3, 4, 8: hinc ille justitiae haustus bibat, imbibe (by reading) the love of justice, Quint. 12, 2, 31: illa divino fruitur sermone parentis, maternosque bibit mores, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 231.—

To imbibe, be affected with:

infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem,

Verg. A. 1, 749:

totisque novum bibit ossibus ignem,

the fire of love, Stat. Achill. 1, 303.—

To draw out, exhaust: nudae illae artes omnem sucum ingenii bibunt, Quint. prooem. 24.—

To swallow, i. e. forget:

quamquam ego vinum bibo, mandata hau consuevi simul bibere una,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 3. —

Transf., of inanim. subjects, to absorb liquids, draw, imbibe them:

id si feceris metreta oleum non bibet,

Cato, R. R. 100. —So trop.:

claudite jam rivos... sat prata biberunt,

Verg. E. 3, 111:

inriguumque bibant violaria fontem,

id. G. 4, 32:

quae (terra) bibit humorem,

absorbs moisture, id. ib. 2, 218:

amphora fumum bibere instituta,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 11:

mista bibunt molles lacrimis unguenta favillae,

Ov. F. 3, 561:

tunc bibit irriguus fertilis hortus aquas,

Tib. 2, 1, 44:

lanarum nigrae nullum colorem bibunt,

take no color, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 193; so,

candorem (i. e. colorem candidum) bibere,

id. 31, 11, 47, § 123: arcus bibit (aquas) and nubes bibunt (aquas), the rainbow, the clouds draw water (according to a popular belief among the ancients):

cur bibit arcus aquas?

Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 32:

et bibit ingens Arcus,

Verg. G. 1, 380.—And, jestingly, of an old woman given to drink: ecce autem, bibit arcus;

hercle, credo, hodie pluet,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 39 (44):

unde aures nubesque bibunt atque imbrifer arcus,

Stat. Th. 9, 405.—So with object understood:

bibite, festivae fores,

with reference to the wine spilled, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 88:

palma toto anno bibere amat, i. e. aquam,

Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 28.—

Absol. (the obj. acc. understood).

Sc. aquam:

nec sitis est exstincta priusquam vita bibendo (of those seized by the plague),

Ov. M. 7, 569.—

Of liquids in general:

numquam sitiens biberat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97:

edendi mihi erit bibendique finis desideria naturae restinguere,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

ut nec bibant sine ambitione, nec edant,

id. ib. 12, 5:

conducit inter cibos bibere,

Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 41:

vino debemus homines quod soli animalium non sitientes bibimus,

id. 23, 1, 23, § 42.—

Esp. of wine:

es, bibe, animo obsequere mecum,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 82:

quamquam illud est dulce, esse et bibere,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 37:

jam diu factum postquam bibimus: nimis diu sicci sumus,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 45; id. Poen. 4, 2, 13:

decet luxuriosum bibendo mori,

Quint. 8, 5, 23:

ut jejuni biberent,

Plin. 14, 28 med. — Pass. impers. bibitur, they drink, he drinks, people drink:

dies noctisque estur, bibitur,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 78:

ab tertiā horā bibebatur, ludebatur, vomebatur,

Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 104:

bibitur usque eo dum de solio ministretur,

id. Pis. 27, 67.—

With adverbs or adverbial phrases.

Of manner:

jucundius bibere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97; id. Att. 13, 52, 1:

large,

Plin. 10, 34, 52, § 105:

fit invitatio ut Graeco more biberetur, i. e. propinando,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66.—

With num. adv. denoting the number of cups:

jam bis bibisse oportuit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 122:

sic ago, semel bibo,

id. Rud. 3, 6, 46:

plus quam deciens, Sextiliane, bibis,

Mart. 1, 26, 10:

quare bis deciens, Sextiliane bibis?

id. 1, 11, 2.—

With abl. or prep. and abl.

Of the liquid, river, etc.:

de eo vino... bibito ante cenam,

Cato, R. R. 114: a fonte bibatur... [p. 236] an lacu, Mart. 9, 99, 9:

ab amne,

id. 12, 11:

ex aquā,

Prop. 2, 30, 32:

ex fonte,

id. 4, 4, 14.—

Of the vessel.

Abl.:

gemmā, i. e. poculo ex gemmā facto,

Verg. G. 2, 506:

caelato = e poculo caelato,

Juv. 12, 47:

conchā,

id. 6, 304:

fictilibus,

id. 10, 25:

testā,

Mart. 3, 82, 3:

vitro,

id. 1, 37, 2; 4, 85, 1:

ossibus humanorum capitum,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 12.—And bibere understood:

poscunt majoribus poculis, i. e. bibi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66.—

With ex: ex solido auro, L. Varius ap. Macr. 6, 1:

e gemmā,

Prop. 3, 3, 26.—

With in:

hac licet in gemmā bibas,

Mart. 14, 120:

in Priami calathis,

id. 8, 6, 16:

in auro,

Sen. Thyest. 453:

in argento potorio,

Dig. 34, 12, 21:

in ossibus capitum,

Flor. 3, 4, 2.—

Particular phrases.

Bibe si bibis = bibe nunc, si omnino bibere vis, a formula urging to drink, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 33; 5, 4, 51 (cf.:

age, si quid agis,

id. ib. 5, 4, 35).—

Dare bibere, to give to drink, a Grecism, perh. only in the foll. passages: date illi biber, Titin ap. Charis. p. 99 P. (Com. Rel. v. 78 Rib.):

jubebat biber dari, Fann. Ann. ib: bibere da usque plenis cantharis,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 40 (45):

quod jussi ei dari bibere,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 4; cf.:

ut Jovi bibere ministraret,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65:

ut bibere sibi juberet dari,

Liv. 40, 47, 5: cf.: dare with subj.:

tum vos date bibat tibicini,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 16.—And with rel. and subj.:

nimium dabat quod biberem,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 19:

dat aquam quam bibant,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 4.—

Prov.:

aut bibat aut abeat, taken from the Greek banquets, in which the chairman (arbiter bibendi,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 25) could demand unconditional submission to the drinking laws (ê pithi, ê apithi), Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 118.

bĭbo, ōnis, m. [1. bibo], a tippler, drunkard, Firm. Math. 5, 4 fin. —

Esp., a kind of worm bred in wine, Afran. ap. Isid. Orig. 12, 8, 16 (Com. Rel. v. 406 Rib.; al. bibiones).

prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. poti and pot with pros), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. pro; cf.: proteros, prôtos, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc. ], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.

Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut.

Pro quam, in proportion as, just as:

nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus,

Lucr. 2, 1137. —

Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.):

compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto,

id. Att. 11, 6 fin.:

id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur,

Liv. 38, 50:

prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est,

id. 38, 40 fin. —With a corresp. ita:

ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret,

Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt,

Cels. 4, 4, 5:

prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—

Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.:

PRO SALVTEM SVAM,

Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.

Lit., of place:

sedens pro aede Castoris,

Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27:

praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 32:

pro castris copias habere,

id. ib. 7, 66:

pro castris dimicare,

id. ib. 5, 16:

pro oppido,

id. ib. 7, 71:

pro opere consistere,

Sall. J. 92, 9:

castra pro moenibus locata,

Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17:

pro muro,

id. 30, 10:

pro castris explicare aciem,

id. 6, 23:

pro vallo,

Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion:

Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit,

before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito,

before your feet, App. Mag. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—

In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in:

pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio,

Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and:

pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris,

id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so,

pro tribunali,

id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly:

laudatus pro contione Jugurtha,

Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1:

pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos,

Liv. 7, 7:

fortes viros pro contione donantis,

Curt. 10, 5, 10:

pro contione litteras recitare,

id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.:

pro contione palam utrumque temptavit,

Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: [p. 1448] 4, 5, 11; cf.:

pro comitio,

Suet. Aug. 43:

uti pro consilio imperatum erat,

in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.:

supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit,

Liv. 38, 36:

pontifices pro collegio decrevisse,

Gell. 11, 3, 2:

pro collegio pronuntiare,

Liv. 4, 26, 9:

suas simultates pro magistratu exercere,

id. 39, 5:

pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat,

before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30:

legionem pro ripā componere,

id. ib. 12, 29:

velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant,

in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so,

pro muris,

id. A. 2, 81:

ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere,

standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—

Transf.

To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum):

veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60; cf.:

hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,

id. Clu. 32, 88:

difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus,

Sen. Prov. 3, 2:

haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent,

Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum,

Cic. Sest. 2, 3:

omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum,

id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā,

id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2:

pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,

id. ib. 4, 1, 14:

spondere levi pro paupere,

id. A. P. 423:

urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant,

Sall. J. 88, 4:

nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc.,

Tac. Agr. 12:

et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere,

id. 39, 30, 3:

pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos... erant: contra, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—

With the notion of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for.

In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10:

ego pro te molam,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 29; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc.,

id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.:

libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,

id. ib. 45, 154:

pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,

id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70:

pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc.,

Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.:

pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc.,

Liv. 22, 1, 2.—

Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute' pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, proprœtor, proquœstor, vice-director:

cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.:

cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule,

instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat),

id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11' cf.:

litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc.,

id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—

So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for:

tres minas pro istis duobus dedi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; id. Aul. 3, 3, 8:

pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 17:

dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351:

pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari,

Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum,

Liv. 7, 19, 3:

vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date,

Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21:

pro crimine poenas,

Ov. Ib. 621.—

Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as:

pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24:

sese ducit pro adulescentulo,

id. Stich. 3, 1, 65; id. Cist. 1, 3, 24:

hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo,

as my own, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 23:

Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus,

whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:

Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5:

P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est,

id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109:

cum pro damnato mortuoque esset,

as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:

negotia pro solatiis accipiens,

Tac. A. 4, 13:

consuli pro hostibus esse,

Liv. 43, 5, 4:

adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,

as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—

Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same:

ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque ( ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1:

pro eo ac si concessum sit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset,

Dig. 28, 1, 22:

pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit,

ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because:

pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā,

Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv 38, 49 fin. —

On account of, for the sake of:

dolor pro patriā,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā,

id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro):

dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 43:

aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate,

Cic. de Or 1, 55, 234:

pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit,

Suet. Aug. 57:

cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt,

Tac. A. 4, 17:

pro bono (= bene),

Sall. J. 22, 4.—

Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.:

meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit,

according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133:

tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 71: pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.):

facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8:

agere pro viribus,

Cic. Sen. 9, 27:

aliquem pro dignitate laudare,

id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:

proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit,

Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority:

quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat,

Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily:

nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum,

id. 2, 56, 12 ' hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:

pro tuā prudentiā,

Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2:

cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:

quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus:

pro se quisque,

each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.:

pro tempore et pro re,

according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

pro facultatibus,

Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as:

eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda,

Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58:

equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo,

id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.

pro-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.

prō (less correctly prōh), interj., an exclamation of wonder or lamentation, O! Ah! Alas! (class.).

With nom.:

proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 3, 17; id. Eun. 3, 5, 2; id. Ad. 1, 2, 31; cf.:

pro supreme Juppiter,

id. ib. 2, 1, 42:

pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam!

id. ib. 3, 3, 12:

pro di immortales,

id. ib. 3, 4, 1; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

pro curia inversique mores!

Hor. C. 3, 5, 7:

pro scelus,

Mart. 2, 46, 8.—

Parenthet.:

pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui,

Ov. M. 13, 758:

et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt,

id. H. 3, 98:

tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus,

Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—

With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; cf.:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

id. And. 1, 5, 2; 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium!

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 4:

pro deum atque hominum,

id. Hec. 2, 1, 1:

pro fidem deum! facinus foedum,

id. Eun. 5, 4, 21.—

With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin.

tempĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror, Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. [tempus].

Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).

Lit.:

nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

id. Rep. 6, 18, 18:

ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit,

id. Univ. 7:

tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum,

id. N. D. 3, 14, 36:

aes conflare et temperare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

ferrum,

id. 34, 14, 41, § 145:

herbas,

Ov. F. 5, 402:

acetum melle,

Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114:

vinum,

id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7:

venenum,

Suet. Ner. 2 fin.:

unguentum,

Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18:

collyrium,

id. 27, 10, 59, § 83:

colores,

id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.:

ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores,

id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.:

vitis solem umbra temperans,

Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1:

scatebrisque arentia temperat arva,

i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so,

arva (Galesus),

Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.—

Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order:

rem publicam institutis et legibus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

constituere et temperare civitates,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit,

id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.:

qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 16:

terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere),

id. ib. 3, 4, 45:

mare,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1:

aequor,

Verg. A. 1, 146:

orbem,

Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869:

arces aetherias,

id. ib. 15, 859:

undas,

id. ib. 12, 580:

ratem,

id. ib. 13, 366:

solus id navigii genus temperans,

Vell. 2, 107:

omnia pretio temperata,

id. 2, 60:

senem delirum,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 71:

ora frenis,

id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.:

genius qui natale temperat astrum,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 187:

annum,

id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13:

caeli fulgura,

Cic. Leg. 8, 21:

fortunam suo arbitrio,

Petr. 137.— Poet.:

carmen impositis articulis,

i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.:

testudinis aureae strepitum,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 18:

Musam pede Archilochi,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.:

citharam nervis,

i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.—

Trop.

To regulate, rule, etc.:

non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.:

cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet,

id. Phil. 12, 11, 26:

quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis,

id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65:

ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi,

id. Or. 58, 197; so,

joined with miscere,

id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.:

at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt,

id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176:

iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare,

id. Marcell. 3, 8:

amara lento Temperet risu,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34:

(Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras,

soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57:

sumptus,

Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10:

Mercurius temperat astra,

Stat. Th. 1, 305.—

Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.

Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one ' s self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).

In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.

With in and abl.:

jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8:

in multa temperarunt tribuni,

Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.—

With dat.:

linguae tempera,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so,

linguae,

Liv. 28, 44, 18:

linguae,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2:

manibus,

Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24:

oculis,

Liv. 21, 22, 7:

irae,

id. 33, 20, 7:

victoriae,

Sall. C. 11, 8:

gulae,

Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5:

lacrimis,

Curt. 7, 2, 7.—

With ab and abl.:

temperare ab injuriā et maleficio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

a maleficio,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29:

a lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 8:

precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere,

Tac. H. 1, 63.—Rarely with sibi, etc.:

cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum?

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:

ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat,

Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.—

With abl. alone:

lacrimis,

Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16:

a venatibus,

Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270:

risu,

Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.—

With inf.:

matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 33:

dormire,

id. ib. 22:

maledicere huic,

id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.):

exordiri rem novam,

Gell. 4, 9, 5. —

With ne and subj.:

quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60:

quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi,

Lact. 4, 3, 5.—

With quin (post-Aug.):

non temperante Tiberio quin premeret,

Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54:

vix temperabat, quin diceret,

Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7:

Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc.,

id. Ep. 114, 19.—

With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero):

neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33:

vix sibi temperant quin, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2:

nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc.,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. §

30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc.,

id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1:

vix temperavere animis, quin, etc.,

Liv. 5, 45, 7.—

Impers. pass.:

aegre temperatum est, quin, etc.,

they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8:

nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc.,

id. 2, 23, 10:

jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est,

id. 5, 7, 8:

ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum,

id. 7, 20, 9:

a caedibus,

id. 25, 25, 9.—

In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab:

ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere),

id. ib. 2, 2, 2, §

4: sociis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 59, §

154: alicui in aliquā re,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6, §

17: amicis,

id. Balb. 27, 60:

privignis,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 18:

ingenio suo,

Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.:

in quo ab sociis temperaverant,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

ab his sacris,

id. 39, 10, 9:

quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.:

a mulso sibi temperare,

Cels. 4, 31.— Impers. pass.:

templis deum temperatum est,

Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.:

nec ab ullo temperatum foret,

id. 24, 31, 11.—Hence,

tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.:

modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit?

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc.,

id. Font. 18, 40; so,

homo,

id. Att. 15, 1, 1.— Sup.:

homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus,

Cic. Font. 17, 38:

principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii,

refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr. —With gen.:

famae temperans,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41:

temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

potestatis temperantior,

Tac. A. 13, 46.—Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29. — Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.— Sup. seems not to occur.—

tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a.

Duly arranged or prepared:

prela,

Cato, R. R. 12.—

Limited, moderate, temperate.

Lit.:

temperatae escae modicaeque potiones,

Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115:

regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae,

Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.— Comp.:

loca temperatiora,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

o temperatae dulce Formiae litus,

Mart. 10, 30, 1:

mitis ac temperatus annus,

Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.:

temperatissimum anni tempus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.—

Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate:

est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 27:

justi, temperati, sapientes,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1:

mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 3:

vim temperatam di provehunt In majus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 66:

animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse,

Liv. 1, 18, 4:

hoc multo fortius est... illud temperatius,

Sen. Ep. 18, 3:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:

oratio modica ac temperata,

id. Or. 27, 95.— Comp.:

temperatior oratio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.— Sup.:

temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83. — Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.

Lit.:

tepebit,

Cato, R. R. 69, 2:

arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes,

Vitr. 2, 9 med. —

Trop.:

agere,

Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1:

temperatius scribere,

id. ib. 13, 1, 1:

temperatissime et castissime vivere,

Aug. Mus. 6, 15.

tempĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror, Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. [tempus].

Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).

Lit.:

nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

id. Rep. 6, 18, 18:

ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit,

id. Univ. 7:

tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum,

id. N. D. 3, 14, 36:

aes conflare et temperare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

ferrum,

id. 34, 14, 41, § 145:

herbas,

Ov. F. 5, 402:

acetum melle,

Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114:

vinum,

id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7:

venenum,

Suet. Ner. 2 fin.:

unguentum,

Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18:

collyrium,

id. 27, 10, 59, § 83:

colores,

id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.:

ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores,

id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.:

vitis solem umbra temperans,

Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1:

scatebrisque arentia temperat arva,

i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so,

arva (Galesus),

Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.—

Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order:

rem publicam institutis et legibus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

constituere et temperare civitates,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit,

id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.:

qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 16:

terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere),

id. ib. 3, 4, 45:

mare,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1:

aequor,

Verg. A. 1, 146:

orbem,

Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869:

arces aetherias,

id. ib. 15, 859:

undas,

id. ib. 12, 580:

ratem,

id. ib. 13, 366:

solus id navigii genus temperans,

Vell. 2, 107:

omnia pretio temperata,

id. 2, 60:

senem delirum,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 71:

ora frenis,

id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.:

genius qui natale temperat astrum,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 187:

annum,

id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13:

caeli fulgura,

Cic. Leg. 8, 21:

fortunam suo arbitrio,

Petr. 137.— Poet.:

carmen impositis articulis,

i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.:

testudinis aureae strepitum,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 18:

Musam pede Archilochi,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.:

citharam nervis,

i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.—

Trop.

To regulate, rule, etc.:

non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.:

cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet,

id. Phil. 12, 11, 26:

quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis,

id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65:

ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi,

id. Or. 58, 197; so,

joined with miscere,

id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.:

at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt,

id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176:

iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare,

id. Marcell. 3, 8:

amara lento Temperet risu,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34:

(Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras,

soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57:

sumptus,

Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10:

Mercurius temperat astra,

Stat. Th. 1, 305.—

Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.

Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one ' s self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).

In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.

With in and abl.:

jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8:

in multa temperarunt tribuni,

Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.—

With dat.:

linguae tempera,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so,

linguae,

Liv. 28, 44, 18:

linguae,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2:

manibus,

Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24:

oculis,

Liv. 21, 22, 7:

irae,

id. 33, 20, 7:

victoriae,

Sall. C. 11, 8:

gulae,

Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5:

lacrimis,

Curt. 7, 2, 7.—

With ab and abl.:

temperare ab injuriā et maleficio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

a maleficio,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29:

a lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 8:

precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere,

Tac. H. 1, 63.—Rarely with sibi, etc.:

cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum?

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:

ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat,

Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.—

With abl. alone:

lacrimis,

Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16:

a venatibus,

Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270:

risu,

Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.—

With inf.:

matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 33:

dormire,

id. ib. 22:

maledicere huic,

id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.):

exordiri rem novam,

Gell. 4, 9, 5. —

With ne and subj.:

quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60:

quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi,

Lact. 4, 3, 5.—

With quin (post-Aug.):

non temperante Tiberio quin premeret,

Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54:

vix temperabat, quin diceret,

Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7:

Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc.,

id. Ep. 114, 19.—

With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero):

neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33:

vix sibi temperant quin, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2:

nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc.,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. §

30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc.,

id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1:

vix temperavere animis, quin, etc.,

Liv. 5, 45, 7.—

Impers. pass.:

aegre temperatum est, quin, etc.,

they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8:

nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc.,

id. 2, 23, 10:

jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est,

id. 5, 7, 8:

ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum,

id. 7, 20, 9:

a caedibus,

id. 25, 25, 9.—

In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab:

ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere),

id. ib. 2, 2, 2, §

4: sociis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 59, §

154: alicui in aliquā re,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6, §

17: amicis,

id. Balb. 27, 60:

privignis,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 18:

ingenio suo,

Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.:

in quo ab sociis temperaverant,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

ab his sacris,

id. 39, 10, 9:

quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.:

a mulso sibi temperare,

Cels. 4, 31.— Impers. pass.:

templis deum temperatum est,

Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.:

nec ab ullo temperatum foret,

id. 24, 31, 11.—Hence,

tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.:

modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit?

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc.,

id. Font. 18, 40; so,

homo,

id. Att. 15, 1, 1.— Sup.:

homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus,

Cic. Font. 17, 38:

principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii,

refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr. —With gen.:

famae temperans,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41:

temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

potestatis temperantior,

Tac. A. 13, 46.—Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29. — Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.— Sup. seems not to occur.—

tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a.

Duly arranged or prepared:

prela,

Cato, R. R. 12.—

Limited, moderate, temperate.

Lit.:

temperatae escae modicaeque potiones,

Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115:

regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae,

Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.— Comp.:

loca temperatiora,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

o temperatae dulce Formiae litus,

Mart. 10, 30, 1:

mitis ac temperatus annus,

Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.:

temperatissimum anni tempus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.—

Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate:

est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 27:

justi, temperati, sapientes,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1:

mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 3:

vim temperatam di provehunt In majus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 66:

animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse,

Liv. 1, 18, 4:

hoc multo fortius est... illud temperatius,

Sen. Ep. 18, 3:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:

oratio modica ac temperata,

id. Or. 27, 95.— Comp.:

temperatior oratio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.— Sup.:

temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83. — Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.

Lit.:

tepebit,

Cato, R. R. 69, 2:

arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes,

Vitr. 2, 9 med. —

Trop.:

agere,

Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1:

temperatius scribere,

id. ib. 13, 1, 1:

temperatissime et castissime vivere,

Aug. Mus. 6, 15.