to+break+off

abs-tergĕo, rsi, rsum, 2, v. a. (the form abstergo, gĕre rests upon spurious readings, except in eccl. Lat., as Vulg. Apoc. 21, 4), to wipe off or away, to dry by wiping.

Lit.:

labellum,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 52:

sudorem,

id. Men. 1, 2, 16:

vulnera,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 9: lacrimas, Lucil. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 68:

fletum,

Cic. Phil. 14, 34: everrite aedīs, abstergete araneas, brush away, Titin. ap. Non. 192, 10.—

Transf.:

remos (qs. to wipe away, i. e.),

to break, to dash to pieces, Curt. 9, 9, 16.—

Trop., to wipe away (any thing disagreeable, a passion, etc.), i. e. to drive away, expel, remove, banish:

ut mihi absterserunt omnem sorditudinem,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 10;

esp. freq. in Cic.: dolorem, Q. Fr. 2, 9: senectutis molestias,

Sen. 1: [p. 12] metum, Fam. 9, 16;

luctum, Tusc. 3, 18: suspicionem,

Amm. 14, 11.

com-mĭnŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to make small, either by breaking into many small parts, or by removing parts from the whole (class. in prose and poetry).

To separate into small parts, to break or crumble to pieces, to crush, split, etc.: saxo cere comminuit brum, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 412 (Ann. v. 586 Vahl.):

fores et postes securibus,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 31:

ossa atque artua illo scipione,

id. Men. 5, 2, 103:

tibi caput,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 74:

illi statuam... deturbant, affligunt, comminuunt, dissipant,

Cic. Pis. 38, 93:

scalas,

Sall. J. 60, 7:

anulum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

lapidem,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233:

vitrea,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 73:

fabas molis,

Ov. Med. Fac. 72:

vasa crystallina,

Petr. 64.—Also of medicines:

calculos,

Plin. 20, 4, 13, § 23.—Fig.: diem articulatim, i.e. to divide into hours, Plaut. ap. Gell. 3, 3, 5.—

To lessen, diminish.

Lit. (very rare): argenti pondus et auri, * Hor. S. 1, 1, 43:

opes civitatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 98:

regni opes,

Sall. J. 62, 1.—

Transf. to persons:

re familiari comminuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 6.—

Trop. (freq.), to weaken, impair, enervate:

nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque solenne, quod non avaritia comminuere atque violare soleat,

Cic. Quint. 8, 26:

ingenia,

Quint. 1, 7, 33; cf.:

ingenii vires,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 34;

and, animum,

Plin. Ep. 9, 2, 1.—

Transf. to persons:

Viriathus, quem C. Laelius praetor fregit et comminuit,

Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40;

so of enemies,

Flor. 1, 3, 3; 2, 6, 28:

nec te natalis origo Comminuit (i. e. animum tuum),

Ov. M. 12, 472:

lacrimis comminuēre meis, i.e. vinceris, commoveberis,

id. H. 3, 134.

cor-rumpo ( conr-), rāpi, ruptum (rumptum), 3, v. a. (orig., to break to pieces; hence),

To destroy, ruin, waste, bring to naught (class., but less freq. than in the signif. II.].

Lit.:

reliquum frumentum flumine atque incendio corruperunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 55:

domum et semet igni conrumpunt,

Sall. J. 76, 6; cf.:

plura igni,

id. ib. 92, 3;

92, 8: res familiares,

id. ib. 64, 5:

ungues dentibus,

i. e. to bite, Prop. 2, 4, 3 (13).—

Trop.:

diem,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 31:

animo male'st: corrupta sum atque absumpta sum,

id. Am. 5, 1, 6:

se suasque spes,

Sall. J. 33, 4:

illos dubitando et dies prolatando magnas opportunitates corrumpere,

to lose, id. C. 43, 3:

consilia,

Vell. 2, 57, 3:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 1, 75:

foedera,

Sil. 12, 303:

omnem prospectum,

id. 5, 34 al. —

With regard to the physical or moral quality of an object, to corrupt, mar, injure, spoil, adulterate, make worse, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

corrumpitur jam cena,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 102; so,

prandium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 49:

conclusa aqua facile conrumpitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:

aquarum fontes,

Sall. J. 55, 8:

corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula leto,

Verg. G. 3, 481:

coria igni ac lapidibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

ne plora, oculos corrumpis,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

ocellos lacrimis,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 57:

artus febribus,

id. H. 19 (20), 117; cf.:

stomachum (medicamentum),

Scrib. Comp. 137:

umor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus,

fermented, Tac. G. 23 init.:

vinum in acorem corrumpitur,

Macr. S. 7, 12, 11.— Poet., without the access. idea of impairing:

ebur corrumpitur ostro,

is stained, Stat. Achill. 1, 308.—

Trop. (so most freq.),

Of personal objects, to corrupt, seduce, entice, mislead:

perde rem, Corrumpe erilem filium,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 20; 1, 1, 27 sq.; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 3, 15:

me ex amore hujus esse corrumptum,

id. As. 5, 2, 33; Ter. And. 2, 3, 22:

mulierem,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 2; cf.

feminas,

Suet. Caes. 50:

(vitiosi principes) non solum obsunt, ipsi quod corrumpuntur, sed etiam quod corrumpunt,

Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

quos (milites) soluto imperio, licentia atque lascivia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5; cf. id. C. 53, 5 et saep.—

In partic., to gain to one's self by gifts, etc.; to bribe, buy over, etc.

With abl.:

aliquem pecuniā,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53; Sall. J. 34, 1:

auro,

id. ib. 32, 3:

pretio, Cic'. Caecin. 25, 72: turpi largitione,

id. Planc. 15, 37:

donis,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

muneribus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 57 et saep.—

Without abl.:

ne alios corrumpas, cum me non potueris,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3; id. Lys. 3, 2 bis; Sall. J. 29, 2; Hor. S. 2, 2, 9 et saep.—

Of things as objects, to corrupt, adulterate, falsify, spoil, mar, etc.:

litteras publicas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:

tabulas publicas,

id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 104; id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

mores civitatis (opp. corrigere),

id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; Quint. 1, 2, 4:

disciplinam,

Tac. H. 3, 49:

fides, quam nec cupiditas corrumpat, nec gratia avertat,

Quint. 12, 1, 24:

totidem generibus corrumpitur oratio, quot ornatur,

id. 8, 3, 58:

nomen eorum paulatim Libyes corrupere,

Sall. J. 18, 10; cf. Ov. F. 5, 195:

multo dolore corrupta voluptas,

imbittered, Hor. S. 1, 2, 39:

gratiam,

to forfeit, Phaedr. 4, 24, 18:

(littera) continuata cum insequente in naturam ejus corrumpitur,

Quint. 8, 3, 45; cf.:

oris plurima vitia in peregrinum sonum corrupti,

id. 1, 1, 13:

quamvis sciam non corrumpi in deterius quae aliquando etiam a malis... fiunt,

Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 6:

ineluctabilis fatorum vis consilia corrumpit,

Vell. 2, 57, 3.—

In partic. (acc. to II. B. b.), to bribe:

nutricis fidem,

Ov. M. 6, 461.—Hence, corruptus ( conr-, cŏrup-), a, um, P. a., spoiled, marred, corrupted, bad.

Lit.:

caelum,

Lucr. 6, 1135 Munro ad loc.; cf.:

tractus caeli,

Verg. A. 3, 138: aqua corruptior jam salsiorque, Auct. B. Alex. 6 fin.:

iter factum corruptius imbri,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95 al. —

Trop.

Of the forms of words, mutilated, corrupted (opp. integer), Quint. 1, 5, 68.—

Bad, corrupt:

quis corruptor juventutis, quis corruptus, qui? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 7:

homines conruptissimi,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 7 Dietsch.— Subst.: corrupta, ōrum, n., the spoiled parts (of the body), Cels. praef. § 43.— Adv.: corruptē, corruptly, perversely, incorrectly (very rare): judicare neque depravate neque corrupte, * Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71: pronuntiare verba, in a mutilated manner, Gell. 13, 30, 9.— Comp.:

explicare,

Sen. Contr. 2, 9:

intimi libertorum servorumque corruptius quam in privatā domo habiti,

Tac. H. 1, 22; cf. 2, 12 Halm.

cor-rumpo ( conr-), rāpi, ruptum (rumptum), 3, v. a. (orig., to break to pieces; hence),

To destroy, ruin, waste, bring to naught (class., but less freq. than in the signif. II.].

Lit.:

reliquum frumentum flumine atque incendio corruperunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 55:

domum et semet igni conrumpunt,

Sall. J. 76, 6; cf.:

plura igni,

id. ib. 92, 3;

92, 8: res familiares,

id. ib. 64, 5:

ungues dentibus,

i. e. to bite, Prop. 2, 4, 3 (13).—

Trop.:

diem,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 31:

animo male'st: corrupta sum atque absumpta sum,

id. Am. 5, 1, 6:

se suasque spes,

Sall. J. 33, 4:

illos dubitando et dies prolatando magnas opportunitates corrumpere,

to lose, id. C. 43, 3:

consilia,

Vell. 2, 57, 3:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 1, 75:

foedera,

Sil. 12, 303:

omnem prospectum,

id. 5, 34 al. —

With regard to the physical or moral quality of an object, to corrupt, mar, injure, spoil, adulterate, make worse, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

corrumpitur jam cena,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 102; so,

prandium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 49:

conclusa aqua facile conrumpitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:

aquarum fontes,

Sall. J. 55, 8:

corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula leto,

Verg. G. 3, 481:

coria igni ac lapidibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

ne plora, oculos corrumpis,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

ocellos lacrimis,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 57:

artus febribus,

id. H. 19 (20), 117; cf.:

stomachum (medicamentum),

Scrib. Comp. 137:

umor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus,

fermented, Tac. G. 23 init.:

vinum in acorem corrumpitur,

Macr. S. 7, 12, 11.— Poet., without the access. idea of impairing:

ebur corrumpitur ostro,

is stained, Stat. Achill. 1, 308.—

Trop. (so most freq.),

Of personal objects, to corrupt, seduce, entice, mislead:

perde rem, Corrumpe erilem filium,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 20; 1, 1, 27 sq.; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 3, 15:

me ex amore hujus esse corrumptum,

id. As. 5, 2, 33; Ter. And. 2, 3, 22:

mulierem,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 2; cf.

feminas,

Suet. Caes. 50:

(vitiosi principes) non solum obsunt, ipsi quod corrumpuntur, sed etiam quod corrumpunt,

Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

quos (milites) soluto imperio, licentia atque lascivia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5; cf. id. C. 53, 5 et saep.—

In partic., to gain to one's self by gifts, etc.; to bribe, buy over, etc.

With abl.:

aliquem pecuniā,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53; Sall. J. 34, 1:

auro,

id. ib. 32, 3:

pretio, Cic'. Caecin. 25, 72: turpi largitione,

id. Planc. 15, 37:

donis,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

muneribus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 57 et saep.—

Without abl.:

ne alios corrumpas, cum me non potueris,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3; id. Lys. 3, 2 bis; Sall. J. 29, 2; Hor. S. 2, 2, 9 et saep.—

Of things as objects, to corrupt, adulterate, falsify, spoil, mar, etc.:

litteras publicas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:

tabulas publicas,

id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 104; id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

mores civitatis (opp. corrigere),

id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; Quint. 1, 2, 4:

disciplinam,

Tac. H. 3, 49:

fides, quam nec cupiditas corrumpat, nec gratia avertat,

Quint. 12, 1, 24:

totidem generibus corrumpitur oratio, quot ornatur,

id. 8, 3, 58:

nomen eorum paulatim Libyes corrupere,

Sall. J. 18, 10; cf. Ov. F. 5, 195:

multo dolore corrupta voluptas,

imbittered, Hor. S. 1, 2, 39:

gratiam,

to forfeit, Phaedr. 4, 24, 18:

(littera) continuata cum insequente in naturam ejus corrumpitur,

Quint. 8, 3, 45; cf.:

oris plurima vitia in peregrinum sonum corrupti,

id. 1, 1, 13:

quamvis sciam non corrumpi in deterius quae aliquando etiam a malis... fiunt,

Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 6:

ineluctabilis fatorum vis consilia corrumpit,

Vell. 2, 57, 3.—

In partic. (acc. to II. B. b.), to bribe:

nutricis fidem,

Ov. M. 6, 461.—Hence, corruptus ( conr-, cŏrup-), a, um, P. a., spoiled, marred, corrupted, bad.

Lit.:

caelum,

Lucr. 6, 1135 Munro ad loc.; cf.:

tractus caeli,

Verg. A. 3, 138: aqua corruptior jam salsiorque, Auct. B. Alex. 6 fin.:

iter factum corruptius imbri,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95 al. —

Trop.

Of the forms of words, mutilated, corrupted (opp. integer), Quint. 1, 5, 68.—

Bad, corrupt:

quis corruptor juventutis, quis corruptus, qui? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 7:

homines conruptissimi,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 7 Dietsch.— Subst.: corrupta, ōrum, n., the spoiled parts (of the body), Cels. praef. § 43.— Adv.: corruptē, corruptly, perversely, incorrectly (very rare): judicare neque depravate neque corrupte, * Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71: pronuntiare verba, in a mutilated manner, Gell. 13, 30, 9.— Comp.:

explicare,

Sen. Contr. 2, 9:

intimi libertorum servorumque corruptius quam in privatā domo habiti,

Tac. H. 1, 22; cf. 2, 12 Halm.

cor-rumpo ( conr-), rāpi, ruptum (rumptum), 3, v. a. (orig., to break to pieces; hence),

To destroy, ruin, waste, bring to naught (class., but less freq. than in the signif. II.].

Lit.:

reliquum frumentum flumine atque incendio corruperunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 55:

domum et semet igni conrumpunt,

Sall. J. 76, 6; cf.:

plura igni,

id. ib. 92, 3;

92, 8: res familiares,

id. ib. 64, 5:

ungues dentibus,

i. e. to bite, Prop. 2, 4, 3 (13).—

Trop.:

diem,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 31:

animo male'st: corrupta sum atque absumpta sum,

id. Am. 5, 1, 6:

se suasque spes,

Sall. J. 33, 4:

illos dubitando et dies prolatando magnas opportunitates corrumpere,

to lose, id. C. 43, 3:

consilia,

Vell. 2, 57, 3:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 1, 75:

foedera,

Sil. 12, 303:

omnem prospectum,

id. 5, 34 al. —

With regard to the physical or moral quality of an object, to corrupt, mar, injure, spoil, adulterate, make worse, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

corrumpitur jam cena,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 102; so,

prandium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 49:

conclusa aqua facile conrumpitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:

aquarum fontes,

Sall. J. 55, 8:

corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula leto,

Verg. G. 3, 481:

coria igni ac lapidibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

ne plora, oculos corrumpis,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

ocellos lacrimis,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 57:

artus febribus,

id. H. 19 (20), 117; cf.:

stomachum (medicamentum),

Scrib. Comp. 137:

umor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus,

fermented, Tac. G. 23 init.:

vinum in acorem corrumpitur,

Macr. S. 7, 12, 11.— Poet., without the access. idea of impairing:

ebur corrumpitur ostro,

is stained, Stat. Achill. 1, 308.—

Trop. (so most freq.),

Of personal objects, to corrupt, seduce, entice, mislead:

perde rem, Corrumpe erilem filium,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 20; 1, 1, 27 sq.; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 3, 15:

me ex amore hujus esse corrumptum,

id. As. 5, 2, 33; Ter. And. 2, 3, 22:

mulierem,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 2; cf.

feminas,

Suet. Caes. 50:

(vitiosi principes) non solum obsunt, ipsi quod corrumpuntur, sed etiam quod corrumpunt,

Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

quos (milites) soluto imperio, licentia atque lascivia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5; cf. id. C. 53, 5 et saep.—

In partic., to gain to one's self by gifts, etc.; to bribe, buy over, etc.

With abl.:

aliquem pecuniā,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53; Sall. J. 34, 1:

auro,

id. ib. 32, 3:

pretio, Cic'. Caecin. 25, 72: turpi largitione,

id. Planc. 15, 37:

donis,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

muneribus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 57 et saep.—

Without abl.:

ne alios corrumpas, cum me non potueris,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3; id. Lys. 3, 2 bis; Sall. J. 29, 2; Hor. S. 2, 2, 9 et saep.—

Of things as objects, to corrupt, adulterate, falsify, spoil, mar, etc.:

litteras publicas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:

tabulas publicas,

id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 104; id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

mores civitatis (opp. corrigere),

id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; Quint. 1, 2, 4:

disciplinam,

Tac. H. 3, 49:

fides, quam nec cupiditas corrumpat, nec gratia avertat,

Quint. 12, 1, 24:

totidem generibus corrumpitur oratio, quot ornatur,

id. 8, 3, 58:

nomen eorum paulatim Libyes corrupere,

Sall. J. 18, 10; cf. Ov. F. 5, 195:

multo dolore corrupta voluptas,

imbittered, Hor. S. 1, 2, 39:

gratiam,

to forfeit, Phaedr. 4, 24, 18:

(littera) continuata cum insequente in naturam ejus corrumpitur,

Quint. 8, 3, 45; cf.:

oris plurima vitia in peregrinum sonum corrupti,

id. 1, 1, 13:

quamvis sciam non corrumpi in deterius quae aliquando etiam a malis... fiunt,

Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 6:

ineluctabilis fatorum vis consilia corrumpit,

Vell. 2, 57, 3.—

In partic. (acc. to II. B. b.), to bribe:

nutricis fidem,

Ov. M. 6, 461.—Hence, corruptus ( conr-, cŏrup-), a, um, P. a., spoiled, marred, corrupted, bad.

Lit.:

caelum,

Lucr. 6, 1135 Munro ad loc.; cf.:

tractus caeli,

Verg. A. 3, 138: aqua corruptior jam salsiorque, Auct. B. Alex. 6 fin.:

iter factum corruptius imbri,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95 al. —

Trop.

Of the forms of words, mutilated, corrupted (opp. integer), Quint. 1, 5, 68.—

Bad, corrupt:

quis corruptor juventutis, quis corruptus, qui? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 7:

homines conruptissimi,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 7 Dietsch.— Subst.: corrupta, ōrum, n., the spoiled parts (of the body), Cels. praef. § 43.— Adv.: corruptē, corruptly, perversely, incorrectly (very rare): judicare neque depravate neque corrupte, * Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71: pronuntiare verba, in a mutilated manner, Gell. 13, 30, 9.— Comp.:

explicare,

Sen. Contr. 2, 9:

intimi libertorum servorumque corruptius quam in privatā domo habiti,

Tac. H. 1, 22; cf. 2, 12 Halm.

cor-rumpo ( conr-), rāpi, ruptum (rumptum), 3, v. a. (orig., to break to pieces; hence),

To destroy, ruin, waste, bring to naught (class., but less freq. than in the signif. II.].

Lit.:

reliquum frumentum flumine atque incendio corruperunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 55:

domum et semet igni conrumpunt,

Sall. J. 76, 6; cf.:

plura igni,

id. ib. 92, 3;

92, 8: res familiares,

id. ib. 64, 5:

ungues dentibus,

i. e. to bite, Prop. 2, 4, 3 (13).—

Trop.:

diem,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 31:

animo male'st: corrupta sum atque absumpta sum,

id. Am. 5, 1, 6:

se suasque spes,

Sall. J. 33, 4:

illos dubitando et dies prolatando magnas opportunitates corrumpere,

to lose, id. C. 43, 3:

consilia,

Vell. 2, 57, 3:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 1, 75:

foedera,

Sil. 12, 303:

omnem prospectum,

id. 5, 34 al. —

With regard to the physical or moral quality of an object, to corrupt, mar, injure, spoil, adulterate, make worse, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

corrumpitur jam cena,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 102; so,

prandium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 49:

conclusa aqua facile conrumpitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:

aquarum fontes,

Sall. J. 55, 8:

corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula leto,

Verg. G. 3, 481:

coria igni ac lapidibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

ne plora, oculos corrumpis,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

ocellos lacrimis,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 57:

artus febribus,

id. H. 19 (20), 117; cf.:

stomachum (medicamentum),

Scrib. Comp. 137:

umor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus,

fermented, Tac. G. 23 init.:

vinum in acorem corrumpitur,

Macr. S. 7, 12, 11.— Poet., without the access. idea of impairing:

ebur corrumpitur ostro,

is stained, Stat. Achill. 1, 308.—

Trop. (so most freq.),

Of personal objects, to corrupt, seduce, entice, mislead:

perde rem, Corrumpe erilem filium,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 20; 1, 1, 27 sq.; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 3, 15:

me ex amore hujus esse corrumptum,

id. As. 5, 2, 33; Ter. And. 2, 3, 22:

mulierem,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 2; cf.

feminas,

Suet. Caes. 50:

(vitiosi principes) non solum obsunt, ipsi quod corrumpuntur, sed etiam quod corrumpunt,

Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

quos (milites) soluto imperio, licentia atque lascivia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5; cf. id. C. 53, 5 et saep.—

In partic., to gain to one's self by gifts, etc.; to bribe, buy over, etc.

With abl.:

aliquem pecuniā,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53; Sall. J. 34, 1:

auro,

id. ib. 32, 3:

pretio, Cic'. Caecin. 25, 72: turpi largitione,

id. Planc. 15, 37:

donis,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

muneribus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 57 et saep.—

Without abl.:

ne alios corrumpas, cum me non potueris,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3; id. Lys. 3, 2 bis; Sall. J. 29, 2; Hor. S. 2, 2, 9 et saep.—

Of things as objects, to corrupt, adulterate, falsify, spoil, mar, etc.:

litteras publicas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:

tabulas publicas,

id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 104; id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

mores civitatis (opp. corrigere),

id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; Quint. 1, 2, 4:

disciplinam,

Tac. H. 3, 49:

fides, quam nec cupiditas corrumpat, nec gratia avertat,

Quint. 12, 1, 24:

totidem generibus corrumpitur oratio, quot ornatur,

id. 8, 3, 58:

nomen eorum paulatim Libyes corrupere,

Sall. J. 18, 10; cf. Ov. F. 5, 195:

multo dolore corrupta voluptas,

imbittered, Hor. S. 1, 2, 39:

gratiam,

to forfeit, Phaedr. 4, 24, 18:

(littera) continuata cum insequente in naturam ejus corrumpitur,

Quint. 8, 3, 45; cf.:

oris plurima vitia in peregrinum sonum corrupti,

id. 1, 1, 13:

quamvis sciam non corrumpi in deterius quae aliquando etiam a malis... fiunt,

Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 6:

ineluctabilis fatorum vis consilia corrumpit,

Vell. 2, 57, 3.—

In partic. (acc. to II. B. b.), to bribe:

nutricis fidem,

Ov. M. 6, 461.—Hence, corruptus ( conr-, cŏrup-), a, um, P. a., spoiled, marred, corrupted, bad.

Lit.:

caelum,

Lucr. 6, 1135 Munro ad loc.; cf.:

tractus caeli,

Verg. A. 3, 138: aqua corruptior jam salsiorque, Auct. B. Alex. 6 fin.:

iter factum corruptius imbri,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95 al. —

Trop.

Of the forms of words, mutilated, corrupted (opp. integer), Quint. 1, 5, 68.—

Bad, corrupt:

quis corruptor juventutis, quis corruptus, qui? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 7:

homines conruptissimi,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 7 Dietsch.— Subst.: corrupta, ōrum, n., the spoiled parts (of the body), Cels. praef. § 43.— Adv.: corruptē, corruptly, perversely, incorrectly (very rare): judicare neque depravate neque corrupte, * Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71: pronuntiare verba, in a mutilated manner, Gell. 13, 30, 9.— Comp.:

explicare,

Sen. Contr. 2, 9:

intimi libertorum servorumque corruptius quam in privatā domo habiti,

Tac. H. 1, 22; cf. 2, 12 Halm.

cor-rumpo ( conr-), rāpi, ruptum (rumptum), 3, v. a. (orig., to break to pieces; hence),

To destroy, ruin, waste, bring to naught (class., but less freq. than in the signif. II.].

Lit.:

reliquum frumentum flumine atque incendio corruperunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 55:

domum et semet igni conrumpunt,

Sall. J. 76, 6; cf.:

plura igni,

id. ib. 92, 3;

92, 8: res familiares,

id. ib. 64, 5:

ungues dentibus,

i. e. to bite, Prop. 2, 4, 3 (13).—

Trop.:

diem,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 31:

animo male'st: corrupta sum atque absumpta sum,

id. Am. 5, 1, 6:

se suasque spes,

Sall. J. 33, 4:

illos dubitando et dies prolatando magnas opportunitates corrumpere,

to lose, id. C. 43, 3:

consilia,

Vell. 2, 57, 3:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 1, 75:

foedera,

Sil. 12, 303:

omnem prospectum,

id. 5, 34 al. —

With regard to the physical or moral quality of an object, to corrupt, mar, injure, spoil, adulterate, make worse, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

corrumpitur jam cena,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 102; so,

prandium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 49:

conclusa aqua facile conrumpitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:

aquarum fontes,

Sall. J. 55, 8:

corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula leto,

Verg. G. 3, 481:

coria igni ac lapidibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

ne plora, oculos corrumpis,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

ocellos lacrimis,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 57:

artus febribus,

id. H. 19 (20), 117; cf.:

stomachum (medicamentum),

Scrib. Comp. 137:

umor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus,

fermented, Tac. G. 23 init.:

vinum in acorem corrumpitur,

Macr. S. 7, 12, 11.— Poet., without the access. idea of impairing:

ebur corrumpitur ostro,

is stained, Stat. Achill. 1, 308.—

Trop. (so most freq.),

Of personal objects, to corrupt, seduce, entice, mislead:

perde rem, Corrumpe erilem filium,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 20; 1, 1, 27 sq.; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 3, 15:

me ex amore hujus esse corrumptum,

id. As. 5, 2, 33; Ter. And. 2, 3, 22:

mulierem,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 2; cf.

feminas,

Suet. Caes. 50:

(vitiosi principes) non solum obsunt, ipsi quod corrumpuntur, sed etiam quod corrumpunt,

Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

quos (milites) soluto imperio, licentia atque lascivia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5; cf. id. C. 53, 5 et saep.—

In partic., to gain to one's self by gifts, etc.; to bribe, buy over, etc.

With abl.:

aliquem pecuniā,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53; Sall. J. 34, 1:

auro,

id. ib. 32, 3:

pretio, Cic'. Caecin. 25, 72: turpi largitione,

id. Planc. 15, 37:

donis,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

muneribus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 57 et saep.—

Without abl.:

ne alios corrumpas, cum me non potueris,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3; id. Lys. 3, 2 bis; Sall. J. 29, 2; Hor. S. 2, 2, 9 et saep.—

Of things as objects, to corrupt, adulterate, falsify, spoil, mar, etc.:

litteras publicas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:

tabulas publicas,

id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 104; id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

mores civitatis (opp. corrigere),

id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; Quint. 1, 2, 4:

disciplinam,

Tac. H. 3, 49:

fides, quam nec cupiditas corrumpat, nec gratia avertat,

Quint. 12, 1, 24:

totidem generibus corrumpitur oratio, quot ornatur,

id. 8, 3, 58:

nomen eorum paulatim Libyes corrupere,

Sall. J. 18, 10; cf. Ov. F. 5, 195:

multo dolore corrupta voluptas,

imbittered, Hor. S. 1, 2, 39:

gratiam,

to forfeit, Phaedr. 4, 24, 18:

(littera) continuata cum insequente in naturam ejus corrumpitur,

Quint. 8, 3, 45; cf.:

oris plurima vitia in peregrinum sonum corrupti,

id. 1, 1, 13:

quamvis sciam non corrumpi in deterius quae aliquando etiam a malis... fiunt,

Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 6:

ineluctabilis fatorum vis consilia corrumpit,

Vell. 2, 57, 3.—

In partic. (acc. to II. B. b.), to bribe:

nutricis fidem,

Ov. M. 6, 461.—Hence, corruptus ( conr-, cŏrup-), a, um, P. a., spoiled, marred, corrupted, bad.

Lit.:

caelum,

Lucr. 6, 1135 Munro ad loc.; cf.:

tractus caeli,

Verg. A. 3, 138: aqua corruptior jam salsiorque, Auct. B. Alex. 6 fin.:

iter factum corruptius imbri,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95 al. —

Trop.

Of the forms of words, mutilated, corrupted (opp. integer), Quint. 1, 5, 68.—

Bad, corrupt:

quis corruptor juventutis, quis corruptus, qui? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 7:

homines conruptissimi,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 7 Dietsch.— Subst.: corrupta, ōrum, n., the spoiled parts (of the body), Cels. praef. § 43.— Adv.: corruptē, corruptly, perversely, incorrectly (very rare): judicare neque depravate neque corrupte, * Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71: pronuntiare verba, in a mutilated manner, Gell. 13, 30, 9.— Comp.:

explicare,

Sen. Contr. 2, 9:

intimi libertorum servorumque corruptius quam in privatā domo habiti,

Tac. H. 1, 22; cf. 2, 12 Halm.

dĭes (dīes, Liv. Andron. Fragm. Odys. 7), ēi ([etilde]ī, Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. S. 1, 8, 35 et saep.;

dissyl.: di-ei,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 31; also gen. dies, die, and dii—dies, as in acies, facies, pernicies, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14; Ann. v. 401 Vahl.; Cic. Sest. 12, 28 ap. Gell. l. l.:

die,

Prisc. p. 780 P.; even in Verg. G. 1, 208, where Gellius reads dies, v. Wagner ad loc., nearly all MSS. have die; cf. Rib. and Forbig. ad loc.; so,

die,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 59; id. Capt. 4, 2, 20; Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 5; id. B. C. 1, 14, 3; 3, 76, 2; Just. 2, 11, 17; cf. Oud. ad B. G. 2, 23, 1. Die appears to be certain in Sall. J. 52, 3; 97, 3. Also in Cic. Sest. 12, 28, Gellius reads dies, where our MSS., except the Cod. Lamb., have diei;

perh. those words do not belong to Cicero himself. Form dii,

Verg. A. 1, 636, Rib. and Forbig. after Serv. and Gell. l. l.— Dat., diēī, saep. die, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 120, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 208; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 48; id. Capt. 3, 1, 4; id. Trin. 4, 2, 1;

once dii,

id. Merc. 1, Prol. 13; cf. Roby, Gram. 1, 121 sq.); m. (in sing. sometimes f., esp. in the signif. no. I. B. 1.) [root Sanscr. dī, gleam: dinas, day; Gr. dios, heavenly; cf. Lat. Jovis (Diovis), Diana, deus, dīvus, etc. Old form, dius (for divus); cf.: nudius, diu, etc. The word also appears in composition in many particles, as pridem, hodie, diu, etc., v. Corss. Auspr. 2, 855 sq.], a day (cf.: tempus, tempestas, aetas, aevum, spatium, intervallum).

Lit.

In gen., the civil day of twenty-four hours.

Masc.:

dies primus est veris in Aquario... dies tertius... dies civiles nostros, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3; Gell. 3, 2: REBVS IVRE IVDICATIS TRIGINTA DIES IVSTI SVNTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; and 15, 13 fin.; for which;

per dies continuos XXX., etc.,

Gai. Inst. 3, 78: multa dies in bello conficit unus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 297 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

non uno absolvam die,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 73:

hic dies,

id. Aul. 4, 9, 11:

hic ille est dies,

id. Capt. 3, 3, 3:

ante hunc diem,

id. ib. 3, 4, 101:

illo die impransus fui,

id. Am. 1, 1, 98; cf.:

eo die,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22 fin.; 2, 6; 2, 32 fin.; 4, 11, 4; 5, 15 fin. et saep.:

postero die,

id. ib. 1, 15, 1; 3, 6, 3 et saep.; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17; Sall. J. 29, 5; 38, 9 et saep.:

in posterum diem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 41 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 65 fin. et saep.:

diem scito esse nullum, quo die non dicam pro reo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3:

domi sedet totos dies,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 34:

paucos dies ibi morati,

Caes. B. G. 7, 5, 4:

dies continuos XXX. sub bruma esse noctem,

id. ib. 5, 13, 3:

hosce aliquot dies,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 4; cf. id. Eun. 1, 2, 71 et saep.:

festo die si quid prodegeris,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10; so,

festus,

id. Cas. 1, 49; id. Poen. 3, 5, 13; 4, 2, 26 et saep.—

Fem. (freq. in poetry metri gratiā; rare in prose), postrema, Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14:

omnia ademit Una dies,

Lucr. 3, 912; cf. id. 3, 921; 5, 96 and 998: homines, qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem in his horis XXIV. nati sunt, una die nati dicuntur, Varr. ap. Gell. 3, 2, 2 (uno die, Macr. S. 1, 3):

quibus effectis armatisque diebus XXX., a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36 fin.:

Varronem profiteri, se altera die ad colloquium venturum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 4 (for which, shortly before: quo cum esset postero die ventum); cf.:

postera die,

Sall. J. 68, 2 (for which, in the same author, more freq.:

postero die): pulchra,

Hor. Od. 1, 36, 10:

suprema,

id. ib. 1, 13, 20:

atra,

Verg. A. 6, 429:

tarda,

Ov. M. 15, 868 et saep.—(But Caes. B. C. 3, 26, 1; 3, 37, 1, read altero, tertio.)—

Connections:

postridie ejus diei, a favorite expression of Caesar,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23, 1: 1, 47, 2; 1, 48, 2 et saep., v. postridie;

and cf.: post diem tertium ejus diei,

Cic. Att. 3, 7; Sulpic. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; Liv. 27, 35:

diem ex die exspectabam,

from day to day, id. ib. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

diem ex die ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; for which also: diem de die prospectans, Liv. 5, 48; and: diem de die differre, id. 25, 25: LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO, for every day, day by day, daily, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.:

affatim est hominum, in dies qui singulas escas edunt,

Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 10; so,

in dies,

every day, Cic. Top. 16, 62; Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7; 5, 58, 1; 7, 30, 4; Vell. 2, 52, 2; Liv. 21, 11 Drak.; 34, 11 al.; less freq. in sing.:

nihil usquam sui videt: in diem rapto vivit,

Liv. 22, 39; cf.:

mutabilibus in diem causis (opp. natura perpetua),

id. 31, 29 (in another signif. v. the foll., no. II. A. 3); and: cui licet in diem ( = singulis diebus, daily) dixisse Vixi, etc., Hor. Od. 3, 29, 42. And still more rarely: ad diem, Treb. Gallien. 17; Vop. Firm. 4:

ante diem, v. ante.—Die = quotidie or in diem,

daily, Verg. E. 2, 42; 3, 34:

quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi,

id. A. 11, 397:

paucissimos die composuisse versus,

Quint. 10, 3, 8:

saepius die,

Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 22: die crastini, noni, pristini, quinti, for die crastino, nono, etc., v. h. vv. crastinus, nonus, etc.; and cf. Gell. 10, 24; Macr. S. 1, 4.—

In partic.

A set day, appointed time, term in the widest sense of the word (for appearing before court, in the army, making a payment, etc.).

Masc.: MORBVS SONTICVS... STATVS DIES CVM HOSTE... QVID HORVM FVIT VNVM IVDICI ARBITROVE REOVE DIES DIFFISVS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12; Fest. p. 273, 26 Müll.; for which: STATVS CONDICTVSVE DIES CVM HOSTE, acc. to Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4;

and with comic reference to the words of this law,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5 (found also in Macr. S. 1, 16);

and freq.: status dies,

Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 1; Suet. Claud. 1; Flor. 1, 13, 16 et saep.:

hic nuptiis dictus est dies,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 75; cf.:

dies colloquio dictus est ex eo die quintus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42, 4; so,

dictus,

id. ib. 5, 27, 5:

iis certum diem conveniendi dicit,

id. ib. 5, 57, 2:

die certo,

Sall. J. 79, 4; cf.

constituto,

id. ib. 13 fin.:

decretus colloquio,

id. ib. 113, 3:

praestitutus,

Liv. 3, 22:

praefinitus,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109; Gell. 16, 4, 3:

ascriptus,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 8 et saep.:

quoniam advesperascit, dabis diem nobis aliquem, ut contra ista dicamus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40; Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; id. B. C. 1, 11, 2; Sall. J. 109, 3; Liv. 35, 35 et saep.:

dies ater,

an unlucky day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25.—

Fem. (so commonly in this sense in class. prose, but only in sing., v. Mützell ad Curt. 3, 1, 8):

ut quasi dies si dicta sit,

Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11; so,

dicta,

Cic. Fam. 16, 10 fin.; cf.:

edicta ad conveniendum,

Liv. 41, 10 fin.:

praestituta,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; 2, 2, 28; Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 38; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14 fin.; id. Vatin. 15, 37; id. Tusc. 1, 39; Liv. 45, 11 et saep.; cf.

constituta,

Cic. Caecin. 11, 32; Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 2; 1, 8, 3: certa eius rei constituta, id. B. C. 3, 33, 1:

pacta et constituta,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:

statuta,

Liv. 31, 29:

stata,

id. 27, 23 fin.:

certa,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 4, 5, 1, 8; id. B. C. 1, 2, 6; Nep. Chabr. 3 et saep.:

annua,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23; id. Att. 12, 3 fin.; cf.

longa,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 18:

die caecā emere, oculatā vendere,

i. e. to buy on credit and sell for cash, id. Ps. 1, 3, 67, v. caecus, no. II. B.:

haec dies summa hodie est, mea amica sitne libera, an, etc.,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 34:

puto fore istam etiam a praecone diem,

Cic. Att. 13, 3:

ubi ea dies venit (preceded by tempore ejus rei constituto),

Caes. B. G. 7, 3:

praeterita die, qua suorum auxilia exspectaverant,

id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 6, 33, 4:

esse in lege, quam ad diem proscriptiones fiant,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128 et saep.—

Both genders together:

diem dicunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant: is dies erat a. d. V. Kal. Apr., etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin.; Cic. Att. 2, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 34, 35 al.—

Hence: dicere diem alicui, to impeach, lay an accusation against:

diem mihi, credo, dixerat,

Cic. Mil. 14, 36:

Domitium Silano diem dixisse scimus,

id. Div. in Caec. 20, 67.—

A natural day, a day, as opp. to night: ut vel, quia est aliquid, aliud non sit, ut Dies est, nox non est; vel, quia est aliquid, et aliud sit: Sol est super terram, dies est, Quint. 5, 8, 7: pro di immortales, quis hic illuxit dies, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 76:

credibile non est, quantum scribam die, quin etiam noctibus,

in the daytime, id. Att. 13, 26:

negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

in a single day and night, id. N. D. 2, 9, 24; cf.

in this signif.: die ac nocte,

Plin. 29, 6, 36, § 113:

nocte et die,

Liv. 25, 39;

and simply die,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 4; Quint. 10, 3, 8; cf.

also: currus rogat ille paternos, Inque diem alipedum jus et moderamen equorum,

Ov. M. 2, 48; and, connected with nox:

(Themistocles) diem noctemque procul ab insula in salo navem tenuit in ancoris,

Nep. Them. 8 fin.; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 27, 59; Liv. 22, 1 fin. —But more freq.: diem noctemque, like our day and night, i. q. without ceasing, uninterruptedly; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 11; 7, 42 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 62;

for which less freq.: diem et noctem,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 38, 1;

diem ac noctem,

Liv. 27, 4 and 45:

noctemque diemque,

Verg. A. 8, 94; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 23:

continuate nocte ac die itinere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 11, 1; 3, 36, 8; and in plur.:

dies noctesque,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 49; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 113; Cic. Att. 7, 9 fin.; Nep. Dat. 4, 4 et saep.; also, reversing the order: noctesque diesque, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 338 ed. Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 1, 76:

noctesque et dies,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 52; id. Eun. 5, 8, 49:

noctes atque dies,

Lucr. 2, 12; 3, 62; Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 51; Verg. A. 6, 127 al.:

noctes diesque,

id. ib. 9, 488:

noctes ac dies,

Cic. Arch. 11, 29:

noctes et dies,

id. Brut. 90, 308; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Tusc. 5, 25 and 39; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 49; cf.

also: neque noctem neque diem intermittit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 38:

Galli dies... sic observant, ut noctem dies subsequatur,

id. ib. 6, 18, 2 Herz ad loc. So, too, in gen.:

qui nocte dieque frequentat Limina,

Mart. 10, 58, 11:

cum die,

at break of day, Ov. M. 13, 677:

orto die ( = orta luce),

Tac. A. 1, 20; 1, 68; id. H. 2, 21:

ante diem ( = ante lucem),

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 35:

dies fit, late Lat. for lucescit,

Vulg. Luc. 22, 66: de die, in open day, broad day; v. de.—

Dies alicujus (like the Heb. ; v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v.).

I. q. dies natalis, a birthday:

diem meum scis esse III. Non. Jan. Aderis igitur,

Cic. Att. 13, 42, 2; cf.

in full: natali die tuo,

id. ib. 9, 5 al. So the anniversary day of the foundation of a city is, dies natalis urbis, Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.—

I. q. dies mortis, dying-day:

quandocumque fatalis et meus dies veniet statuarque tumulo,

Tac. Or. 13 fin. Called, also: supremus dies. Suet. Aug. 99; id. Tib. 67; cf.:

supremus vitae dies,

Cic. de Sen. 21, 78; Suet. Aug. 61. Hence:

diem suum obire,

to die, Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2;

and in the same sense: obire diem supremum,

Nep. Milt. 7 fin.; id. Dion. 2 fin.; Suet. Claud. 1:

exigere diem supremum,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

explere supremum diem,

id. ib. 1, 6; 3, 76;

and simply: obire diem,

Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248; Suet. Tib. 4; id. Vesp. 1; id. Gr. 3; cf.

also: fungi diem,

Just. 19, 1, 1.—

I. q. dies febris, fever-day: etsi Non. Mart., [p. 574] die tuo, ut opinor, exspectabam epistolam a te longiorem, Cic. Att. 9, 2 init.; 7, 8, 2 al.

Transf.

In gen. (from no. I. A.).

A day, for that which is done in it (cf. the Hebr., the Gr. eleutheron êmar, etc.):

is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 3:

non tam dirus ille dies Sullanus C. Mario,

id. Att. 10, 8, 7:

equites Romanos daturos illius diei poenas,

id. Sest. 12, 28:

hic dies et Romanis refecit animos et Persea perculit,

Liv. 42, 67 Drak.; cf. id. 9, 39 fin.; Vell. 2, 35 Ruhnk.; 2, 86; Just. 9, 3 fin.; Flor. 2, 6, 58 Duker.:

imponite quinquaginta annis magnum diem,

Tac. Agr. 34:

quid pulchrius hac consuetudine excutiendi totum diem?... totum diem mecum scrutor, facta ac dicta mea remetior, etc., Sen. de Ira, 3, 36: dies Alliensis, i. q. pugna Alliensis,

Liv. 6, 1; Suet. Vit. 11:

Cannensis,

Flor. 4, 12, 35 al. And so even of one's state of mind on any particular day:

qualem diem Tiberius induisset,

what humor, temper, Tac. A. 6, 20. —

A day's journey:

hanc regionem, dierum plus triginta in longitudinem, decem inter duo maria in latitudinem patentem,

Liv. 38, 59; Just. 36, 2, 14 al.—

In gen. (like, hêmera, and our day, for) time, space of time, period:

diem tempusque forsitan ipsum leniturum iras,

Liv. 2, 45;

so with tempus,

id. 22, 39; 42, 50: amorem intercapedine ipse lenivit dies, Turp. ap. Non. 522, 7;

so in the masc. gender: longus,

Stat. Th. 1, 638; Luc. 3, 139;

but also longa,

Plaut. Epid. 4, 1, 18; Plin. Ep. 8, 5 fin.; cf.

perexigua,

a brief respite, Cic. Verr. 1, 2 fin.:

nulla,

Ov. M. 4, 372 al.:

ex ea die ad hanc diem quae fecisti, in judicium voco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

ut infringatur hominum improbitas ipsa die, quae debilitat cogitationes, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6; cf. id. ib. 7, 28 fin.; id. Tusc. 3, 22, 53 al.: indutiae inde, non pax facta;

quarum et dies exierat, et ante diem rebellaverant,

i. e. the term of the truce, Liv. 4, 30 fin.; 30, 24; 42, 47 fin. (for which: quia tempus indutiarum cum Veienti populo exierat, id. 4, 58).—Prov.:

dies adimit aegritudinem,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 13: dies festus, festival-time, festival:—diem festum Dianae per triduum agi, Liv. 25, 23 et saep.:

die lanam et agnos vendat,

at the right time, Cato R. R. 150, 2:

praesens quod fuerat malum, in diem abiit,

to a future time, Ter. Ph. 5, 2, 16; so in diem, opp. statim, Q. Cic. Pet. cons. 12, 48;

and simply in diem,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 48; Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 19; Cic. Cael. 24.—Esp. freq. in diem vivere, to live on from day to day, regardless of the future, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 4 et saep; cf. the equivoque with de die, under de.—

In partic. (acc. to no. I. B. 2— poet., and in postAug. prose).

Light of day, daylight:

contraque diem radiosque micantes Obliquantem oculos,

Ov. M. 7, 411; 5, 444; 13, 602:

multis mensibus non cernitur dies,

Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 70; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; 9, 36, 2 al.; also of the eyesight, Stat. Th. 1, 237;

and trop. of the conscience: saeva dies animi scelerumque in pectore Dirae,

id. ib. 1, 52.—

For caelum, the sky, the heavens:

sub quocumque die, quocumque est sidere mundi,

Luc. 7, 189; 1, 153:

incendere diem nubes oriente remotae,

id. 4, 68; 8, 217; Stat. Th. 1, 201.—Hence, like caelum,

The weather:

totumque per annum Durat aprica dies,

Val. Fl. 1, 845:

tranquillus,

Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

mitis,

id. 11, 10, 10, § 20:

pestilens,

id. 22, 23, 49, § 104.—

The air:

nigrique volumina fumi Infecere diem,

Ov. M. 13, 600:

cupio flatu violare diem,

Claud. in Ruf. 1, 63.

Dies personified.

I. q. Sol, opp. Luna, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 21;

coupled with Mensis and Annus,

Ov. M. 2, 25.—

As fem., the daughter of Chaos, and mother of Heaven and Earth, Hyg. Fab. praef.; of the first Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59.

dŏmo, ui, ĭtum (also dŏmāvi, Poëta ap. Charis. p. 252 P.; cf. Flor. 3, 22, 6:

domata,

Petr. 74, 14), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. root dam-, dām - yāmi, to be tame; Gr. damnêi, damar, damalês, dmôs; Germ. zähmen; Eng. tame], to tame, to break (class.; for syn. cf.: vinco, supero, devinco, fundo, fugo, profligo, subigo, subicio).

Lit.:

boves,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 2; Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 7; 13; cf. poet.: vim taurorum, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 252 P. (Trag. v. 315 ed. Vahl.):

et condocefacere feras beluas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161; cf. id. Rep. 2, 40; id. Off. 2, 4, 14; Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 64:

pecus,

Sall. J. 75, 4:

vitulos,

Verg. G. 3, 164:

elephantos,

Plin. 8, 8, 8, § 25 et saep.:

asinum ad aliquid,

Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 4; cf.:

boves aratro,

Col. 6, 22, 1; so,

trop., linguam,

Vulg. Jac. 3, 8.—

Transf., to subdue, vanquish, overcome, conquer:

quas nationes nemo umquam fuit, quin frangi domarique cuperet,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13 fin.; so id. ib. § 32; id. Font. 1, 2; Liv. 7, 32; Tac. Agr. 13; Hor. C. 1, 12, 54; 2, 12, 6 ct saep.; cf. poet.: hostis vino domiti somnoque sepulti, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. 291 ed. Vahl.): quae te cumque domat Venus. Hor. C. 1, 27, 14:

acrior illum Cura domat,

Verg. G. 3, 539:

illos longa domant inopi jejunia victu,

Ov. M. 1, 312:

terram rastris,

Verg. A. 9, 608:

ferrum igne,

Plin. 36, 27, 68, § 200; cf.:

plurima sulphure,

id. 35, 15, 50, § 174:

vim fluminis,

Liv. 21, 30; cf.:

impetus fluminum,

Plin. 36, 1, 1, § 1.— Poet.: uvam prelo, 1. e. to press, Hor C. 1, 20, 9 partem tergoris ferventibus undis, i e. to boil soft, Ov. M. 8, 651:

impexos crines certo ordine,

Stat. Achill. 1, 328:

domitos habere oculos et manus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 81; cf.:

domitas habere libidines, coercere omnes cupiditates,

Cic. de Or. 1, 43 fin.:

virtus omnia domuerat,

Sall. C. 7, 5; cf.:

horrida verba,

Tib. 1, 5, 6:

avidum spiritum,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 9:

invidiam,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 12:

iracundias,

Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 144 et saep.

lăcĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [lacer], to tear to pieces, to mangle, rend, mutilate, lacerate (class., esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: lanio, discerpo).

Lit.:

quin spolies, mutiles, laceres quemquam nacta sis,

Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 8: lacerat lacertum Largi mordax Memmius, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 240:

corpus uti volucres lacerent in morte feraeque,

Lucr. 3, 880:

membra aliena,

Juv. 15, 102; cf.: lacerato corpore, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 95 Vahl.):

morsu viscera, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8: ora, comas, vestem lacerat,

Ov. M. 11, 726:

amictus,

Sil. 13, 389:

genas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 51:

verbere terga,

id. F. 2, 695:

Tum autem Syrum impulsorem, vah, quibus illum lacerarem modis,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 17:

tergum virgis,

Liv. 3, 58; 26, 13:

unguibus cavos recessus luminum,

Sen. Oedip. 968:

quid miserum laceras?

Verg. A. 3, 41:

ferro,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 46:

loricam,

Verg. A. 12, 98: lacerari morsibus saevis canum, Phaedr. 1, 12, 11:

ferae corpus lacerabant,

Petr. 115 sq.:

carnes dentibus,

Vulg. Job, 13, 4; id. Gen. 40, 19.—

Esp.

To break up, to wreck, shatter:

navem Ulixis,

Ov. P. 3, 6, 19:

majorem partem classis,

Vell. 2, 79, 3:

naves,

Liv. 29, 8:

navigia,

Curt. 4, 3, 18:

lecticam,

Suet. Aug. 91.—

To cut up, carve:

obsonium,

Petr. 36:

anserem,

id. 137; 74.—

To waste, plunder: cum Hannibal terram Italiam laceraret atque vexaret, Cato ap. Serv. Verg. E. 6, 7, 6:

orbem,

Juv. 4, 37.—

Trop.

To tear to pieces with words, to censure, asperse, abuse, rail at:

obtrectatio invidiaque, quae solet lacerare plerosque,

Cic. Brut. 42, 156:

optimum virum verborum contumeliis,

id. Phil. 11, 2:

aliquem probris,

Liv. 31, 6:

Pompeium dempto metu lacerant,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 21 Dietsch:

meque vosque male dictis,

id. J. 85, 26:

famam alicujus,

to slander, calumniate, id. 38, 54:

alicujus carmina,

Ov. P. 4, 16, 1:

lacerari crebro vulgi rumore,

Tac. A. 15, 73.—

To distress, torture, pain, afflict:

intolerabili dolore lacerari,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

quam omni crudelitate lacerastis,

id. Dom. 23, 59:

quid laceras pectora nostra morā?

Ov. H. 15, 212:

meus me maeror cottidianus lacerat et conficit,

Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2; cf.:

aegritudo lacerat, exest animum planeque conficit,

id. Tusc. 3, 13, 27.—

To ruin, destroy, dissipate, squander, waste:

male suadendo et lustris lacerant homines,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 22:

patriam omni scelere,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

bonorum emptores, ut carnifices, ad reliquias vitae lacerandas et distrahendas,

to scatter, disperse, Cic. Quint. 15, 50:

pecuniam,

to squander, id. Verr. 2, 3, 70, § 164:

lacerari valde suam rem,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; cf.:

bona patria manu, ventre,

to lavish, squander, Sall. C. 14, 2:

diem,

to waste, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 25; id. Stich. 3, 1, 45.

rē̆-clūdo ( - claudo, Coripp. 3 Joann. 118), si, sum, 3, v. a.

(Acc. to re, II. 1.) To unclose what had been closed, to open, throw or lay open; to disclose, reveal ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

syn.: resero, aperio, pando): pergam pultare ostium. Heus reclude: heus, Tranio, etiam aperis?

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 28:

natus nemo in aedibus servat, neque qui recludat neque respondeat,

id. ib. 2, 2, 22; id. Poen. 3, 4, 19; id. Rud. 2, 3, 82; cf.

fores,

Lucr. 3, 360:

aeratas hosti rēcludere portas,

Ov. M. 8, 41; cf. id. ib. 7, 647; Tac. A. 14, 44; Prop. 3, 19, 24:

ostia,

Lucr. 3, 366:

portas,

Verg. A. 7, 617; 9, 675; Ov. M. 14, 781:

viam arcis,

id. ib. 14, 776:

reclusā Mane domo vigilare,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

stabula,

Ov. H. 8, 17:

adyta,

Verg. A. 3, 92:

locum,

Quint. 7, 2, 44:

armarium,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 10:

pectora pecudum (in augury),

Verg. A. 4, 63:

specus quaerendis venis argenti,

Tac. A. 11, 20:

recludit se specus,

Sil. 13, 424:

humum,

to dig up, Tac. A. 2, 25; cf.:

tellurem dente unco,

to break up, till, Verg. G. 2, 423.—

Of the underworld: regna recludat Pallida,

Verg. A. 8, 244:

non optanda regna,

Sil. 13, 523:

januam leti,

Val. Fl. 4, 231.— Of the grave: aequa tellus Pauperi recluditur, Hor. C. 2, 18, 33:

contecta vulnera (with aperire),

Tac. H. 2, 77:

pectus mucrone,

Verg. A. 10, 601; cf.:

ense pectus,

Hor. Epod. 17, 71; and:

ense jugulum,

Ov. M. 7, 285:

ensem,

to draw, unsheathe, Verg. A. 4, 646; 9, 423:

thesauros tellure,

to disclose, reveal, id. ib. 1, 358; id. G. 2, 423; cf. id. ib. 12, 924:

(ubi sol) caelum aestivā luce reclusit,

id. ib. 4, 52.—Of springs:

ora fontana,

Ov. F. 1, 269:

fontes,

Verg. G. 2, 175:

psittacus reclusus,

set free, Stat. S. 2, 4, 32. —

Trop.: iram, to unclose, let loose, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 66:

subdolus avaritiam ac libidinem occultans: quae postquam pecuniā reclusa sunt, etc.,

Tac. A. 16, 32; cf.:

ebrietas operta recludit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 16:

si recludantur tyrannorum mentes,

Tac. A. 6, 6:

superas mentes,

Sil. 1, 19; cf.:

principis justitiam, gravitatem, comitatem,

Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 2:

virtus recludens immeritis mori Caelum,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 21:

(Mercurius) Non lenis precibus fata recludere,

to relax, obviate the decrees of fate, id. ib. 1, 24, 17.—

To shut off or up (postclass. and rare):

singulas separatim,

Just. 1, 9, 16:

ficus a se separatas,

Pall. 4, 10, 33:

matronas in carcerem,

Just. 26, 1, 7; cf. Tert. Idol. 17 fin.:

tamquam recluso Jani templo,

Amm. 16, 10, 1 (in Flor. 4, 12, 64, dub.):

speculum,

Stat. S. 3, 4, 93; Vulg. Lev. 13, 4:

aliquem in carcerem,

id. Num. 15, 34.—

Trop.:

quod cognatis a praetore apertum est, hoc agnatis esse reclusum,

Just. Inst. 3, 2, 7:

nebulā recludens omnia,

Sedul. 5, 390.

rŭo, ŭi, ŭtum (ruiturus, a, um, Ov. M. 4, 459; Luc. 7, 404; Mart. 1, 88, 4; Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 8; gen. plur. part. ruentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. n. and a., to fall with violence, rush down; to fall down, tumble down, go to ruin (cf.: labor, procumbo, cado).

Neutr. (very freq. and class.).

Lit. Rarely of persons:

caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant Victores victique,

Verg. A. 10, 756; so Val. Fl. 7, 642.—Of things:

ruere illa non possunt, ut haec non eodem labefacta motu concidant,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

spectacula runnt,

fell down, tumbled down, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47; cf.:

parietes ruunt,

id. Most. 1, 2, 36:

lateres veteres,

id. Truc. 2, 2, 50; so,

aedes,

id. Am. 5, 1, 43; id. Most. 1, 2, 69:

omnia tecta (supra aliquem),

Lucr. 4, 403; Liv. 4, 21, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 68 al.:

altae turres,

Lucr. 5, 307:

moles et machina mundi,

id. 5, 96:

murus,

Liv. 21, 11:

templa deum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 104;

aulaea,

id. ib. 2, 8, 71:

acervus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 47:

murus latius quam caederetur,

Liv. 21, 11:

tecta in agris,

id. 4, 21:

silices a montibus altis,

Lucr. 5, 314:

alto a culmine Troja,

Verg. A. 2, 290.— Poet.:

caeli templa,

Lucr. 1, 1105: ruit arduus aether, it rains, or the rain descends in torrents, Verg. G. 1, 324; cf. id. A. 8, 525:

caelum imbribus immodicis,

Mart. 3, 100, 3; cf.:

caelum in se,

Liv. 40, 58:

ruit imbriferum ver,

i.e. is ending, hastening to its close, Verg. G. 1, 313; cf.:

turbidus imber aquā,

id. A. 5, 695:

tempestas,

Tac. A. 1, 30.

Prov.: caelum ruit, the sky is falling; of any thing very improbable: Cl. Quid tum, quaeso, si hoc pater resciverit? Sy. Quid si nunc caelum ruat? Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41. —

Transf., of rapid, hasty movements, to hasten, hurry, run, rush (cf.:

volo, curro): id ne ferae quidem faciunt, ut ita ruant atque turbentur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; cf. id. Att. 7, 7, 7:

(Pompeium) ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,

id. ib. 7, 20, 1:

huc omnis turba ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

Aeneadae in ferrum ruebant,

id. ib. 8, 648:

per proelia,

id. ib. 12, 526:

quidam inermes ultro ruere ac se morti offerre,

Tac. Agr. 37:

contis gladiisque ruerent,

id. A. 6, 35:

in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27 fin.:

in castra fugientes,

id. 24, 16, 2: in vulnera ac tela, id. 26, 44:

promiscue in concubitus,

id. 3, 47:

eques pedesque certatim portis ruere,

id. 27, 41:

ad urbem infesto agmine,

id. 3, 3:

ad portas,

Tac. A. 1, 66:

ad convivium,

id. H. 2, 68 fin.:

per vias,

id. ib. 5, 22:

destinatā morte in proelium,

Flor. 2, 18, 12:

ruebant laxatis habenis aurigae,

Curt. 4, 15, 3:

de montibus amnes,

Verg. A. 4, 164:

flumina per campos,

Ov. M. 1, 285:

in Galliam Rhenus,

Tac. H. 5, 19.— Poet., of time:

vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano Nox,

i.e. hastens up, sets in, Verg. A. 2, 250:

revoluta ruebat dies,

was advancing, hastening on, id. ib. 10, 256; cf. of the setting of the sun, Val. Fl. 1, 274; App. M. 3, p. 136, 19.— Of sound, to break forth:

antrum, unde ruunt totidem voces, responsa Sibyllae,

Verg. A. 6, 44.—

Trop.

(Acc. to A. 1.) To fall, fail, sink (very rare):

ratio ruat omnis,

Lucr. 4, 507:

quae cum accidunt nemo est quin intellegat, ruere illam rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 12:

Vitellium ne prosperis quidem parem, adeo ruentibus debilitatum,

by his falling fortunes, Tac. H. 3, 64:

tam florentes Atheniensium opes ruisse,

Just. 5, 1, 9.—

(Acc. to A. 2.) To rush, dash, hurry, hasten, run, etc. (freq. and class.):

tamquam ad interitum ruerem voluntarium,

Cic. Marcell. 5, 14:

emptorem pati ruere et per errorem in maximam fraudem incurrere,

to act hastily, commit an oversight, id. Off. 3, 13, 55; cf. Liv. 3, 11:

cum cotidie rueret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133; id. Att. 2, 14, 1; Quint. 2, 20, 2:

compescere ruentes,

Tac. H. 1, 56; 2, 63 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 34:

ad seditiones et discordias et bella civilia,

id. ib. 1, 46:

crudelitatis odio in crudelitatem ruitis,

Liv. 3, 53:

in servitium,

Tac. A. 1, 7:

in exitium,

id. H. 1, 84:

in sua fata,

Ov. M. 6, 51:

omnia fatis In pejus,

Verg. G. 1, 200:

quo scelesti ruitis?

Hor. Epod. 7, 1:

quo ruis,

Verg. A. 10, 811; Ov. M. 9, 428:

multos video, quā vel impudentiā vel fames duxit, ruentes,

Quint. 2, 20, 2.— Poet., with inf.:

quo ruis imprudens, vage, dicere fata?

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 71:

scire ruunt,

Luc. 7, 751; Stat. Th. 7, 177; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 387.— Impers. pass.:

ut ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur,

Liv. 8, 24.—

Act., to cast down with violence, to dash down, tumble down, hurl to the ground, prostrate (except the jurid. phrase ruta caesa, perh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose, for in the passage, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 2, seu ruet seu eriget rem publicam, ruet might be neutr.)

Lit.:

imbres fluctusque... frangere malum, Ruere antennas, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18:

naves (vis venti),

Lucr. 1, 272:

res impetibus crebris (venti),

id. 1, 293:

ceteros ruerem, agerem, raperem, funderem et prosternerem,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 21:

immanem molem volvuntque ruuntque,

Verg. A. 9, 516:

cumulos ruit pinguis harenae,

breaks down, levels, id. G. 1, 105: sese superne in praedam, to cast one ' s self upon, App. Flor. 1, p. 341, 6.—

Poet., transf., to cast up from the bottom, to turn up, throw up, rake up: cum mare permotum ventis, ruit intus harenam, casts up (syn. eruit), Lucr. 6, 726; cf.:

totum (mare) a sedibus imis (venti),

Verg. A. 1, 85:

spumas salis aere,

id. ib. 1, 35:

cinerem et confusa Ossa focis,

id. ib. 11, 211:

atram nubem ad caelum (ignis),

id. G. 2, 308:

unde Divitias aerisque ruam, dic, augur, acervos,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 22.—Hence, rŭtus, a, um, P. a., found only in the phrase rūta et caesa or rūta caesa (acc. to Varro, the u was pronounced long, although it is short in the compounds erutus, obrutus, etc.:

in venditionis lege fundi ruta caesa ita dicimus, ut U producamus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 104).—In jurid. lang., every thing dug up (ruta) and cut down (caesa) on an estate without being wrought, and which is reserved by the owner at a sale; the timber and minerals: si ruta et caesa excipiantur in venditione, ea placuit esse ruta, quae eruta sunt, ut harena, creta et similia;

caesa ea esse, ut arbores caesas, et carbones et his similia, etc.,

Dig. 19, 1, 17:

in rutis caesis ea sunt, quae terrā non tenentur, quaeque opere structili tectoriove non continentur,

ib. 50, 16, 241:

ruta caesa dicuntur, quae venditor possessionis sui usus gratiā concidit ruendoque contraxit,

Fest. p. 262 Müll.:

ut venditores, cum aedes fundumve vendiderint rutis caesis receptis, concedant tamen aliquid emptori, quod ornandi causā apte et loco positum esse videatur,

Cic. Top. 26, 100: dicet te ne in rutis quidem et caesis solium tibl fraternum recepisse, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226.

signum, i, n. [perh. Sanscr. sag-, to cling to, adhere; cf. sigilla].

In gen., a mark, token, sign, indication (very frequent in all styles and periods; cf.

insigne): meo patri torulus inerit aureus Sub petaso: id signum Amphitruoni non erit,

Plaut. Am. prol. 145 sq.:

ut eam (nutricem) adducam et signa ostendam haec, i. e. crepundia,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 38; 5, 3, 5:

ut fures earum rerum, quas ceperunt, signa commutant, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74; so (with notae) id. de Or. 2, 41, 174; id. Lael. 17, 62; cf.:

omne probabile aut signum est aut credibile... Signum est, quod sub sensum aliquem cadit et quiddam significat, quod ex ipso profectum videtur, etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 30, 47 sq.:

aut pecori signum aut numeros inpressit acervis,

Verg. G. 1, 263; cf.:

servitii signum cervice gerens,

Ov. M. 3, 16:

jaculo mihi vulnera fecit.—Signa vides: apparet adhuc vetus ecce cicatrix,

Ov. M. 12, 444:

metam Constituit signum nautis pater, unde reverti Scirent, etc.,

Verg. A. 5, 130:

scutum signi gratia positum,

Quint. 6, 3, 38:

signa pedum,

tracks, prints, Ov. M. 4, 543;

and simply signa,

Verg. A. 8, 212 al.:

oculis mihi signum dedit, Ne se appellarem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

dare,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11:

dicere deos gallis signum dedisse cantandi,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57 al.:

signa esse ad salutem,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

animi pudentis signum,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 68:

color pudoris signum,

id. And. 5, 3, 7:

signa doloris ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

mortis dare,

Lucr. 6, 1182:

timoris mittere,

to exhibit, display, Caes. B. C. 1, 71 et saep.—With obj.-clause:

magnum hoc quoque signum est, dominam esse extra noxiam,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 57; Nep. Att. 17, 2.—In predic. gen. with neutr. pron.: hoc est signi;

ubi primum poterit, se illinc subducet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 14:

id erit signi me invitum facere, quod, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83; Auct. Her. 4, 5, 8; Cato, R. R. 38, 4; 88, 2:

nil tamen est signi,

Lucr. 5, 918; cf.:

quid signi?

Cic. Cael. 16, 38, 2.— Hence, a surname, epithet (rare):

huic signum exercitus apposuit,

Vop. Am. 6; cf. Capitol. Gord. 4.—

In partic.

In milit. lang.

The distinctive sign of a division of an army.

A military standard, ensign, banner (including the aquila):

signifero interfecto, signo amisso,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

ut neque signiferi viam, nec signa milites cernerent,

Liv. 33, 7:

Hasdrubal ut procul signa legionum fulgentia vidit,

id. 28, 14; 22, 21; Col. 9, 9, 4:

inter signa militaria,

Hor. Epod. 9, 15:

cum unius signi militibus pergit ire,

Liv. 33, 1:

signa militaria ex proelio relata,

Caes. B. C. 3, 99; so,

militaria,

id. B. G. 7, 2; Plin. 33, 33, 19, § 58.—

Hence the expressions: signa sequi,

to follow the standards, to march in military order, Sall. J. 80, 2; Liv. 24, 48, 11:

signa subsequi,

to keep in order of battle, Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

signa observare,

Sall. J. 51, 1:

signa servare,

Liv. 8, 34, 10; Veg. Mil. 1, 9:

ab signis discedere,

to desert the standards, leave the ranks, Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 33 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 44; Liv. 25, 20 al.; cf.:

ab ordinibus signisque discedere,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3:

signa relinquere,

to desert, Sall. C. 9, 4; Liv. 5, 6 al.:

signa deserere,

Liv. 8, 34, 9: signa ferre, i. e. to break up the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 39 fin.; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 49, 3; 10, 5 al.;

for which: movere signa,

id. 1, 14, 9; 27, 2, 12; Verg. G. 3, 236; and:

tollere,

Vell. 2, 61, 2; Auct. B. Alex. 57, 1;

but: ferte signa in hostem,

attack, Liv. 9, 23, 13:

signa constituere,

to halt, Caes. B. G. 7, 47; cf.:

infestis contra hostes signis constiterunt,

id. ib. 7, 51:

signa proferre,

to advance, Liv. 4, 32, 10: signa convertere, to wheel, turn, or face about, Caes. B. G. 1, 25 fin.; 2, 26: Liv. 8, 11; 2, 14; 4, 29; for which, [p. 1698] vertere signa, id. 9, 35:

signa inferre (in aliquem),

to advance to the attack, make an assault, Caes. B. G. 1, 25 fin.; 2, 26; 7, 67; id. B. C. 2, 42; Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 23; Sall. J. 56, 5; Liv. 2, 53; 9, 27; 44, 12 al; cf.:

signa conferre cum aliquo,

to engage with, engage in close fight, Cic. Att. 7, 5, 5; id. Pis. 21, 49;

and cf.: collatis signis pugnare, superare aliquem, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 44; Liv. 1, 33; 2, 50; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 66; but conferre signa also means simply to bring the standards together (to one place), Caes. B. G. 7, 2; 2, 25; Liv. 37, 21:

signa in laevum cornu confert,

concentrates his troops, id. 7, 15, 4:

signa transferre,

to desert, Caes. B. C. 1, 24: signa convellere, to take up the standards, which had been fixed in the ground, Liv. 3, 7, 3; 3, 54, 10; 5, 37, 4; so,

vellere signa,

id. 3, 50, 11; Verg. G. 4, 108:

revellere signa,

Luc. 7, 77; cf.:

signa figere,

to encamp, Amm. 27, 10, 9:

defigere signa,

Sil. 8, 625:

sub signis ducere legiones, ire, esse, etc.,

together, in order, in rank and file, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71 (with ordine); Cic. Att. 16, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 51; Tac. H. 2, 14:

signa hostium turbare,

to throw into disorder, Liv. 9, 73:

ante signa,

before the army, id. 5, 18; 6, 7; 7, 16:

post signa,

id. 2, 49.—

Transf., in gen.:

infestis prope signis inferuntur Galli in Fonteium,

Cic. Font. 20, 44 (16, 34).—

Esp., the standard or ensign of single cohorts and maniples (opp. aquila, the standard of the entire legion):

cum fasces, cum tubas, cum signa militaria, cum aquilam illam argenteam... scirem esse praemissam,

Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 13; Galb. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 5; Suet. Calig. 14 fin. Oud.; Tac. A. 1, 18; id. H. 2, 29 fin.; Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23; Luc. 1, 6; 1, 224 al. (cf. aquila, 2.):

manipulos exercitus minimas manus quae unum sequuntur signum,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 88 Müll.—

Meton., a cohort, a maniple:

octo cohortes in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio artius collocat,

Sall. C. 59, 2; Liv. 8, 9; 25, 23 fin.; 33, 1; 27, 14; 28, 14; Auct. B. Hisp. 18, 3.—

A sign, signal; a watchword, password, given by a wind-instrument, by the tessera, or otherwise:

signum tubā dare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20; 7, 81:

proelii committendi dare,

id. ib. 2, 21:

recipiendi dare,

id. ib. 7, 52:

receptui dare,

Liv. 4, 31; 26, 45; 3, 22; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

signum dare ut, etc.,

Liv. 2, 20; 4, 39:

proelii exposcere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

concinere,

id. B. C. 3, 92 fin.; Liv. 30, 5; cf. Tac. A. 1, 68:

canere,

Sall. C. 59, 1; id. J. 99, 1; Liv. 1, 1; 4, 31; 27, 47; Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 3 al. (v. cano).—For the chariot race:

signum mittendis quadrigis dare,

Liv. 8, 40, 3: signum mittere, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107: signo Felicitatis dato, the word, watchword, Felicitas, Auct. B. Afr. 83:

signum petere,

Suet. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 42; id. Ner. 9; cf.:

it bello tessera signum,

Verg. A. 7, 637.— Transf.:

tu illam (virtutem) jubes signum petere,

i. e. to be in subjection, Sen. Ben. 4, 2, 2.—

A sign or token of any thing to come; a prognostic, symptom (cf.:

portentum, indicium): ipse et equus ejus repente concidit: nec eam rem habuit religioni, objecto signo, ut peritis videbatur, ne committeret proelium,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

medici signa quaedam habent ex venis et ex spiritu aegroti,

id. ib. 2, 70, 145; cf. Verg. G. 3, 440; 3, 503; 4, 253; Cels. 2, 3:

prospera signa dare,

Ov. H. 18 (19), 152.—

An image, as a work of art; a figure, statue, picture, etc. (syn.: effigies, imago, simulacrum);

inerant (classi) signa expressa, Titani quomodo, etc.,

Naev. 2, 13: statuas deorum, exempla earum facierum, s gna domi pro supellectile statuere, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 782 P.:

signum pictum in pariete,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 44:

signum in fano,

id. Rud. 2, 7, 2:

aëna signa,

Lucr. 1, 318:

ante signum Jovis Statoris concidit,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

signum aeneum, marmoreum, eburneum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1; cf. id. Off. 1, 41, 147; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 248:

cratera impressum signis,

Verg. A. 5, 536; 5, 267; 9, 263:

(vestis) auro signisque ingentibus apta,

Lucr. 5, 1428:

ex ornatis aedibus per aulaea et signa,

Sall. H. 2, 23, 2 Dietsch:

pallam signis auroque rigentem,

Verg. A. 1, 648:

e Pario formatum marmore signum,

Ov. M. 3, 419; cf. id. ib. 5, 183;

12, 398: statuas, signa, picturas commendet,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 5.—

An image or device on a seal-ring; a seal, signet: ostendi tabellas Lentulo, et quaesivi, cognosceretne signum. Annuit. Est vero, inquam, notum signum, imago avi tui, etc., Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

(patera) in cistulā obsignata signo est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 265; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 117:

tabulae maximae signis hominum nobilium consignantur,

id. Quint. 6, 25:

imprimat his signa tabellis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 38:

litterae integris signis praetoribus traduntur,

Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6; Sall. C. 47, 3:

signo laeso non insanire lagenae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 134:

volumen sub signo habere,

to have under seal, Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4; cf.:

sub signo claustrisque rei publicae positum vectigal,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21:

nec pacta conventaque inpressis signis custodirentur,

Sen. Ben. 3, 15, 1:

cum sol duodena peregit signa,

Ov. M. 13, 618.—

A sign in the heavens, a constellation (cf. sidus):

caeli subter labentia signa,

Lucr. 1, 2:

loca caelio Omnia, dispositis signis ornata,

id. 5, 695:

signorum ortus et obitus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

signis omnibus ad idem principium stellisque revocatis,

id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

in signo leonis,

id. Div. 1, 53, 121:

signorum obitus speculari et ortus,

Verg. G. 1, 257; id. A. 7, 138:

signum pluviale Capellae,

Ov. F. 5, 113:

ponemusque suos ad vaga signa dies,

id. ib. 1, 310:

nox caelo diffundere signa parabat,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 10; cf. id. C. 2, 8, 11.—

Miraculous works (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Dan. 3, 99; id. Matt. 24, 24; id. Joan. 2, 11 et saep.