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21 maison
maison [mεzɔ̃]1. feminine nouna. ( = bâtiment) houseb. ( = foyer) homec. ( = entreprise) company• la maison n'est pas responsable de... the company accepts no responsibility for...• « la maison ne fait pas crédit » "no credit"d. ( = famille royale) la maison de Hanovre the House of Hanover2. invariable adjectivea. [gâteau, confiture] home-made ; [personne] ( = formé sur place) (inf) trained by the firm ; ( = travaillant exclusivement pour l'entreprise) (inf) in-house• est-ce que c'est fait maison ? do you make it yourself?• il s'est fait engueuler quelque chose de maison ! (inf!) he got one hell of a row! (inf)3. compounds► maison des jeunes et de la culture ≈ community arts centre* * *mɛzɔ̃
1.
adjectif invariable1) (fait chez soi, comme chez soi) home-made2) ( d'une entreprise)
2.
1) ( bâtisse) house2) ( domicile familial) homefaire la jeune fille de la maison — hum to do the honours [BrE]
gens de maison — domestic staff [U]
4) ( lignée) family5) ( société) firm‘la maison ne fait pas crédit’ — ‘no credit given’
6) ( en astrologie) house•Phrasal Verbs:••c'est gros comme une maison — (colloq) it sticks out a mile
* * *mɛzɔ̃1. nf1) (= bâtiment) houseIls habitent dans la maison qui est au bout de la rue. — They live in the house at the end of the street.
maisons mitoyennes (en deux parties) — semi-detached houses, (faisant partie d'une rangée) terraced houses
2) (= chez-soi) homeIls ont admirablement meublé leur maison. — They furnished their home beautifully.
à la maison (situation) — at home, (avec direction) home
Je serai à la maison cet après-midi. — I'll be at home this afternoon.
Elle est rentrée à la maison. — She's gone home.
3) COMMERCE (= entreprise) firm2. adj inv CUISINE (gâteau, pâté)home-made, (au restaurant) made by the chef1) COMMERCE (propre à l'entreprise) in-houseNous avons notre formation maison. — We have in-house training.
2) * proper * right *une engueulade maison — a proper telling-off, a right telling-off
* * *A adj inv1 (fait chez soi, comme chez soi) home-made; ( fait sur place) made on the premises; commentaire/humour maison iron typical comment/humourGB;2 ( d'une entreprise) notre formation/spécialiste maison our very own training scheme/specialist;3 ○( très bon) first class.B nf1 ( bâtisse) house; maison individuelle detached house;2 ( domicile familial) home; rester à la maison to stay at home; quitter la maison to leave home; la maison familiale the family home; elle tient la maison she runs the house; gérer le budget de la maison to manage the household budget; il m'a fait les honneurs de la maison he showed me round the house; la maison du Seigneur the House of the Lord;3 ( personnes habitant ensemble) house, household; ( domestiques) household; la maison du roi the royal household; ami de la maison friend of the family; le fils de la maison the son of the family; faire la jeune fille de la maison hum to do the honoursGB; employés or gens de maison domestic staff; c'est une maison de fous! it's a madhouse!;4 ( lignée) family; descendant d'une grande maison descendant of a great family; maison d'Orange House of Orange;5 ( société) firm; il n'est pas de la maison he's not with the firm; avoir 15 ans de maison to have been with the firm for 15 years; maison d'édition/de (haute) couture publishing/fashion house; maison de production production company; la maison Hachette Hachette; maison de confiance reliable company; ‘la maison ne fait pas crédit’ ‘no credit given’; ‘la maison n'accepte pas les chèques’ ‘we do not take chequesGB’; ‘la Maison du livre étranger’ the Foreign Bookshop;6 Astrol house.maison d'arrêt prison (for offenders with sentences under two years); maison de campagne house in the country; maison centrale prison (for offenders with sentences over two years); maison close brothel; maison de commerce (business) firm; maison communale community centreGB; maison de convalescence convalescent home; maison de correction institution for young offenders; maison de la culture ≈ community arts centreGB; maison de gros wholesalers (pl); maison des jeunes et de la culture, MJC ≈ youth club; maison de jeu gaming house; maison de maître manor; maison maternelle home for single mothers; maison mère ( siège) headquarters (pl); ( établissement principal) main branch; maison normande half-timbered house; maison de passe brothel; maison de poupée doll's GB ou doll US house; maison de redressement institution for young offenders; maison religieuse ( couvent) convent; maison de repos rest home; maison de retraite old people's ou retirement home; maison de santé nursing home; maison de tolérance† brothel; la Maison Blanche the White House.c'est gros comme une maison it sticks out a mile; avoir un pied dans la maison to have a foot in the door; c'est la maison du bon Dieu it's open house.[mɛzɔ̃] nom fémininA.a. [généralement] house ou home in the countryb. [rustique] (country) cottagemaison individuelle [non attenante] detached housea. [en bien propre] owner-occupied houseb. [cossue] fine large houseil te drague, c'est gros comme une maison (familier) he's flirting with you, it's as plain as the nose on your facetenir une maison to look after a ou to keep housecet après-midi, je suis à la maison I'm (at) home this afternoona. [locuteur à l'extérieur] go home!b. [locuteur à l'intérieur] come ou get back in!‘tout pour la maison’ ‘household goods’B.1. [famille, groupe] familyvisiblement, vous n'êtes pas de la maison you obviously don't work heretoute la maison est partie pour Noël all the people in the house have ou the whole family has gone away for Christmas2. [personnel] householdla maison civile/militaire the civil/military household3. [dynastie] houseC.‘la maison ne fait pas crédit’ ‘no credit given’‘la maison n'accepte pas les chèques’ ‘no cheques (accepted)’maison de détail/gros retail/wholesale businessmaison de commerce (commercial) firm ou companymaison d'import-export import-export firm ou company ou business2. RELIGIONla maison de Dieu ou du Seigneur the house of God, the Lord's house3. [lieu spécialisé]maison de correction ou de redressement HISTOIRE reformatory (archaïque), remand home (UK), borstal (UK)maison de la culture ≃ arts ou cultural centremaison de jeu gambling ou gaming housemaison des jeunes et de la culture ≃ youth and community centremaison du peuple ≃ trade union and community centrela Maison de la radioParisian headquarters and studios of French public radio, ≃ Broadcasting House (UK)maison de repos rest ou convalescent homemaison de retraite old people's home, retirement homeD.astrologie————————[mɛzɔ̃] adjectif invariable1. [fabrication] home-made2. [employé] in-houseil s'est fait engueuler, quelque chose de maison! he got one hell of a talking-to!maison mère nom fémininAn ambitious project begun by André Malraux in the 1960s to establish cultural centres all over France. Designed to bring high culture to the provinces, these centres encountered much opposition and only eleven survived. -
22 honour
honour [ˊɒnə]1. n1) честь, че́стность; сла́ва;in honour в честь
;on ( или upon) my honour че́стное сло́во
;point of honour вопро́с че́сти
2) че́стность, благоро́дство3) почёт, уваже́ние, почте́ние;to show honour to one's parents уважа́ть свои́х роди́телей
4) pl награ́ды, по́чести; ордена́;military honours во́инские по́чести
;the last ( или funeral) honours после́дние по́чести
your H. ва́ша честь
7) хоро́шая репута́ция, до́брое и́мя8) (же́нская) честь, доброде́тель9) pl унив. отли́чие при сда́че экза́мена;to pass an examination with honours отли́чно сдать экза́мен
10) карт. козырно́й онёр◊honour bright че́стное сло́во
;honours of war почётные усло́вия сда́чи
;to do the honours of the house исполня́ть обя́занности хозя́йки или хозя́ина, принима́ть госте́й
;may I have the honour ( of your company at dinner, etc.) окажи́те мне честь (отобе́дать со мной и т.п.)
2. v1) почита́ть, чтить2) удоста́ивать (with) -
23 honour
1. noun1) честь, слава; in honour в честь; on (или upon) my honour честное слово; point of honour вопрос чести2) хорошая репутация, доброе имя3) честность, благородство4) почет, уважение, почтение; to give (или to pay) honour to smb. оказывать кому-л. уважение, почтение; to show honour to one's parents уважать своих родителей5) (pl.) награды, почести; ордена; military honours воинские почести; the last (или funeral) honours последние почести6) (pl.) univ. отличие при сдаче экзамена; to pass an examination with honours отлично сдать экзамен7) в обращении (преим. к судье): your Honour ваша честь8) кто-л. (что-л.), делающий (ее) честь (школе, семье и т. п.)9) cards козырной онерhonour bright collocation честное словоhonours of war почетные условия сдачиto do the honours of the house исполнять обязанности хозяйки или хозяина, принимать гостейmay I have the honour (of your company at dinner, etc.) окажите мне честь (отобедать со мной и т. п.)Syn:award2. verb1) почитать, чтить2) удостаивать (with)3) платить в срок (по векселю)4) выполнять (обязательства), соблюдать (условия)* * *(n) честь* * ** * *(Brit.) [hon·our || 'ɑnə(r) /'ɒn-] n. честь, честность; благородство, доброе имя, хорошая репутация; женская честь; добродетель; почет, уважение, почтение, слава; почести, награды, ордена; отличие при сдаче экзамена v. уважать, почитать; чествовать, удостаивать; соблюдать, выполнять; акцептировать; оплатить, оплатить чек, платить в срок* * *выполнятьдостоинствопочетуважатьчестьчтить* * *1. сущ. 1) а) слава б) почтение в) мн. награды, почести, в частности ордена, медали, знаки отличия г) мн.; универ. отличие при сдаче экзамена 2) а) честь, незапятнанная репутация, доброе имя, лицо; девичья честь, честь женщины б) благородство в) честь 3) карт. в висте и ряде других игр: старшие козыри (туз, король, дама, валет) 2. гл. 1) а) почитать, уважать, чтить (as) б) финанс. платить в срок по векселю 2) удостаивать (with); оказывать честь 3) обращаться к кому-л. "ваша честь" -
24 pass
I [pɑːs] [AE pæs]1) (to enter, leave) lasciapassare m.; (for journalists) pass m.; (to be absent) permesso m. (anche mil.); (of safe conduct) salvacondotto m., passi m.2) (travel document) abbonamento m., tessera f. d'abbonamento3) scol. univ. promozione f., sufficienza f.to get a pass in physics — superare l'esame di fisica, prendere la sufficienza in fisica
••to come to such a pass that... — giungere a tale punto che...
II [pɑːs] [AE pæs]to make a pass at sb. — provarci con qcn., fare delle avances a qcn
1) (in mountains) passo m., valico m., gola f.2) aer.III 1. [pɑːs] [AE pæs]to make a pass over sth. — sorvolare qcs., fare un volo di ricognizione su qcs
1) (go past) (to far side) passare [checkpoint, customs]; (alongside and beyond) passare davanti, accanto a, superare, oltrepassare [building, area]; [ vehicle] superare, sorpassare [ vehicle]; superare [ level]; superare, andare al di là di [understanding, expectation]to pass sb. in the street — incrociare qcn. per strada
2) (hand over) (directly) passare, porgere; (indirectly) fare passare3) (move) (fare) passare6) (succeed in) [ person] passare, superare [ exam]; [car, machine] superare [ test]7) (declare satisfactory) approvare, promuovere [ candidate]; approvare, accettare [ invoice]to pass sth. (as being) safe — giudicare qcs. come sicuro
8) (vote in) approvare, fare passare [bill, motion]9) (pronounce) pronunciare, emettere [judgment, sentence]10) med.2.to pass blood — avere sangue nelle urine, nelle feci
1) (go past) [person, car] passare, andare oltre2) (move) passareto pass through sth. — passare attraverso qcs., attraversare qcs.
let the remark pass — lascia correre, chiudi un occhio
4) (be transferred) [title, property] passare (in eredità), essere trasmesso; [letter, knowing look] essere scambiato5) sport passare, effettuare un passaggio6) gioc. passareI'm afraid I must pass on that one — fig. (in discussion) temo di dover passare la mano
7) lett. (happen) accadere, succedere8) (in exam) passare, essere promosso9) (be accepted) [person, behaviour] essere accettato•- pass by- pass off- pass on- pass out- pass up••* * *1. verb1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) passare2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) passare, trasmettere3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) oltrepassare, superare4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) sorpassare, superare5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) passare6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) approvare7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) pronunciare8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) passare9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) passare, superare2. noun1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) passo, valico2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) lasciapassare3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) (promozione)4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) passaggio•- passable- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up* * *pass (1) /pɑ:s/n.3 (mil.) lasciapassare; salvacondotto; permesso5 ( di solito free pass) biglietto gratuito ( in ferrovia, a teatr., ecc.); tessera di libero ingresso (o circolazione)6 (tecn.) passata10 ( sport) passaggio; lancio; appoggio; suggerimento; assist; tocco; imbeccata: a pass forward, un passaggio (o un tocco) in avanti; a through pass, un passaggio filtrante14 ( di illusionista, d'ipnotizzatore) il passare le mani davanti a (o sopra: un oggetto, una persona)● (elettron.) pass band, banda passante □ ( università) pass degree, laurea senza gli ► «honours» (► honour) □ pass-fail, promosso o bocciato ( metodo di valutazione scolastica) □ pass key ► passkey □ pass-rate, percentuale dei candidati promossi □ ( sport) to exchange passes, scambiarsi passaggi; palleggiare ( tra due); fraseggiare (fig.) □ (fam.) to make a pass at sb., fare proposte indiscrete (o importune) a q. □ Things have come to a sorry pass, le cose si mettono male; mala tempora currunt (lat.).pass (2) /pɑ:s/n.2 (mil.) passo fortificato; fortezza di confine● (fig.) to hold the pass, tener duro; resistere □ (fig.) to sell the pass, tradire una causa; passare al nemico.♦ (to) pass /pɑ:s/A v. i.1 passare; andare oltre; procedere; finire; trascorrere; terminare; essere approvato; essere ammesso; essere promosso: We passed through several towns, abbiamo attraversato parecchie città; A lot of time has passed, è trascorso molto tempo; My words passed unnoticed, le mie parole sono passate inosservate; The estate passed to his heirs, la proprietà è passata ai suoi eredi; The bill has passed, il disegno di legge è stato approvato NOTA D'USO: - to pass o to pass by?-2 accadere; capitare; succedere5 (autom., ecc.) superare, sorpassare; fare un sorpasso: to pass on the inside, sorpassare all'internoB v. t.1 passare; trascorrere; attraversare; oltrepassare; sorpassare, superare: Pass me the salt, please, passami il sale, per favore; to pass the sea [the frontier], passare il mare [il confine]; to pass the time chatting, passare il tempo a chiacchierare; We have passed their house, abbiamo oltrepassato la loro casa2 approvare; varare ( una legge); ammettere; promuovere; sanzionare: The House of Commons passed the bill, la Camera dei Comuni ha approvato il disegno di legge; He passed eight students out of ten, promosse otto studenti su dieci3 superare; essere approvato in: to pass an exam [a test], superare un esame [una prova]4 far passare; trapassare; passare; trafiggere5 far circolare; mettere in circolazione: They were arrested for passing forged banknotes, sono stati arrestati per aver messo in circolazione banconote false6 (leg.) emettere; dare; dire; pronunciare; irrogare ( una pena): to pass judgement on sb. [for sb.], pronunciare una sentenza contro q. [a favore di q.]; to pass an opinion on st., dare il proprio parere su qc.8 (fam.) affibbiare, appioppare, sbolognare (fam.)10 (autom., ecc.) superare; sorpassare: He passed his rival on the outside, ha sorpassato il concorrente all'esterno● (fig.) to pass the buck, palleggiarsi le responsabilità; fare a scaricabarile □ (fig.) to pass the buck on sb., scaricare la responsabilità sulle spalle di q. □ to pass criticism on st., criticare qc. □ (fin.: di una società) to pass a dividend, non dichiarare (o ritenere) un dividendo □ to pass one's oath, impegnarsi con giuramento; giurare □ to pass a remark, fare un'osservazione; dire la propria □ (eufem.) to pass water, far acqua; orinare □ (eufem.) to pass wind, fare un vento (o un peto) □ to come to pass, succedere; accadere □ (fig.) to have passed the chair, non esser più presidente; aver lasciato la presidenza □ to let st. pass, lasciar correre qc.; lasciar perdere □ It passes belief!, è incredibile!* * *I [pɑːs] [AE pæs]1) (to enter, leave) lasciapassare m.; (for journalists) pass m.; (to be absent) permesso m. (anche mil.); (of safe conduct) salvacondotto m., passi m.2) (travel document) abbonamento m., tessera f. d'abbonamento3) scol. univ. promozione f., sufficienza f.to get a pass in physics — superare l'esame di fisica, prendere la sufficienza in fisica
••to come to such a pass that... — giungere a tale punto che...
II [pɑːs] [AE pæs]to make a pass at sb. — provarci con qcn., fare delle avances a qcn
1) (in mountains) passo m., valico m., gola f.2) aer.III 1. [pɑːs] [AE pæs]to make a pass over sth. — sorvolare qcs., fare un volo di ricognizione su qcs
1) (go past) (to far side) passare [checkpoint, customs]; (alongside and beyond) passare davanti, accanto a, superare, oltrepassare [building, area]; [ vehicle] superare, sorpassare [ vehicle]; superare [ level]; superare, andare al di là di [understanding, expectation]to pass sb. in the street — incrociare qcn. per strada
2) (hand over) (directly) passare, porgere; (indirectly) fare passare3) (move) (fare) passare6) (succeed in) [ person] passare, superare [ exam]; [car, machine] superare [ test]7) (declare satisfactory) approvare, promuovere [ candidate]; approvare, accettare [ invoice]to pass sth. (as being) safe — giudicare qcs. come sicuro
8) (vote in) approvare, fare passare [bill, motion]9) (pronounce) pronunciare, emettere [judgment, sentence]10) med.2.to pass blood — avere sangue nelle urine, nelle feci
1) (go past) [person, car] passare, andare oltre2) (move) passareto pass through sth. — passare attraverso qcs., attraversare qcs.
let the remark pass — lascia correre, chiudi un occhio
4) (be transferred) [title, property] passare (in eredità), essere trasmesso; [letter, knowing look] essere scambiato5) sport passare, effettuare un passaggio6) gioc. passareI'm afraid I must pass on that one — fig. (in discussion) temo di dover passare la mano
7) lett. (happen) accadere, succedere8) (in exam) passare, essere promosso9) (be accepted) [person, behaviour] essere accettato•- pass by- pass off- pass on- pass out- pass up•• -
25 take13
1) take smb., smth. by (in, between, with, etc.) smth. take a child by the hand (him by the sleeve, an axe by the handle, a pen in one's hand, a stick between one's finger and thumb, coal with a pair of tongs, a butterfly with one's fingers, etc.) взять ребенка за руку и т.д.; take a man by the throat схватить /взять/ человека за горло; take a baby in one's arms взять ребенка на руки; he took a girl (me, his son, etc.) in his arms он обнял девушку и т.д.; take the stick between one's knees зажать палку между колен; take one's head between one's hands обхватить голову руками; take the trunk on one's back взвалить сундук себе на спину; take the bit between one's teeth закусить удила; take smth. from (from under, out of, etc.) smth. take a book from the table (a corkscrew from the shelf, etc.) взять книгу со стола и т.д.; take some paper from /out of/ a drawer (the fruit out of a bag, a handkerchief out of /from/ one's pocket, the pins out of one's hair, a cigarette out of the box, one's hands out of one's pockets, etc.) вытаскивать /вынимать/ бумагу из ящика и т.д.: take a box from under a chair вытаскивать ящик из-под стула; the dog took the food from my hand собака ела /брала пищу/ у меня из рук; take your hand off my shoulder (your foot off my toe, etc.) уберите руку с моего плеча и т.д.; can you take the spot out of these pants? можно вывести это пятно с брюк?; it took all the fun out of the game это испортило все удовольствие от игры; take smth. from smb. take a bone from a dog (the knife from the baby, the record from him, etc.) отбирать /отнимать/ кость у собаки и т.д. || take smb. under one's wing взять кого-л. под свое крылышко /под свою защиту/2) || take smb. in marriage жениться на ком-л. или выйти замуж за кого-л.; take a widow in marriage жениться на вдове, взять в жены вдову3) take smb., smth. with smb. take one's son (an assistant, a doctor, some money, a book, an overnight bag, etc.) with one захватить /взять с собой/ своего сына и т.д.; take me with you возьмите меня с собой; take letters with one (one's lunch with one, provisions with one, etc.) взять /захватить/ эти письма с собой и т.д.; take an umbrella with you прихватите [с собой] зонтик; take smth. to some place take the dishes to the kitchen (these letters to the post, the parcel to his house, etc.) относить тарелки на кухню и т.д.; take smth. to smb. take flowers to sick friends (your message to her, a book to your teacher, etc.) относить цветы больным друзьям и т.д.; take the news to him сообщить ему эту новость; take the matter to a lawyer пойти с этим делом к юристу; take smb. to smth. take the children to the cinema (one's wife to the theatre, etc.) сводить детей в кино и т.д.; take a friend to lunch угостить друга завтраком; take a girl to a dance сводить девушку на танцы; take smb. for smth. take a dog for a walk вывести собаку на прогулку4) take smth. from smb., smth. take presents from boy-friends (flowers from them, assistance from the government, etc.) принимать подарки от поклонников и т.д.5) take smth. for smth. take the blame for his failure (for her mistake, etc.) принять на себя вину за его провал и т.д.; take smth. upon oneself he takes a great deal upon himself он очень много на себя берет; take smth. for (of) smth. upon oneself take the responsibility for his safety (the office of president, the duties of a teacher, etc.) upon oneself взять на себя ответственность за его безопасность и т.д.; take it upon oneself to do smth. take it upon oneself to speak to them (to give orders, to say that, to speak to him personally, etc.) взять на себя /согласиться/ поговорить с ними и т.д.; take smth. with smth. take his remark (their advice, a compliment, etc.) with a smile (with a frown, with a laugh, etc.) встречать /реагировать на/ его замечание и т.д. улыбкой и т.д. || take smth. in bad part /in the wrong way/ принимать /истолковывать/ что-л. превратно; take smth. in good part не обижаться на что-л.; take smb. into one's confidence довериться кому-л.; take smb. into the secret доверить /поверить/ кому-л. тайну6) || take smb.'s side /smb.'s part/ in smth. встать на чью-л. сторону в чем-л.; take smb.'s side /smb.'s part/ in an argument /in a controversy/ (in a quarrel, in a fight, etc.) встать на чью-л. сторону в споре и т.д.; take advantage of smth. воспользоваться чем-л.; take advantage of smb.'s offer (of his presence, of her position, etc.) воспользоваться чьим-л. предложением и т.д.; take advantage of smb.'s trust (of her love', etc.) злоупотреблять чьим-л. доверием и т.д.7) take smth. for smth., smb. take a hall for a meeting (this room for my cousin, this suite for my friend, this building for a hospital, etc.) снимать зал для собрания /под собрание/ и т.д.; take smth. in some place take a house in the country (rooms in the suburbs, etc.) снимать дом загородом и т.д.; take smth. for some time take a cottage (a room, a house, etc.) for the summer (for a year, etc.) снимать /арендовать/ дачу и т.д. на лето и т.д.8) take smb. into smth. take your brother into the business взять вашего брата компаньоном в наше дело; take her into service брать ее на службу; take them into our firm принять их [на службу] в нашу фирму9) take smth. in smth. take a job in the city (a job in an office, etc.) наняться на работу в городе и т.д.; take a post in the firm занять какую-л. должность в фирме10) take smth. to (at, in, etc.) some place take a car to the ferry (a freighter to Europe, a train to Boston, etc.) поехать машиной до переправы и т.д.; take a plane to the North полететь самолетом на север; take a train at (in) N сесть на поезд в N11) take smth. for smth. take 25 dollars for the use of his car брать двадцать пять долларов за пользование машиной; will you take a check for the bill? можно уплатить вам по счету чеком?; what will you take for it? сколько вы за это хотите?; the man won't take a cent less for the car он не согласен уступить за машину ни цента12) take smb. on (in, across, over, etc.) smth. the blow took him on the nose (across the face, over the head, in the stomach, etc.) удар пришелся ему по носу и т.д.13) take smth. by smth. take a fortress (a place, a town, etc.) by force (by storm, by a ruse, by a clever manoeveur, etc.) захватить крепость и т.д. силой и т.д. || take smb. by surprise захватить кого-л. врасплох; take smb. in the act поймать /застать/ кого-л. на месте преступления14) take smth. from (off, out of) smth. take two from seven (one number from another, a sum out of one's income, etc.) вычесть два из семи и т.д.; this make-up took ten years off her age благодаря косметике она выглядит на десять лет моложе; they took it out of his pay они удержали это из его зарплаты; take 20 per cent off the price снизить цену на двадцать процентов; take a turn off the programme снять выступление /номер/, исключить выступление /номер/ из программы; take the dead leaves and branches off a plant обобрать сухие листья и ветви с растения; take the lid off the saucepan (a saucepan off the fire, etc.) снимать крышку с кастрюли и т.д.; take smb. off smth. take him off his work отстранять его от работы; take her off the assignment отобрать у нее это поручение; take them off the list вычеркнуть их из списка || take smth., smb. off smb.'s hands избавлять кого-л. от чего-л., кого-л.; I'll take it off your hands at t 10 я куплю это у вас за десять фунтов15) take smth. in smth. take the first prize in a competition (the highest mark in a subject, the first prize in Latin, first class honours in the tripos examination, etc.) получить первый приз на соревнованиях и т.д.; take the first place in a chess tournament занять первое место в шахматном турнире; take smth. at some place take one's degree at Oxford получать степень в Оксфорде; take i 100 at Ascot выиграть сто фунтов на скачках в Аскете16) || take a liking /а fancy/ to smth., smb. проникнуться добрыми чувствами к кому-л., чему-л.; he took a liking to this house (to this village, to a picture, etc.) ему понравился этот дом и т.д.; he took a liking to my sister ему приглянулась моя сестра; take a dislike to smb., smth. невзлюбить кого-л., что-л.; she took a dislike to me я ей не понравился; take an interest in smb., smth. заинтересоваться кем-л., чем-л.; take an interest in politics (in one's work, in one's neighbours, etc.) интересоваться политикой и т.д., проявлять интерес к политике и т.д.17) || take time over smth. не спешить делать что-л.; take one's time over the job не спеша выполнять работу; he took an hour over his dinner он обедал целый час18) take smth. in smth. most nouns take-s in the plural большинство существительных образуют множественное число с помощью '-s'19) take a certain size in smth. take tens in boots (sixes in gloves, etc.) носить десятый размер обуви и т.д.20) take smth. in (at) some place take one's meals in a hotel (at a restaurant, etc.) питаться в гостинице и т.д.; take the waters at a spa лечиться водами на курорте; take smth. with (in) smth. take cream with one's coffee (sugar in one's tea, etc.) пить кофе со сливками и т.д.; take smth. for smth. take an aspirin for a headache (some new medicine for one's liver, pills for insomnia, etc.) принимать аспирин от головной боли и т.д.; take smth. after (before, with) smth. take one tablet after each meal (a spoonful before dinner, a pill with milk, etc.) принимать по одной таблетке после каждой еды и т.д.21) take smth. to (at, for, etc.) smth. take tickets to the theatre (a box at the opera, seats for Hamlet, etc.) брать /покупать/ билеты в театр и т.д.22) take smb. in smth. take smb. in a new dress (in cap and gown, in a swim-suit, etc.) сфотографировать /снять/ кого-л. /, сделать чей-л. снимок/ в новом платье и т.д.; take smth. from smth. take a print from a negative отпечатать фотографию с негатива23) take smb., smth. for smb., smth. take you for someone else (him for an Englishman, the painting for a genuine Rembrandt, everything for truth, etc.) принимать вас за кого-то другого и т.д.; what do you take me for? за кого вы меня принимаете?; do you take me for a fool? вы что, меня дураком считаете?; take smb., smth. at (on) smth. they take the total population of the country at two and a half million они считают /полагают/, что население страны равно двум с половиной миллионам человек; I suppose we must take it at that я полагаю, мы должны поставить на этом точку; I take it on your say-so я соглашаюсь с этим, потому что вы так говорите /доверяю вам/24) take some subject's) in (at) smth. take as many subjects as possible in one's university days в студенческие годы изучать как можно больше дисциплин; she took four courses in her freshman year на первом курсе она изучала четыре предмета; she took French at school французский язык она изучала в школе; take smth. for (as) smth. I shall take this topic for my composition я возьму эту тему для сочинения; he took China as his subject oil выбрал Китай в качестве темы || take smth. in the examination сдавать экзамен по какому-л. предмету; take French in the exam держать экзамен по французскому языку25) take smb. in smth. take children in German давать детям уроки немецкого языка; take him in Latin заниматься с ним по латыни /латынью/26) take smth. during /at/ smth. take notes during /at/ a lecture вести конспект во время лекции, записывать лекцию; take smth. of smth. take notes of all he says (of all that passes, etc.) записывать все, что он говорит и т.д.; take minutes of the proceedings веста протокол заседания; take smth. on (in, by, from) smth. take a broadcast on tape (an film, etc.) записывать передачу на магнитную ленту и т.д.; take the minutes of a meeting in /by/ shorthand стенографировать протокол; take smth. from dictation писать что-л. под диктовку; take a letter from dictation писать письмо под диктовку27) take smth. from smth., smb. take its title from the name of the hero (a name from the place of battle, its name from the inventor, etc.) называться /получить название/ по имени героя и т.д.; take a passage from a book (a whole passage straight from Dickens, a quotation from his novel, etc.) взять отрывок из книги и т.д.; we take our numbers from the Arabs (our letters from the Romans, etc.) наша система цифр идет от /заимствована у/ арабов и т.д.28) take smb. in smth. the cold took me in the chest у меня [от простуды] заложило грудь29) take smth. to smth. take the next turning (road, street, etc.) to the left (to the right) свернуть налево (направо) у следующего поворота и т.д.; take the road to London (to the North, etc.) поехать по дороге [, ведущей] в Лондон и т.д.30) take smb. (in)to (through, across, etc.) some place take the man to the hospital (your friend to the station, the box to the hotel, her into the country, etc.) отправить /отвезти/ человека в больницу и т.д. ; they took him into a small room (into prison, into a cell, etc.) ere отвели или поместили в маленькую комнату и т.д.; the road (this path, the street, etc.) will take you to the river (to the village, through the centre of the town, etc.) эта дорога и т.д. приведет вас к реке и т.д.; the bus will take you into town (to London, etc.) этот автобус привезет /доставит/ вас в город и т.д.; only a tram will take you across the bridge через мост можно проехать только трамваем; take him over the house (the visitors round a museum, etc.) водить его по дому /показывать ему дом/ и т.д.; the work (business, etc.) took us to Paris эта работа и т.д. привела нас в Париж; take smb. into custody взять кого-л. под стражу; take smb. to smb. take a son to his mother отвести сына к матери; take smb. out of smth. take her out of the room выведите ее из комнаты; take him out of my way уберите его с моей дороги; take smth. from (out of, etc.) smth. take the case from court to court передавать дело из одного суда в другой; take the case out of court забрать дело из суда31) take smb. through smth. take the boy through a book (through the first two chapters, through his first job, etc.) помочь мальчику прочесть книгу и т.д.; take smb. through college помочь кому-л. [деньгами] окончить колледж; save enough money to take you through college скопить достаточную сумму [денег], чтобы заплатить за обучение в колледже32) aux || take pride in smth. гордиться чем-л.; take pride in his schoolwork (in one's appearance, in one's house and garden, etc.) гордиться своей работой или своими успехами в школе и т.д.; take credit for smth. приписывать себе /ставить себе в заслугу/ что-л.; he took credit for my work он приписал себе мои достижения; take offence at smth. обижаться /сердиться/ на что-л.; take offence at his remarks /at what he said/ сердиться на его замечания; take part in smth. принимать участие в чем-л.; take part in an enterprise (in the demonstration, in smb.'s sorrows, etc.) принимать участие в предприятии и т.д.; take pity on smb. пожалеть кого-л.; сжалиться над кем-л.; take pity on the poor man (on the losers, on the boy, etc.) пожалеть несчастного человека и т.д.; take notice of smb., smth. обратить внимание на кого-л., что-л.; don't take notice of him не обращайте на него внимания; take charge of smth., smb. принимать на себя ответственность за что-л., кого-л., take charge of the luggage (of the house, of the children, etc.) заняться багажом и т.д.; who is taking charge of the work while you are away? кто руководит работой в ваше отсутствие?; take care of smth., smb. (по)заботиться о чем-л., ком-л.; he will take care of that matter (of the account, etc.) он займется этим вопросом и т.д.; she will take саге of the baby она присмотрит за ребенком; take possession of smth. завладеть чем-л.; take hold of smth., smb. ухватиться за что-л., кого-л.; take hold of the rope (of the rail, of her arm, of the man, etc.) ухватиться за веревку и т.д.; take smb., smth. in hand взять кого-л., что-л. в руки; he took himself firmly in hand он взял себя в руки, он овладел собой; take smth., smb. into consideration /into account/ принимать что-л., кого-л. во внимание; take all these facts (the circumstances, her request, etc.) into consideration /into account/ принять во внимание /учесть/ все эти факты и т.д.; take it into one's head to do smth. (that...) coll. забрать себе в голову сделать что-л. (, что...)33) aux take smth. in (at, after, on, etc.) smth. take a seat in the rear сесть /занять место/ позади /сзади/; take a swing at the ball замахнуться для удара по мячу; take a nap after dinner вздремнуть после обеда; take an oath on smth. поклясться в чем-л. || take a glance round one бросить взгляд вокруг, оглядеться; take leave of smb. попрощаться с кем-л. -
26 Wright, Frank Lloyd
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 8 June 1869 Richland Center, Wisconsin, USAd. 9 April 1959 Phoenix, Arizona, USA[br]American architect who, in an unparalleled career spanning almost seventy years, became the most important figure on the modern architectural scene both in his own country and far further afield.[br]Wright began his career in 1887 working in the Chicago offices of Adler \& Sullivan. He conceived a great admiration for Sullivan, who was then concentrating upon large commercial projects in modern mode, producing functional yet decorative buildings which took all possible advantage of new structural methods. Wright was responsible for many of the domestic commissions.In 1893 Wright left the firm in order to set up practice on his own, thus initiating a career which was to develop into three distinct phases. In the first of these, up until the First World War, he was chiefly designing houses in a concept in which he envisaged "the house as a shelter". These buildings displayed his deeply held opinion that detached houses in country areas should be designed as an integral part of the landscape, a view later to be evidenced strongly in the work of modern Finnish architects. Wright's designs were called "prairie houses" because so many of them were built in the MidWest of America, which Wright described as a "prairie". These were low and spreading, with gently sloping rooflines, very plain and clean lined, built of traditional materials in warm rural colours, blending softly into their settings. Typical was W.W.Willit's house of 1902 in Highland Park, Illinois.In the second phase of his career Wright began to build more extensively in modern materials, utilizing advanced means of construction. A notable example was his remarkable Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, carefully designed and built in 1916–22 (now demolished), with special foundations and structure to withstand (successfully) strong earthquake tremors. He also became interested in the possibilities of reinforced concrete; in 1906 he built his church at Oak Park, Illinois, entirely of this material. In the 1920s, in California, he abandoned his use of traditional materials for house building in favour of precast concrete blocks, which were intended to provide an "organic" continuity between structure and decorative surfacing. In his continued exploration of the possibilities of concrete as a building material, he created the dramatic concept of'Falling Water', a house built in 1935–7 at Bear Run in Pennsylvania in which he projected massive reinforced-concrete terraces cantilevered from a cliff over a waterfall in the woodlands. In the later 1930s an extraordinary run of original concepts came from Wright, then nearing 70 years of age, ranging from his own winter residence and studio, Taliesin West in Arizona, to the administration block for Johnson Wax (1936–9) in Racine, Wisconsin, where the main interior ceiling was supported by Minoan-style, inversely tapered concrete columns rising to spreading circular capitals which contained lighting tubes of Pyrex glass.Frank Lloyd Wright continued to work until four days before his death at the age of 91. One of his most important and certainly controversial commissions was the Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum in New York. This had been proposed in 1943 but was not finally built until 1956–9; in this striking design the museum's exhibition areas are ranged along a gradually mounting spiral ramp lit effectively from above. Controversy stemmed from the unusual and original design of exterior banding and interior descending spiral for wall-display of paintings: some critics strongly approved, while others, equally strongly, did not.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Royal Gold Medal 1941.Bibliography1945, An Autobiography, Faber \& Faber.Further ReadingE.Kaufmann (ed.), 1957, Frank Lloyd Wright: an American Architect, New York: Horizon Press.H.Russell Hitchcock, 1973, In the Nature of Materials, New York: Da Capo.T.A.Heinz, 1982, Frank Lloyd Wright, New York: St Martin's.DY -
27 honour
I[΄ɔnə] n պատիվ. հարգանք. a point of honour պատվի հարց. a matter/a debt of honour պատվի պարտք/պարտականություն. in honour of ի պատիվ. a man of honour պատվի մարդ. the seat of honour պատվավոր տեղ. roll of honour պատվավոր ցու ցակ. It does you honour Դա ձեզ պատիվ է բերում. Your honour Մեծարգո դատավոր. give/pay honour հարգանք ցույց տալ/մատուցել. do the honour պա տիվ բերել. hold it an honour պատիվ հա մարել. honour among thieves գողական պատիվ. (up) on my honour, word of honour ազնիվ խոսք. honours պատիվներ. military honours զինվորական պ ա տիվներ. do the honours (of the house) տան տիրոջ պարտականությունները կատարել. հյուր ընդունել/զբաղեցնել. (կոչում, տիտ ղոս) your honour ձերդ արժանապատվություն be an honour to one’s country/family պատիվ բերել իր երկրին/ընտանիքինII[΄ɔnə] v հարգել, պատիվ տալ. մեծա րել. արժանացնել. honour one’s parents/smb’s memory հարգել ծնողներին/մեկի հիշատակը. be honoured շոյված լինել. (կատարել) honour one’s com mitments/promise պարտականությունները/խոստումը կատարել. honour a bill/cheque հաշիվը/չեկը վճարել/փակել. honoured պա տ վավոր, պատվելի -
28 go
{gou}
I. 1. отивам, ходя
2. вървя, ходя, минавам
who GOes there? кой e там? кой e? to GO the sbortest way минавам по/вземам най-краткия път
3. движа се, вървя, в движение съм, работя, в действие съм (за механизъм)
бия (за cъpце), в обръщение съм (за пари)
to set GOing пускам в действие, задвижвам
to keep GOing поддържам в действие, вървя си, продължавам
to keep the conversation/fire GOing поддържам разговора/огъня
to keep someone GOing in/with something поддържам/постоянно снабдявам някого с нещо, не оставям някого да му липсва нещо
4. вървя, минавам, напредвам, развивам се, (пре) успявам
how GOes it? how are things GOing? разг. как си? как е (работата)? if all GOes well (with us) ако всичко върви добре, ако не ни се случи нещо (лошо)
the case went for/against him делото бете решено в негова полза/вреда
5. отивам си, вървя си, тръгвам, (за) почвам
we mist GO/be GOing now трябва да си вървим/да тръгваме
they are all gone всички си отидоха
GO! сп. тръгвай! (при стартиране)
be gone! ост. отивай си! махай се! Here GOes! хайде! почваме! there you GO again! пак започна! from tile word GO от самото начало
6. изчезвам, изгубвам се, прен. отивам, свършвам се, изчерпвам се, пропадам, загивам, бивам махнат/отстранен/уволнен
it has/is all gone всичко се свърши, нищо няма вече
all hope is gone изчезна/пропадна всяка надежда
that's the way the money GOes сто как отиват парите
that clause will have to GO тази клауза трябва да се махне
I wish the pain would GO да можеше да престане болката
the car was the first luxury to GO колата беше първият лукс, от който се лишиха
7. пропадам, срутвам се, счупвам се, рухвам, скъсвам се, продънвам се, фалирам
8. минавам (за време)
he has still two months to GO остават му още два месеца
9. звъня, бия, удрям
10. навършвам (години)
be is/has gone forty има/навършил e вече четиридесет (години)
11. вървя, минавам, водя (за път и пр.), простирам се (за планини и пр.), стигам
12. Ставам достатъчио дълъг/голям съм, побирам се, влизам, деля се
the belt won't GO round her waist коланът не става
the plank just GOes across the brook дъската тъкмо стига да се прекоси потокът
делено на - 2 into 6 GOes 3 times - 6 делено на 2 е 3
13. стои, слага се
these books GO on the top shelf тези книги стоят/се слагат на най-горната полица
14. продавам се, харча се, вървя
to be GOing cheap продава се eвтино
that's not dear as things GO това не e скъпо за днешните цени
GOing! GOing! gone! продава се! продава се! продадено! (при търг. придружено от три удара на чукчето)
15. вървя, приемам се, валиден съм, минавам
everything GOes here всичко минава/се приема тук
do British pounds GO here? тук вървят ли английски лири
16. глася, съм (за текст, мелодия и пр.)
this is how the tune GOes ето как e мелодията
17. бивам даден/оставен/завещан, падам се (някому), ставам притежание (to)
victory always GOes to the strong победата винаги e на силния
honours do not always GO to the most deserving невинаги най-достойният получава почестите
18. допринасям, служа, необходим съм
qualities that GO to make a great man качества, необходими, за да бъде човек велик
19. само в pres р има, намира се, дава се, предлага се, сервира се
there is a cold supper GOing downstairs долу има/се сервира студена вечеря
if you hear of any jobs GOing ако чуеш, че има някъде работа
20. съм, ходя, намирам се, живея (в някакво обичайно състояние)
to GO in fear of one's life живея с постоянен страх за живота си
to GO with young бременна съм (за животно)
21. последван от прил. или израз ставам
to GO blind ослепявам
to GO into a faint/a swoon припадам
II. 1. движение
on the GO в движение
2. енергия, предприемчивост, замах, въодушевление, прен. пълна пара
to be full of GO, to have plenty of GO енергичен съм, имам замах
3. опит, удар, замах
to have a GO at something опитвам се да направя нещо
let's have a GO! дай да опитаме! at one GO на един път, с един удар, наведнъж
first GO още от първия опит/път
4. чаша питие
two more GOes of whiskey още две чаши уиски
5. пристъп (но болест) 6. неочакван/неприятен обрат/положение/случка
here's a rum/pretty GO стана тя, каквато стана
that was a near GO едва отървахме кожата
it was a capital GO чудесно стана така
7. сделка, споразумение
is it a GO? съгласен ли си? it is a GO дадено
it's no GO безсмислено/невъзможно e, тая няма да я бъде
high heels are all the GO високите токове ca последна мода/много модерни
the great/the little GO последният/първият изпит за бакалавърска степен в Кеймбридж
to make a GO of сполучвам, успявам, потръгва ми (в брак, предприятие, начинание и пр.)
III. 1. в изправност, изправен
2. моден
3. напредничав
IV. n вид японска игра* * *{gou} v (went {went}; gone {gъn}) 1. отивам, ходя; 2. вървя, хието; 2) подхожда(2) {gou} n (pl goes {gouz}) разг. 1. движение; on the go в движе{3} {gou} а 1. в изправност; изправен; 2. моден; 3. напредничав.{4} {gou} n вид японска игра.* * *ходя; тръгвам; отивам; пристъп; вървя; протичам; движа; движение; замах; енергия; залагам;* * *1. 1 Ставам достатъчио дълъг/голям съм, побирам се, влизам, деля се 2. 1 бивам даден/оставен/завещан, падам се (някому), ставам притежание (to) 3. 1 вървя, минавам, водя (за път и пр.), простирам се (за планини и пр.), стигам 4. 1 вървя, приемам се, валиден съм, минавам 5. 1 глася, съм (за текст, мелодия и пр.) 6. 1 допринасям, служа, необходим съм 7. 1 продавам се, харча се, вървя 8. 1 само в pres р има, намира се, дава се, предлага се, сервира се 9. 1 стои, слага се 10. 2 into 6 goes 3 times 6 делено на 2 е 3 11. 2 последван от прил. или израз ставам 12. 20. съм, ходя, намирам се, живея (в някакво обичайно състояние) 13. all hope is gone изчезна/пропадна всяка надежда 14. be gone! ост. отивай си! махай се! here goes! хайде! почваме! there you go again! пак започна! from tile word go от самото начало 15. be is/has gone forty има/навършил e вече четиридесет (години) 16. do british pounds go here? тук вървят ли английски лири 17. everything goes here всичко минава/се приема тук 18. first go още от първия опит/път 19. go! сп. тръгвай! (при стартиране) 20. going! going! gone! продава се! продава се! продадено! (при търг. придружено от три удара на чукчето) 21. he has still two months to go остават му още два месеца 22. here's a rum/pretty go стана тя, каквато стана 23. high heels are all the go високите токове ca последна мода/много модерни 24. honours do not always go to the most deserving невинаги най-достойният получава почестите 25. how goes it? how are things going? разг. как си? как е (работата)? if all goes well (with us) ако всичко върви добре, ако не ни се случи нещо (лошо) 26. i wish the pain would go да можеше да престане болката 27. i. отивам, ходя 28. if you hear of any jobs going ако чуеш, че има някъде работа 29. ii. движение 30. iii. в изправност, изправен 31. is it a go? съгласен ли си? it is a go дадено 32. it has/is all gone всичко се свърши, нищо няма вече 33. it was a capital go чудесно стана така 34. it's no go безсмислено/невъзможно e, тая няма да я бъде 35. iv. n вид японска игра 36. let's have a go! дай да опитаме! at one go на един път, с един удар, наведнъж 37. on the go в движение 38. qualities that go to make a great man качества, необходими, за да бъде човек велик 39. that clause will have to go тази клауза трябва да се махне 40. that was a near go едва отървахме кожата 41. that's not dear as things go това не e скъпо за днешните цени 42. that's the way the money goes сто как отиват парите 43. the belt won't go round her waist коланът не става 44. the car was the first luxury to go колата беше първият лукс, от който се лишиха 45. the case went for/against him делото бете решено в негова полза/вреда 46. the great/the little go последният/първият изпит за бакалавърска степен в Кеймбридж 47. the plank just goes across the brook дъската тъкмо стига да се прекоси потокът 48. there is a cold supper going downstairs долу има/се сервира студена вечеря 49. these books go on the top shelf тези книги стоят/се слагат на най-горната полица 50. they are all gone всички си отидоха 51. this is how the tune goes ето как e мелодията 52. to be full of go, to have plenty of go енергичен съм, имам замах 53. to be going cheap продава се eвтино 54. to go blind ослепявам 55. to go in fear of one's life живея с постоянен страх за живота си 56. to go into a faint/a swoon припадам 57. to go with young бременна съм (за животно) 58. to have a go at something опитвам се да направя нещо 59. to keep going поддържам в действие, вървя си, продължавам 60. to keep someone going in/with something поддържам/постоянно снабдявам някого с нещо, не оставям някого да му липсва нещо 61. to keep the conversation/fire going поддържам разговора/огъня 62. to make a go of сполучвам, успявам, потръгва ми (в брак, предприятие, начинание и пр.) 63. to set going пускам в действие, задвижвам 64. two more goes of whiskey още две чаши уиски 65. victory always goes to the strong победата винаги e на силния 66. we mist go/be going now трябва да си вървим/да тръгваме 67. who goes there? кой e там? кой e? to go the sbortest way минавам по/вземам най-краткия път 68. бия (за cъpце), в обръщение съм (за пари) 69. вървя, минавам, напредвам, развивам се, (пре) успявам 70. вървя, ходя, минавам 71. движа се, вървя, в движение съм, работя, в действие съм (за механизъм) 72. енергия, предприемчивост, замах, въодушевление, прен. пълна пара 73. звъня, бия, удрям 74. изчезвам, изгубвам се, прен. отивам, свършвам се, изчерпвам се, пропадам, загивам, бивам махнат/отстранен/уволнен 75. минавам (за време) 76. моден 77. навършвам (години) 78. напредничав 79. опит, удар, замах 80. отивам си, вървя си, тръгвам, (за) почвам 81. пристъп (но болест) неочакван/неприятен обрат/положение/случка 82. пропадам, срутвам се, счупвам се, рухвам, скъсвам се, продънвам се, фалирам 83. сделка, споразумение 84. чаша питие* * *go [gou] I. v ( went [went]; gone[gɔn]) 1. отивам; ходя; минавам, вървя, пътешествам; I'll \go and see him in the morning ще отида да го видя утре сутринта; to \go to school ( the theatre, a concert, work) отивам (ходя) на училище (театър, концерт, работа); to \go by train ( bus, plane) отивам (пътувам) с влак (автобус, самолет); to \go on a journey пътувам; to \go places излизам, ходя (на кино и пр.); to \go the shortest way поемам най-краткия път; 2. движа се, в движение съм; работя, в действие съм (за механизъм); бие (за сърце); в обращение е (за пари); the clock won't \go часовникът не работи; how is your car \going? как е колата ти? to \go (at) fifty miles an hour движа се с петдесет мили в час; to set \going задвижвам; to keep \going поддържам в действие; вървя си, продължавам; to keep s.o. \going in ( with) s.th. поддържам (постоянно снабдявам) някого с нещо, не оставям да му липсва нещо; to be \going strong цъфтя, не ми личат годините; 3. вървя, минавам, напредвам, развивам се; (пре)успявам; how \goes it? how are things \going? разг. как си? как вървят работите? it is sure to \go не може да не успее (да не излезе добре), непременно ще успее; he will \go far ( a long way) той ще преуспее, ще стигне далеч; if all \goes well with us ако всичко върви добре, ако не ни се случи нещо (лошо); the case went for ( against) him делото беше решено в негова полза (вреда); to \go ( over) big sl имам голям успех; 4. отивам си, вървя си, тръгвам; (за)почвам; we must \go (be \going) now трябва да си вървим (да тръгваме); they are all \gone всички си отидоха; \go! сп. тръгвай! (при стартиране); be \gone! ост. отивай си, махай се! here \goes! хайде! почваме! \go again! пак захвана! from the word \go от самото начало; 5. изчезвам, изгубвам се, прен. отивам; свършвам се, изчерпвам се; пропадам, загивам; бивам махнат (отстранен, уволнен); the battery has \gone акумулаторът се е изтощил; his hearing ( sight) is \going слухът (зрението) му отслабна; my umbrella is \gone чадърът ми изчезна (я няма); he is \gone пропадна, загина; it has (is) all \gone всичко се свърши, нищо няма вече; all his money \goes on charity всичките му пари отиват за благотворителност; that clause will have to \go тази клауза трябва да се махне; the car was the first luxury to \go колата беше първият лукс, от който се лишиха; drink must \go трябва да оставиш пиенето, пиенето трябва да престане; to \go the way of all things ( flesh) (разг. to \go west) пропадам, умирам; няма го; 6. пропадам, срутвам се, рухвам; скъсвам се; продънвам се; търпя крах; фалирам; in the flood the fence went in three places от наводнението оградата се срути на три места; 7. минава (за време); he has still two weeks to \go остават му още две седмици; 8. звъни, бие, удря; it has just \gone 12 току-що удари (би) 12; how \goes the time? разг. колко е часът? 9. навършвам ( години); she is ( has) \gone fifty тя има вече петдесет (години); 10. развалям се, повреждам се; счупвам се; the clutch on this car has \gone съединителят на тази кола се е повредил; 11. вървя, минавам; водя, стигам, простирам се; the road \goes to the city пътят води до центъра на града; the differences \go deep различията са дълбоки; 12. става, достатъчно дълъг (голям) е; побира се, минава; влиза, дели се; the plank just \goes across the brook дъската тъкмо стига да се прекоси потокът; 8 \goes into 24 three times 24, делено на 8, е три; 13. стои, слага се; these spoons \go in that drawer тези лъжици стоят (се държат) в онова чекмедже; 14. водя се, слагам, спазвам (by); a good rule to \go by добро правило, по което да се водиш (което да следваш); 15. продава се, харчи се, търси се, върви; в обращение е; these bags are \going well тези чанти вървят (се продават добре); that's not expensive as things \go това не е скъпо за днешните цени; the picture went for 200 pounds картината се продаде за 200 лири; \going! \going! \gone! продава се! продава се! продадено! (при търг, придружено от три удара на чукчето); 16. правя (някакво движение, гримаса, шум и пр.); to \go bang разг. трясва, избухва, експлодира; to \go crack разг. пуква, прасва; to \go flop разг. провалям се; to \go smash into s.th. трясвам се в нещо; to \go see-saw люшкам се, неустойчив съм, колебая се; 17. гласи, казва, е (за текст, мелодия и пр.); this is how the tune \goes ето как е мелодията; as the saying \goes както се казва; the story \goes that she has a rich uncle разправят, че тя има богат чичо; 18. бива даден (оставен, завещан), пада се (to); the house went to his son къщата стана собственост на сина му; victory always \goes to the strong победата е винаги на силния; 19. допринася, служи; необходим е; qualities that \go to make a great man качества, необходими за един велик човек; that \goes to make life happier това допринася да стане животът по-щастлив, това прави живота по-щастлив; 20. само в pres p има, намира се, дава се; предлага се, сервира се; there is a cold supper \going downstairs долу има (се сервира) студена вечеря; 21. съм, ходя, намирам се, живея (в някакво обичайно състояние); he \goes bi the name of John наричат го Джон; 22. последван от прилагателно или израз ставам; to \gomad ( crazy) полудявам; to \go bad разваля се (за храна и пр.); to \go ape ( over) подлудявам, лудвам, откачам, луд съм (по); to \go bankrupt банкрутирам, фалирам; to \go cold all over цял изстивам (изтръпвам); to \go into a faint ( a swoon) припадам; to \go to pieces рухвам (и прен.); to \go to ruin разрушавам се, рухвам; to \go to the bad пропадам морално; 23. само в progr forms изразява: 1) близко бъдеще; do you think it's \going to rain? мислиш ли, че ще вали? 2) намерение; are you \going to tell him or not? имаш ли намерение да му казваш или не? 3) решителност; I'm not \going to be deceived няма да позволя да ме (из)мамят; 24. c ger: 1) ходя, отивам да, вземам да (изразява неудоволствие от някаква постъпка или навик); don't \go telling me lies да не вземеш да ме лъжеш; 2) ходя (на ски, лов и пр.); to \go shopping ( swimming) отивам да пазарувам (плувам); to \go begging тръгвам (отивам) на просия, прен. не се харчи (търси), никой го не ще; 25. c and и друг глагол вземам, та ( неодобр.); she went and got married тя взе, та се ожени; 26. карти залагам; обявявам; to \go the limit прен. прекалявам го, отивам много далеч; to \go the whole hog прен. отивам докрай; to \go one better надминавам ( than); превъзхождам; изпреварвам; отивам по-далеч; • to \go flop sl претърпявам поражение, провалям се, не успявам; to \go all out sl напрягам всички сили; to \go it sl отдавам се на живот, живея си; to \go it alone ам. действам сам срещу всички; поемам цялата отговорност; to \go at it bald-headed действам енергично, решително; \go it! разг. хайде де, покажи какво можеш! to \go a long way има голямо значение (влияние); трае дълго; свършва много работа; to be \going some sl напредвам бързо; to \go o.'s own gait вървя по собствения си път, действам самостоятелно; tо let \go (от)пускам; to let o.s. \go отпускам се; to let o.s. \go on a subject разпростирам се (говоря надълго и нашироко) по даден въпрос; to \go west разг. умирам, отивам на онзи свят; well, let it \go at that хайде, нека мине; така да бъде; от мен да мине; \go fly a kite ( jump in the lake, lay an egg, lay a brick) грубо я не се бъркай! изчезвай! върви по дяволите! you can \go hang може да вървиш по дяволите; just \go and try! само се опитай! ( заканително); \go to bye-bye! дет. върви да спинкаш (нанкаш)! \go while the \going is good върви си, докато е време (по живо по здраво); as far as it \goes такъв, какъвто е, докъдето стига; there he ( she) \goes ето го (я), полюбувай му (ѝ) се (изразява учудване или неодобрение); it \goes without saying от само себе си се разбира, не ще и дума; what he says \goes каквото той каже, това става; той заповядва (командва); where do we \go from here? какво ще правим после? а, сега накъде? II. n разг. (pl goes [gouz]) 1. движение; ход; on the \go в движение; 2. енергия, въодушевление, стръв, предприемчивост, замах; to be full of \go, to have plenty of \go пълен съм с енергия; 3. опит, удар, замах; to have a \go at s.th. опитвам се да направя нещо; let's have a \go! дай да опитаме! at one \go на един път, с един удар; first \go още от първия път; 4. порция (чаша) питие; глътка; 5. пристъп, припадък (на болест); 6. непредвидено положение (случка); неочакван обрат; it was a near \go едва отървахме кожата; 7. успех, успешно предприятие; to make a \go of успявам в, правя да преуспее; • to be on the \go 1) готвя се да си ходя (да си вървя, да тръгвам); 2) на крак съм; в движение съм, зает съм; върша нещо; 3) sl пийнал съм; ( it's) no \go нищо не става, не върви, безсмислено е; безнадеждно е; it's a \go става, решено е, договорихме се; quite the \go последен вик на модата, нещо по което всички се увличат; the little \go първият изпит за бакалавърска степен при хуманитарните науки (в Кембридж); it's your \go твой ред е; it's all \go разг. претрупан съм с работа, много съм зает; to give s.o. (s.th.) the \go-by sl пренебрегвам, игнорирам някого (нещо). -
29 Stephenson, George
[br]b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England[br]English engineer, "the father of railways".[br]George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.Bibliography1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).PJGR -
30 pass
I1. [pɑ:s] nI1. 1) проход; путьthe guide showed us the pass through the wood - проводник показал нам путь через лес
2) путь, подход, ключ (к чему-л.)3) каналthe government's power to shut and open the passes of trade - полномочия правительства открывать и закрывать каналы торговли
2. проход, узкая улица, переулок; проулок3. ущелье, дефиле, перевал, седловинаthe Pass of Thermopylae - ист. Фермопильское ущелье
the height of the pass is... - высота перевала...
4. 1) воен. стратегическое укрепление, высотаthey defended the pass of the bridge - они обороняли предмостное укрепление
2) форт, крепость в горах5. 1) фарватер, пролив, судоходное русло; судоходный канал2) рыбоход3) редк. брод, переезд ( на реке)6. горн. проход, пропускное отверстие; скат, ходок для людей7. метал. калибр или ручей валка8. горн. топографическая съёмка9. ав.1) неточно рассчитанный заход на посадку2) прохождение, пролёт ( самолёта)close pass - пролёт на небольшом расстоянии, близкий пролёт
II1. переход ( из одного состояния в другое)pass of heat - теплопередача, переход тепла
2. смерть3. карт. пас♢
a pass in review - воен. прохождение торжественным маршем
to gain /to hold, to keep/ the pass - защищать своё дело
to sell the pass - книжн. предать своих сторонников, своё дело и т. п.
2. [pɑ:s] vI1. идти; проходить; проезжатьto see smb. pass - видеть, как кто-то проходит
to pass into [out of] the room - пройти в комнату [выйти из комнаты]
please let me pass - пожалуйста, дайте мне пройти
we passed through the town without stopping - мы проехали через город не останавливаясь
the road passes close to the village - дорога проходит недалеко от деревни
2. 1) проходить мимо, миноватьto pass smb. in the street - встретить кого-л. на улице
did you pass him on the road? - вы не встретили его по дороге?
he has passed the fifty mark - разг. ему перевалило за пятьдесят
2) обгонять (о машине, водителе)3) пройти (мимо), пропустить, прозеватьto pass the stop - пропустить /прозевать/ остановку
3. 1) не обратить внимания, пренебречь (тж. pass by)his rude remark passed without rebuke - его грубое замечание не встретило отпора
I can't pass the matter by without making a protest - я не могу не выразить протеста по этому поводу
2) пройти незамеченным, сойти (тж. pass unheeded, unnoticed или unobserved)the statement was allowed to pass unchallenged - никто не выступал против его заявления; никто ему не возражал
4. 1) проходить (через что-л.), переезжать; пересекать, переправлятьсяto pass an ocean [a desert, a frontier, a range of hills] - пересекать океан [пустыню, границу, горный хребет]
2) перевозить, проводить (через что-л.)the barks passed horses and munitions - на барках перевозили лошадей и снаряжение
a canal sufficient to pass boats of 25 tons - канал, через который могут пройти суда водоизмещением в 25 тонн
3) просовыватьto pass one's hand between iron bars - просунуть руку между железными прутьями
5. 1) передавать (тж. pass over)pass me the butter, please - пожалуйста, передайте мне масло
read the book and pass it to my brother - прочтите книгу и передайте её моему брату
they passed buckets of water from hand to hand - они передавали вёдра с водой из рук в руки
pass the word to reduce the weight of the load - скажите, чтобы уменьшили вес груза
2) спорт. передавать, пасовать3) карт. пасовать, объявлять пас6. 1) (to, into) переходитьto pass to the next item on the agenda - переходить к следующему пункту повестки дня
to pass to smb. - переходить к кому-л.
the manuscript passed into the hands of a specialist - рукопись попала в руки специалиста
to pass to the reserve - воен. переходить в запас
to pass from joy to tears - то радоваться /веселиться/, то плакать
in descending the mountain we passed from snow to rain - спускаясь с горы, мы попали из снега в дождь
hey pass! - иди! (восклицание фокусника, когда вещь якобы должна перейти в другое место)
2) превращаться, переходить из одного состояния в другоеa substance passes from a solid to a liquid state - вещество переходит из твёрдого состояния в жидкое
when water boils it passes into steam - когда вода кипит, она превращается в пар
3) переходить или передаваться по наследству (тж. pass over)his title passed to his eldest son - его титул был унаследован старшим сыном
7. идти, проходить, протекать ( о времени)we have passed the early stage of our work - первый этап нашей работы уже завершён
8. (про)мелькнуть, появитьсяa change passed over his face /countenance/ - он переменился в лице
9. пройти; исчезнуть; прекратиться (тж. pass off)all things must pass - всё преходяще; всё проходит
10. подходить, годитьсяthis part of your article will pass - эта часть вашей статьи пройдёт /годится/
11. происходить, случаться, иметь местоdid you see [hear] what was passing? - вы видели [слышали], что случилось?
12. выхолить за пределы; быть вышеto pass the £1,000 mark - превысить 1000 фунтов
it passes belief /comprehension/ - этому нельзя поверить; это невероятно
he did not pass the limit of his faculties - он не вышел за рамки своих возможностей
the grief that passes show - горе, которое нельзя выразить словами
13. ответить на (какое-л.) действие тем же действием, обменяться (приветствиями, взглядами и т. п.)to pass offices - обменяться услугами /любезностями/
the articles passing between the two countries - товары, которыми обмениваются эти две страны
words passed between them - они поссорились /поругались/
the correspondence that has passed between us - переписка, в которой мы состояли
tell me everything that passed between you - расскажите мне подробно, что произошло между вами
II А1. проводить (время, день и т. п.; тж. pass away)what can we do to pass the time? - как (бы) нам провести время?
2. проводить (щёткой, рукой и т. п.)to pass a hand over one's eye [across one's forehead, through one's hair] - провести рукой по глазам [по лбу, по волосам]
to pass a wet sponge over smth. - а) провести мокрой губкой по чему-л.; б) стереть память о чём-л.; забыть что-л.
he passed a wet sponge over his early life - он постарался забыть /перечеркнуть/ свою прошлую жизнь
3. удовлетворять (требованиям, нормам и т. п.)4. 1) пройти ( испытание)2) выдержать, сдать ( экзамен)to pass exams with distinction /honours/ - сдать экзамены с отличием
to pass master - получить звание магистра, главы колледжа и т. п.
3) ставить ( зачёт); пропустить ( экзаменующегося)don't be afraid, we shall pass you - не бойтесь, мы вам поставим зачёт
5. 1) пройти (цензуру, досмотр и т. п.)2) пропустить (через цензуру и т. п.)he had passed for the press all the sheets of the book - он подписал к печати все листы книги
6. 1) утверждать (план, расход и т. п.)2) принимать (решение, резолюцию, закон и т. п.)to pass a bill [a resolution] - принимать закон [резолюцию]
the majority will pass the bill - законопроект пройдёт большинством голосов
the village was passed to be a township by the Council - совет принял решение считать эту деревню городом
3) быть принятым, получить одобрение (о законе и т. п.)the bill passed the House of Commons - палата общин утвердила законопроект
7. 1) выносить (приговор, решение)to pass sentence upon smb. - вынести приговор кому-л.
the court passed sentence on him today - суд сегодня вынес приговор по его делу
2) быть вынесеннымto pass an opinion on /upon/ smth. - высказать мнение по поводу чего-л.
I can't pass an opinion on your work without examining it thoroughly - я не могу высказать своего мнения о вашей работе, не прочитав её внимательно
to pass censure /criticism, a remark, a comment/ upon smb., smth. - критиковать кого-л., что-л., сделать замечание кому-л., по поводу чего-л.
9. 1) пускать в обращение (деньги, обыкн. фальшивые)he was arrested for passing forged notes - его арестовали за то, что он распространял фальшивые деньги
2) быть в обращении, иметь хождение ( о деньгах)a Bank of England note used to pass anywhere - раньше банкнота Английского банка имела хождение везде
10. (from)1) отходить, уклоняться (от принципов, курса и т. п.)to pass from a course [principle] - отклониться от своего пути /от курса/ [от своих принципов]
2) умереть, отойтиthere has passed from among us a man who held a high position in English literature - от нас ушёл человек, произведения которого занимают значительное место в английской литературе
11. (through) испытывать (лишения, трудности)12. (for) сойти (за кого-л.); слыть (кем-л.)he was forty but he might have passed for younger - ему было сорок, но можно было дать меньше
in this small town he passed for a man of considerable means - в этом маленьком городке он слыл зажиточным человеком
to pass a rope /a cord/ round a pack - обвязать тюк верёвкой
they passed a rope round the calf's hind legs - они связали верёвкой задние ноги телёнка
14. амер. открывать ( ключом)all these doors should be passed with one key - все эти двери должны открываться одним ключом
15. пронзить, проткнуть (кинжалом, шпагой)he passed his sword through his enemy's body - он пронзил своим мечом тело врага
16. делать выпад, нападать ( фехтование)17. спорт. брать ( препятствие)to pass a hurdle - взять /пройти/ барьер
18. делать пассы ( в фокусах)19. юр. изготовить, оформить ( документ)20. плутовать ( в картах)21. мед.1) иметь ( стул)2) испускать ( мочу)to pass urine /water/ - мочиться
22. не объявить выплату ( регулярного дивиденда)to pass a dividend - амер. не назначить дивиденда
concerns which not only passed dividends but went bankrupt - концерны, которые не только не выплатили дивиденды, но и обанкротились
23. выдавать себя за белого (о мулате, квартероне и т. п.); скрывать своё негритянское происхождение♢
to pass by the name of... - быть известным под именем..., называться...
to pass one's word /pledge/ - давать слово /клятву, обещание/
to pass one's word for smb., smth. - поручиться за кого-л., что-л.
no food has passed my lips since the morning - у меня во рту маковой росинки с утра не было
to pass current - а) иметь денежную стоимость; б) быть обычным, общепринятым; в) распространяться как слух
to pass on the torch - передавать знания /традиции/
to pass the time of day - уст. поздороваться
to pass (a) good morning /the compliments of the day/ - уст. пожелать доброго утра, поздороваться
to pass in the checks - сл. умереть
II [pɑ:s] nto pass the buck - амер. сл. свалить ответственность (на кого-л.)
I1. сдача экзамена без отличия2. 1) посредственная оценка; проходной балл, зачёт2) оценка «посредственно» ( 3 балла в фигурном катании)II тк. sing(трудное, критическое) положение или состояниеto bring to pass - совершать; осуществлять
to bring things to a desperate pass - довести до крайности /до бедственного положения/
to come to pass - происходить, случаться
that things should have come to this pass! - как можно было довести это до такого состояния!
things have come to a strange [serious] pass - дела приняли странный [серьёзный] оборот
III1. пасс, движение рук (гипнотизёра, фокусника)2. фокусto perform a pass - сделать /показать/ фокус
3. уст. остроумная выходка, выпад4. спорт. передача; пасflip pass - «подброшенная» передача
to make a pass - а) передавать (мяч), делать передачу; б) нанести удар рапирой
5. выпад ( фехтование)♢
II [pɑ:s] nto make a pass at smb. - а) делать выпад против кого-л.; б) пытаться ухаживать ( за женщиной)
1. 1) пропуск, паспортsecurity pass - пропуск, выданный службой безопасности
he got his pass and health certificate - он получил свой паспорт и справку о состоянии здоровья
2) парольto sell the pass - а) продать пароль ( неприятелю); б) выдать тайну, стать предателем
2. воен.1) разрешение не присутствовать на поверке; отпускной билет; увольнительная2) амер. краткосрочный отпускa soldier on a pass - солдат, имеющий краткосрочный отпуск
3. бесплатный билет; контрамаркаIV [pæs] сокр. от passengerto grant smb. a free pass on the railway - выдать кому-л. бесплатный железнодорожный билет
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31 top
I 1. noun1) (highest part) Spitze, die; (of table) Platte, die; (of bench seat) Sitzfläche, die; (top floor) oberstes Stockwerk; (flat roof, roof garden) Dach, das; (rim of glass, bottle, etc.) Rand, der; (top end) oberes Ende; (of tree) Spitze, die; Wipfel, dera cake with a cherry on top — ein Kuchen mit einer Kirsche [oben]drauf
at the top of the building/hill/pile/stairs — oben im Gebäude/[oben] auf dem Hügel/[oben] auf dem Stapel/oben an der Treppe
be at/get to or reach the top [of the ladder or tree] — (fig.) auf der obersten Sprosse [der Leiter] stehen/die oberste Sprosse [der Leiter] erreichen (fig.)
be/get on top of a situation/subject — eine Situation/eine Materie im Griff haben/in den Griff bekommen
don't let it get on top of you — (fig.) lass dich davon nicht unterkriegen! (ugs.)
he put it on [the] top of the pile — er legte es [oben] auf den Stapel
on top of one another or each other — aufeinander
on top of something — (fig.): (in addition) zusätzlich zu etwas
come/be on top of something — (be additional) zu etwas [hinzu]kommen
on top of the world — (fig.) überglücklich
be/go thin on top — licht auf dem Kopf sein/werden
be on top — ganz oben sein/liegen
come out on top — (be successful) Erfolg haben; (win) gewinnen
get to the top — (fig.) eine Spitzenposition erringen; ganz nach oben kommen (ugs.)
from top to toe — von Kopf bis Fuß
be over the top — übertrieben od. überzogen sein
the man at the top — der [oberste] Chef od. (ugs.) Boss
top of the table — (Sport) Tabellenspitze, die
[at the] top of the agenda is... — ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung steht...
be [at the] top of the class — der/die Klassenbeste sein
top of the bill — (Theatre) Zugpferd, das
on [the] top of something — [oben] auf etwas (position): (Dat./direction: Akk.)
they climbed to the top of the hill/slope — sie kletterten auf den Hügel/den Hang hinauf
5) (folding roof) Verdeck, das6) (upper deck of bus, boat) Oberdeck, das7) (cap of pen) [Verschluss]kappe, dieat the top [of the page] — oben [auf der/die Seite]
11) (turn-down of sock) Umschlag, der13) (utmost) Gipfel, dershout/talk at the top of one's voice — aus vollem Halse schreien/so laut wie möglich sprechen
14)be the tops — (coll.) (the best) der/die/das Größte sein (ugs.); (marvellous) spitze sein (ugs.)
15) (surface) Oberfläche, die17) (Brit. Motor Veh.)2. adjectiveoberst...; höchst... [Ton, Preis]the/a top award — die höchste/eine hohe Auszeichnung
the/a top chess player — der beste Schachspieler/einer der besten Schachspieler od. ein Spitzenschachspieler
top scientists/actors — etc. hochkarätige Wissenschaftler/Schauspieler usw.
the top pupil/school/marks — der beste Schüler/die beste Schule/die besten Noten
top manager/management — Topmanager/-management
a top speed of 100 m.p.h. — eine Spitzen- od. Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 100 Meilen pro Stunde
go at top speed — mit Spitzen- od. Höchstgeschwindigkeit fahren
be/come top [in a subject] — [in einem Fach] der/die Beste sein/werden
give something top priority — einer Sache (Dat.) höchste Priorität einräumen
have a record in the top ten — eine Platte in den Top-ten haben
in the top left/right corner — in der linken/rechten oberen Ecke
3. transitive verb,the top people — (in society) die Spitzen der Gesellschaft; (in a particular field) die besten Leute
- pp-1) (cover)the hills were topped with or by snow — die Hügelspitzen waren schneebedeckt
2) (Hort.): (cut top off) stutzen [Pflanze]; kappen [Baum]3) (be taller than) überragenexports have topped [the] £40 million [mark/level] — die Exporte haben die [Grenze von] 40 Millionen Pfund überschritten
to top it all — [noch] obendrein
5) (head) anführentop the bill — (Theatre) das Zugpferd sein
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/75633/top_off">top off- top upII noun(toy) Kreisel, der* * *I 1. [top] noun1) (the highest part of anything: the top of the hill; the top of her head; The book is on the top shelf.) die Spitze2) (the position of the cleverest in a class etc: He's at the top of the class.) die Spitze3) (the upper surface: the table-top.) die Oberfläche4) (a lid: I've lost the top to this jar; a bottle-top.) der Deckel5) (a (woman's) garment for the upper half of the body; a blouse, sweater etc: I bought a new skirt and top.) das Sonnentop2. adjective(having gained the most marks, points etc, eg in a school class: He's top (of the class) again.) der/die/das erste3. verb1) (to cover on the top: She topped the cake with cream.) bedecken2) (to rise above; to surpass: Our exports have topped $100,000.) übersteigen3) (to remove the top of.) kappen•- topless- topping
- top hat
- top-heavy
- top-secret
- at the top of one's voice
- be/feel on top of the world
- from top to bottom
- the top of the ladder/tree
- top up II [top] noun(a kind of toy that spins.) der Kreisel* * *top1[tɒp, AM tɑ:p]n2. ( dated fam)to sleep like a \top schlafen wie ein Murmeltiertop2[tɒp, AM tɑ:p]I. n1. (highest part) oberes Ende, Spitze f; of a mountain [Berg]gipfel m; of a tree [Baum]krone f, Wipfel mshe waited for me at the \top of the stairs sie wartete oben am Ende der Treppe auf michfrom \top to bottom von oben bis untento get on \top of sth etw in den Griff bekommen\top of a desk [or table] Tischplatte fthere was a pile of books on \top of the table auf dem Tisch lag ein Stoß Bücherput the letter on \top of that pile of books leg den Brief auf diesen Stoß Bücherto be at the \top of the class Klassenbeste(r) f(m) seinto be at the \top an der Spitze seinto go to the \top an die Spitze kommento live at the \top of a street am Ende der Straße wohnen6. BOT oberer Teil einer Pflanzebottle \top Flaschenverschluss mscrew-on \top Schraubverschluss mon \top of that... obendrein...we missed the train, and on \top of that we had to... wir verpassten den Zug, und als wäre das noch nicht genug gewesen, mussten wir auch noch...9.▶ the Big T\top das Großzelt▶ to go over the \top überreagieren▶ from \top to toe von Kopf bis Fuß▶ at the \top of one's voice aus vollem Halseshe shouted his name at the \top of her voice sie rief, so laut sie konnte, seinen NamenII. adj\top layer oberste Schicht2. (best) beste(r, s)sb's \top choice jds erste Wahl\top university Eliteuniversität f3. (most successful) Spitzen-\top athlete Spitzensportler(in) m(f)4. (maximum) höchste(r, s)\top speed Höchstgeschwindigkeit fto come \top [of the class] Klassenbeste(r) f(m) seinIV. vt<- pp->▪ to \top sth etw anführento \top the bill der Star des Abends seinto \top a list obenan auf einer Liste stehen2. (cover)to \top a cake with cream einen Kuchen mit Sahne garnieren3. (surpass)▪ to \top sth etw übertreffenthey've offered me £1,000 — I'm afraid we can't \top that sie haben mir 1.000 Pfund geboten — das können wir leider nicht überbieten▪ to \top sb/oneself jdn/sich umbringen* * *I [tɒp]1. n1) (= highest part) oberer Teil; (of spire, pyramid, cone etc, fig, of league, company etc) Spitze f; (of mountain) Gipfel m; (of tree) Krone f, Spitze f; (of pine tree) Wipfel m, Spitze f; (of branch) oberes Ende; (of wave) Kamm m; (of carrots, radishes) Ende nt; (= leafy part) Kraut nt; (= detachable part of cupboard etc) Aufsatz m; (= head end of table, bed, sheet) Kopfende nt, oberes Ende; (of road, beach) oberes Endewhich is the top? — wo ist oben?
the top of the tree/page/list/wall etc is... — der Baum/die Seite/Liste/Wand etc ist oben...
at the top of the page/list — oben auf der Seite/Liste
at the top of the league/pile — oben in der Tabelle/im Stapel
at the top of the stairs/wall/hill/tree — oben an der Treppe/Wand/am Berg/Baum
at the top of the table/road — am oberen Ende des Tisches/der Straße
to be (at the) top of the class — Klassenbeste(r) or -erste(r) sein, der/die Beste in der Klasse sein
he's near the top in English —
the liquid was cloudy near the top — die Flüssigkeit war oben wolkig
she bashed the top of her head on the luggage rack — sie schlug sich (dat) den Kopf an der Gepäckablage an
he looked over the top of his spectacles —
he curled his fingers over the top of the window — er klammerte sich mit den Fingern an den oberen Fensterrand
she fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom — sie fiel die ganze Treppe von oben bis unten hinunter
to scream at the top of one's voice — aus vollem Hals or aus Leibeskräften brüllen
they were talking at the top(s) of their voices — sie haben sich in voller Lautstärke unterhalten
go to the top of the class (inf) — du bist gar nicht so dumm!
off the top of my head (fig) — grob gesagt; (with figures) über den Daumen gepeilt
just a quick comment please, off the top of your head to talk off the top of one's head (inf) — bitte einen kurzen Kommentar, ganz spontan nur so daherreden
that's a bit over the top — das ist ein bisschen übertrieben, das geht ein bisschen zu weit
I find him a bit over the top —
he's over the top (= past his best) — er ist auf dem absteigenden Ast
the top of the morning to you! (Ir) — grüß Gott! (S__nbsp;Ger, Aus), (schönen) guten Morgen!
See:→ bill2) (= upper surface) Oberfläche f; (COMPUT) Vordergrund mto be on top — oben sein or liegen; (fig) obenauf sein
it was on top of/on the top of the cupboard/pile etc — es war auf/oben auf dem Schrank/Stapel etc
put it on top of/the top of the cupboard etc — leg es oben auf den Schrank etc
then, on top of all that... — und dann, um das Maß vollzumachen...
and, on top of that... — und zusätzlich..., und außerdem...
he felt he was on top of the situation — er hatte das Gefühl, die Situation im Griff or unter Kontrolle zu haben
to come out on top — sich durchsetzen; (over rival) die Oberhand gewinnen
to blow one's top — in die Luft or an die Decke gehen (inf), aus der Haut fahren (inf)
4) (= working surface) Arbeitsfläche fsoft top (Aut) — Weichverdeck nt
7) (AUT: top gear) höchster Gangin top — im vierten/fünften, im höchsten Gang
9) (inf)to be (the) tops — klasse sein (inf), spitze sein (inf)
2. adj(= upper) obere(r, s); (= highest) oberste(r, s); branches, note, honours, price höchste(r, s); (= best) Spitzen-, Top-; pupil, school, marks beste(r, s)top athlete — Spitzenathlet(in) m(f)
top job — Spitzenjob m
top prices — Höchstpreise pl
the top end of the market —
the car has a top speed of 120 — das Auto hat eine Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 120
the top men in the party/government/firm —
the top people (in a company) — die Leute an der Spitze; (in society) die oberen zehntausend
the Top Ten (Mus) — die Top Ten pl
3. adv1)2)it'll take an hour tops — das dauert höchstens or maximal eine Stunde
4. vt1) (= cover, cap) bedecken2)(= reach top of)
just as the car/he topped the hill — gerade, als das Auto/er oben auf dem Berg angekommen war or den Gipfel des Berges erreicht hatte3)(= be at top of)
his name topped the list — sein Name stand ganz oben auf der Liste or an der Spitze der ListeSee:→ billand to top it all... (inf) — und um das Maß vollzumachen...
5)to top a tree/radish/carrot — die Spitze eines Baumes/das Ende eines Rettichs/einer Mohrrübe abschneiden
6)IInKreisel m* * *top1 [tɒp; US tɑp]A sa) Spitze f, Gipfel m (eines Berges)b) Kuppe f (eines Hügels)c) Krone f, Wipfel m (eines Baumes)d) Dach(spitze) n(f), (Haus)Giebel me) Kopf(ende) m(n) (eines Tisches, einer Buchseite etc)f) (Deich-, Mauer)Krone fg) Oberfläche f (des Wassers etc):the top of the world das Dach der Welt;at the top obenan;at the top of oben an (dat);at the top of the street oben in der Straße;at the top of page 10, page 10 at the top (auf) Seite 10 oben;at the top of the table SPORT an der Tabellenspitze;off the top of one’s head auf Anhieb, so ohne Weiteres;on top oben(auf a. fig);a) oben auf (dat), über (dat),b) umg direkt vor (dat);on top of each other auf- oder übereinander;on (the) top of it obendrein;get on top of sth fig einer Sache Herr werden;be over the top fig übertrieben sein;a) MIL zum Sturmangriff (aus dem Schützengraben) antreten,the top of the class der Klassenprimus;top of the line WIRTSCH Branchenführer(in);a) in höchster Stellung, an oberster Stelle,b) auf dem Gipfel des Erfolgs;come out on top als Sieger oder Bester hervorgehen;be on top (of the world) obenauf sein;be on top of sth einer Sache gewachsen sein3. a) höchster Gradb) höchster Punkt, Höchststand m:at the top of one’s speed mit höchster Geschwindigkeit;the top of the tide der Höchststand der Flutthe top of his ambition sein höchster Ehrgeiz;5. umga) Auslese f, Creme f umg (der Gesellschaft)b) pl (die) großen Tiere pl umg6. Kopf m, Scheitel m:from top to bottom vom Scheitel bis zur Sohle;7. (Schachtel-, Topf- etc) Deckel m8. AUTO etc Verdeck n11. Oberteil n (eines Pyjamas, Badeanzugs etc)b) Stulpe f (an Stiefeln, Handschuhen etc)13. SCHIFF Mars m/f14. BOTb) auch pl (Rüben- etc)Kraut n15. CHEM Spitzenfraktion f16. Blume f (des Bieres)B adj1. oberst(er, e, es):top line Kopf-, Titelzeile f;the top rung fig die höchste Stellung, die oberste Stelle2. höchst(er, e, es):a) mit Höchstgeschwindigkeit,b) in Windeseile;top earner Spitzenverdiener(in);top manager Top-, Spitzenmanager m;top prices Höchst-, Spitzenpreise;3. (der, die, das) Erste:win the top hono(u)rs in a competition den ersten Preis in einem Wettbewerb gewinnen4. Haupt…:5. umg erstklassig, best(er, e, es):C v/t1. (oben) bedecken ( with mit)2. überragen3. mit einer Spitze, einem Oberteil, einem Deckel etc versehen6. (zahlenmäßig etc) übersteigen:top one million die Millionengrenze übersteigenhe tops me by two inches er ist (um) zwei Zoll größer als ich;he tops five feet er ist etwas über fünf Fuß groß8. überragen, -treffen, schlagen; ein Angebot, eine Bestleistung etc toppen, überbieten:be topped den Kürzeren ziehen;9. Pflanzen beschneiden, stutzen, köpfen, kappenwith mit)* * *I 1. noun1) (highest part) Spitze, die; (of table) Platte, die; (of bench seat) Sitzfläche, die; (top floor) oberstes Stockwerk; (flat roof, roof garden) Dach, das; (rim of glass, bottle, etc.) Rand, der; (top end) oberes Ende; (of tree) Spitze, die; Wipfel, dera cake with a cherry on top — ein Kuchen mit einer Kirsche [oben]drauf
at the top of the building/hill/pile/stairs — oben im Gebäude/[oben] auf dem Hügel/[oben] auf dem Stapel/oben an der Treppe
be at/get to or reach the top [of the ladder or tree] — (fig.) auf der obersten Sprosse [der Leiter] stehen/die oberste Sprosse [der Leiter] erreichen (fig.)
be/get on top of a situation/subject — eine Situation/eine Materie im Griff haben/in den Griff bekommen
don't let it get on top of you — (fig.) lass dich davon nicht unterkriegen! (ugs.)
he put it on [the] top of the pile — er legte es [oben] auf den Stapel
on top of one another or each other — aufeinander
on top of something — (fig.): (in addition) zusätzlich zu etwas
come/be on top of something — (be additional) zu etwas [hinzu]kommen
on top of the world — (fig.) überglücklich
be/go thin on top — licht auf dem Kopf sein/werden
be on top — ganz oben sein/liegen
come out on top — (be successful) Erfolg haben; (win) gewinnen
get to the top — (fig.) eine Spitzenposition erringen; ganz nach oben kommen (ugs.)
be over the top — übertrieben od. überzogen sein
2) (highest rank) Spitze, diethe man at the top — der [oberste] Chef od. (ugs.) Boss
top of the table — (Sport) Tabellenspitze, die
[at the] top of the agenda is... — ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung steht...
be [at the] top of the class — der/die Klassenbeste sein
top of the bill — (Theatre) Zugpferd, das
3) (of vegetable) Kraut, dason [the] top of something — [oben] auf etwas (position): (Dat./direction: Akk.)
they climbed to the top of the hill/slope — sie kletterten auf den Hügel/den Hang hinauf
5) (folding roof) Verdeck, das6) (upper deck of bus, boat) Oberdeck, das7) (cap of pen) [Verschluss]kappe, die9) (upper part of page) oberer Teilat the top [of the page] — oben [auf der/die Seite]
10) (upper garment) Oberteil, das11) (turn-down of sock) Umschlag, der13) (utmost) Gipfel, dershout/talk at the top of one's voice — aus vollem Halse schreien/so laut wie möglich sprechen
14)be the tops — (coll.) (the best) der/die/das Größte sein (ugs.); (marvellous) spitze sein (ugs.)
15) (surface) Oberfläche, die17) (Brit. Motor Veh.)2. adjectiveoberst...; höchst... [Ton, Preis]the/a top award — die höchste/eine hohe Auszeichnung
the/a top chess player — der beste Schachspieler/einer der besten Schachspieler od. ein Spitzenschachspieler
top scientists/actors — etc. hochkarätige Wissenschaftler/Schauspieler usw.
the top pupil/school/marks — der beste Schüler/die beste Schule/die besten Noten
top manager/management — Topmanager/-management
a top speed of 100 m.p.h. — eine Spitzen- od. Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 100 Meilen pro Stunde
go at top speed — mit Spitzen- od. Höchstgeschwindigkeit fahren
be/come top [in a subject] — [in einem Fach] der/die Beste sein/werden
give something top priority — einer Sache (Dat.) höchste Priorität einräumen
in the top left/right corner — in der linken/rechten oberen Ecke
3. transitive verb,the top people — (in society) die Spitzen der Gesellschaft; (in a particular field) die besten Leute
- pp-1) (cover)the hills were topped with or by snow — die Hügelspitzen waren schneebedeckt
2) (Hort.): (cut top off) stutzen [Pflanze]; kappen [Baum]3) (be taller than) überragen4) (surpass, excel) übertreffenexports have topped [the] £40 million [mark/level] — die Exporte haben die [Grenze von] 40 Millionen Pfund überschritten
to top it all — [noch] obendrein
5) (head) anführentop the bill — (Theatre) das Zugpferd sein
Phrasal Verbs:- top off- top upII noun(toy) Kreisel, der* * *v.maximal erreichen ausdr.übersteigen v. adj.oben adj. n.Anfang -ë m.Gipfel - m.Kopfende -n n.Kreisel - m.Oberteil -e n.Spitze -n f. -
32 top
1. n верхушка; вершина; макушка2. n верхняя часть, верхний конец3. n шпиль; купол; шатёр4. n верхняя поверхностьthe top of a table — столешница, крышка стола
5. n темя6. n голова7. n диал. пучок8. n диал. волосы9. n высшая степень, высшая ступеньtop out — достигать высшего уровня, высшей точки
top flight — высший уровень или класс, экстракласс
10. n высший ранг, высокое положение; первое место11. n лучшая, отборная часть12. n начало, ранний этап13. n l14. n отвороты15. n высокие сапоги с отворотами16. n обыкн. бот. ботва17. n обыкн. бот. перо18. n карт. туз или король19. n карт. горн. кровля20. n карт. мор. марс; топ21. n карт. хим. лёгкие фракции, дистилляты22. n карт. физ. звуки верхних частот23. n карт. удар по мячу выше центраfrom top downward — сверху вниз; с головы до пят
to be at the top of the tree — быть во главе ; занимать видное положение
to come to the top — отличиться, добиться успеха
24. a верхнийtop milk — молоко со сливками; сливки
25. a высший, максимальный; предельный; последнийto be in top form — быть в прекрасной форме, достичь пика формы
top scorer — спортсмен, набравший высшую сумму баллов
26. a самый главный, самый важный; высший; высокопоставленныйtop management — высшее руководство, верхушка управляющих
27. a лучший, первый, ведущий28. a престижный, привилегированный29. v снабжать верхушкой; покрыватьtop of stack — вершина стека; верхушка стека
30. v срезать верхушкуto top and tail — срезать оба конца, срезать черенок и хвостик
31. v перевалить; перепрыгнуть32. v быть завершением; увенчивать, возвышаться33. v быть во главе; стоять на первом местеto top the list — быть первым в списке, открывать список
34. v быть больше35. v превосходить, быть первым36. v покрывать, подкрашивать37. v с. -х. производить подкормку38. v спорт. ударять сверхуtop down approach — подход "сверху вниз"
39. v с. -х. покрыватьand to top it all — и в довершение всего; вдобавок ко всем несчастьям
40. n волчокthe top sleeps — волчок вертится так, что вращение незаметно
peg top — кубарь, волчок
whipping top — юла, кубарь, волчок
Синонимический ряд:1. excellent (adj.) A1; bang-up; banner; blue-ribbon; bully; capital; champion; classic; classical; excellent; famous; fine; first-class; first-rate; first-string; five-star; front-rank; Grade A; great; number one; par excellence; prime; quality; royal; skookum; sovereign; splendid; stunning; superb; superior; tiptop; topflight; top-notch; whiz-bang2. first (adj.) best; cardinal; celebrated; chief; dominant; eminent; first; foremost; key; leading; main; major; outstanding; paramount; pre-eminent; premier; primary; prime; principal; superior3. fore (adj.) fore; front; head; lead4. highest (adj.) apical; greatest; highest; loftiest; topmost; upper; uppermost5. ultimate (adj.) maximal; maximum; outside; topmost; ultimate; utmost6. best (noun) best; choice; cream; elite; fat; flower; pick; pride; prime; primrose; prize7. cap (noun) cap; cork; lid; stopper8. face (noun) face; superficies; surface9. leader (noun) captain; chief; head; leader10. peak (noun) acme; apex; crest; crown; fastigium; peak; pinnacle; roof; summit; vertex; zenith11. cap (verb) cap; complete; cover; crest; crown; surmount; top off12. prune (verb) crop; detruncate; lop; pollard; prune; truncate13. surpass (verb) beat; best; better; cob; ding; eclipse; exceed; excel; outdo; outgo; outmatch; outshine; outstrip; overshadow; pass; surpass; transcend; trumpАнтонимический ряд:bottom; least; lowest; nadir; second-rate; worst -
33 Bessemer, Sir Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 January 1813 Charlton (near Hitchin), Hertfordshire, Englandd. 15 January 1898 Denmark Hill, London, England[br]English inventor of the Bessemer steelmaking process.[br]The most valuable part of Bessemer's education took place in the workshop of his inventor father. At the age of only 17 he went to London to seek his fortune and set himself up in the trade of casting art works in white metal. He went on to the embossing of metals and other materials and this led to his first major invention, whereby a date was incorporated in the die for embossing seals, thus preventing the wholesale forgeries that had previously been committed. For this, a grateful Government promised Bessemer a paid position, a promise that was never kept; recognition came only in 1879 with a belated knighthood. Bessemer turned to other inventions, mainly in metalworking, including a process for making bronze powder and gold paint. After he had overcome technical problems, the process became highly profitable, earning him a considerable income during the forty years it was in use.The Crimean War presented inventors such as Bessemer with a challenge when weaknesses in the iron used to make the cannon became apparent. In 1856, at his Baxter House premises in St Paneras, London, he tried fusing cast iron with steel. Noticing the effect of an air current on the molten mixture, he constructed a reaction vessel or converter in which air was blown through molten cast iron. There was a vigorous reaction which nearly burned the house down, and Bessemer found the iron to be almost completely decarburized, without the slag threads always present in wrought iron. Bessemer had in fact invented not only a new process but a new material, mild steel. His paper "On the manufacture of malleable iron and steel without fuel" at the British Association meeting in Cheltenham later that year created a stir. Bessemer was courted by ironmasters to license the process. However, success was short-lived, for they found that phosphorus in the original iron ore passed into the metal and rendered it useless. By chance, Bessemer had used in his trials pig-iron, derived from haematite, a phosphorus-free ore. Bessemer tried hard to overcome the problem, but lacking chemical knowledge he resigned himself to limiting his process to this kind of pig-iron. This limitation was removed in 1879 by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, who substituted a chemically basic lining in the converter in place of the acid lining used by Bessemer. This reacted with the phosphorus to form a substance that could be tapped off with the slag, leaving the steel free from this harmful element. Even so, the new material had begun to be applied in engineering, especially for railways. The open-hearth process developed by Siemens and the Martin brothers complemented rather than competed with Bessemer steel. The widespread use of the two processes had a revolutionary effect on mechanical and structural engineering and earned Bessemer around £1 million in royalties before the patents expired.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1879. FRS 1879. Royal Society of Arts Albert Gold Medal 1872.Bibliography1905, Sir Henry Bessemer FRS: An Autobiography, London.LRD -
34 Young, Arthur
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 11 September 1741 London, Englandd. 20 April 1820 Bradford, England[br]English writer and commentator on agricultural affairs; founder and Secretary of the Board of Agriculture (later the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food).[br]He was the youngest of the three children of Dr Arthur Young, who was at one time Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons. He learned Latin and Greek at Lavenham School, and at the age of 17 was apprenticed to a mercantile house, an occupation he disliked. He first published The Theatre of the Present War in North America in 1758. He then wrote four novels and began to produce the literary magazine The Universal Museum. After his father's death he returned home to manage his father's farm, and in 1765 he married Martha Allen.Young learned farming by experiment, and three years after his return he took over the rent of a 300 acre farm, Samford Hall in Essex. He was not a practical farmer, and was soon forced to give it up in favour of one of 100 acres (40.5 hectares) in Hertfordshire. He subsidized his farming with his writing, and in 1768 published The Farmer's Letters to the People of England. The first of his books on agricultural tours, Six Weeks Tours through the Counties of England and Wales, was published in 1771. Between 1784 and 1809 he published the Annals of Agriculture, one of whose contributors was George III, who wrote under the pseudonym of Ralph Robinson.By this time he was corresponding with all of influence in agricultural matters, both at home and abroad. George Washington wrote frequently to Young, and George III was reputed to travel always with a copy of his book. The Empress of Russia sent students to him and had his Tours published in Russian. Young made three trips to France in 1787, 1788 and 1789–90 respectively, prior to and during the French Revolution, and his Travels in France (1792) is a remarkable account of that period, made all the more fascinating by his personal contact with people differing as widely as Mirabeau, the French revolutionary leader, and King Louis XVI.Unfortunately, in 1811 an unsuccessful cataract operation left him blind, and he moved from London to his native Bradford, where he remained until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChairman, Agricultural Committee of the Society of Arts 1773: awarded three Gold Medals during his career for his achievements in practical agriculture. FRS. Honorary Member of the Dublin, York and Manchester learned societies, as well as the Economic Society of Berne, the Palatine Academy of Agriculture at Mannheim, and the Physical Society of Zurich. Honourary member, French Royal Society of Agriculture. Secretary, Board of Agriculture 1793.BibliographyHis first novels were The Fair Americans, Sir Charles Beaufort, Lucy Watson and Julia Benson.His earliest writings on agriculture appeared as collected letters in a periodical with the title Museum Rusticum in 1767.In 1770 he published a two-volume work entitled A Course of Experimental Agriculture, and between 1766 and 1775 he published The Farmer's Letters, Political Arithmetic, Political Essays Concerning the Present State of the British Empire and Southern, Northern and Eastern Tours, and in 1779 he published The Tour of Ireland.In addition he was author of the Board of Agriculture reports on the counties of Suffolk, Lincoln, Norfolk, Hertford, Essex and Oxford.Further ReadingJ.Thirsk (ed.), 1989, The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Vol. VI (deals with the years 1750 to 1850, the period associated with Young).T.G.Gazeley, 1973, "The life of Arthur Young, 1741–1820", Memoirs, American Philosophical Society 97.AP -
35 занимать гостей
1) General subject: do the honors of the house2) Makarov: entertain guests, do the honours of the house -
36 исполнять обязанности хозяина
1) General subject: do the honors of the house2) Makarov: do the honours of the houseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > исполнять обязанности хозяина
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37 исполнять обязанности хозяйки
General subject: do the honors of the house, do the honours of the houseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > исполнять обязанности хозяйки
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38 принимать гостей
1) General subject: act as host, do the honors of the house, entertain, give a party, host, hostess, take in guests (в гостинице и т. п.), to be at home, feel at home, give entertainment, have a party, host a reception2) Diplomatic term: make up a party3) Makarov: be at home, entertain guests, give party, do the honours of the house -
39 Bestehen
(unreg.)I v/t1. (Prüfung) pass; (eine Probe) stand ( oder pass) the test; die Prüfung / Probe nicht bestehen fail the exam / test; eine Prüfung knapp / mit „gut“ bestehen scrape through an exam / etwa pass an exam with a B2.b) (Gefahr) survive; (Kampf) win through in; wir hatten einen schweren Kampf zu bestehen we had a hard battle to fightII v/i1. exist, weitS. Bedenken, Grund etc.: auch be; (fortbestehen) continue, last; (noch bestehen) remain, survive, have survived; besteht diese Schule / Firma noch? does this school / firm still exist?; bestehen bleiben (fortdauern) continue (to exist); Gefahr etc.: remain; (gültig bleiben) remain valid, (still) hold good; bestehen lassen retain; es besteht / bestehen... auch there is / are...; es besteht die Gefahr, dass sich das Feuer ausbreitet there’s a danger of the fire spreading; über den Hergang besteht noch keine Klarheit it is still not clear what happened3. bestehen in consist in, be; das Problem besteht darin, dass ( darin zu + Inf.) the problem is that (is + Ger.); der Unterschied besteht darin, dass the difference is ( oder lies in the fact) that; die Besonderheit besteht darin, dass what is so special (about it) is (the fact) that4. bestehen auf (+ Dat) insist (up)on; darauf bestehen, etw. zu tun insist on doing s.th.; darauf bestehen, dass etw. getan wird insist on s.th. being done; ich bestehe darauf(, dass er kommt) I insist (that he comes oder on his coming förm.); ich bestehe nicht darauf I’m not insisting, you don’t have to; ich bestehe auf meinem Vertrag / Recht I insist that the terms of my contract are hono(u)red / on my rights5. (sich behaupten) hold out, hold ( oder stand) one’s ground, hold one’s own ( gegen against); in einem Kampf / einer Gefahr bestehen auch prove o.s. in a battle / a danger; mit diesem Abschluss kannst du überall bestehen you can get in anywhere with this exam result (Am. with these test scores)6. in einer Prüfung: pass, get through umg.; mit „gut“ / Auszeichnung bestehen etwa pass with a B / a distinction* * *das Bestehen(Existenz) existence;(Prüfung) pass* * *Be|ste|hennt -s,no pl1) (= Vorhandensein, Dauer) existenceseit Bestéhen der Firma/des Staates — ever since the firm/state has existed or came into existence
das 100-jährige Bestéhen von etw feiern — to celebrate the hundredth anniversary or first hundred years of (the existence of) sth
2) (= Beharren) insistence (auf +dat on)3) (von Prüfung) passing; (von Schicksalsschlägen) withstanding; (von schwerer Zeit) coming or pulling through; (von Gefahr) overcomingbei Bestéhen der Prüfung — on passing the exam
* * *2) ((with in) (of feelings, impressions etc) to be caused by or contained in: His charm lies in his honesty.) lie4) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) pass* * *Be·ste·hen<-s>das 25-jährige \Bestehen der Firma wurde gefeiert the company celebrated its 25th birthdayseit [dem] \Bestehen einer S. gen since the establishment of sth; Schule, Verein etc. founding; Geschäftsverbindung setting-up, establishment2. (Beharren)3. (das Durchkommen)▪ das \Bestehen einer S. gen Prüfung, Test the passing of sth; Probezeit successful completion; schwierige Situation surviving, coming through; Gefahren overcoming* * *das; Bestehens existencedie Firma feiert ihr 10jähriges Bestehen — the firm is celebrating its tenth anniversary
* * *1. existence;seit Bestehen unserer Firma ever since our firm was founded;seit Bestehen der Regierung ever since the government came into power;das 50-jährige Bestehen feiern celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of sth2.(jemandes) Bestehen auf (+dat) (sb’s) insistence on3. einer Prüfung: passing;nach (erfolgreichem) Bestehen der Prüfung having passed the exam* * *das; Bestehens existence* * *(auf) v.to insist (on) v. (aus) v.to consist (of) v. v.to consist v.to exist v.to insist v. -
40 bestehen
(unreg.)I v/t1. (Prüfung) pass; (eine Probe) stand ( oder pass) the test; die Prüfung / Probe nicht bestehen fail the exam / test; eine Prüfung knapp / mit „gut“ bestehen scrape through an exam / etwa pass an exam with a B2.b) (Gefahr) survive; (Kampf) win through in; wir hatten einen schweren Kampf zu bestehen we had a hard battle to fightII v/i1. exist, weitS. Bedenken, Grund etc.: auch be; (fortbestehen) continue, last; (noch bestehen) remain, survive, have survived; besteht diese Schule / Firma noch? does this school / firm still exist?; bestehen bleiben (fortdauern) continue (to exist); Gefahr etc.: remain; (gültig bleiben) remain valid, (still) hold good; bestehen lassen retain; es besteht / bestehen... auch there is / are...; es besteht die Gefahr, dass sich das Feuer ausbreitet there’s a danger of the fire spreading; über den Hergang besteht noch keine Klarheit it is still not clear what happened3. bestehen in consist in, be; das Problem besteht darin, dass ( darin zu + Inf.) the problem is that (is + Ger.); der Unterschied besteht darin, dass the difference is ( oder lies in the fact) that; die Besonderheit besteht darin, dass what is so special (about it) is (the fact) that4. bestehen auf (+ Dat) insist (up)on; darauf bestehen, etw. zu tun insist on doing s.th.; darauf bestehen, dass etw. getan wird insist on s.th. being done; ich bestehe darauf(, dass er kommt) I insist (that he comes oder on his coming förm.); ich bestehe nicht darauf I’m not insisting, you don’t have to; ich bestehe auf meinem Vertrag / Recht I insist that the terms of my contract are hono(u)red / on my rights5. (sich behaupten) hold out, hold ( oder stand) one’s ground, hold one’s own ( gegen against); in einem Kampf / einer Gefahr bestehen auch prove o.s. in a battle / a danger; mit diesem Abschluss kannst du überall bestehen you can get in anywhere with this exam result (Am. with these test scores)6. in einer Prüfung: pass, get through umg.; mit „gut“ / Auszeichnung bestehen etwa pass with a B / a distinction* * *das Bestehen(Existenz) existence;(Prüfung) pass* * *Be|ste|hennt -s,no pl1) (= Vorhandensein, Dauer) existenceseit Bestéhen der Firma/des Staates — ever since the firm/state has existed or came into existence
das 100-jährige Bestéhen von etw feiern — to celebrate the hundredth anniversary or first hundred years of (the existence of) sth
2) (= Beharren) insistence (auf +dat on)3) (von Prüfung) passing; (von Schicksalsschlägen) withstanding; (von schwerer Zeit) coming or pulling through; (von Gefahr) overcomingbei Bestéhen der Prüfung — on passing the exam
* * *2) ((with in) (of feelings, impressions etc) to be caused by or contained in: His charm lies in his honesty.) lie4) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) pass* * *Be·ste·hen<-s>das 25-jährige \Bestehen der Firma wurde gefeiert the company celebrated its 25th birthdayseit [dem] \Bestehen einer S. gen since the establishment of sth; Schule, Verein etc. founding; Geschäftsverbindung setting-up, establishment2. (Beharren)3. (das Durchkommen)▪ das \Bestehen einer S. gen Prüfung, Test the passing of sth; Probezeit successful completion; schwierige Situation surviving, coming through; Gefahren overcoming* * *das; Bestehens existencedie Firma feiert ihr 10jähriges Bestehen — the firm is celebrating its tenth anniversary
* * *bestehen (irr)A. v/tdie Prüfung/Probe nicht bestehen fail the exam/test;eine Prüfung knapp/mit „gut“ bestehen scrape through an exam/etwa pass an exam with a B2. (durchstehen) (eine Krise etc) come ( oder go) through, survive; (Gefahr) survive; (Kampf) win through in;wir hatten einen schweren Kampf zu bestehen we had a hard battle to fightB. v/i1. exist, weitS. Bedenken, Grund etc: auch be; (fortbestehen) continue, last; (noch bestehen) remain, survive, have survived;besteht diese Schule/Firma noch? does this school/firm still exist?;bestehen bleiben (fortdauern) continue (to exist); Gefahr etc: remain; (gültig bleiben) remain valid, (still) hold good;bestehen lassen retain;es besteht/bestehen … auch there is/are …;es besteht die Gefahr, dass sich das Feuer ausbreitet there’s a danger of the fire spreading;über den Hergang besteht noch keine Klarheit it is still not clear what happened2.3.bestehen in consist in, be;das Problem besteht darin, dass (der Unterschied besteht darin, dass the difference is ( oder lies in the fact) that;die Besonderheit besteht darin, dass what is so special (about it) is (the fact) that4.bestehen auf (+dat)insist (up)on;darauf bestehen, etwas zu tun insist on doing sth;darauf bestehen, dass etwas getan wird insist on sth being done;ich bestehe nicht darauf I’m not insisting, you don’t have to;ich bestehe auf meinem Vertrag/Recht I insist that the terms of my contract are hono(u)red/on my rightsgegen against);in einem Kampf/einer Gefahr bestehen auch prove o.s. in a battle/a danger;mit diesem Abschluss kannst du überall bestehen you can get in anywhere with this exam result (US with these test scores)mit „gut“/Auszeichnung bestehen etwa pass with a B/a distinction* * *das; Bestehens existence* * *(auf) v.to insist (on) v. (aus) v.to consist (of) v. v.to consist v.to exist v.to insist v.
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