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61 title
I 1. ['taɪtl]1) (of book, film, play) titolo m.a film with the title "Rebecca" — un film dal titolo o intitolato "Rebecca"
2) sport titolo m.3) (name) titolo m. (anche dir.)2. II ['taɪtl]verbo transitivo intitolare [book, play]* * *1) (the name of a book, play, painting, piece of music etc: The title of the painting is `A Winter Evening'.) titolo2) (a word put before a person's name to show rank, honour, occupation etc: Sir John; Lord Henry; Captain Smith; Professor Brown; Dr (Doctor) Peter Jones.) titolo•- titled- title deed
- title page
- title rôle* * *I 1. ['taɪtl]1) (of book, film, play) titolo m.a film with the title "Rebecca" — un film dal titolo o intitolato "Rebecca"
2) sport titolo m.3) (name) titolo m. (anche dir.)2. II ['taɪtl]verbo transitivo intitolare [book, play] -
62 производить
несов. - производи́ть, сов. - произвести́1) (вн.; изготовлять) make (d); ( вырабатывать) produce (d); (изготавливать промышленно тж.) manufacture (d)2) (вн.; осуществлять, выполнять какой-л процесс) do (d), carry out (d), perform (d)производи́ть ремо́нт (рд.) — repair (d); (без доп.) carry out repairs; (квартиры, здания) do a renovation
производи́ть рабо́ту — execute the work
производи́ть смотр (дт.) — hold a review (of), review (d)
производи́ть съёмку (рд.; землемерную) — make a survey (of); ( кинофильма) shoot a film
производи́ть уче́ние воен. — drill, train
произвести́ вы́стрел — fire a shot
производи́ть платёж — effect payment
производи́ть о́пыты (над) — experiment (on, with), carry out experiments (on, with)
производи́ть подсчёт — make a calculation
производи́ть техни́ческий осмо́тр — carry out a technical inspection
3) воен. (вн. в им. мн.; присваивать звание) promote (d to; d to the rank of)его́ произвели́ в капита́ны — he was promoted to (the rank of) captain
4) тк. несов. (вн.) лингв. derive (d)5) (вн.; вызывать, оказывать, создавать и т.п. - в устойчивых сочетаниях с рядом сущ.) produce (d), create (d)производи́ть впечатле́ние (на вн.) — make / produce / create an impression (on, upon), impress (d), have an effect (on)
производи́ть благоприя́тное впечатле́ние на кого́-л — impress smb favourably
како́е впечатле́ние он произво́дит на вас? — what impression does he make on you?, how does he strike you?
производи́ть сенса́цию — make / cause a sensation
производи́ть шум — make a noise
••производи́ть на свет — bring (d) into the world, give birth (to)
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63 πρεσβεύω
Aπεπρέσβευκα Ar.Ach. 610
, D.19.310:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.ἐπρεσβευσάμην Th.1.92
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. πεπρέσβευμαι (v. infr.):I prop. of age,1 intr., to be the elder or eldest, S.OC 1422;οἱ ἀεὶ πρεσβεύοντες Pl.Lg. 951e
: c. gen. pers., to be older than, be the eldest of a number,τῶν προτέρων ἐπρέσβευε Hdt.7.2
;π. τῶν ἄλλων κατὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν Timae. 114
; π. ἀπ' αὐτοῦ to be his eldest son, Th.6.55; of wine,πολλαῖς π. ἐτέων.. ὥραις Archestr.Fr.60.2
;π. τοῖς χρόνοις τὰ ἡρωικά Ath.1.19a
: hence,c c. gen., rank before, take precedence of others,π. τῶν πολλῶν πόλεων Pl.Lg. 752e
: hence, rule over,Ολύμπου π. S.Aj. 1389
;Ἴναχε.. μέγα πρεσβεύων Ἄργους γύαις Id.Fr. 270
(anap.); also, have at one's command or disposal, c. gen., καὶ εἰ ( καὶ σὺ Kaibel)τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ πρεσβεύεις Ath.8.352d
.2 trans., place as oldest or first, put first in rank,πρῶτον.. πρεσβεύω θεῶν Γαῖαν A.Eu.1
: hence, pay special honour or worship to,πρῶτον τόνδε πρεσβεύσω τάφον Id.Ch. 488
, cf.S.Tr. 1065, Pl.Smp. 186b; joined with ;τὰ δίκαια πρὸ παντὸς ἰδίου συμφέροντος Plu.Luc.3
, cf. Arr. An.6.30.3:—[voice] Pass., hold the first place,Παλλὰς.. ἐν λόγοις π. A.Eu. 21
; ὁ δ' ὕστατός γε τοῦ χρόνου π. is first in point of time, Id.Ag. 1300: c. gen., κακῶν πρεσβεύεται τὸ Αήμνιον is most notable of mischiefs, Id.Ch. 631 (lyr.); τὸ πρεσβύτερον τοῦ νεωτέρου ἐστὶ πρεσβευόμενον is more honoured than.., Pl.Lg. 879b.b later, cultivate arts, etc.,διαλεκτικόν, τὸ.. τοὺς λόγους πρεσβεῦον D.L.1.18
;π. παρὰ Ῥοδίοις ἃ μήπω ἐγίγνωσκον Philostr.VS1
Praef.;πόλις ὄρχησιν μάλιστα πρεσβεύουσα Luc.Salt.76
.II to be an ambassador or serve as one, IG12.135.5;ἀπὸ Κορίνθου Hdt.5.93
;εἰς Θετταλίαν And.4.41
; παρά or πρός τινα, Pl.Chrm. 158a, X.Cyr.5.1.3; τινος for one, E.Heracl. 479: abs., Ar. Ach. 610, etc.: c. acc. cogn.,ἃς ἐπρέσβευσεν [εἰς Θήβας] πρεσβείας Din.1.16
.b at Rome, act as legatus, Plu.Sull.4.2 c. acc. objecti, π. εἰρήνην negotiate peace, And.3.23, Isoc.4.177, D.19.134, etc.; π. ὑπὲρ τουτωνὶ τὰ βέλτιστα ib.189; π. πολλὰ καὶ δεινά ibid.:— [voice] Pass., τὰ αὑτῷ πεπρεσβευμένα his negotiations, ib.20; πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ πεπρεσβεῦσθαι ib.240.3 [voice] Med., send ambassadors, ἐς χωρία, ἐς τὴν Θουρίαν, Th.2.7, 6.104;πρεσβεύεσθαι παρά τινας Id.4.41
, etc.;πρός τινας Id.1.126
;ἐς Αακεδαίμονα περὶ καθόδου Id.3.85
.b go as ambassador, Id.5.39.III c. acc. rei, represent, urge, maintain, Luc.Pisc.23; [ δόγματα] Gal.6.753;τὴν ὄψιν κατὰ εἰσδοχὴν π. Olymp. in Mete. 5.6
: c. inf., κατὰ ἐκπομπὴν εἶναι τὴν ὄψιν ib. 10.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρεσβεύω
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64 godnoś|ć
f 1. sgt (duma) dignity, pride- godność człowieka human dignity- z godnością [zachować się, powiedzieć] with dignity- bez godności [osoba] lacking in dignity; [zachowanie] undignified; [zachowywać się] in an undignified manner- pełen godności dignified- dodawać czemuś godności to dignify sth, to lend sth dignity- dodawać komuś godności to give a. lend sb dignity- uwłaczający godności demeaning, humiliating- urazić czyjąś godność to hurt sb’s pride2. sgt książk. (nazwisko) (sur)name- pana godność? (what’s) your name, please?3. (G pl godności) książk. (funkcja, urząd) office, rank- godność marszałka/premiera the office of marshal/prime minister- godność królewska royalty- nadawać komuś godność kardynała to confer the rank of cardinal on sb- piastować godność to hold an office- składać godność to hand in one’s resignation- być obsypanym godnościami to be showered with honoursThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > godnoś|ć
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65 Introduction
Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.LAND AND PEOPLEThe Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into theAtlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)1864 4,287,000 first census1890 5,049,7001900 5,423,0001911 5,960,0001930 6,826,0001940 7,185,1431950 8,510,0001960 8,889,0001970 8,668,000* note decrease1980 9,833,0001991 9,862,5401996 9,934,1002006 10,642,8362010 10,710,000 (estimated) -
66 level
level [ˈlevl]1. noun• the level of support for the government is high/low beaucoup/peu de gens soutiennent le gouvernement• the level of public interest in the scheme remains low le public continue à manifester peu d'intérêt pour ce projet► on + level• on a level with... au même niveau que...• is he on the level? (inf) est-ce qu'il joue franc-jeu ?2. adjectivea. [surface] plan• hold the two sticks absolutely level (with each other) tiens les deux bâtons exactement à la même hauteur• she slowed down a little to let the car draw level with her elle a ralenti un peu afin de permettre à la voiture d'arriver à sa hauteurc. [voice, tones] calmea. ( = make level) [+ site, ground] niveler ; [+ quantities] répartir égalementb. ( = demolish) raserc. ( = aim) to level a blow at sb allonger un coup de poing à qn5. compounds[statistics, results, prices] se stabiliser[statistics, results, prices] se stabiliser ; [road] s'aplanir* * *['levl] 1.1) gen, School niveau mon the same level — au même niveau or à la même hauteur
at waist-/knee-level — à la hauteur de la taille/des genoux
that is on a level with blackmail — fig ça revient à faire du chantage
2) ( degree) (of pollution, noise) niveau m; ( of unemployment) taux m; ( of spending) montant m; (of satisfaction, anxiety) degré m3) ( position in hierarchy) échelon m2.1) ( not at an angle) [shelf, floor] droit; [surface] plan; [table] horizontal2) ( not bumpy) [ground, surface, land] plat3) Culinary [teaspoonful] ras4) ( equally high)to be level — [shoulders, windows] être à la même hauteur; [floor, building] être au même niveau
5) fig (in achievement, rank)to be level — [competitors] être à égalité
3. 4.to remain level — [figures] rester stable
1) raser [village, area]2) ( aim) braquer [gun, weapon] (at sur); lancer [accusation] (at contre); adresser [criticism] (at à)•Phrasal Verbs:••to be on the level — ( trustworthy) être réglo (colloq)
to level with somebody — (colloq) être honnête avec quelqu'un
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67 line
I [laɪn] 1. сущ.1)а) верёвка, шнур; мор. линьSyn:б) поэт. нить паутиныв) проводSyn:д) ( lines) диал.; амер. поводья3) ( lines) предопределённый жребий, судьба4)а) линия; черта, штрихcrooked / curved line — кривая, кривая линия
fine / thin line — тонкая линия
heavy / thick line — толстая линия
- wavy linesolid / unbroken line — сплошная линия
- broken lineб) муз. линейка ( нотного стана), нотная линейкав) иск. линия; линии, контурыг) спорт. черта, линия ( часть разметки на поле)5) муз. инструментальная или вокальная мелодия, мелодическая линияBut it is line, always line, not harmony, that is the essence of the matter. — Но именно мелодическая линия, именно мелодия, а не гармония составляет самое существенное.
6) тлв.; = scan(ning) line строка изображения7)а) линия рукиб) морщина, складка ( на лице или на руках)8) ( the line) экватор; небесный экваторSyn:9)а) поведение, образ действий; разг. лёгкость в обращении, внешне привлекательное поведение или обращениеб) полит. курсThey think that the liberal line - uncontrolled immigration - can be held for a few more years, but not indefinitely. — Они полагают, что линия, которую проводят либералы, а именно неконтролируемая иммиграция, может продержаться ещё несколько лет, но не бесконечно.
10)а) контур, очертанияThe round line of the sea was bleared. — Закруглённая береговая линия была едва видна.
Syn:Line, the silhouette of a garment that makes it look fashionable or unfashionable. — Покрой - это силуэт одежды, который делает её модной или немодной.
11) ( lines) план, чертёж12) линия (мера длины, равная 1/12 дюйма)13)а) граница, пограничная линия; предел прям. и перен.to go over the line — перейти границы, перейти предел
snow line — нижняя граница вечных снегов; снеговая граница, линия
Syn:б) карт. черта ( при подсчёте очков в бридже)above the line — "над чертой" (колонка, куда заносятся премиальные очки)
below the line — "под чертой" (колонка, куда заносится цена заявленных очков в случае выполнения контракта разыгрывающим)
14) амер.; брит. queue очередьto be in line for smth. — быть на очереди, иметь шанс на что-л.
15) поэт. стая гусей16) = assembly line конвейер17) воен.а) оборонительный рубеж; линия фронтаline of battle — боевой порядок; линия фронта
в) ( the line) пехотные части ( в британской армии), строевые войска ( в американской армии)18)а) строкаline by / for line — с начала до конца, строка за строкой, пункт за пунктом
б) записка, короткое письмоDrop me a few lines. — Черкните мне несколько строк.
19) ( lines)а) стихи, поэзияSyn:б) строчки, переписываемые в качестве наказания ( для нерадивых учеников)в) = marriage lines свидетельство о бракег) театр. слова роли, реплика20) генеалогия, происхождение, родословнаяto establish / found a line — составить родословную
21)а) направление, путь, курсб) линия сообщения; сокр. от line of rails, railway line, tram line железнодорожная линияамер.
streetcar / брит. tram line — трамвайная линияSyn:в) линия связиThe line is engaged. — брит. Линия занята.
Line busy. — Занято. ( ответ телефонистки)
The line is bad. — Плохо слышно.
22) направление, ход, течение (действий, мыслей, жизни)Few men whose line of life lay so far apart from a naturalist's or a poet's can ever have loved nature or poetry better. — Среди людей, чья жизнь столь далека от жизни натуралиста или поэта, лишь немногие могут так любить природу или поэзию.
23) занятие, род деятельности, область интересовnot in my / out of my line — не по моей части
line of business — театр. актёрское амплуа
24) партия товаровto carry / handle / introduce a line — продавать товары
to discontinue / drop a line — прекращать выпуск или продажу
complete / full line — полный ассортимент ( товаров)
The shop carries the best line of shoes. — В этом магазине продается самая лучшая обувь.
25) "линия" (перечень событий и исходов с коэффициентами выигрышей, предлагаемые букмекером для заключения пари)••to pay on the line — оплачивать сразу, не откладывая
to draw the line at smth. — пресечь что-л., положить конец чему-л.
to step / get out of line — выходить за рамки приличий, нарушать правила поведения
- hot line- on line
- off line
- give line
- by line
- by line and level
- by rule and line
- bring into a line
- bring into line
- get a line on
- give a line on
- lay it on the line
- put it on the line
- shoot a line- come into line- do a line with smb. 2. гл.1) отмечать линией или линиями; проводить линии, покрывать линиями, линовать; покрывать морщинамиto line through — зачёркивать, вычёркивать
Line the pages for the graph both horizontally and vertically. — Разлинуй страницы по горизонтали и по вертикали для графиков.
He had a healthy colour in his cheeks, and his face, though lined, bore few traces of anxiety. — У него был здоровый вид и, несмотря на морщины, он не выглядел озабоченным.
His pale face was lined with melancholy resignation. — Его бледное лицо было отмечено унылой покорностью.
2) = line out набрасывать, чертитьSyn:3) = line upа) выстраивать, располагать в ряд, в линию; устанавливать очередьPeople were lined up in front of the theater. — Людей выстроили в линию перед театром.
б) выстраиваться, располагаться в одну линию; выстраиваться в очередь; стоять, тянуться вдоль (чего-л.)Orange trees lined the well gravelled walks. — Апельсиновые деревья тянулись вдоль покрытых гравием дорожек.
•Syn:•- line upII [laɪn] гл.1)2)а) обивать, обшивать (чем-л.) изнутри3) разг. набивать, наполнятьto line one's pockets — нажиться, разбогатеть
The shelves are lined with books. — Полки заставлены книгами.
Syn:4) тех. выкладывать, облицовывать -
68 level
level ['levəl]niveau ⇒ 1 (a)-(d), 1 (f) hauteur ⇒ 1 (a) taux ⇒ 1 (b) échelon ⇒ 1 (c) étage ⇒ 1 (f) plat ⇒ 1 (g), 2 (a) au même niveau ⇒ 2 (b) à la même hauteur ⇒ 2 (b) horizontal ⇒ 2 (c) de/à niveau ⇒ 2 (c) à égalité ⇒ 2 (d) calme ⇒ 2 (e) à l'horizontale ⇒ 3 aplanir ⇒ 4 (a) niveler ⇒ 4 (a)1 noun∎ at ground level au niveau du sol;∎ water seeks its own level c'est le principe des vases communicants; figurative on se heurte toujours à ses propres limites;∎ the level of the river has risen overnight le niveau de la rivière a monté pendant la nuit;∎ the flood waters have reached the level of the bridge la crue a atteint le niveau du pont;∎ the sink is on a level with the work surface l'évier est au niveau du ou de niveau avec le plan de travail;∎ on the same level au même niveau∎ noise levels are far too high le niveau sonore est bien trop élevé;∎ a low level of sugar in the bloodstream un faible taux de sucre dans le sang;∎ inflation has reached new levels l'inflation a atteint de nouveaux sommets;∎ check the oil level (in car) vérifiez le niveau d'huile;∎ her ambition is on a level with mine son ambition est du même ordre que la mienne;∎ Computing levels of grey échelle f des gris∎ at cabinet/national level à l'échelon ministériel/national;∎ at a regional level au niveau régional;∎ talks are being held at the highest level on négocie au plus haut niveau(d) (standard) niveau m;∎ her level of English is poor elle n'a pas un très bon niveau en anglais;∎ students at beginners' level étudiants mpl au niveau débutant;∎ a high level of competence/intelligence un haut niveau de compétence/d'intelligence;∎ they're not on the same level at all ils ne sont pas du tout du même niveau, ils n'ont absolument pas le même niveau;∎ she's on a different level from the others elle n'est pas au même niveau que les autres;∎ to come down to sb's level se mettre au niveau de qn;∎ don't descend or sink to their level ne t'abaisse pas à leur niveau∎ on a personal level, I really like him sur le plan personnel, je l'aime beaucoup;∎ on a practical level du point de vue pratique∎ the library is on level three la bibliothèque est au niveau trois ou au troisième étage(g) (flat land) plat m;∎ 100 km/h on the level 100 km/h sur le plat(h) (for woodwork, building etc)∎ (spirit) level niveau m (à bulle)∎ on the level (honest) honnête□, réglo;∎ do you think he's on the level? tu crois qu'il est réglo ou que c'est un type réglo?;∎ I'm giving it to you on the level je te dis ça franchement ou sans détour;∎ this deal is definitely on the level cette affaire est tout ce qu'il y a de plus réglo∎ a level spoonful une cuillerée rase;∎ to make sth level aplanir qch∎ the terrace is level with the pool la terrasse est au même niveau que ou de plain-pied avec la piscine;∎ his head is just level with my shoulder sa tête m'arrive exactement à l'épaule∎ the leading cars are almost level les voitures de tête sont presque à la même hauteur;∎ to draw level se trouver à égalité;∎ the other runners drew level with me les autres coureurs m'ont rattrapé(e) (calm, steady) calme, mesuré;∎ to speak in a level voice parler d'une voix calme ou posée;∎ she gave me a level look elle me regarda posément;∎ to keep a level head garder la tête froide∎ you're not being level with me tu ne joues pas franc jeu avec moi∎ to do one's level best faire de son mieux;∎ she did her level best to irritate me elle a tout fait pour me mettre en colère;∎ they're level pegging ils sont à égalité3 adverbà l'horizontale;∎ hold the tray level tenez le plateau à l'horizontale ou bien à plat;∎ Aviation to fly level voler en palier∎ to level a town (to the ground) raser une ville∎ to level a gun at sb braquer une arme sur qn;∎ to level accusations at sb lancer des accusations contre qn;∎ a lot of criticism has been levelled at me on m'a beaucoup critiqué(c) (in surveying) effectuer des opérations de nivellement dans, niveler∎ familiar to level with sb être franc avec qn□, jouer franc jeu avec qn□►► British & French Canadian level crossing passage m à niveau;Aviation level flight vol m horizontal(surface) aplanir, niveler; (standard) niveler par le bas(a) (production, rise, development) s'équilibrer, se stabiliser;∎ the curve on the graph levels off at this point la courbe du graphique se stabilise à partir d'ici;∎ the team's performance has levelled off this season les résultats de l'équipe se sont stabilisés cette saison(flatten) aplatir, niveler(a) (road, surface) s'aplanir(b) (stabilize) se stabilisernivelerniveler (par le haut) -
69 position
position [pə'zɪʃən]position ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d), 1 (e), 1 (h)-(j) situation ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c), 1 (d), 1 (f) place ⇒ 1 (d) poste ⇒ 1 (f) guichet ⇒ 1 (g) mettre en place ⇒ 2 (a) placer ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b) situer ⇒ 2 (b) orienter ⇒ 2 (c)1 noun∎ in position en place;∎ to put sth in(to) position mettre qch en place;∎ you've changed the position of the lamp vous avez changé la lampe de place;∎ remember the position of the cards souvenez-vous de la position des cartes;∎ white is now in a strong position (in chess) les blancs sont maintenant très bien placés;∎ they put the machine guns in or into position ils mirent les mitrailleuses en batterie;∎ take up your positions!, get into position! (actors, dancers) à vos places!; (soldiers, guards) à vos postes!(b) (posture, angle) position f;∎ to change or to shift position changer de position;∎ in a sitting position en position assise;∎ hold the spray can in an upright position tenez le vaporisateur en position verticale;∎ the position of the pointer on the dial la position de l'aiguille sur le cadran;∎ the lever should be in the on/off position le levier devrait être en position marche/arrêt(c) (circumstances) situation f;∎ the position as I see it is this voici comment je vois la situation ou les choses;∎ to be in a bad/good position être en mauvaise/bonne posture;∎ you're in no position to judge vous êtes mal placé pour (en) juger;∎ to be in a position to do sth être en mesure de faire qch;∎ to be in a strong position être bien placé;∎ put yourself in my position mettez-vous à ma place;∎ it's an awkward position to be in c'est une drôle de situation;∎ our financial position is improving notre situation financière s'améliore;∎ the present economic position la conjoncture économique actuelle;∎ the cash position is not good la situation de la caisse laisse à désirer(d) (rank → in table, scale) place f, position f; (→ in hierarchy) position f, situation f; (social standing) position f, place f;∎ they're in tenth position in the championship ils sont à la dixième place ou ils occupent la dixième place du championnat;∎ his position in the firm is unclear sa situation au sein de l'entreprise n'est pas claire;∎ what exactly is his position in the government? quelles sont exactement ses fonctions au sein du gouvernement?;∎ a person in my position can't afford a scandal une personne de mon rang ne peut se permettre un scandale;∎ she is concerned about her social position elle est préoccupée par sa position sociale(e) (standpoint) position f, point m de vue;∎ try to see things from my position essayez de voir les choses de mon point de vue;∎ to take up a position on sth adopter une position ou prendre position sur qch;∎ I have no position on the matter je n'ai pas d'idée bien arrêtée sur le sujet;∎ could you make your position clear on this point? pouvez-vous préciser votre position à ce sujet?;∎ his position on the death penalty is indefensible son point de vue sur la peine de mort est indéfendable;∎ what is the American position on this issue? quelle est la position des Américains sur ce problème?;∎ her position is that… ce qu'elle pense c'est que…, son point de vue est que…∎ there were four candidates for the position of manager il y avait quatre candidats au poste de directeur;∎ it is a position of great responsibility c'est un poste à haute responsabilité;∎ position of trust poste m de confiance;∎ what was your previous position? quel était votre poste précédent?∎ position closed (sign) guichet fermé∎ he can play in any position il peut jouer à n'importe quelle position ou place;∎ the full back was out of position l'arrière était mal placé∎ to move into position se mettre en place ou en position;∎ the men took up position on the hill les hommes prirent position sur la colline;∎ to defend a position défendre une position;∎ to jockey or to jostle or to manoeuvre for position chercher à occuper le terrain; figurative chercher à obtenir la meilleure place(j) Stock Exchange position f;∎ to take a long/short position prendre une position longue/courte(a) (put in place → cameras, equipment) mettre en place, placer, disposer; (→ guests, officials, players) placer; (→ guards, police, troops) poster, mettre en position;∎ the TV cameras were positioned round the square les caméras de télé ont été disposées autour de la place;∎ he positioned himself on the roof il a pris position sur le toit;∎ they have positioned their ships in the gulf ils ont envoyé leurs navires dans le golfe(b) (usu passive) (situate → house, building) situer, placer;∎ the school is positioned near a dangerous crossroads l'école est située ou placée près d'un carrefour dangereux;∎ the flat is well positioned l'appartement est bien situé;∎ we are well positioned to take advantage of this opportunity nous sommes bien placés pour tirer parti de cette opportunité(c) (adjust angle of → lamp, aerial) orienter►► Stock Exchange position limit limite f de position;Politics position paper déclaration f de principe;Stock Exchange position trader spéculateur(trice) m,f sur plusieurs positions -
70 raise
raise [reɪz]augmentation ⇒ 1 (a) lever ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (e), 2 (f), 2 (n) soulever ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (k) remonter ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (c) relever ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b) augmenter ⇒ 2 (b) élever ⇒ 2 (c), 2 (d), 2 (i), 2 (j), 2 (l), 2 (r)1 noun∎ to get a raise être augmenté, avoir une augmentation(a) (lift, move upwards → gen) lever; (→ burden, lid) soulever; (→ veil) relever; (→ weight) lever, soulever; (→ blind) remonter; (→ flag) hisser; (→ sunken ship) renflouer;∎ she didn't raise her eyes from her book elle n'a pas levé les yeux de son livre;∎ he tried to raise himself from the sofa il essaya de se lever du canapé;∎ she raised herself to her full height elle se dressa de toute sa hauteur;∎ to raise a patient to a sitting position soulever un malade pour l'asseoir;∎ to raise one's glass (to sb) lever son verre (à la santé de qn);∎ to raise one's glass to one's lips porter son verre à ses lèvres;∎ to raise one's fist to sb menacer qn du poing;∎ to raise sb's hackles hérisser qn;∎ to raise one's hand to sb lever la main sur qn;∎ to raise one's hat to sb soulever son chapeau pour saluer qn; figurative tirer son chapeau à qn;∎ to raise a cloud of dust soulever un nuage de poussière;∎ Military & figurative to raise one's sights viser plus haut(b) (increase → offer, price, tax, salaries) augmenter; (→ interest rates) relever; (→ temperature, tension) faire monter; (→ volume) augmenter;∎ the speed limit has been raised to 150 km/h la limitation de vitesse est passée à 150 km/h;∎ the age limit has been raised to 18 la limite d'âge a été repoussée à 18 ans;∎ to raise the school-leaving age prolonger la scolarité;∎ to raise a credit limit déplafonner un crédit;∎ to raise the ceiling on wage increases augmenter le plafond des salaires;∎ to raise production to a maximum porter la production au maximum;∎ to raise the stakes faire monter les enjeux;∎ to raise the pass mark élever le niveau requis;∎ to raise (the level of) a wall rehausser ou surélever un mur;∎ to raise the level of the ground rehausser le niveau du sol;∎ no one raised their voice (to answer or to speak) personne ne souffla mot(c) (boost, improve) remonter, élever;∎ to raise standards (of education, morality) élever le niveau; (of cleanliness, safety) améliorer les conditions;∎ to raise the standard of living améliorer le niveau de vie;∎ our aim is to raise overall standards notre but est d'élever le niveau global;∎ to raise sb's spirits remonter le moral à qn;∎ to raise sb's hopes donner des espoirs à qn;∎ to raise the tone or the level of the conversation élever le niveau de la conversation∎ Military & figurative to raise sb from the ranks promouvoir qn;∎ raised to the rank of colonel élevé au rang de colonel;∎ the Queen raised him to the peerage la reine l'éleva à la pairie∎ we have raised over a million signatures nous avons recueilli plus d'un million de signatures∎ he wanted a new motorbike but couldn't raise the money il voulait une moto neuve mais il n'a pas pu trouver l'argent nécessaire;∎ we have to raise $10,000 by Friday il faut que nous trouvions 10 000 dollars d'ici vendredi;∎ to raise funds (for) (for charity) collecter des fonds (pour ou au profit de); (for business, government programme) se procurer des fonds (pour ou au profit de);∎ to raise a loan (on) (of government) émettre ou lancer un emprunt (sur); (of individual) faire un emprunt (sur)(g) (make, produce)∎ they raised a cheer when she came in ils ont poussé des bravos quand elle est entrée;∎ he managed to raise a smile when he saw us il a réussi à sourire en nous voyant(h) (cause as reaction → laugh, welt, blister, rebellion) provoquer;∎ his jokes didn't even raise a smile ses plaisanteries n'ont même pas fait sourire;∎ to raise a storm of laughter/protest déclencher ou soulever une tempête de rires/de protestations(i) (rear → children, family) élever∎ she raised several objections elle souleva plusieurs objections;∎ this might raise doubts as to his competence ça pourrait soulever ou susciter des doutes quant à ses compétences;∎ his attitude raises certain questions son attitude pose ou soulève certaines questions;∎ his attitude raises questions about his loyalty son attitude remet en question sa loyauté∎ to raise a statue to sb élever une statue à qn∎ they were making enough noise to raise the dead ils faisaient un bruit à réveiller les morts(n) (end → ban, embargo, siege) lever∎ the radio officer was trying to raise Boston le radio essayait de contacter Boston∎ I'll raise you £5 je relance de 5 livres(r) Mathematics élever;∎ to raise a number to the power of n élever un nombre à la puissance n∎ to raise land arriver en vue de terre(in bridge) monter, enchérir; (in poker) relancer∎ to raise oneself up se soulever;∎ she raised herself up onto the chair elle se hissa sur la chaise -
71 ♦ field
♦ field /fi:ld/n.3 ( sport) campo; terreno di gioco: football field, campo di (o da) calcio; sports field, campo da gioco; to take the field, scendere in campo4 ( sport: the field) i concorrenti; i partecipanti; gli atleti in campo; il gruppo; i corridori: a good field, una schiera di ottimi concorrenti; to lead the field, guidare il gruppo; essere in testa; (fig.) essere il primo, guidare la classifica8 (geol., spesso in combinazione) bacino; giacimento: gold field, bacino aurifero; coalfield, bacino carbonifero; oilfield, giacimento petrolifero; bacino petrolifero9 distesa; campo: a field of ice (o an ice field) una distesa di ghiaccio; snow field, distesa (o campo) di neve10 (fig.) campo ( di studio, di attività); campo d'azione; area; settore; branca: the field of science [of art], il campo della scienza [dell'arte]; She's the best in her field, è la migliore nel suo campo; What's your field?, di che cosa ti occupi?; That's outside my field, esula dal mio campo; field research [studies], ricerca [studi] sul campo11 (tecn., scient.) campo: (fis.) magnetic [gravitational] field, campo magnetico [gravitazionale]; (fis.) electromagnetic field, campo elettromagnetico; (fis.) force field, campo di forze; (fisiol., med.) field of view (o field of vision) campo visivo12 (elettron.) semiquadro14 (arald., numism.) campo● (mil.) field allowance, soprassoldo, indennità di campagna ( pagata agli ufficiali) □ (mil.) field artillery, artiglieria da campo (o campale) □ (bot.) field balm ( Satureja nepeta), mentuccia □ (mil.) field battery, batteria da campo (o campale) □ field book, taccuino da agrimensore □ field boots, stivali militari al ginocchio □ (elettr.) field coil, avvolgimento di campo; bobina eccitatrice □ ( USA) field corn, granturco usato come mangime □ (zool.) field cricket ( Gryllus campestris), grillo □ field day, (mil.) giorno delle grandi manovre; ( a scuola) giornata passata all'aperto ( per fare dello sport, studiare la natura, ecc.); (estens.) giornata di grande attività □ (fam.) to have a field day, fare qc. con grande entusiasmo; divertirsi un mondo (a fare qc.); ( anche) buttarsi a pesce su q., andarci a nozze: We had a field day in town, abbiamo fatto un sacco di cose in città; The press had a field day with her divorce, la stampa si è buttata a pesce sul suo divorzio □ field dressing, pacco di medicazioni d'emergenza □ (elettr.) field-effect transistor, transistor a effetto di campo □ (fis.) field emission, emissione di campo □ field engineer, ingegnere di cantiere; (comput.) tecnico per l'assistenza presso il cliente □ ( sport) field events, (gare di) atletica leggera ( non su pista) □ (market.) field force, gruppo d'intervistatori □ field glasses, binocolo (da campagna) □ ( sport) field goal, ( basket) canestro segnato su azione; ( football americano) calcio piazzato, messo a segno □ field guide, guida ( libro) alle caratteristiche naturali ( di una regione) □ (mil.) field gun, cannone da campagna □ ( USA) field hand, bracciante agricolo □ ( sport) field hockey, hockey su prato □ (med. mil.) field hospital, ospedale da campo □ ( sport) field house, edificio degli spogliatoi □ field ice, banchisa □ (market.) field investigation, indagine esterna □ ( sport) field judge, giudice di campo □ (org. az.) field manager, direttore di zona □ (mil., in GB) field marshal, ‘field marshal’ ( è il grado più alto dell'esercito; non ha equivalente in Italia) □ field mouse, topo campagnolo □ field mushroom, (fungo) prataiolo □ (mil.) field of fire, campo di fuoco (o di tiro) □ (org. az.) field office, ufficio di zona; ufficio distaccato □ (mil.) field officer, ufficiale superiore □ (aeron.) field personnel, personale a terra □ field preacher, predicatore ambulante □ (mil.) field rank, grado superiore □ field scientist, scienziato impegnato in ricerche sul campo □ ( basket) field shot, tiro da due (o da tre) □ ( sport) field sports, caccia e pesca □ field staff, personale esterno ( che lavora fuori sede) □ field study, ricerca sul campo □ field telephone, telefono da campo □ field test, prova (o test) sul campo; collaudo in condizioni reali di utilizzo □ field trip, viaggio per ricerche sul campo; gita (scolastica) di istruzione □ ( baseball) field umpire, secondo arbitro □ (zool.) field vole ( Microtus arvalis), topo campagnolo comune □ ( sport e fig.) ahead of the field, in testa a tutti; primo □ (agric.) to burn off the fields, bruciare le stoppie □ to give fair field and no favour, concedere campo franco e sicuro; assicurare condizioni di parità a due concorrenti □ to hold the field, tenere (o dominare) il campo □ in the field, (mil.) sul campo; (rif. ad attività lavorativa) sul campo, fuori dell'ufficio (o dell'azienda, ecc.) □ to keep the field, (mil.) restare in campo; (fig.) non abbandonare un'attività (o una gara) □ (fam. USA) out in left field, completamente fuori strada □ (fam. USA) out of left field, all'improvviso; di punto in bianco □ (fam.) to play the field, correre la cavallina; passare da un'avventura all'altra.(to) field /fi:ld/A v. t.1 (mil.) mettere in campo, schierare5 (fig.) rispondere (abilmente) a ( domande, ecc.); tener testa a: I had to field a barrage of questions, dovetti rispondere a un fuoco di fila di domandeB v. i. -
72 lijn
2 [wiskunde] line4 [omtrek] (out)line, contour7 [potlood/krijtstreep] line♦voorbeelden:2 in rechte lijn (gemeten) • in a straight/direct line, as the crow fliesin grote lijnen • broadly speaking, on the wholeaan de (slanke) lijn doen • be on a dietin grote lijnen begrijpen wat er gezegd wordt • get the gist of what is being said〈 figuurlijk〉 op één lijn brengen • align, bring into linealleen op binnenlandse lijnen vliegen • fly only domestic routesdie lijn bestaat niet meer • that service/route no longer existsblijft u even aan de lijn a.u.b. • hold the line, pleaseik heb je moeder aan de lijn • your mother is on the line/phonelijn 15 • number 157 lijnen trekken/krassen (op) • draw/scratch lines (on)de bal ging over de lijn • the ball crossed the lineeen harde lijn • a hard linede resultaten bewegen zich in opgaande lijn • the results show an upward trendin opgaande lijn • (going) in the right directioneen andere lijn (gaan) volgen • pursue a different coursedat ligt in zijn lijn • 〈 ongunstig〉 that's just the sort of thing he'd do; 〈 gunstig〉 that's right up his streetzij trekken één lijn • they adopt one single view -
73 П-55
HE ПАРА кому NP Invar subj-compl with быть0 (subj: human usu. pres) one does not suit s.o. in some respect, with regard to certain qualities (often in refer, to suitability for marriage in terms of social or financial status, age, appearance etc)X Y-y не пара = X is not a (good) match for YX is not right (not the right match) for Y X is no match (mate) for Y X is not the man (the woman) for Y (in limited contexts) X is not Y's equal X is not meant for Y.Наш замполит, капитан Сазонов, - типичный замполит, тупой, обрюзгший, с красной бычьей шеей и глазами навыкате, - был особенно ревнив... А она (его жена) -молоденькая, хрупкая, изящная, совсем ему не пара... (Буковский 1). Captain Sazonov, a typical commissar-stupid, flabby, with a red bull neck and bulging eyes-was the most jealous of all...She (his wife)-youthful, fragile, graceful-seemed not at all the right match for him.. (1a)(Марья Андреевна:) Я искала любви, вы - интриги, побед. Мы с вами не пара (Островский 1). IM.A:) I was looking for love, and you-for intrigues and conquests. You and I are no match, no match at all (1a).Можете судить потому, до какой степени ее бедствия доходили, что она (Катерина Ивановна), образованная и воспитанная в фамилии известной, за меня согласилась пойти! Но пошла! Плача и рыдая, и руки ломая-пошла! Ибо некуда было идти»... Раскольникову (Катерина Ивановна) показалась лет тридцати, и действительно была не пара Мармеладову (Достоевский 3). uYou can judge the degree of her privations from the fact that she (Katerina Ivanovna), so educated and cultivated and from a well-known family, consented to marry me! But she did! Weeping and sobbing and wringing her hands-she married me! For there was nowhere else to go."...She seemed to Raskolnikov to be about thirty, and truly was no mate for Marmeladov... (3a).«Я не богат, не чиновен, да и по летам совсем ему не пара...» (Лермонтов 1). "I am not rich, I don't hold high rank, and I'm certainly not his equal in years..." (Id). -
74 не пара
[NP; Invar; subj-compl with быть (subj: human); usu. pres]=====⇒ one does not suit s.o. in some respect, with regard to certain qualities (often in refer, to suitability for marriage in terms of social or financial status, age, appearance etc):- [in limited contexts] X is not Y's equal;- X is not meant for Y.♦ Наш замполит, капитан Сазонов, - типичный замполит, тупой, обрюзгший, с красной бычьей шеей и глазами навыкате, - был особенно ревнив... А она [его жена] - молоденькая, хрупкая, изящная, совсем ему не пара... (Буковский 1). Captain Sazonov, a typical commissar - stupid, flabby, with a red bull neck and bulging eyes-was the most jealous of all...She [his wife]-youthful, fragile, graceful-seemed not at all the right match for him.. (1a)♦ [Марья Андреевна:] Я искала любви, вы - интриги, побед. Мы с вами не пара (Островский 1). [М. А:] I was looking for love, and you-for intrigues and conquests. You and I are no match, no match at all (1a).♦ "Можете судить потому, до какой степени ее бедствия доходили, что она [Катерина Ивановна], образованная и воспитанная в фамилии известной, за меня согласилась пойти! Но пошла! Плача и рыдая, и руки ломая-пошла! Ибо некуда было идти"... Раскольникову [Катерина Ивановна] показалась лет тридцати, и действительно была не пара Мармеладову (Достоевский 3). "You can judge the degree of her privations from the fact that she [Katerina Ivanovna], so educated and cultivated and from a well-known family, consented to marry me! But she did! Weeping and sobbing and wringing her hands-she married me! For there was nowhere else to go."...She seemed to Raskolnikov to be about thirty, and truly was no mate for Marmeladov... (3a).♦ "Я не богат, не чиновен, да и по летам совсем ему не пара..." (Лермонтов 1). "I am not rich, I don't hold high rank, and I'm certainly not his equal in years..." (Id).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не пара
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75 podnosić
( unosić) to raise; ( z wysiłkiem) to lift; ( zbierać) to pick up; ( pomagać wstać) to lift; (poziom, płace, alarm) to raise; (problem, kwestię) to raise, to bring uppodnosić krzyk lub wrzawę — to raise a rumpus
podnosić liczbę do kwadratu/sześcianu — to square/cube a number
podnosić kogoś na duchu — to lift lub raise sb's spirits lub heart
* * *ipf.1. (= unosić, wznosić) raise, lift, elevate; podnieść kołnierz stand up the collar; podnieść słuchawkę pick up the receiver; podnieść kurtynę raise the curtain; podnieść kotwicę żegl. weigh anchor; podnieść żagle żegl. set sail; podnieść głos raise one's voice; podnieść głowę przen. (= nabrać otuchy) take heart; (= stać się zarozumiałym) become conceited; podnieść oczy l. wzrok raise one's eyes; podnieść rękę na kogoś raise one's hand against sb; podnieść kwestię/temat/problem bring up l. raise an issue/a topic/problem; kroczyć z podniesionym czołem hold one's head high.2. (= wziąć coś, co upadło, przechyliło się, leży) pick up; podnieść kogoś na nogi set sb (back) on their feet; podnieść kogoś na duchu cheer sb up, lift l. raise sb's spirits.3. (= podsuwać) raise.4. (= wzniecać) raise; podnieść alarm raise the alarm; podnosić kurz raise dust; podnosić krzyk l. wrzawę raise a rumpus.5. (= wzrastać, podnosić poziom) rise; po ulewie rzeki się podniosły after the downpour the rivers rose.6. (= wzmagać, poprawiać) increase, augment, raise; podnieść komuś pensję raise sb's pay; podnieść swoje kwalifikacje raise one's qualifications; podnieść wydajność improve efficiency; podnieść sprzedaż increase sales; podnieść liczbę do kwadratu/do sześcianu mat. square/cube a number; podnieść kogoś do godności biskupa raise sb to the rank of bishop.ipf.1. (= unosić się z pozycji siedzącej lub leżącej) stand l. get up, rise; podnieść się z łóżka get up; podnieść się z nędzy/upadku przen. raise from poverty/fall.2. (= być uniesionym) rise, stand; włosy mi się podniosły z wrażenia my hair stood on end.3. (= podrywać się z ziemi) take off, rise; kurz się podniósł dust rose; samolot się podniósł plane took off.4. (= wzmagać się, nasilać się) rise, increase; podniosła się sprzedaż sales rose.5. (o głosie, o dźwięku) erupt, resound.6. (= zerwać się) start, break out; wiatr się podniósł wind started blowing.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > podnosić
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76 foremost
adjective1) vorderst...2) (fig.) führend* * *['fo:moust]* * *fore·most[ˈfɔ:məʊst, AM ˈfɔ:rmoʊst]I. adj1. (important) führendthey were \foremost among those seeking to bring about reforms sie waren federführend unter denjenigen, die versuchten, Reformen einzuleiten2. (at the front) vorderste(r, s)II. advfirst and \foremost zuallererst2. (at the front) zuerstfeet/head \foremost mit den Füßen/dem Kopf voraus [o voran]to be carried out feet \foremost mit den Füßen zuerst hinausgetragen werden fam* * *['fɔːməʊst]1. adj1) (= leading) authority, writer, scholar etc führendto be foremost in doing sth — führend darin sein, etw zu tun
the thought which is foremost in his mind — der Gedanke, der ihn hauptsächlich beschäftigt
2) (NAUT) vorderste(r, s)2. advSee:→ first2)(= forwards)
to jump in feet/head foremost — mit den Füßen/dem Kopf zuerst hineinspringen* * *foremost [-məʊst]A adj1. vorderst(er, e, es), erst(er, e, es)2. figa) vornehmst(er, e, es)b) herausragendst(er, e, es)B adv zuerst:a) an erster Stelle:first and foremost zu allererst* * *adjective1) vorderst...2) (fig.) führend* * *adj.erst adj.vorderst adj. -
77 title
A n1 (of book, film, play) titre m ; a book/film with the title ‘Rebecca’ un livre/film intitulé ‘Rebecca’ ; the film appeared under the title of ‘Rebecca’ le film est sorti sous le titre de ‘Rebecca’ ;2 Sport titre m ; to win/hold the title remporter/détenir le titre ; women's/men's title Sport titre m féminin/masculin ; world title titre m mondial ; 1500m title titre m sur 1500m ;3 ( rank) titre m ; a man with a title un homme titré ; to have a title être titré ; to be given a title être anobli ; to take a title se voir conférer un titre de noblesse ; -
78 προηγορέω
A to be spokesman for others, X.An.5.5.7, Plu.2.386b: c. gen., X.HG2.2.22; π. τινί speak for, i.e. in defence of, another, Plu.Brut.6.2 to be senior in rank, of the Roman consul who possesses the fasces, Not.Arch.4.23 (Cyrene, Aug.).II [dialect] Dor. [full] προᾱγορέω, hold the office of προάγορος, IG14.952 ([place name] Agrigentum).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προηγορέω
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79 godność
- ci; f(duma, honor) dignity, self-respect, (urząd, funkcja) nom pl; -ci statusjak Pana/Pani godność? — what's your name, please?
* * *f.1. (= honor, duma) dignity, self-respect; mieć poczucie godności have a sense of dignity, possess dignity; godność osobista self-respect, dignity; nosić się z godnością possess self-respect; poniżej godności below the level of dignity.2. (= stanowisko) post, office; (= tytuł) title; (= status) status; piastować jakąś godność hold a post of; nadać komuś jakąś godność bestow l. confer a title on sb; podnieść kogoś do godności raise sb to a title, elevate sb to the rank l. status of; złożyć swą godność resign from post l. office, lay down sb's office.3. (= nazwisko) przest., tylko w pytaniach name; (jak) Pańska godność? what is your name, please?The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > godność
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80 title
ti·tle [ʼtaɪtl̩, Am -t̬l̩] n1) of a book, film Titel m2) ( film credits)\titles pl Vor-/Nachspann m3) (status, rank) Titel m;job \title Berufsbezeichnung fto hold the \title den Titel verteidigen5) no pl Rechtsanspruch m (to auf +akk); ( to a car) Fahrzeugbrief m; (to a house, property) Eigentumsrecht nt;to research a \title ein Eigentum prüfen vtthe report is \titled ‘Streetchildren’ der Bericht hat den Titel ‚Straßenkinder‘;to be aptly \titled ( usu iron) den treffenden Titel haben
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