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to+plead+as+an+excuse

  • 1 plead as an excuse

    • puolustautua

    English-Finnish dictionary > plead as an excuse

  • 2 plead

    plead [pli:d]
    (preterite, past participle pleaded or pled)
    • to plead for a scheme/programme plaider pour un projet/un programme
    • to plead guilty/not guilty plaider coupable/non coupable
       a. ( = give as excuse) alléguer
       b. to plead sb's case/cause plaider la cause de qn
    * * *
    [pliːd] 1.
    transitive verb (prét, pp pleaded, US pled)
    1) ( beg) supplier
    2) ( argue) plaider

    to plead somebody's case — Law, fig plaider la cause de quelqu'un

    2.
    intransitive verb (prét, pp pleaded, US pled)
    1) ( beg) supplier; ( more fervently) implorer
    2) Law plaider

    English-French dictionary > plead

  • 3 plead

    plead [pli:d] ( British pt & pp pleaded, Scottish & American pt & pp pleaded or pled [pled])
    (a) (beg) supplier;
    ∎ to plead for forgiveness implorer le pardon;
    ∎ she pleaded to be given more time elle supplia qu'on lui accorde plus de temps;
    ∎ to plead with sb supplier ou implorer qn;
    ∎ I pleaded with her to give me a second chance je la suppliai de me donner une deuxième chance
    (b) Law plaider;
    ∎ to plead in court plaider devant le tribunal;
    ∎ to plead guilty/not guilty plaider coupable/non coupable;
    ∎ to plead for the defence plaider pour la défense;
    ∎ how does the accused plead? l'accusé plaide-t-il coupable ou non coupable?
    (a) (beg) implorer, supplier;
    ∎ "please let me go" he pleaded "laissez-moi partir, je vous en prie" implora-t-il;
    ∎ she pleaded that her son be forgiven elle supplia que l'on pardonne à son fils
    (b) (gen) & Law plaider;
    ∎ to plead sb's case Law défendre qn; figurative plaider la cause de qn;
    ∎ who will plead our cause to the government? qui plaidera notre cause auprès du gouvernement?;
    ∎ to plead self-defence plaider la légitime défense
    (c) (put forward as excuse) invoquer, alléguer; (pretend) prétexter;
    ∎ we could always plead ignorance nous pourrions toujours prétendre que nous ne savions pas;
    ∎ she pleaded a prior engagement elle a prétendu qu'elle était déjà prise

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > plead

  • 4 plead

    A vtr ( prét, pp pleaded, US pled)
    1 ( beg) supplier ;
    2 ( argue) plaider ; to plead sb's case Jur, fig plaider la cause de qn ; to plead insanity Jur plaider la démence ;
    3 ( give as excuse) to plead ignorance plaider l'ignorance ; she left early, pleading a headache elle est partie tôt, en prétextant un mal de tête.
    B vi ( prét, pp pleaded, US pled)
    1 ( beg) supplier ; ( more fervently) implorer ; to plead with sb supplier, implorer qn (to do de faire) ; to plead with sb for mercy/forgiveness implorer la clémence/le pardon de qn ; to plead with sb for more time supplier qn d'accorder plus de temps ;
    2 Jur plaider ; to plead guilty/not guilty (to a charge) plaider coupable/non coupable.

    Big English-French dictionary > plead

  • 5 plead

    pli:d
    past tense, past participles - pleaded; verb
    1) ((of a prisoner) to answer a charge, saying whether one is guilty or not: `How does the prisoner plead?' `He pleads guilty.') declararse, alegar
    2) (to present a case in court: My lawyer will plead my case; My lawyer will plead for me.) defender, hablar por alguien
    3) ((often with with) to make an urgent request: He pleaded with me not to go; He pleaded to be allowed to go.) suplicar
    plead vb
    1. suplicar
    2. declararse
    tr[pliːd]
    1 suplicar ( with, -)
    plead ['pli:d] v, pleaded or pled ['pld] ; pleading vi
    1) : declararse (culpable o inocente)
    2)
    to plead for : suplicar, implorar
    plead vt
    1) : alegar, pretextar
    he pleaded illness: pretextó la enfermedad
    2)
    to plead a case : defender un caso
    v.
    • abogar v.
    • alegar v.
    • argumentar v.
    • informar v.
    • pleitear v.
    • rogar v.
    • suplicar v.
    pliːd
    1.
    (past & past p pleaded or AmE also pled) transitive verb
    a) ( give as excuse) alegar*

    he pleads ignorance of the whole affair — alega or aduce no saber nada del asunto

    she's not coming, she pleaded poverty — no viene, dijo que no tenía dinero

    b) ( argue) abogar* por, defender*

    to plead the case for something — abogar* en favor de algo

    to plead somebody's case — ( Law) llevar el caso de alguien


    2.
    vi
    a) (implore, beg) suplicar*

    to plead FOR something — suplicar* algo

    to plead WITH somebody to + INF — suplicarle* a alguien que (+ subj)

    b) ( Law)

    to plead guilty/not guilty — declararse culpable/inocente

    [pliːd] (pt pleaded, pp pled) (esp US)
    1. VT
    1) (=argue)

    to plead sb's cause — hablar por algn, interceder por algn

    to plead sb's case — (Jur) defender a algn en juicio

    2) (as excuse) aducir, pretextar

    to plead that — aducir or pretextar que

    to plead ignorance — aducir or pretextar desconocimiento

    to plead poverty — aducir or pretextar falta de medios económicos

    he pleaded certain difficulties — adujo or pretextó la existencia de ciertas dificultades

    2. VI
    1) (=beg) suplicar, rogar
    2) (Jur) (as defendant) presentar declaración; (as barrister) abogar

    how do you plead? — ¿cómo se declara el acusado?

    to plead guilty/not guilty — declararse culpable/inocente

    * * *
    [pliːd]
    1.
    (past & past p pleaded or AmE also pled) transitive verb
    a) ( give as excuse) alegar*

    he pleads ignorance of the whole affair — alega or aduce no saber nada del asunto

    she's not coming, she pleaded poverty — no viene, dijo que no tenía dinero

    b) ( argue) abogar* por, defender*

    to plead the case for something — abogar* en favor de algo

    to plead somebody's case — ( Law) llevar el caso de alguien


    2.
    vi
    a) (implore, beg) suplicar*

    to plead FOR something — suplicar* algo

    to plead WITH somebody to + INF — suplicarle* a alguien que (+ subj)

    b) ( Law)

    to plead guilty/not guilty — declararse culpable/inocente

    English-spanish dictionary > plead

  • 6 plead

    1. intransitive verb,
    pleaded or (esp. Amer., Scot., dial.) pled
    1) (make appeal) inständig bitten ( for um); (imploringly) flehen ( for um)

    plead with somebody for something/to do something — jemanden inständig um etwas bitten/jemanden inständig [darum] bitten, etwas zu tun; (imploringly) jemanden um etwas anflehen/jemanden anflehen, etwas zu tun

    2) (Law): (put forward plea; also fig.) plädieren
    2. transitive verb,
    pleaded or (esp. Amer., Scot., dial.) pled
    1) (beg) inständig bitten; (imploringly) flehen
    2) (Law): (offer in mitigation) sich berufen auf (+ Akk.); geltend machen; (as excuse) sich entschuldigen mit

    plead guilty/not guilty — (lit. or fig.) sich schuldig/nicht schuldig bekennen

    3) (present in court)

    plead somebody's case or plead the case for somebody — jemandes Sache vor Gericht vertreten

    * * *
    [pli:d]
    past tense, past participles - pleaded; verb
    1) ((of a prisoner) to answer a charge, saying whether one is guilty or not: `How does the prisoner plead?' `He pleads guilty.') plädieren
    2) (to present a case in court: My lawyer will plead my case; My lawyer will plead for me.) vertreten
    3) ((often with with) to make an urgent request: He pleaded with me not to go; He pleaded to be allowed to go.) dringend bitten
    * * *
    <pleaded, pleaded or SCOT, AM also pled, pled>
    [pli:d]
    I. vi
    1. (implore) [flehentlich] bitten, flehen
    to \plead for forgiveness/justice/mercy um Verzeihung/Gerechtigkeit/Gnade bitten
    ▪ to \plead with sb [to do sth] jdn anflehen[, etw zu tun]
    2. LAW (as advocate) plädieren; (speak for)
    ▪ to \plead for sb jdn verteidigen
    to \plead guilty sich akk schuldig bekennen; (as advocate) auf schuldig plädieren ÖSTERR
    to \plead not guilty [or innocent] sich akk für nicht schuldig erklären; (as advocate) auf nicht schuldig plädieren ÖSTERR
    how do you \plead? bekennen Sie sich schuldig?
    he \pleaded guilty to the charge of indecent assault er gestand die sexuelle Nötigung
    II. vt
    1. (claim)
    ▪ to \plead sth etw behaupten [o angeben]
    your best bet is to \plead inexperience am besten weisen Sie auf ihre Unerfahrenheit hin
    to \plead one's ignorance sich akk auf Unkenntnis berufen
    to \plead insanity LAW auf Unzurechnungsfähigkeit plädieren
    2. (argue for)
    to \plead a/sb's cause [with sb] [jdm] einen/jds Fall vortragen
    to \plead a case LAW eine Sache vor Gericht vertreten
    * * *
    [pliːd] pret, ptp pleaded or ( Scot, US) pled
    1. vt
    1) (= argue) vertreten

    to plead sb's cause (fig) — jds Sache vertreten, für jds Sache eintreten

    2) (as excuse) ignorance, insanity sich berufen auf (+acc)
    2. vi
    1) (= beg) bitten, nachsuchen (for um)
    2) (JUR counsel) das Plädoyer halten

    to plead guilty/not guilty — sich schuldig/nicht schuldig bekennen

    * * *
    plead [pliːd]
    A v/i prät und pperf pleaded [-ıd], plead [pled], besonders schott und US pled [pled]
    1. JUR
    a) plädieren ( for für) (auch fig), einen oder den Fall (vor Gericht) vertreten
    b) einen oder den Fall erörtern, Beweisgründe vorbringen ( for für; against gegen)
    c) sich zu seiner Verteidigung äußern:
    plead (not) guilty sich (nicht) schuldig bekennen (to gen);
    plead guilty to doing sth sich schuldig bekennen, etwas getan zu haben
    2. flehentlich oder inständig bitten ( for um; with sb jemanden)
    3. sich einsetzen oder verwenden ( with bei; for für)
    4. einwenden oder geltend machen ( that dass):
    his youth pleads for him seine Jugend spricht für ihn
    B v/t
    1. JUR und fig als Verteidigung oder Entschuldigung anführen, sich berufen auf (akk), Kopfschmerzen etc vorschützen
    2. JUR erörtern
    3. eine Sache vertreten, verteidigen, sich einsetzen für:
    plead sb’s cause
    4. JUR (als Beweisgrund) vorbringen, anführen
    * * *
    1. intransitive verb,
    pleaded or (esp. Amer., Scot., dial.) pled
    1) (make appeal) inständig bitten ( for um); (imploringly) flehen ( for um)

    plead with somebody for something/to do something — jemanden inständig um etwas bitten/jemanden inständig [darum] bitten, etwas zu tun; (imploringly) jemanden um etwas anflehen/jemanden anflehen, etwas zu tun

    2) (Law): (put forward plea; also fig.) plädieren
    2. transitive verb,
    pleaded or (esp. Amer., Scot., dial.) pled
    1) (beg) inständig bitten; (imploringly) flehen
    2) (Law): (offer in mitigation) sich berufen auf (+ Akk.); geltend machen; (as excuse) sich entschuldigen mit

    plead guilty/not guilty — (lit. or fig.) sich schuldig/nicht schuldig bekennen

    3) (present in court)

    plead somebody's case or plead the case for somebody — jemandes Sache vor Gericht vertreten

    * * *
    v.
    plädieren v.

    English-german dictionary > plead

  • 7 plead

    [pliːd] 1.
    verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. pleaded, pled AE)
    1) (beg) implorare, supplicare
    2) (argue) perorare, patrocinare

    to plead sb.'s case — dir. perorare o patrocinare la causa di qcn. (anche fig.)

    to plead insanity — dir. chiedere che venga riconosciuta l'infermità mentale

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. pleaded, pled AE)
    1) (beg) supplicare

    to plead with sb. — supplicare qcn. ( to do perché faccia)

    to plead with sb. for more time — supplicare qcn. di concedere più tempo

    2) dir. dichiararsi

    to plead guilty, not guilty (to a charge) — dichiararsi colpevole, innocente

    * * *
    [pli:d]
    past tense, past participles - pleaded; verb
    1) ((of a prisoner) to answer a charge, saying whether one is guilty or not: `How does the prisoner plead?' `He pleads guilty.') dichiararsi
    2) (to present a case in court: My lawyer will plead my case; My lawyer will plead for me.) patrocinare (una causa)
    3) ((often with with) to make an urgent request: He pleaded with me not to go; He pleaded to be allowed to go.) supplicare
    * * *
    [pliːd] pleaded pled (esp Am) pt, pp
    1. vt
    1)

    to plead sb's case (Law); to plead sb's cause fig — perorare la causa di qn

    2) (as excuse: ignorance) addurre come (or a) pretesto
    2. vi
    1)

    (beg) to plead with sb (to do sth) — supplicare or implorare qn (di fare qc)

    to plead for sth — (beg for) implorare qc, (make speech in favour of) parlare in favore di qc

    2)

    (Law: lawyer) to plead for — perorare in favore di

    to plead guilty/not guilty — (defendant) dichiararsi colpevole/innocente

    * * *
    [pliːd] 1.
    verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. pleaded, pled AE)
    1) (beg) implorare, supplicare
    2) (argue) perorare, patrocinare

    to plead sb.'s case — dir. perorare o patrocinare la causa di qcn. (anche fig.)

    to plead insanity — dir. chiedere che venga riconosciuta l'infermità mentale

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. pleaded, pled AE)
    1) (beg) supplicare

    to plead with sb. — supplicare qcn. ( to do perché faccia)

    to plead with sb. for more time — supplicare qcn. di concedere più tempo

    2) dir. dichiararsi

    to plead guilty, not guilty (to a charge) — dichiararsi colpevole, innocente

    English-Italian dictionary > plead

  • 8 plead

    1. v юр. выступать в суде

    to plead a cause — вести процесс, защищать дело в суде

    2. v юр. защищать подсудимого, представлять его интересы
    3. v юр. подавать состязательную бумагу, подавать возражение по иску
    4. v юр. выставлять в качестве оправдания, довода; ссылаться
    5. v юр. юр. выступать в суде с заявлением; отвечать на обвинение; обращаться к суду
    6. v юр. призывать; просить; молить, умолять
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. argue (verb) argue; debate; persuade; reason; respond
    2. beg (verb) appeal; beg; beseech; brace; conjure; crave; entreat; implore; importune; invoke; petition; pray; solicit; supplicate
    3. defend (verb) allege; answer; apologise; apologize; cite; defend; make a plea; make excuse; vouch
    Антонимический ряд:

    English-Russian base dictionary > plead

  • 9 Plead

    v. trans.
    Urge in excuse: P. προφασίζεσθαι (also absol. in Ar.), P. and V. σκήπτειν (mid. in P.), προβάλλειν (mid. also in P.), προὔχεσθαι, προΐστασθαι (Eur., Cycl. 319), V. προτείνειν.
    Plead one's cause: Ar. and P. δικάζεσθαι.
    Make a defence: P. and V. ἀπολογεῖσθαι (Eur., Bacch. 41).
    Plead guilty: use confess.
    Plead for, ask for: P. and V. αἰτεῖν (acc.), αἰτεῖσθαι (acc.); see Ask.
    Beg off: P. and V. ἐξαιτεῖσθαι (acc.).
    Be advocate for: P. and V. συνηγορεῖν (dat.), συνδικεῖν (dat.). ὑπερδικεῖν (gen.) (Plat.), P. συναγορεύειν (dat.), συνειπεῖν (dat.).
    Mind how you plead for this man's acquittal: V. πῶς γὰρ τὸ φεύγειν τοῦδʼ ὑπερδικεῖς ὅρα (Æsch., Eum. 652).
    Plead with: see Entreat.

    Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Plead

  • 10 vorschützen

    v/t (trennb., hat -ge-) give ( oder use) as a pretext; Krankheit / Arbeit etc. vorschützen auch pretend to be ill / to have work to do etc.; vorschützen, man sei / habe etc. pretend to be / have etc., make out one is / has etc.; keine Müdigkeit vorschützen! umg. stop pretending to be tired!, Am. auch stop goldbricking!; fig. go on then!
    * * *
    to give as a pretext; to use as a pretext; to pretend
    * * *
    vor|schüt|zen
    vt sep
    to plead as an excuse, to put forward as a pretext; Krankheit auch to feign; Unwissenheit to plead

    er schützte vor, dass... — he pretended that...

    See:
    * * *
    vor|schüt·zen
    vt
    ▪ etw \vorschützen to use sth as an excuse
    Nichtwissen \vorschützen to plead ignorance
    ▪ \vorschützen, [dass...] to pretend [that...]; s.a. Müdigkeit
    * * *
    transitives Verb plead as an excuse

    wichtige Geschäfte/Krankheit vorschützen — pretend one has important business/feign illness; s. auch Müdigkeit

    * * *
    vorschützen v/t (trennb, hat -ge-) give ( oder use) as a pretext;
    Krankheit/Arbeit etc
    vorschützen auch pretend to be ill/to have work to do etc;
    vorschützen, man sei/habe etc pretend to be/have etc, make out one is/has etc;
    keine Müdigkeit vorschützen! umg stop pretending to be tired!, US auch stop goldbricking!; fig go on then!
    * * *
    transitives Verb plead as an excuse

    wichtige Geschäfte/Krankheit vorschützen — pretend one has important business/feign illness; s. auch Müdigkeit

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > vorschützen

  • 11 puolustautua

    yks.nom. puolustautua; yks.gen. puolustaudun; yks.part. puolustautui; yks.ill. puolustautuisi; mon.gen. puolustautukoon; mon.part. puolustautunut; mon.ill. puolustauduttiin
    defend oneself (verb)
    excuse oneself (verb)
    plead (verb)
    put up defence (verb)
    stand out (verb)
    * * *
    • justify
    • put up defence
    • put up a defense
    • put up a defence
    • stand out
    • excuse oneself
    • defend oneself
    • plead
    • plead as an excuse

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > puolustautua

  • 12 BERA

    * * *
    I)
    (ber; bar, bárum; borinn), v.
    I.
    1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup í börum suðr í Hvamm);
    bera (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship;
    bera (mat) af borði, to take (the meat) off the table;
    bera e-t á hesti, to carry on horseback;
    2) to wear (bera klæði, vápn, kórónu);
    bera œgishjálm, to inspire fear and awe;
    3) to bear, produce, yield (jörðin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli);
    4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows;
    kýr hafði borit kálf, had calved;
    absol., ván at hón mundi bera, that the cow would calve;
    the pp. is used of men; hann hafði verit blindr borinn, born blind;
    verða borinn í þenna heim, to be born into this world;
    þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, born to;
    borinn e-m, frá e-m (rare), born of;
    Nótt var Nörvi borin, was the daughter of N.;
    borinn Sigmundi, son of S.;
    5) bera e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrliði, ofrmagni, ofríki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force;
    bera e-n ráðum, to overrule one;
    bera e-n bjóri, to make drunk with beer;
    verða bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise;
    borinn verkjum, overcome by pains;
    þess er borin ván, there is no hope, all hope is gone;
    borinn baugum, bribed; cf. bera fé á e-n, to bribe one;
    6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle);
    þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, with as much as they could carry;
    fig., to sustain, support (svá mikill mannfjöldi, at landit fekk eigi borit);
    of persons, to bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, etc.);
    absol., bar hann drengiliga, he bore it manfully;
    similarly, bera (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lítt) af;
    bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore up bravely;
    hversu berst Auðr af um bróðurdauðann, how does she bear it?
    hon berst af lítt, she is much cast down;
    bera sik vel upp, to bear well up against;
    7) bera e-t á, e-n á hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum vér þess valdir, er þú berr á oss);
    bera (kvið) á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn);
    bera af e-m (kviðinn), to give a verdict for;
    bera e-t af sér, to deny having done a thing;
    bera or bera vitni, vætti, to bear witness, testify;
    bera or bera um e-t, to give a verdict in a case;
    bera e-n sannan at sök, to prove guilty by evidence;
    bera e-n undan sök, to acquit;
    bera í sundr frændsemi þeirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations;
    refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (þótt þér berist þat faðerni, er þú segir);
    8) to set forth, report, tell;
    bera e-m kveðju (orð, orðsending), to bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message);
    bera or bera fram erindi sín fyrir e-n, to state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before one;
    bera e-m njósn, to apprise one;
    bera e-t upp, to produce, mention, tell;
    bera upp erindi sín, to state one’s errand;
    bera saman ráð sín, to consult together;
    eyddist það ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed;
    9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (bera jarlnafn, konnungsnafn);
    bera (eigi) giptu, gæfu, hammingju, auðnu til e-s, (not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér);
    bera vit, skyn, kunnáttu á e-t, to have knowledge of, uniderstanding about;
    bera hug, áræði, þor, traust til e-s, to have courage, confidence to do a thing;
    bera áhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned about;
    bera ást, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to;
    10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain);
    bera sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in;
    hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles;
    bera hærra (lægra) hlut to get the best (the worst) of it;
    bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to gain the victory;
    bera hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), to be in high (low) spirits;
    bera halann bratt, lágt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits;
    11) with preps.:
    bera af e-m, to surpass;
    en þó bar Bolli af, surpassed all the rest;
    bera af sér högg, lag to ward off, parry a blow or thrust;
    bera eld at, to set fire to;
    bera fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one;
    bera á or í, to smear, anoint (bera vatn í augu sér, bera tjöru í höfuð sér);
    bera e-t til, to apply to, to try if it fits (bera til hvern lykil af öðrum at portinu);
    bera e-t um, to wind round;
    þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body;
    bera um með e-n, to bear with, have patience with;
    bera út barn, to expose a child;
    12) refl., berast mikit (lítit) á, to bear oneself proudly (humbly);
    láta af berast, to die;
    láta fyrir berast e-s staðar, to stay, remain in a place (for shelter);
    berast e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur);
    at njósna um, hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about;
    berast vápn á, to attack one another;
    berast at or til, to happen;
    þat barst at (happened) á einhverju sumri;
    ef svá harðliga kann til at berast, if that misfortune does happen;
    berast í móti, to happen, occur;
    hefir þetta vel í móti borizt, it is a happy coincidence;
    berast við, to be prevented;
    ok nú lét almáttugr guð við berast kirkjubrunann, prevented, stopped the burning of the church;
    II. impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion;
    alla berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end);
    bar hann (acc.) þá ofan gegnt Ösuri, he happened to come down just opposite to Ö.;
    esp. of ships and sailors; berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eða annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries;
    þá (acc.) bar suðr í haf, they were carried out southwards;
    Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, S. came suddenly upon them;
    ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera þar at, if he should happen to come there;
    e-n berr yfir, one is borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding;
    hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor);
    2) followed by preps.:
    Gunnar sér, at rauðan kyrtil bar við glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window;
    hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, there was nowhere a shadow;
    e-t berr fram (hátt), is prominent;
    Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingu ok bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, stood out conspicuously;
    e-t berr á milli, comes between;
    leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect;
    fig. e-m berr e-t á milli, they are at variance about a thing;
    mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, many things come now before my eyes;
    veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot;
    e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails;
    bera saman, to coincide;
    bar nöfn þeirra saman, they had the same name;
    fig., with dat.; bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together;
    fund várn bar saman, we met;
    3) bera at, til, við, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the person;
    svá bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter;
    þó at þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us;
    bar honum svá til, it so befell him;
    þat bar við (it so happened), at Högni kom;
    raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by fact;
    4) of time, to fall upon;
    ef þing (acc.) berr á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls in the holy week;
    bera í móti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time;
    5) denoting cause;
    e-t berr til, causes a thing;
    konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief;
    ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason;
    berr e-m nauðsyn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing;
    6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot;
    hon á arf at taka, þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn;
    e-t berr frá, is surpassing;
    er sagt, at þat (acc.) bæri frá, hvé vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they spoke;
    7) e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden;
    e-t berr stóru, stórum (stœrrum), it amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance;
    8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin.;
    e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, it becomes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a thing (berr yðr vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli);
    used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (þat þykkir eigi illa bera, at).
    (að), v. to make bare (hon beraði likam sinn).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f.
    I. [björn], a she-bear, Lat. ursa; the primitive root ‘ber’ remains only in this word (cp. berserkr and berfjall), björn (q. v.) being the masc. in use, Landn. 176, Fas. i. 367, Vkv. 9: in many Icel. local names, Beru-fjörðr, -vík, from Polar bears; fem. names, Bera, Hallbera, etc., Landn.
    II. a shield, poët., the proverb, baugr er á beru sæmstr, to a shield fits best a baugr (q. v.), Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.); hence names of poems Beru-drápa, Eg.
    2.
    bar, báru, borit, pres. berr,—poët. forms with the suffixed negative; 3rd pers. sing. pres. Indic. berrat, Hm. 10; 3rd pers. sing. pret. barat, Vellekla; 1st pers. sing. barkak, Eb. 62 (in a verse); barkat ek, Hs. 8; 2nd pers. sing. bartattu; 3rd pers. pl. bárut, etc., v. Lex. Poët. [Gr. φέρειν; Lat. ferre; Ulf. bairan; A. S. beran; Germ. gebären; Engl. bear; Swed. bära; Dan. bære].
    A. Lat. ferre, portare:
    I. prop. with a sense of motion, to bear, carry, by means of the body, of animals, of vehicles, etc., with acc., Egil tók mjöðdrekku eina mikla, ok bar undir hendi sér, Eg. 237; bar hann heim hrís, Rm. 9; konungr lét bera inn kistur tvær, báru tveir menn hverja, Eg. 310; bera farm af skipi, to unload a ship, Ld. 32; bera (farm) á skip, to load a ship, Nj. 182; tóku alla ösku ok báru á á ( amnem) út, 623, 36; ok bar þat ( carried it) í kerald, 43, K. Þ. K. 92; b. mat á borð, í stofu, to put the meat on table, in the oven; b. mat af borði, to take it off table, Eb. 36, 266, Nj. 75, Fms. ix. 219, etc.
    2. Lat. gestare, ferre, denoting to wear clothes, to carry weapons; skikkja dýr er konungr hafði borit, Eg. 318; b. kórónu, to wear the crown, Fms. x. 16; atgeir, Nj. 119; vápn, 209: metaph., b. ægishjálm, to inspire fear and awe; b. merki, to carry the flag in a battle, Nj. 274, Orkn. 28, 30, 38, Fms. v. 64, vi. 413; bera fram merki, to advance, move in a battle, vi. 406.
    3. b. e-t á hesti (áburðr), to carry on horseback; Auðunn bar mat á hesti, Grett. 107; ok bar hrís á hesti, 76 new Ed.; þeir báru á sjau hestum, 98 new Ed.
    II. without a sense of motion:
    1. to give birth to; [the root of barn, bairn; byrja, incipere; burðr, partus; and burr, filius: cp. Lat. parĕre; also Gr. φέρειν, Lat. ferre, of child-bearing.] In Icel. prose, old as well as mod., ‘ala’ and ‘fæða’ are used of women; but ‘bera,’ of cows and sheep; hence sauðburðr, casting of lambs, kýrburðr; a cow is snembær, siðbær, Jólabær, calves early, late, at Yule time, etc.; var ekki ván at hon ( the cow) mundi b. fyr en um várit, Bs. i. 193, 194; kýr hafði borit kálf, Bjarn. 32; bar hvárrtveggi sauðrinn sinn burð, Stj. 178: the participle borinn is used of men in a great many compds in a general sense, aptrborinn, árborinn, endrborinn, frjálsborinn, goðborinn, höldborinn, hersborinn, konungborinn, óðalborinn, samborinn, sundrborinn, velborinn, úborinn, þrælborinn, etc.; also out of compds, mun ek eigi upp gefa þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, … entitled to by inheritance, Ld. 102; hann hafði blindr verit borinn, born blind, Nj. 152, Hdl. 34, 42, Vsp. 2: esp. borinn e-m, born of one, Rm. 39, Hdl. 12, 23, 27, Hðm. 2, Gs. 9, Vþm. 25, Stor. 16, Vkv. 15; borinn frá e-m, Hdl. 24: the other tenses are in theol. Prose used of Christ, hans blezaða son er virðist at láta berast hingað í heim af sinni blezaðri móður, Fms. i. 281; otherwise only in poetry, eina dóttur (acc.) berr álfröðull (viz. the sun, regarded as the mother), Vþm. 47; hann Gjálp um bar, hann Greip um bar …, Hdl. 36: borit (sup.), Hkv. 1. 1.
    β. of trees, flowers; b. ávöxt, blóm …, to bear fruit, flower … (freq.); bar aldinviðrinn tvennan blóma, Fms. ix. 265; cp. the phrase, bera sitt barr, v. barr.
    2. denoting to load, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing:
    α. in prop. sense; hann hafði borit sik mjök vápnum, he had loaded himself with arms, i. e. wore heavy armour, Sturl. iii. 250.
    β. but mostly in a metaph. sense; b. e-n ofrafli, ofrmagni, ofrliði, ofríki, magni, to bear one down, to overcome, oppress one, by odds or superior force, Grág. i. 101, ii. 195, Nj. 80, Hkr. ii. 371, Gþl. 474, Stj. 512, Fms. iii. 175 (in the last passage a dat. pers. badly); b. e-n ráðum, to overrule one, Nj. 198, Ld. 296; b. e-n málum, to bearhim down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit, Nj. 151; b. e-n bjóri, to make drunk, Vkv. 26: medic., borinn verkjum, sótt, Bjarn. 68, Og. 5; bölvi, Gg. 2: borne down, feeling heavy pains; þess er borin ván, no hope, all hope is gone, Ld. 250; borinn sök, charged with a cause, Fms. v. 324, H. E. i. 561; bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise, Fms. iv. 111; b. fé, gull á e-n, to bring one a fee, gold, i. e. to bribe one, Nj. 62; borinn baugum, bribed, Alvm. 5; always in a bad sense, cp. the law phrase, b. fé í dóm, to bribe a court, Grág., Nj. 240.
    3. to bear, support, sustain, Lat. sustinere, lolerare, ferre:
    α. properly, of a ship, horse, vehicle, to bear, be capable of bearing; þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, all that they could carry, Eb. 302;—a ship ‘berr’ ( carries) such and such a weight; but ‘tekr’ ( takes) denotes a measure of fluids.
    β. metaph. to sustain, support; dreif þannig svá mikill mannfjöldi at landit fékk eigi borit, Hkr. i. 56; but metaph. to bear up against, endure, support grief, sorrow, etc., sýndist öllum at Guð hefði nær ætlað hvat hann mundi b. mega, Bs. i. 139; biðr hann friðar ok þykist ekki mega b. reiði hans, Fms. iii. 80: the phrase, b. harm sinn í hljóði, to suffer silently; b. svívirðing, x. 333: absol., þótti honum mikit víg Kjartans, en þó bar hann drengilega, he bore it manfully, Ld. 226; er þat úvizka, at b. eigi slíkt, not to bear or put up with, Glúm. 327; b. harm, to grieve, Fms. xi. 425: in the phrases, b. sik, b. af sér, berask, berask vel (illa, lítt), to bear oneself, to bear up against misfortune; Guðrúnu þótti mikit fráfall Þorkels, en þó bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore her bravely up, Ld. 326–328; lézt hafa spurt at ekkjan bæri vel af sér harmana, Eb. 88; berask af; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróðurdauðann? (how does she bear it?); hón bersk af lítt ( she is much borne down) ok þykir mikit, Gísl. 24; niun oss vandara gört en öðrum at vér berim oss vel (Lat. fortiter ferre), Nj. 197; engi maðr hefði þar jamvel borit sik, none bad borne himself so boldly, Sturl. iii. 132; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against, bear a stout heart, Hrafn. 17; b. sik beiskliga ( sorely), Stj. 143; b. sik lítt, to be downcast, Fms. ii. 61; b. sik at göra e-t, to do one’s best, try a thing.
    III. in law terms or modes of procedure:
    1. bera járn, the ordeal of bearing hot iron in the hand, cp. járnburðr, skírsla. This custom was introduced into Scandinavia together with Christianity from Germany and England, and superseded the old heathen ordeals ‘hólmganga,’ and ‘ganga undir jarðarmen,’ v. this word. In Norway, during the civil wars, it was esp. used in proof of paternity of the various pretenders to the crown, Fms. vii. 164, 200, ix. Hák. S. ch. 14, 41–45, viii. (Sverr. S.) ch. 150, xi. (Jómsv. S.) ch. 11, Grett. ch. 41, cp. N. G. L. i. 145, 389. Trial by ordeal was abolished in Norway A. D. 1247. In Icel. It was very rarely mentioned, vide however Lv. ch. 23 (paternity), twice or thrice in the Sturl. i. 56, 65, 147, and Grág. i. 341, 361; it seems to have been very seldom used there, (the passage in Grett. S. l. c. refers to Norway.)
    2. bera út (hence útburðr, q. v.), to expose children; on this heathen custom, vide Grimm R. A. In heathen Icel., as in other parts of heathen Scandinavia, it was a lawful act, but seldom exercised; the chief passages on record are, Gunnl. S. ch. 3 (ok þat var þá siðvandi nokkurr, er land var allt alheiðit, at þeir menn er félitlir vórn, en stóð ómegð mjök til handa létu út bera börn sín, ok þótti þó illa gört ávalt), Fs. Vd. ch. 37, Harð. S. ch. 8, Rd. ch. 7, Landn. v. ch. 6, Finnb. ch. 2, Þorst. Uxaf. ch. 4, Hervar. S. ch. 4, Fas. i. 547 (a romance); cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 1. On the introduction of Christianity into Icel. A. D. 1000, it was resolved that, in regard to eating of horse-flesh and exposure of children, the old laws should remain in force, Íb. ch. 9; as Grimm remarks, the exposure must take place immediately after birth, before the child had tasted food of any kind whatever, and before it was besprinkled with water (ausa vatni) or shown to the father, who had to fix its name; exposure, after any of these acts, was murder, cp. the story of Liafburga told by Grimm R. A.); v. Also a Latin essay at the end of the Gunnl. S. (Ed. 1775). The Christian Jus Eccl. put an end to this heathen barbarism by stating at its very beginning, ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr, i. e. all children, if not of monstrous shape, shall be brought up, N. G. L. i. 339, 363.
    β. b. út (now more usual, hefja út, Am. 100), to carry out for burial; vera erfðr ok tit borinn, Odd. 20; var hann heygðr, ok út borinn at fornum sið, Fb. i. 123; b. á bál, to place (the body and treasures) upon the pile, the mode of burying in the old heathen time, Fas. i. 487 (in a verse); var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi, Edda 38.
    B. Various and metaph. cases.
    I. denoting motion:
    1. ‘bera’ is in the Grág. the standing law term for delivery of a verdict by a jury (búar), either ‘bera’ absol. or adding kvið ( verdict); bera á e-n, or b. kvið á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty; bera af e-m, or b. af e-m kviðinn, to give a verdict for; or generally, bera, or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera, or b. vitni, vætti, also simply means to testify, to witness, Nj. 111, cp. kviðburðr ( delivering of verdict), vitnisburðr ( bearing witness), Grág. ii. 28; eigi eigu búar ( jurors) enn at b. um þat hvat lög eru á landi hér, the jurors have not to give verdict in (to decide) what is law in the country, cp. the Engl. maxim, that jurors have only to decide the question of evidence, not of law, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 85; eigi eru búar skildir at b. um hvatvetna; um engi mál eigu þeir at skilja, þau er erlendis ( abroad) hafa görzt, id.; the form in delivering the verdict—höfum vér ( the jurors), orðit á eitt sáttir, berum á kviðburðinn, berum hann sannan at sökinni, Nj. 238, Grág. i. 49, 22, 138, etc.; í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn, id.; b. annattveggja af eðr á; b. undan, to discharge, Nj. 135; b. kvið í hag ( for), Grág. i. 55; b. lýsingar vætti, Nj. 87; b. vitni ok vætti, 28, 43, 44; b. ljúgvitni, to bear false witness, Grág. i. 28; b. orð, to bear witness to a speech, 43; bera frændsemi sundr, to prove that they are not relations, N. G. L. i. 147: reflex., berask ór vætti, to prove that oneself is wrongly summoned to bear witness or to give a verdict, 44: berask in a pass. sense, to be proved by evidence, ef vanefni b. þess manns er á hönd var lýst, Grág. i. 257; nema jafnmæli berisk, 229; þótt þér berisk þat faðerni er þú segir, Fms. vii. 164; hann kvaðst ætla, at honum mundi berask, that he would be able to get evidence for, Fs. 46.
    β. gener. and not as a law term; b. á, b. á hendr, to charge; b. e-n undan, to discharge, Fs. 95; eigi erum vér þessa valdir er þú berr á oss, Nj. 238, Ld. 206, Fms. iv. 380, xi. 251, Th. 78; b. e-m á brýnn, to throw in one’s face, to accuse, Greg. 51; b. af sér, to deny; eigi mun ek af mér b., at… ( non diffitebor), Nj. 271; b. e-m gott vitni, to give one a good…, 11; b. e-m vel (illa) söguna, to bear favourable (unfavourable) witness of one, 271.
    2. to bear by word of mouth, report, tell, Lat. referre; either absol. or adding kveðju, orð, orðsending, eyrindi, boð, sögu, njósn, frétt…, or by adding a prep., b. fram, frá, upp, fyrir; b. kveðju, to bring a greeting, compliment, Eg. 127; b. erindi (sín) fyrir e-n, to plead one’s case before one, or to tell one’s errand, 472, 473; b. njósn, to apprise, Nj. 131; b. fram, to deliver (a speech), talaði jungherra Magnús hit fyrsta erindi (M. made his first speech in public), ok fanst mönnum mikit um hversu úbernsliga fram var borit, Fms. x. 53; (in mod. usage, b. fram denotes gramm. to pronounce, hence ‘framburðr,’ pronunciation); mun ek þat nú fram b., I shall now tell, produce it, Ld. 256, Eg. 37; b. frá, to attest, relate with emphasis; má þat frá b., Dropl. 21; b. upp, to produce, mention, tell, þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, though such a lie be told him, Eg. 59; þær (viz. charges) urðu engar upp bornar ( produced) við Rút, Nj. 11; berr Sigtryggr þegar upp erindi sín (cp. Germ. ojfenbaren), 271, Ld. 256; b. upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464; b. fyrir, to plead as an excuse; b. saman ráð sín, or the like, to consult, Nj. 91; eyddist þat ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed, Post. 656 A. ii; b. til skripta, to confess (eccl.), of auricular confession, Hom. 124, 655 xx.
    II. in a metaphorical or circumlocutory sense, and without any sense of motion, to keep, hold, bear, of a title; b. nafn, to bear a name, esp. as honour or distinction; tignar nafn, haulds nafn, jarls nafn, lends manns nafn, konungs nafn, bónda nafn, Fms. i. 17, vi. 278, xi. 44, Gþl. 106: in a more metaph. sense, denoting endowments, luck, disposition, or the like, b. (ekki) gæfu, hamingju, auðnu til e-s, to enjoy (enjoy not) good or bad luck, etc.; at Þórólfr mundi eigi allsendis gæfu til b. um vináttu við Harald, Eg. 75, 112, 473, Fms. iv. 164, i. 218; úhamingju, 219; b. vit, skyn, kunnáttu á (yfir) e-t, to bring wit, knowledge, etc., to bear upon a thing, xi. 438, Band. 7; hence vel (illa) viti borinn, well (ill) endowed with wit, Eg. 51; vel hyggjandi borinn, well endowed with reason, Grág. ii; b. hug, traust, áræði, þor, til e-s, to have courage, confidence … to do a thing, Gullþ. 47, Fms. ix. 220, Band. 7; b. áhyggju, önn fyrir, to care, be concerned about, Fms. x. 318; b. ást, elsku til e-s, to bear affection, love to one; b. hatr, to hate: b. svört augu, to have dark eyes, poët., Korm. (in a verse); b. snart hjarta, Hom. 5; vant er þat af sjá hvar hvergi berr hjarta sitt, where he keeps his heart, Orkn. 474; b. gott hjarta, to bear a proud heart, Lex. Poët., etc. etc.; b. skyndi at um e-t, to make speed with a thing, Lat. festinare, Fms. viii. 57.
    2. with some sense of motion, to bear off or away, carry off, gain, in such phrases as, b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in …; hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orrustum, er frægstar hafa verit, he had borne off the victory in two battles, Fms. xi. 186; bera banaorð af e-m, to slay one in a fight, to be the victor; Þorr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi, Edda 42, Fms. x. 400: it seems properly to mean, to bear off the fame of having killed a man; verðat svá rík sköp, at Regin skyli mitt banorð bera, Fm. 39; b. hærra, lægra hlut, ‘to bear off the higher or the lower lot,’ i. e. to get the best or the worst of it, or the metaphor is taken from a sortilege, Fms. ii. 268, i. 59, vi. 412; b. efra, hærra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, to get the victory, x. 394, Lex. Poët.; b. hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), i. e. to be in high or low spirits, Nj. 91; but also, b. halann bratt (lágt), to cock up or let fall the tail (metaph. from cattle), to be in an exultant or low mood: sundry phrases, as, b. bein, to rest the bones, be buried; far þú til Íslands, þar mun þér auðið verða beinin at b., Grett. 91 A; en þó hygg ek at þú munir hér b. beinin í Norðrálfunni, Orkn. 142; b. fyrir borð, to throw overboard, metaph. to oppress; verðr Þórhalli nú fyrir borð borinn, Th. was defied, set at naught, Fær. 234; b. brjóst fyrir e-m, to be the breast-shield, protection of one, Fms. vii. 263: also, b. hönd fyrir höfuð sér, metaph. to put one’s hand before one’s head, i. e. to defend oneself; b. ægishjálm yfir e-m, to keep one in awe and submission, Fm. 16, vide A. I. 2.
    III. connected with prepp., b. af, and (rarely) yfir (cp. afburðr, yfirburðr), to excel, surpass; eigi sá hvárttveggja féit er af öðrum berr, who gets the best of it, Nj. 15; en þó bar Bolli af, B. surpassed all the rest, Ld. 330; þat mannval bar eigi minnr af öðrum mönnum um fríðleik, afi ok fræknleik, en Ormrinn Langi af öðrum skipum, Fms. ii. 252; at hinn útlendi skal yfir b. ( outdo) þann sem Enskir kalla meistara, xi. 431: b. til, to apply, try if it fits; en er þeir báru til (viz. shoes to the hoof of a horse), þá var sem hæfði hestinum, ix. 55; bera til hvern lykil at öðrum at portinu, Thom. 141; b. e-t við, to try it on (hence viðburðr, experiment, effort): b. um, to wind round, as a cable round a pole or the like, Nj. 115; þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body, Fms. ix. 219; ‘b. e-t undir e-n’ is to consult one, ellipt., b. undir dóm e-s; ‘b. e-t fyrir’ is to feign, use as excuse: b. á, í, to smear, anoint; b. vatn í augu sér, Rb. 354; b. tjöru í höfuð sér, Nj. 181, Hom. 70, 73, cp. áburðr; b. gull, silfr, á, to ornament with gold or silver, Ld. 114, Finnb. 258: is now also used = to dung, b. á völl; b. vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons, Eg. 583, Fms. xi. 334: b. eld at, to set fire to, Nj. 122; b. fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one, Fms. x. 172, Hm. 150: metaph. reflex., bönd berask at e-m, a law term, the evidence bears against one; b. af sér, to parry off; Gyrðr berr af sér lagit, G. parries the thrust off, Fms. x. 421; cp. A. II. 3. β.
    IV. reflex., berask mikit á (cp. áburðr), to bear oneself proudly, or b. lítið á, to bear oneself humbly; hann var hinn kátasti ok barst á mikit, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 219, Eb. 258; b. lítið á, Clem. 35; láta af berask, to die; Óttarr vill skipa til um fjárfar sitt áðr hann láti af b., Fms. ii. 12: berask fyrir, to abide in a place as an asylum, seek shelter; hér munu vit láta fyrir b., Fas. iii. 471; berask e-t fyrir, to design a thing, be busy about, barsk hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur, Greg. 53; at njósna um hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about, Fms. iv. 184, Vígl. 19.
    β. recipr. in the phrase, berask banaspjót eptir, to seek for one another’s life, Glúm. 354: b. vápn á, of a mutual attack with sharp weapons, Fms. viii. 53.
    γ. pass., sár berask á e-n, of one in the heat of battle beginning to get wounds and give way, Nj.:—berask við, to be prevented, not to do; ok nú lét Almáttugr Guð við berast kirkjubrunnann, stopped, prevented the burning of the church, Fms. v. 144; en mér þætti gott ef við bærist, svá at hón kæmi eigi til þín, vi. 210, vii. 219; ok var þá búit at hann mundi þegar láta hamarinn skjanna honum, en hann lét þat við berask, he bethought himself and did not, Edda 35; því at mönnum þótti sem þannig mundi helzt úhæfa við berask, that mischief would thus be best prevented, Sturl. ii. 6, iii. 80.
    C. IMPERS.:—with a sort of passive sense, both in a loc. and temp. sense, and gener. denotes an involuntary, passive motion, happening suddenly or by chance:
    I. with acc. it bears or carries one to a place, i. e. one happens to come; the proverb, alla (acc.) berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end), Lat. omnes una manet nox; bar hann þá ofan gegnt Özuri, he happened to come in his course just opposite to Ö., Lat. delatus est, Dropl. 25: esp. of ships or sailors; nú berr svá til ( happens) herra, at vér komum eigi fram ferðinni, berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eðr annara landa, it bore us to I., i. e. if we drive or drift thither, Fms. iv. 176; þá (acc. pl.) bar suðr í haf, they drifted southwards, Nj. 124.
    β. as a cricketing term, in the phrase, berr (bar) út knöttinn, the ball rolls out, Gísl. 26, cp. p. 110 where it is transit.; berr Gísli ok út knöttinn, vide Vígl. ch. 11, Grett. ch. 17, Vd. ch. 37, Hallfr. S. ch. 2.
    γ. Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, Sk. came suddenly upon them, Nj. 144; bar at Hróaldi þegar allan skjöldinn, the shield was dashed against H.’s body, 198; ok skyldu sæta honum, ef hann (acc.) bæri þar at, if he should per chance come, shew himself there, Orkn. 406; e-n berr yfir, it bears one, i. e. one is borne onwards, as a bird flying, a man riding; þóttist vita, at hann (acc.) mundi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði en gengi, that he would get on more fleetly riding than walking, Hrafn. 7; hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, he passed quickly, of a flying meteor, Nj. 194; e-n berr undan, escapes.
    2. also with acc. followed by prepp. við, saman, jafnframt, hjá, of bodies coinciding or covering one another: loc., er jafnframt ber jaðrana tungls ok sólar, if the orb of the moon and sun cover each other, Rb. 34; þat kann vera stundum, at tunglit (acc.) berr jafht á millum vár ok sólar (i. e. in a moon eclipse), 108; ber nokkut jaðar (acc.) þess hjá sólar jaðri, 34; Gunnarr sér at rauðan kyrtil (acc.) bar við glugginn, G. sees that a red kirtle passed before the window, Nj. 114; bar fyrir utan þat skip vápnaburð (acc.) heiðingja (gen. pl.), the missiles of the heathens passed over the ship without hurting them, flew too high, Fms. vii. 232; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, nowhere a shadow, all bright, Nj. 118; þangat sem helzt mátti nokkut yfir þá skugga bera af skóginum, where they were shadowed (hidden) by the trees, Fms. x. 239; e-t berr fram (hátt), a body is prominent, Lat. eminet; Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingunni, bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, king O. stood out conspicuously, ii. 308; b. yfir, þótti mjök bera hljóð (acc.) þar yfir er Ólafr sat, the sound was heard over there where O. sat, Sturl. i. 21; b. á milli, something comes between; leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect, Nj. 263: metaph., e-m berr e-t á milli, they come to dissent, 13, v. 1.; b. fyrir augu (hence fyrirburðr, vision), of a vision or the like; mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, ek sé …, many things come now before my eyes, 104; hann mundi allt þat er fyrir hann hafði borit, i. e. all the dream, 195; eina nótt berr fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137, Rd. 290; veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m (a metaphor from hunting), sport falls to one’s lot; hér bæri veiði í hendr nú, here would be a game, Nj. 252; e-t berr undan (a metaphor from fishing, hunting term), when one misses one’s opportunity; vel væri þá … at þá veiði (acc.) bæri eigi undan, that this game should not go amiss, 69; en ef þetta (acc.) berr undan, if this breaks down, 63; hon bað hann þá drepa einhvern manna hans, heldr en allt (acc.) bæri undan, rather than that all should go amiss, Eg. 258: absol., þyki mér illa, ef undan berr, if I miss it, Nj. 155; viljum vér ekki at undan beri at…, we will by no means miss it…, Fms. viii. 309, v. 1. The passage Bs. i. 416 (en fjárhlutr sá er átt hafði Ari, bar undan Guðmundi) is hardly correct, fjárhlut þann would run better, cp. bera undir, as a law term, below.
    II. adding prepp.; b. við, at, til, at hendi, at móti, til handa …, to befall, happen, Lat. accidere, occurrere, with dat. of the person, (v. atburðr, viðburðr, tilburðr); engi hlut skyldi þann at b., no such thing should happen as…, Fms. xi. 76; svá bar at einn vetr, it befell, x. 201; þat hefir nú víst at hendi borit, er…, Nj. 174; þó þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, Eg. 7; b. til handa, id., Sks. 327; bar honum svá til, so it befell him, Fms. xi. 425; at honum bæri engan váðaligan hlut til á veginum, that nothing dangerous should befall him on the way, Stj. 212; bæri þat þá svá við, at hann ryfi, it then perchance might happen, that …, 102; þat bar við at Högni kom, 169, 172, 82; raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by the fact, event, Fms. ix. 474, x. 185.
    2. temp., e-t berr á, it happens to fall on …; ef þing (acc.) ber á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls on the holy week (Whitsun), Grág. i. 106; ef Crucis messu (acc.) berr á Drottins dag, Rb. 44; berr hana (viz. Petrs messu, June 29) aldrei svá optarr á öldinni, 78; þat er nú berr oss næst, what has occurred of late, Sturl. iii. 182: b. í móti, to happen exactly at a time; þetta (acc.) bar í móti at þenna sama dag andaðist Brandr biskup, Bs. i. 468; b. saman, id.; bar þat saman, at pá var Gunnarr at segja brennusöguna, just when G. was about telling the story, Nj. 269.
    3. metaph. of agreement or separation; en þat (acc.) þykir mjök saman b. ok þessi frásögn, Fms. x. 276: with dat., bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the records agreed well together, Nj. 100, v. l.; berr nú enn í sundr með þeim, Bjarna ok Þorkatli at sinni, B. and Th. missed each other, Vápn. 25.
    4. denoting cause; e-t (acc.) berr til …, causes a thing; ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason, Nj. 75; at þat beri til skilnaðar okkars, that this will make us to part (divorce), 261; konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief? Fms. vi. 355; þat berr til tunglhlaups, Rb. 32.
    β. meiri ván at brátt beri þat (acc.) til bóta, at herviliga steypi hans ríki, i. e. there will soon come help (revenge), Fms. x. 264; fjórir eru þeir hlutir er menn (acc.) berr í ætt á landi hér, there are four cases under which people may be adopted, Grág. i. 361.
    γ. e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot; hon á arf at taka þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn, 179; mikla erfð (acc.) bar undir hana, Mar. (Fr.); berr yfir, of surpassing, Bs. ii. 121, 158; b. frá, id. (fráburðr); herðimikill svá at þat (acc.) bar frá því sem aðrir menn, Eg. 305; er sagt, at þat bæri frá hve vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they did speak, Jb. 11; bar þat mest frá hversu illa hann var limaðr, but above all, how…, Ó. H. 74.
    5. with adverbial nouns in a dat. form; e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden; berr þetta (acc.) nú allbráðum, Fms. xi. 139; cp. vera bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise (above); berr stórum, stærrum, it matters a great deal; ætla ek stærrum b. hin lagabrotin (acc.), they are much more important, matter more, vii. 305; var þat góðr kostr, svá at stórum bar, xi. 50; hefir oss orðit svá mikil vanhyggja, at stóru berr, an enormous blunder, Gísl. 51; svá langa leið, at stóru bar, Fas. i. 116; þat berr stórum, hversu mér þóknast vel þeirra athæfi, it amounts to a great deal, my liking their service, i. e. I do greatly like, Fms. ii. 37; eigi berr þat allsmám hversu vel mér líkar, in no small degree do I like, x. 296.
    β. with dat., it is fitting, becoming; svá mikit sem landeiganda (dat.) berr til at hafa eptir lögum, what he is legally entitled to, Dipl. iii. 10; berr til handa, it falls to one’s lot, v. above, Grág. i. 93.
    III. answering to Lat. oportet, absolutely or with an adverb, vel, illa, with infinit.; e-m berr, it beseems, becomes one; berr þat ekki né stendr þvílíkum höfuðfeðr, at falsa, Stj. 132; berr yðr (dat.) vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli, Fms. ix. 326; sagði, at þat bar eigi Kristnum mönnum, at særa Guð, x. 22; þá siðu at mér beri vel, Sks. 353 B: used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, unbeseeming, unfit, improper; athæfi þat er vel beri fyrir konungs augliti, 282; þat þykir ok eigi illa bera, at maðr hafi svart skinn til hosna, i. e. it suits pretty well, 301: in case of a pers. pron. in acc. or dat. being added, the sentence becomes personal in order to avoid doubling the impers. sentence, e. g. e-m berr skylda (not skyldu) til, one is bound by duty; veit ek eigi hver skylda (nom.) yðr (acc.) ber til þess at láta jarl einn ráða, Fms. i. 52: also leaving the dat. out, skylda berr til at vera forsjámaðr með honum, vii. 280; eigi berr hér til úviska mín, it is not that I am not knowing, Nj. 135.
    IV. when the reflex. inflexion is added to the verb, the noun loses its impers. character and is turned from acc. into nom., e. g. þar (þat?) mun hugrinn minn mest hafa fyrir borizt, this is what I suspected, fancied, Lv. 34; cp. hugarburðr, fancy, and e-t berr fyrir e-n (above, C. I. 2); hefir þetta (nom.) vel í móti borizt, a happy coincidence, Nj. 104; ef svá harðliga kann til at berask, if the misfortunes do happen, Gþl. 55; barsk sú úhamingja (nom.) til á Íslandi, that mischief happened (no doubt the passage is thus to be emended), Bs. i. 78, but bar þá úhamingju …; þat (nom.) barsk at, happened, Fms. x. 253; fundir várir (nom.) hafa at borizt nokkurum sinnum, vii. 256; þat barsk at á einhverju sumri, Eg. 154; bærist at um síðir at allr þingheimrinn berðist, 765, cp. berast við, berask fyrir above (B. V.): berast, absol., means to be shaken, knocked about; var þess ván, at fylkingar mundu berast í hergöngunni, that they would be brought into some confusion, Fms. v. 74; Hrólfr gékk at ramliga, ok barst Atli (was shaken, gave away) fyrir orku sakir, þar til er hann féll. Fas. iii. 253; barst Jökull allr fyrir orku sakir (of two wrestling), Ísl. ii. 467, Fms. iii. 189: vide B. IV.
    D. In mod. usage the strong bera—bar is also used in impersonal phrases, denoting to let a thing be seen, shew, but almost always with a negative preceding, e. g. ekki bar (ber) á því, it could ( can) not be seen; að á engu bæri, láta ekki á bera ( to keep tight), etc. All these phrases are no doubt alterations from the weak verb bera, að, nudare, and never occur in old writers; we have not met with any instance previous to the Reformation; the use is certainly of late date, and affords a rare instance of weak verbs turning into strong; the reverse is more freq. the case.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BERA

  • 13 excuso

    ex-cūso ( excuss-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [causa; cf. accuso, from ad-causa; qs. to release from a charge, to free from blame; hence], to excuse a person or thing.
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    With a personal object, aliquem alicui:

    Atticae meae velim me ita excuses, ut omnem culpam in te transferas,

    Cic. Att. 15, 28; cf.:

    aliquem alicui per litteras,

    id. Fam. 11, 15, 1; and:

    his omnibus me vehementer excusatum volo,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 40, § 103.—With quod:

    Titium excusavit Vespa Terentius, quod eum brachium fregisse diceret,

    id. de Or. 2, 62, 253:

    Libo excusat Bibulum, quod is, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 16, 3:

    primum me tibi excuso in eo ipso, in quo te accuso,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 1:

    se de aliqua re,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1:

    de me excusando apud Apuleium, dederam ad te litteras,

    Cic. Att. 12, 14, 1:

    se alicui,

    Plaut. As. 4, 2, 4; Quint. 4, 1, 75 et saep.—In pass.:

    cura, ut excuser morbi causa in dies singulos,

    Cic. Att. 12, 13, 2: si citatus judex non responderit excuseturque Areopagites esse, etc., excuses himself as being, etc., id. Phil. 5, 5, 14:

    dixi, cur excusatus abirem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 7:

    apud Appuleium in dies ut excuser videbis,

    Cic. Att. 12, 15, 1:

    me excusatum esse apud Appuleium a Laterense,

    id. ib. 12, 17, 1.—
    (β).
    With inanim. or abstr. objects, to excuse, apologize for:

    Varroni memineris excusare tarditatem litterarum mearum,

    Cic. Att. 15, 26 fin.:

    habitum permutatum,

    Quint. 3, 7, 6:

    palliolum, fascias, etc. (sola valetudo),

    id. 11, 3, 144:

    commentarios,

    id. 10, 7, 31:

    missos ignes,

    Ov. M. 2, 397;

    dolorem,

    id. ib. 4, 256:

    toros,

    Stat. Th. 2, 256:

    reditum Agrippinae ob imminentem partum et hiemem,

    her not returning, Tac. A. 1, 44.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Aliquid (alicui), i. q. se propter aliquid, to allege in excuse, to plead as an excuse, to excuse one's self with.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    propinquitatem excusavit,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 1:

    morbum,

    id. ib. 9, 4, 8:

    inopiam (with calamitatem queri),

    Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3:

    valetudinem,

    Liv. 6, 22 fin.:

    imbecillitatem,

    Suet. Tib. 6:

    vires,

    Ov. M. 14, 462:

    diversa,

    Tac. A. 3, 11 et saep.:

    ille Philippo Excusare laborem et mercenaria vincla, Quod non mane domum venisset, etc.,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 67:

    dictatorem se apud patres excusare solitum,

    Liv. 6, 39, 4:

    aliquid apud aliquem,

    Curt. 5, 10, 8; Suet. Tib. 68.— Pass.:

    quae apud Vitellium excusanda erant,

    Tac. H. 2, 85:

    excusata necessitas praesentium,

    id. ib. 1, 78:

    excusata rei familiaris mediocritate,

    Suet. Aug. 101:

    excusatus languor faucium, propter quem non adesset,

    id. Ner. 41 et saep.—
    (β).
    With an object-clause:

    si prehensi sumus, excusemus, ebrios Nos fecisse, etc.,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 19 (but in id. Merc. 2, 3, 126, the correct reading is incusato, v. Ritschl ad h. l.): excusanti, minus datum ad occultandam facinoris invidiam, Suet. Ner. 33; id. Aug. 69.—
    B.
    Aliquem ab aliqua re, aliqua re, or alicui rei, to excuse, absolve one from any thing; to discharge, dispense with one (postAug.):

    a coepta (tutela) excusari,

    Dig. 27, 1, 11:

    collegarum filiorum tutela excusari,

    ib. 9; cf. Ambros. in Psa. 1, § 46:

    cui excusari mallet,

    Tac. A. 1. 12; Vulg. Luc. 14, 19. But (class.):

    se de aliqua re: legati venerunt, qui se de superioris temporis consilio excusarent, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1.—
    C.
    Se ab aliqua re, to shelter, protect one's self from any thing (post-class.):

    ut invicom se a calore excusent (plantae),

    Pall. Nov. 7, 2. —Hence,
    D.
    Aliquid aliqua re, to compensate, atone for any thing (post-Aug. and rare):

    nefas armis,

    Claud. de Bell. Get. 562; Stat. Th. 6, 44; Plin. Pan. 32, 4.—Hence, excūsātus, a, um, P. a., excused (postAug. and rare):

    hoc et ego excusatior, si forte sum lapsus, et tu dignior laude,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 11; 4, 5, 4:

    excusatissimus essem, etiamsi, etc.,

    Sen. Const. Sap. 29.— Adv.: excūsātē, without blame, excusably:

    fieri id videtur excusate,

    Quint. 2, 1, 13.— Comp.:

    quod exoratus excusatius facies,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 3; Tac. A. 3, 68; Just. 32, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excuso

  • 14 excusso

    ex-cūso ( excuss-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [causa; cf. accuso, from ad-causa; qs. to release from a charge, to free from blame; hence], to excuse a person or thing.
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    With a personal object, aliquem alicui:

    Atticae meae velim me ita excuses, ut omnem culpam in te transferas,

    Cic. Att. 15, 28; cf.:

    aliquem alicui per litteras,

    id. Fam. 11, 15, 1; and:

    his omnibus me vehementer excusatum volo,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 40, § 103.—With quod:

    Titium excusavit Vespa Terentius, quod eum brachium fregisse diceret,

    id. de Or. 2, 62, 253:

    Libo excusat Bibulum, quod is, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 16, 3:

    primum me tibi excuso in eo ipso, in quo te accuso,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 1:

    se de aliqua re,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1:

    de me excusando apud Apuleium, dederam ad te litteras,

    Cic. Att. 12, 14, 1:

    se alicui,

    Plaut. As. 4, 2, 4; Quint. 4, 1, 75 et saep.—In pass.:

    cura, ut excuser morbi causa in dies singulos,

    Cic. Att. 12, 13, 2: si citatus judex non responderit excuseturque Areopagites esse, etc., excuses himself as being, etc., id. Phil. 5, 5, 14:

    dixi, cur excusatus abirem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 7:

    apud Appuleium in dies ut excuser videbis,

    Cic. Att. 12, 15, 1:

    me excusatum esse apud Appuleium a Laterense,

    id. ib. 12, 17, 1.—
    (β).
    With inanim. or abstr. objects, to excuse, apologize for:

    Varroni memineris excusare tarditatem litterarum mearum,

    Cic. Att. 15, 26 fin.:

    habitum permutatum,

    Quint. 3, 7, 6:

    palliolum, fascias, etc. (sola valetudo),

    id. 11, 3, 144:

    commentarios,

    id. 10, 7, 31:

    missos ignes,

    Ov. M. 2, 397;

    dolorem,

    id. ib. 4, 256:

    toros,

    Stat. Th. 2, 256:

    reditum Agrippinae ob imminentem partum et hiemem,

    her not returning, Tac. A. 1, 44.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Aliquid (alicui), i. q. se propter aliquid, to allege in excuse, to plead as an excuse, to excuse one's self with.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    propinquitatem excusavit,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 1:

    morbum,

    id. ib. 9, 4, 8:

    inopiam (with calamitatem queri),

    Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3:

    valetudinem,

    Liv. 6, 22 fin.:

    imbecillitatem,

    Suet. Tib. 6:

    vires,

    Ov. M. 14, 462:

    diversa,

    Tac. A. 3, 11 et saep.:

    ille Philippo Excusare laborem et mercenaria vincla, Quod non mane domum venisset, etc.,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 67:

    dictatorem se apud patres excusare solitum,

    Liv. 6, 39, 4:

    aliquid apud aliquem,

    Curt. 5, 10, 8; Suet. Tib. 68.— Pass.:

    quae apud Vitellium excusanda erant,

    Tac. H. 2, 85:

    excusata necessitas praesentium,

    id. ib. 1, 78:

    excusata rei familiaris mediocritate,

    Suet. Aug. 101:

    excusatus languor faucium, propter quem non adesset,

    id. Ner. 41 et saep.—
    (β).
    With an object-clause:

    si prehensi sumus, excusemus, ebrios Nos fecisse, etc.,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 19 (but in id. Merc. 2, 3, 126, the correct reading is incusato, v. Ritschl ad h. l.): excusanti, minus datum ad occultandam facinoris invidiam, Suet. Ner. 33; id. Aug. 69.—
    B.
    Aliquem ab aliqua re, aliqua re, or alicui rei, to excuse, absolve one from any thing; to discharge, dispense with one (postAug.):

    a coepta (tutela) excusari,

    Dig. 27, 1, 11:

    collegarum filiorum tutela excusari,

    ib. 9; cf. Ambros. in Psa. 1, § 46:

    cui excusari mallet,

    Tac. A. 1. 12; Vulg. Luc. 14, 19. But (class.):

    se de aliqua re: legati venerunt, qui se de superioris temporis consilio excusarent, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1.—
    C.
    Se ab aliqua re, to shelter, protect one's self from any thing (post-class.):

    ut invicom se a calore excusent (plantae),

    Pall. Nov. 7, 2. —Hence,
    D.
    Aliquid aliqua re, to compensate, atone for any thing (post-Aug. and rare):

    nefas armis,

    Claud. de Bell. Get. 562; Stat. Th. 6, 44; Plin. Pan. 32, 4.—Hence, excūsātus, a, um, P. a., excused (postAug. and rare):

    hoc et ego excusatior, si forte sum lapsus, et tu dignior laude,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 11; 4, 5, 4:

    excusatissimus essem, etiamsi, etc.,

    Sen. Const. Sap. 29.— Adv.: excūsātē, without blame, excusably:

    fieri id videtur excusate,

    Quint. 2, 1, 13.— Comp.:

    quod exoratus excusatius facies,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 3; Tac. A. 3, 68; Just. 32, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excusso

  • 15 anführen

    v/t (trennb., hat -ge-)
    1. lead; MIL. auch command; (Bewegung, Entwicklung etc.) head, spearhead; (Tabelle etc.) be at the head of
    2. (erwähnen, sagen) state, say; (Gründe) put forward, state; (zitieren) quote, cite a law etc.; (Beweise, Zeugen) produce; zur Verteidigung, Entschuldigung: state (in s.o.’s defen|ce [ Am. -se]), plead (as an excuse)
    3. umg. (foppen) have (Am. put) s.o. on, take s.o. for a ride
    * * *
    (erwähnen) to mention;
    (leiten) to head; to lead;
    (zitieren) to quote; to cite
    * * *
    ạn|füh|ren
    vt sep
    1) (= vorangehen, befehligen) to lead
    2) (= zitieren) to quote, to cite; Tatsachen, Beispiel to quote, to cite, to give; Einzelheiten to give; Umstand to cite, to refer to; Grund, Beweis to give, to offer; (= benennen) jdn to name, to cite
    4)

    jdn anführen (inf) — to have sb on (inf), to take sb for a ride (inf)

    der lässt sich leicht anführen — he's easily taken in

    * * *
    1) (to be captain of (something non-military): John captained the football team last year.) captain
    2) (to be first (in): An official car led the procession; He is still leading in the competition.) lead
    3) (to speak of or refer to: He mentioned the plan.) mention
    4) (to mention or state in support of an argument: to quote an example.) quote
    * * *
    an|füh·ren
    vt
    ▪ jdn/etw \anführen to lead sb/sth
    Truppen \anführen to command [or lead] troops
    2. (fig: zitieren)
    ▪ etw \anführen to quote sth
    ein Beispiel/Beweise/einen Grund \anführen to give an example/evidence/a reason
    3. (fig: benennen)
    ▪ jdn \anführen to name sb
    4. (fig fam: hereinlegen)
    ▪ jdn \anführen to take sb in, to have sb on sep
    ▪ sich von jdm \anführen lassen to be taken for a ride by sb, to be taken in by sb
    * * *
    1) lead; lead, head < procession>
    2) (zitieren) quote
    3) (nennen) quote, give, offer < example>; give, offer <details, reason, proof>
    4) (ugs.): (hereinlegen) have on (Brit. coll.); dupe
    * * *
    anführen v/t (trennb, hat -ge-)
    1. lead; MIL auch command; (Bewegung, Entwicklung etc) head, spearhead; (Tabelle etc) be at the head of
    2. (erwähnen, sagen) state, say; (Gründe) put forward, state; (zitieren) quote, cite a law etc; (Beweise, Zeugen) produce; zur Verteidigung, Entschuldigung: state (in sb’s defence [ US -se]), plead (as an excuse)
    3. umg (foppen) have (US put) sb on, take sb for a ride
    * * *
    1) lead; lead, head < procession>
    2) (zitieren) quote
    3) (nennen) quote, give, offer < example>; give, offer <details, reason, proof>
    4) (ugs.): (hereinlegen) have on (Brit. coll.); dupe
    * * *
    v.
    to adduce v.
    to invoke v.
    to lead v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: led)
    to quote v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > anführen

  • 16 forátta

    f. pretext; finna e-t til foráttu, to plead as one’s excuse.
    * * *
    u, f., an older form forurtir, contr. foróttir, f. pl. occurs,—forutta-laust, Grág. i. 329, 377 (Kb. ii. 42 forótta-laust), 468; forátta-laust, Kb. i. 133, 136; but forátta, Nj. 15, Eb. 40: [Ulf. fra-waurhts = ἁμαρτιά; the etymology of the word seems to be ‘for’ in a privative sense, and ‘verk,’ cp. A. S. forwyrht = peccatum; in the Icel. it is used as a law term]:—a cause of forfeiture, an act whereby the other party has ‘forfeited’ his right, but it is not used in a criminal sense = Germ. verbrechen; ef honum þykkja forurtir til þess, Grág. l. c.: the phrase, forótta-laust or forurta-laust (foryfta-laust, N. G. L. i. 29, is a false reading), sine causa legali, Grág. l. c.: chiefly in divorce cases, the phrase, finna til foráttu, to plead as an excuse, Nj., Eb. l. c.
    II. in mod. usage = forað; foráttu-brim, foráttu-veðr, n. a heavy surf, strong gale, etc.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > forátta

  • 17 obtendo

    ob-tendo, di, tum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    To draw, stretch, spread, or place before (cf. obtego; not freq. till after the Aug. per.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Proque viro nebulam et ventos obtendere inanes, Verg. A. 10, 82:

    sudarium ante faciem,

    Suet. Ner. 48.— Poet.:

    obtentā nocte,

    i. e. in dark night, Verg. G. 1, 248.—
    2.
    Pass., with mid. force:

    oculis membrana obtenditur,

    spreads over, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 153:

    Britannia Germaniae obtenditur,

    lies over against Germany, Tac. Agr. 10.—
    B.
    Trop., to pretend, allege, plead as an excuse:

    matris preces obtendens,

    Tac. A. 3, 17:

    ad ea Drusus cum arbitrium senatūs obtenderet,

    id. ib. 1, 26:

    valetudinem corporis, aetatem liberūm, nubilem filiam,

    id. ib. 3, 35:

    suae imbecillitati sanitatis appellationem obtendunt,

    Quint. 12, 10, 15: rationem turpitudini, Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 15:

    qui delictis suis excusationem carnis obtendet,

    Lact. 4, 24, 10:

    quid poterimus obtendere,

    plead what excuse, Vulg. Gen. 44, 16.—
    II.
    Transf., to cover, hide, conceal.
    A.
    Lit.:

    obtendunt limina silvis,

    Stat. Th. 2, 248:

    lucem pulvere,

    Sil. 10, 228:

    diem nube atrā,

    Tac. H. 3, 56.—
    B.
    Trop., to hide, conceal, envelop:

    quasi velis quibusdam obtenditur uniuscujusque natura,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 15.—
    2.
    To spread over, make a cover for:

    Vitellius curis luxum obtendebat,

    i. e. sought a refuge from, Tac. H. 3, 36 init.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obtendo

  • 18 allegare

    documento enclose, inclose
    * * *
    allegare1 v.tr.
    1 ( accludere) to enclose: alleghiamo i documenti richiesti, please find enclosed the required documents
    2 (inform.) to attach
    3 ( i denti) to set on edge: la frutta acerba mi allega i denti, sour fruit sets my teeth on edge
    4 (ant.) (metall.) to alloy
    ◆ v. intr.
    1 (bot.) ( attecchire) to take root; to set
    2 (metall.) to alloy.
    allegare2 v.tr. (letter.) ( produrre, addurre) to allege, to plead as an excuse, to give* as a reason to cite, to adduce, to produce as evidence, to advance, to plead.
    * * *
    [alle'gare]
    verbo transitivo (accludere) to enclose [ assegno] (a with, in); to enclose, to attach [ documento]
    * * *
    allegare
    /alle'gare/ [1]
    (accludere) to enclose [ assegno] (a with, in); to enclose, to attach [ documento].

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > allegare

  • 19 Unkenntnis

    Unkenntnis
    ignorance, lack of knowledge;
    • in Unkenntnis [von] ignorant of, unaware;
    • fahrlässige Unkenntnis constructive notice;
    • schuldhafte Unkenntnis culpable ignorance;
    • Unkenntnis nebensächlicher Umstände accidental ignorance;
    • jds. Unkenntnis ausnutzen to trade upon s. one’s ignorance;
    • Unkenntnis vorschützen to pretend ignorance;
    • Unkenntnis des Gesetzes vorschützen to plead ignorance in excuse of one’s conduct.

    Business german-english dictionary > Unkenntnis

  • 20 Unkenntnis des Gesetzes vorschützen

    Unkenntnis des Gesetzes vorschützen
    to plead ignorance in excuse of one’s conduct.

    Business german-english dictionary > Unkenntnis des Gesetzes vorschützen

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См. также в других словарях:

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  • plead — [[t]pli͟ːd[/t]] pleads, pleading, pleaded 1) VERB If you plead with someone to do something, you ask them in an intense, emotional way to do it. [V with n to inf] The lady pleaded with her daughter to come back home... [V for n] He was kneeling… …   English dictionary

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