to+cause+to+pass+through

δοξάζω (s. δόξα) impf. ἐδόξαζον; fut. δοξάσω; 1 aor. ἐδόξασα, impv. δόξασον; pf. 1 pl. δεδοξάκαμεν (Just., D. 1:4). Pass.: 1 aor. pass. ἐδοξάσθην; pf. pass. δεδόξασμαι J 17:10 (Xenophanes and Trag.+; LXX; pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Mel., P. 92, 692; Just and Ath. oft. ‘express an opinion’).

① to influence one’s opinion about another so as to enhance the latter’s reputation, praise, honor, extol (Thu. 3, 45, 4; Polyb. 6, 53, 10 δεδοξασμένοι ἐπʼ ἀρετῃ; OGI 168, 56 [115 B.C.]; cp. ViJer 2 [Sch. 71, 5]; LXX; EpArist; Jos., Ant. 4, 183) τινά someone Mt 6:2; oneself Rv 18:7 (cp. 2 below); the Father Mt 5:16; God (SibOr Fgm. 1, 21) 9:8; 15:31; Mk 2:12; Lk 5:25f; 7:16; 13:13; 17:15; 18:43; 23:47; Ac 11:18; 21:20; Ro 15:6, 9; 1 Pt 2:12; MPol 14:3; 19:2; AcPl Ha 6, 13; τ. κύριον 20:1; Hv 3, 4, 2; AcPl Ha 7, 24 (δόξαι pap, perh. = δοξάσαι). ἔν τινι in the person of someone Gal 1:24 (FNeugebauer, In Christus, etc. ’61, 43); cp. 1 Cor 6:20; ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι (μέρει v.l.) τούτῳ in this name (that of a Christian) 1 Pt 4:16. κατὰ δὲ ὑμᾶς δοξάζεται among you God’s spirit is honored 4:14 v.l. ἐπί τινι for, because of someth. (w. αἰνεῖν) Lk 2:20 (s. Polyb. above); Ac 4:21; διά τινος and ἐπί τινι 2 Cor 9:13; διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 4:11. W. εὐχαριστεῖν Ro 1:21 (the cardinal sin is not to be grateful for benefactions; reciprocity requires glorification of the benefactor, hence the freq. ref. in ins to the effect that one knows how to acknowledge benefits, e.g. IPriene 3, 26f; 6, 24–27); the name (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 19 Jac. [in Jos., Ant. 1, 160] τοῦ Ἀβράμου ἔτι κ. νῦν τὸ ὄνομα δοξάζεται=revered) of God Rv 15:4 (Ps 85:9); Hv 2, 1, 2; 3, 4, 3 (Just., D. 41, 3). τὸ ὄνομα the name, i.e. God’s, IPhld 10:1 (cp. POxy 924, 13 ἵνα τὸ ὄνομά σου ᾖ διὰ παντὸς δεδοξασμένον; PGM 36, 165). Of Christ Lk 4:15; IEph 2:2; ISm 1:1; Pol 8:2. τόν σε λυτρωσάμενον ἐκ θανάτου him who redeemed you fr. death B 19:2; someone’s love IPol 7:2. Abs.=praise God ITr 1:2. τὴν διακονίαν μου δοξάζω I take pride in my ministry or I take my assignment seriously Ro 11:13.—δοξάζεται μέλος a member is honored 1 Cor 12:26. δοξασθεὶς μεγάλως given high honors 1 Cl 17:5.

② to cause to have splendid greatness, clothe in splendor, glorify, of the glory that comes in the next life (s. δόξα 1c) Ac 3:13 (cp. Is 52:13); Ro 8:30; B 21:1; J 7:39; 12:16, 23, 28; 13:31, 32; 17:1, 5, 10. It is a favorite term in J (s. Thüsing et al. s.v. δόξα, end), in which the whole life of Jesus is depicted as a glorifying of the Son by the Father: J 8:54; 12:28; 13:31; 17:1, 4 (cp. GCaird, NTS 15, ’68/69, 265–77) and, at the same time, of the Father by the Son: 13:31f; 14:13; 17:1. The glorifying of the Son is brought about by the miracles which the Father has him perform 11:4 (cp. PGM 7, 501ff κυρία ῏Ισις, δόξασόν με, ὡς ἐδόξασα τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ υἱοῦ σου ῟Ωρος; IAndrosIsis, Kyme 40 [s. also Peek’s comm. p. 63] spoken by the deity: οὐδεὶς δοξάζεται ἄνευ τ. ἐμῆς γνώμης), through the working of the Paraclete 16:14 and through ‘his own’ 17:10, who also glorify the Father 15:8, esp. in martyrdom 21:19 (on δοξάζεσθαι ἐν 13:31f; 14:13; 15:8; 17:10 cp. Diod S 12, 36, 2; 16, 82, 7 ἐν συνέσει δεδοξασμένος; Sir 48:4; 1 Macc 2:64).—2 Cor 3:10; τὸν λόγον τοῦ κυρίου Ac 13:48; cp. 2 Th 3:1; B 6:16 (Is 49:5); IPol 8:1. χαρὰ δεδοξασμένη joy filled w. glory 1 Pt 1:8; Pol 1:3. οὐχ ἑαυτὸν ἐδόξασεν γενηθῆναι ἀρχιερέα he did not presume for himself the prestige of the high priesthood Hb 5:5.—On Rv 18:7 s. 1, above. δοξάζοντες J 11:31 v.l. Lit., s. δόξα, end, also ESelwyn, First Ep. of Peter ’46, 253–58.—DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. II p. 291. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ὑπό (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, TestSol; TestAbr A; TestAbr B 14 p. 148, 20 [Stone p. 84 gen.]; TestJob, Test12Patr, JosAs, ParJer, GrBar [gen.], ApcEsdr [gen.], ApcSed [gen.], ApcMos [gen.], AscIs [gen.], EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; apolog. [in Ath. only gen.]) prep. w. gen. and acc., in our lit. not w. dat. (s. B-D-F §203; Rob. 634; for usage s. B-D-F §232; Rob. 633–36; w. dat. TestSol 13:6 C; Just., D. 126, 5; 132, 2).—Lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.

A. w. gen. marker of agency or cause, by (in our lit. as well as the LXX no longer in a local sense)

ⓐ w. the pass. of a verb

α. w. gen. of pers. τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ κυρίου (cp. Gen 45:27; SIG 679, 85; Just., D. 44, 1 εἰρῆσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ; τὰ εἰρημένα ὑπὸ τῶν προφητῶν) Mt 1:22 (Jos., Ant. 8, 223 ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ τ. προφήτου; Just., A I, 5, 4 διὰ Σωκράτους ὑπὸ λόγου); 2:15. Cp. vs. 16; Mk 1:13; Lk 2:18; J 14:21; Ac 4:11; 1 Cor 1:11; 2 Cor 1:4; Gal 1:11; Eph 2:11; Phil 3:12; 1 Th 1:4; 1 Cl 12:2; 2 Cl 1:2; Hm 4, 3, 6 and oft.; AcPlCor 2:7. Also w. the pass. in the sense ‘allow oneself to be … by’ Mt 3:6, 13; Mk 1:5, 9.

β. w. gen. of thing (cp. X., An. 1, 5, 5 ὑπὸ λιμοῦ ἀπολέσθαι; Diod S 5, 54, 3 ὑπὸ σεισμῶν διεφθάρησαν; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 22 p. 342, 17 Jac. ὑπὸ φαρμακῶν διαφθαρείς; Appian, Liby. 35 §147 ὑπὸ τοῦ χειμῶνος κατήγοντο, Bell. Civ. 4, 123 §515; Longus 2, 18 a nose smashed ὑπὸ πληγῆς τινος; Herm. Wr. 10, 4b; Tat. 8, 5 ὑπὸ βραχείας αὔρας νικηθείς; UPZ 42, 9 [162 B.C.]) καλύπτεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων Mt 8:24. Cp. 11:7; 14:24; Lk 7:24; 8:14; Ac 27:41; Ro 3:21; 12:21; 1 Cor 10:29; 2 Cor 5:4; Col 2:18; Js 1:14; 3:4ab; 2 Pt 2:17; Jd 12; Rv 6:13; Hm 10, 1, 4.

ⓑ w. verbs and verbal expressions that have a pass. sense πάσχειν ὑπό τινος (Mel., P. 75, 546ff; s. πάσχω 3aβ; 3b) Mt 17:12; Mk 5:26; 1 Th 2:14ab. ὑπὸ χειρὸς ἀνθρώπων παθεῖν B 5:5 (cp. Mel., P. 96, 737 ὑπὸ δεξιᾶς Ἰσραηλίτιδος). ἀπολέσθαι 1 Cor 10:9f (Jos., Ant. 2, 300; cp. Sb 1209 Ἀπολλώνιος ἐτελεύτησεν ὑπὸ σκορπίου). ὑπομένειν ἀντιλογίαν Hb 12:3. τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν λαβεῖν 2 Cor 11:24. ἃ … παρέλαβον ὑπὸ τῶν … ἀποστόλων what I received from the apostles AcPlCor 2:2; ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀναστάς raised by God Pol 9:2. γίνεσθαι ὑπό τινος be done by someone (s. γίνομαι 2a) Lk 13:17; 23:8; Ac 20:3; 26:6; Eph 5:12. Cp. Ac 23:30 v.l. The text of GJs 18:3 (not pap) is suspect. W. ὑπὸ γυναικός Hv 1, 2, 3 someth. like ‘it was brought about’ is to be supplied.

ⓒ w. nouns ἡ ἐπιτιμία ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν πλειόνων the punishment at the hands of the majority 2 Cor 2:6 (cp. X., Cyr. 3, 3, 2 ἡ ὑπὸ πάντων τιμή; SIG 1157, 10 διὰ τὰς εὐεργεσίας τὰς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ; Esth 1:20 ὁ νόμος ὁ ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως).

ⓓ When used w. an act., ὑπό introduces the one through whose agency the action expressed by the verb becomes poss. (Hdt. 9, 98; Pla., Phlb. 66a ὑπʼ ἀγγέλων φράζειν=‘say through messengers’; cp. Herm. Wr. 9, 9 ὑπὸ δεισιδαιμονίας βλασφημεῖν; Just., D. 2, 6 ὑπὸ βλακείας ἤλπιζον αὐτίκα κατόψεσθαι τὸν θεόν=in my stupidity I thought that I would forthwith look upon God) ἀποκτεῖναι ὑπὸ τῶν θηρίων Rv 6:8. ὑπὸ ἀγγέλου βλέπεις you see under the guidance of an angel Hs 9, 1, 2b; cp. ibid. 2a and s. Mayser II/2, 511f; to the ref. there add PLeid XI, 1, col. 1, 15.

B. w. acc.

① a position below an object or another position, under, w. acc. of place under, below

ⓐ answering the question ‘whither?’ ἔρχεσθαι 1 Cl 16:17; Hs 8, 1, 1 (PsSol 18:7). εἰσέρχεσθαι ὑπὸ τὴν στέγην Mt 8:8 (cp. Ar. 15, 7 ὑπὸ στέγην εἰσάγουσιν); Lk 7:6. συνάγειν 1 Cl 12:6. ἐπισυνάγειν Mt 23:37; Lk 13:34. τιθέναι Mt 5:15; Mk 4:21ab; Lk 11:33. κρύπτειν (cp. Job 20:12) 1 Cl 12:3. Also (below) at κάθου ὑπὸ τὸ ὑποπόδιόν μου Js 2:3 (cp. ParJer 5:1 ἐκάθισεν ὑπὸ τὴν σκίαν; Just., D. 107, 3). ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας under the feet (Hdt. 7, 88, 1) 1 Cor 15:25, 27; Eph 1:22. ὁ θεὸς συντρίψει τὸν σατανᾶν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν God will crush Satan so that he will lie at your feet Ro 16:20.

ⓑ in answer to the question ‘where?’ (Il. 5, 267; Ael. Aristid. 39 p. 734 D.: τὰ ὑπὸ τὸν ἥλιον; Maximus Tyr. 35, 5b) Mk 4:32. ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν J 1:48. Cp. Ro 3:13 (Ps 13:3; 139:4); 1 Cor 10:1; Jd 6. ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν under heaven=on earth Ac 4:12; as adj. ὁ ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν (found) under heaven=on earth (Demosth. 18, 270; UPZ 106, 14 [99 B.C.] τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν χωρῶν; Just., A II, 5, 2; cp. without the art. PsSol 2:32; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 5 [Stone p. 40]) 2:5; Col 1:23; Hm 12, 4, 2; ἡ ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν (χώρα to be supplied; cp. Ex 17:14; Job 28:24) Lk 17:24a; cp. b. ὑπὸ ζυγὸν δοῦλοι (ζυγός 1) 1 Ti 6:1.

② marker of that which is in a controlling position, under, under the control of, under obligation in ref. to power, rule, sovereignty, command, etc. w. acc. (OGI 56, 13 [237 B.C.] ὑπὸ τὴν βασιλείαν τασσόμενοι; PHib 44 [253 B.C.] et al. in pap; Just., D. 52, 4 εἶναι … ὑπὸ ἴδιον βασιλέα) ἄνθρωπος ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος (ἐξουσία 4) Lk 7:8a; cp. Mt 8:9a; Hs 1:3 (Vett. Val. 209, 35 ὑπὸ ἑτέρων ἐξουσίαν ὄντας). ἔχων ὑπʼ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας (Polyb. 4, 87, 9 Μεγαλέαν ὑφʼ αὐτὸν εἶχεν) Mt 8:9b; Lk 7:8b (OGI 86, 11 [III B.C.] οἱ ὑπʼ αὐτὸν τεταγμένοι στρατιῶται). ὑπό τινα εἶναι be under someone’s power (Thu. 6, 86, 4; PSI 417, 36 [III B.C.] ὑπὸ τὸν ὅρκον εἶναι) Gal 3:25; 4:2; ὑφʼ ἁμαρτίαν Ro 3:9; ὑπὸ νόμον 6:14, 15 (both opp. ὑπὸ χάριν); 1 Cor 9:20abcd; Gal 4:21; 5:18; ὑπὸ κατάραν 3:10. ὑπὸ νόμον ἐφρουρούμεθα vs. 23. γενόμενος ὑπὸ νόμον Gal 4:4 (γινομαι 9d and Thu. 1, 110, 2 Αἴγυπτος ὑπὸ βασιλέα ἐγένετο). ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι vs. 3. συνέκλεισεν ἡ γραφὴ τὰ πάντα ὑπὸ ἁμαρτίαν 3:22 (s. συγκλείω 2). πεπραμένος ὑπὸ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν Ro 7:14. ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Pt 5:6 (s. ταπεινόω 3); cp. οὐκ ἔκλινας τὴν κεφαλήν σου ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖραν GJs 15:4; τὸ αἷμά σου ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖράν μού ἐστιν 23:2. οἱ ὑπὸ νόμον those who are under (the power of, obligation to) the law Gal 4:5 (Just., D. 45, 3 [w. art.]; cp. X., Cyr. 3, 3, 6 τινὰς τῶν ὑφʼ ἑαυτούς).

③ marker of the approximate time of a period, about w. acc. (w. varying degrees of precision: in earlier Gk.: Aristoph et al.; PTebt 50, 18 [112 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 420. Rare in LXX and our lit.) ὑπὸ τὸν ὄρθρον about daybreak Ac 5:21 (s. ὄρθρος).

④ Special uses

ⓐ ὑφʼ ἕν at one stroke (Epict. 3, 22, 33; Wsd 12:9; Just., D. 65, 3 of topics treated ‘collectively’) B 4:4. ὑπὸ χεῖρα continually (see s.v. χείρ 3) Hv 3, 10, 7; 5, 5; m 4, 3, 6.

ⓑ ὑπὸ τὰ ἴχνη IEph 12:2 is translated in the footsteps. Can ὑπό mean this, someth. like Ezk 13:8 (ed. JZiegler ’52 v.l.), where it stands for עַל? But if it = ‘under’, then τὰ ἴχνη would require a different interpretation. See ἴχνος 2. S. the grammarians: Kühner-Gerth II/1 521–26; Schwyzer II 522–23; Mayser II/2 509–15; Radermacher 114–19.—DELG. M-M.

1 blow (impacto).

me di un golpe en la rodilla I banged my knee

tengo un golpe en el brazo I've banged my arm

el coche tiene un golpe en la puerta the car door has a dent in it

moler a alguien a golpes to beat somebody up

un golpe bajo (sport) a blow below the belt; a low blow (figurative)

golpe de castigo penalty (kick) (en rugby)

golpe franco free kick

2 blow (disgusto).

3 raid, job (holdup).

dar un golpe to do a job

4 witticism (ocurrencia).

5 shot.

6 ictus.

7 coup.

8 pocket, hill drop.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 blow, knock (puñetazo) punch

■ le dio un golpe he hit him

2 (de coche) collision; (fuerte) bang; (ligero) bump

3 figurado (desgracia) blow, misfortune

■ su muerte fue un duro golpe para nosotros his death was a great blow to us

4 (gracia) witticism, sally

■ aunque parece serio tiene golpes muy buenos he may seem rather serious, but he's really good crack

5 familiar (robo) hold-up, robbery

6 (militar) coup

\

a golpes by force

al primer golpe de vista at first glance

de golpe / de golpe y porrazo suddenly, all of a sudden

de un golpe all at once, in one go

errar el golpe to miss

no dar golpe / no pegar ni golpe familiar not to lift a finger, not do a blessed thing

parar el golpe to soften the blow

golpe bajo figurado punch below the belt

golpe de efecto dramatic move

golpe de Estado coup, coup d'état

golpe de fortuna stroke of luck

golpe de gracia coup de grâce

golpe de mano surprise attack

golpe de vista quick glance

golpe franco (fútbol) free kick

golpe maestro masterstroke

golpe mortal death blow, fatal blow

* * *

1) blow

2) knock

3) stroke

•

- de golpe

* * *

1) (=impacto) hit, knock; (=choque) shock, clash; (=encuentro) bump; [con un remo] stroke; [del corazón] beat, throb

- no dar golpe

- a golpe dado no hay quite

2) [dado por una persona a otra] blow

3) (Med) (=cardenal) bruise

4) [en deportes] (Ftbl) kick; (Boxeo) [gen] blow; (=puñetazo) punch

5) (Téc) stroke

6) (=desgracia) blow

7) (=sorpresa) surprise

8) * (=atraco) job *, heist (EEUU)

9) (=salida) witticism, sally

10) (Pol) coup

11) [otras expresiones]

- ir a golpe de calcetín o de alpargata

- de golpe y porrazo

12) (Cos) (=adorno) pocket flap; Col (=vuelta) facing

13) Méx (=mazo) sledgehammer

14) Caribe * (=trago) swig *, slug * ( of liquor)

* * *

1) (choque, impacto) knock

2)

a) ( al pegarle a alguien) blow

b) ( marca) bruise, mark

3) (Dep) ( en golf) stroke; ( en tenis) shot

4) (desgracia, contratiempo) blow

5) (fam) (atraco, timo) job (colloq)

6) (fam) (ocurrencia, salida) funny o witty remark

•

- golpe bajo

- golpe de efecto

- golpe de estado

- golpe de gracia

- golpe de suerte

- golpe de vista

- golpe franco

- golpe maestro

* * *

1) (choque, impacto) knock

2)

a) ( al pegarle a alguien) blow

b) ( marca) bruise, mark

3) (Dep) ( en golf) stroke; ( en tenis) shot

4) (desgracia, contratiempo) blow

5) (fam) (atraco, timo) job (colloq)

6) (fam) (ocurrencia, salida) funny o witty remark

•

- golpe bajo

- golpe de efecto

- golpe de estado

- golpe de gracia

- golpe de suerte

- golpe de vista

- golpe franco

- golpe maestro

* * *

golpe¹

¹ = punch, coup, blow, rap, knocking, beat, knock, swipe, hit, bang.

golpe²

² = witticism, witty remark, quip.

* * *

A (choque, impacto) knock

se dio un golpe contra la pared she banged o knocked into the wall

me di un golpe en la cabeza I hit o banged my head

te vas a pegar un golpe you'll hurt yourself

¿ha recibido algún golpe en la cabeza? have you hit your head?, have you received a blow to the head? ( frml)

cerró el libro de un golpe she snapped o slammed the book shut

la ventana se cerró de un golpe the window slammed shut

me dio un golpe en la espalda he slapped me on the back

le di un golpecito en el hombro I tapped him on the shoulder

dale un golpe a ver si se arregla hit it o bang it o give it a bang, that might make it work

dio unos golpes en la mesa he tapped on the table; (más fuerte) he knocked on the table; (aún más fuerte) he banged on the table

nos dieron un golpe por detrás they ran into us from behind, they ran into the back of us

se oían los golpes del martillo one could hear the hammering

a golpe de ( Ven); around, about ( BrE)

dar el golpe ( Méx) (aspirar) to inhale

de golpe (repentinamente) suddenly;

(Col, Ven fam) (quizás) maybe, perhaps

no se lo puedes decir así, de golpe you can't just spring it on him o tell him suddenly like that

de golpe y porrazo ( fam) (de repente) suddenly

es una decisión que no puede tomarse de golpe y porrazo it's not a decision that can be made on the spot o just like that

de un golpe (de una vez) all at once

se lo bebió de un golpe he drank it down in one go o gulp

no dar or pegar (ni) golpe ( fam): ¡cómo va a aprobar, si no da ni golpe! how can he expect to pass, he never does a lick ( AmE) o ( BrE) stroke of work ( colloq)

no pega ni golpe en casa he doesn't do a thing o lift a finger around the house ( colloq)

a golpe de ratón ( Inf) at a mouse click, at the click of a mouse

toda la programación a golpe de ratón the whole program at a mouse click

1 (al pegarle a algn) blow

le dio or pegó un golpe en la cabeza she hit him on the head

empezaron a darle golpes they started hitting her

casi lo matan a golpes they almost beat him to death

parece que no entienden sino a (los) golpes hitting them seems to be the only way to make them understand

le asestó un golpe con el atizador he dealt o struck him a blow with the poker

me llevé un golpe en la cabeza I got a blow o I got hit on the head

el golpe lo agarró de sorpresa the blow took him by surprise

siempre andan a golpes they're always fighting

lo cogieron a golpes they beat him up

2 (marca) bruise, mark

C ( Dep) (en golf) stroke; (en tenis) shot

sigue en primer lugar con seis golpes bajo par she is still in first place at six (strokes) under par

D (desgracia, contratiempo) blow

fue un golpe durísimo it came as a terrible blow

esta vez sí que ha acusado el golpe he's really taken it hard o taken a bad knock this time

E ( fam) (robo, timo) job ( colloq)

¿cuándo vamos a dar el golpe? when are we going to do the job?

F ( fam) (ocurrencia, salida) funny o witty remark

¡tiene cada golpe! he comes out with o makes some really witty remarks, some of the things he comes out with are so funny o witty

la película tiene unos golpes muy buenos the movie has some really funny moments in it

dar el golpe ( fam): con esa indumentaria seguro que das el golpe you'll be a sensation o you'll look a knockout in that outfit

G ( Mús) (en Ven) folk dance/music similar to the joropo

(en boxeo) punch below the belt

fue un golpe bajo mencionarlo delante de todos that was below the belt o a low trick mentioning it in front of everyone

adrenaline rush

(insolación) sunstroke; (en la temperatura) corporal heatstroke

penalty

su dimisión no causó el golpe de efecto que esperaba his resignation did not create the dramatic effect he had hoped for

coup, coup d'état

stroke of luck

coup de grâce

sudden attack

large wave

sunstroke

stroke of luck

( Ven) performance of Venezuelan Caribbean music

change of direction

coughing fit

glance, look

(en fútbol) free kick; (en hockey) free hit

masterstroke

death blow, coup de grâce

mpl:

darse golpes de pecho to beat one's breast, wear sackcloth and ashes

* * *

◊ me di un golpe en la cabeza I got a knock on the head, I hit o banged my head;

◊ a golpe de (Ven) around;

a) ( al pegarle a algn) blow;

◊ lo derribó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow;

b) ( marca) bruise, mark

a) ( desgracia) blow

◊ golpe de suerte stroke of luck

◊ dar el golpe to do the job

◊ golpe de estado coup (d'état)

* * *

♦ nm

1. [impacto] blow;

se oyó un golpe en el piso de arriba something went bump upstairs;

no le des tantos golpes a la fotocopiadora stop hitting o banging the photocopier like that;

me di un golpe en la rodilla I banged my knee;

la ventana estaba dando golpes the window was banging;

el golpe me lo dieron cuando estaba detenido en un semáforo they hit me o bumped into me when I was stopped at a traffic light;

el niño daba golpes en la pared the child was banging on the wall;

darse golpes de pecho to beat one's breast;

cerrar la puerta de golpe to slam the door;

devolver un golpe to strike back;

errar o [m5] fallar el golpe to miss the mark;

golpe seco thud;

dar el golpe to cause a sensation, to be a hit;

con ese vestido seguro que das el golpe en la fiesta in that dress, you're bound to be a hit at the party;

no dio o [m5] pegó golpe he didn't lift a finger, he didn't do a stroke of work;

de golpe suddenly;

de golpe y porrazo without warning, just like that;

de un golpe at one fell swoop, all at once

hacer algo para dar un golpe de efecto to do sth for effect;

golpe de fortuna stroke of luck;

golpe de gracia coup de grâce;

golpe maestro masterstroke;

golpe de mar huge wave;

golpe de suerte stroke of luck;

golpe de tos coughing fit;

golpe de viento gust of wind;

golpe de vista glance;

al primer golpe de vista at a glance

2. [bofetada] smack;

a golpes by force;

moler a alguien a golpes to beat sb up

fue un golpe bajo that was a bit below the belt

3. [de corazón] beat;

los golpes de su corazón her heartbeat

4. [efecto]

el coche tiene un golpe en la puerta the car door has a dent in it

5. [en tenis, golf] shot;

dos golpes por encima/debajo two shots ahead/behind;

dos golpes bajo par two under par

golpe franco free kick;

golpe liftado [en tenis] topspin drive;

golpe de penalización [en golf] penalty stroke;

golpe de salida [en golf] tee shot, drive;

golpe de talón back heel

6. [disgusto] blow;

la muerte de su madre fue un golpe muy duro para ella her mother's death hit her very hard

7. [atraco] raid, job, US heist;

dar un golpe to do a job

8. Pol

golpe de palacio palace coup

9. [ocurrencia] witticism;

¡tienes unos golpes buenísimos! you really come out with some witty remarks!

10. [pestillo] spring lock

11. Méx [mazo] sledgehammer

♦ a golpe de loc prep

aprenderá a golpe de fracasos he'll learn from his mistakes;

a golpe de talonario: no se puede crear un equipo a golpe de talonario you can't just build a team by throwing money at it;

salió de la cárcel a golpe de talonario he used his wealth to buy his way out of prison

♦ al golpe loc adv

* * *

1 knock, blow;

un duro golpe fig a heavy blow;

no da golpe fam she doesn’t do a thing, she doesn’t lift a finger

de golpe suddenly;

de golpe y porrazo suddenly

* * *

golpe nm

1) : blow

caerle a golpes a alguien: to give someone a beating

2) : knock

de golpe : suddenly

de un golpe : all at once, in one fell swoop

golpe de estado : coup, coup d'etat

golpe de suerte : stroke of luck

* * *

golpe n

1. (choque) blow

Aunque la traducción literal de golpe es blow, el inglés prefiere emplear un verbo

2. (ruido) knock / bang

3. (desgracia) blow

1) cl. 7. chinátti, chintte (Impv. - náttu;

λόγος, ου, ὁ (verbal noun of λέγω in the sense ‘pick’; Hom.+).

① a communication whereby the mind finds expression, word

ⓐ of utterance, chiefly oral.

α. as expression, word (oratorical ability plus exceptional performance were distinguishing marks in Hellenic society, hence the frequent association of λ. and ἔργον ‘deed’; a sim. formulation as early as Il. 9, 443 μύθων τε ῥητῆρʼ ἔμεναι πρηκτῆρά τε ἔργων; Polystrat. p. 33 μὴ λόγῳ μόνον ἀλλʼ ἔργω; Just., A II, 4, 2 ἢ λόγῳ ἢ ἔργῳ and D. 35, 7 λόγον ἢ πρᾶξιν) δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ κ. λόγῳ, i.e. an exceptional personage Lk 24:19; pl. of Moses Ac 7:22 (the contrast expressed w. a verb Choix 20, 6–8 ποιεῖ ἀγαθὸν ὄτι δύναται καὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ of Apollordorus, a benefactor in Cyzicus, a flourishing city in Phrygia; sim. New Docs 7, 233, no. 10, 8f πολιτευόμενος … λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ; cp. IKourion 32, 8; without contrast Diod S 13, 101, 3 ἄνδρας λόγῳ δυνατούς; for sim. constructions using λέγω and πράσσω s. Danker, Benefactor 339–43). Cp. Ro 15:18; 2 Cor 10:11; Col 3:17; 2 Th 2:17; Hb 13:21 v.l.; 1J 3:18 (cp. Theognis 1, 87f Diehl³ μή μʼ ἔπεσιν μὲν στέργε κτλ.—For the contrast λόγῳ … ἀληθείᾳ cp. Diod S 13, 4, 1). In contrast to a sinful deed we also have the λόγος ἁμαρτίας sinful word Judaicon 172, 9. W. γνῶσις: ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ κ. πάσῃ γνώσει 1 Cor 1:5. ἰδιώτης τῷ λόγῳ, ἀλλʼ οὐ τῇ γνώσει 2 Cor 11:6. (Opp. δύναμις ‘revelation of power’) 1 Cor 4:19, 20. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον οὐκ ἐγενήθη ἐν λόγῳ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δυνάμει 1 Th 1:5 (cp. Ar. 13, 7 of mythical accounts οὐδέν εἰσιν εἰ μὴ μόνον λόγοι ‘they’re nothing but words’). W. ἐπιστολή: 2 Th 2:2, 15. W. ἀναστροφή: 1 Ti 4:12; 1 Pt 3:1b. Opp. ‘be silent’: IRo 2:1.—μόνον εἰπὲ λόγῳ just say the word Mt 8:8; cp. Lk 7:7 (Ath. 17, 1 ὡς λόγῳ εἰπεῖν; 29, 2; Phalaris, Ep. 121, 1 λόγῳ λέγειν; cp. schol. on Pla. 341a ἐν λόγῳ μόνον εἰπεῖν). οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο ἀποκριθῆναι αὐτῷ λόγον no one was able to answer him a (single) word Mt 22:46; cp. 15:23 (cp. TestAbr A 16 p. 98, 11 [Stone p. 44] οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ λόγον).— The (mighty) word (of one who performs miracles) ἐξέβαλεν τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Mt 8:16 (a rare use of λ. as ‘single utterance’, s. L-S-J-M s.v. VII).—διὰ λόγου by word of mouth (opp. ‘by letter’) Ac 15:27.—In the textually uncertain pass. Ac 20:24 the text as it stands in N., οὐδενὸς λόγου (v.l. λόγον) ποιοῦμαι τὴν ψυχὴν τιμίαν, may well mean: I do not consider my life worth a single word (cp. λόγου ἄξιον [ἄξιος 1a] and our ‘worth mention’; s. Conzelmann ad loc.).

β. The expression may take on a variety of formulations or topical nuances: what you say Mt 5:37; statement (PGM 4, 334) Lk 20:20; question (Sext. Emp., Math. 8, 295; 9, 133; Diog. L. 2, 116) ἐρωτήσω ὑμᾶς λόγον I will ask you a question (cp. TestJob 36:5; GrBar 5:1; ApcSed 13:6; Jos., Ant. 12, 99) Mt 21:24; cp. Mk 11:29; Lk 20:3; prayer (PGM 1, 25; 4, 90; 179; 230 al.; 5, 180; 196 al.) Mt 26:44; Mk 14:39. ἡγούμενος τοῦ λ. principal speaker Ac 14:12. W. epexeget. gen. λ. παρακλήσεως 13:15. W. κήρυγμα our manner of presentation and our proclamation 1 Cor 2:4a (but s. comm.). (W. διδασκαλία) preaching 1 Ti 5:17; prophecy (Biogr. p. 364 [Pythia]) J 2:22; 18:32. Command (Aeschyl., Pers. 363) Lk 4:36; 2 Pt 3:5, 7; via a letter 2 Th 3:14. Report, story (X., An. 1, 4, 7; Diod S 3, 40, 9; 19, 110, 1 λ. διαδιδόναι=spread a report; Appian, Iber. 80 §346, Maced. 4 §1 [both=rumor]; Diod S 32, 15, 3 ἦλθεν ὁ λ. ἐπί τινα=the report came to someone; Arrian, Anab. 7, 22, 1 λόγος λέγεται τοιόσδε=a story is told like this, Ind. 9, 2; Diod S 3, 18, 3 λ.=story, account; Jos., Ant. 19, 132; Tat. 27, 2 τοῦ καθʼ Ἡρακλέα λόγου) Mt 28:15; Mk 1:45; Lk 5:15 (λ. περί τινος as X., An. 6, 6, 13; Jos., Ant. 19, 127) 7:17; J 21:23. ἠκούσθη ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ὦτα τ. ἐκκλησίας the report came to the ears of the assembly in Jerusalem Ac 11:22. λόγον ἔχειν σοφίας have the appearance of wisdom, pass for wisdom Col 2:23 (cp. Pla., Epinomis 987b ἔχει λόγον; Demosth., C. Lept. 462 [20, 18] λόγον τινʼ ἔχον; but mng. 2f is possible). Proverb (Pla., Phdr. 17, 240c, Symp. 18, 195b, Gorg. 54, 499c, Leg. 6, 5, 757a; Socrat., Ep. 22, 1) J 4:37 (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 13, 7 ἀληθῶς ἐν τούτῳ ὁ λ. foll. by a proverb). Proclamation, instruction, teaching, message Lk 4:32; 10:39; J 4:41; 17:20; Ac 2:41; 4:4; 10:44; 20:7; 1 Cor 1:17; 2:1. In Ac18:15 ζητήματα περὶ λόγου καὶ ὀνομάτων καὶ νόμου the sense appears to be someth. like this: controversial issues involving disputes about words and your way of life with λ. prob. referring to the presentation of controversial subjects, which in turn arouses heated ζητήματα debates. λόγος σοφίας proclamation of wisdom, speaking wisely 1 Cor 12:8a (Ps.-Phoc. 129 τῆς θεοπνεύστου σοφίης λ.); corresp. λ. γνώσεως vs. 8b. Cp. 14:9; 15:2; 2 Cor 1:18; 6:7; 10:10. λ. μαρτυρίας word of witness Rv 12:11. ὁ κατὰ τ. διδαχὴν πιστὸς λ. the message of faith, corresponding to the teaching Tit 1:9; the opp. 2 Ti 2:17. A speech (Aristot. p. 14b, 2; Diod S 40, 5a) διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ in a long speech Ac 15:32; cp. 20:2. λ. κολακείας flattering speech 1 Th 2:5. Speaking gener. 2 Cor 8:7; Eph 6:19; Col 4:6; D 2:5. ἐν λόγῳ πταίειν make a mistake in what one says Js 3:2.—Of God’s word, command, commission (LXX; ParJer 5:19 κατηχῆσαι αὐτοὺς τὸν λόγον; SyrBar 13:2; ApcSed 14:10; Just., D. 84, 2; Ael. Aristid. hears a ἱερὸς λ. at night fr. a god: 28, 116 K.=49, p. 529 D.; Sextus 24) ἠκυρώσατε τ. λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 15:6 (v.l. νόμον, ἐντολήν); cp. Mk 7:13.—J 5:38; 8:55; 10:35; Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6). Of God’s promise Ro 9:6, 9 (but these two vss., and Gal 5:14 below, prob. fit better under 2a), 28 (Is 10:22f). Cp. Hb 2:2; 4:2 (s. ἀκοή 4b); 7:28; 12:19. For B 15:1 see 1aδ. The whole law (as the expr. εἴ τι ἑτέρα ἐντολή indicates not limited to a narrow list of commandments), acc. to Ro 13:9. In what is prob. a play on words (s. 2a and b), Gal 5:14 (s. 2a below) is summed up in the λόγος as expressed in Lev 19:18.—That which God has created ἁγιάζεται διὰ λόγου θεοῦ 1 Ti 4:5; in line w. the context, this hardly refers to God’s creative word (so SibOr 3, 20; PtK 2; πάντα γὰρ λόγῳ ποιήσας ὁ θεός Theoph. Ant. 2, 18 [144, 8]), but to table prayers which use biblical expressions. The divine word as judge of thoughts Hb 4:12. τελεσθήσονται οἱ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 17:17; cp. 19:9.—Of the divine revelation through Christ and his messengers (Just., A I, 61, 9 λόγον … παρὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐμάθομεν τοῦτον) θεὸς ἐφανέρωσεν τὸν λ. αὐτοῦ ἐν κηρύγματι Tit 1:3. δέδωκα αὐτοῖς τὸν λ. σου J 17:14; cp. vss. 6, 17; 1J 1:10; 2:14. ἵνα μὴ ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ βλασφημῆται Tit 2:5. The apostles and other preachers, w. ref. to the λόγος of God, are said to: λαλεῖν Ac 4:29, 31; 13:46; Phil 1:14; Hb 13:7; καταγγέλλειν Ac 13:5; 17:13; διδάσκειν 18:11; μαρτυρεῖν Rv 1:2. Of their hearers it is said: τὸν λ. τοῦ θεοῦ ἀκούειν Ac 13:7; δέχεσθαι 8:14; 11:1. Of the λ. τοῦ θεοῦ itself we read: ηὔξανεν Ac 6:7; 12:24; 19:20; οὐ δέδεται 2 Ti 2:9. In these places and many others ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ is simply the Christian message, the gospel: Lk 5:1; 8:11, 21; 11:28 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 1, 20 μὴ μόνον ἀκουόντων ἀλλὰ πασχόντων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν λόγων=let the message have its effect on oneself); Ac 6:2 (s. καταλείπω 7c; for prob. commercial metaph. s. 2a below); 13:44 v.l. (for κυρίου); 16:32 v.l.; 1 Cor 14:36; 2 Cor 2:17; 4:2; Col 1:25; 1 Pt 1:23; Rv 1:9; 6:9; 20:4; IPhld 11:1. Cp. 1 Th 2:13ab; 1J 2:5.—Since this ‘divine word’ is brought to humanity through Christ, his word can be used in the same sense: ὁ λόγος μου J 5:24; cp. 8:31, 37, 43, 51f; 12:48; 14:23f; 15:3, 20b; Rv 3:8. ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ Col 3:16; cp. Hb 6:1. ὁ λ. τοῦ κυρίου Ac 8:25; 12:24 v.l.; 13:44, 48f; 14:25 v.l.; 15:35, 36; 16:32 (cp. λ. θεοῦ); 19:10; 1 Th 1:8; 2 Th 3:1. Pl. Mk 8:38 (Lk 9:26); 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Lk 24:44; s. also 1aδ.—Or it is called simply ὁ λόγος=the ‘Word’, for no misunderstanding would be possible among Christians: Mt 13:20–23; Mk 2:2; 4:14–20, 33; 8:32 (s. 1aε below); 16:20; Lk 1:2; 8:12f, 15; Ac 6:4; 8:4; 10:36 (on the syntax s. FNeirynck, ETL 60, ’84, 118–23); 11:19; 14:25 (cp. λ. κυρίου above); 16:6; 17:11; 18:5; Gal 6:6; Phil 1:14; Col 4:3; 1 Th 1:6; 2 Ti 4:2; Js 1:21ff; 1 Pt 2:8; 3:1; 1J 2:7; AcPl Ha 7, 6 (so also Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; Ath. 2, 3).—Somet. the ‘Word’ is more closely defined by a gen.: ὁ λ. τῆς βασιλείας the word of the reign/rule (of God) Mt 13:19. τῆς σωτηρίας Ac 13:26. τῆς καταλλαγῆς 2 Cor 5:19. τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. δικαιοσύνης (q.v. 3a) Hb 5:13. ζωῆς Phil 2:16. (τῆς) ἀληθείας (Theoph. Ant. 3, 4 [p. 212, 2]; cp. περὶ ἀληθείας Hippol., Ref. 10, 6, 1) Eph 1:13; Col 1:5; 2 Ti 2:15; Js 1:18; AcPl Ha 8, 8 (Just., D. 121, 2). τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ κυρίου) Ac 14:3; 20:32. (Differently the pl. οἱ λόγοι τ. χάριτος gracious words Lk 4:22; cp. Marcellinus, Vi. Thu. 57 Hude λόγοι εἰρωνείας.) ὁ λ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ac 15:7; ὁ τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ λ. MPol 10:1. In Rv 3:10 the gospel is described by the ‘One who has the key of David’ as ὁ λ. τῆς ὑπομονῆς μου my word of endurance (W-S. §30, 12c). λ. τῶν ὑ[πο]μονῶν AcPl Ha 6, 11. παρελάβετε τὸν λ. ὅτι AcPl Ha 8, 25.—The pastoral letters favor the expr. πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (sc. ἐστίν, and s. πιστός 1b) 1 Ti 1:15; 3:1; 4:9; 2 Ti 2:11; Tit 3:8; cp. Rv 21:5; 22:6. λ. ὑγιής sound preaching Tit 2:8; cp. the pl. ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι 2 Ti 1:13 (on medicinal use of words for the mind or soul s. VLeinieks, The City of Dionysos ’96, 115–22, on Eur.).—The pl. is also used gener. of Christian teachings, the words of the gospel Lk 1:4 (s. κατηχέω 2a); 1 Th 4:18. οἱ λ. τῆς πίστεως 1 Ti 4:6. On λόγοι κυριακοί for λόγια κυριακά in the title of the Papias document s. ἐξήγησις 2.—JSchniewind, Die Begriffe Wort und Evangelium bei Pls, diss. Bonn 1910; RAsting (εὐαγγέλιον, end).

γ. of an individual declaration or remark: assertion, declaration, speech ἀκούσαντες τὸν λ. when they heard the statement Mt 15:12; cp. 19:11, 22; 22:15; Mk 5:36. διὰ τοῦτον τὸν λ. because of this statement of yours 7:29 (TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 29 [Stone p. 38] τὸν λ. τοῦτον; ApcMos 25 εἰς τὸν λόγον σου κρινῶ σε). Cp. 10:22; 12:13; Lk 1:29; 22:61 v.l. (for ῥήματος); J 4:39, 50; 6:60; 7:36, 40 v.l.; 15:20a; 18:9; 19:8; Ac 6:5; 7:29; 20:38; 22:22; 1 Th 4:15. ὸ̔ς ἐὰν εἴπῃ λόγον κατὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου whoever utters a (defamatory) word against the Son of Humanity Mt 12:32 (λ. εἰπεῖν κατά τινος as Jos., Ant. 15, 81); cp. Lk 12:10. λόγος σαπρός unwholesome talk Eph 4:29. λόγον ποιεῖσθαι make a speech Ac 11:2 D (cp. Hyperid. 3, 20; Jos., Ant. 11, 86).

δ. the pl. (οἱ) λόγοι is used, on the one hand, of words uttered on various occasions, of speeches or instruction given here and there by humans or transcendent beings (TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 19 [Stone p. 36]; Jos., Ant. 4, 264; Just., D. 100, 3) ἐκ τῶν λόγων σου δικαιωθήσῃ (καταδικασθήσῃ) Mt 12:37ab; 24:35; Mk 13:31; Lk 21:33; Ac 2:40; 7:22 (ἐν λόγοις καὶ ἔργοις αὐτοῦ. On the word-deed pair cp. Dio Chrys. 4, 6 the λόγοι and ἔργα of Diogenes; s. α above). οἱ δέκα λόγοι the ten commandments (Ex 34:28; Dt 10:4; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 168, Decal. 32; Jos., Ant. 3, 138; cp. 91f; Did., Gen. 36, 10) B 15:1. Ac 15:24; 20:35; 1 Cor 2:4b, 13; 14:19ab; κενοὶ λ. Eph 5:6; AcPl Ox 6, 13 (cp. Aa 1, 241, 14); Dg 8:2; πλαστοὶ λ. 2 Pt 2:3. λ. πονηροί 3J 10.—Also of words and exprs. that form a unity, whether it be connected discourse (Jos., Ant. 15, 126; Just., A II, 12, 6, D. 11, 5; 81, 3 al.), a conversation, or parts of one and the same teaching, or expositions on the same subject (Diod S 16, 2, 3 μετέσχε τῶν Πυθαγορίων λόγων; Dio Chrys. 37 [54], 1; Ael. Aristid. 50, 55 K.=26 p. 519 D.: οἱ Πλάτωνος λόγοι; PsSol 17:43 [words of the Messiah]; AscIs 3:12 οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Βελχειρά) πᾶς ὅστις ἀκούει μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους Mt 7:24; cp. vss. 26, 28; 10:14; 19:1; 26:1; Mk 10:24; Lk 1:20; 6:47; 9:28, 44. ἐπηρώτα αὐτὸν ἐν λόγοις ἱκανοῖς he questioned him at some length 23:9. τίνες οἱ λ. οὗτοι οὓς ἀντιβάλλετε; what is this conversation that you are holding? 24:17; J 7:40 (s. γ); 10:19; J 14:24a; 19:13; Ac 2:22; 5:5, 24; 16:36; 2 Ti 4:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 46:7. λόγοις φθοριμαίοις AcPlCor 1:2.

ε. the subject under discussion, matter, thing gener. (Theognis 1055 Diehl; Hdt. 8, 65 μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον εἴπῃς. Cp. Hebr. דָּבָר) τὸν λ. ἐκράτησαν they took up the subject Mk 9:10; cp. Mt. 21:24 (s. 1aβ beg.). οὐκ ἔστιν σοι μερὶς ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ you have no share in this matter Ac 8:21. ἰδεῖν περὶ τ. λόγου τούτου look into this matter 15:6. ἔχειν πρός τινα λόγον have a complaint against someone (cp. Demosth. 35, 55 ἐμοὶ πρὸς τούτους ὁ λόγος; PIand 16, 3 δίκαιον λόγον ἔχει πρὸς σέ) 19:38. παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας Mt 5:32; 19:9 v.l. (2d is also prob.).—Perh. also Mk 8:32 he discussed the subject quite freely (but s. 1aβ above).

ⓑ of literary or oratorical productions: of the separate books of a work (Hdt. 5, 36 ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τ. λόγων; Pla., Parmen. 2, 127d ὁ πρῶτος λόγος; Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 1 ὁ μὲν πρότερος λόγος ἦν ἡμῖν, ὦ Θεόδοτε, περὶ τοῦ …) treatise Ac 1:1 (s. on the prologue to Ac: AHilgenfeld, ZWT 41, 1898, 619ff; AGercke, Her 29, 1894, 373ff; RLaqueur, Her 46, 1911, 161ff; Norden, Agn. Th. 311ff; JCreed, JTS 35, ’34, 176–82; Goodsp., Probs. 119–21). Παπίας … πέντε λόγους κυριακῶν λογίων ἔγραψεν Papias (11:1; cp. 3:1 e; 11:2; 12:2).—περὶ οὗ πολὺς ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος about this we have much to say Hb 5:11. Hb is described as ὁ λ. τῆς παρακλήσεως a word of exhortation (in literary form) 13:22. Of writings that are part of Holy Scripture ὁ λ. Ἠσαί̈ου J 12:38. ὁ λ. ὁ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γεγραμμένος 15:25; ὁ προφητικὸς λ. 2 Pt 1:19; 2 Cl 11:2 (quot. of unknown orig.); AcPl Ha 8, 27/BMM recto 35 (Just., D. 77, 2 al.). ὁ ἅγιος λ. the holy word 1 Cl 56:3. ὁ λ. ὁ γεγραμμένος 1 Cor 15:54 (Is 25:8 and Hos 13:14 follow). Pl. οἱ λόγοι τ. προφητῶν Ac 15:15. ὡς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ λόγων Ἠσαί̈ου Lk 3:4 (Pla., 7th Epistle 335a πείθεσθαι ἀεὶ χρὴ τοῖς παλαιοῖς καὶ ἱεροῖς λόγοις; TestJob 1:1 βίβλος λόγων Ἰώβ; ParJer 9:32 v.l. τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ἱερεμίου; ApcEsdr 1:1 καὶ ἀποκάλυψις τοῦ … Ἐσδράμ; ApcSed prol.; Just., D. 72, 3f).—Of the content of Rv: ὁ ἀναγινώσκων τ. λόγους τῆς προφητείας 1:3. οἱ λόγοι (τ. προφητείας) τ. βιβλίου τούτου 22:7, 9f, 18f.

② computation, reckoning

ⓐ a formal accounting, esp. of one’s actions, and freq. with fig. extension of commercial terminology account, accounts, reckoning λόγον δοῦναι (Hdt. 8, 100; X., Cyr. 1, 4, 3; Diod S 3, 46, 4; SIG 1099, 16; BGU 164, 21; Jos., Ant. 16, 120; Just., D. 115, 6) give account, make an accounting ἕκαστος περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λόγον δώσει τ. θεῷ Ro 14:12. Also λ. ἀποδοῦναι abs. (Just., D. 116, 1 al.; Diod S 16, 56, 4; 19, 9, 4) Hb 13:17. τινί to someone (Diod S 16, 27, 4; Plut., Alcib. 7, 3; Chariton 7, 6, 2; SIG 631, 13 τᾷ πόλει; 2 Ch 34:28; Da 6:3 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 1, 209) τῷ ἑτοίμως ἔχοντι κρῖναι 1 Pt 4:5. τινὸς of someth. (SIG 1044, 46; 1105, 10 τοῦ ἀναλώματος; Jos., Ant. 19, 307) Lk 16:2 (here λ. w. the art.; on the subject of undergoing an audit cp. Aeschin. 3, 22). Likew. περί τινος (Diod S 18, 60, 2 δοὺς αὑτῷ περὶ τούτων λόγον=taking account [considering] with himself; BGU 98, 25 περὶ τούτου) Mt 12:36; Ac 19:40. ὑπέρ τινος concerning someone Hv 3, 9, 10.—αἰτεῖν τινα λόγον περί τινος call someone to account for someth. 1 Pt 3:15 (cp. Pla., Pol. 285e; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 30; Apc4Esdr Fgm. b ἕκαστος ὑπὸ τοῦ οἰκείου ἔργου τὸν λόγον ἀπαιτηθήσεται; Just., A I, 17, 4. For another perspective s. d below.).—Of banking responsibility ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ (PStras 72, 10 [III A.D.] ὁ τῶν θεῶν λ.; PHerm 108 [III A.D.] λ. τοῦ Σαραπείου) in wordplay Ac 6:2 (w. τράπεζα q.v. 1c); s. also 1aβ.—Of a ledger heading (POxy 1333 [II/III A.D.] δὸς αὐτῳ λόγῳ θεωρικῶν=credit him under ‘festivals’; for others s. Preisig., Wörterbuch s.v. λ. 14; s. also Fachwörter 119) Ro 9:6 (the point is that God’s ‘list’ of Israelites is accurate; on ἐκπίπτω in the sense ‘is not deficient’ s. s.v. 4); vs. 9 (the ‘count’ is subsumed by metonymy in divine promise); Gal 5:14 (all moral obligations come under one ‘entry’: ‘you shall love your neighbor as yourself’; for commercial association of ἀναλίσκω vs. 15, which rounds out the wordplay, s. s.v.). The contexts of these three passages suggest strong probability for commercial associations; for another view s. 1aβ.

ⓑ settlement (of an account) (εἰς λόγον commercial t.t. ‘in settlement of an account’ POxy 275, 19; 21) εἰς λόγον δόσεως κ. λήμψεως in settlement of a mutual account (lit., ‘of giving and receiving’, ‘of debit and credit’) Phil 4:15 (cp. Plut., Mor. 11b λόγον δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν; a parallel formulation POxy 1134,10 [421 A.D.] λ. λήμματος καὶ ἐξοδιασμοῦ=ledger of income and expenditures); for the linked accounting terms δόσις and λήμψις s. PCairMasp 151, 208 [VI A.D.]. The same ideas are in the background of εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν credited to your account vs 17.—συναίρειν λόγον settle accounts (BGU 775, 18f. The mid. in the same mng. PFay109, 6 [I A.D.]; POxy 113, 27f.—Dssm., LO 94 [LAE 118f]) μετά τινος Mt 18:23; 25:19.

ⓒ reflection, respect, regard εἰς λόγον τινός with regard to, for the sake of (Thu. 3, 46, 4; Demosth. 19, 142 εἰς ἀρετῆς λόγον; Polyb. 11, 28, 8; Ath. 31, 1; Ael. Aristid. 39 p. 743 D.: εἰς δεινότητος λ.) εἰς λ. τιμῆς IPhld 11:2. εἰς λ. θεοῦ ISm 10:1.

ⓓ reason for or cause of someth., reason, ground, motive (Just., D. 94, 3 δότε μοι λόγον, ὅτου χάριν … ; Ath. 30, 3 τὶς γὰρ … λόγος; Dio Chrys. 64 [14], 18 ἐκ τούτου τ. λόγου; Appian, Hann. 29 §126 τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 155) τίνι λόγω; for what reason? Ac 10:29 (cp. Pla., Gorg. 512c τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; Appian, Mithrid. 57 §232 τίνι λόγῳ;). λόγον περὶ τῆς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐλπίδος 1 Pt 3:15 (but s. a above); κατὰ λόγον Ac 18:14 (s. κατά B 5bβ). παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας Mt 5:32; 19:9 v.l. (though 1aε is also poss.).

ⓔ πρὸς ὸ̔ν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος (ἐστίν) with whom we have to do (i.e. to reckon) (Dio Chrys. 31, 123; other exx. in FBleek, Hb II/1, 1836, 590ff), in his capacity as judge (Libanius, Legat. Ulixis [=Declamatio IV] 2 F. τοῖς δὲ ἀδίκως ἀποκτενοῦσι καὶ πρὸς θεοὺς καὶ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ὁ λόγος γίγνεται) Hb 4:13. οὐ πρὸς σάρκα ὁ λόγος, ἀλλὰ πρὸς θεόν he has to do not with flesh, but with God IMg 3:2.

ⓕ In Col 2:23 (s. 1aβ) λόγον μὲν ἔχοντα σοφίας may= make a case for wisdom (cp. λόγος ἡμῖν οὐδείς Plut., Mor. 870b).

③ the independent personified expression of God, the Logos. Our lit. shows traces of a way of thinking that was widespread in contemporary syncretism, as well as in Jewish wisdom lit. and Philo, the most prominent feature of which is the concept of the Logos, the independent, personified ‘Word’ (of God): GJs 11:2 (word of the angel to Mary) συνλήμψῃ ἐκ Λόγου αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ πάντων Δεσπότου). J 1:1abc, 14 (cp. Just., A I, 23, 2; Mel., P. 9, 61 and oft. by all apolog., exc.. Ar.). It is the distinctive teaching of the Fourth Gospel that this divine ‘Word’ took on human form in a historical person, that is, in Jesus (s. RSeeberg, Festgabe für AvHarnack ’21, 263–81.—Λόγος w. ζωή in gnostic speculation: Iren.1, 1, 1 [Harv. 1, 10, 4]; Aelian, VH 4, 20 ἐκάλουν τὸν Πρωταγόραν Λόγον. Similarly Favorinus [II A.D.]: Vorsokr. 80 A 1 ln. 22 [in Diog. L. 9, 50] of Democritus: ἐκαλεῖτο Σοφία. Equating a divinity with an abstraction that she personifies: Artem. 5, 18 φρόνησις εἶναι νομίζεται ἡ θεός [Athena]). Cp. 1J 1:1; Rv 19:13. εἷς θεός ἐστιν, ὁ φανερώσας ἑαυτὸν διὰ Ἰ. Χριστοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ λόγος, ἀπὸ σιγῆς προελθών there is one God, who has revealed himself through Jesus Christ his Son, who is his ‘Word’ proceeding from silence (i.e., without an oral pronouncement: in a transcendent manner) IMg 8:2 (s. σιγή). The Lord as νόμος κ. λόγος PtK 1. Cp. Dg 11:2, 3, 7, 8; 12:9.—HClavier, TManson memorial vol., ’59, 81–93: the Alexandrian eternal λόγος is also implied in Hb 4:12; 13:7.—S. also the ‘Comma Johanneum’ (to the bibliography in RGG³ I, ’54 [HGreeven] add AJülicher, GGA 1905, 930–35; AvHarnack, SBBerlAk 1915, 572f [=Studien I ’31, 151f]; MMeinertz, Einl. in d. NT⁴ ’33, 309–11; AGreiff, TQ 114, ’33, 465–80; CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46; WThiele, ZNW 50, ’59, 61–73) ὁ πατήρ, ὁ λόγος καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 1J 5:7 v.l. (s. N. app.; Borger, TRu 52, ’87, 57f). (Such interpolations were not unheard of. According to Diog. L. 1, 48 some people maintain that Solon inserted the verse mentioning the Athenians after Il. 2, 557.—τῆς τριάδος, τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ λόγου αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς σοφίας αὐτοῦ Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 19].)—On the Logos: EZeller, D. Philosophie der Griechen III 2⁴ 1903, 417–34; MHeinze, D. Lehre v. Logos in d. griech. Philosophie 1872; PWendland, Philo u. d. kynisch-stoische Diatribe (Beiträge z. Gesch. der griech. Philosophie u. Religion by Wendl. and OKern 1895, 1–75); AAall, Gesch. d. Logosidee 1896, 1899; MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48f, I 482; 490 (index); LDürr, D. Wertung des göttl. Wortes im AT u. im ant. Orient ’38 (§9 of the Joh. Logos); EBréhier, Les idées philosophiques et religieuses de Philon d’Alexandrie 1907, 83–111; (² ’25); JLebreton, Les théories du Logos au début de l’ère chrétienne 1907; ESchwartz, NGG 1908, 537–56; GVos, The Range of the Logos-Title in the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel: PTR 11, 1913, 365–419; 557–602; RHarris, The Origin of the Prologue to St. John’s Gospel 1917, Athena, Sophia and the Logos: BJRL 7, 1, 1922 p. 56–72; M-JLagrange, Vers le Logos de S. Jean: RB 32, 1923, 161–84, Le Logos de Philon: ibid. 321–71; HLeisegang, Logos: Pauly-W. XIII 1926, 1035–81; TGlasson, Heraclitus’ Alleged Logos Doctr., JTS 3, ’52, 231–38.—NWeinstein, Z. Genesis d. Agada 1901, 29–90; Billerb. II 302–33.—Rtzst., Zwei religionsgeschichtl. Fragen 1901, 47–132, Mysterienrel.³ 1927, 428 index; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 304ff; 316f; JKroll, D. Lehren d. Hermes Trismegistos1914, 418 index.—RBultmann, D. religionsgesch. Hintergrund des Prol. z. Joh.: HGunkel Festschr., 1923, II 1–26, Comm. ’41, 5ff; AAlexander, The Johannine Doctrine of the Logos: ET 36, 1925, 394–99; 467–72; (Rtzst. and) HSchaeder, Studien z. antiken Synkretismus 1926, 306–37; 350; GAvdBerghvanEysinga, In den beginne was de Logos: NThT 23, ’34, 105–23; JDillersberger, Das Wort von Logos ’35; RBury, The 4th Gosp. and the Logos-Doctrine ’40; EMay, CBQ 8, ’46, 438–47; GKnight, From Moses to Paul ’49, 120–29. TW IV 76–89; 126–40 (on this s. SLyonnet, Biblica 26, ’45, 126–31); CStange, ZST 21, ’50, 120–41; MBoismard, Le Prologue de St. Jean ’53; HLangkammer, BZ 9, ’65, 91–94; HRinggren, Word and Wisdom [hypostatization in Near East] ’47; WEltester, Haenchen Festschr., ’64, 109–34; HWeiss, Untersuchungen zur Kosmologie etc., TU 97, ’66, 216–82; MRissi, Die Logoslieder im Prolog des vierten Evangeliums, TZ 31, ’75, 321–36; HLausberg, NAWG, Ph. ’87, 1 pp. 1–7.—B. 1262. DELG s.v. λέγω B 1. M-M. EDNT. TW.

adopter [adɔpte]

➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb

   a. to adopt

• elle a su se faire adopter par ses nouveaux collègues she's got her new colleagues to accept her

• « l'essayer c'est l'adopter ! » "try it - you'll love it!"

   b. [+ loi, motion] to pass

• cette proposition a été adoptée à l'unanimité the proposal was carried unanimously

* * *

verbe transitif gén to adopt; to pass [loi]

* * *

1) [enfant] to adopt

2) [projet de loi, amendement, budget] to pass

3) [attitude, position, méthode] to adopt

* * *

adopter verb table: aimer vtr

1 Jur to adopt [enfant];

2 ( prendre chez soi) to adopt, to take in [animal, personne];

3 ( accepter) to accept; il a vite été adopté par le village he was soon accepted by the village; je me suis tout de suite senti adopté par mes nouveaux amis I immediately felt at home with my new friends;

4 ( choisir) to adopt [méthode, style, attitude, mode];

5 ( approuver) to take up [projet]; to adopt [proposition, réforme]; adopter une loi to pass a law.

[adɔpte] verbe transitif

1. [enfant] to adopt

2. [suivre - cause] to take up (separable) ; [ - point de vue] to adopt, to approve ; [ - politique] to adopt, to take up ; [ - loi, projet] to adopt, to pass ; [ - mode] to follow, to adopt

3. [se mettre dans - position, posture] to adopt, to assume

4. [emprunter - nom] to assume ; [ - accent] to put on (separable)