to+obtain+a+judgment

1) 2. Ā. - padyate (ep. alsoﾠ P.), to fall orﾠ drop down from (abl.), throw one's self down (at a person's feet) MBh. ;

3) f. (fr. 3. pad) the fore part of the foot AV.

compăro ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [compar], to couple together in the same relation, to connect in pairs, to pair, match, unite, join; constr. aliquid cum aliquā re, alicui rei, aliqua inter se, or absol.

Lit. (rare but class.).

In gen.:

ut inter ignem et terram aquam deus animamque poneret, eaque inter se compararet et proportione conjungeret, ut, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 5 med.:

comparari postremo,

id. ib. 5:

ambo cum simul aspicimus, non possumus non vereri, ne male comparati sitis,

Liv. 40, 46, 4:

L. Volumnius cum Ap. Claudio consul est factus, priore item consulatu inter se conparati,

id. 10, 15, 12:

labella cum labellis,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 78: quin meum senium cum dolore tuo conjungam et comparem, Att. ap. Non. p. 255, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 90 Rib.).— Hence,

Esp. of combatants, for the usu. compono, to bring together to a contest, to match:

ut ego cum patrono disertissimo comparer,

Cic. Quint. 1, 2:

cum Aesernino Samnite Pacideianus comparatus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 257, 18:

Scipio et Hannibal, velut ad supremum certamen comparati duces,

Liv. 30, 28, 8:

hunc Threci comparavit,

Suet. Calig. 35.—

Trop.

To count one object fully equal to another, to place on the same footing, put on an equality with (rare but class.): neminem tibi profecto hominem ex omnibus aut anteposuissem umquam aut etiam comparassem, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 256, 4; cf. Nep. Iphic. 1, 1; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Quint. 10, 1, 98; Cat. 61, 65 al.:

cum quibus (hominibus) comparari sordidum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 5, 9; so id. Fam. 12, 30, 7:

et se mihi comparat Ajax?

Ov. M. 13, 338.—

In gen., to place together in comparison, to compare (the usu. signif. of the word in prose and poetry):

homo quod rationis est particeps similitudines comparat,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

majora, minora, paria,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 172; id. Top. 18, 68:

metaphora rei comparatur, quam volumus exprimere,

Quint. 8, 6, 8.—With dat.:

equi fortis et victoris senectuti, comparat suam,

Cic. Sen. 5, 14:

si regiae stirpi comparetur ignobilis,

Curt. 8, 4, 25:

restat ut copiae copiis conparentur vel numero vel, etc.,

Liv. 9, 19, 1:

se majori pauperiorum turbae,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 112:

Periclem fulminibus et caelesti fragori comparat,

Quint. 12, 10, 24; cf. id. 12, 10, 65:

necesse est sibi nimium tribuat, qui se nemini comparat,

id. 1, 2, 18:

nec tantum inutilibus comparantur utilia, sed inter se quoque ipsa,

id. 3, 8, 33; cf id. 3, 6, 87.—With cum and abl.:

hominem cum homine et tempus cum tempore et rem cum re,

Cic. Dom. 51, 130; id. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121:

cum illo... ceteris rebus nullo modo comparandus es,

id. Phil. 2, 46, 117:

cum meum factum cum tuo comparo,

id. Fam. 3, 6, 1; id. Off. 3, 1, 2; 2, 6, 20:

corporis commoda cum externis et ipsa inter se corporis,

id. ib. 2, 25, 88:

longiorem orationem cum magnitudine utilitatis,

id. ib. 2, 6, 20:

victoria, quae cum Marathonio possit comparari tropaeo,

Nep. Them. 5, 3:

totam causam nostram cum tota adversarii causā,

Quint. 7, 2, 22; 12, 7, 3.—With ad:

nec comparandus hic quidem ad illum est,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14:

sed nihil comparandi causā loquar,

I will institute no comparison, Cic. Pis. 1, 3.— Hence,

With rel.-clause, to reflect, consider, judge; or to prove, show, by comparing (rare): id ego semper mecum sic agito et comparo, quo pacto magnam molem minuam, Att. ap. Non. p. 256, 20:

cum comparetur, utrum, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 28, 45:

comparando quam intestina corporis seditio similis esset irae plebis in patres, etc.,

Liv. 2, 32, 12; cf. Tac. A. 3, 5:

deinde comparat, quanto plures deleti sint homines, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16.—

Comparare inter se, t. t., of colleagues in office, to agree together in respect to the division of duties, to come to an agreement (freq. in Liv., esp. of the consuls, who made an arrangement between themselves in respect to their provinces):

inter se decemviri comparabant, quos ire ad bellum, quos praeesse exercitibus oporteret,

Liv. 3, 41, 7:

senatusconsultum factum est, ut consules inter se provincias Italiam et Macedoniam compararent sortirenturve,

id. 42, 31, 1; 8, 20, 3; 32, 8, 1; 33, 43, 2; 26, 8, 8;

41, 6, 1: (consules) comparant inter se ut, etc.,

id. 8, 6, 13; 10, 15, 12:

ut consules sortirentur conparerentve inter se, uter, etc.,

id. 24, 10, 2;

of the tribunes of the people,

id. 29, 20, 9;

of the proprætors,

id. 40, 47, 1.—

(In acc. with I. B.) Si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet, opposes to this, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63.—Hence, * compărātē, adv., in or by comparison, comparatively:

quaerere (opp. simpliciter),

Cic. Top. 22, 84.

com-păro ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1 (old form conparassit = comparaverit, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 19), v. a.

To prepare something with zeal, care, etc., to make ready, to set in order, furnish, provide, etc. (class.)

Lit.:

magnifice et ornate convivium comparat (al. apparat),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65; Tib. 1, 10, 42:

sibi remedium ad magnitudinem frigorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26: se, to make one ' s self ready, to prepare one ' s self, id. Mil. 10, 28:

se ad respondendum,

id. N. D. 3, 8, 19:

se ad iter,

Liv. 28, 33, 1; cf. pass., id. 42, 43, 4:

se ad omnis casus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 79:

insidias alicui per aliquem,

Cic. Clu. 16, 47; cf.:

dolum ad capiendos eos,

Liv. 23, 35, 2:

comparare et constituere accusationem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; cf.:

comparare accusatorem filio suo,

id. Clu. 67, 191:

fugam,

Caes. B. G. 4, 18: domicilium [p. 387] ibi, Liv. 1, 34, 10:

iter ad regem,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 3 et saep.:

vultum e vultu,

to adjust according to, to fashion, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 5.—

In the histt. freq. of preparations for war: bellum,

Nep. Dion, 5, 1; id. Ages. 2, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; Liv. 9, 29, 5; 32, 28, 7; Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1 et saep.:

arma, milites, classem,

Liv. 42, 30, 11; cf. Nep. Milt. 4, 1; id. Dion, 4, 3; id. Dat. 4, 1 and 4; id. Hann. 3, 2; Liv. 28, 13, 1; 35, 26, 1; Suet. Tib. 25; Curt. 4, 9, 3; cf.:

arma latroni,

Quint. 12, 1, 1.— Pass. in mid. force:

ita fiet ut isdem locis et ad suadendum et ad dissuadendum simus conparati,

Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4:

ab hoc colloquio legati Romani in Boeotiam conparati sunt,

made ready to go, Liv. 42, 43, 4.—

Absol.:

ex hac parte diligentissime comparatur,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 3:

tempore ad comparandum dato,

Nep. Thras. 2, 2; so Liv. 35, 45, 5; 38, 12, 7.—

With inf.:

urere tecta,

Ov. Tr. 2, 267:

an ita me comparem, Non perpeti, etc.,

place myself in a condition, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 2.—

Trop. of the arrangements of nature, of civil life, of manners, customs, etc., to arrange, appoint, ordain, establish; esp. in the pass. impers.:

ita quoique est in aetate hominum conparatum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 5; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 94 Fleck.; Liv. 3, 68, 10:

more majorum comparatum est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; cf.:

ita comparatum more majorum erat, ne, etc.,

Liv. 39, 29, 5:

est ita natura comparatum ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 5:

praetores, ut considerate fieret, comparaverunt,

Cic. Quint. 16, 51; so Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23; Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 7:

jam hoc prope iniquissime comparatum est, quod in morbis, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 21, 57:

eis utendum censeo quae legibus conparata sunt,

Sall. C. 51, 8.—So rarely of persons:

sic fuimus semper comparati, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32.—

To procure what one does not yet possess or what is not yet in existence, to procure, get, purchase, obtain, prepare, make, collect.

Prop.:

negoti sibi qui volet vim parare, Navem et mulierem haec duo conparato,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 2:

mihi quadraginta minas,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 19:

aurum ac vestem atque alia, quae opus sunt,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 15:

pecudes carius,

Suet. Calig. 27:

merces,

Dig. 13, 4, 2 fin.:

ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4; so id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17:

Sthenius ab adulescentio paulo studiosius haec compararat, supellectilem, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Curt. 5, 6, 3:

gemmas, toreumata, signa, tabulas,

Suet. Caes. 47: victum et cultum humanum labore et industriā, Cic. Oecon. ap. Col. 12, praef. § 2: Suet. Calig. 22.—

Of abstract things:

amicitias,

Cic. Inv. 1, 1, 1; cf. id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

auctoritatem sibi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53:

laudes artibus,

Cic. Fam. 2, 4, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

tribunicium auxilium sibi,

Liv. 9, 34, 3 al.; Hor. Epod. 2, 30.—

Trop.: sex (tribunos) ad intercessionem comparavere, brought or gained them over to their side, Liv. 4, 48, 11.

compăro ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [compar], to couple together in the same relation, to connect in pairs, to pair, match, unite, join; constr. aliquid cum aliquā re, alicui rei, aliqua inter se, or absol.

Lit. (rare but class.).

In gen.:

ut inter ignem et terram aquam deus animamque poneret, eaque inter se compararet et proportione conjungeret, ut, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 5 med.:

comparari postremo,

id. ib. 5:

ambo cum simul aspicimus, non possumus non vereri, ne male comparati sitis,

Liv. 40, 46, 4:

L. Volumnius cum Ap. Claudio consul est factus, priore item consulatu inter se conparati,

id. 10, 15, 12:

labella cum labellis,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 78: quin meum senium cum dolore tuo conjungam et comparem, Att. ap. Non. p. 255, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 90 Rib.).— Hence,

Esp. of combatants, for the usu. compono, to bring together to a contest, to match:

ut ego cum patrono disertissimo comparer,

Cic. Quint. 1, 2:

cum Aesernino Samnite Pacideianus comparatus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 257, 18:

Scipio et Hannibal, velut ad supremum certamen comparati duces,

Liv. 30, 28, 8:

hunc Threci comparavit,

Suet. Calig. 35.—

Trop.

To count one object fully equal to another, to place on the same footing, put on an equality with (rare but class.): neminem tibi profecto hominem ex omnibus aut anteposuissem umquam aut etiam comparassem, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 256, 4; cf. Nep. Iphic. 1, 1; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Quint. 10, 1, 98; Cat. 61, 65 al.:

cum quibus (hominibus) comparari sordidum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 5, 9; so id. Fam. 12, 30, 7:

et se mihi comparat Ajax?

Ov. M. 13, 338.—

In gen., to place together in comparison, to compare (the usu. signif. of the word in prose and poetry):

homo quod rationis est particeps similitudines comparat,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

majora, minora, paria,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 172; id. Top. 18, 68:

metaphora rei comparatur, quam volumus exprimere,

Quint. 8, 6, 8.—With dat.:

equi fortis et victoris senectuti, comparat suam,

Cic. Sen. 5, 14:

si regiae stirpi comparetur ignobilis,

Curt. 8, 4, 25:

restat ut copiae copiis conparentur vel numero vel, etc.,

Liv. 9, 19, 1:

se majori pauperiorum turbae,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 112:

Periclem fulminibus et caelesti fragori comparat,

Quint. 12, 10, 24; cf. id. 12, 10, 65:

necesse est sibi nimium tribuat, qui se nemini comparat,

id. 1, 2, 18:

nec tantum inutilibus comparantur utilia, sed inter se quoque ipsa,

id. 3, 8, 33; cf id. 3, 6, 87.—With cum and abl.:

hominem cum homine et tempus cum tempore et rem cum re,

Cic. Dom. 51, 130; id. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121:

cum illo... ceteris rebus nullo modo comparandus es,

id. Phil. 2, 46, 117:

cum meum factum cum tuo comparo,

id. Fam. 3, 6, 1; id. Off. 3, 1, 2; 2, 6, 20:

corporis commoda cum externis et ipsa inter se corporis,

id. ib. 2, 25, 88:

longiorem orationem cum magnitudine utilitatis,

id. ib. 2, 6, 20:

victoria, quae cum Marathonio possit comparari tropaeo,

Nep. Them. 5, 3:

totam causam nostram cum tota adversarii causā,

Quint. 7, 2, 22; 12, 7, 3.—With ad:

nec comparandus hic quidem ad illum est,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14:

sed nihil comparandi causā loquar,

I will institute no comparison, Cic. Pis. 1, 3.— Hence,

With rel.-clause, to reflect, consider, judge; or to prove, show, by comparing (rare): id ego semper mecum sic agito et comparo, quo pacto magnam molem minuam, Att. ap. Non. p. 256, 20:

cum comparetur, utrum, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 28, 45:

comparando quam intestina corporis seditio similis esset irae plebis in patres, etc.,

Liv. 2, 32, 12; cf. Tac. A. 3, 5:

deinde comparat, quanto plures deleti sint homines, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16.—

Comparare inter se, t. t., of colleagues in office, to agree together in respect to the division of duties, to come to an agreement (freq. in Liv., esp. of the consuls, who made an arrangement between themselves in respect to their provinces):

inter se decemviri comparabant, quos ire ad bellum, quos praeesse exercitibus oporteret,

Liv. 3, 41, 7:

senatusconsultum factum est, ut consules inter se provincias Italiam et Macedoniam compararent sortirenturve,

id. 42, 31, 1; 8, 20, 3; 32, 8, 1; 33, 43, 2; 26, 8, 8;

41, 6, 1: (consules) comparant inter se ut, etc.,

id. 8, 6, 13; 10, 15, 12:

ut consules sortirentur conparerentve inter se, uter, etc.,

id. 24, 10, 2;

of the tribunes of the people,

id. 29, 20, 9;

of the proprætors,

id. 40, 47, 1.—

(In acc. with I. B.) Si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet, opposes to this, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63.—Hence, * compărātē, adv., in or by comparison, comparatively:

quaerere (opp. simpliciter),

Cic. Top. 22, 84.

com-păro ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1 (old form conparassit = comparaverit, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 19), v. a.

To prepare something with zeal, care, etc., to make ready, to set in order, furnish, provide, etc. (class.)

Lit.:

magnifice et ornate convivium comparat (al. apparat),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65; Tib. 1, 10, 42:

sibi remedium ad magnitudinem frigorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26: se, to make one ' s self ready, to prepare one ' s self, id. Mil. 10, 28:

se ad respondendum,

id. N. D. 3, 8, 19:

se ad iter,

Liv. 28, 33, 1; cf. pass., id. 42, 43, 4:

se ad omnis casus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 79:

insidias alicui per aliquem,

Cic. Clu. 16, 47; cf.:

dolum ad capiendos eos,

Liv. 23, 35, 2:

comparare et constituere accusationem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; cf.:

comparare accusatorem filio suo,

id. Clu. 67, 191:

fugam,

Caes. B. G. 4, 18: domicilium [p. 387] ibi, Liv. 1, 34, 10:

iter ad regem,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 3 et saep.:

vultum e vultu,

to adjust according to, to fashion, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 5.—

In the histt. freq. of preparations for war: bellum,

Nep. Dion, 5, 1; id. Ages. 2, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; Liv. 9, 29, 5; 32, 28, 7; Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1 et saep.:

arma, milites, classem,

Liv. 42, 30, 11; cf. Nep. Milt. 4, 1; id. Dion, 4, 3; id. Dat. 4, 1 and 4; id. Hann. 3, 2; Liv. 28, 13, 1; 35, 26, 1; Suet. Tib. 25; Curt. 4, 9, 3; cf.:

arma latroni,

Quint. 12, 1, 1.— Pass. in mid. force:

ita fiet ut isdem locis et ad suadendum et ad dissuadendum simus conparati,

Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4:

ab hoc colloquio legati Romani in Boeotiam conparati sunt,

made ready to go, Liv. 42, 43, 4.—

Absol.:

ex hac parte diligentissime comparatur,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 3:

tempore ad comparandum dato,

Nep. Thras. 2, 2; so Liv. 35, 45, 5; 38, 12, 7.—

With inf.:

urere tecta,

Ov. Tr. 2, 267:

an ita me comparem, Non perpeti, etc.,

place myself in a condition, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 2.—

Trop. of the arrangements of nature, of civil life, of manners, customs, etc., to arrange, appoint, ordain, establish; esp. in the pass. impers.:

ita quoique est in aetate hominum conparatum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 5; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 94 Fleck.; Liv. 3, 68, 10:

more majorum comparatum est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; cf.:

ita comparatum more majorum erat, ne, etc.,

Liv. 39, 29, 5:

est ita natura comparatum ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 5:

praetores, ut considerate fieret, comparaverunt,

Cic. Quint. 16, 51; so Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23; Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 7:

jam hoc prope iniquissime comparatum est, quod in morbis, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 21, 57:

eis utendum censeo quae legibus conparata sunt,

Sall. C. 51, 8.—So rarely of persons:

sic fuimus semper comparati, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32.—

To procure what one does not yet possess or what is not yet in existence, to procure, get, purchase, obtain, prepare, make, collect.

Prop.:

negoti sibi qui volet vim parare, Navem et mulierem haec duo conparato,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 2:

mihi quadraginta minas,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 19:

aurum ac vestem atque alia, quae opus sunt,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 15:

pecudes carius,

Suet. Calig. 27:

merces,

Dig. 13, 4, 2 fin.:

ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4; so id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17:

Sthenius ab adulescentio paulo studiosius haec compararat, supellectilem, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Curt. 5, 6, 3:

gemmas, toreumata, signa, tabulas,

Suet. Caes. 47: victum et cultum humanum labore et industriā, Cic. Oecon. ap. Col. 12, praef. § 2: Suet. Calig. 22.—

Of abstract things:

amicitias,

Cic. Inv. 1, 1, 1; cf. id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

auctoritatem sibi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53:

laudes artibus,

Cic. Fam. 2, 4, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

tribunicium auxilium sibi,

Liv. 9, 34, 3 al.; Hor. Epod. 2, 30.—

Trop.: sex (tribunos) ad intercessionem comparavere, brought or gained them over to their side, Liv. 4, 48, 11.

jūs, jūris, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yūsh, the same; cf. Gr. zômos], broth, soup, sauce (class.):

cum una multa jura confundit cocus,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

in jus vocat pisces cocus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9:

negavit, se jure illo nigro delectatum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

in ea cena cocus meus praeter jus fervens nihil potuit imitari,

id. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

tepidum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 81:

male conditum,

id. ib. 2, 8, 69.—In a sarcastic lusus verbb.: Verrinum, hog-broth, or the justice of Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 121.—

Transf., juice, mixture:

addita creta in jus idem,

the juice of the purple-fish, Plin. 35, 6, 26, § 44.

jūs, jūris ( gen. plur. jurum for jurium, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 86; Cato ap. Charis. p. 72 and 109 P.:

juribus,

Dig. 13, 5, 3, § 1; Charis. p. 19: jure, arch. dat., Liv. 42, 28, 6; Corp. Ins. Lat. 198, 31), n. [kindred with Sanscr. yu, to join; cf. zeugnumi, jungo, qs. the binding, obliging; cf. lex from ligo], right, law, justice.

Lit. (class.; in plur. very rare, except in nom. and acc.), that which is binding or obligatory; that which is binding by its nature, right, justice, duty:

juris praecepta sunt haec, honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere,

Just. Inst. 1, 1, 3: jus naturale est quod natura omnia animalia docuit...videmus etenim cetera quoque animalia istius juris perita censeri, Dig. 1, 1, 1, § 3; Just. Inst. 1, 2 prooem.: omnes boni ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amant;

per se jus est appetendum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: Gy. Amabo, hicine istuc decet? Le. Jusque fasque est, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 20:

jus hic orat,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 37; id. Ps. 1, 5, 123:

omnium legum atque jurium fictor, conditor cluet,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 90:

jus hominum situm est in generis humani societate,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

tenere,

id. Caecin. 11:

obtinere,

to maintain, id. Quint. 9:

de jure alicui respondere,

to lay down the law, id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:

respondere,

id. Leg. 1, 4, 12: dicere, to pronounce judgment, give a judicial decision, as, e. g. the prætor:

a Volcatio, qui Romae jus dicit,

id. Fam. 13, 14; Verg. A. 7, 246; cf.:

jura dare,

id. ib. 1, 507:

praetor quoque jus reddere dicitur, etiam cum inique decernit,

Dig. 1, 1, 11: quid dubitas dare mihi argentum? S. Jus petis, fateor, you ask what is right, reasonable, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 16:

jus publicum,

common right, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 65:

jura communia,

equal rights, Cic. Div. 1, 5:

divina ac humana,

id. Off. 1, 26:

belli,

id. Div. 2, 77:

gentium,

the law of nations, id. Off. 3, 5:

quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud omnes populos peraeque custoditur, vocaturque jus gentium,

Gai. Inst. 1, 1:

civile,

the civil law, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109: quod quisque populus ipse sibi jus constituit, id ipsius proprium est vocaturque jus civile, Gai Inst. 1, 1:

pontificium,

Cic. Dom. 13, 34:

praediatorium,

id. Balb. 20:

conjugialia,

Ov. M. 6, 536:

jus est, apponi pernam frigidam,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 26:

jus fasque est,

human and divine right, id. Cist. 1, 1, 22:

juris nodos solvere,

Juv. 8, 50.— Abl.: jūrĕ, adverb., with justice, justly:

jure in eum animadverteretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 19:

jure ac merito,

id. ib. 2, 5, 67, § 172; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; Juv. 2, 34:

et jure fortasse,

id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26:

et fortasse suo jure,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

te ipse, jure optimo, merito incuses licet,

with perfect justice, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 24:

optimo jure,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf.: pleno jure, Gai Inst. 1, 5, 14:

justo jure,

Liv. 21, 3, 4; cf.

opp. to injuria: non quaero, jure an injuria sint inimici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150: summum jus, the extremity or utmost rigor of the law:

non agam summo jure tecum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 2, §

4: ex quo illud, Summum jus, summa injuria, factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33;

so opp. (aequum et bonum habere quod defendant), si contra verbis et litteris, et, ut dici solet, summo jure contenditur,

id. Caecin. 23, 65.

Transf.

A place where justice is administered, a court of justice:

in jus ambula,

come before a magistrate, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 22; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 43:

in jus ire,

Nep. Att. 6, 4:

cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:

in jus acres procurrunt,

Hor. S. 1, 7, 20:

aliquem in jus vocare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187; Hor. S. 2, 5, 29:

aliquem in jus rapere,

id. ib. 1, 9, 77;

2, 3, 72: trahere,

Juv. 10, 87.—

Justice, justness of a thing:

absolverunt, admiratione magis virtutis, quam jure causae,

Liv. 1, 26.—

Legal right, power, authority, permission:

cum plebe agendi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31:

materiae caedendae,

Liv. 5, 55.—Of particular rights: jus eundi, a right of way, Gai Inst. 2, 31:

jus agendi, aquamve ducendi,

id. ib.:

altius tollendi vel prospiciendi,

id. ib. 4, 3: jus civitatis, the right to obtain the privileges of citizenship (cf. civitas;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 640),

Cic. Arch. 5, 11; id. Caecin. 34, 98; 35, 102; id. Verr. 2, 4, 11,§ 26:

jus capiendi,

Juv. 1, 56:

testandi,

id. 16, 51; cf. 6, 217: jus trium liberorum, Sen. ap. Lact. 1, 16, 10:

patrium,

the power of life and death over their children, Liv. 1, 26:

homines recipere in jus dicionemque,

id. 21, 61:

sub jus judiciumque regis venire,

id. 39, 24:

(homo) sui juris,

his own master, independent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 18:

jus ad mulieres,

over the women, Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 22:

ut eodem jure essent, quo fuissent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 13; cf.:

melius, quod nil animis in corpora juris natura indulget,

Juv. 2, 139.— The legal forms of the old jurists:

jus Flavianum,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 7.

jūs, jūris, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yūsh, the same; cf. Gr. zômos], broth, soup, sauce (class.):

cum una multa jura confundit cocus,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

in jus vocat pisces cocus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9:

negavit, se jure illo nigro delectatum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

in ea cena cocus meus praeter jus fervens nihil potuit imitari,

id. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

tepidum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 81:

male conditum,

id. ib. 2, 8, 69.—In a sarcastic lusus verbb.: Verrinum, hog-broth, or the justice of Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 121.—

Transf., juice, mixture:

addita creta in jus idem,

the juice of the purple-fish, Plin. 35, 6, 26, § 44.

jūs, jūris ( gen. plur. jurum for jurium, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 86; Cato ap. Charis. p. 72 and 109 P.:

juribus,

Dig. 13, 5, 3, § 1; Charis. p. 19: jure, arch. dat., Liv. 42, 28, 6; Corp. Ins. Lat. 198, 31), n. [kindred with Sanscr. yu, to join; cf. zeugnumi, jungo, qs. the binding, obliging; cf. lex from ligo], right, law, justice.

Lit. (class.; in plur. very rare, except in nom. and acc.), that which is binding or obligatory; that which is binding by its nature, right, justice, duty:

juris praecepta sunt haec, honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere,

Just. Inst. 1, 1, 3: jus naturale est quod natura omnia animalia docuit...videmus etenim cetera quoque animalia istius juris perita censeri, Dig. 1, 1, 1, § 3; Just. Inst. 1, 2 prooem.: omnes boni ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amant;

per se jus est appetendum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: Gy. Amabo, hicine istuc decet? Le. Jusque fasque est, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 20:

jus hic orat,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 37; id. Ps. 1, 5, 123:

omnium legum atque jurium fictor, conditor cluet,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 90:

jus hominum situm est in generis humani societate,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

tenere,

id. Caecin. 11:

obtinere,

to maintain, id. Quint. 9:

de jure alicui respondere,

to lay down the law, id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:

respondere,

id. Leg. 1, 4, 12: dicere, to pronounce judgment, give a judicial decision, as, e. g. the prætor:

a Volcatio, qui Romae jus dicit,

id. Fam. 13, 14; Verg. A. 7, 246; cf.:

jura dare,

id. ib. 1, 507:

praetor quoque jus reddere dicitur, etiam cum inique decernit,

Dig. 1, 1, 11: quid dubitas dare mihi argentum? S. Jus petis, fateor, you ask what is right, reasonable, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 16:

jus publicum,

common right, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 65:

jura communia,

equal rights, Cic. Div. 1, 5:

divina ac humana,

id. Off. 1, 26:

belli,

id. Div. 2, 77:

gentium,

the law of nations, id. Off. 3, 5:

quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud omnes populos peraeque custoditur, vocaturque jus gentium,

Gai. Inst. 1, 1:

civile,

the civil law, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109: quod quisque populus ipse sibi jus constituit, id ipsius proprium est vocaturque jus civile, Gai Inst. 1, 1:

pontificium,

Cic. Dom. 13, 34:

praediatorium,

id. Balb. 20:

conjugialia,

Ov. M. 6, 536:

jus est, apponi pernam frigidam,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 26:

jus fasque est,

human and divine right, id. Cist. 1, 1, 22:

juris nodos solvere,

Juv. 8, 50.— Abl.: jūrĕ, adverb., with justice, justly:

jure in eum animadverteretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 19:

jure ac merito,

id. ib. 2, 5, 67, § 172; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; Juv. 2, 34:

et jure fortasse,

id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26:

et fortasse suo jure,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

te ipse, jure optimo, merito incuses licet,

with perfect justice, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 24:

optimo jure,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf.: pleno jure, Gai Inst. 1, 5, 14:

justo jure,

Liv. 21, 3, 4; cf.

opp. to injuria: non quaero, jure an injuria sint inimici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150: summum jus, the extremity or utmost rigor of the law:

non agam summo jure tecum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 2, §

4: ex quo illud, Summum jus, summa injuria, factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33;

so opp. (aequum et bonum habere quod defendant), si contra verbis et litteris, et, ut dici solet, summo jure contenditur,

id. Caecin. 23, 65.

Transf.

A place where justice is administered, a court of justice:

in jus ambula,

come before a magistrate, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 22; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 43:

in jus ire,

Nep. Att. 6, 4:

cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:

in jus acres procurrunt,

Hor. S. 1, 7, 20:

aliquem in jus vocare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187; Hor. S. 2, 5, 29:

aliquem in jus rapere,

id. ib. 1, 9, 77;

2, 3, 72: trahere,

Juv. 10, 87.—

Justice, justness of a thing:

absolverunt, admiratione magis virtutis, quam jure causae,

Liv. 1, 26.—

Legal right, power, authority, permission:

cum plebe agendi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31:

materiae caedendae,

Liv. 5, 55.—Of particular rights: jus eundi, a right of way, Gai Inst. 2, 31:

jus agendi, aquamve ducendi,

id. ib.:

altius tollendi vel prospiciendi,

id. ib. 4, 3: jus civitatis, the right to obtain the privileges of citizenship (cf. civitas;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 640),

Cic. Arch. 5, 11; id. Caecin. 34, 98; 35, 102; id. Verr. 2, 4, 11,§ 26:

jus capiendi,

Juv. 1, 56:

testandi,

id. 16, 51; cf. 6, 217: jus trium liberorum, Sen. ap. Lact. 1, 16, 10:

patrium,

the power of life and death over their children, Liv. 1, 26:

homines recipere in jus dicionemque,

id. 21, 61:

sub jus judiciumque regis venire,

id. 39, 24:

(homo) sui juris,

his own master, independent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 18:

jus ad mulieres,

over the women, Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 22:

ut eodem jure essent, quo fuissent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 13; cf.:

melius, quod nil animis in corpora juris natura indulget,

Juv. 2, 139.— The legal forms of the old jurists:

jus Flavianum,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 7.

hand [hænd]

main ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (g) aiguille ⇒ 1 (h) écriture ⇒ 1 (i) paume ⇒ 1 (j) ouvrier ⇒ 1 (k) passer ⇒ 2 donner ⇒ 2

1 noun

(a) Anatomy (of person) main f;

∎ to hold sb's hand tenir la main de qn;

∎ I held her hand je lui ai tenu la main;

∎ figurative she's asked me to go along and hold her hand elle m'a demandé de l'accompagner pour lui donner du courage;

∎ to hold hands se tenir par la main;

∎ to take sb's hand, to take sb by the hand prendre qn par la main, prendre la main de qn;

∎ to lead sb by the hand conduire qn par la main;

∎ he writes with his left hand il écrit de la main gauche;

∎ to put one's hands over one's eyes se couvrir les yeux de ses mains;

∎ to be on one's hands and knees être à quatre pattes;

∎ figurative to go down on one's hands and knees se mettre à genoux ou à plat ventre;

∎ to be good with one's hands être adroit de ses mains;

∎ my hands are full j'ai les mains occupées ou prises;

∎ figurative to have one's hands full avoir beaucoup à faire, avoir du pain sur la planche;

∎ I've got my hands full trying to cope as it is j'ai déjà assez à faire comme ça;

∎ to lay one's hands on sth (find) mettre la main sur qch;

∎ to get or to lay one's hands on sth (obtain) dénicher qch;

∎ to lay hands on sb faire violence à qn;

∎ figurative just wait till I get or lay my hands on her! attends un peu que je l'attrape!;

∎ to lift or to raise a hand to sb lever la main sur qn;

∎ figurative he never lifts a hand to help il ne lève jamais le petit doigt pour aider;

∎ hands off! bas les pattes!, pas touche!;

∎ hands off the unions/education system! pas touche aux syndicats/au système éducatif!;

∎ he can't keep his hands to himself il a la main baladeuse;

∎ I only have one pair of hands! je n'ai que deux mains!;

∎ look - no hands! (cyclist) sans les mains!;

∎ take your hands off me! ne me touche pas!;

∎ (put your) hands up! les mains en l'air!, haut les mains!;

∎ School hands up anyone who knows the answer que ceux qui connaissent la réponse lèvent le doigt ou la main;

∎ hands up all those who agree que ceux qui sont d'accord lèvent la main;

∎ to tie sb's hands attacher les mains de qn;

∎ they tied my hands behind my back ils m'ont lié ou attaché les mains dans le dos;

∎ I could do it with one hand tied behind my back je pourrais le faire sans aucun effort ou les doigts dans le nez;

∎ figurative my hands are tied j'ai les mains liées;

∎ figurative to sit on one's hands (applaud half-heartedly) applaudir sans enthousiasme; (do nothing) ne rien faire;

∎ to ask for sb's hand in marriage demander la main de qn, demander qn en mariage;

∎ at hand, near or close at hand (about to happen) proche; (nearby) à proximité;

∎ the hour is at hand l'heure est proche;

∎ to suffer at the hands of sb souffrir aux mains ou dans les mains de qn;

∎ to pass sth from hand to hand faire passer qch de mains en mains;

∎ hand in hand la main dans la main;

∎ figurative to go hand in hand (with sth) aller de pair (avec qch);

∎ to be hand in glove with sb travailler en étroite collaboration avec qn;

∎ to make money hand over fist gagner un argent fou;

∎ British familiar she doesn't do a hand's turn elle n'en fiche pas une;

∎ to live from hand to mouth tirer le diable par la queue;

∎ figurative to win hands down gagner haut la main;

∎ to beat sb hands down battre qn à plates couture(s);

∎ proverb many hands make light work = à beaucoup d'ouvriers la tâche devient aisée;

∎ on the one hand... but on the other hand... (used in the same sentence) d'un côté... mais de l'autre...;

∎ on the other hand (when beginning new sentence) d'un autre côté

(b) (assistance)

∎ to give sb a hand (with sth) donner un coup de main à qn;

∎ to lend a hand mettre la main à la pâte;

∎ do you need a hand (with that)? as-tu besoin d'un coup de main?

(c) (control, management)

∎ to need a firm hand avoir besoin d'être sérieusement pris en main;

∎ to rule with a firm hand diriger avec de la poigne;

∎ to take sb/sth in hand prendre qn/qch en main;

∎ to be out of hand (dog, child) ne rien écouter;

∎ to get out of hand (dog, child) devenir indocile; (meeting, situation) échapper à tout contrôle;

∎ the garden is getting out of hand le jardin à l'air d'une vraie jungle;

∎ to change hands (company, restaurant etc) changer de propriétaire;

∎ it's out of my hands cela ne m'appartient plus, ce n'est plus ma responsabilité ou de mon ressort;

∎ the matter is in the hands of the headmaster la question relève maintenant ou est maintenant du ressort du principal;

∎ I have put the matter in the hands of a lawyer j'ai confié l'affaire à un avocat;

∎ the answer lies in your own hands la solution est entre tes mains;

∎ to have too much time on one's hands avoir trop de temps à soi;

∎ to have sb/sth on one's hands avoir qn/qch sur les bras;

∎ now that that's off my hands à présent que je suis débarrassé de cela;

∎ it's out of my hands je ne peux (plus) rien y faire;

∎ to fall into the hands of the enemy tomber entre les mains de l'ennemi;

∎ to fall into the wrong hands (information, secret etc) tomber en de mauvaises mains;

∎ in the wrong hands this knowledge could be very dangerous si elles tombaient aux mains de personnes malintentionnées, ces connaissances pourraient être très dangereuses;

∎ in the right hands en de bonnes mains;

∎ to be in good or safe hands être en de bonnes mains;

∎ can I leave this in your hands? puis-je te demander de t'en occuper?;

∎ it leaves too much power in the hands of the police cela laisse trop de pouvoir à la police;

∎ to give sb a free hand donner carte blanche à qn;

∎ to take matters into one's own hands prendre les choses en main

(d) (applause)

∎ to give sb a (big) hand applaudir qn (bien fort)

(e) (influence, involvement)

∎ to have a hand in sth avoir quelque chose à voir dans qch, être impliqué dans qch;

∎ I had no hand in it je n'avais rien à voir là-dedans, je n'y étais pour rien;

∎ I see or detect your hand in this j'y vois ta marque

(f) (skill, ability)

∎ to have a light hand with pastry réussir une pâte légère;

∎ she can turn her hand to anything elle peut tout faire;

∎ to keep one's hand in garder la main;

∎ I was never much of a hand at it je n'ai jamais été très doué pour cela;

∎ to try one's hand at sth s'essayer à qch

(g) (in cards → cards held) main f, jeu m; (→ round, game) partie f; (→ player) joueur(euse) m,f;

∎ to have a good hand avoir du jeu;

∎ first/fourth hand (player) premie(ère) m,f/dernier(ère) m,f en cartes;

∎ figurative to show or to reveal one's hand dévoiler son jeu;

∎ figurative to throw in one's hand jeter l'éponge

(h) (of clock, watch) aiguille f; (of signpost, barometer) indicateur m;

∎ the little hand is pointing to three la petite aiguille est sur le trois

(i) (handwriting) écriture f;

∎ to have a good hand avoir une belle écriture

(j) (measurement of horse) paume f;

∎ a horse fifteen hands high un cheval de quinze paumes

(k) (worker) ouvrier(ère) m,f; (on ship) homme m, membre m de l'équipage;

∎ the ship was lost with all hands le navire a sombré corps et biens;

∎ old hand expert m, vieux m de la vieille;

∎ to be an old hand at sth avoir une vaste expérience de qch;

∎ also figurative all hands to the pump tout le monde à la rescousse

(l) (of bananas) régime m;

∎ hand of pork jambonneau m

2 transitive verb

passer, donner;

∎ to hand sth to sb, to hand sb sth passer ou donner qch à qn;

∎ to hand sb a letter/telegram remettre une lettre/un télégramme à qn;

∎ figurative to hand sth to sb on a plate apporter à qn qch sur un plateau;

∎ you've got to hand it to him chapeau!;

∎ figurative you have to hand it to her, she IS a good mother c'est une bonne mère, il faut lui accorder cela

3 by hand adverb

(written) à la main; (made, knitted, sewn) (à la) main;

∎ to wash sth by hand laver qch à la main;

∎ to send sth by hand faire porter qch;

∎ by hand (written on envelope) en ville;

∎ to rear an animal by hand élever un animal au biberon

4 in hand adverb

(a) (available → money) disponible; (→ time) devant soi;

∎ British do we have any time in hand? avons-nous du temps devant nous?

(b) (being dealt with) en cours;

∎ the matter is in hand on s'occupe de l'affaire;

∎ I have the situation well in hand j'ai la situation bien en main;

∎ to return to the matter in hand revenir à ses moutons;

∎ keep your mind on the job in hand concentre-toi sur l'affaire en cours

5 on hand adjective

(person) disponible

6 out of hand adverb

(immediately) sur-le-champ

7 to hand adverb

(letter, information etc) sous la main;

∎ use what comes to hand prends ce que tu as sous la main;

∎ he took the first one that came to hand il a pris le premier qui lui est tombé sous la main;

∎ the first excuse to hand le premier prétexte venu

►► hand baggage (UNCOUNT) bagages mpl à main;

hand controls commandes fpl manuelles;

hand cream crème f pour les mains;

Military hand grenade grenade f à main;

hand lotion lotion f pour les mains;

hand luggage (UNCOUNT) bagages mpl à main;

hand microphone micro m portatif;

Theatre hand puppet marionnette f;

hand signal signal m de la main;

∎ hand signals only (on vehicle) = indique que les clignotants d'un véhicule ne fonctionnent pas;

hand towel serviette f, essuie-mains m inv

➲ hand around separable transitive verb

(distribute) distribuer

➲ hand back separable transitive verb

(return) rapporter, rendre;

∎ she handed me back the bottle elle m'a repassé la bouteille;

∎ Radio & Television I now hand you back to the studio/Jon Snow je rends maintenant l'antenne au studio/à Jon Snow

➲ hand down separable transitive verb

(a) (pass, give from high place) passer, donner;

∎ hand me down the hammer passe-moi ou donne-moi le marteau (qui est là-haut)

(b) (heirloom, story) transmettre;

∎ the necklace/property has been handed down from mother to daughter for six generations le collier est transmis/la propriété est transmise de mère en fille depuis six générations;

∎ all her clothes had been handed down from her older sisters tous ses vêtements venaient de ses sœurs aînées

(c) Law (decision, sentence) annoncer; (judgment) rendre;

∎ American to hand down the budget annoncer le budget

➲ hand in separable transitive verb

(return, surrender → book) rendre; (→ ticket) remettre; (→ exam paper) rendre, remettre; (something found → to authorities, police etc) déposer, remettre;

∎ to hand in one's resignation donner ou remettre sa démission, demissioner

➲ hand off separable transitive verb

Sport (in rugby) raffûter

➲ hand on separable transitive verb

(a) (give to someone else) passer;

∎ to hand sth on to sb passer qch à qn

(b) = hand down (b)

➲ hand out separable transitive verb

(distribute) distribuer;

∎ we hand out 200 free meals a day nous servons 200 repas gratuits par jour;

∎ he's very good at handing out advice il est très fort pour ce qui est de distribuer des conseils;

∎ he's fond of handing it out, but can't take it (criticism) il se permet de critiquer les autres mais il déteste qu'on le critique;

∎ the French boxer handed out a lot of punishment le boxeur français a frappé à coups redoublés

➲ hand over

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (pass, give → object) passer, donner;

∎ Radio & Television we now hand you over to the weather man/Bill Smith in Moscow nous passons maintenant l'antenne à notre météorologue/Bill Smith à Moscou;

∎ Telecommunications I'm handing him over now je te le passe tout de suite

(b) (surrender → weapons, hostage) remettre; (→ criminal) livrer; (→ power, authority) transmettre; Law (→ property) céder;

∎ he was handed over to the French police il a été livré à la ou aux mains de la police française;

∎ hand it over! donne!

2 intransitive verb

➲ hand round separable transitive verb

(distribute) distribuer

➲ hand up separable transitive verb

(pass, give from low place) passer, donner;

∎ hand me up the hammer passe-moi ou donne-moi le marteau (qui est là en bas)

ζωή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+; in Hom. ‘living’=‘substance, property’, without which there would not be life; after Hom. ‘life, existence’ opp. death, then ‘way of life’ Hdt. 4, 112)

① life in the physical sense, life ἐν σαρκὶ ζ. Orig., C. Cels. 6, 59, 8)

ⓐ opp. θάνατος (Pind. et al.; Lucian, Tox. 38; Sir 37:18; Pr 18:21; Philo; Just., A I, 57, 3; Mel., P. 49, 355) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 3:22; Phil 1:20. ἐν τῇ ζωῇ σου during your life Lk 16:25 (s. Sir 30:5); cp. 12:15; Ac 8:33 (Is 53:8); Js 4:14; 1 Cl 16:8 (Is 53:8); 17:4 (cp. Job 14:5); 20:10; Hm 3:3. πᾶς χρόνος τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν B 4:9 (cp. PsSol 17:2; JosAs 13:12). πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτῶν Hs 9, 29, 2; cp. GJs 4:1; τὰς λοιπὰς τῆς ζωῆς ἡμέρας Hv 4, 2, 5; cp. v 5, 2; m 12, 2; Hs 6, 3, 6. τὴν ἐσχάτην ἡμέραν τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ Hv 3, 12, 2. ἐν τῇ ζ. ταύτῃ in this life 1 Cor 15:19; also ζ. ἡ νῦν (opp. ἡ μέλλουσα) 1 Ti 4:8 (Tat. 14, 2). τέλος ζωῆς end of life Hb 7:3 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 5 [Stone p. 4]). ζωὴ κ. πνοή life and breath Ac 17:25 (cp. Gen 2:7; 7:22). πνεῦμα ζωῆς breath of life Rv 11:11 (cp. Gen 6:17; 7:15; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 31 [Stone p. 48]). ψυχὴ ζωῆς living thing 16:3 (cp. Gen 1:30; Just., D. 6, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ ἤτοι ζωή ἐστιν ἢ ζωὴν ἔχει). πρὸς ζωῆς necessary for life 1 Cl 20:10. Of the indestructible life of those clothed in the heavenly body 2 Cor 5:4. The life of the risen Christ also has this character Ro 5:10; 2 Cor 4:10f; ζ. ἀκατάλυτος Hb 7:16. ὁδοὶ ζωῆς Ac 2:28 (Ps 15:11). Christ is ἐν θανάτῳ ζ. ἀληθινή IEph 7:2.

ⓑ means of sustenance, livelihood (Hdt. et al.; Sir 4:1; 29:21) Hs 9, 26, 2.

ⓒ the course or mode of one’s life (cp. βίος 1) Hm 8, 4 and 9; 11, 7 and 16; Hs 9, 16, 2 al. In some of these pass. a transition to the moral aspect is apparent.

② transcendent life, life

ⓐ God and Christ

α. God as ζωή Dg 9:6b; as ζωὴ αἰώνιος 1J 5:20. Of the cross IEph 18:1. It is true of God that ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ J 5:26a. God’s commandment is eternal life 12:50 (cp. Philo, Fug. 198 God is the πρεσβυτάτη πηγὴ ζωῆς; Herm. Wr. 11, 13; 14; 12, 15 God the πλήρωμα τ. ζωῆς; PGM 3, 602 [s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 286, ln. 11]; the deity called Νοῦς as ζωή and φῶς Herm. Wr. 1:9, 12, 17, 21, 32; 13:9, 18, 19. Cp. also Ps 35:10; 55:14; SibOr Fgm. 3, 34; JosAs 8:10f al.).

β. of Christ, who received life fr. God J 5:26b (ἡ ζωὴ τῆς πίστεως ParJer 9:14). ἐν αὐτῷ ζ. ἦν 1:4a; cp. 1J 5:11b. He is the ἀρχηγὸς τ. ζωῆς Ac 3:15, the λόγος τ. ζωῆς 1J 1:1; cp. vs. 2, the ἄρτος τ. ζωῆς J 6:35, 48; cp. vs. 33 (EJanot, Le pain de vie: Gregorianum 11, 1930, 161–70), also simply ζωή 11:25; 14:6 or ἡ ζ. ὑμῶν Col 3:4; cp. B 2, 10; IMg 9:1. Since the life in him was τὸ φῶς τ. ἀνθρώπων J 1:4b, people through following him obtain τὸ φῶς τ. ζωῆς 8:12 (on the combination of light and life cp. 1QS 3, 7 and the Orph. Hymns to Helios no. 8, 18 Qu. ζωῆς φῶς, as well as Christian ins of Rome [Ramsay, Luke the Physician 1908 p. 375, 238 A.D.], where a father calls his dead son γλυκύτερον φωτὸς καὶ ζοῆς; s. also α above).—SBartina, La vida como historia en J 1:1–18, Biblica 49, ’68, 91–96.

ⓑ The discussion now turns naturally to the life of the believers, which proceeds fr. God and Christ.

α. without (clear) eschatol. implications, of the life of grace and holiness ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς περιπατεῖν walk in (i.e. live) a new life Ro 6:4; cp. IEph 19:3. ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τ. ζωῆς τ. θεοῦ estranged fr. the life of God Eph 4:18 (cp. Philo, Post. Cai. 69 τῆς θεοῦ ζωῆς ἀπεσχοινίσθαι). ἡ ζωὴ τ. ἀνθρώπων the (true) life of persons (in God) Hm 2:1.—Of the life of salvation and of glory. It is ζ. κυρίου B 1:4 (cp. PGM 12, 255 κύριε τ. ζωῆς; 13, 783) or ζ. ἐν Χρ. Ἰησοῦ 2 Ti 1:1; cp. ζωὴν ὑμῖν ὁ κύριος χαρίζεται Hs 9, 28, 6; effected by his words or by the proclamation of the gospel: ῥήματα ζ. αἰωνίου J 6:68; cp. vs. 63. τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζ. ταύτης Ac 5:20. λόγος ζωῆς word of life Phil 2:16; cp. 2 Ti 1:10; 2 Cor 4:12. Hence the apostle, proclaiming the gospel, can term himself the bearer of the ‘fragrance of Christ’, leading those appointed to this bliss, the rescued ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν from life to life (i.e., as it seems, ever more deeply into the divine life) 2 Cor 2:16.—The Spirit stands w. Christ as the power of life πνεῦμα τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χρ. Ἰησοῦ the spirit of life in Chr. J. Ro 8:2; cp. vss. 6, 10 and J 6:63.—Like the words of Christ, the divine ἐντολή is also to bring life Ro 7:10; Hm 7:5; Hs 8, 7, 6. This ζ. is regarded as God’s gift ζ. ἐν ἀθανασίᾳ 1 Cl 35:2. W. ἀφθαρσία 2 Ti 1:10; 2 Cl 14:5; IPol 2:3. W. γνῶσις D 9:3; Dg 12:3–7. W. εὐσέβεια 2 Pt 1:3. W. εἰρήνη Ro 8:6. W. σωτηρία 2 Cl 19:1. ἀγάπην ἥτις ἐστὶν ἀρχὴ ζωὴς καὶ τέλος IEph 14:1. Christians, who truly belong to the ἐκκλησία τῆς ζωῆς 2 Cl 14:1, are heirs of life, the gift of grace 1 Pt 3:7. This life, as long as they are in the body, κέκρυπται σὺν τ. Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ θεῷ is hidden with Christ in God Col 3:3. Those who forfeit their ζ. (=their real life in contrast to their physical existence as ψυχή) are excluded fr. the life of glory Hv 1, 1, 9; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 6, 4; 6; 8, 8, 2f; 5; 9, 21, 4.—Cp. also Ac 11:18 (s. 1QS 3, 1); 13:46, 48. ἡ ὁδὸς τῆς ζ. D 1:2; 4:14. τὰς τρίβους τῆς ζ. Hs 5, 6, 3. Esp. in Johannine usage the term ζ. is copiously employed, as a rule to designate the result of faith in Christ; in most cases it is stated expressly that the follower of Jesus possesses life even in this world: ἔχειν ζωήν (Theophr. in a scholion on Pla. 631c εἰ ζωὴν εἶχεν ὁ πλοῦτος=‘had life, were alive’) J 3:15f, 36a; 5:24a, 40; 6:40, 47, 51, 53f; 10:10; 20:31; 1J 3:15; 5:12ab, 13. διδόναι ζωήν (cp. Sb 8202, 3 [105 B.C.]) J 10:28; 17:2; 1J 5:11.—Cp. 5:16. ὁρᾶν ζωήν J 3:36b. μεταβεβηκέναι ἐκ τ. θανάτου εἰς τ. ζωήν to have passed fr. death into life J 5:24; 1J 3:14. Hence in the eschatol. pass. J 5:29 ἀνάστασις ζωῆς means not a resurrection to enter life (cp. 2 Macc 7:14 and MPol 14:2, where ἀνάστασις ζωῆς αἰ., it seems, is res. to everlasting life), but a resurrection which corresponds to the Christian’s possession of life here and now, a resurrection proceeding from life. J is fond of calling this Life ζ. αἰώνιος, as in many pass. just cited (s. αἰώνιος 3) J 3:15f, 36; 4:14, 36; 5:24, 39; 6:27, 40, 47, 54, 68; 10:28; 12:25, 50; 17:2f; 1J 1:2; 2:25; 3:15; 5:11, 13, 20. But the use of this expr. in our lit. is by no means limited to J and 1J; it is also found in Mt, Mk, Lk, Ac, Ro, Gal, 1 Ti, Tit, Jd, 2 Cl, Ign, MPol, Hermas, Didache (Just., Mel., Ath.; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 77, 31 [w. ἀνάστασις]; cp. αἴδιος ζ. Tat. 14, 2) w. unmistakable eschatol. connotation.

β. ζ. (and ζ. αἰώνιος; cp. 1QS 4:7 and s. J 3:15 al.; opp. ἀπώλεια TestAbr B 8 p. 113, 2 [Stone p. 74]) is used of life in the blessed period of final consummation, in the foll. pass.: ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ζ. αἰ. in the coming age eternal life Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; cp. Mt 19:29 (Ar. 15, 3 ζ. τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰώνος). τί ποιήσω ἵνα ζ. αἰ. κληρονομήσω; Mk 10:17; cp. Lk 18:18; 10:25; Mt 19:16f (PsSol 14:10). As a result of the Last Judgment ἀπελεύσονται οἱ δίκαιοι εἰς ζ. αἰ. Mt 25:46 (cp. PsSol 13:11); s. also Ro 2:7 (cp. 1QS 4:6–8).—Cp. also Mt 7:14; 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45; Ro 5:17f, 21; 6:22f; ζ. ἐκ νεκρῶν life for those who have come out of the state of death 11:15.—Gal 6:8; 1 Ti 1:16; 6:12, 19; 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:13); Jd 21; 2 Cl 8:4, 6; Dg 9:1, 6a. For 2 Cor 5:4 s. 1a. Of martyrs τὴν αἰώνιον ζ. ἐξαγοραζόμενοι purchasing eternal life for themselves MPol 2:3 (Mosquensis, other Gk. codd. κόλασιν). W. ἀνάπαυσις τ. μελλούσης βασιλείας 2 Cl 5:5. This life is called ἡ ὄντως ζ. the real, true life (the redundancy may derive from awareness of a distinction sometimes made in the Gr-Rom. world between real living ζωή and biological existence βίος; s., e.g., IPriene 105, 10=OGI 458, 10; cp. Cass. Dio 69, 19) 1 Ti 6:19; ζωῆς ἀληθοῦς Dg 12:4; ἡ ἐπουράνιος ζ. 2 Cl 20:5; ἀί̈διος ζ. IEph 19:3 (s. ἀί̈διος). Hope is directed toward it, ζωῆς ἐλπίς B 1:6; cp. Tit 1:2; 3:7; Hs 9, 26, 2.—The references to future glory include the foll. expressions: βίβλος or βιβλίον (τῆς) ζωῆς (s. βίβλος 2) Phil 4:3; Rv 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27; Hv 1, 3, 2. τὸ ξύλον (τῆς) ζωῆς the tree of life (4 Macc 18:16; cp. Pr 3:18; Gen 2:9; PsSol 14:3; ParJer 9:16 [δένδρον]; ApcEsdr 2:11; ApcMos 19 al.; Philo.—ξύλον 3) Rv 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19; Dg 12:3f. στέφανος τ. ζωῆς (s. Bousset, Rel.³ 277f; MDibelius on Js 1:12; FCumont, Études syriennes 1917, 63–69; s. στέφανος) Js 1:12; Rv 2:10. ὕδωρ (τῆς) ζωῆς (Just., D. 19, 2 βάπτισμα; cp. ὕδωρ 2) 21:6; 22:1, 17. πηγὴ ζωῆς B 11:2 (cp. Jer 2:13; Ps 35:10; OdeSol 11:6). ζωῆς πηγαὶ ὑδάτων springs of living water Rv 7:17. For ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς s. ἄρτος 2 end.—FBurkitt, ZNW 12, 1911, 228–30; RCharles, A Critical Hist. of the Doctrine of a Fut. Life in Israel, in Judaism and in Christianity² 1913; FLindblom, D. ewige Leben 1914; Bousset, Rel.³ 269–95; JFrey, Biblica 13, ’32, 129–68.—EvDobschütz, D. Gewissheit des ew. Leb. nach d. NT: ‘Dienet einander’ 29, 1920/21, 1–8; 43–52; 65–71; 97–101; JUbbink, Het eeuwige leven bij Pls 1917; ESommerlath, D. Ursprung d. neuen Lebens nach Pls² 1926; JMüller, D. Lebensbegr. d. Hl. Pls ’40; NvArseniew, D. neue Leben nach dem Eph: Internat. Kirchl. Ztschr. 20, 1930, 230–36; EvSchrenk, D. joh. Anschauung vom ‘Leben’ 1898; JFrey, ‘Vie’ dans l’Év. de St. Jean: Biblica 1, 1920, 37–58; 211–39; RBultmann, D. Eschatol. d. Joh Ev.: Zwischen d. Zeiten 6, 1928, 1ff; HPribnow, D. joh. Anschauung v. ‘Leben’ ’34; DLyons, The Concept of Eternal Life in J ’38; JKoole, Diorama Johanneum. Ζωή: GereformTT 43, ’42, 276–84; FMussner, ΖΩΗ (Joh. lit.), diss. Munich ’52; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebrew Mngs. ’67, 163–201.—B. 285. S. βίος and Schmidt, Syn. IV 40–53. DELG s.v. ζώω 1. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

κομίζω 1 aor. ἐκόμισα. Mid.: fut. κομίσομαι and κομιοῦμαι Col 3:25 v.l.; 1 aor. ἐκομισάμην; pf. κεκόμισμαι. Pass.: aor. 3 sg. ἐκομίσθη 1 Esdr 2:14 (κομέω ‘take care of’; Hom.+).

① to convey someth. to a specific destination, bring act. (SIG 409, 29; 434, 42; 559, 28; PPetr III, 53k, 5; PTebt 55, 4;1 Esdr 4:5; 3 Macc 1:8) τὶ someth. (Jos., Vi. 50 ἐπιστολάς; TestJos 6:2) a jar of ointment Lk 7:37.

② to get back someth. that is one’s own or owed to one, get back, recover mid. (Eur., Thu. et al.; Isaeus 8, 8; Polyb. 1, 83, 8; 3, 40, 10; 10, 34, 3; Sir 29:6; Philo, De Jos. 210; 231; Jos., Ant. 13, 80) τὸ ἐμὸν σὺν τόκῳ what is mine with interest (for commercial usage cp. Lys. 32, 14; Andoc. 1, 38) Mt 25:27. Of Abraham: receive (his son) back (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 236; Isaeus 8:8 of a daughter) Hb 11:19 (Himerius, Or. 6 [2], Demeter τὴν ζητουμένην κομίζεται=receives the woman whom she sought [her daughter]).

③ to come into possession of someth. or experience someth., carry off, get (for oneself), receive freq. as recompense, mid. (Diod S 17, 69, 1; 20, 28, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 60, §252 γράμματα) τὰ ὀψώνια pay, wages IPol 6:2. μισθόν (Polystrat. p. 22; Lucian, Phal. 2, 5; SIG 193, 9; 11; 1077, 4; 2 Macc 8:33; Ath., R. 18 p. 70, 30 κομίσασθαι τὰ ἐπίχειρα) 2 Cl 11:5; cp. B 4:12, where μισθόν is to be supplied (as En 100:7). μισθὸν ἀδικίας reward for wrongdoing 2 Pt 2:13 v.l. (ἀδικέω 2 end). Of special divine favor in recognition of piety (Diod S 3, 2, 4) τῆς δόξης στέφανον 1 Pt 5:4 (cp. Eur., Hipp. 432 codd. κ. δόξαν; 1 Macc 13:37). κ. τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν receive a recompense for what (each one) has done during life in the body 2 Cor 5:10 (cp. the judgment scenes Pla., Phd. 113 and 114; s. also Diod S 8, 15); cp. Col 3:25. τοῦτο κομίσεται παρὰ κυρίου Eph 6:8 (PSI 438, 11 [III B.C.] κεκόμισμαι παρὰ Φανίου ἐπιστολήν). τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν the promise (i.e. what is promised) Hb 10:36; 11:13 v.l., 39. τὸ τέλος τῆς πίστεως σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν obtain as an outcome of faith the salvation of souls 1 Pt 1:9 (contrast 4:17).—DELG s.v. κομέω. M-M.