to+close

complexus, a, um, Part., from complector.

complexus ( con-), ūs, m. [complector], a surrounding, encompassing, encircling, embracing, embrace, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

Prop.

Of things (rare):

aether Omnia avido complexu cetera saepsit,

Lucr. 5, 471; so id. 2, 1066:

qui (mundus) omnia complexu suo coërcet et continet,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 58; 2, 40, 101:

lapides alligati complexu silicis,

by a binding, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161.—

Of persons:

secutae conlocutiones cum Trebonio complexusque,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

corporum,

id. Tusc. 3, 20, 46:

e complexu parentum abreptos filios ad necem ducere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

ubi complexu coierunt membra tenaci,

in a mutual close embrace, Ov. M. 4, 377:

complexu matris avellere natam,

Cat. 62, 21; cf. id. 64, 88; 64, 118; Cic. Font. 17, 36; id. Fl. 38, 95; Liv. 2, 40, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 42; 8, 3, 68:

Venerio,

in copulation, Cic. Div. 2, 69, 143.—In plur., * Hor. S, 1, 5, 43; Verg. A. 5, 742; Ov. M. 3, 286; 10, 388; 6, 249.—Rarely (like complector itself), of hostile embrace, close combat:

in Martis complexu cadere,

Quint. Decl. 4, 22:

armorum,

Tac. Agr. 36; cf.

of a serpent: longis amplexibus illos necat,

Ov. M. 3, 48:

luctari complexu,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91.—

Transf., as a measure, the reach:

(cedrus) crassitudinis ad trium hominum conplexum,

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 203.—

Trop.

A connection in discourse (very freq. in Quint.):

vitium non est in sensu, sed in complexu,

Quint. 1, 5, 46; cf. id. 9, 4, 32:

brevis verborum,

id. 7, 3, 18:

sermonis,

id. 9, 3, 18:

in complexu loquendi serieque,

id. 1, 5, 3:

legum aliorumque scriptorum,

id. 5, 10, 107:

causarum,

id. 5, 10, 103; 7, 2, 57:

rerum, personarum, temporum,

id. 3, 5, 7 et saep.—

A friendly embracing, love, affectionate relation, etc.:

venisti in sinum et complexum tuae mimulae,

Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 61; cf.:

res publica Pompeii filium suo sinu complexuque recipiet,

id. ib. 13, 4, 9; id. Pis. 9, 19:

totius gentis humanae,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

at tu easdem artes in complexu, oculis, auribus habes,

Plin. Pan. 47, 2.

complexus, a, um, Part., from complector.

complexus ( con-), ūs, m. [complector], a surrounding, encompassing, encircling, embracing, embrace, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

Prop.

Of things (rare):

aether Omnia avido complexu cetera saepsit,

Lucr. 5, 471; so id. 2, 1066:

qui (mundus) omnia complexu suo coërcet et continet,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 58; 2, 40, 101:

lapides alligati complexu silicis,

by a binding, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161.—

Of persons:

secutae conlocutiones cum Trebonio complexusque,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

corporum,

id. Tusc. 3, 20, 46:

e complexu parentum abreptos filios ad necem ducere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

ubi complexu coierunt membra tenaci,

in a mutual close embrace, Ov. M. 4, 377:

complexu matris avellere natam,

Cat. 62, 21; cf. id. 64, 88; 64, 118; Cic. Font. 17, 36; id. Fl. 38, 95; Liv. 2, 40, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 42; 8, 3, 68:

Venerio,

in copulation, Cic. Div. 2, 69, 143.—In plur., * Hor. S, 1, 5, 43; Verg. A. 5, 742; Ov. M. 3, 286; 10, 388; 6, 249.—Rarely (like complector itself), of hostile embrace, close combat:

in Martis complexu cadere,

Quint. Decl. 4, 22:

armorum,

Tac. Agr. 36; cf.

of a serpent: longis amplexibus illos necat,

Ov. M. 3, 48:

luctari complexu,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91.—

Transf., as a measure, the reach:

(cedrus) crassitudinis ad trium hominum conplexum,

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 203.—

Trop.

A connection in discourse (very freq. in Quint.):

vitium non est in sensu, sed in complexu,

Quint. 1, 5, 46; cf. id. 9, 4, 32:

brevis verborum,

id. 7, 3, 18:

sermonis,

id. 9, 3, 18:

in complexu loquendi serieque,

id. 1, 5, 3:

legum aliorumque scriptorum,

id. 5, 10, 107:

causarum,

id. 5, 10, 103; 7, 2, 57:

rerum, personarum, temporum,

id. 3, 5, 7 et saep.—

A friendly embracing, love, affectionate relation, etc.:

venisti in sinum et complexum tuae mimulae,

Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 61; cf.:

res publica Pompeii filium suo sinu complexuque recipiet,

id. ib. 13, 4, 9; id. Pis. 9, 19:

totius gentis humanae,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

at tu easdem artes in complexu, oculis, auribus habes,

Plin. Pan. 47, 2.

con-trăho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to draw or bring several objects together, to collect, assemble (freq. and class.).

In gen.

Lit. (syn. colligo;

opp. dissipo): quae in rerum naturā constarent quaeque moverentur, ea contrahere amicitiam, dissipare discordiam,

Cic. Lael. 7, 24:

cohortes ex finitimis regionibus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

exercitum in unum locum,

id. B. G. 1, 34; cf.:

omnes copias Luceriam,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; and:

omnia in unum locum,

id. ib. 8, 11, B, 3:

omnes copias eo,

Nep. Ages. 3, 1:

navibus circiter LXXX. coactis, contractisque,

Caes. B. G. 4, 22; cf.:

magnam classem,

Nep. Con. 4, 4:

naves,

Suet. Calig. 19:

agrestes,

Ov. F. 4, 811:

captivos,

Liv. 37, 44, 3:

utrumque ad colloquium,

id. 28, 18, 2:

undique libros,

Suet. Aug. 31; cf.

exemplaria,

id. Gram. 24:

muscas in manu,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 122; cf.

serpentes,

id. 28, 9, 42, § 151: ii, qui in idem (collegium) contracti fuerint, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 34 (43), 1—

Trop.

To bring about, carry into effect, accomplish, execute, get, contract, occasion, cause, produce, make, etc. (very freq.):

amicitiam,

Cic. Lael. 14, 48:

vinculum amicitiae,

Val. Max. 4, 7 init.:

aliquid litigii,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 31; cf.

lites,

id. Capt. prol. 63: qui hoc [p. 458] mihi contraxit, id. Cas. 3, 2, 21; cf.:

negotium mihi,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 9; and:

numinis iram mihi (arte),

Ov. M. 2, 660:

bellum Saguntinis,

Liv. 24, 42, 11:

aliquid damni,

Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 91:

molestias,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 5; cf. Sall. H. 2, 41, 8 Dietsch:

aes alienum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 25:

causam certaminis,

Liv. 22, 28, 4; cf.

certamen,

id. 23, 26, 11; 25, 34, 10 al.:

necessitates ad bellum,

id. 44, 27, 12:

culpam,

to incur, Cic. Att. 11, 24, 1 al.:

cruditatem,

Quint. 7, 3, 38; cf. id. 2, 10, 6:

morbum,

Plin. 30, 8, 21, § 65:

pestilentiam,

id. 36, 27, 69, § 202:

saginam corporis,

Just. 21, 2:

causam valetudinis ex profluvio alvi,

Suet. Aug. 97 fin. et saep.: porca contracta, owed, due, sc. for the expiation of a crime, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57 fin. —

In the lang. of business, t. t., to make a contract, conclude a bargain, to contract:

rationem, rem cum illo,

Cic. Clu. 14, 41; cf. id. Off. 1, 17, 53; id. Sull. 20, 56; id. Att. 7, 7, 7:

in tribuendo suum cuique et rerum contractarum fide,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

ex rebus contrahendis,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61:

in contrahendis negotiis,

id. ib. 2, 11, 40:

adfinitas inter Caesarem et Pompeium contracta nuptiis,

Vell. 2, 44, 3 et saep.—

Transf. beyond the sphere of business:

cum aliquo,

to have intercourse with, to associate with, Cic. Off. 1, 2, 4:

nihil cum populo,

id. Tusc. 5, 36, 105.—

In partic., with the prevailing idea of shortening or diminishing by drawing together (cf.: cogo, colligo, etc.), to draw close or together, to draw in, contract, shorten, narrow, lessen, abridge, diminish (freq. and class.; opp. porrigo, dilato, tendo).

Lit.:

animal omne membra quocumque volt flectit, contorquet, porrigit, contrahit,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:

pulmones tum se contrahunt adspirantes, tum intrante spiritu dilatant,

id. N. D. 2, 55, 136:

contractum aliquo morbo bovis cor,

id. Div. 2, 16, 37; cf.:

se millepeda tactu,

Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 136:

bina cornua (opp. protendere),

id. 9, 32, 51, § 101: collum. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41;

opp. tendere,

Quint. 11, 3, 82:

frontem,

to wrinkle, contract, Cic. Clu. 26, 72; Hor. S. 2, 2, 125:

supercilia (opp. deducere),

Quint. 11, 3, 79:

medium digitum in pollicem,

id. 11, 3, 92; cf.:

contractum genibus tangas caput,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 61:

gravissimo frigore solus atque contractus vigilabit in lectulo,

Hier. Ep. 53:

castra,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40:

vela,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; Quint. 12, prooem. § 4; cf. Cic. Att. 1, 16, 2:

orbem (lunae),

Ov. M. 15, 198:

umbras,

id. ib. 3, 144:

orationem (with summittere),

Quint. 11, 1, 45; cf. id. 12, 11, 16:

tempora dicendi,

id. 6, 5, 4 et saep.:

lac,

to curdle, coagulate, Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 117.—Of bees:

contracto frigore pigrae ( = contractae frigore pigro),

Verg. G. 4, 259; cf.:

pigrum est enim contractumque frigus,

Sen. Ira, 2, 19, 2:

horrida tempestas contraxit caelum,

narrows, Hor. Epod. 13, 1:

vulnera,

Plin. 24, 8, 33, § 48; cf.

cicatrices,

id. 12, 17, 38, § 77:

ventrem,

to stop, check, Cels. 4, 19; cf.

alvum,

id. ib.:

vomitiones,

Plin. 20, 2, 6, § 11.—

Esp., archit. t. t., to narrow, make smaller or tapering:

columnam,

Vitr. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. 3, 3, 12; 4, 7, 2:

pyramis XXIV. gradibus in metae cacumen se contrahens,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 31.—

Trop., to draw in, lessen, check, restrain ( = certis limitibus quasi coartare et circumscribere;

opp. remittere, diffundere): cui non animus formidine divum contrahitur?

Lucr. 5, 1219; cf.:

te rogo, ne contrahas ac demittas animum,

do not suffer your spirits to droop, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4; and:

animos varietas sonorum (opp. remittere),

id. Leg. 2, 15, 38: terram quasi tristitiā (sol;

opp. laetificas),

id. N. D. 2, 40, 102:

ut et bonis amici quasi diffundantur et incommodis contrahantur,

are made sad, id. Lael. 13, 48 (cf. id. Tusc. 4, 6, 14):

ex quibus intellegitur, appetitus omnes contrahendos sedandosque,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.

cupidmem,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 39 et saep. —Hence, contractus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II.), drawn together into a narrow space, i. e. compressed, contracted, close, short, narrow, abridged, restricted, limited, etc.

Lit.:

tanto contractioribus ultimis digitis,

Quint. 11, 3, 95:

nares contractiores habent introitus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 145:

contractior ignis,

smaller, Lucr. 5, 569:

aequora,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 33; cf.

freta,

Ov. F. 6, 495:

locus (with exiguus),

Verg. G. 4, 295:

Nilus contractior et exilior,

Plin. Pan. 30, 3: contractiora spatia ordinum, Col. 5, 5, 3.—

Trop.

Of language, etc.:

et brevis ambitus verborum,

Cic. Brut. 44, 162; cf.:

contractior oratio,

id. ib. 31, 120:

propositum dicendi (opp. uberius),

Quint. 11, 1, 32:

summissā atque contractā voce (opp. erectā et concitatā),

id. 11, 3, 175; so,

vox,

id. 11, 3, 64: parvum opusculum lucubratum his jam contractioribus noctibus, Cic. Par. prooem. § 5.—

In gen.:

quae studia in his jam aetatibus nostris contractiora esse debent,

Cic. Cael. 31, 76:

paupertas,

stinted, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20 (cf.:

angusta pauperies,

id. C. 3, 2, 1);

in the same sense transf. to the person: ad mare descendet vates tuus et sibi parcet Contractusque leget,

retired, solitary, id. ib. 1, 7, 12; cf.

homo,

Verg. M. 78.— Adv.: contractē, on a contracted scale; only in comp.:

assuescamus. servis paucioribus serviri, habitare contractius,

Sen. Tranq. 9, 3; Lact. 2, 8, 39 al.

crēber, bra, brum ( sup. creberrimus;

but crebrissimus,

Gell. 2, 30, 2; cf. Rudd. I. p. 170;

and CEREBERRIMVS,

Inscr. Orell. 68), adj. [from cre-, root of cresco, Corn. Beitr. p. 356], that exists or takes place in a continuous multitude, following closely together or one after another (hence with continuus, Quint. 12, 10, 46; opp. rarus).

Thick, close, pressed together, frequent, numerous, repeated (very freq., and class.).

Of material subjects:

lucus avius, Crebro salicto oppletus,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 9; cf.

silva,

Lucr. 6, 135:

crebris arboribus succisis omnes introitus erant praeclusi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 9:

rami,

id. ib. 2, 17:

(venae et arteriae) crebrae multaeque, toto corpore intextae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

funale,

numerous torches, id. Sen. 13, 44:

castella,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

creberrima aedificia,

id. ib. 5, 12:

ignes quam creberrimi,

Sall. J. 106, 4; cf. id. ib. 98, 6:

vigilias ponere,

id. ib. 45, 2:

tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique,

Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.

exploratores,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tam crebri ad terram decidebant quam pira,

as thick as pears, Plaut. Poen. 2, 38; cf.

hostes,

id. Am. 1, 1, 84:

crebri cecidere caelo lapides,

Liv. 1, 31, 2; cf. sup., id. 28, 37, 7 et saep.—

Of immaterial subjects:

itiones,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 23; cf.

excursiones,

Nep. Milt. 2, 1:

ictus,

Lucr. 4, 935; Hor. C. 1, 25, 2; Suet. Calig. 30:

impetus,

Lucr. 1, 294; Sall. J. 50, 1 al.:

anhelitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 55; Verg. A. 5, 199:

commutationes aestuum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1:

rumores,

id. ib. 2, 1:

amplexus,

Ov. M. 9, 538 al.:

compellationes,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

sonus,

oft repeated, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

argumentatio,

Quint. 2, 5, 8:

supplosio pedis,

id. 11, 3, 128:

crebriores figurae,

id. 9, 2, 94:

quae apud Sallustium rare fuerunt, apud hunc crebra sunt et paene continua,

Sen. Ep. 114, 18:

crebra lumina (dicendi) et continua,

Quint. 12, 10, 46.—

Meton., of an object that is furnished with abundance, or produces something in multitudes, crowded with, abundant, abounding in:

creber harundinibus lucus,

Ov. M. 11, 190:

Africus procellis,

Verg. A. 1, 85:

Tiberis creber ac subitus incrementis,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 55.—Esp., of speech or writing:

sane in eo creber fuisti, Te noluisse, etc.,

you frequently said, Cic. Planc. 34, 83:

si mihi tantum esset otii, quantum est tibi... in scribendo multo essem crebrior quam tu,

id. Att. 1, 19, 1:

(Thucydides) ita creber est rerum frequentia, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 56; id. Brut. 7, 29: quis sententiis aut acutior aut crebrior? id. ap. Suet. Caes. 55; Quint. 10, 1, 102 (cf.: densus sententiis, id. [p. 479] ib. §

68).—In Gr. constr., of the person: densis ictibus heros Creber utrāque manu pulsat versatque Dareta,

Verg. A. 5, 460:

modus (dicendi) translationibus crebrior,

Quint. 12, 10, 60.—Hence, advv.,

Most freq. in the form crēbrō, close one after another (in time or number), repeatedly, often, oftentimes, frequently, many times:

si crebro cades,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 105:

ruri esse,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 18:

mittere litteras,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 1:

tussire et exspuere,

Quint. 11, 5, 56:

personare purgatam aurem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 7 et saep.:

qui crebro Catulum, saepe me, saepissime rem publicam nominabat,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59.— Comp. crebrius:

perlucet villa crebrius quam cribrum,

i. e. with more holes, openings, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 14:

mittas litteras,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 3 fin.:

crebrius aut perfidiosius rebellantes,

Suet. Aug. 21.— Sup. creberrime (creberru-):

commemorantur a Stoicis,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 56.—

crē-bră ( acc. plur.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 159), repeatedly:

revisit ad stabulum (mater),

Lucr. 2, 359:

et pede terram Crebra ferit (equus),

Verg. G. 3, 500.—

crēbrē, closely, compactly (of place;

only in Vitr.): fundamenta aedificiorum palationibus crebre fixa,

Vitr. 2, 9, 10.— Sup.:

crates ex virgis creberrime textae,

Vitr. 10, 14, 3.—

crē-brĭter, repeatedly, frequently (in time), Vitr. 10, 13, 7; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 133 sq.

crēber, bra, brum ( sup. creberrimus;

but crebrissimus,

Gell. 2, 30, 2; cf. Rudd. I. p. 170;

and CEREBERRIMVS,

Inscr. Orell. 68), adj. [from cre-, root of cresco, Corn. Beitr. p. 356], that exists or takes place in a continuous multitude, following closely together or one after another (hence with continuus, Quint. 12, 10, 46; opp. rarus).

Thick, close, pressed together, frequent, numerous, repeated (very freq., and class.).

Of material subjects:

lucus avius, Crebro salicto oppletus,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 9; cf.

silva,

Lucr. 6, 135:

crebris arboribus succisis omnes introitus erant praeclusi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 9:

rami,

id. ib. 2, 17:

(venae et arteriae) crebrae multaeque, toto corpore intextae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

funale,

numerous torches, id. Sen. 13, 44:

castella,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

creberrima aedificia,

id. ib. 5, 12:

ignes quam creberrimi,

Sall. J. 106, 4; cf. id. ib. 98, 6:

vigilias ponere,

id. ib. 45, 2:

tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique,

Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.

exploratores,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tam crebri ad terram decidebant quam pira,

as thick as pears, Plaut. Poen. 2, 38; cf.

hostes,

id. Am. 1, 1, 84:

crebri cecidere caelo lapides,

Liv. 1, 31, 2; cf. sup., id. 28, 37, 7 et saep.—

Of immaterial subjects:

itiones,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 23; cf.

excursiones,

Nep. Milt. 2, 1:

ictus,

Lucr. 4, 935; Hor. C. 1, 25, 2; Suet. Calig. 30:

impetus,

Lucr. 1, 294; Sall. J. 50, 1 al.:

anhelitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 55; Verg. A. 5, 199:

commutationes aestuum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1:

rumores,

id. ib. 2, 1:

amplexus,

Ov. M. 9, 538 al.:

compellationes,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

sonus,

oft repeated, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

argumentatio,

Quint. 2, 5, 8:

supplosio pedis,

id. 11, 3, 128:

crebriores figurae,

id. 9, 2, 94:

quae apud Sallustium rare fuerunt, apud hunc crebra sunt et paene continua,

Sen. Ep. 114, 18:

crebra lumina (dicendi) et continua,

Quint. 12, 10, 46.—

Meton., of an object that is furnished with abundance, or produces something in multitudes, crowded with, abundant, abounding in:

creber harundinibus lucus,

Ov. M. 11, 190:

Africus procellis,

Verg. A. 1, 85:

Tiberis creber ac subitus incrementis,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 55.—Esp., of speech or writing:

sane in eo creber fuisti, Te noluisse, etc.,

you frequently said, Cic. Planc. 34, 83:

si mihi tantum esset otii, quantum est tibi... in scribendo multo essem crebrior quam tu,

id. Att. 1, 19, 1:

(Thucydides) ita creber est rerum frequentia, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 56; id. Brut. 7, 29: quis sententiis aut acutior aut crebrior? id. ap. Suet. Caes. 55; Quint. 10, 1, 102 (cf.: densus sententiis, id. [p. 479] ib. §

68).—In Gr. constr., of the person: densis ictibus heros Creber utrāque manu pulsat versatque Dareta,

Verg. A. 5, 460:

modus (dicendi) translationibus crebrior,

Quint. 12, 10, 60.—Hence, advv.,

Most freq. in the form crēbrō, close one after another (in time or number), repeatedly, often, oftentimes, frequently, many times:

si crebro cades,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 105:

ruri esse,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 18:

mittere litteras,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 1:

tussire et exspuere,

Quint. 11, 5, 56:

personare purgatam aurem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 7 et saep.:

qui crebro Catulum, saepe me, saepissime rem publicam nominabat,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59.— Comp. crebrius:

perlucet villa crebrius quam cribrum,

i. e. with more holes, openings, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 14:

mittas litteras,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 3 fin.:

crebrius aut perfidiosius rebellantes,

Suet. Aug. 21.— Sup. creberrime (creberru-):

commemorantur a Stoicis,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 56.—

crē-bră ( acc. plur.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 159), repeatedly:

revisit ad stabulum (mater),

Lucr. 2, 359:

et pede terram Crebra ferit (equus),

Verg. G. 3, 500.—

crēbrē, closely, compactly (of place;

only in Vitr.): fundamenta aedificiorum palationibus crebre fixa,

Vitr. 2, 9, 10.— Sup.:

crates ex virgis creberrime textae,

Vitr. 10, 14, 3.—

crē-brĭter, repeatedly, frequently (in time), Vitr. 10, 13, 7; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 133 sq.

exĭtus, a, um, Part., from exeo, II.

exĭtus, ūs, m. [exeo], a going out or forth, egress, departure (class., esp. in the trop. signif.).

Lit.:

reditum mihi gloriosum injuria tua dedit, non exitum calamitosum,

Cic. Par. 4, 29:

omni exitu et pabulatione interclusi,

Caes. B. G. 7, 44 fin.:

exitum sibi parere,

id. B. C. 3, 69, 3.—In plur.:

singulorum hominum occultos exitus asservare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 4; 1, 25, 4. —Of things:

introitusque elementis redditus exstat,

Lucr. 6, 494:

exitus ut classi felix faustusque daretur,

a setting sail, departure, id. 1, 100:

amnis,

a flowing out, discharge, id. 6, 727: animaï (i. e. venti), a bursting or rushing out, id. 6, 586; cf. Quint. 1, 11, 7.—

Transf., concr., way of egress, outlet, passage:

exitum non habent, ac pervium non est,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 Müll.:

cum angusto portarum exitu se ipsi premerent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 3:

in exitu paludis,

mouth, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 226:

cibi,

vent, id. 11, 34, 40, § 116 et saep.:

si de multis nullus placet exitus,

Juv. 6, 33.—In plur.:

insula undique exitus maritimos habet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

septem exitus e domo fecerat,

Liv. 39, 51, 5; Col. 6, 30, 8:

alvorum,

Plin. 21, 14, 48, § 82 et saep.

Trop.

A way out, an end, close, conclusion, termination (syn.: eventus, eventum).

In gen.:

hujus orationis difficilius est exitum quam principium invenire,

end, close, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 3; cf.: quemadmodum expediam exitum hujus institutae orationis, non reperio, id. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

exitus fuit orationis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 8, 1:

ut tragici poëtae, cum explicare argumenti exitum non potestis, confugitis ad deum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53:

adducta ad exitum quaestio est,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; cf.:

ad exitum pervenire,

id. Fam. 10, 22, 2; id. Or. 33, 116:

ita magnarum initia rerum celerem et facilem exitum habuerunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:

verba quae casus habent in exitu similes,

at the end, Cic. Or. 49, 164; cf.

in the foll.: fugam quaerebamus omnes, quae ipsa exitum non habebat,

end, aim, id. Phil. 5, 16, 42:

hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 6 et saep.:

in exitu est meus consulatus,

Cic. Mur. 37, 80; cf.: in exitu jam annus erat Liv. 35, 10, 1:

superioris anni,

id. 30, 26, 2:

veris,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 170:

oppugnationis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 8:

mimi, fabulae,

the catastrophe, conclusion, Cic. Cael. 27, 65:

vitae,

end of life, latter end, Nep. Eum. 13; cf.:

vitae mortisque,

Vell. 2, 7, 1.—In plur.:

tristes exitus habuit consulatus,

Cic. Brut. 34, 128: eae causae sunt plenissimae, quae plurimos exitus dant ad ejusmodi degressionem, outlets, i. e. opportunities, id. de Or. 2, 77, 312: habent exitus aut in a aut in e, etc., Varr. L. L. 10, § 62 Müll.—

In partic., end of life, end, death:

natura ad humanum exitum (Romulum) abripuit,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16 fin.:

duravere usque ad Sejani exitum,

Plin. 8, 58, 74, § 197; Amm. 14, 11:

exitus in dubio est,

Ov. M. 12, 522:

Thrasymachi,

Juv. 7, 204:

saevus et illum exitus eripuit,

id. 10, 127; 271.—In plur.:

nonnumquam bonos exitus habent boni,

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

non igitur fatales exitus habuerunt,

id. Div. 2, 9, 24.—

A means, method, way, device, solution of a difficulty:

cum autem exitus ab utroque datur conturbato errantique regi,

Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

non solum viam quaestus invenerunt, verum etiam exitum ac rationem defensionis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190:

jam nullum fortunis communibus exitum reperietis,

id. Dom. 47, 123.—

Issue, result, event, i. q. eventus:

si mihi alterutrum de eventu atque exitu rerum promittendum est,

Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 5:

in unum exitum spectare,

id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

videtur ad exitum venisse quaestio,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 1, 3:

neque exitum legis esse in meretrice publicanda,

i. e. the law would be without proper effect, id. Inv. 2, 40, 118, v. the context:

de exitu rerum sentire,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52 fin.:

incerto etiam nunc exitu victoriae,

id. ib. 7, 62, 6:

de exitu fortunarum suarum consultabant,

id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 3; and:

prudens futuri temporis exitum Caliginosa nocte premit deus,

events, Hor. C. 3, 29, 29: ut quae rei publicae polliceremur, exitu praestaremus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3:

exitum rei imponere,

Liv. 37, 19, 1:

quaestiones ad exitum perductae,

id. 40, 19, 10:

ad exitum spei pervenire,

accomplishment, id. 5, 12, 4; so,

serae exitum spei exspectare,

id. 5, 6, 2:

sine exitu esse,

without result, id. 32, 40, 3.—In plur.:

fortasse haec omnia meliores habebunt exitus,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

quae (responsa haruspicum) aut nullos habuerint exitus aut contrarios,

id. Div. 2, 24, 52:

Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 34; cf.:

(fortuna) Belli secundos reddidit exitus,

id. ib. 4, 14, 38.—Prov.:

exitus acta probat,

the event justifies the deed, Ov. H. 2, 85.

haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n. [etym. dub.], to hang or hold fast, to hang, stick, cleave, cling, adhere, be fixed, sit fast, remain close to any thing or in any manner (class. and very freq., esp. in the trop. sense; cf. pendeo); usually constr. with in, the simple abl. or absol., less freq. with dat., with ad, sub, ex, etc.

Lit.:

ut videamus, terra penitusne defixa sit, et quasi radicibus suis haereat, an media pendeat?

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 122; so,

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

linguam ad radices ejus haerens excipit stomachus,

id. N. D. 2, 54, 135:

scalarum gradus male haerentes,

holding, adhering, id. Fam. 6, 7, 3; cf.:

haerent parietibus scalae,

Verg. A. 2, 442:

haerere in equo,

sit fast, keep his seat, Cic. Deiot. 10, 28;

for which: nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 55:

male laxus In pede calceus haeret,

id. S. 1, 3, 32; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 144:

haeret nonnumquam telum illud occultum,

id. 9, 2, 75:

pugnus in mala haeret,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 17:

haesitque in corpore ferrum,

Verg. A. 11, 864;

for which: tergo volucres haesere sagittae,

id. ib. 12, 415; cf.:

scindat haerentem coronam crinibus,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 27; and:

haerentem capiti cum multa laude coronam,

id. S. 1, 10, 49:

carinae,

Ov. M. 8, 144:

alae,

id. ib. 12, 570:

(fames) utero haeret meo,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 16:

haeret pede pes,

Verg. A. 10, 361:

ubi demisi retem atque hamum, quicquid haesit, extraho,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 45; cf.:

os devoratum fauce cum haereret lupi,

Phaedr. 1, 8, 4; and:

graves currus illuvie et voraginibus haerebant,

Curt. 8, 4:

classis in vado haerebat,

id. 9, 19:

haerentes adverso litore naves,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 205:

gremioque in Jasonis haerens,

Ov. M. 7, 66; cf.:

haeret in complexu liberorum,

Quint. 6, 1, 42;

for which: Avidisque amplexibus haerent,

Ov. M. 7, 143;

cupide in Veneris compagibus haerent,

Lucr. 4, 1113;

for which: validis Veneris compagibus haerent,

id. 4, 1204; and:

(anulus) caecis in eo (lapide) compagibus haesit,

id. 6, 1016:

communibus inter se radicibus haerent,

id. 3, 325; 5, 554:

foliis sub omnibus haerent (Somnia),

Verg. A. 6, 284:

gladius intra vaginam suam haerens,

Quint. 8 praef. §

15: ipse inter media tela hostium evasit. Duo turmae haesere,

i. e. failed to break through, Liv. 29, 33, 7:

alii globo illati haerebant,

id. 22, 5, 5.—

Prov.

Haerere in luto, i. e. to be in trouble, difficulty:

tali in luto haerere,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 66 (for [p. 838] which:

nunc homo in medio luto est,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 28); cf. haesito, I.—In salebra: proclivi currit oratio: venit ad extremum: haeret in salebra, runs aground, i. e. is at a loss, Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84.—In a like sense,

Aqua haeret, the water (in the waterclock) stops; v. aqua.

Trop.

In gen., to hold fast, remain attached or fixed, to keep firm, adhere:

improbis semper aliqui scrupus in animis haereat,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16; cf.:

infixus animo haeret dolor,

id. Phil. 2, 26, 64:

haerent infixi pectore vultus,

Verg. A. 4, 4:

haerere in memoria,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

quae mihi in visceribus haerent,

i. e. firmly impressed upon my heart, memory, id. Att. 6, 1, 8; and:

in medullis populi Romani ac visceribus haerere,

id. Phil. 1, 15, 36:

mihi haeres in medullis,

id. Fam. 15, 16, 2:

in omnium gentium sermonibus ac mentibus semper haerere,

id. Cat. 4, 10, 22:

hi in oculis haerebunt,

i. e. will be always present, id. Phil. 13, 3, 5:

in te omnis haeret culpa,

adheres, cleaves, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 32:

ut peccatum haereat, non in eo, qui monuerit, sed in eo, qui non obtemperarit,

Cic. Div. 1, 16, 30.—With dat.:

potest hoc homini huic haerere peccatum?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 17:

quod privatarum rerum dedecus non haeret infamiae (tuae)?

id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

in quo (Caelio) crimen non haerebat,

id. Cael. 7, 15:

neque (possit) haerere in tam bona causa tam acerba injuria,

id. Fam. 6, 5, 2: cum ante illud facetum dictum emissum haerere debeat, quam cogitari potuisse videatur, must have hit (the figure being that of an arrow shot from the bow), id. de Or. 2, 54, 219: in quos incensos ira vitamque domini desperantes cum incidisset, haesit in iis poenis, quas, etc., fell into, incurred those penalties (the figure is that of a bird which is limed, caught), id. Mil. 21, 56:

nec dubie repetundarum criminibus haerebant,

Tac. A. 4, 19: in hoc flexu quasi aetatis fama adolescentis paulum haesit ad metas, hung back, was caught (the figure being taken from the race-course), Cic. Cael. 31, 75;

v. meta: neu quid medios intercinat actus, Quod non proposito conducat et haereat apte,

i. e. fits, suits, Hor. A. P. 195.—

In partic.

With the idea of nearness predominating, to keep near or close to a person, to join or attach one's self to, to follow (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

perfice hoc Precibus, pretio, ut haeream in parte aliqua tandem apud Thaidem,

may keep about her, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 25; cf.:

ego illum audivi in amorem haerere apud nescio quam fidicinam,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 7:

haeres ad latus, omnia experiris,

Cat. 21, 6:

Antorem comitem, qui missus ab Argis, Haeserat Evandro,

Verg. A. 10, 780:

obtinenti Africam comes haeserat,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 2; Quint. 1, 2, 10:

Curtius Nicia (grammaticus) haesit Cn. Pompeio et C. Memmio,

Suet. Gramm. 14.— Poet.:

haeremus cuncti superis, temploque tacente Nil facimus non sponte deo,

cling to, depend on, Luc. 9, 573.—Hence,

In a bad sense: in tergis, tergis, in tergo, to hang upon one's rear, i. e. to pursue closely:

haerebit in tergis fugientium victor,

Curt. 4, 15 fin.:

se cum exercitu tergis eorum haesurum,

Tac. H. 4, 19:

Haerens in tergo Romanus,

Liv. 1, 14 11 Weissenb. (better than terga, the lect. vulg.).—

With the idea of duration in time predominating, to remain fixed, to abide or continue anywhere, to keep at, stick to any thing (class.):

metui, ne haereret hic (Athenis),

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 49:

in obsidione castelli exigui,

Curt. 5, 3, 4:

circa muros unius urbis,

id. 4, 4; cf.:

circa libidines,

Suet. Aug. 71: volitare in foro, haerere in jure ac praetorum tribulibus, to go loitering or dangling about, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 173: et siccis vultus in nubibus haerent, hang upon, i. e. remain long looking at, Luc. 4, 331; cf.:

vultus, dum crederet, haesit,

id. 9, 1036:

haerere in eadem commorarique sententia,

Cic. Or. 40, 137; cf.:

mea ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut boni quod habeat, id amplectar, ibi habitem, ibi haeream,

id. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

quonam modo ille in bonis haerebit et habitabit suis?

id. Or. 15, 49:

equidem in libris haereo,

id. Att. 13, 40, 2; cf.:

valde in scribendo haereo,

id. ib. 13, 39, 2:

plurima sunt, nitidis maculam haesuram figentia rebus,

lasting, durable, Juv. 14, 2.—

With the idea of hindrance to free motion predominating, to stick fast, be brought to a stand-still, to be embarrassed, perplexed, at a loss, to hesitate, to be suspended or retarded (class.).

Of persons:

haerebat nebulo: quo se verteret, non habebat,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74; cf.:

haerebat in tabulis publicis reus et accusator,

id. Clu. 31, 86:

cogitate in his iniquitatibus unum haesisse Apollonium: ceteros profecto multos ex his incommodis pecunia se liberasse,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 23:

in multis nominibus,

id. N. D. 3, 24, 62:

in media stultitia,

id. Tusc. 3, 28, 70; cf.:

isti physici raro admodum, cum haerent aliquo loco, exclamant, abstrusa esse omnia, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 14:

in quo etiam Democritus haeret,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 20:

at in altero illo, inquit, haeres. Immo habeo tibi gratiam. Haererem enim, nisi tu me expedisses,

id. Pis. 30, 74:

in ceteris subvenies, si me haerentem videbis,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 16:

quid machiner? quid comminiscar? haereo,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 17; id. Merc. 3, 4, 15; 4, 3, 38; 24; cf.:

aut quia non firmus rectum defendis et haeres,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 26:

haesit circa formas litterarum (puer),

Quint. 1, 1, 21; cf. id. 1, 7, 35:

haeres et dubitas,

Juv. 3, 135; 6, 281.—

Of things:

nunc homo in lutost. Nomen nescit: haeret haec res,

i. e. is perplexing, cannot be explained, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 28; id. Amph. 2, 2, 182; id. Trin. 4, 2, 59; cf.: occisa est haec res;

haeret hoc negotium,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 8:

nec umquam tanta fuerit loquendi facultas, ut non titubet atque haereat, quotiens ab animo verba dissentiunt,

Quint. 12, 1, 29:

Hectoris Aeneaeque manu victoria Graiūm Haesit,

i. e. was retarded, Verg. A. 11, 290; cf.:

constitit hic bellum fortunaque Caesaris haesit,

Luc. 7, 547:

cum in hac difficultate rerum consilium haereret,

Liv. 26, 36, 1.

in-cōnīvens (also inconnīvens), entis, adj. [2. in-conniveo], that does not close the eyes (late Lat.).

Lit.:

stare solitus Socrates dicitur,

Gell. 2, 1, 2.—

Trop., of the eye, that does not close, unclosing:

justitiae oculus,

Amm. 29, 2, 20. [p. 927]

in-cōnīvens (also inconnīvens), entis, adj. [2. in-conniveo], that does not close the eyes (late Lat.).

Lit.:

stare solitus Socrates dicitur,

Gell. 2, 1, 2.—

Trop., of the eye, that does not close, unclosing:

justitiae oculus,

Amm. 29, 2, 20. [p. 927]

lūmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. from lucmen, from the root luc; v. luceo], light.

Lit.: quasi lumen de suo lumine accendat, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Fragm. v. 388 Vahl.):

solis,

Cic. Div. 2, 42, 91:

tabulas bene pictas conlocare in bono lumine,

id. Brut. 75, 261:

solare,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 37:

lumina solis,

the sunbeams, Lucr. 2, 162.—

Transf.

A light, a source of light, a lamp, torch:

lumine apposito,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

diurnum,

the morning-star, Lucr. 4, 455; Liv. 29, 25:

lumini oleum instillare,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 36:

luminibus accensis,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65:

multa lumina nocte tuli,

Tib. 1, 10 (9), 42.—

Brightness, splendor, gleam ( poet.):

ferri,

Stat. Th. 9, 802; Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 94.—

A bright color ( poet.): flaventia lumina calthae, Col. poët. 10, 97; 9, 4.—

Daylight, day ( poet.): si te secundo lumine hic offendero, Moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 302 Vahl.):

lumine quarto,

Verg. A. 6, 356; cf.: eos hostes, urbes agrosque eorum... lumine supero privetis, Vet. Form. ap. Macr. S. 3, 9, 11. —

The light of life, life ( poet.):

lumen linque,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 12:

lumine adempto,

Lucr. 3, 1033; Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 45.—

The light of the eye, the eye (mostly poet.):

luminibus amissis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

astantes lumine torvo Aetnaeos fratres,

Verg. A. 3, 677:

fossis lumen abire genis, Ov P. 2, 8, 66: acuentes lumina rutae,

id. R. Am. 801:

lumina defixa tenere in gremio,

id. H 21, 113:

lumina flectere,

id. M. 5, 232: parcite luminibus, close or turn away the eyes, Tib. 1, 2, 33:

lumina sera dextra componere,

to close one's eyes, Val. Fl. 3, 279.—Fig.:

Romani imperii lumen,

Vell. 2, 52, 3:

reipublicae lumen et caput,

id. 2, 99, 1.—

The pupil of the eye, Veg. Vet. 2, 16.—

An opening through which light can penetrate, a light, Val. Fl. 1, 168; Vitr. 4, 6.— An airhole, air-shaft, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57.— A window:

stabula non egeant septentrionis luminibus,

Pall. 1, 21:

obserare lumina,

App. M. 2, p 125: altius aedes non tollendi, ne luminibus vicini officiatur, Gai Inst. 2, 31:

immittere lumina,

to put in windows, Dig. 7, 1, 13.—

In plur., the light in a building:

ne quid altius exstruendo, aut arborem ponendo, lumina cujusquam obscuriora fiant,

Dig. 8, 2, 14:

cum M. Buculeius aedes L. Fufio venderet, in mancipio lumina, uti tum essent, ita recepit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179.—Hence, se luminibus ejus esse obstructurum, to obstruct the light by building, Cic. pro Dom. 44, 115.—

The opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel, Front. Aquaed. 27; 29; 36; 105.—

The light in pictures, in opp. to the shade:

invenit lumen atque umbras,

Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; Plin. Ep. 3, 13.—

Trop.

A light, i. e. a most distinguished person or thing, an ornament, glory, luminary:

clarissimis viris interfectis lumina civitatis exstincta sunt,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 24:

certis dicendi luminibus ornare orationem,

id. de Or. 2, 27, 119:

animi, ingenii consiliique tui,

id. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

probitatis et virtutis,

id. Lael. 8, 27: est corporis macula, naevus;

illi tamen hoc lumen videbatur,

i. e. a beautyspot, id. N. D. 1, 28, 79: luminibus alicujus obstruere or officere, to obscure one's glory or reputation, id. Brut. 17, 66.—

Light, clearness, perspicuity:

ordo est maxime, qui memoriae lumen affert,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353:

oratio adhibere lumen rebus debet,

id. ib. 3, 13, 50: nunc parvulos nobis dedit (natura) igniculos, quos celeriter... sic restinguimus, [p. 1085] ut nusquam naturae lumen adpareat, id. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

nec mentis quasi luminibus officit altitudo fortunae,

id. Rab. Post. 16, 43.—

Merit, excellence, beauty of style:

Origines (Catonis) quod lumen eloquentiae non habent?

Cic. Brut. 17, 66;

so in the pun: Catonis luminibus obstruere,

id. ib.; cf. I. B. 7. 8. supra.—

Ornaments of style:

at sunt qui haec excitatoria lumina a componendis orationibus excludenda arbitrentur,

Quint. 12, 10, 49; 8, 5, 29:

orationis,

id. 8, 5, 34:

lumina sententiarum,

id. 9, 2, 202.

occlūdo, si, sum, 3 ( sync. form occlusti for occlusisti, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 151.—Collat. form occlaudo, Cod. Th. 11, 24, 1), v. a. [obclaudo], to shut or close up.

Lit. (class.):

FORES OCLVDITO, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, p. 72: occlude ostium: et ego hinc occludam,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 78:

januam,

id. ib. 2, 2, 14:

aedes,

id. Am. 4, 1, 10; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 14:

tabernas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 144; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

furax servus, cui domi nihil sit nec obsignatum nec occlusum,

id. de Or. 2, 61, 248: ego occlusero fontem, Att. ap. Non. 139, 8:

me non excludet ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 108.—

Transf., to restrain, stop: linguam, i. e. to prevent from speaking (ante-class.):

occlusti linguam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 151; id. Mil. 3, 1, 10:

aures,

to close, shut, App. M. 9, p. 628 Oud.:

os,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 9, 55:

libidinem,

to restrain, Ter. And. 3, 3, 25.—Hence, occlūsus ( obcl-), a, um, P. a., shut or closed up.—Comp.:

qui occlusiorem habeant stultiloquentiam,

they would keep their foolish talk more to themselves, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 185.— Sup.:

ostium occlusissimum,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 15 (dub.; Fleck. oculissumum).

ob-dūco, xi, ctum ( inf. perf. sync. obduxe, Arg. ad Plaut. Merc. 7), 3, v. a., to lead or draw before, lead or conduct against or towards, to draw or bring forward or around, draw over (class. and very freq.; syn.: obtendo, obtego).

Lit.:

ad oppidum exercitum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 13: vim Gallicam obduc contra in acie, Att. ap. Non. 224, 13:

Curium,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2: ab utroque latere collis transversam fossam obduxit, drew forward, drew, made, or extended a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

vela,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 21: vestem, to draw on or over, Tac. A. 4, 70; Curt. 6, 5, 27:

seram,

to draw, close, fasten, Prop. 5, 5, 48:

callum,

to draw over, Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 3.—

Transf.

To cover by drawing over; to cover over, overspread, surround, envelop:

trunci obducuntur libro, aut cortice,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

operimento,

id. Leg. 2, 22, 56; Verg. E. 1, 49:

vultus, of the sun,

Ov. M. 2, 330:

caput,

Luc. 9, 109:

semina cortice,

Plin. 19, 7, 36, § 119:

obducta cicatrix,

a closed, healed scar, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 4; Curt. 8, 10, 31:

obductā nocte,

overcast, cloudy, dark, Nep. Hann. 5, 2; Curt. 8, 13, 25.—

To close, shut up ( poet.):

obducta penetralia Phoebi,

Luc. 5, 67:

fores,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1548. mors oculos coepit obducere, Petr. S. 19.—

To draw in, drink down, swallow:

venenum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

potionem,

Sen. Prov. 3, 12: pultarium mulsi, to drink up, Petr. 42.—

To swallow up, overwhelm:

uti eos, eum exercitum, eos hostes, eosque homines, urbes agrosque eorum... obducatis (an imprecation to the gods below),

Macr. S. 3, 9, 10.—

To contract, wrinkle, knit the brow:

obductā solvatur fronte senectus,

Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

frontem,

Juv. 9, 2:

vultum,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 5.—

To injure, harm (late Lat.):

stomachum,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 2, 28.—

To bring home in opposition or rivalry to another:

eum putat uxor sibi Obduxe scortum,

Plaut. Merc. Arg. 1, 7.—

Trop.

To draw or spread over: obsidionem, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 198 Müll. (Trag. v. 11 Vahl.):

clarissimis rebus tenebras obducere,

i. e. to darken, obscure, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 16:

paulatim tenebris sese obducentibus,

Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 143.—

Transf.

To cover, conceal:

obductus verbis dolor,

Verg. A. 10, 64:

obductos rescindere luctus,

Ov. M. 12, 543:

rei publicae obducere cicatricem,

Cic. Leg. Agr. 3, 2, 4.—

Qs., to draw out, i. e. to pass, spend time:

itaque obduxi posterum diem,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1.

ob-saepĭo ( ob-sēpĭo), psi, ptum, 4 (old form obsipio, Caecil. ap. Diom. p. 378 P.), v. a., to hedge or fence in, to enclose; hence, transf., to close up, to render impassable or inaccessible (class.; syn.: obstruo, oppilo).

Lit.: NEQVE QVIS IN EO LOCO QVID OPPONIT, MOLIT, OBSEPIT, FIGIT, etc., S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 129:

ubi illum saltum video obsaeptum,

Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 35; cf.:

obsaeptis itineribus,

Liv. 25, 29; v. Drak. ad Liv. 39, 1, 5:

mox iter, apertis, quae vetustas obsaepserat, pergit,

had rendered impassable, Tac. A. 15, 27:

obsaepta viarum,

impassable roads, Sil. 12, 110.—

Trop., to close or bar up:

haec omnia tibi accusandi viam muniebant, adipiscendi obsaepiebant,

Cic. Mur. 23, 48; cf.

id. Scaur. § 40: plebi iter ad curules magistratus obsaepsit,

Liv. 9, 34; 4, 25:

obsaepta diutinā servitute ora reseramus,

Plin. Pan. 66.

ob-saepĭo ( ob-sēpĭo), psi, ptum, 4 (old form obsipio, Caecil. ap. Diom. p. 378 P.), v. a., to hedge or fence in, to enclose; hence, transf., to close up, to render impassable or inaccessible (class.; syn.: obstruo, oppilo).

Lit.: NEQVE QVIS IN EO LOCO QVID OPPONIT, MOLIT, OBSEPIT, FIGIT, etc., S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 129:

ubi illum saltum video obsaeptum,

Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 35; cf.:

obsaeptis itineribus,

Liv. 25, 29; v. Drak. ad Liv. 39, 1, 5:

mox iter, apertis, quae vetustas obsaepserat, pergit,

had rendered impassable, Tac. A. 15, 27:

obsaepta viarum,

impassable roads, Sil. 12, 110.—

Trop., to close or bar up:

haec omnia tibi accusandi viam muniebant, adipiscendi obsaepiebant,

Cic. Mur. 23, 48; cf.

id. Scaur. § 40: plebi iter ad curules magistratus obsaepsit,

Liv. 9, 34; 4, 25:

obsaepta diutinā servitute ora reseramus,

Plin. Pan. 66.

occlūdo, si, sum, 3 ( sync. form occlusti for occlusisti, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 151.—Collat. form occlaudo, Cod. Th. 11, 24, 1), v. a. [obclaudo], to shut or close up.

Lit. (class.):

FORES OCLVDITO, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, p. 72: occlude ostium: et ego hinc occludam,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 78:

januam,

id. ib. 2, 2, 14:

aedes,

id. Am. 4, 1, 10; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 14:

tabernas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 144; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

furax servus, cui domi nihil sit nec obsignatum nec occlusum,

id. de Or. 2, 61, 248: ego occlusero fontem, Att. ap. Non. 139, 8:

me non excludet ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 108.—

Transf., to restrain, stop: linguam, i. e. to prevent from speaking (ante-class.):

occlusti linguam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 151; id. Mil. 3, 1, 10:

aures,

to close, shut, App. M. 9, p. 628 Oud.:

os,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 9, 55:

libidinem,

to restrain, Ter. And. 3, 3, 25.—Hence, occlūsus ( obcl-), a, um, P. a., shut or closed up.—Comp.:

qui occlusiorem habeant stultiloquentiam,

they would keep their foolish talk more to themselves, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 185.— Sup.:

ostium occlusissimum,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 15 (dub.; Fleck. oculissumum).

ŏpĕrĭo, ŭi, ertum, 4 (archaic fut. operibo: ego operibo caput, Pompon. ap. Non. 507, 33; imperf. operibat, Prop. 4, 12, 35), v. a. [pario, whence the opp. aperio, to uncover; cf. paro], to cover, cover over any thing (class.; syn.: tego, velo, induo).

Lit.

Operire capita, Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 34; cf.:

capite operto esse,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34:

operiri umerum cum toto jugulo,

Quint. 11, 3, 141; id. praef. § 24.—Esp., of clothing:

aeger multā veste operiendus est,

Cels. 3, 7 fin.; so in Vulg. Isa. 58, 7; id. Ezech. 18, 7 et saep.:

fons fluctu totus operiretur, nisi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:

summas amphoras auro et argento,

Nep. Hann. 9, 3:

mons nubibus,

Ov. P. 4, 5, 5:

(rhombos) quos operit glacies Maeotica,

Juv. 4, 42.—Comically: aliquem loris, to cover over, i. e. to lash soundly, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 28:

reliquias malae pugnae,

i. e. to bury, Tac. A. 15, 28:

operiet eos formido,

Vulg. Ezech. 7, 18; id. Jer. 3, 25.—

Transf., to shut, close (syn.:

claudo, praecludo, obsero): fores,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 1:

ostium,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 33:

iste opertā lecticā latus est,

Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 106: oculos, to shut, close (opp. patefacere), Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; cf.:

opertos compressosve (oculos),

Quint. 11, 2, 76.—

Trop.

To hide, conceal, keep from observation, dissemble:

quo pacto hoc operiam?

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 6 Bentl. (al. aperiam):

non in oratione operiendā sunt quaedam,

Quint. 2, 13, 12:

quotiens dictu deformia operit,

id. 8, 6, 59; cf. id. 5, 12, 18:

luctum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6:

domestica mala tristitia,

Tac. A. 3, 18.—

To overwhelm, burden, [p. 1268] as with shame, etc. (only in part. perf. pass.):

contumeliis opertus,

loaded, overwhelmed, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 111; cf.:

judicia operta dedecore et infamiā,

id. Clu. 22, 61:

infamiā,

Tac. H. 3, 69.—

Of sin, to atone for, cover, cause to be forgotten (eccl. Lat.):

qui converti fecerit peccatorem, operiet multitudinem peccatorum,

Vulg. Jac. 5, 20; id. 1 Pet. 4, 8.— ŏpertus, a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed (class.):

operta quae fuere, aperta sunt,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 9:

res,

Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 5:

operta bella,

Verg. G. 1, 465:

cineres,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 9:

hamum,

id. S. 1, 16, 50.—As subst.: ŏpertum, i, n., a secret place or thing, a secret; an ambiguous answer, dark oracle, etc.:

Apollinis operta,

the dark, ambiguous oracles, Cic. Div. 1, 50, 115:

telluris operta subire,

the depths, Verg. A. 6, 140: opertum Bonae Deae, the secret place or secret service, Cic. Par. 4, 2, 32:

litterarum,

a secret, Gell. 17, 9, 22.— Adv.: ŏpertē, covertly, figuratively (post-class.):

operte et symbolice,

Gell. 4, 11, 10.

praecĭpĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [praeceps], to throw or cast down headlong, to precipitate (class.; syn.. deicio, deturbo, proruo).

Lit.:

pilae in mare praecipitatae,

Nep. Alcib. 6 fin.:

truncas rupes in tecta domosque,

Stat. Th. 10, 881: currum scopulis, hurl or dash against, Ov. M. 15, 518:

pinus,

Stat. Achill. 2, 546.— Freq. with se or pass. in middle sense:

se e Leucade,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

se a tecto,

Sen. Ep. 4, 4:

se de turri,

Liv. 23, 37:

sese in fossas,

Caes. B. C. 3, 69:

praecipitasse se quosdam constabat (sc. de muro),

threw themselves from the wall, Liv. 23, 19, 6; Hor. S. 2, 3, 277:

plerique semet ipsi praecipitaverunt,

Liv. 21, 14, 1:

se in Tiberim,

id. 4, 12, 11; Caes. B. G. 4, 15; Curt. 4, 16, 16; 6, 6, 32;

Auct. B. Alex. 18: ubi Nilus praecipitans se fragore auditum accolis aufert,

Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 118:

praecipitare volens etiam pulcherrima,

to throw overboard, Juv. 12, 38.—Mid.:

cum alii super vallum praecipitarentur,

threw themselves down, Sall. J. 58, 6; Ov. F. 4, 164; id. M. 7, 760; 11, 556:

lux Praecipitatur aquis,

sinks in the ocean, sets, id. ib. 4, 92; cf.:

hac te praecipitato,

run this way, for life! Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 36.— Absol.: si quando iis (parvis) ludentes minamur, praecipitaturos alicunde, extimescunt, that we will throw them down from any place (= nos eos dejecturos), Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31.—

Transf., in gen., to bend a thing down:

vitem,

Cato, R. R. 32, 2:

partem (vitis),

Col. 4, 20, 4:

palmitem,

id. 5, 6, 33.—

Trop.

To throw, hurl, or cast down, to precipitate: [p. 1414] praecipitari ex altissimo dignitatis gradu, Cic. Dom. 37, 98; cf.:

in tanta mala praeeipitatus ex patrio regno,

Sall. J. 14, 23.— Esp. with reflex. pron.:

semet ipse praecipitare,

to hasten to ruin, destroy one's self, Sall. J. 41, 9:

se in exitium,

Cels. 3, 21:

se in insidias,

Liv. 3, 18, 7 dub. (Madv. omits se):

furor iraque mentem Praecipitant,

carry away, urge onward, sway violently, Verg. A. 2, 317:

spem festinando praecipitare,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 140:

in senectam praecipitare,

to cause to grow old prematurely, Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 94:

quosdam praecipitat subjecta potentia magnae Invidiae,

Juv. 10, 56.—In pass., Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43: nox praecipitata, declining, i. e. drawing to a close, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 47; cf.: aetas praecipitata (opp. adulescens), declining age, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5.—

To hasten, hurry a thing (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quae Praecipitent obitum,

hasten their setting, Cic. Arat. 349:

vindemiam,

Col. 3, 21, 10:

consulta viri,

Sil. 3, 166:

ne praecipitetur editio,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 2:

consilia raptim praecipitata,

precipitate, Liv. 31, 32.— Poet.:

moras,

i. e. exchange delay for haste, Verg. A. 8, 443; 12, 699:

Tiphyn pelago parari praecipitat,

Val. Fl. 2, 390:

cursum,

Juv. 15, 78.—

With acc. and inf., to hasten, press, urge to do any thing ( poet.):

dare tempus Praecipitant curae,

Verg. A. 11, 3:

si praecipitant miserum cognoscere curae,

Stat. Th. 1, 679. —

Neutr., to hasten or rush down, to throw one's self down, rush headlong, sink rapidly, to fall (class., but only of involuntary falling; cf. I. A.).

Lit.:

praecipitare istuc quidem est, non descendere,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

de montibus altis ad terram,

Lucr. 4, 1021:

ubi Nilus praecipitat ex altissimis montibus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 19; cf.:

Fibrenus... statim praecipitat in Lirem,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6: and:

in amni praecipitante,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

nimbi In vada praecipitant,

Verg. A. 9, 670; 11, 617:

in fossam,

Liv. 25, 11, 6; 7, 6, 9; 38, 2, 14;

39, 2, 3: in insidias,

id. 2, 51; 5, 18; Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 82:

non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas?

Verg. A. 4, 565:

sol praecipitans,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

jam nox caelo Praecipitat,

is sinking, draws to a close, Verg. A. 2, 9:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

had closed, come to an end, Caes. B. C. 3, 25.—

Trop.

To fall down, to fall, rush, or sink to ruin:

qui in amorem Praecipitavit, pejus perit quam si saxo saliat,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31:

praecipitantes impellere, certe est inhumanum,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; so,

praecipitantem impellamus,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

ubi non subest, quo praecipitet ac decidat,

he may tumble down, id. Rep. 1, 45, 69:

praecipitante re publicā,

id. Sull. 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 31, 87; and:

cum ad Cannas praecipitasset Romana res,

Liv. 27, 40:

ad exitium praecipitans,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 7.—

To be too hasty:

cum vitiosum sit adsentiri quicquam aut falsum aut incognitum, sustinenda est potius omnis adsensio, ne praecipitet, si temere processerit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.—Hence, praecĭpĭ-tanter, adv., hastily, precipitately:

agens mannos ad villam,

Lucr. 3, 1063.

prae-clūdo, si, sum, 3, v. a. [claudo], to shut in front, hence, in gen., to shut to, to close (class.).

Lit.:

portas praeclusit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19 fin.:

praecludere portas consuli,

id. ib. 3, 12:

fores,

Prop. 2, 4 (5), 21:

portus classi,

Luc. 9, 39:

horrea,

Suet. Calig. 26 fin.:

via lapidum ruinā praeclusa,

blocked up, Suet. Oth. 8 fin. — Transf., with a personal object:

praeclusit cunctos negotiatores,

i. e. closed their shops, Suet. Ner. 32.—

Transf.

To close a thing to any one, i. e. to forbid access to:

omnem orbem terrarum civibus Romanis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 65, § 168:

maritimos cursus praecludebat hiemis magnitudo,

id. Planc. 40, 96:

sibi curiam,

id. Pis. 17, 40:

omnes sibi aditus misericordiae judicum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 21. —

To shut up or off, to hinder, stop, impede:

effugium alicui,

Lucr. 1, 973:

vocem alicui,

Liv. 33, 13, 5; cf.:

linguam cani, ne latret,

Phaedr. 1, 22, 5.

rĕ-condo, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a., to put up again, put back again; to lay up, put or stow away, hoard; to shut up, close; to hide, conceal, bury, etc. (cf.: abscondo, occulo, retrudo, abdo).

Lit.:

gladium cruentatum in vaginam recondidit,

put up again, sheathe, Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

gladium in vaginā,

id. Cat. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

cum Lepidus flammae vi e rogo ejectus recondi propter ardorem non potuisset,

put back again, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186: reliquias (ciborum) aliquo, * Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 78; cf.:

uvas in amphoras,

Col. 12, 16, 3:

uvas in vasis,

id. 12, 15 fin.:

victum tectis,

id. ib. prooem. §

12: Caecubum,

Hor. C. 3, 28, 2:

opes aerario,

Quint. 10, 3, 3:

frumentum in annos,

Col. 2, 20, 6: se, to bury one ' s self, Sen. Ep. 8, 1: se in locum, ex quo, etc., to hide one ' s self, Quint. 10, 3, 25:

quod celari opus erat, habebant sepositum et reconditum,

hid away, concealed, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 24; cf.:

nihil tam clausum neque tam reconditum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, §

40: recondita alia invenerunt,

Liv. 8, 18:

imo reconditus antro,

Ov. M. 1, 583; cf.

nube,

id. ib. 3, 273:

silvā,

id. ib. 4, 339; Flor. 1, 13, 11 Duk. (cf. Liv. 5, 51, 9 Drak., and v. the foll.).— Poet.: oculos, to close again (opp. erigere), Ov. M. 4, 146: avidā recondidit alvo, hid, i. e. swallowed, id. ib. 12, 17; cf.: cum subito Triton ore recondit aquam, sucks in, i. q. absorbet, Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 16:

ensem in pulmone,

to bury, sheathe, plunge, Verg. A. 10, 387; so,

gladium lateri,

Ov. M. 12, 482. —

Trop.:

mens alia visa sic arripit, ut his statim utatur, alia recondit, e quibus memoria oritur,

lays up, stores away, Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; cf.:

verba, vultus in crimen detorquens recondebat,

Tac. A. 1, 7 fin.;

and, odia,

id. ib. 1, 69 fin.:

Venerem interius recondere,

Verg. G. 3, 137:

quos fama obscura recondit,

id. A. 5, 302:

voluptates,

to keep secret, Tac. A. 4, 57:

in hoc me recondidi... ut prodesse pluribus possem,

went into retirement, Sen. Ep. 8, 1; cf.:

penitus quicquid arcani apparo, id Herc. Oet. 478: praecepta mea reconde,

Vulg. Prov. 7, 1.— Hence, rĕcondĭtus, a, um, P. a., put away, out of the way, hidden, concealed, retired, sequestered.

Lit.:

neque tabulis et signis propalam collocatis, sed his omnibus rebus constructis ac reconditis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161:

quid Aegyptus? ut occulte latet! ut recondita est!

id. Agr. 2, 16, 41; cf.

locus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 207; so,

saltus,

Cat. 34, 11:

venae auri argentique,

deep-lying, concealed, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

habemus senatus consultum, verum inclusum in tabulis, tamquam in vaginā reconditum,

id. Cat. 1, 2, 4.— Subst.: rĕcondĭtum, i, n., a secret place, Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 25.— Plur.: rĕ-condĭta, ōrum, n., remote, sequestered places: Pergami in occultis ac reconditis templi, * Caes. B. C. 3, 105, 4.—

Trop., hidden, profound, abstruse, recondite:

litterae,

Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42; cf.:

reconditae abstrusaeque res,

id. Brut. 11, 44;

and, reconditiora, opp. quae in promptu sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 10:

artes,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 8; cf. id. Off. 1, 27, 95:

causae,

Tac. Or. 28:

reconditae exquisitaeque sententiae,

profound, recondite, Cic. Brut. 97, 274: verba, unusual, August. ap. Suet. Aug. 86:

(natura) speciem ita formavit oris, ut in eā penitus reconditos mores effingeret,

concealed, hidden, Cic. Leg. 1, 9, 26; cf.:

Quinctius naturā tristi ac reconditā fuit,

of a reserved disposition, id. Quint. 18, 59.— Sup. and adv. do not occur.