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121 κάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `reed', often metaph. of objects made of reed, `flute of reed, fishing rod, writing teed' etc. (h. Merc. 47 [cf. Zumbach Neuerungen 5], Pi., IA.); on the botanical meaning Strömberg Theophrastea 100f.Compounds: Several compp., esp. in the botan. terminology (Strömberg Theophrastea 112), z. B. μονο-κάλαμος `with single stalk' (Thphr.), καλαμη-φόρος `with reed' (X. HG 2, 1, 2; v. l. -o-; cf. Schwyzer 526), καλαμη-τόμος `cutting off stalks' (A. R.).Derivatives: καλάμη f. `stalk or straw' (Hom., Hdt., X., Arist.).- Diminut. καλαμίσκος (Ar., medic.), καλάμιον (pap.); καλαμίς f. name of several objects made of reed (hell.; cf. Chantraine Formation 342f.); καλαμία (- εία) `reed' (pap.; collective); καλαμών `id.' (lit. pap.); καλαμάριον `reed-case' (pap.). - καλαμεύς `fisher' (Pankrat. ap. Ath.; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 75); also καλαμευτής `id.' (AP; as if from *καλαμεύω, cf. Chantraine 318); καλαμίτης `with κάλαμος etc.' (D.; s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 81f.). - καλάμινος `made of reed' (IA.), καλαμόεις `of reed' (E. in lyr.), καλαμώδης `full of reed, reed-like' (Arist., Thphr.), καλαμικός `id.' (pap.). - καλαμόω `provide with reed, bind (a bone) with reed' (Gal.) with καλαμωτή `fence of r.' (Eust.,H.); καλαμίζω `blow a reed-flute' (Ath.). - From καλάμη: καλαμαία f. kind of grasshopper (Theoc. 10, 18), καλαμαῖον n. kind of cicade (Paus. Gr., H.) cf. Gil Emerita 25, 315f.; cf. Georgacas Glotta 31, 216), καλαμάομαι `collect grain-stalks, gather ears (of corn) ' (Kratin., LXX, Plu.) with καλάμημα (Thd.).Etymology: Old word for `reed, straw' wit forms in Latin ( culmus), in Germanic, e. g. OHG halm, in Baltic and Slavic, e. g. OPr. salme `straw', Latv. salms, Russ. solóma, Serb. slȁma. All forms except κάλαμος, - μη can go back to IE. *ḱolh₂mo-, ḱolh₂mā-; therefore κάλαμος has been explained from *κόλαμος (cf. ποταμός, πλόκ-αμος), through assimilation; but note on - μος, - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 283f. But the form may have been * klh₂-em-. - From κάλαμος Lat. calamus (s. Ernout-Meillet) like Skt. kaláma- `writing reed', and Arab. qalam \> Osman. kalém \> NGr. καλέμι (Maidhof Glotta 10, 11). - More forms in W.-Hofmann s. culmus, calamus, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. solóma, Pok. 612.Page in Frisk: 1,760-761Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάλαμος
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122 καλιά
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: Iion. - ιήDerivatives: - Diminutive καλί̄διον (Eup.); καλιάς, - άδος f. `hut, sest, chapel' (Attica IVa, D. H., Plu.) with καλιάδιον (Delos IIa).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Through the almost generally long ῑ (Scheller Oxytonierung 91) καλιά distinguishes itself from the oxytona in - ιά. As the etymological connection is therefore unclear, the connection with καλύπτω etc. (s. v.) becomes doubtfull. Acc. to Pisani IF 58, 246 here Osc. kaíla `aedem, sacellum' with metathesis (?). (Not to Skt. kulā́ya- n. (m.) `wicker-work, nest, house' s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,764Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καλιά
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123 κελαινός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `black, dark' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. (with haplology) in κελαι(νο)-νεφής `with black clouds', of Ζεύς (Hom., Pi.); also of αἷμα (Hom.), of πεδίον, σκότος (Pi.), for the explanation Leumann Hom. Wörter 202ff.Derivatives: Denomin. verbs: κελαινόομαι `get dark' (A. Ch. \>413, lyr.), κελαινιάω `be black' (Opp., Nonn.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732).Origin: XX [etym. unknown], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Morphologically isolated and therefore difficult to assess. For the ending cf. περκνός, ἐρεμνός a. o., but κελαι- remains unclear. If one assumes a ιο-suffix (with metathesis) we arrive at an n-stem, which may be found in Lat. colum-ba `dove' (after the colour), Prellwitz BB 22, 102f. (Skt. kalaṅka- m. `spot, dirt' is prob. of Dravidian origin (Mayrhofer KEWA. s. v.). - Further s. κηλίς. - One might think of a Pre-Greek *kelany-o-, with palatalized n.Page in Frisk: 1,813-814Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κελαινός
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124 κερτομέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `taunt, insult, mock, ridicule' (almost only poetic, Il.).Other forms: aor. (rare) κερτομῆσαι.Derivatives: Also κέρτομος `insulting, slandering' (pöet. Hes. Op. 788) with κερτομίαι pl. `mockery, slander' (Hom.; diff. Porzig Satzinhalte 207f.); also with ιο-suffix κερτόμιος `id.' (Hom., S. in lyr.), κερτόμησις (S. Ph. 1236). From ἐπικερτομέω: ἐπικερτόμ-ημα (Demetr.), - ησις (Hdn.) and as back-formation ἐπικέρτομος (Q. S.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Expressive word of unknown origin. Acc. to Prellwitz Wb. s. v. univerbation of κείρειν and τέμνειν (cf. the formations in Schwyzer 645; s. also on λοιδορέω); similar, but in detail unclear, Radermacher Festschrift Kretschmer 149ff. Brugmann IF 15, 97f. assumes *κέρ-στομος `having a mocking mouth' (cf. ἐΰ-στομος) also from κείρειν (s. also Benveniste Origines 68 and on σκερβόλλω). Acc. to others (cf. W.-Hofmann s. carinō) the group of κάρνη was also involved in the formation of the 1. element. Diff. again Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 583. - Whether κέρτομος was the basis of κερτομέω seems doubtful; it was rather a backformation (cf. Risch 181). - Fur. 349 reminds of καρτομιστής χλευαστής H. (`mocker'). The variant vocalism shows Pre-Greek origin. The root has been connected with Lat. carināre, and the words cited under κάρνη. Schrijver, Larr. in Latin, 429 is no doubt right to connect the group σκερβόλλω, - βολέω, κερβόλλουσα `insult, mock, slander', which is again connected with ( σ)κέραφος, σχέραφος. All these words are clearly Pre-Greek (thus also Schrijver). The second elements are unknown; are they compounds? Fur. 349 n. 46 suggest σ comparison with Hitt. kartimmii̯a `be angry', kartimnu `get angry', though the meaning is not exactly the same. (Wrong therefore Perpillou RPh. LXXV (2001)145f.)Page in Frisk: 1,832-833Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κερτομέω
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125 κήρυξ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `herald, messenger'; also `trumpet-shell` (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. karuke \/kārūkes\/.Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in δρομο-κήρυξ `courier' (Aeschin.).Derivatives: 1. Feminine: κηρύκαινα `heraldess' (Ar. Ek. 713; moment. formation, cf. Chantraine Formation 108); 2. Patronymic: Κηρυκίδαι m. `descendants of the Athenian family of the Κήρυκες' (Poll.). 3. Adjectives: κηρύκειος `belonging to the herald' (S.), mostly ntr. κηρύκ(ε)ιον, Dor. κᾱρ-, Ion. κηρυκήϊον `herald's wand' (IA. Dor.; Lat. LW [loanword] cādūceum, - eus; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v.), also as constellation (Scherer Gestirnnamen 200); `auctioneer's fee, tax on auction sales' (hell. inscr. a. pap.); ΚαρυκήϜιος Boeot. name of Apollon (Tanagra, Thebes, VIa; Schwyzer 468); κηρυκικός `regarding the herald, town crier' (Pl.; Chantraine Étud. sur le vocab. gr. 135f.), - ινος `belonging to the herald' (pap., Suid.), - ώδης `like the trumpetshell' (Arist.). - Denomin. verbs: 1. κηρύσσω, - ύττω, κᾱρ- `be herald, broadcast, announce' (Il.) with κήρυγμα `herald's cry, announcement' (IA.), κηρυγμός (sch.), κήρυξις (D. C.) `id.'; 2. κηρυκεύω `function as herald, announce' (Att.) with κηρυκεία, - ηΐη `herald's service' (IA.), κηρύκευμα `announcement' (A. Th. 651), - ευσις `id.' (Suid.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Generally compared with Skt. kārú- `singer, poet'. Beekes, Languages in Prehist. Europe, 2003, 109-116 showed that Greek does not have a `enlargement' κ (as per Schwyzer 496; his examples are few and doubtful); then, in this way we could not explain the long υ; words with -ῡκ- all have very different meanings and are probably un-IE. Therefore the word is most probably Pre-Greek. - Unexplained was the gloss κορύγης κῆρυξ. Δωριεῖς H. As Pre-Greek only had the vowels α (ι, υ), it will have had *καρυγ- with α \> ο before following υ (note that this α will have been short), so it will be a variant of the same word.Page in Frisk: 1,845Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κήρυξ
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126 κῑνέω
κῑνέωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `set in movement, drive away, shake' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. κινῆσαι.Derivatives: κίνημα, κίνησις `movement, agitation' (IA.) with παρα-κινηματικός (Ph.), κινητικός `moving, movable' (IA.; Chantraine Étude sur le vocab. gr. 101); κινηθμός `movement' (Pi.; on the meaning Benveniste Origines 201); κινώ = κίνησις (Emp. 123, 2; after H. Dor.); κινητήρ `mover, agitator' (h. Hom., Pi.; of Poseidon; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 108; 153; Benveniste Noms d'agent 39 a. 42) with κινητήριος (A.); κινητής `id.' (Ar., Plb.); κίνηθρον (Poll.), - ητρον (Eust.) `spoon (for stirring)'; κινητήριον `brothel' (Eup.; from κινεῖν sens. obsc.); - a back-formation from ἀπο-κινεῖν is ἀπόκινος m. name of a comic dance (Com.). - Besides κί̄νυμαι `move oneself, κινέομαι' only present-stem (Il.), incid. with ἐν-, ἐπι-, ὑπο- (Q. S.); intensive lengthening is κινύσσομαι `be heavily moved, be excited' (A. Ch. 196; Schwyzer 716) with κίνυγμα `moved, light object, playing ball, toy' (A. Pr. 158, anap.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [538] *ḱei- `set in movement'Etymology: Because of κίνυμαι we must assume for κινέω an older *κινέϜ-ω, for *κι-νευ-μι; the non-present forms κινῆ-σαι etc. are therefore analogical formations. Schwyzer 696 w. n. 5. κι-νυ-μαι, *κι-νευ-μι is an old νυ-present; s. κίω, also σεύω.Page in Frisk: 1,855Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῑνέω
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127 κλέος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `fame, renown' (Il.).Other forms: Phoc. κλέϜοςCompounds: Compp., esp. in PN, e. g. Κλεο-μένης (shortname Κλέομ(μ)ις) with tansit in the o-stems, beside Κλει-σθένης (from *ΚλεϜεσ- or *ΚλεϜι-σθένης), Τιμο-κλέϜης (Cypr.) etc.; s. Fick-Bechtel Personennamen 162ff., Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 238ff.; on Thess. etc. - κλέας for - κλέης Kretschmer Glotta 26, 37.Derivatives: Adjective κλεινός, Aeol. κλέεννος (\< *κλεϜεσ-νός) `famous' (Sol., Pi.) with Κλεινίας a. o. - Enlargement after the nouns in -( η)δών (cf. Schwyzer 529f., Chantraine Formation 361): κλεηδών, - όνος f. (Od.), κληηδών (δ 312; metr. lengthening), κληδών (Hdt., trag.; contraction resp. adaptation to κλῄζω, κικλήσκω; s. below) `fame, (divine) pronouncement'; from it κληδόνιος (sch., Eust.), κληδονίζομαι, - ίζω (LXX) with - ισμα, - ισμός. - Denomin. verb: 1. κλείω (Il.), κλέω (B., trag. in lyr.) `celebrate, praise, proclaim', hell. also `call' (after κλῄζω, s. below), κλέομαι `enjoy fame, be celebrated' (Ω 202), hell. also `be called'; basis *κλεϜεσ-ι̯ω \> *κλε(Ϝ)έω, from where κλείω, κλέω; s. Wackernagel BphW 1891 Sp. 9; see Frisk GHÅ 56: 3 (1950) 3ff., where the possibility is discussed that κλέω (from where κλείω with metr. lengthening) is a backformation of κλέος after ψεύδω: ψεῦδος (thus Risch par. 31 a). Diff. e. g. Schulze Q. 281: κλείω denomin. from *κλεϜεσ-ι̯ω, but κλέω, κλέομαι old primary formation; diff. again Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 346 w. n. 3: κλέω primary, from where with metrical lengthening κλείω; further s. Frisk l. c. - From κλείω, κλέω as agent noun Κλειώ, Κλεώ, - οῦς f. "the one who gives fame", name of one of the Muses (Hdt., Pi.). - 2. κλεΐζω (Pi.; εὑκλεΐζω from εὑκλεής also Sapph., Tyrt.), κληΐζω (Hp., hell.), κλῄζω (Ar.), aor. κλεΐξαι resp. κληΐσαι, κλῃ̃σαι, κλεῖσαι, fut. κλεΐξω, κληΐσω, κλῄσω etc., `celebrate, praise, proclaim', also `call' (after κικλήσκω, καλέω; from there also the notation κλη-); basis *κλεϜεσ-ίζω; diff. e. g. Schulze Q. 282ff., s. Bq s. κλείω and Schwyzer 735 n. 7; cf. also Fraenkel Glotta 4, 36ff.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [606] *ḱleuos `fame'Etymology: Old verbal noun of a word for `hear', found in several languages: Skt. śrávas- n. `fame' ( κλέος ἄφθιτον: ákṣiti śrávaḥ), Av. sravah- n. `word', OCS slovo n. `word', also OIr. clū and Toch. A klyw, B kälywe `fame', and also Illyr. PN Ves-cleves (= Skt. vásu-śravas- `having good fame'; cf. Εὑ-κλῆς). The denomin. κλε(ί)ω \< *κλεϜεσ-ι̯ω also agrees to Skt. śravasyáti `praise', which therefore can be pre-Greek. Further s. κλύω. - On κλέος s. Steinkopf and Greindl s. εὔχομαι, and Greindl RhM 89, 217ff.Page in Frisk: 1,869-870Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλέος
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128 κνόος
κνόος, κνοῦςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `the grinding sound of the wheel against the axle', also (A. Fr. 237) `the sound of feet when marching'; also (through mixing with χνόη) `axle-box, nave' (H., Phot.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not well attested and therefore hard to judge. Mostly one sees a full grade noun to κνύω `scratch' (s. v.).Page in Frisk: 1,886Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνόος
См. также в других словарях:
therefore — 1. This is the most resilient of the adverbs in there and has been part of the core language since the 12c. It is always pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, and can be placed in various positions in a sentence, including the… … Modern English usage
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Therefore — There fore, conj. & adv. [OE. therfore. See {There}, and {Fore}, adv., {For}, and cf. {Therefor}.] 1. For that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that. [1913 Webster] I have married a wife, and therefore I can not come … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
therefore — O.E. þærfore; from THERE (Cf. there) + fore, Old English and Middle English collateral form of FOR (Cf. for). Since c.1800, therefor has been used in sense of for that, by reason of that; and therefore in sense of in consequence of that … Etymology dictionary
therefore — index consequently Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
therefore — [adv] as a result; for that reason accordingly, and so, consequently, ergo, for, forasmuch as, for this reason, hence, inasmuch as, in consequence, in that event, on account of, on the grounds, since, so, then, thence, therefrom, thereupon, thus … New thesaurus
therefore — ► ADVERB ▪ for that reason; consequently … English terms dictionary
therefore — [ther′fôr΄] adv. [ME ther fore: see THERE & FORE] as a result of this or that; for this or that reason; consequently; hence: often used as a conjunctive adverb … English World dictionary
therefore — 01. The accused murderer was found not guilty because the judge said that he was mentally ill, and [therefore] couldn t be held responsible for his actions. 02. Research has shown that bright yellow and bright blue are the most visible, and… … Grammatical examples in English
therefore — there|fore [ ðerfɔr ] adverb FORMAL *** Therefore is used as a way of showing how a sentence or clause is related to what has already been said. as a result of the reason that has just been mentioned: The new boots are lighter and softer, and… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
therefore */*/*/ — UK [ˈðeə(r)fɔː(r)] / US [ˈðerfɔr] adverb Summary: Therefore is used as a way of showing how a sentence or clause is related to what has already been said. as a result of the reason that has just been mentioned The new boots are lighter and softer … English dictionary