tower

as-surgo ( ads-, B. and K., Rib., Merk., Halm, Weissenb.; ass-, Roth), surrexi, surrectum, 3, v. n., to rise up, rise, stand up (cf. ad, II. B.; class.; freq. in Verg., once in Ov., never in Hor.; syn.: surgo, consurgo, insurgo, orior).

Lit.

Of persons:

quae dum laudatio recitatur, vos quaeso, qui eam detulistis, adsurgite,

Cic. Clu. 69, 196:

fratrem adsurrexisse ex morbo,

Liv. 3, 24: Valentem e gravi corporis morbo adsurgentem, Tac. H. 2, 99:

intortis adsurgens arduus undis,

Val. Fl. 3, 476:

desine viso adsurgere pulvere,

Claud. Cons. Stil. 3, 3.—Hence, with dat. or absol., to rise up to one, to rise up, out of respect.

With dat.:

an quisquam in curiam venienti adsurrexit?

Cic. Pis. 12:

Utque viro Phoebi chorus adsurrexerit omnis,

Verg. E. 6, 66: Ruricolae Cereri teneroque adsurgite Baccho, * Ov. Am. 3, 2, 53:

honori numinis,

Stat. Th. 2, 60:

cum palam esset ipsum quoque iisdem et assurgere et decedere viā,

Suet. Tib. 31:

cum conaretur assurgere,

id. Caes. 78 al.:

non adsurrexisse sibi,

Vulg. Esth. 5, 9; so with coram (eccl. Lat.):

coram te adsurgere nequeo,

Vulg. Gen. 31, 35.—

Absol.:

neque assurgere neque salutare se dignantem,

Suet. Vesp. 13; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 48:

et senes adsurgentes stabant,

Vulg. Job, 29, 8. —In pass. impers.:

ut majoribus natu adsurgatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48:

cum adsurrectum ei non esset,

Liv. 9, 46:

ludos ineunti semper adsurgi etiam ab senatu in more est,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 13; Suet. Aug. 56: so in a zeugma: haec enim ipsa sunt honorabilia... salutari, appeti, decedi, adsurgi, deduci, etc. (decedi and adsurgi being impers. here, the other verbs pers.), Cic. Sen. 18, 63.—Hence, trop., to give the preference to, to yield to:

sunt et Aminaeae vites... Tmolius adsurgit quibus,

yields the palm, Verg. G. 2, 98.— Poet.:

jamque adsurgentis dextrā plagamque ferentis Aeneae subiit mucronem, i.e. dextram attollentis,

Verg. A. 10, 797.—

Of inanimate things:

colles adsurgunt,

rise, Liv. 22, 4; so Col. 2, 2, 1, and Tac. A. 13, 38:

Pyramis adsurgit trecentis sexaginta tribus pedibus,

Plin. 36, 12, 17, § 80:

Delos adsurgit Cynthio monte,

id. 4, 12, 22, § 66.—

Transf.

To mount up, to rise, to increase in size, swell, tower up ( poet.):

cum subito adsurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion,

Verg. A. 1. 535:

adsurgens nox aurea,

Val. Fl. 5, 566:

tumores oriuntur, deinde desinunt, deinde rursus adsurgunt,

Cels. 2, 8:

non coeptae adsurgunt turres,

Verg. A. 4, 86:

terra jacet aggeribus niveis informis septemque adsurgit in ulnas,

rises seven ells high, id. G. 3, 355: Adsurgit ceu forte minor sub matre virente Laurus, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 244.—

Of mental objects.

To rise:

nunc sera querellis Haud justis adsurgis,

i. e. break out in complaints, Verg. A. 10, 95:

adsurgunt irae,

id. ib. 12, 494:

in ultionem adsurgere,

Flor. 3, 1, 10.—

To rise in courage, to rise (cf. the opp. affligi):

gaudet in adversis animoque adsurgit Adrastus,

Stat. Th. 10, 227.—

Of style, etc., to rise, soar:

raro adsurgit Hesiodus,

Quint. 10, 1, 52:

neque comoedia cothurnis adsurgit,

id. 10, 2, 22; cf.:

sublimitate heroici carminis animus adsurgat,

id. 1, 8, 5.

aedĭfĭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [aedesfacio], lit. to erect a building, to build; and in gen., to build, raise, erect, or establish any thing.

Lit.: aedificare cum sit proprie aedem facere, ponitur tamen katachrêstikôs in omni genere constructionis, Fest. p. 13 Müll.; hence in the first signif. for the most part

Absol.:

aedificare diu cogitare oportet,

Cato, R. R. 3, 1:

ecce aedificat,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 56:

ad quem (usum) accommodanda est aedificandi descriptio,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138; id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

tribus locis aedifico, reliqua reconcinno,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 6:

lautius, id Leg. 2, 1, 3: belle,

id. Att. 9, 13 al.:

accuratius ad frigora atque aestus vitandos,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22:

diruit, aedificat, mutat quadrata rotundis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 100; so id. S. 2, 3, 308.—

With object:

domum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4; so Vulg. Exod. 1, 21:

casas,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 247.—

In gen., to build, construct, etc.:

navim,

Plaut. Mer. prol. 87 piscinas, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 5:

navem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 18:

urbem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 53; so Vulg. Exod. 1, 11:

oppida,

ib. 2 Para. 26, 6:

turrim,

ib. Matt. 21, 3:

murum,

ib. 2 Para. 33, 14:

porticum,

Cic. Dom. 43:

hortos,

id. Att. 9, 13:

equum,

Verg. A. 2, 16:

mundum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 25:

tot adhuc compagibus altum aedificat caput,

i.e. makes it, by bands and hair ornaments, a high tower, Juv. 6, 501.—

Fig., to build up, establish:

rem publicam,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2.—And (eccl.) in a religious sense, to build up, instruct, edify.

Absol.:

caritas aedificat,

Vulg. 1 Cor. 8, 1:

non omnia aedificant,

ib. ib. 16, 23.—

With object:

semetipsum,

Vulg. 1 Cor. 14, 4:

alterutrum,

ib. 1 Thess. 5, 11.

ālĕa, ae, f. [of uncer. origin; Curtius asserts an obscure connection with the words for bone; Sanscr. asthi; Zend, açti; Gr. osteon; Lat. os (ossis)].

A game with dice, and in gen., a game of hazard or chance. There were among the Romans two kinds of dice, tesserae and tali, Cic. Sen. 16, 58. The tesserae had six sides, which were marked with I. II. III. IV. V. VI.; the tali were rounded on two sides, and marked only on the other four. Upon one side there was one point, unio, an ace, like the ace on cards, called canis; on the opp. side, six points called senio, six, sice; on the two other sides, three and four points, ternio and quaternio. In playing, four tali were used, but only three tesserae. They were put into a box made in the form of a tower, with a strait neck, and wider below than above, called fritillus, turris, turricula, etc. This box was shaken, and the dice were thrown upon the gaming-board. The highest or most fortunate throw, called Venus, jactus Venereus or basilicus, was, of the tesserae, three sixes, and of the tali when they all came out with different numbers. The worst or lowest throw, called jactus pessimus or damnosus, canis or canicula, was, of the tesserae, three aces, and of the tali when they were all the same. The other throws were valued acc. to the numbers. When one of the tali fell upon the end (in caput) it was said rectus cadere, or assistere, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54, and the throw was repeated. While throwing the dice, it was customary for a person to express his wishes, to repeat the name of his mistress, and the like. Games of chance were prohibited by the Lex Titia et Publicia et Cornelia (cf. Hor. C. 3, 24, 58), except in the month of December, during the Saturnalia, Mart. 4, 14, 7; 5, 85; 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71; Dig. 11, 5. The character of gamesters, aleatores or aleones, was held as infamous in the time of Cicero, cf. Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Phil. 2, 23, although there was much playing with aleae, and old men were esp. fond of this game, because it required little physical exertion, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Suet. Aug. 71; Juv. 14, 4; cf.

Jahn,

Ov. Tr. 2, 471; Rupert. ad Tac. G. 24, 5:

provocat me in aleam, ut ego ludam,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 75.—Ludere aleā or aleam, also sometimes in aleā:

in foro aleā ludere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 23, 56; Dig. 11, 5, 1: ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70:

aleam studiosissime lusit,

Suet. Claud. 33; so id. Ner. 30; Juv. 8, 10:

repetitio ejus, quod in aleā lusum est,

Dig. 11, 5, 4.—Hence, in aleā aliquid perdere, Cic. Phil. 2, 13:

exercere aleam,

Tac. G. 24:

indulgere aleae,

Suet. Aug. 70:

oblectare se aleā,

id. Dom. 21:

prosperiore aleā uti,

to play fortunately, id. Calig. 41.— Trop.: Jacta alea esto, Let the die be cast! Let the game be ventured! the memorable exclamation of Cæsar when, at the Rubicon, after long hesitation, he finally decided to march to Rome, Suet. Caes. 32, ubi v. Casaub. and Ruhnk.—

Transf., any thing uncertain or contingent, an accident, chance, hazard, venture, risk:

alea domini vitae ac rei familiaris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4:

sequentes non aleam, sed rationem aliquam,

id. ib. 1, 18:

aleam inesse hostiis deligendis,

Cic. Div. 2, 15:

dare summam rerum in aleam,

to risk, Liv. 42, 59:

in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam ire,

fortune, chance, id. 1, 23:

alea belli,

id. 37, 36:

talibus admissis alea grandis inest,

Ov. A. A. 1, 376:

periculosae plenum opus aleae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 6: M. Tullius extra omnem ingenii aleam positus, raised above all doubt of his talents, Plin. praef. § 7: emere aleam, in the Pandects, to purchase any thing uncertain, contingent, e. g. a draught of fishes, Dig. 18, 1, 8; so ib. 18, 4, 7.

as-surgo ( ads-, B. and K., Rib., Merk., Halm, Weissenb.; ass-, Roth), surrexi, surrectum, 3, v. n., to rise up, rise, stand up (cf. ad, II. B.; class.; freq. in Verg., once in Ov., never in Hor.; syn.: surgo, consurgo, insurgo, orior).

Lit.

Of persons:

quae dum laudatio recitatur, vos quaeso, qui eam detulistis, adsurgite,

Cic. Clu. 69, 196:

fratrem adsurrexisse ex morbo,

Liv. 3, 24: Valentem e gravi corporis morbo adsurgentem, Tac. H. 2, 99:

intortis adsurgens arduus undis,

Val. Fl. 3, 476:

desine viso adsurgere pulvere,

Claud. Cons. Stil. 3, 3.—Hence, with dat. or absol., to rise up to one, to rise up, out of respect.

With dat.:

an quisquam in curiam venienti adsurrexit?

Cic. Pis. 12:

Utque viro Phoebi chorus adsurrexerit omnis,

Verg. E. 6, 66: Ruricolae Cereri teneroque adsurgite Baccho, * Ov. Am. 3, 2, 53:

honori numinis,

Stat. Th. 2, 60:

cum palam esset ipsum quoque iisdem et assurgere et decedere viā,

Suet. Tib. 31:

cum conaretur assurgere,

id. Caes. 78 al.:

non adsurrexisse sibi,

Vulg. Esth. 5, 9; so with coram (eccl. Lat.):

coram te adsurgere nequeo,

Vulg. Gen. 31, 35.—

Absol.:

neque assurgere neque salutare se dignantem,

Suet. Vesp. 13; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 48:

et senes adsurgentes stabant,

Vulg. Job, 29, 8. —In pass. impers.:

ut majoribus natu adsurgatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48:

cum adsurrectum ei non esset,

Liv. 9, 46:

ludos ineunti semper adsurgi etiam ab senatu in more est,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 13; Suet. Aug. 56: so in a zeugma: haec enim ipsa sunt honorabilia... salutari, appeti, decedi, adsurgi, deduci, etc. (decedi and adsurgi being impers. here, the other verbs pers.), Cic. Sen. 18, 63.—Hence, trop., to give the preference to, to yield to:

sunt et Aminaeae vites... Tmolius adsurgit quibus,

yields the palm, Verg. G. 2, 98.— Poet.:

jamque adsurgentis dextrā plagamque ferentis Aeneae subiit mucronem, i.e. dextram attollentis,

Verg. A. 10, 797.—

Of inanimate things:

colles adsurgunt,

rise, Liv. 22, 4; so Col. 2, 2, 1, and Tac. A. 13, 38:

Pyramis adsurgit trecentis sexaginta tribus pedibus,

Plin. 36, 12, 17, § 80:

Delos adsurgit Cynthio monte,

id. 4, 12, 22, § 66.—

Transf.

To mount up, to rise, to increase in size, swell, tower up ( poet.):

cum subito adsurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion,

Verg. A. 1. 535:

adsurgens nox aurea,

Val. Fl. 5, 566:

tumores oriuntur, deinde desinunt, deinde rursus adsurgunt,

Cels. 2, 8:

non coeptae adsurgunt turres,

Verg. A. 4, 86:

terra jacet aggeribus niveis informis septemque adsurgit in ulnas,

rises seven ells high, id. G. 3, 355: Adsurgit ceu forte minor sub matre virente Laurus, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 244.—

Of mental objects.

To rise:

nunc sera querellis Haud justis adsurgis,

i. e. break out in complaints, Verg. A. 10, 95:

adsurgunt irae,

id. ib. 12, 494:

in ultionem adsurgere,

Flor. 3, 1, 10.—

To rise in courage, to rise (cf. the opp. affligi):

gaudet in adversis animoque adsurgit Adrastus,

Stat. Th. 10, 227.—

Of style, etc., to rise, soar:

raro adsurgit Hesiodus,

Quint. 10, 1, 52:

neque comoedia cothurnis adsurgit,

id. 10, 2, 22; cf.:

sublimitate heroici carminis animus adsurgat,

id. 1, 8, 5.

Astyănax, actis, m., = Astuanax (acc. Gr. Astyanacta, Verg. A. 2, 457).

Son of Hector and Andromache; at the destruction of Troy he was thrown from a tower by Ulysses, Verg. A. 2, 457; Ov. M. 13, 415.—

A tragic actor in the time of Cicero, Cic. Att. 4, 15, 6.

celsus, a, um, adj. [P. a., of obsolete 2. cello, found in antecello, excello, etc., to rise high, tower; root kar-, in karê, karênon, korus; cerebrum, crista, pro-ceres; calamus, culmus, columna, etc.], raised high, extending upward, high, lofty (syn.: altus, erectus, sublimis, elatus, procerus).

Physically:

(deus homines) humo excitatos, celsos et erectos constituit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

celsissimo Germano procerior (Judaeus),

Col. 3, 8, 2:

status (oratoris) et erectus et celsus,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. Liv. 30, 32, 11;

and celsior ingressus,

Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 51:

in cornua cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 538 (cf.:

surgens in cornua cervus,

Verg. A. 10, 725):

capitolia,

Verg. A. 8, 653:

turres,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 10; Ov. M. 3, 61:

Acherontia,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 14:

Apenninus,

id. Epod. 16, 29; cf.:

vertex montis, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 7, 13: celsa Paphus atque Cythera,

lofty, Verg. A. 10, 51:

ne, si celsior (ibis), ignis adurat (opp. demissior),

Ov. M. 8, 205.—

Morally.

In a good sense.

High, lofty, elevated above that which is common, great (syn.:

erectus, eminens, excellens, altus): celsus et erectus et ea, quae homini accidere possunt, omnia parva ducens,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 42:

generosior celsiorque,

Quint. 1, 3, 30:

mente,

Sil. 16, 188.—

Elevated in rank or station, noble, eminent:

celsissima sedes dignitatis atque honoris,

Cic. Sull. 2, 5:

eques,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 42; cf. under adv. and Celeres.—

In a bad sense, haughty, proud, high-spirited:

haec jura suae civitatis ignorantem, erectum et celsum, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184:

celsi et spe haud dubia feroces,

Liv. 7, 16, 5:

celsi Ramnes,

Hor. A. P. 342; Sil. 16, 187.—Hence, adv.: celsē.

(Acc. to I.) High; comp., Col. 4, 19, 2; Claud. ap. Eutr. 1, 387; Amm. 25, 4.—

(Acc. to II.) Nobly:

nati,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 145 (others read: celso natorum honore).

Celsus, i, m., a Roman cognomen; esp.,

A. Cornelius Celsus, the greatest of the Roman writers on medicine. —

C. Albinovanus, a friend of Horace, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 15; 1, 8, 1.

celsus, a, um, adj. [P. a., of obsolete 2. cello, found in antecello, excello, etc., to rise high, tower; root kar-, in karê, karênon, korus; cerebrum, crista, pro-ceres; calamus, culmus, columna, etc.], raised high, extending upward, high, lofty (syn.: altus, erectus, sublimis, elatus, procerus).

Physically:

(deus homines) humo excitatos, celsos et erectos constituit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

celsissimo Germano procerior (Judaeus),

Col. 3, 8, 2:

status (oratoris) et erectus et celsus,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. Liv. 30, 32, 11;

and celsior ingressus,

Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 51:

in cornua cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 538 (cf.:

surgens in cornua cervus,

Verg. A. 10, 725):

capitolia,

Verg. A. 8, 653:

turres,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 10; Ov. M. 3, 61:

Acherontia,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 14:

Apenninus,

id. Epod. 16, 29; cf.:

vertex montis, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 7, 13: celsa Paphus atque Cythera,

lofty, Verg. A. 10, 51:

ne, si celsior (ibis), ignis adurat (opp. demissior),

Ov. M. 8, 205.—

Morally.

In a good sense.

High, lofty, elevated above that which is common, great (syn.:

erectus, eminens, excellens, altus): celsus et erectus et ea, quae homini accidere possunt, omnia parva ducens,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 42:

generosior celsiorque,

Quint. 1, 3, 30:

mente,

Sil. 16, 188.—

Elevated in rank or station, noble, eminent:

celsissima sedes dignitatis atque honoris,

Cic. Sull. 2, 5:

eques,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 42; cf. under adv. and Celeres.—

In a bad sense, haughty, proud, high-spirited:

haec jura suae civitatis ignorantem, erectum et celsum, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184:

celsi et spe haud dubia feroces,

Liv. 7, 16, 5:

celsi Ramnes,

Hor. A. P. 342; Sil. 16, 187.—Hence, adv.: celsē.

(Acc. to I.) High; comp., Col. 4, 19, 2; Claud. ap. Eutr. 1, 387; Amm. 25, 4.—

(Acc. to II.) Nobly:

nati,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 145 (others read: celso natorum honore).

Celsus, i, m., a Roman cognomen; esp.,

A. Cornelius Celsus, the greatest of the Roman writers on medicine. —

C. Albinovanus, a friend of Horace, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 15; 1, 8, 1.

Dănăē, ēs, f., Danaê, daughter of Acrisius, and mother of Perseus by Zeus, who visited her in the form of a shower of gold, when she was shut up in a tower by her father, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 37; Hor. Od. 3, 16, 1 sq.; Serv. Verg. A. 7, 372; Hyg. Fab. 63; Lact. 1, 11, 18; Prop. 2, 20, 12 (3, 13, 12 M.); 2, 32, 59 (3, 30, 59 M.); Ov. Met. 4, 610; id. Tr. 2, 401; Verg. A. 7, 410 al.—Hence,

Dănăēĭus, a, um, adj., Danaêïos, pertaining to Danae, descended from Danae:

heros,

i. e. Perseus, Ov. M. 5, 1;

called also volucer Danaeius,

Stat. Th. 10, 892; Persis (so named after Perses, the son of Perseus, and ancestor of the Persians), Ov. A. A. 1, 225.

Dănăē, ēs, f., Danaê, daughter of Acrisius, and mother of Perseus by Zeus, who visited her in the form of a shower of gold, when she was shut up in a tower by her father, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 37; Hor. Od. 3, 16, 1 sq.; Serv. Verg. A. 7, 372; Hyg. Fab. 63; Lact. 1, 11, 18; Prop. 2, 20, 12 (3, 13, 12 M.); 2, 32, 59 (3, 30, 59 M.); Ov. Met. 4, 610; id. Tr. 2, 401; Verg. A. 7, 410 al.—Hence,

Dănăēĭus, a, um, adj., Danaêïos, pertaining to Danae, descended from Danae:

heros,

i. e. Perseus, Ov. M. 5, 1;

called also volucer Danaeius,

Stat. Th. 10, 892; Persis (so named after Perses, the son of Perseus, and ancestor of the Persians), Ov. A. A. 1, 225.

ex-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3 ( subj. perf. sync. excessis, Ter. And. 4, 4, 21), v. n. and a.

Neut., to go out, go forth or away, to depart, retire, withdraw (freq. and class.; cf.: discedo, deficio, destituo, desero, linquo, relinquo).

Lit.

In gen., with ex and abl., with abl. alone, or absol.:

ex istoc loco,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 18:

e medio,

Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 14:

ex civitate,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 8:

ex Italia,

Cic. Phil. 12, 6, 14:

e templo,

Liv. 29, 19;

for which, templo,

id. 39, 5:

ex finibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 33, 2;

for which, finibus,

id. ib. 4, 18 fin.; 7, 77, 14; Liv. 30, 42; 41, 19 al.: ex illa circumscriptione, [p. 675] Cic. Phil. 8, 8:

ex itinere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 79 fin.; cf.:

ex via,

id. B. G. 5, 19, 1;

for which, viā,

Liv. 24, 20:

ex pugna, ex proelio,

Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; 4, 33, 2;

for which, more freq., pugnā,

id. B. G. 5, 36, 3; id. B. C. 2, 7, 1; Liv. 44, 42; Verg. A. 9, 789 al.;

and, proelio,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1; 3, 4, 3; 4, 12 fin.; 7, 80, 3; cf.

acio,

id. B. C. 2, 41, 7; 3, 94, 5; Liv. 31, 17:

loco,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 2; 3, 45, 4; Liv. 36, 10, 15; so,

locis,

id. 38, 27, 9; 27, 1, 5;

and bello,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

domo,

Caes. B. G. 4, 14 fin.:

oppido,

id. ib. 7, 78, 1; cf.

urbe,

Liv. 26, 24; 30, 7; 31, 17 et saep.:

Arimino,

Caes. B. C. 1, 10, 3; 1, 11, 1:

Galliā,

id. B. G. 7, 66, 4:

provinciis,

id. B. C. 1, 85 fin.:

patriā,

Verg. A. 1, 357:

sceleratā terrā,

id. ib. 3, 60 et saep.—With de (very rare):

de utero matris,

i. e. to be born, Dig. 1, 5, 15.— Absol.:

abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

excedere deos, simul ingens motus excedentium,

Tac. H. 5, 13:

primi omnium Macedones metu excesserant,

Liv. 42, 67 fin. —Designating the terminus:

cave quoquam ex istoc excessis loco,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 21:

agro hostium in Boeotiam,

Liv. 31, 26 fin.:

ex his tenebris in lucem illam,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30 fin.; cf.:

ad deos,

Vell. 1. 2:

invictum fore donec excederet ad deos,

Curt. 4, 7, § 27:

in exsilium,

Dig. 48, 19, 4;

in which sense also simply excedere,

ib. 48, 22, 7, § 17.—

In partic.

To go beyond, overstep, rise above, overtop a certain boundary.—Of personal subjects very rarely:

alter in Pontum, alter usque Aegyptum excessit,

Just. 1, 1, 6.—More freq. of inanimate subjects:

ut nulla (pars) excederet extra,

Cic. Univ. 5; Cels. 8, 9 fin.; cf.

with eminere,

id. 8, 25 fin.:

montes et excedentia in nubes juga,

Plin. 27, 1, 1, § 3.—

To depart from life, to decease, to die (cf. decedo):

sic ille cum undequadraginta annos regnavisset, excessit e vita,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14 fin.; so,

e vita,

id. Fin. 3, 18, 60; id. Brut. 20 fin.; id. Lael. 3 fin.; id. Off. 1, 43, 153:

vitā,

id. Tusc. 1, 13, 29; id. Brut. 75, 262; id. N. D. 3, 16, 41; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8; 5, 5, 3; Curt. 3, 1, 21; 9, 6, 6; Tac. H. 4, 75:

e medio,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 74 Ruhnk.; and simply excedere (postAug.;

but v. decedo excessus, I.),

Plin. 7, 13, 11, § 58; Tac. A. 1, 5 fin.; 1, 33; Suet. Aug. 5; id. Claud. 45; id. Vesp. 2; id. Tit. 11; Val. Fl. 1, 826; Curt. 10, 5, 2; Sen. Ep. 77, 10.—

Trop.

In gen. (very rarely):

cum animus Eudemi e corpore excesserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24; 1, 32, 78; id. Lael. 4, 13 al.:

corpore excedere,

id. Div. 1, 30, 63: ex pristina bellandi consuetudine, Auct. B. Afr. 73: palmā, to recede from victory, to yield the victory (= decedere alicui de victoria), Verg. A. 5, 380.—Far more freq.,

In partic.

(Acc. to A. 2. a.) To go beyond a certain boundary or a certain measure, to advance, proceed, to transgress, digress (= procedere, progredi): mihi aetas ex magisterio tuo: Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 40:

is postquam excessit ex ephebis,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 24 (quoted in Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 327); cf.:

ut primum ex pueris excessit Archias,

Cic. Arch. 3:

ad patres etiam et ad publicam querimoniam excessit res,

Liv. 25, 1; cf. Val. Max. 5, 6, 4:

haec eo anno in Africa gesta. Insequentia excedunt in eum annum, quo, etc.,

Liv. 30, 26; cf. id. 21, 15:

paululum ad enarrandum, etc.,

to digress, Liv. 29, 29, 5; cf.:

in fabellam,

Sen. Ep. 77:

in aliquid,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 44 fin.:

res parva dictu, sed quae studiis in magnum certamen excesserit,

Liv. 34, 1; cf. id. 33, 35 fin.; 8, 33; cf. id. 3, 41:

eo laudis excedere, quo, etc.,

to attain that height of fame, Tac. Agr. 42 fin.: tantum illa clades novitate et magnitudine excessit, i. e. exceeded, went beyond = eminuit, Tac. A. 2, 24.—

(Acc. to A. 2. b.) To depart, disappear:

cura ex corde excessit,

Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 12:

cum cupiditatum dominatus excessit,

Cic. Par. 5, 3, 40:

jam e memoria excessit, quo tempore? etc.,

Liv. 26, 13;

for which, memoriā,

id. 7, 32 fin.:

ubi reverentia excessit animis,

Curt. 8, 8.— Poet.:

Cannaene tibi graviorque palude Maeonius Stygia lacus excessere Padusque?

i. e. have they slipped from your memory? Sil. 15, 35.

Act. (post-Aug.).

Lit., to depart from, to leave a place:

urbem,

Liv. 2, 37, 8; 1, 29, 6; 3, 57, 10;

23, 1: curiam,

id. 45, 20; cf. pass. impers.:

Crotonem excessum est,

id. 24; 3 fin. —

Transf., to go beyond, surpass, exceed a certain limit, to overtop, tower above (cf. above, I. A. 2. a., and B. 2. a.):

nubes excedit Olympus,

Luc. 2, 271:

statura, quae justam excederet,

Suet. Tib. 68:

summam octoginta milium,

Liv. 39, 5;

so of numbers, very freq.,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 22; 13, 3, 4, § 20; Quint. 9, 4, 79; Tac. A. 1, 14; Suet. Aug. 77 al.; cf.

also of age,

Col. 6, 21:

triennium vitae,

Plin. 8, 42, 67, § 166:

annum aetatis centesimum,

id. 25, 2, 5, § 9; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4; 3, 7, 9; Suet. Gramm. 7;

of measure: laborum periculorumque modum,

Vell. 2, 122 fin.; so,

modum,

Liv. 26, 19; 28, 25; Quint. 3, 6, 62; 8, 3, 48 al.:

eloquentia aut aequavit praestantissimorum gloriam aut excessit,

Suet. Caes. 55; cf.:

praeturae gradum,

id. Oth. 1:

principum fastigium,

id. Calig. 22:

fastigium equestre,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

excedente humanam fidem temeritate,

Vell. 2, 51, 3; so,

fidem,

Plin. 7, 21, 21, § 85; Ov. M. 7, 166:

excessisse Priscum inmanitate et saevitia crimina, quibus, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 2:

nemine tantum ceteros excedente, ut ei aliquis se summitteret,

Just. 13, 2.—With simple acc.:

decretum, ne vasa auro solida ministrandis cibis fierent, etc.... Excessit Fronto ac postulavit modum argento,

went beyond the proposal, Tac. A. 2, 33 (cf.:

egredi relationem,

id. ib. 2, 38).— Pass.:

duo enim multitudo, unione jam excessā,

Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 5.

ex-sŭpĕro ( exup-), āvi, ātum ( gen. plur. part. sync. exsuperantum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 18 Müll.), 1, v. n. and a. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Neutr., to mount up, appear above (very rare).

Lit.: exsuperant flammae;

furit aestus ad auras,

Verg. A. 2, 759.—

Trop., to get the upper hand, to overcome, prevail, excel:

sol et vapor omnis,

Lucr. 5, 385:

arma capessant, Et si non poterunt exsuperare, cadant,

Ov. F. 6, 372:

praesens dolor,

Lucr. 6, 1277:

quantum ipse feroci Virtute exsuperas,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

Hannibal exsuperans astu,

Sil. 1, 57.—

Act., to project or tower above any thing, to surmount, rise above, exceed.

Lit.:

vites exsuperant ulmos,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 12:

exsuperat jugum,

passes over, Verg. A. 11, 905:

clivum,

Sen. Ep. 31:

amnem,

Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 62:

Nilus exsuperavit sedecim cubita,

id. 18, 18, 47, § 168; cf.:

binas libras ponderis,

id. 9, 17, 30, § 64.—

Trop.

To surpass, exceed: quis homo te exsuperavit usquam gentium impudentiā? Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 77:

omnes Tarquinios superbiā,

Liv. 3, 11, 13:

genus morum nobilitate,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 2:

aliquid latitudine,

Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 50:

laudes alicujus,

Liv. 28, 43, 7:

cuncta exsuperans patrimonia census,

Juv. 10, 13:

tu vero, pater, vive et me quoque exsupera,

survive, outlive, Val. Max. 5, 9 fin.:

aestatem,

to outlast, Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 33.—

To be too much for, to overpower, overcome: id summum exsuperat Jovem, Poët. in Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25:

materia vires exsuperante meas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 56:

caecum consilium,

Verg. A. 7, 591:

multitudo Gallorum, sensum omnem talis damni exsuperans,

Liv. 7, 24, 2.—Hence, exsŭpĕrans ( exup-), antis, P. a. (acc. to I. B.), surpassing, excellent, supreme (post-class.):

mulier exsuperanti forma,

Gell. 6, 8, 3.— Comp.: uter esset exsuperantior, certabatur, Gell. 14, 3, 11.— Sup., App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 8.

mălus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. melas, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc.].— Comp.: pējor, pejus.— Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.:

malus et nequam homo,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1:

pessima puella,

Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10:

delituit mala,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9:

philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23:

malam opinionem habere de aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59:

consuetudo,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

conscientia,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

mens,

id. ib.:

mores,

Sall. C. 18:

fures,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 77:

Furiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 135:

virus,

Verg. G. 1, 129:

cicuta,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 56:

libido,

Liv. 1, 57:

falx,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

gramina,

id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17:

abi in malam rem,

go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17:

pugna,

unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56:

avis,

i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46:

ales,

id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4:

haud mala est mulier,

not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

facies,

Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43:

crus,

i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102:

pondus,

i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick:

in malis aeger est,

in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.:

tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,

id. 3, 5 med.:

eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,

id. ib. —In neutr. sing., as adv.:

ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.— Comp.: pejor, worse:

via,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,

mă-lum, i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity, etc.

In gen.:

orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25:

quam sit bellum, cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

hostes inopinato malo turbati,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12:

externum, i. e. bellum,

Nep. Hamilc. 21:

ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris,

Cels. 3, 15:

hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc.,

Liv. 2, 34, 11.—

In partic.

Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury:

malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,

Liv. 2, 54, 10:

malo exercitum coërcere,

Sall. J. 100, 5:

sine malo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11:

vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,

ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,

is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5:

clementiam illi malo fuisse,

was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own [p. 1105] hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.):

olet homo quidam malo suo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165:

male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,

to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—

Wrong-doing:

causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,

Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—

As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment:

quid tu, malum, me sequere?

Plaut. Cas. 1, 3:

qui, malum, alii?

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—

As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—

măle, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, alogistôs, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

di isti Segulio male faciant,

do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1:

o factum male de Alexione!

id. Att. 15, 1, 1:

male velle alicui,

to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13:

Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

male loqui,

id. Rosc. Am. 48:

male loqui alicui, for maledicere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25:

male accipere verbis aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,

to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

hoc male habet virum,

annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5:

male se habere,

to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6:

male est animo,

it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

male est animo,

I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

male fit animo,

I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1:

quae res tibi vertat male,

much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:

male tibi esse malo quam molliter,

I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1:

proelium male pugnatum,

unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7:

ea quae male empta sunt,

at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1:

male vendere,

at a sacrifice, id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,

id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34:

male tegere mutationem fortunae,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

male sustinere arma,

unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

male metuo, ne, etc.,

exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2:

rauci,

miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.—

When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,

insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5:

male sana,

with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8:

gratus,

i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27:

male fidas provincias,

unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17:

statio male fida carinis,

unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.— Comp.:

oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

pejusque leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and:

cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.

mālus, i, f., Gr. mêlea, an appletree:

malus bifera,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7:

et steriles platani malos gessere valentes,

Verg. G. 2, 70:

malus granata,

the pomegranate, Isid. 17, 7, 6:

felices arbores putantur esse quercus...malus, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 20, 2.

mālus, i, m. [by some referred to root mac-; Gr. makros; Lat. magnus; but perh. the same word with 2. malus], an upright mast, pole, or beam.

In gen.:

malos exaequantes altitudinem jugi surrexit,

Front. Strat. 3, 8, 3.—

Esp.

A mast of a ship:

ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando agere nihil dicant, cum alii malos scandant, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

malum erigi, vela fieri imperavit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

attolli malos,

Verg. A. 5, 829:

malo suspendit ab alto,

id. ib. 5, 489:

saucius,

injured, Hor. C. 1, 14, 5.—

A standard or pole, to which the awnings spread over the theatre were attached, Lucr. 6, 110; Liv. 39, 7, 8.—

The beam in the middle of a wine-press, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—

The corner beams of a tower:

turrium mali,

Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4.

mūrus (archaic orthogr. moerus, Varr. L. L. 5, 32, § 41 Müll.; Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 18, or Ann. v. 376 Vahl.; Verg. A. 10, 24:

moirus,

Inscr. Orell. 566), i, m. [from root mū-; cf.: moenia, munis], a wall; esp. a city wall; mostly in plur. (class.; cf.: moenia, paries, maceria).

Lit.:

muri urbis,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94:

Helvii intra oppida murosque compelluntur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

instruere,

Nep. Th. 6, 4:

ducere,

Verg. A. 1, 423:

aedificare,

Ov. M. 11, 204:

marmoreus,

a balcony, Calp. Ecl. 7, 48.—Also, the wall of a building, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 7:

sanctae res, veluti muri et portae, quodammodo divini juris sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 9.—

Transf.

A bank, mound, dam, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 3.—

The rim or side of a pot or boiler:

quae tenui muro spatiosum colligat orbem,

Juv. 4, 132.—

The wooden tower of an elephant, Sil. 9, 601.—

The head-dress of Cybele, ornamented with towers: crinalis, Claud. in. Eutr. 2, 284.—

Trop., a wall, a safeguard, protection, defence (rare but class.):

lex Aelia et Fufia, propugnacula murique tranquillitatis,

Cic. Pis. 4, 9:

Graiūm murus Achilles,

Ov. M. 13, 280:

cor munitum costarum et pectoris muro,

Plin. 11, 37, 69, § 181:

hic murus aëneus esto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 60.

pons, ntis, m. [kindred with Sanscr. pathi, a path; Gr. patos; old Germ. phat, pfat; mod. Germ. Pfad; Angl.-Sax. padh; hence prop. a board across a ditch, brook, etc.], a bridge across a river, ditch, or marsh, between towers, etc.

In gen.:

pars oppidi mari disjuncta angusto, ponte rursus adjungitur et continetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, §

117: pontem in Arare faciendum curat,

to throw a bridge over the stream, Caes. B. G. 1, 13: in Isarā, flumine maximo, ponte uno die facto, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3:

in Histro flumine,

Nep. Milt. 3, 1; so,

inicere pontem,

Liv. 26, 6; Tac. A. 15, 19:

flumen ponte jungere,

Liv. 21, 45; Curt. 3, 7, 1:

amnem ponte junxit,

id. 4, 9, 9:

imponere pontem flumini,

id. 5, 1, 22:

pontibus palude constratā,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 14:

pontem navibus efficere,

Tac. A. 6, 37:

ponte flumen transgredi,

id. ib. 13, 39;

also: ponte flumen transmittere,

Plin. Ep. 8, 8; and:

ponte flumen traicere,

Flor. 4, 12, 22:

interscindere pontem,

to break down, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 10; also,

rescindere,

Nep. Milt. 3, 4:

interrumpere,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 66; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3:

rumpere,

Quint. 2, 13, 16; Tac. A. 2, 68:

abrumpere,

id. H. 3, 6:

recidere,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

dissolvere,

Nep. Them. 5, 1:

vellere,

Verg. A. 8, 650:

partem pontis rescindere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29.—Esp., as a stand for beggars, Juv. 5, 8; cf. id. 4, 116:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, id. 14, 134.— Plur.:

plures dies efficiendis pontibus absumpti,

a bridge of several spans, Tac. A. 2, 8; 11, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3; cf. id. ib. 10, 18, 4.—

In partic.

The bridge at the Comitia, over which the voters passed one by one to the septum, to deposit their votes, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 1, 12, 21; Ov. F. 5, 634. Hence the proverb: sexagenarios de ponte; v. sexagenarius.—

A wooden drawbridge, to be let down from besieging towers to the walls of a town or fortress, Tac. A. 4, 51; Suet. Aug. 20.—

A plank bridge thrown from a vessel to the shore, Verg. A. 10, 288 and 654; Liv. 21, 28.—

The deck of a ship on which the military engines were placed, Tac. A. 2, 6.—

A floor of a tower, Verg. A. 9, 530; 12, 675.—

A wooden bridge on a narrow wall between two towers, Verg. A. 9, 170.

Pons, ntis, m., a geographical proper name.

Pons Argenteus, the modern Argens, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 2; 10, 35.—

Pons Campanus, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62.—

Aureoli, the modern Pontiruolo, Trebell. XXX. Tyr. Aureol. al.

pons, ntis, m. [kindred with Sanscr. pathi, a path; Gr. patos; old Germ. phat, pfat; mod. Germ. Pfad; Angl.-Sax. padh; hence prop. a board across a ditch, brook, etc.], a bridge across a river, ditch, or marsh, between towers, etc.

In gen.:

pars oppidi mari disjuncta angusto, ponte rursus adjungitur et continetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, §

117: pontem in Arare faciendum curat,

to throw a bridge over the stream, Caes. B. G. 1, 13: in Isarā, flumine maximo, ponte uno die facto, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3:

in Histro flumine,

Nep. Milt. 3, 1; so,

inicere pontem,

Liv. 26, 6; Tac. A. 15, 19:

flumen ponte jungere,

Liv. 21, 45; Curt. 3, 7, 1:

amnem ponte junxit,

id. 4, 9, 9:

imponere pontem flumini,

id. 5, 1, 22:

pontibus palude constratā,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 14:

pontem navibus efficere,

Tac. A. 6, 37:

ponte flumen transgredi,

id. ib. 13, 39;

also: ponte flumen transmittere,

Plin. Ep. 8, 8; and:

ponte flumen traicere,

Flor. 4, 12, 22:

interscindere pontem,

to break down, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 10; also,

rescindere,

Nep. Milt. 3, 4:

interrumpere,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 66; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3:

rumpere,

Quint. 2, 13, 16; Tac. A. 2, 68:

abrumpere,

id. H. 3, 6:

recidere,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

dissolvere,

Nep. Them. 5, 1:

vellere,

Verg. A. 8, 650:

partem pontis rescindere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29.—Esp., as a stand for beggars, Juv. 5, 8; cf. id. 4, 116:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, id. 14, 134.— Plur.:

plures dies efficiendis pontibus absumpti,

a bridge of several spans, Tac. A. 2, 8; 11, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3; cf. id. ib. 10, 18, 4.—

In partic.

The bridge at the Comitia, over which the voters passed one by one to the septum, to deposit their votes, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 1, 12, 21; Ov. F. 5, 634. Hence the proverb: sexagenarios de ponte; v. sexagenarius.—

A wooden drawbridge, to be let down from besieging towers to the walls of a town or fortress, Tac. A. 4, 51; Suet. Aug. 20.—

A plank bridge thrown from a vessel to the shore, Verg. A. 10, 288 and 654; Liv. 21, 28.—

The deck of a ship on which the military engines were placed, Tac. A. 2, 6.—

A floor of a tower, Verg. A. 9, 530; 12, 675.—

A wooden bridge on a narrow wall between two towers, Verg. A. 9, 170.

Pons, ntis, m., a geographical proper name.

Pons Argenteus, the modern Argens, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 2; 10, 35.—

Pons Campanus, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62.—

Aureoli, the modern Pontiruolo, Trebell. XXX. Tyr. Aureol. al.