-
41 distress
I 1. [dɪ'stres]1) (anguish) angoscia f., pena f.to be in distress — essere in pena; (stronger) essere angosciato
to cause sb. distress — angosciare o fare penare qcn.
to my distress, they... — con mio grande dolore, loro
2) (physical trouble) dolore m.3) (poverty) miseria f.4) mar.2. II 1. [dɪ'stres]verbo transitivo fare penare; (stronger) angosciare2.* * *[di'stres] 1. noun1) (great sorrow, trouble or pain: She was in great distress over his disappearance; Is your leg causing you any distress?; The loss of all their money left the family in acute distress.) angoscia2) (a cause of sorrow: My inability to draw has always been a distress to me.) dolore2. verb(to cause pain or sorrow to: I'm distressed by your lack of interest.) addolorare- distressingly* * *distress /dɪˈstrɛs/n. [u]1 sofferenza ( mentale), angoscia: The incident caused her great distress, l'incidente le ha causato molta sofferenza; She was found wandering alone and in distress, l'hanno trovata che vagava sola e in preda all'angoscia; mental [emotional, psychological] distress, sofferenza mentale [emotiva, psicologica]2 (med.) sofferenza; «distress»: foetal distress, sofferenza fetale; respiratory distress, distress respiratorio3 ristrettezze, bisogno: financial [economic] distress, ristrettezze finanziarie [economiche]; help for families in distress, aiuti per famiglie nel bisogno; There was great distress among the farmers, c'era molta povertà tra i contadini5 (leg.) sequestro; bene sequestrato, beni sequestrati● (naut., radio) distress call, S.O.S.; segnale di richiesta di soccorso □ distress rocket, (o flare) razzo di segnalazione ( per segnalare pericolo) □ distress sale, (leg.) vendita giudiziaria; (market.) vendita al ribasso (o sottocosto); vendita forzata; vendita di liquidazione □ (naut.) distress signal, segnale ( bandiera, ecc.) di soccorso (o di pericolo) □ (leg.) distress warrant, mandato di pignoramento; ordine di sequestroFALSI AMICI: distress non significa destrezza. (to) distress /dɪˈstrɛs/v. t.1 angosciare, sconvolgere: His words distressed her greatly, le sue parole l'hanno veramente sconvolta2 invecchiare ( abiti, mobili, ecc.): The furniture is artificially distressed, i mobili sono invecchiati artificialmente.* * *I 1. [dɪ'stres]1) (anguish) angoscia f., pena f.to be in distress — essere in pena; (stronger) essere angosciato
to cause sb. distress — angosciare o fare penare qcn.
to my distress, they... — con mio grande dolore, loro
2) (physical trouble) dolore m.3) (poverty) miseria f.4) mar.2. II 1. [dɪ'stres]verbo transitivo fare penare; (stronger) angosciare2. -
42 stress
I [stres]1) (nervous) stress m., tensione f.emotional, mental stress — tensione emotiva, mentale
to be under stress — essere stressato o sotto stress
2) (emphasis)to lay o put stress on — mettere l'accento o insistere su [fact, problem]
3) fis. sollecitazione f., tensione f.4) ling. mus. accento m.II [stres]1) (emphasize) mettere l'accento su, insistere su, sottolineare [ issue]to stress the importance of sth. — sottolineare l'importanza di qcs.
to stress the need for sth., to do — sottolineare la necessità di qcs., di fare
2) ling. mus. accentare [note, syllable]•* * *[stres] 1. noun1) (the worry experienced by a person in particular circumstances, or the state of anxiety caused by this: the stresses of modern life; Her headaches may be caused by stress.) stress2) (force exerted by (parts of) bodies on each other: Bridge-designers have to know about stress.) tensione3) (force or emphasis placed, in speaking, on particular syllables or words: In the word `widow' we put stress on the first syllable.) accento2. verb(to emphasize (a syllable etc, or a fact etc): Should you stress the last syllable in `violin'?; He stressed the necessity of being punctual.) accentuare, sottolineare- lay/put stress on* * *I [stres]1) (nervous) stress m., tensione f.emotional, mental stress — tensione emotiva, mentale
to be under stress — essere stressato o sotto stress
2) (emphasis)to lay o put stress on — mettere l'accento o insistere su [fact, problem]
3) fis. sollecitazione f., tensione f.4) ling. mus. accento m.II [stres]1) (emphasize) mettere l'accento su, insistere su, sottolineare [ issue]to stress the importance of sth. — sottolineare l'importanza di qcs.
to stress the need for sth., to do — sottolineare la necessità di qcs., di fare
2) ling. mus. accentare [note, syllable]• -
43 distress
di'stres
1. noun1) (great sorrow, trouble or pain: She was in great distress over his disappearance; Is your leg causing you any distress?; The loss of all their money left the family in acute distress.) aflicción2) (a cause of sorrow: My inability to draw has always been a distress to me.) preocupación, angustia
2. verb(to cause pain or sorrow to: I'm distressed by your lack of interest.) afligir- distressingly
distress1 n angustia / dolordistress2 vb afligirtr[dɪ'stres]1 (mental) aflicción nombre femenino, angustia; (physical) dolor nombre masculino; (exhaustion) agotamiento2 (poverty) penuria, miseria3 (danger) peligro\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto distress oneself afligirsedistress call / distress signal señal nombre femenino de socorrodistress [dɪ'stɛrs] vt: afligir, darle pena (a alguien), hacer sufrirdistress n1) sorrow: dolor m, angustia f, aflicción f2) pain: dolor m3)in distress : en peligron.(§ pl.: distresses) = angustia s.f.• apretura s.f.• congoja s.f.• dolor s.m.• laceria s.f.• miseria s.f.• peligro s.m.• pena s.f.v.• afligir v.• angustiar v.• apesadumbrar v.• aprensar v.• desconsolar v.• doler v.
I dɪ'stresmass nouna) ( mental) angustia f, aflicción fb) ( physical)respiratory distress — dificultades fpl respiratorias
c) ( danger)in distress — en peligro; (before n) <call, signal> de socorro
II
[dɪs'tres]please don't distress yourself — por favor, no se aflija
1. N1) (=pain) dolor m ; (=mental anguish) angustia f, aflicción f ; (Med) (after exertion) agotamiento m, fatiga f2) (=danger) peligro mto be in distress — [ship etc] estar en peligro
3) (=poverty) miseria f2.VT (physically) doler; (mentally) angustiar, afligir; (Med) agotar, fatigar3.CPDdistress call N — llamada f de socorro
distress rocket N — cohete m de señales
distress signal N — señal f de socorro
* * *
I [dɪ'stres]mass nouna) ( mental) angustia f, aflicción fb) ( physical)respiratory distress — dificultades fpl respiratorias
c) ( danger)in distress — en peligro; (before n) <call, signal> de socorro
II
please don't distress yourself — por favor, no se aflija
-
44 distress
1. noun3) (danger)2. transitive verban aircraft/a ship in distress — ein Flugzeug in Not/ein Schiff in Seenot
1) (worry) bedrücken; bekümmern; (cause anguish to) ängstigen; (upset) nahe gehen (+ Dat.); mitnehmen2) (exhaust) erschöpfen* * *[di'stres] 1. noun1) (great sorrow, trouble or pain: She was in great distress over his disappearance; Is your leg causing you any distress?; The loss of all their money left the family in acute distress.) die Qual2) (a cause of sorrow: My inability to draw has always been a distress to me.) das Leid2. verb(to cause pain or sorrow to: I'm distressed by your lack of interest.) bedrücken- academic.ru/21347/distressing">distressing- distressingly* * *dis·tress[dɪˈstres]to be in \distress in Sorge seinto be a source of \distress to sb jdm Anlass zur Sorge gebento be in \distress MED in Atemnot seinto show signs of \distress Anzeichen der Erschöpfung zeigeneconomic/financial \distress ökonomische/finanzielle Notto be in \distress in Not [geraten] seinto relieve \distress Not lindernvessels in \distress Schiffe in SeenotII. vt▪ to \distress sb jdn quälento be deeply \distressed äußerst unglücklich sein* * *[dɪ'stres]1. n1) Verzweiflung f; (physical) Leiden nt; (mental, cause of distress) Kummer m, Sorge fto cause sb distress — jdm Sorge/starke Schmerzen bereiten
3) (= danger) Not fto be in distress (ship) — in Seenot sein; (plane) in Not sein
distress call — Notsignal nt
2. vt(= worry) Kummer machen (+dat), Sorge bereiten (+dat)don't distress yourself — machen Sie sich (dat) keine Sorgen!
* * *distress [dıˈstres]A s1. Qual f, Pein f, Schmerz m2. Leid n, Kummer m, Sorge f4. Notlage f, Notstand m:distress merchandise US im Notverkauf abgesetzte Ware;5. SCHIFF Seenot f:in distress in Seenot;distress flag Notflagge f;distress rocket Notrakete f;6. JURb) mit Beschlag belegte bewegliche SacheB v/t1. quälen, peinigen2. bedrücken, mit Sorge erfüllen, beunruhigen:distress o.s. about sich sorgen um3. betrüben4. ins Elend bringen5. jemanden erschöpfen* * *1. noun3) (danger)2. transitive verban aircraft/a ship in distress — ein Flugzeug in Not/ein Schiff in Seenot
1) (worry) bedrücken; bekümmern; (cause anguish to) ängstigen; (upset) nahe gehen (+ Dat.); mitnehmen2) (exhaust) erschöpfen* * *n.(§ pl.: distresses)= Bedrängnis f.Elend nur sing. n.Not ¨-e f.Qual -en f. -
45 stress
n. stres, gerginlik, gerilme, vurgu, vurgulama, tonlama, önem, basınç, baskı————————v. sıkıştırmak, baskı yapmak, vurgulamak, tonlamak, önemle belirtmek* * *1. stres 2. vurgula (v.) 3. gerginlik (n.) 4. zorlan (v.) 5. zorlama (n.)* * *[stres] 1. noun1) (the worry experienced by a person in particular circumstances, or the state of anxiety caused by this: the stresses of modern life; Her headaches may be caused by stress.) gerilim, stres2) (force exerted by (parts of) bodies on each other: Bridge-designers have to know about stress.) basınç3) (force or emphasis placed, in speaking, on particular syllables or words: In the word `widow' we put stress on the first syllable.) vurgu2. verb(to emphasize (a syllable etc, or a fact etc): Should you stress the last syllable in `violin'?; He stressed the necessity of being punctual.) vurgulamak- lay/put stress on -
46 stress
1. noun1) (strain) Stress, derbe under stress — unter Stress (Dat.) stehen
lay or place or put [a] stress on something — auf etwas (Akk.) Wert od. Gewicht legen
3) (accentuation) Betonung, die2. transitive verbput the/a stress on something — etwas betonen
stress [the point] that... — darauf hinweisen, dass...
2) (Ling.) betonen [Silbe, Vokal usw.]* * *[stres] 1. noun1) (the worry experienced by a person in particular circumstances, or the state of anxiety caused by this: the stresses of modern life; Her headaches may be caused by stress.) der Streß2) (force exerted by (parts of) bodies on each other: Bridge-designers have to know about stress.) die Belastung3) (force or emphasis placed, in speaking, on particular syllables or words: In the word `widow' we put stress on the first syllable.) die Betonung2. verb(to emphasize (a syllable etc, or a fact etc): Should you stress the last syllable in `violin'?; He stressed the necessity of being punctual.) betonen- academic.ru/118644/stress-mark">stress-mark- lay/put stress on* * *[stres]I. n<pl -es>\stress[es] and strain[s] Stress mmy job involves a lot of \stress and strain mein Job bringt viel Stress mit sichto be under \stress starken Belastungen [o großem Druck] ausgesetzt sein; (at work) unter Stress stehento lay \stress on sth etw besonders betonen [o hervorhebenprimary/secondary \stress Haupt-/Nebenbetonung fmetal fatigue develops in a metal structure that has been subjected to many repeated \stresses Materialermüdung tritt in Metallstrukturen auf, die immer wieder auf die gleiche Art belastet werden\stress and strain Druck und ÜberdehnungHooke's law expresses the relationship between \stress and strain das Hooksche Gesetz stellt eine Beziehung zwischen Druck und Zug bzw. Verlängerung oder Verkürzung eines Materials herII. vt1. (emphasize)▪ to \stress sth etw betonen [o hervorheben]I'd just like to \stress that... ich möchte lediglich darauf hinweisen, dass...2. (strain)▪ to \stress sth etw belasten [o beanspruchen]▪ to \stress sb jdn stressen* * *[stres]1. n1) (= strain) Belastung f, Stress m; (MED) Überlastung f, Stress mthe stresses and strains of modern life — die Belastungen or der Stress des heutigen Lebens
times of stress — Krisenzeiten pl, Zeiten pl großer Belastung
to be under stress — großen Belastungen ausgesetzt sein; (as regards work) unter Stress stehen, im Stress sein
to put sb under great stress —
to break down under stress/the stress — unter Stress or bei Belastung/unter dem Stress or unter der Belastung zusammenbrechen
to put or lay ( great) stress on sth — großen Wert auf etw (acc) legen, einer Sache (dat) großes Gewicht beimessen; fact, detail etw (besonders) betonen
the stress acting on the metal — die Belastung, der das Metall ausgesetzt ist
2. vt1) (lit, fig: emphasize) betonen; innocence beteuern; good manners, subject großen Wert legen auf (+acc); fact, detail hervorheben, betonen2) (MECH) belasten, beanspruchen* * *stress [stres]A v/t1. a) LING, LIT, MUS betonen, den Akzent legen auf (akk) (beide auch fig)3. fig beanspruchen, be-, überlasten, stressen:stressed-out stressgeplagtB s1. fig Nachdruck m:lay stress on → A 12. LING, LIT, MUSa) Ton m, (Wort-, Satz)Akzent mb) Betonung fc) LIT betonte Silbe:stress accent Betonungsakzent m;stress group Akzentgruppe f3. PHYS, TECHb) (elastische) Spannungc) Kraft f:stress analyst Statiker(in);stress-strain diagram Spannung-Dehnung-Diagramm n;4. fig (nervliche, seelische etc) Belastung, Anspannung f, Druck m, Stress m:be under stress im Stress sein;stress-free stressfrei5. Zwang m, Druck m:the stress of poverty die drückende Armut;under the stress of circumstances unter dem Druck der Umstände6. Ungestüm n:* * *1. noun1) (strain) Stress, derbe under stress — unter Stress (Dat.) stehen
lay or place or put [a] stress on something — auf etwas (Akk.) Wert od. Gewicht legen
3) (accentuation) Betonung, die2. transitive verbput the/a stress on something — etwas betonen
1) (emphasize) betonen; Wert legen auf (+ Akk.) [richtige Ernährung, gutes Benehmen, Sport usw.]stress [the point] that... — darauf hinweisen, dass...
2) (Ling.) betonen [Silbe, Vokal usw.]* * *n.(§ pl.: stresses)= Druck -e m. n.(§ pl.: stresses)= Beanspruchung f.Belastung f.Spannung -en f. v.belasten v.betonen v. -
47 stress
[strɛs] 1. n( applied to object) nacisk m; ( internal to object) naprężenie nt; ( mental strain) stres m; ( LING) akcent m; ( emphasis) nacisk m, akcent m2. vtto lay great stress on sth — kłaść (położyć perf) wielki nacisk na coś
* * *[stres] 1. noun1) (the worry experienced by a person in particular circumstances, or the state of anxiety caused by this: the stresses of modern life; Her headaches may be caused by stress.) napięcie, stres2) (force exerted by (parts of) bodies on each other: Bridge-designers have to know about stress.) naprężenie3) (force or emphasis placed, in speaking, on particular syllables or words: In the word `widow' we put stress on the first syllable.) akcent2. verb(to emphasize (a syllable etc, or a fact etc): Should you stress the last syllable in `violin'?; He stressed the necessity of being punctual.) akcentować, podkreślać- lay/put stress on -
48 distressing
adjective doloroso, preocupante, angustiantedistressing adj penosotr[dɪ'stresɪŋ]1 penoso,-a, angustioso,-aadj.• aflictivo, -a adj.• angustioso, -a adj.• congojoso, -a adj.• desconsolador adj.• penoso, -a adj.dɪ'stresɪŋadjective <news/circumstance> penoso, angustiante[dɪs'tresɪŋ]ADJ [situation, experience] angustioso, doloroso; [poverty, inadequacy] acuciante* * *[dɪ'stresɪŋ]adjective <news/circumstance> penoso, angustiante -
49 distress
di'stres 1. noun1) (great sorrow, trouble or pain: She was in great distress over his disappearance; Is your leg causing you any distress?; The loss of all their money left the family in acute distress.) fortvilelse, bedrøvelse, smerte2) (a cause of sorrow: My inability to draw has always been a distress to me.) bekymring, skuffelse2. verb(to cause pain or sorrow to: I'm distressed by your lack of interest.) volde lidelse/bekymring, engste- distressinglybekymre--------nødIsubst. \/dɪˈstres\/1) elendighet, nød2) nødssituasjon, nødstilstand3) (om skip, fly) (havs)nød4) fattigdom5) smerte, sorg, fortvilelse, lidelse6) ( medisin) utmattelse, besvær7) ( jus) utpantning, utlegg, utleggsforretningin distress i nødlevy a distress (up)on gjøre utpantning hos ta pant iIIverb \/dɪˈstres\/1) sette i klemme, bringe i forlegenhet, gå hardt løs på2) utmatte, uttrette3) plage, pine, gjøre ulykkelig4) uroe, bekymre, forurolige5) ( jus) gjøre utpantning hos noen6) ( gammeldags) tvinge -
50 overstress
1. [͵əʋvəʹstres] n1) перенапряжение2) тех. избыточное давление2. [͵əʋvəʹstres] v1. 1) перенапрягать2) перенапрягаться2. слишком подчёркиватьto overstress a point - делать слишком большой упор на каком-л. вопросе; придавать чему-л. слишком большое значение
it is impossible to overstress the importance of... - невозможно переоценить важность (чего-л.)
-
51 stress
1. [stres] n1. давление, нажим; напряжениеstress of weather - непогода; буря
under the stress of anger [of fear, of excitement] - под влиянием /под воздействием/ гнева [страха, возбуждения]
2. 1) ударениеprimary [secondary, quantitative, qualitative, emphatic, rhetorical] stress - главное [второстепенное, количественное, качественное, эмфатическое, риторическое] ударение
the stress falls upon... - ударение падает на...
2) муз. акцент3) значениеto lay stress (up)on smth. - придавать чему-л. особое /большое/ значение
to set a stress on smth. - придавать большое значение чему-л.
to set a stress on (one's) personal appearance - придавать большое значение внешнему виду
3. тех.1) усилие, напряжение2) давление4. психол. стресс2. [stres] v1. 1) ставить ударение2) подчёркиватьto stress the point that... - подчеркнуть тот факт, что...
2. тех.1) подвергать действию внешней силы2) создавать или вызывать напряжение, стресс -
52 stress
1. [stres] n1. давление, нажим; напряжениеstress of weather - непогода; буря
under the stress of anger [of fear, of excitement] - под влиянием /под воздействием/ гнева [страха, возбуждения]
2. 1) ударениеprimary [secondary, quantitative, qualitative, emphatic, rhetorical] stress - главное [второстепенное, количественное, качественное, эмфатическое, риторическое] ударение
the stress falls upon... - ударение падает на...
2) муз. акцент3) значениеto lay stress (up)on smth. - придавать чему-л. особое /большое/ значение
to set a stress on smth. - придавать большое значение чему-л.
to set a stress on (one's) personal appearance - придавать большое значение внешнему виду
3. тех.1) усилие, напряжение2) давление4. психол. стресс2. [stres] v1. 1) ставить ударение2) подчёркиватьto stress the point that... - подчеркнуть тот факт, что...
2. тех.1) подвергать действию внешней силы2) создавать или вызывать напряжение, стресс -
53 distressing
adjective1) (upsetting) erschütternd2) (regrettable) beklagenswert* * *adjective qualvoll* * *dis·tress·ing[dɪˈstresɪŋ]1. (worrying) Besorgnis erregend, erschreckendit is very \distressing that... es ist erschreckend, dass...deeply \distressing zutiefst erschreckend2. (painful) schmerzlichto be deeply \distressing for sb sehr schmerzlich für jdn sein* * *[dI'stresɪŋ]adj(= upsetting) besorgniserregend; (stronger) erschreckend; (= regrettable) betrüblich* * *distressing adj (adv distressingly)1. quälend2. bedrückend* * *adjective1) (upsetting) erschütternd2) (regrettable) beklagenswert* * *adj.peinlich adj. -
54 distress
[di'stres] 1. noun1) (great sorrow, trouble or pain: She was in great distress over his disappearance; Is your leg causing you any distress?; The loss of all their money left the family in acute distress.) sorg; bekymring; smerte; nød2) (a cause of sorrow: My inability to draw has always been a distress to me.) sorg2. verb(to cause pain or sorrow to: I'm distressed by your lack of interest.) bekymre- distressingly* * *[di'stres] 1. noun1) (great sorrow, trouble or pain: She was in great distress over his disappearance; Is your leg causing you any distress?; The loss of all their money left the family in acute distress.) sorg; bekymring; smerte; nød2) (a cause of sorrow: My inability to draw has always been a distress to me.) sorg2. verb(to cause pain or sorrow to: I'm distressed by your lack of interest.) bekymre- distressingly -
55 stress
1. n1) тиск, натиск; напруження; зусилляstress of weather — негода; буря
2) наголосprimary (secondary) stress — головний (другорядний) наголос (у слові)
3) муз. акцент4) перен. значення5) тех. тиск6) тех. напруга7) юр. арешт на майно8) псих. стрес2. v1) ставити наголос3) тех. створювати (викликати) напругу4) піддавати дії зовнішньої сили* * *I [strʒs] nштучний дорогоцінний камінь, стразII [stres] n1) тиск, натиск; напругаstress of weather — непогода; буря
2) наголос; мyз. акцент; значення3) тex. зусилля, напруга; тиск4) психол. стресIII [stres] v1) ставити наголос; підкреслювати2) тex. піддавати дії зовнішньої сили; створювати або викликати напругу, стрес -
56 stress
I [strʒs] nштучний дорогоцінний камінь, стразII [stres] n1) тиск, натиск; напругаstress of weather — непогода; буря
2) наголос; мyз. акцент; значення3) тex. зусилля, напруга; тиск4) психол. стресIII [stres] v1) ставити наголос; підкреслювати2) тex. піддавати дії зовнішньої сили; створювати або викликати напругу, стрес -
57 academic stress
-
58 acculturative stress
-
59 cell stress
-
60 chronic stress
См. также в других словарях:
stres — STRES, stresuri, s.n. 1. (med.) Nume dat oricărui factor (sau ansamblu de factori) de mediu care provoacă organismului uman o reacţie anormală; p. ext. efect nefavorabil produs asupra organismului uman de un factor de mediu. 2. (geol.) Presiune… … Dicționar Român
stres — ⊕ stres, ⊕ stresante, ⊕ stresar, stress → estrés … Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
stres — strȅs m <N mn strȅsovi> DEFINICIJA 1. psih. psihički, emocionalni ili fizički udar što ga pojedinac osjeća kao posljedicu štetnog utjecaja okolnih faktora [stanje stresa]; stanje velike psihičke napetosti 2. meteor. jednostrani tlak što… … Hrvatski jezični portal
stres — {{/stl 13}}{{stl 8}}rz. mnż I, D. u, Mc. stressie, psych. {{/stl 8}}{{stl 7}} stan wzmożonego napięcia organizmu spowodowany oddziaływaniem szkodliwych bodźców fizycznych i psychicznych, wywołujący mobilizację sił lub, przy dłuższym trwaniu,… … Langenscheidt Polski wyjaśnień
stres — dentirostres … Dictionnaire des rimes
stres — s. n., pl. strésuri … Romanian orthography
stres — is., tıp, İng. stress Ameliyat şoku, travma, soğuk, coşku vb. etkenlerin organizmada oluşturduğu bozuklukların tümü, ruhsal gerilim … Çağatay Osmanlı Sözlük
stres — m IV, D. u, Ms. stressie; lm M. y 1. psych. «stan mobilizacji sił organizmu będący reakcją na negatywne bodźce fizyczne i psychiczne (stresory), mogący doprowadzić do zaburzeń czynnościowych, a nawet do schorzeń organicznych» 2. geol. «ciśnienie… … Słownik języka polskiego
strés — a m (ẹ̑) med. odziv organizma na škodljive (zunanje) vplive: tako delo povzroča strese; zdravljenje motenj, ki nastanejo zaradi stresa … Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika
strès — strésa m (ȅ ẹ) redko stresljaj: ob stresu se je tekočina razlila … Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika
stresse — stres|se vb., r, de, t … Dansk ordbog