-
41 countermeasures
pyrotechnic countermeasures (to IR guidance systems) — противодействие ИК системам наведения с помощью пиротехнических средств
— chemical warfare countermeasures— laser systems countermeasures -
42 STE
1) Компьютерная техника: system test equipment2) Медицина: St. Elizabeth Hospital3) Спорт: Star Track Express4) Военный термин: service test equipment, simplified test equipment, special test equipment, suitability test evaluation, support test equipment, Специальное тестирующее оборудование (Special Test Equipment), электронная аппаратура системы стабилизации и сопровождения (цели) (Stabilization and Tracking Electronics), СТО5) Техника: shield test experiment, shift technical engineer, special test exception, standard test equipment, star tracker electronics6) Железнодорожный термин: Stockton Terminal and Eastern RailRoad7) Телекоммуникации: Section Terminal Equipment, Signaling Terminal Equipment, Spanning-Tree Explorer (LAN), Section Terminating Equipment (SONET), Signaling Terminal (V.75)8) Сокращение: Secure Telephone Equipment, Simplified / Special Test Equipment, Simulateur de Tir Embarque (France), Software Test Environment, Suite (mailing address abbreviation - Secondary Unit Designator, type of residential or commercial unit mail is sent to)9) Университет: Science Technology Education10) Вычислительная техника: Secure Terminal Equipment, Spanning Tree Explorer, Standard Terminal Equipment11) Фирменный знак: Symbol Technologies Europe12) Деловая лексика: Securities of The Netherlands13) Автоматика: specific truing energy14) Контроль качества: system test engineer15) Нефть и газ: (сокр. от) surface test equipment = поверхностное (наземное) испытательное оборудование, поверхностное ( наземное) оборудование для испытания скважин, поверхностное (наземное) пластоиспытательное оборудование16) Электротехника: short-term emergency, solar-thermal electric -
43 Ste
1) Компьютерная техника: system test equipment2) Медицина: St. Elizabeth Hospital3) Спорт: Star Track Express4) Военный термин: service test equipment, simplified test equipment, special test equipment, suitability test evaluation, support test equipment, Специальное тестирующее оборудование (Special Test Equipment), электронная аппаратура системы стабилизации и сопровождения (цели) (Stabilization and Tracking Electronics), СТО5) Техника: shield test experiment, shift technical engineer, special test exception, standard test equipment, star tracker electronics6) Железнодорожный термин: Stockton Terminal and Eastern RailRoad7) Телекоммуникации: Section Terminal Equipment, Signaling Terminal Equipment, Spanning-Tree Explorer (LAN), Section Terminating Equipment (SONET), Signaling Terminal (V.75)8) Сокращение: Secure Telephone Equipment, Simplified / Special Test Equipment, Simulateur de Tir Embarque (France), Software Test Environment, Suite (mailing address abbreviation - Secondary Unit Designator, type of residential or commercial unit mail is sent to)9) Университет: Science Technology Education10) Вычислительная техника: Secure Terminal Equipment, Spanning Tree Explorer, Standard Terminal Equipment11) Фирменный знак: Symbol Technologies Europe12) Деловая лексика: Securities of The Netherlands13) Автоматика: specific truing energy14) Контроль качества: system test engineer15) Нефть и газ: (сокр. от) surface test equipment = поверхностное (наземное) испытательное оборудование, поверхностное ( наземное) оборудование для испытания скважин, поверхностное (наземное) пластоиспытательное оборудование16) Электротехника: short-term emergency, solar-thermal electric -
44 solar
['səulə](having to do with, powered by, or influenced by, the sun: the solar year; a solar heating system.) sončen- solar-powered
- solar system* * *[sóulə]adjectivesončen; technical ki ga poganja sončna energijasolar (energy) power station — elektrarna, ki obratuje s pomočjo sončne energijesolar motion astronomy premikanje sončnega sistemasolar mythology mit sonca -
45 program
программа; план; задача; составлять программу [план]; планировать; программировать, задавать программу (напр. ЭВМ)morale, welfare and recreation program — программа мероприятий по бытовому обеспечению, организации отдыха и развлечений
rationalization, standardization and interoperability program — программа рационализации, стандартизации и интероперабельности (оборудования)
telecommunications and C2 program — программа создания систем руководства, управления и (дальней) связи
-
46 management
управление; руководство работами; администрация; заведование- management of maintenance - administrative management - board of management - commercial management - company management - composition of management - comprehensive approach to management - construction supervision management - construction works management - economic management - environmental management - erection works management - financial management - forms of management - functions of management - hierarchical management - housing management - human settlement management - job management - land management - methods of management - methods of economic management - middle management - operational management - operative management - personnel management - plant management - principles of management - programme of management - project management - refuse management - scientific management - senior management of construction - site management - technical management - top management - waste management - waste water management - water management - water quality management - water system management* * *управление, менеджмент- management of building site
- bridge management
- catchment management
- construction management
- energy management
- job management
- land management
- materials management on building site
- operational management
- production management
- project management
- quality management
- safety management in the construction industry
- snow management
- storm water management
- traffic management
- waste management
- water management
- watershed management -
47 TS
- трубная доска
- трансформаторная подстанция
- транспортный поток данных (цифрового вещательного телевидения)
- транспортный поток
- ТП
- технические условия на проведение испытаний
- техническая спецификация
- термочувствительное реле
- система обработки
- опытный раствор
- общее количество растворённых твёрдых веществ
- краткий отчёт о результатах испытаний
- компонентный интервал
- комплект приборов для проведения испытаний
- итого со знаком
- динамическая устойчивость
- временной канал
временной канал
канальный интервал
квант времени
временная ячейка
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
динамическая устойчивость
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
комплект приборов для проведения испытаний
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
- test set
- TS
компонентный интервал
(МСЭ-T G.709/ Y.1331).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
краткий отчёт о результатах испытаний
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
общее количество растворённых твёрдых веществ
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
система обработки
(напр. данных)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
ТП
Транспортный поток (цифрового вещательного телевидения).
[ ГОСТ Р 54456-2011]Тематики
- телевидение, радиовещание, видео
EN
термочувствительное реле
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
техническая спецификация
(МСЭ-Т Q.1741).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
технические условия на проведение испытаний
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
транспортный поток
Метод мультиплексирования в единый поток одного или более цифровых потоков различного типа, имеющих одну или несколько независимых временных шкал (МСЭ-Т J.112, МСЭ-Т J.122, МСЭ-T G.7041/ Y.1303).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
транспортный поток данных (цифрового вещательного телевидения)
Набор из нескольких программных потоков данных цифрового вещательного телевидения, сформированный из программных пакетов постоянной длины с коррекцией ошибок и независимым тактированием от своих источников синхронизации.
[ ГОСТ Р 52210-2004]Тематики
- телевидение, радиовещание, видео
Обобщающие термины
- цифровые сигналы и потоки, их формирование и обработка
EN
трансформаторная подстанция
Электрическая подстанция, предназначенная для преобразования электрической энергия одного напряжения в энергию другого напряжения с помощью трансформаторов.
[ ГОСТ 24291-90]
[ ГОСТ Р 53685-2009]
подстанция трансформаторная
Подстанция для изменения напряжения электрического тока и распределения электроэнергии между потребителями
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]EN
transformer substation
a substation containing power transformers interconnecting two or more networks of different voltages
[IEV number 605-01-03]FR
poste de transformation
poste comprenant des transformateurs de puissance permettant l'interconnexion de plusieurs réseaux, à des tensions différentes
[IEV number 605-01-03]Потребительские ТП разделяются:
- на комплектные,
- закрытые,
- мачтовые,
- столбовые.
[ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]Тематики
- электрификация, электроснабж. железных дорог
- электроснабжение в целом
Синонимы
- ТП
EN
- transformer plant
- transformer station
- transformer substation
- transformer yard
- transforming station
- transforming substation
- TS
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > TS
-
48 approach
1) приближение, аппроксимация4) технология5) подъездной путь; подъезд6) гидр. подводящее русло; подводящий канал; подходная часть (напр. судоходного шлюза)8) подвод; подача ( рабочего органа) || подводить; подавать ( рабочий орган)9) заход на посадку; подход к зоне аэродрома10) возд., космонавт. сближение; причаливание12) метео надвижение•to discontinue approach — прерывать заход на посадку;to execute approach — выполнять заход на посадку;approach to land — заход на посадку;to miss approach — неправильно рассчитать заход на посадку;to approach without a limit — приближаться неограниченно;-
abbreviated visual approach
-
absolute approach
-
aerocapture approach
-
aerodrome approach
-
automatic approach
-
automatic final approach
-
autonomous approach
-
axiomatic approach
-
back course approach
-
blind approach
-
bottom-up approach
-
bridge approach
-
building-block approach
-
cermet approach
-
circling approach
-
continuous descent approach
-
controlled final approach
-
co-orbital approach
-
cord-wood approach
-
coupled-mode approach
-
crosswind approach
-
curved approach
-
cut-and-try approach
-
docking approach
-
ecological approach
-
elastic approach
-
energy-optimal approach
-
engineering approach
-
environmental approach
-
face-to-face approach
-
far approach
-
fault-intolerance approach
-
fault-tolerance approach
-
final approach
-
formal approach
-
four-impulse approach
-
front course approach
-
fuel-optimal approach
-
gliding approach
-
graphic approach
-
ground-controlled approach
-
hard approach
-
head-on approach
-
heuristic approach
-
hierarchical approach
-
holistic approach
-
hybrid approach
-
ICAO category I approach
-
ICAO category II approach
-
ICAO category III approach
-
initial approach
-
in-line approach
-
instrument approach
-
integrated approach
-
intermediate approach
-
latching approach
-
localizer approach
-
LOS approach
-
manned final approach
-
matrix approach
-
missed approach
-
modular approach
-
multiburn approach
-
mutual approach
-
near approach
-
no aids used approach
-
nonprecision approach
-
normal approach
-
off-nominal approach
-
omnibus approach
-
optically guided approach
-
orbiter-to-space station approach
-
polycell approach
-
power approach
-
precision approach
-
probabilistic approach
-
quantitative risk-based approach
-
radar approach
-
rectangular traffic pattern approach
-
relative approach
-
road approach
-
servomechanism approach
-
simple approach
-
simulation approach
-
single film camera approach
-
soft approach
-
steady approach
-
step-by-step approach
-
straight missed approach
-
straight-in approach
-
surveillance radar approach
-
system approach
-
teardrop approach
-
technical approach
-
timed approach
-
top-down approach
-
trial-and-error approach
-
two boundary values approach
-
two-impulse approach
-
umbrella approach
-
visual approach -
49 technological environment
упр. технологическая (окружающая) среда, научно-техническая среда (уровень технологии, техника, компьютеры, коммуникационные сети, программное обеспечение и т. д.)Computers, automation, space colonies, energy, communications are forming the technological environment in the post-industrial world. — Компьютеры, автоматика, освоение космоса, коммуникации формируют технологическую среду в постиндустриальном обществе.
Syn:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > technological environment
-
50 :
1) Mathematics: Such That -
51 система управления технической информации
Sakhalin energy glossary: technical information management systemУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > система управления технической информации
-
52 infrastructure
nto build (up)on / to create the infrastructure — создавать инфраструктуру
- basic infrastructureto overstrain the infrastructure — перегружать / перенапрягать инфраструктуру
- economic and social infrastructure
- energy infrastructure
- health system infrastructure
- industrial infrastructure
- regional infrastructure
- social infrastructure
- technical infrastructure
- technological infrastructure
- tourist infrastructure -
53 использоваться
•Advantage was taken of the new material.
•This information will be put to (or into) use in the next chapter.
•This basic action is still of service in several systems.
•Use has been made of this invention in...
•Hydrogen can serve in a variety of energy converters.
•This property has been exploited (or utilized, or taken advantage of) numerous technical applications.
•A few other antiknock additives have seen some use (or have found applications, or have been applied).
•Solar cells are harnessed to drive cars.
•The basins have been in service for eight years.
•Devices of this kind are already in service in radar technology.
•This chapter describes how these mechanisms are made use of (or used, or utilized) in the field-effect transistor.
•Electromechanical devices can be relied on in a great variety of control applications.
•Natural underground reservoirs of hot steam and hot water are now being tapped on a significant scale.
* * *Использоваться -- to be used, to be utilized, to be involved, to be employed; to be in use; to make use ofThe basic heat exchanger configuration has been utilized to study the effect of increasing solidity on heat transfer.The system is still in use in some installations.The enthalpy is involved as a consequence of the flow work at the inlet and outlet.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > использоваться
-
54 по сравнению с
По сравнению с - in comparison to, in comparison with, compared to, as compared to, when compared to; in relation to, relative to; over; from; versus; vis-a-vis; asHot water as a heating medium offers a number of advantages in comparison to steam, which are discussed in detail in [...].The average of the peak pressures under the babbitted shoes operating at 0.91 m/s is 1.95 MPa vis-a-vis the 1.66 MPa shown.The compressor disks have been designed to achieve twice the fatigue life in the C24 compressor as currently experienced in the C20.This influence is insignificant in comparison with the pressure waves.Compared to No. 5 fuel oil, SRC fuel oil would be substantially easier to burn.In addition, the throat aspect ratio of the air diffuser data was b/w = 4 as compared to b/w = 10 for the water diffuser data.This is insignificant when compared to the maximum capability of the system, which is about 3.3 radian.In addition, oil fuel combustion is slower in relation to the intense burning of natural gas from a highly mixed ring-type burner.However, the vacuum-exposed bars do show some loss of fatigue life relative to unexposed bars.In summary, the author's technical contribution does not appear to offer any obvious advantage over other published equilibrium programs.Turbines have different performance characteristics from piston engines because they utilize different approaches to thermal-mechanical energy conversion.The plating thickness in these regions was approximately 2.54 mm versus 25.4 mm over the rest of the cladding.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > по сравнению с
-
55 обеспечение
1. с. supply2. с. support3. с. provision4. с. controlСинонимический ряд:снабжение (сущ.) снабжение -
56 состояние
1. plight2. situation3. health4. modeсостояние отказа; вид отказа — failure mode
5. fettleв хорошем состоянии, в прекрасной форме — in good fettle
6. state-of-the-art7. states8. stative9. state; condition; status; station; position; fortuneсостояние счета; состояние финансов — status of the account
10. condition11. fig12. fortune13. means14. position15. status16. way17. estate -
57 Ilgner, Karl
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 27 July 1862 Neisse, Upper Silesia (now Nysa, Poland)d. 18 January 1921 Berthelsdorf, Silesia[br]German electrical engineer, inventor of a transformer for electromotors.[br]Ilgner graduated from the Gewerbeakademie (the forerunner of the Technical University) in Berlin. As the representative of an electric manufacturing company in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland) from 1897, he was confronted with the fact that there were no appropriate drives for hoisting-engines or rolling-plants in steelworks. Two problems prevented the use of high-capacity electric motors in the mining as well as in the iron and steel industry: the reactions of the motors on the circuit at the peak point of stress concentration; and the complicated handling of the control system which raised the risks regarding safety. Having previously been head of the department of electrical power transmission in Hannover, he was concerned with the development of low-speed direct-current motors powered by gas engines.It was Harry Ward Leonard's switchgear for direct-current motors (USA, 1891) that permitted sudden and exact changes in the speed and direction of rotation without causing power loss, as demonstrated in the driving of a rolling sidewalk at the Paris World Fair of 1900. Ilgner connected this switchgear to a large and heavy flywheel which accumulated the kinetic energy from the circuit in order to compensate shock loads. With this combination, electric motors did not need special circuits, which were still weak, because they were working continuously and were regulated individually, so that they could be used for driving hoisting-engines in mines, rolling-plants in steelworks or machinery for producing tools and paper. Ilgner thus made a notable advance in the general progress of electrification.His transformer for hoisting-engines was patented in 1901 and was commercially used inter alia by Siemens \& Halske of Berlin. Their first electrical hoisting-engine for the Zollern II/IV mine in Dortmund gained international reputation at the Düsseldorf exhibition of 1902, and is still preserved in situ in the original machine hall of the mine, which is now a national monument in Germany. Ilgner thereafter worked with several companies to pursue his conception, became a consulting engineer in Vienna and Breslau and had a government post after the First World War in Brussels and Berlin until he retired for health reasons in 1919.[br]Bibliography1901, DRP no. 138, 387 1903, "Der elektrische Antrieb von Reversier-Walzenstraßen", Stahl und Eisen 23:769– 71.Further ReadingW.Kroker, "Karl Ilgner", Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. X, pp. 134–5. W.Philippi, 1924, Elektrizität im Bergbau, Leipzig (a general account).K.Warmbold, 1925, "Der Ilgner-Umformer in Förderanlagen", Kohle und Erz 22:1031–36 (a detailed description).WK -
58 Leonardo da Vinci
[br]b. 15 April 1452 Vinci, near Florence, Italy,d. 2 May 1519 St Cloux, near Amboise, France.[br]Italian scientist, engineer, inventor and artist.[br]Leonardo was the illegitimate son of a Florentine lawyer. His first sixteen years were spent with the lawyer's family in the rural surroundings of Vinci, which aroused in him a lifelong love of nature and an insatiable curiosity in it. He received little formal education but extended his knowledge through private reading. That gave him only a smattering of Latin, a deficiency that was to be a hindrance throughout his active life. At sixteen he was apprenticed in the studio of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence, where he received a training not only in art but in a wide variety of crafts and technical arts.In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan, where he sought and obtained employment with Ludovico Sforza, later Duke of Milan, partly to sculpt a massive equestrian statue of Ludovico but the work never progressed beyond the full-scale model stage. He did, however, complete the painting which became known as the Virgin of the Rocks and in 1497 his greatest artistic achievement, The Last Supper, commissioned jointly by Ludovico and the friars of Santa Maria della Grazie and painted on the wall of the monastery's refectory. Leonardo was responsible for the court pageants and also devised a system of irrigation to supply water to the plains of Lombardy. In 1499 the French army entered Milan and deposed Leonardo's employer. Leonardo departed and, after a brief visit to Mantua, returned to Florence, where for a time he was employed as architect and engineer to Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna. Around 1504 he completed another celebrated work, the Mona Lisa.In 1506 Leonardo began his second sojourn in Milan, this time in the service of King Louis XII of France, who appointed him "painter and engineer". In 1513 Leonardo left for Rome in the company of his pupil Francesco Melzi, but his time there was unproductive and he found himself out of touch with the younger artists active there, Michelangelo above all. In 1516 he accepted with relief an invitation from King François I of France to reside at the small château of St Cloux in the royal domain of Amboise. With the pension granted by François, Leonardo lived out his remaining years in tranquility at St Cloux.Leonardo's career can hardly be regarded as a success or worthy of such a towering genius. For centuries he was known only for the handful of artistic works that he managed to complete and have survived more or less intact. His main activity remained hidden until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, during which the contents of his notebooks were gradually revealed. It became evident that Leonardo was one of the greatest scientific investigators and inventors in the history of civilization. Throughout his working life he extended a searching curiosity over an extraordinarily wide range of subjects. The notes show careful investigation of questions of mechanical and civil engineering, such as power transmission by means of pulleys and also a form of chain belting. The notebooks record many devices, such as machines for grinding and polishing lenses, a lathe operated by treadle-crank, a rolling mill with conical rollers and a spinning machine with pinion and yard divider. Leonardo made an exhaustive study of the flight of birds, with a view to designing a flying machine, which obsessed him for many years.Leonardo recorded his observations and conclusions, together with many ingenious inventions, on thousands of pages of manuscript notes, sketches and drawings. There are occasional indications that he had in mind the publication of portions of the notes in a coherent form, but he never diverted his energy into putting them in order; instead, he went on making notes. As a result, Leonardo's impact on the development of science and technology was virtually nil. Even if his notebooks had been copied and circulated, there were daunting impediments to their understanding. Leonardo was left-handed and wrote in mirror-writing: that is, in reverse from right to left. He also used his own abbreviations and no punctuation.At his death Leonardo bequeathed his entire output of notes to his friend and companion Francesco Melzi, who kept them safe until his own death in 1570. Melzi left the collection in turn to his son Orazio, whose lack of interest in the arts and sciences resulted in a sad period of dispersal which endangered their survival, but in 1636 the bulk of them, in thirteen volumes, were assembled and donated to the Ambrosian Library in Milan. These include a large volume of notes and drawings compiled from the various portions of the notebooks and is now known as the Codex Atlanticus. There they stayed, forgotten and ignored, until 1796, when Napoleon's marauding army overran Italy and art and literary works, including the thirteen volumes of Leonardo's notebooks, were pillaged and taken to Paris. After the war in 1815, the French government agreed to return them but only the Codex Atlanticus found its way back to Milan; the rest remained in Paris. The appendix to one notebook, dealing with the flight of birds, was later regarded as of sufficient importance to stand on its own. Four small collections reached Britain at various times during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; of these, the volume in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle is notable for its magnificent series of anatomical drawings. Other collections include the Codex Leicester and Codex Arundel in the British Museum in London, and the Madrid Codices in Spain.Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Leonardo's true stature as scientist, engineer and inventor began to emerge, particularly with the publication of transcriptions and translations of his notebooks. The volumes in Paris appeared in 1881–97 and the Codex Atlanticus was published in Milan between 1894 and 1904.[br]Principal Honours and Distinctions"Premier peintre, architecte et mécanicien du Roi" to King François I of France, 1516.Further ReadingE.MacCurdy, 1939, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, 2 vols, London; 2nd edn, 1956, London (the most extensive selection of the notes, with an English translation).G.Vasari (trans. G.Bull), 1965, Lives of the Artists, London: Penguin, pp. 255–271.C.Gibbs-Smith, 1978, The Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci, Oxford: Phaidon. L.H.Heydenreich, Dibner and L. Reti, 1981, Leonardo the Inventor, London: Hutchinson.I.B.Hart, 1961, The World of Leonardo da Vinci, London: Macdonald.LRD / IMcN -
59 Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities[br]b. 24 August 1772 Durlach, Baden, Germanyd. 21 May 1826 Munich, Germany[br]German engineer.[br]While he was attending the Military School at Mannheim, Reichenbach drew attention to himself due to the mathematical instruments that he had designed. On the recommendation of Count Rumford in Munich, the Bavarian government financed a two-year stay in Britain so that Reichenbach could become acquainted with modern mechanical engineering. He returned to Mannheim in 1793, and during the Napoleonic Wars he was involved in the manufacture of arms. In Munich, where he was in the service of the Bavarian state from 1796, he started producing precision instruments in his own time. His basic invention was the design of a dividing machine for circles, produced at the end of the eighteenth century. The astronomic and geodetic instruments he produced excelled all the others for their precision. His telescopes in particular, being perfect in use and of solid construction, soon brought him an international reputation. They were manufactured at the MathematicMechanical Institute, which he had jointly founded with Joseph Utzschneider and Joseph Liebherr in 1804 and which became a renowned training establishment. The glasses and lenses were produced by Joseph Fraunhofer who joined the company in 1807.In the same year he was put in charge of the technical reorganization of the salt-works at Reichenhall. After he had finished the brine-transport line from Reichenhall to Traunstein in 1810, he started on the one from Berchtesgaden to Reichenhall which was an extremely difficult task because of the mountainous area that had to be crossed. As water was the only source of energy available he decided to use water-column engines for pumping the brine in the pipes of both lines. Such devices had been in use for pumping purposes in different mining areas since the middle of the eighteenth century. Reichenbach knew about the one constructed by Joseph Karl Hell in Slovakia, which in principle had just been a simple piston-pump driven by water which did not work satisfactorily. Instead he constructed a really effective double-action water-column engine; this was a short time after Richard Trevithick had constructed a similar machine in England. For the second line he improved the system and built a single-action pump. All the parts of it were made of metal, which made them easy to produce, and the pumps proved to be extremely reliable, working for over 100 years.At the official opening of the line in 1817 the Bavarian king rewarded him generously. He remained in the state's service, becoming head of the department for roads and waterways in 1820, and he contributed to the development of Bavarian industry as well as the public infrastructure in many ways as a result of his mechanical skill and his innovative engineering mind.[br]Further ReadingBauernfeind, "Georg von Reichenbach" Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 27:656–67 (a reliable nineteenth-century account).W.Dyck, 1912, Georg v. Reichenbach, Munich.K.Matschoss, 1941, Grosse Ingenieure, Munich and Berlin, 3rd edn. 121–32 (a concise description of his achievements in the development of optical instruments and engineering).WKBiographical history of technology > Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
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