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41 method
- method
- nметод, способ; система; порядок; методика; технология
- method of analysis
- method of application
- method of attack
- method of bearing and distances
- method of bipolar coordinates
- method of calculation
- method of design
- method of detail survey
- method of elastic weights
- method of electric needles
- method of expansion into series
- method of fixed points
- method of intersection
- method of joint isolation
- method of least work
- methods of manufacture
- method of minimum strain energy
- method of moment distribution
- method of radiation
- method of redistribution of pressure
- method of sections
- method of steam jet
- methods of structural analysis
- method of successive approximations
- methods of testing
- method of water needles
- accepted method of building
- accepted method of house construction
- accurate method of analysis
- adhesive nail-on method
- admittance method
- advanced methods of concreting
- advance slope method
- aggregate exposure method
- air permeability method
- alternate methods
- American method
- analytical method of determining reactions
- API method of pile design
- approximate method
- approximation method
- area method
- area-moment method
- assembly methods
- Austrian method
- autogenous curing method
- balanced cantilever method
- Belgian method
- Benoto method
- bentonite method
- Billner method
- "bin" method
- boiling water method
- boom placement concreting method
- bricklaying methods
- building method
- building block module method
- cable method of rock stressing
- calculation method
- cantilever method
- Chicago method
- circular-arc method
- Coast-Survey method
- collapse method of structural design
- combined finite strip-finite element method
- compaction methods of clays
- conjugate beam method
- consistency measurement method
- construction methods
- construction and erection methods
- contiguous pile method
- continuous-flight augers method
- continuous-sample method of advance
- convergence method
- critical method
- critical path method
- Cross moment distribution method
- Cross method
- cross-section method
- current design methods
- cut-and-cover method
- dampproofing methods
- displacement method
- displacement method of advance
- dual-rail method
- dummy unit-load method
- dust-spot method
- Dutch cone method
- earth pressure balanced tunneling method
- elastic center method
- elastic weights method
- electric analogy method
- electric resisting method
- energy method
- equal friction method of duct sizing
- equal friction method
- equivalent load method
- erection method
- fast track construction methods
- fatigue test method
- finite difference method
- finite element method
- finite strip method
- flight auger method
- flotation caisson method
- flue loss method
- folded plate method of analysis
- force method
- free cantilever method of construction
- general method of analysis
- Glotzl hydraulic cell method
- Gow method
- Hardy Cross method
- housing appraisal method
- in-duct method
- industrialized methods of construction
- iterative method
- jack method
- jacking method
- lacquer curtain coating method
- laser beam method
- leap-frog method
- limit equilibrium method
- limit state method
- listening methods
- load factor design method
- mandrel method
- mathematical method of design
- matrix method of structural analysis
- maturity method
- measuring method
- mixed-mode method
- mix-in-place method
- modern building methods
- modular ratio method
- moiré fringe method
- moment-balance method
- nondestructive methods of tests
- normal method of quality control
- null method
- numerical method
- one-rail method
- optical square method
- permissible stress method
- phototheodolite method
- plastic methods of structural analysis
- plate count method
- precast concrete manufacturing methods
- pressuremeter method
- proven construction methods
- p-y method of pile design
- rapid test method
- ratio method of balancing
- rebound hammer method
- reference point method
- relaxation method
- reproducible methods
- resistivity method
- resonant-frequency method
- reverberant field method
- Rockwell method of hardness testing
- safe method
- safe working methods
- secant interlocking pile method
- secant pile method
- seismic method of surveying
- seismic reflection method
- seismic refraction method
- semiprobabilistic design method
- shear transfer method
- shock response method of pile testing
- sliding-wedge method
- slope deflection method
- solar radiation method
- sonic method
- special method of quality control
- standard test method
- static regain method of duct sizing
- static regain method
- statistical design method
- step-by-step method
- strength design method
- strength evaluation method
- successive approximations method
- suspended cantilever method
- swamp shooting method
- Tagg method
- tangent modulus method
- test methods
- Theis method
- thixotropic liquid method
- three-point method
- tilt-up method
- time-saving method of construction
- TNO method of analysis
- TNO method of pile testing
- transit and stadia method
- tremie method
- truss analogy method
- turn-of-nut method
- ultrasonic pulse velocity method
- vacuum concrete method of bridge construction
- valveless pulse-jet method
- vane shear method
- velocity reduction method of duct sizing
- velocity reduction method
- vibratory method
- Vickers method of hardness testing
- volume method of measuring aggregates
- warm water method
- water fog spray method
- western bricklaying method
- western method
- working-stress design method
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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42 pass
1. гл.1) общ. проходить, идти, проезжать2) общ. переходить; превращатьсяto pass into ownership [possession\] — переходить в собственность [во владение\]
3) общ. уходить, покидать4) общ. превосходить; обгонять, превышать (по числу, количеству, объему, напр. план)5) учет заносить на счет; проводить запись, записывать (напр., в кредит)to pass an entry — провести запись, сделать проводку
Syn:6) общ. сдать, выдержать, пройти (испытание, тест, цензуру и т. п.)7) упр., юр. одобрять, утверждать; принимать, выносить (решение и т. п.)to pass a resolution — принять резолюцию, вынести резолюцию
Congress is expected to pass the bill. — Ожидается, что конгресс утвердит закон.
8) общ. пропустить (не увидеть что-л., не сделать что-л.)See:9) эк. иметь хождение, быть в обращении, принимать(ся) ( о деньгах)2. сущ.1) общ. проход; путь, дорога2)а) общ. прохождение, проход, проезд, переходPrimary function of the subsystem is to correct the flight trajectory to assure a close pass by Mars. — Основная функция подсистемы — это корректировать траекторию полета, чтобы обеспечить прохождение в максимальной близости от Марса.
Syn:б) общ. смерть, уход из жизни3) общ. сдача экзамена4) общ. стечение обстоятельств, сложившаяся ситуация5)а) общ. пропуск; паспорт (документ, разрешающий передвижение по зданию, по местности, по стране и т. п.)б) воен. увольнительнаяThe soldier had a weekend pass. — Солдат получил увольнительную на выходные.
в) общ. бесплатный билет ( удостоверение на бесплатный проезд на транспорте)6) комп. проход (полный цикл считывания, обработки и записи на компьютере, т. е. проход машинного цикла) -
43 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
44 при условии, что
. если•With the proviso that >> 1, it is possible to...
•The equation admits a solution of constant state subject to the condition (or requirement) that...
•Such a plant in a remote location can justify its cost provided ( that) it is kept in service for a long enough time.
•Tin-base solders are acceptable for radiation environments providing (or on condition that) the temperature is low.
•The beam proved very suitable for alignment tests, provided ( that) certain difficulties could be overcome.
•Mining companies make the data available to the Government with the understanding that data would be released without identifying individual companies.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > при условии, что
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45 связан
•This subfraction binds to the tissue DNA (биол.).
•These stars are bound by mutual attraction.
•The two carbon atoms are linked to a third.
•The piston of the power cylinder is linked to the damper.
•The two plants are connected by a railway.
•The bundle was tied with string.
•The camera range finder is coupled with the focusing mechanism.
•The enamel coating is bonded to metal by fusion.
•The protons are attached to carbon.
II•This phenomenon is associated (or connected) with (or is due to) magnetic storms.
•Control is directly related to the steam generation rate through the temperature coefficient.
•This is an intricate process which entails the consideration of approximating sums.
•The acceptance or rejection of the food depends upon its taste, which is usually related to its nutritive or harmful qualities.
•The rate of bleaching must be connected (or correlated) with the formation and decomposition of HOCI.
•All these tests involve the breaking of a test piece.
•A final limitation of chemical lasers has to do with the state of knowledge.
•Doubtlessly this constancy is correlated to the active role played by...
•The momentum carried by a photon is related to the photon's energy by the equation...
•Cancer patterns in Europe do not correlate with industrialization.
•The collision theory is tied to the kinetic-molecular theory.
•These are the electrons that are most directly involved in the chemical characteristics of molecules ( с которыми непосредственно связаны...).
•The production and use of ionic compounds are inevitably linked to (or with) the deterioration of the environment.
•Another uncertainty stems from the difficulty of...
•One difficulty concerns the use of hydrogen cyanide as a condensing agent.
•The rope is tied into a knot.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > связан
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46 RT
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Reverse Transcriptase, radiography tests, комнатная температура (room temperature)2) Компьютерная техника: Ray Tracing3) Американизм: Red Tape, Resolved That, Round Table4) Ботаника: Root Tail5) Спорт: Race Team, Race Train, Racing Training, Random Team, Regulation Tie6) Военный термин: Radius of Target, Reconditioning Test, Restraint To Target, radar tracking, radio technician, radio tracking, radio transmitter, radiotelegraph, radiotelegraphy, radiotelephone, radiotelephony, range table, range timing, range tracking, reaction time, readiness test, recognition time, reconnaissance team, record transfer, reduction table, reference trajectory, regiment transport, regulation team, relay transmitter, relocatable target, remote terminal, reserve training, response time, retention time, road traffic, road transport, rocket target, rough terrain, round trip7) Техника: radio tower, radioactive test, radiography testing, range tracker, reactor trip, receive-transmit, receiver and transmitter, rectangular transform, reference temperature, repeatability factor, resistance thermometer, reusable telescope, revolving radio beacon, rotating table, running time, обозначение для радиомаяков с вращающейся диаграммой направленности антенны (МСЭ)8) Химия: Reagent Type9) Математика: Regression Testing10) Железнодорожный термин: River Terminal Railway Company11) Фармакология: время удерживания (retention time)12) Финансы: оборачиваемость дебиторской задолженности (receivables turnover), bank routing number13) Страхование: Register ton14) Металлургия: Raise Top15) Телевидение: rotary transformer16) Телекоммуникации: Refuse Transmission, Rotation Time, Routing Type17) Сокращение: Radio Telephone (R/T), Radio Telephone, Radio Transceiver, RealTime, receiver-transmitter, right, Reuters (agency, UK)18) Университет: Rhodes Tower (formerly University Tower, Cleveland State University)19) Физиология: Radiation therapy, Reactive Trigger, Reference Treatment, Respiratory therapy20) Электроника: Radio Telephony21) Вычислительная техника: Register Transfer, реальное время22) Нефть: rotary table, rotary tools, оборудование для роторного бурения (rotary table), ротор (rotary table)23) Онкология: Radiotherapy24) Картография: radiotower25) Геофизика: Электрическое сопротивление пласта (Formation resistivity, RT)26) Транспорт: Rail Transit, Right Turn, Road Tool, Road Track, Roll Top27) Фирменный знак: Red Top Cab Company, Robinson Technologies, Ross Technologies28) Холодильная техника: refrigeration ton30) Деловая лексика: Regular Terms, Request Tracker, Return This31) Бурение: роторный стол (rotary table)32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Real Terms money, radiographic testing, resident team, running tool, true resistivity, resident team (Shell in Haarlem), Real Terms, radiographic testing радиографическая дефектоскопия33) Образование: Read And Trade, Resource Teacher34) Сетевые технологии: RISC technology, real time, реальное время РТАМ дистанционный терминальный метод доступа35) Полимеры: radiographic test, regular tenacity, reinforced thermosets, replacement tire, rolled tube, room temperature36) Программирование: Reset Type, Retrieval Type, Return Type37) Контроль качества: review time38) Авиационная медицина: reading test39) Велосипеды: ride time40) Интернет: retweet (перепечатка чужого поста в своей ленте сообщений на сайте twitter.com)41) Расширение файла: Reperforator Transmitter, Rich text42) Военно-политический термин: Research and Technology43) Электротехника: recovery time, remote tripping44) Имена и фамилии: Richard Thomas45) Должность: Registered Technologist, Reliable Totally, Residential Technician, Respiratory Therapist46) Чат: Related Topic47) Правительство: Run Time48) НАСА: Radio Telescope -
47 Rt
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Reverse Transcriptase, radiography tests, комнатная температура (room temperature)2) Компьютерная техника: Ray Tracing3) Американизм: Red Tape, Resolved That, Round Table4) Ботаника: Root Tail5) Спорт: Race Team, Race Train, Racing Training, Random Team, Regulation Tie6) Военный термин: Radius of Target, Reconditioning Test, Restraint To Target, radar tracking, radio technician, radio tracking, radio transmitter, radiotelegraph, radiotelegraphy, radiotelephone, radiotelephony, range table, range timing, range tracking, reaction time, readiness test, recognition time, reconnaissance team, record transfer, reduction table, reference trajectory, regiment transport, regulation team, relay transmitter, relocatable target, remote terminal, reserve training, response time, retention time, road traffic, road transport, rocket target, rough terrain, round trip7) Техника: radio tower, radioactive test, radiography testing, range tracker, reactor trip, receive-transmit, receiver and transmitter, rectangular transform, reference temperature, repeatability factor, resistance thermometer, reusable telescope, revolving radio beacon, rotating table, running time, обозначение для радиомаяков с вращающейся диаграммой направленности антенны (МСЭ)8) Химия: Reagent Type9) Математика: Regression Testing10) Железнодорожный термин: River Terminal Railway Company11) Фармакология: время удерживания (retention time)12) Финансы: оборачиваемость дебиторской задолженности (receivables turnover), bank routing number13) Страхование: Register ton14) Металлургия: Raise Top15) Телевидение: rotary transformer16) Телекоммуникации: Refuse Transmission, Rotation Time, Routing Type17) Сокращение: Radio Telephone (R/T), Radio Telephone, Radio Transceiver, RealTime, receiver-transmitter, right, Reuters (agency, UK)18) Университет: Rhodes Tower (formerly University Tower, Cleveland State University)19) Физиология: Radiation therapy, Reactive Trigger, Reference Treatment, Respiratory therapy20) Электроника: Radio Telephony21) Вычислительная техника: Register Transfer, реальное время22) Нефть: rotary table, rotary tools, оборудование для роторного бурения (rotary table), ротор (rotary table)23) Онкология: Radiotherapy24) Картография: radiotower25) Геофизика: Электрическое сопротивление пласта (Formation resistivity, RT)26) Транспорт: Rail Transit, Right Turn, Road Tool, Road Track, Roll Top27) Фирменный знак: Red Top Cab Company, Robinson Technologies, Ross Technologies28) Холодильная техника: refrigeration ton30) Деловая лексика: Regular Terms, Request Tracker, Return This31) Бурение: роторный стол (rotary table)32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Real Terms money, radiographic testing, resident team, running tool, true resistivity, resident team (Shell in Haarlem), Real Terms, radiographic testing радиографическая дефектоскопия33) Образование: Read And Trade, Resource Teacher34) Сетевые технологии: RISC technology, real time, реальное время РТАМ дистанционный терминальный метод доступа35) Полимеры: radiographic test, regular tenacity, reinforced thermosets, replacement tire, rolled tube, room temperature36) Программирование: Reset Type, Retrieval Type, Return Type37) Контроль качества: review time38) Авиационная медицина: reading test39) Велосипеды: ride time40) Интернет: retweet (перепечатка чужого поста в своей ленте сообщений на сайте twitter.com)41) Расширение файла: Reperforator Transmitter, Rich text42) Военно-политический термин: Research and Technology43) Электротехника: recovery time, remote tripping44) Имена и фамилии: Richard Thomas45) Должность: Registered Technologist, Reliable Totally, Residential Technician, Respiratory Therapist46) Чат: Related Topic47) Правительство: Run Time48) НАСА: Radio Telescope -
48 SERT
1) Спорт: Self Erecting Rifle Target2) Военный термин: Self Erecting Rifle Targets, Special Emergency Response Team, space electric rocket tests4) Религия: Scripture Experience Reason And Tradition5) Юридический термин: Sheriffs Emergency Response Team, State Emergency Response Team6) Сокращение: Society of Electronic and Radio Technicians, Space Electric Rocket Test, Special Emergency Response Team (Canada), System Engineering Requirements Team7) Университет: The Students Emergency Response Team8) Физиология: Special Equestrian Riding Therapy9) Вычислительная техника: Security Emergency Response Team (organization, Australien, Internet)10) Иммунология: транспортёр серотонина11) Транспорт: Special Equipment Release Truck13) Образование: School Energy Recycling Team14) Должность: Special Education Resource Teacher -
49 rt
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Reverse Transcriptase, radiography tests, комнатная температура (room temperature)2) Компьютерная техника: Ray Tracing3) Американизм: Red Tape, Resolved That, Round Table4) Ботаника: Root Tail5) Спорт: Race Team, Race Train, Racing Training, Random Team, Regulation Tie6) Военный термин: Radius of Target, Reconditioning Test, Restraint To Target, radar tracking, radio technician, radio tracking, radio transmitter, radiotelegraph, radiotelegraphy, radiotelephone, radiotelephony, range table, range timing, range tracking, reaction time, readiness test, recognition time, reconnaissance team, record transfer, reduction table, reference trajectory, regiment transport, regulation team, relay transmitter, relocatable target, remote terminal, reserve training, response time, retention time, road traffic, road transport, rocket target, rough terrain, round trip7) Техника: radio tower, radioactive test, radiography testing, range tracker, reactor trip, receive-transmit, receiver and transmitter, rectangular transform, reference temperature, repeatability factor, resistance thermometer, reusable telescope, revolving radio beacon, rotating table, running time, обозначение для радиомаяков с вращающейся диаграммой направленности антенны (МСЭ)8) Химия: Reagent Type9) Математика: Regression Testing10) Железнодорожный термин: River Terminal Railway Company11) Фармакология: время удерживания (retention time)12) Финансы: оборачиваемость дебиторской задолженности (receivables turnover), bank routing number13) Страхование: Register ton14) Металлургия: Raise Top15) Телевидение: rotary transformer16) Телекоммуникации: Refuse Transmission, Rotation Time, Routing Type17) Сокращение: Radio Telephone (R/T), Radio Telephone, Radio Transceiver, RealTime, receiver-transmitter, right, Reuters (agency, UK)18) Университет: Rhodes Tower (formerly University Tower, Cleveland State University)19) Физиология: Radiation therapy, Reactive Trigger, Reference Treatment, Respiratory therapy20) Электроника: Radio Telephony21) Вычислительная техника: Register Transfer, реальное время22) Нефть: rotary table, rotary tools, оборудование для роторного бурения (rotary table), ротор (rotary table)23) Онкология: Radiotherapy24) Картография: radiotower25) Геофизика: Электрическое сопротивление пласта (Formation resistivity, RT)26) Транспорт: Rail Transit, Right Turn, Road Tool, Road Track, Roll Top27) Фирменный знак: Red Top Cab Company, Robinson Technologies, Ross Technologies28) Холодильная техника: refrigeration ton30) Деловая лексика: Regular Terms, Request Tracker, Return This31) Бурение: роторный стол (rotary table)32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Real Terms money, radiographic testing, resident team, running tool, true resistivity, resident team (Shell in Haarlem), Real Terms, radiographic testing радиографическая дефектоскопия33) Образование: Read And Trade, Resource Teacher34) Сетевые технологии: RISC technology, real time, реальное время РТАМ дистанционный терминальный метод доступа35) Полимеры: radiographic test, regular tenacity, reinforced thermosets, replacement tire, rolled tube, room temperature36) Программирование: Reset Type, Retrieval Type, Return Type37) Контроль качества: review time38) Авиационная медицина: reading test39) Велосипеды: ride time40) Интернет: retweet (перепечатка чужого поста в своей ленте сообщений на сайте twitter.com)41) Расширение файла: Reperforator Transmitter, Rich text42) Военно-политический термин: Research and Technology43) Электротехника: recovery time, remote tripping44) Имена и фамилии: Richard Thomas45) Должность: Registered Technologist, Reliable Totally, Residential Technician, Respiratory Therapist46) Чат: Related Topic47) Правительство: Run Time48) НАСА: Radio Telescope -
50 государственные первичное
Engineering: governmental tests, state testingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > государственные первичное
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51 delay
di'lei
1. verb1) (to put off to another time: We have delayed publication of the book till the spring.) aplazar, retrasar2) (to keep or stay back or slow down: I was delayed by the traffic.) retrasar
2. noun((something which causes) keeping back or slowing down: He came without delay; My work is subject to delays.) retrasodelay1 n retrasodelay2 vb retrasartr[dɪ'leɪ]1 (act, state) demora, tardanza, dilación nombre femenino; (amount of time) retraso, demora; (traffic hold-up) embotellamiento, atasco■ without delay sin demora, sin dilación1 (defer, postpone - gen) aplazar, retrasar; (payment) aplazar, diferir2 (make late - flight, train) retrasar, demorar; (person) entretener1 (be late) tardar; (act slowly) entretenerse■ don't delay! ¡no tardes!delay [di'leɪ] vt1) postpone: posponer, postergar2) hold up: retrasar, demorardelay vi: tardar, demorardelay n1) lateness: tardanza f2) holdup: demora f, retraso mn.• atraso s.m.• demora s.f.• dilación s.f.• dilatoria s.f.• espera s.f.• larga s.f.• postergación s.f.• retardo s.m.• retraso s.m.• tardanza s.f.v.• atrasar v.• demorar v.• diferir v.• dilatar v.• emperezar v.• postergar v.• retardar v.• retrasar v.• tardar v.
I
1. dɪ'leɪ1)a) (make late, hold up) retrasar, demorar (esp AmL)b) delaying pres p <action/tactics> dilatorio2)a) ( defer) \<\<decision/payment\>\> retrasar, demorar (esp AmL)to delay -ING: we delayed signing the contract — retrasamos or (AmL tb) demoramos la firma del contrato
b) delayed past p <action/effect/reaction> retardado
2.
vi tardar, demorar (esp AmL)
II
1)a) u ( waiting) tardanza f, dilación f, demora f (esp AmL)and now, without further delay... — y ahora, sin más preámbulos...
b) c ( holdup) retraso m, demora f (esp AmL)delays can be expected on major roads — se puede esperar embotellamientos en las principales carreteras
2) ca) ( extra time) ( Law) aplazamiento m, prórroga fb) ( interval) lapso m, intervalo m[dɪ'leɪ]1.N (=hold-up) retraso m, demora f (esp LAm); (=act of delaying) retraso m, dilación f ; (to traffic) retención f, atasco m ; (to train) retraso mthere will be delays to traffic — habrá retenciones or atascos en las carreteras
these measures should be implemented without further delay — estas medidas deben ponerse en práctica sin más demora
2.VT (=hold up) [+ person] retrasar, entretener; [+ train] retrasar; [+ start, opening] retrasar, demorar (LAm); (=postpone) aplazar, demorar (LAm); (=obstruct) impedirwhat delayed you? — ¿por qué has tardado tanto?
to delay doing sth: we delayed going out until Jane arrived — retrasamos la salida hasta que llegara Jane
the illness could have been treated if you hadn't delayed going to the doctor — se hubiera podido tratar la enfermedad si no hubieras tardado tanto en ir al médico
delayed broadcast — (US) transmisión f en diferido
delayed effect — efecto m retardado
3.VI tardar, demorarse (LAm)don't delay! — (in doing sth) ¡no pierdas tiempo!; (on the way) ¡no te entretengas!, ¡no tardes!, ¡no te demores! (LAm)
* * *
I
1. [dɪ'leɪ]1)a) (make late, hold up) retrasar, demorar (esp AmL)b) delaying pres p <action/tactics> dilatorio2)a) ( defer) \<\<decision/payment\>\> retrasar, demorar (esp AmL)to delay -ING: we delayed signing the contract — retrasamos or (AmL tb) demoramos la firma del contrato
b) delayed past p <action/effect/reaction> retardado
2.
vi tardar, demorar (esp AmL)
II
1)a) u ( waiting) tardanza f, dilación f, demora f (esp AmL)and now, without further delay... — y ahora, sin más preámbulos...
b) c ( holdup) retraso m, demora f (esp AmL)delays can be expected on major roads — se puede esperar embotellamientos en las principales carreteras
2) ca) ( extra time) ( Law) aplazamiento m, prórroga fb) ( interval) lapso m, intervalo m -
52 in
(in(to) usually small pieces: The broken mirror lay in bits on the floor; He loves taking his car to bits.) (hecho) añicos/pedazosin prep1. enis Mary in? ¿está Mary en casa?2. por3. en / dentro deit will cost you £50 in all te costará 50 libras en totalin se traduce por otras preposiciones españolas según cada casointr[ɪn]1 (place) en, dentro de■ who's in the film? ¿quién sale en la película?2 (motion) en, a■ you're going in the wrong direction vas mal encaminado, vas en dirección equivocada3 (time - during) en, durante4 (time - within) en, dentro de5 (wearing) en, vestido,-a de6 (manner) en■ pay in cash paga en metálico, paga en efectivo7 (state, condition) en■ she's in a good/bad mood está de buen/mal humor8 (ratio, measurement, number) varias traducciones9 (form, shape) varias traducciones10 (profession) en11 (weather, light) varias traducciones■ sit in the sun/shade siéntate al sol/a la sombra■ low in calories bajo,-a en calorías■ deaf in one ear sordo,-a de un oído13 (after superlative) de14 (with pres part) al, cuando1 (motion) dentro■ come in! ¡adelante!, ¡pase!■ let me in! ¡déjame entrar!■ what time does the plane get in? ¿a qué hora aterriza el avión?3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (ball, shuttlecock)■ the ball was in! ¡la pelota entró!, ¡la pelota fue buena!4 (tide) alto,-a5 (fashionable) de moda6 (in power) en el poder8 (on sale, obtainable) disponible■ have you got that book in? ¿tienes aquel libro?, ¿ha llegado aquel libro?9 (crops) recogido,-a1 (fashionable) de moda2 (private) particular■ is Jack in? ¿está Jack?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be all in estar agotado,-a, estar rendido,-ato be in for something (be about to experience) estar a punto de recibir algo, estar a punto de tener algo■ you're in for it! ¡la que te espera!■ are you in for this game? ¿vas a jugar?to be in on something estar enterado,-a de algo, estar al tanto de algo■ were you in on it too? ¿también estabas enterado?to be (well) in with somebody llevarse (muy) bien con alguien, tener (mucha) confianza con alguiento have it in for somebody tenerla tomada con alguienwhat's in it for me? ¿y yo qué saco?, ¿y yo qué gano?————————intr[ɪnʧ]1 ( inch) pulgadain ['ɪn] adv1) inside: dentro, adentrolet's go in: vamos adentro2) harvested: recogidothe crops are in: las cosechas ya están recogidas3)to be in : estaris Linda in?: ¿está Linda?4)to be in : estar en poderthe Democrats are in: los demócratas están en el poder5)to be in for : ser objeto de, estar a punto dethey're in for a treat: los van a agasajarhe's in for a surprise: se va a llevar una sorpresa6)to be in on : participar en, tomar parte enin adj1) inside: interiorthe in part: la parte interior2) fashionable: de modain prepin the lake: en el lagoa pain in the leg: un dolor en la piernain the sun: al solin the rain: bajo la lluviathe best restaurant in Buenos Aires: el mejor restaurante de Buenos Aires2) into: en, ahe broke it in pieces: lo rompió en pedazosshe went in the house: se metió a la casa3) during: por, durantein the afternoon: por la tarde4) within: dentro deI'll be back in a week: vuelvo dentro de una semanain Spanish: en españolwritten in pencil: escrito con lápizin this way: de esta manerato be in luck: tener suerteto be in love: estar enamoradoto be in a hurry: tener prisain reply: en respuesta, como réplicainadj.• interior adj.adv.• adentro adv.• dentro adv.• en casa adv.prep.• a prep.• de prep.• dentro de prep.• en prep.• por prep.= Indiana[ɪn]1. PREPOSITIONWhen in is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg ask in, fill in, look in, etc, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg in the country, in ink, in danger, covered in, look up the other word.1) (in expressions of place) en; (=inside) dentro deit's in London/Scotland/Galicia — está en Londres/Escocia/Galicia
in the house — en casa; (=inside) dentro de la casa
When phrases like, are used to identify a particular group, is the usual translation:our bags were stolen, and our passports were in them — nos robaron los bolsos, y nuestros pasaportes iban dentro
the chairs in the room — las sillas de la habitación, las sillas que hay en la habitación or dentro de la habitación
•
in here/ there — aquí/allí dentroa) (=during) enin May/spring — en mayo/primavera
in the eighties/the 20th century — en los años ochenta/el siglo 20
in the morning(s)/evening(s) — por la mañana/la tarde
at four o'clock in the morning/afternoon — a las cuatro de la mañana/la tarde
b) (=for)c) (=in the space of) enI did it in 3 hours/days — lo hice en 3 horas/días
d) (=within) dentro deI'll see you in three weeks' time or in three weeks — te veré dentro de tres semanas
he'll be back in a moment/a month — volverá dentro de un momento/un mes
3) (indicating manner, medium) enin a loud/soft voice — en voz alta/baja
in Spanish/English — en español/inglés
a magnificent sculpture in marble and copper — una magnífica escultura de or en mármol y cobre
4) (=clothed in)When phrases like, are used to identify a particular person, is the usual translation: dressedthey were all in shorts — todos iban en or llevaban pantalón corto
5) (giving ratio, number)he had only a one in fifty chance of survival — solo tenía una posibilidad entre cincuenta de sobrevivir
what happened was a chance in a million — había una posibilidad entre un millón de que pasara lo que pasó
these jugs are produced in their millions — estas jarras se fabrican por millones, se fabrican millones de estas jarras
people came in their hundreds — acudieron cientos de personas, la gente acudió a centenares
6) (=among) entrethis is common in children/cats — es cosa común entre los niños/los gatos
you find this instinct in animals — este instinto se encuentra en or entre los animales, los animales poseen este instinto
they have a good leader in him — él es buen líder para ellos, en él tienen un buen líder
a condition rare in a child of that age — una dolencia extraña en or para un niño de esa edad
it's something I admire in her — es algo que admiro de or en ella
armyhe had all the qualities I was looking for in a partner — tenía todas las cualidades que yo buscaba en un compañero
9) (after superlative) dethe biggest/smallest in Europe — el más grande/pequeño de Europa
10) (with verb)in all en total in itself de por sí in that (=since) puesto que, ya quein making a fortune he lost his wife — mientras hacía fortuna, perdió su mujer
the new treatment is preferable in that... — es preferible el nuevo tratamiento puesto or ya que...
what's in it for me far 1., 1)in that, he resembles his father — en eso se parece a su padre
2. ADVERB1) to be in (=be at home) estar (en casa); (=be at work) estar; (=be gathered in) [crops, harvest] estar recogido; (=be at destination) [train, ship, plane] haber llegado; (=be alight) estar encendido, arder; (Sport) [ball, shuttlecock] entraris Mr Eccles in? — ¿está el Sr. Eccles?
he's in for tests — (in hospital) está ingresado para unas pruebas
he's in for larceny — (in prison) está encerrado por ladrón
what's he in for? — ¿de qué delito se le acusa?
when the Tories were in * — (in power) cuando los conservadores estaban en el poder
strawberries are in — es la temporada de las fresas, las fresas están en sazón
to be in and outthe fire is still in — el fuego sigue encendido or aún arde
to be in for sthdon't worry, you'll be in and out in no time — no te preocupes, saldrás enseguida
you don't know what you're in for! — ¡no sabes lo que te espera!
to be in for a competition — (=be entered) haberse inscrito en un concurso
to be in for an exam — presentarse a un examen to be in on sth (=be aware, involved)
•
to be in on the plan/secret * — estar al tanto del plan/del secretoare you in on it? — ¿estás tú metido en ello? to be well in with sb (=be friendly)
she opened the door and they all rushed in — abrió la puerta y todos entraron or se metieron corriendo
week in, week out — semana tras semana
4) (Sport)in! — ¡entró!
3. ADJECTIVE*1) (=fashionable) de modato be in — estar de moda, llevarse
short skirts were in — la falda corta estaba de moda, se llevaban las faldas cortas
she wore a very in dress — llevaba un vestido muy a la moda or de lo más moderno
2) (=exclusive)it's an in joke — es un chiste privado, es un chiste que tienen entre ellos/tenemos entre nosotros
if you're not in with the in crowd... — si no estás entre los elegidos...
4. NOUN1)the ins and outs of: the ins and outs of the problem — los pormenores del problema
dietary experts can advise on the ins and outs of dieting — los expertos en alimentación pueden dar información pormenorizada sobre las dietas
2) (US)(Pol)* * *= Indiana -
53 aussetzen
(trennb., hat -ge-)I v/t2. (Fische, wilde Tiere) release (into the wild); AGR. (Pflanzen) plant out4. (preisgeben) expose ( Dat to); (Kritik, Spott etc.) auch lay open to; Wind und Wetter / den neugierigen Blicken ausgesetzt sein be exposed to the weather / inquisitive stares; jemandes Launen hilflos ausgesetzt sein be at the mercy of s.o.’s moods5. im Testament: bequeath, leave; (Belohnung, Preis) offer, promise; einen Kopfpreis auf jemanden aussetzen put a price on s.o.’s head; für Hinweise, die zur Ergreifung des Täters führen, sind 1000 Euro ausgesetzt 1000 euros are offered for information that leads to an arrest8. etwas aussetzen ( oder auszusetzen haben) an (+ Dat) object to, find fault with; was ist oder gibt es daran auszusetzen? what’s wrong with it?; er hat immer etwas auszusetzen (an + Dat) he’s never satisfied (with), he never stops criticizing; er hat dauernd was an mir auszusetzen he’s always going on at (Am. picking on) me about something (or other); ich habe nichts daran auszusetzen I have no objections, I have nothing against it; an Gerät etc.: I have no complaints (about it)9. Billard: (Kugel) place11. KATH. (das Allerheiligste) exposeII v/i1. (unterbrechen) stop, break off; Herz, Pulsschlag: miss a beat; öfter: be irregular; völlig: stop (beating); Motor: stall2. (eine Pause machen) take a rest; beim Spiel: ( eine Runde) aussetzen ( müssen) (have to) miss a turn, (have to) sit (a round) out; einen Tag aussetzen take a day off; mit etw. aussetzen stop (+ Ger.) sie hat mit der Pille ausgesetzt she’s stopped taking the pill; ohne auszusetzen without stoppingIII v/refl siehe I 4* * *(stehen bleiben) to misfire;(unterbrechen) to discontinue;(zurücklassen) to expose;sich aussetzento submit* * *aus|set|zen sep1. vt1) Kind, Haustier to abandon; Wild, Fische to release; Pflanzen to plant out; (NAUT ) Passagiere to maroon; Boot to lower2)(= preisgeben)
áússetzen — to expose sb/sth to sthjdn dem Gelächter áússetzen — to expose sb to ridicule
3) (= festsetzen) Belohnung, Preis to offer; (in Testament) to bequeath, to leave1000 Dollar áússetzen — to put 1,000 dollars on sb's head
für Hinweise, die zur Ergreifung der Täter führen, sind 5.000 Euro Belohnung ausgesetzt — a reward of 5,000 euros is being offered for information leading to the arrest of the suspects
5) (= vertagen) Strafvollstreckung, Verfahren to suspend; Urteilsverkündung to defereine Strafe zur Bewährung áússetzen — to give a suspended sentence
6)an jdm/etw etwas auszusetzen haben — to find fault with sb/sth
7) Billardkugel to place2. vi(= aufhören) to stop; (Mensch) to break off, to stop; (bei Spiel) to sit out; (Herz) to stop (beating); (Motor) to fail, to stop; (= versagen) to give outmit etw áússetzen — to stop sth
mit der Pille áússetzen — to stop taking the pill
mit der Behandlung áússetzen — to interrupt the treatment
zwei Wochen mit der Arbeit áússetzen — to interrupt one's work for two weeks
ich setze besser mal aus — I'd better have a break; (bei Spiel) I'd better sit this one out
einen Tag áússetzen — to take a day off
* * *1) (to stop working, sometimes because of a safety device: The engines cut out ( noun cut-out).) cut out2) cut out3) ((an) act of exposing or state of being exposed: Prolonged exposure of the skin to hot sun can be harmful.) exposure4) (to uncover; to leave unprotected from (eg weather, danger, observation etc): Paintings should not be exposed to direct sunlight; Don't expose children to danger.) expose5) (to put (someone) on shore on a lonely island from which he cannot escape.) maroon6) (to remain seated during a dance: Let's sit (this one) out.) sit out7) (to cause to suffer, or submit (to something): He was subjected to cruel treatment; These tyres are subjected to various tests before leaving the factory.) subject* * *Aus·set·zen<->* * *1.transitives Verb1) expose (Dat. to)3) (hinaussetzen) release < animal> [into the wild]; plant out <plants, seedlings>; launch, lower < boat>4)an jemandem/etwas nichts auszusetzen haben — have no objection to somebody/something
an jemandem/etwas/allem etwas auszusetzen haben — find fault with somebody/something/everything
5) (in Aussicht stellen) offer <reward, prize>eine große Summe für etwas aussetzen — provide a large sum for something
6) (Kaufmannsspr.) prepare < consignment> [for packing]2.intransitives Verber muss solang[e] aussetzen, bis er eine Sechs würfelt — he must wait until he throws a six
* * *aussetzen (trennb, hat -ge-)A. v/tWind und Wetter/den neugierigen Blicken ausgesetzt sein be exposed to the weather/inquisitive stares;jemandes Launen hilflos ausgesetzt sein be at the mercy of sb’s moodseinen Kopfpreis auf jemanden aussetzen put a price on sb’s head;für Hinweise, die zur Ergreifung des Täters führen, sind 1000 Euro ausgesetzt 1000 euros are offered for information that leads to an arrest7. JUR:(eine Strafe) zur Bewährung aussetzen give a suspended sentence8.an (+dat) object to, find fault with;gibt es daran auszusetzen? what’s wrong with it?;an +dat) he’s never satisfied (with), he never stops criticizing;er hat dauernd was an mir auszusetzen he’s always going on at (US picking on) me about something (or other);ich habe nichts daran auszusetzen I have no objections, I have nothing against it; an Gerät etc: I have no complaints (about it)9. Billard: (Kugel) placeB. v/i1. (unterbrechen) stop, break off; Herz, Pulsschlag: miss a beat; öfter: be irregular; völlig: stop (beating); Motor: stalleinen Tag aussetzen take a day off;aussetzen stop (+ger)sie hat mit der Pille ausgesetzt she’s stopped taking the pill;ohne auszusetzen without stoppingC. v/r → A 4* * *1.transitives Verb1) expose (Dat. to)3) (hinaussetzen) release < animal> [into the wild]; plant out <plants, seedlings>; launch, lower < boat>4)an jemandem/etwas nichts auszusetzen haben — have no objection to somebody/something
an jemandem/etwas/allem etwas auszusetzen haben — find fault with somebody/something/everything
5) (in Aussicht stellen) offer <reward, prize>6) (Kaufmannsspr.) prepare < consignment> [for packing]2.intransitives Verb2) (eine Pause machen) < player> miss a turner muss solange aussetzen, bis er eine Sechs würfelt — he must wait until he throws a six
* * *v.to suspend v. -
54 wiederholen
to retell; to retry; to reiterate; to iterate; to repeat; to re-enact; to replicate; to rehearse;sich wiederholento recur* * *wie|der|ho|len [viːdɐ'hoːlən] ptp wiederholt insep1. vtito repeat; (= zum zweiten Mal, mehrmals) Forderung etc to reiterate; (COMPUT: = erneut ausführen) to retry, to try again; (zusammenfassend) to recapitulate; Lernstoff to revise, to review (US); Prüfung to retake, to resit (Brit); (Film) Szene to retake; (SPORT ) Elfmeter etc to retake, to take again; Spiel to replaywiederholt, was ich euch vorsage — repeat after me
(eine Klasse or ein Jahr) wiederhólen (Sch) — to repeat a year
2. vr(Mensch) to repeat oneself; (Thema, Ereignis) to recur, to be repeated; (Dezimalstelle) to recur* * *1) (to say or do again: Would you repeat those instructions, please?) repeat2) (to film (part of a film etc) again.) retake* * *wie·der·ho·len *1[vi:dɐˈho:lən]I. vt▪ etw \wiederholen1. (abermals durchführen) to repeat sth3. (repetieren) to revise sthKlassenarbeiten \wiederholen to resit written testsdas Staatsexamen \wiederholen to retake the state examination5. (nachsprechen) to repeat sth6. (erneut vorbringen) to repeat stheine Frage [noch einmal] \wiederholen to repeat a question [once again]II. vr1. (sich wiederum ereignen) to recur2. (noch einmal sagen) to repeat oneselfwie·der|ho·len2[ˈvi:dɐho:lən]vt▪ jdn \wiederholen to get [or fetch] sb back▪ [jdm] etw \wiederholen to bring sth back for sb* * *I 1.transitives Verb1) repeat; replay < football match>; retake < penalty kick>; resit, retake < exam>; hold < election> again2) (nochmals sagen) repeat, reiterate <question, demand, offer, etc.>3) (repetieren) revise <lesson, vocabulary, etc.>2.reflexives Verb1) (wieder dasselbe sagen) repeat oneself2) (erneut geschehen) happen again3) (wiederkehren) be repeated; recurIItransitives Verb fetch or get back* * *wieder'holen (untrennb, hat)A. v/t1. repeat; weitS. say ( oder do) sth again; (Aufnahme, Freistoß etc) retake; (Spiel) replay; (Prüfung) retake, Br auch resit; (Sendung) rerun; (nachsprechen) repeat (after sb)B. v/r1. Person: repeat o.s.ein sich wiederholendes Muster a repeating pattern;das darf sich nicht wiederholen auch that mustn’t be allowed to happen again'wiederholen v/t (trennb, hat -ge-) get back* * *I 1.transitives Verb1) repeat; replay < football match>; retake < penalty kick>; resit, retake < exam>; hold < election> again2) (nochmals sagen) repeat, reiterate <question, demand, offer, etc.>3) (repetieren) revise <lesson, vocabulary, etc.>2.reflexives Verb1) (wieder dasselbe sagen) repeat oneself2) (erneut geschehen) happen again3) (wiederkehren) be repeated; recurIItransitives Verb fetch or get back* * *v.to iterate v.to re enact expr.to repeat v.to replicate v.to rerun v.(§ p.,p.p.: reran, rerun)to retry v.to rollback v. -
55 esperar
v.1 to wait (for).te esperaremos en el aeropuerto we'll meet you at the airport, we'll be waiting for you at the airportesperar a que alguien haga algo to wait for somebody to do somethingespera, que ya voy wait a minute, I'm comingElsa espera pacientemente Elsa waits patiently.2 to hope (tener esperanza de).espero poder ayudar I hope I can be of some helpesperar que to hope thatespero que sí/no I hope so/notesperar hacer algo to hope to do somethingEsperamos que suceda lo mejor We hope for the best.3 to expect (tener confianza en).no esperábamos esta reacción we didn't expect this reactionesperar algo de alguien to expect something from somebody, to hope for something from somebodycomo era de esperar as was to be expectedElsa espera un milagro Elsa expects a miracle.4 to await, to be in store for (ser inevitable).le esperan dificultades many difficulties await him¡me espera una buena en casa! (informal) I'm in for it when I get home!5 to wait for, to await, to wait.Elsa espera el tren Elsa waits for the train.6 to expect to, to look forward to, to hope to, to be expecting to.Ellos esperan llegar pronto They hope to arrive soon.7 to await for, to expect, to watch for.Ellos esperan la noticia They await for the news.Me espera una sorpresa A surprise awaits for me.* * *1 (tener esperanza) to hope for, expect2 (contar, creer) to expect3 (aguardar) to wait for, await4 (desear) to hope5 (ser inevitable) to await, be ahead1 to wait1 (aguardar) to wait2 (creer, contar) to expect3 (desear) to hope\en espera de noticias tuyas we hope to hear from you soon¡espérate sentado! don't hold your breath!, you'll be waiting till the cows come home!espero que no I hope notespero que sí I hope sohacer esperar a alguien to keep somebody waitinghacerse esperar to keep people waitingquien espera desespera a watched pot never boils* * *verb1) to wait for, await2) expect3) hope•* * *1. VT1) (=aguardar) [+ tren, persona] to wait foresperaban noticias de los rehenes — they were waiting for o awaiting news of the hostages
¡la que te espera cuando llegues a casa! — you're (in) for it when you get home!
un lío de aquí te espero — * a tremendous row *
2) (=desear) to hopehan prometido castigar a los culpables y espero que sea así — they've promised to punish those responsible and I hope they will
- ya nos pagará -espero que sea así — "he'll pay us, you'll see" - "I hope you're right o I hope so"
-¿vienen a la fiesta? -espero que sí — "are they coming to the party?" - "I hope so"
-¿crees que se enfadará? -espero que no — "do you think she will be angry?" - "I hope not"
3) (=contar con) to expect¿esperas visita? — are you expecting someone?
¿acaso esperas que pague yo? — you're not expecting me to pay, are you?
¿qué esperas, que encima te lo agradezca? — don't expect me to thank you for it as well
¿qué puedes esperar de él, después de cómo se ha comportado? — what do you expect from him, after the way he has behaved?
•
era de esperar — it was to be expected•
no esperaba menos de ti — I expected nothing o no less of you4) [+ bebé]2. VI1) (=aguardar) to wait¡espera un momento, este no es mi libro! — hold on o wait a minute, this isn't my book!
espera en la puerta, ahora mismo voy — wait at the door, I'm just coming
esperar a o hasta que algn haga algo — to wait for sb to do sth
•
hacer esperar a algn — keep sb waiting2)• esperar en algn — to put one's hopes o trust in sb
3.See:ESPERAR Esperar tiene en inglés varias traducciones, entre las que se encuentran wait (for), await, hope y expect. ► Se traduce por wait ( for ) cuando esperar se refiere al hecho de aguardar la llegada de alguien o de un suceso: Hice el examen hace dos meses y todavía estoy esperando los resultados I took the exam two months ago and I'm still waiting for the results La esperó media hora y después se fue a casa He waited half an hour for her and then went home ► El verbo await es un verbo de uso similar a wait for, aunque no requiere el uso de la preposición y no es muy corriente en inglés moderno: Esperaban ansiosamente la llegada del Rey They eagerly awaited the arrival of the King ► Se traduce por hope cuando deseamos que algo suceda, pero no estamos seguros de si ocurrirá o no: Espero que no se enfade mucho conmigo I hope (that) she won't be very annoyed with me Después de terminar la carrera espero conseguir un buen trabajo I hope to get a good job when I finish university ► Traducimos esperar por expect cuando estamos muy seguros de que algo va a suceder o cuando hay una razón lógica para que algo suceda: Espero aprobar porque el examen me salió muy bien I expect to pass o I expect I'll pass because the exam went very well Ha resultado mejor de lo que esperábamos It was better than we expected Está esperando un niño She's expecting (a baby) Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <autobús/persona/acontecimiento> to wait for¿qué estás esperando para decírselo? — tell him! what are you waiting for?
b) ( recibir) to meetc) sorpresa to awaitya verás la que te espera en casa! — (fam) you'll catch it o you'll be for it when you get home! (colloq)
2)a) (contar con, prever) to expectesperar que + subj: ¿esperabas que te felicitara? did you expect me to congratulate you?; era de esperar que el proyecto fracasara the project was bound to fail; no esperes que cambie de idea don't expect me to change my mind; esperar algo de alguien/algo to expect something of somebody/something; esperaba otra cosa de ti I expected more of you; de ella no puedes esperar ayuda — don't expect her to help
b) <niño/bebé> to be expecting3) ( con esperanza) to hopeeso espero or espero que sí — I hope so
esperar + inf — to hope to + inf
2.esperar que + subj: espero que no llueva/que te guste I hope it doesn't rain/you like it; espero que tengas suerte I wish you luck; esperemos que no sea nada grave — let's hope it's nothing serious
esperar via) ( aguardar) to waitespera, que bajo contigo — wait a minute o (colloq) hold on, I'll come down with you
esperar a + inf: espera a estar seguro wait until you're sure; esperar (a) que + subj: esperaron (a) que él se fuera para entrar they waited for him to go before they went in; espera (a) que te llamen wait until they call you; esperar sentado (fam): si piensa que lo voy a llamar puede esperar sentado if he thinks I'm going to call him he's got another think coming (colloq); ¿que él cambie de idea? mejor espera sentada him change his mind? some hope!; quien espera desespera — waiting's the worst part
b) embarazada3.¿para cuándo espera? — when's the baby due?
esperarse v pron1) (fam) ( aguardar) to hang on (colloq), to hold on (colloq)espérate ¿no ves que estoy ocupada? — wait a minute! can't you see I'm busy?
2) (fam) ( prever) to expectno me esperaba eso de él — I didn't expect that of o from him
* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <autobús/persona/acontecimiento> to wait for¿qué estás esperando para decírselo? — tell him! what are you waiting for?
b) ( recibir) to meetc) sorpresa to awaitya verás la que te espera en casa! — (fam) you'll catch it o you'll be for it when you get home! (colloq)
2)a) (contar con, prever) to expectesperar que + subj: ¿esperabas que te felicitara? did you expect me to congratulate you?; era de esperar que el proyecto fracasara the project was bound to fail; no esperes que cambie de idea don't expect me to change my mind; esperar algo de alguien/algo to expect something of somebody/something; esperaba otra cosa de ti I expected more of you; de ella no puedes esperar ayuda — don't expect her to help
b) <niño/bebé> to be expecting3) ( con esperanza) to hopeeso espero or espero que sí — I hope so
esperar + inf — to hope to + inf
2.esperar que + subj: espero que no llueva/que te guste I hope it doesn't rain/you like it; espero que tengas suerte I wish you luck; esperemos que no sea nada grave — let's hope it's nothing serious
esperar via) ( aguardar) to waitespera, que bajo contigo — wait a minute o (colloq) hold on, I'll come down with you
esperar a + inf: espera a estar seguro wait until you're sure; esperar (a) que + subj: esperaron (a) que él se fuera para entrar they waited for him to go before they went in; espera (a) que te llamen wait until they call you; esperar sentado (fam): si piensa que lo voy a llamar puede esperar sentado if he thinks I'm going to call him he's got another think coming (colloq); ¿que él cambie de idea? mejor espera sentada him change his mind? some hope!; quien espera desespera — waiting's the worst part
b) embarazada3.¿para cuándo espera? — when's the baby due?
esperarse v pron1) (fam) ( aguardar) to hang on (colloq), to hold on (colloq)espérate ¿no ves que estoy ocupada? — wait a minute! can't you see I'm busy?
2) (fam) ( prever) to expectno me esperaba eso de él — I didn't expect that of o from him
* * *esperar11 = await, wait, wait for, hang on, be in store, tarry.Ex: Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.
Ex: Otherwise documents will have to wait in cataloguing departments until the record does become available.Ex: Please accept this from the person who was probably the biggest sceptic in the State of Ohio at the beginning -- if we had waited for this from the start, I think we never would have started.Ex: ' Hang on a sec, okay?' the senior assistant librarian in charge of serials said as she put the phone down.Ex: A worse fate is in store for those whose integrated library sustem vendor goes out of business or is bought by another vendor.Ex: And arming himself with patience and piety he tarried awhile until the hubbub was stilled.* de aquí te espero = tremendous, humongous [humungous], massive, enormous, gianormous.* esperamos su repuesta = look forward to + hearing from you.* esperar con impaciencia = kick + Posesivo + heels.* esperar el turno de Uno = wait + Posesivo + turn.* esperar en el futuro = be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.* esperar entre bastidores = wait in + the wings, lurk in + the wings.* esperar impacientemente = kick + Posesivo + heels.* esperar sin nada que hacer = kick + Posesivo + heels.* esperar su momento = wait in + the wings, stand in + the wings, lurk in + the wings.* esperar su oportunidad = wait in + the wings, stand in + the wings, lurk in + the wings.* esperar una sorpresa desagradable = rude awakening + be in store, be in for a rude awakening.* hacer esperar = cool + Posesivo + heels.* hacer + Pronombre + esperar = keep + Pronombre + waiting.* lo que espera a = what is on store for.* lo que nos espera = things to come.* protesta + no hacerse esperar = cry + ring out.* ser lo que nos espera = be the shape of things to come.esperar22 = call on/upon, expect, hope, count on, look to, bank on.Ex: The difference is only that an indexer is not usually called upon to appreciate the subtleties of the subject to the same extent as an abstractor.
Ex: In a journal most formal items including articles, essays, discussions and reviews can be expected to be accompanied by an abstract.Ex: It is hoped that a new ISDS manual and guidelines for bibliographic description will be published in 1986.Ex: Bookstores can no longer count on customers buying books if there is a more attractive entertainment option.Ex: Those with more faith than I look to gigantic electronic archives maintained by governments and private companies that will ensure the indefinite survival of the electronic records of humankind.Ex: Don't bank on it, there can be bright sunshine, hailstones, drizzle, pouring rain and snowflurries in any given hour of the day.* como cabe esperar = unsurprisingly, as one might expect, as expected.* como cabía esperar = as expected.* como cabría esperar = as might be expected, as one might expect.* como era de esperar = as expected.* como es de esperar = predictably, not surprisingly, as expected.* cuando menos te lo esperes = on any given Sunday.* decir + esperar = express + hope.* es de esperar = hopefully.* esperamos sus noticias = look forward to + hearing from you.* esperando que = in hopeful expectation that.* esperar con ansiedad = hope for, hold + Posesivo + breath.* esperar con ansiedad (+ Infinitivo) = look forward to (+ Gerundio).* esperar con interés (+ Infinitivo), = look forward to (+ Gerundio).* esperar impacientemente (+ Infinitivo) = look forward to (+ Gerundio).* esperar lo imposible = shoot (for) + the moon, cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.* esperar lo peor = expect + the worst.* esperarse = hold + Posesivo + horses.* esperarse Algo = come as + no surprise.* esperar una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* llegar a esperar = come to + expect.* mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.* que espera demasiado = over expectant.* salir de donde menos Uno se lo espera = come out of + the woodwork.* sin esperarlo = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.* * *esperar [A1 ]vtA1 ‹autobús/persona/acontecimiento› to wait foresperaba el tren/a un amigo he was waiting for the train/a friendpodrías haber esperado un momento más oportuno you could have waited for a better momentespérame, ya voy wait for me, I'm just comingla esperé dos horas/en el bar I waited for her for two hours/in the baresperaban con impaciencia la llegada de sus amigos they were really looking forward to their friends coming, they couldn't wait for o they were dying for their friends to arrive ( colloq)le encanta hacerse esperar he loves to keep people waitingesperar algo/a algn PARA + INF:¿qué estás esperando para decírselo? tell him! what are you waiting for?no me esperes para cenar eat without me o don't wait for me to eat2 (recibir) to meetla fuimos a esperar al aeropuerto we went to meet her at the airport¿dónde van a esperar el Año Nuevo? where will you be seeing the New Year in?3 «sorpresa» to awaitla reacción del gobierno no se hizo esperar the government was swift to reactcomo no salgamos temprano ya sabes lo que nos espera a la salida de Madrid if we don't leave early, you know what problems we'll have o you know what it'll be like trying to leave Madridle espera un futuro difícil he has a difficult future ahead of him¡ya verás la que te espera en casa! ( fam); you'll catch it o you'll be for it when you get home! ( colloq)B1 (contar con, prever) to expecttal como esperábamos just as we expectedcuando uno menos lo espera when you least expect itven a cenar, te espero alrededor de las nueve come to dinner, I'll expect you around nineestoy esperando una llamada de Nueva York I'm expecting a call from New Yorkesperan un lleno completo they expect a full housetuvo mayor aceptación de lo que se esperaba it proved to be more popular than had been expectedesperar QUE + SUBJ:se espera que más de un millón de personas visite la exposición over a million people are expected to visit the exhibition¿qué esperabas, que te felicitara? what did you expect me to do? congratulate you?era de esperar que el proyecto fracasara the project was bound to fail, it was only to be expected that the project would failno esperes que cambie de idea don't expect me to change my mindesperar algo DE algn/algo to expect sth OF sb/sthesperaba otra cosa de ti I expected more of youno hay que esperar mucho de las conversaciones we shouldn't expect too much of the talksde ella no puedes esperar ayuda don't expect her to help, you can't expect to get any help from her2 ‹niño/bebé› to be expectingesperan el primer hijo para mayo they're expecting their first child in Mayestá esperando familia she's expectingC (con esperanza) to hope¿te vienen a recoger? — eso espero are they coming to collect you? — I hope so¿quedarán entradas? — espero que sí will there be any tickets left? — I hope so¿habrá perdido el tren? — espero que no do you think he's missed the train? — I hope notesperar + INF:espero poder llegar a la cumbre esta vez I hope to be able to reach the summit this timeespero no haberme olvidado de nada I hope I haven't forgotten anythingesperar QUE + SUBJ:espero que no llueva/que haga buen tiempo I hope it doesn't rain/the weather's niceespero que tengas suerte I wish you luckespero que no me haya mentido I hope he hasn't lied to meesperemos que no sea nada grave let's hope it's nothing serious¡y yo que esperaba que estuviera todo listo! and there was I hoping that everything would be ready!■ esperarviA1 (aguardar) to waitlo siento, no podemos esperar más I'm sorry, we can't wait any longermientras esperaba corregí los exámenes I corrected the tests while I was waitingespera, que bajo contigo wait a minute o ( colloq) hold on, I'll come down with youespere un momento, por favor wait a moment, pleaseespera un momento ¿tú qué haces aquí? just a moment, what are you doing here?vamos, que el tren no espera come on, the train won't wait for usesperar A + INF:espera a estar seguro antes de hablar con ella wait until you're sure before you talk to hermejor espero a tener un poco más de dinero ahorrado I'd better wait until I've saved a bit more moneyesperar ( A) QUE + SUBJ:el profesor esperó (a) que hubiera silencio the teacher waited for them to be quiettiene que esperar (a) que lo llamen you have to wait for them to call you o until they call youesperaron (a) que él se fuera para entrar they waited for him to go before they went inesperar sentado ( fam): si piensa que lo voy a llamar puede esperar sentado if he thinks I'm going to call him he's got another think coming ( colloq)¿que él cambie de idea? mejor espera sentada him change his mind? some hope! o don't hold your breath! o we could be waiting till the cows come home! ( colloq)quien espera desespera waiting's the worst part, the waiting gets you down2«embarazada»: no sabía que estaba esperando I didn't know she was expecting¿para cuándo espera? when's the baby due?quedar esperando ( Chi); to get pregnantespérate ¿no ves que estoy ocupada? wait a minute o hang on o hold on! can't you see I'm busy?¿qué te esperabas por ese precio? what did you expect for that price?no me esperaba esa reacción I hadn't expected her to react like that¿quién se iba a esperar que saliera elegido él? who would have thought he would be elected?* * *
esperar ( conjugate esperar) verbo transitivo
1
◊ ¿qué estás esperando para decírselo? tell him! what are you waiting for?
2
cuando uno menos lo espera when you least expect it;
te espero alrededor de las nueve I'll expect you around nine;
¿esperabas que te felicitara? did you expect me to congratulate you?;
era de esperar que el proyecto fracasara the project was bound to fail
3 ( con esperanza) to hope;
eso espero or espero que sí I hope so;
esperar hacer algo to hope to do sth;
espero que no llueva I hope it doesn't rain;
esperemos que no sea nada grave let's hope it's nothing serious
verbo intransitivo
espera a estar seguro wait until you're sure;
esperaron (a) que él se fuera para entrar they waited for him to go before they went inb) [ embarazada]:
esperarse verbo pronominal
1 (fam) ( aguardar) to hang on (colloq), to hold on (colloq)
2 (fam) ( prever) to expect;◊ ¡quién se lo iba a esperar! who would have thought it!
esperar
I verbo transitivo
1 (aguardar) to wait for: espera un momento, ¿seguro que hablas del mismo Pedro?, wait a minute, are you sure you're talking about the same Peter?
2 (tener esperanza) to hope: espero que todo salga bien, I hope everything turns out well ➣ Ver nota en hope 3 (desear, suponer) to expect
4 fig (un hijo) to expect ➣ Ver nota en expect
II verbo intransitivo to wait: no puedo esperar más, I can't wait any longer
♦ Locuciones: familiar de aquí te espero, incredible, massive: afuera hay un follón de aquí te espero, there's an incredible mess outside
esperar sentado, to have a long wait in store: si creéis que voy a participar en esa locura podéis esperar sentados, if you think that I'm going to have any part of that madness, you'll have to wait a long time
Esperar tiene tres significados básicos, que corresponden a tres verbos ingleses:
Aguardar, en sentido general, se traduce por to wait: Llevo media hora esperándote, I've been waiting for you for half an hour.
Tener esperanza, desear, se traduce por to hope: Espero que vengas mañana. I hope you will come tomorrow. Espero que sí. I hope so.
Suponer, esperar algo sabiendo que es muy probable que ocurra, se traduce por to expect: Espero la visita de un amigo (sabemos que va a venir). I'm expecting a friend to call.
' esperar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acecho
- aguardar
- amabilidad
- cruzarse
- ser
- esperanza
- pelaje
- pendiente
- prometerse
- satisfacción
- como
- esperado
- exigir
- favor
- hacer
- mucho
- preferir
English:
aim
- anticipate
- await
- bargain for
- bargain on
- daydream
- eruption
- expect
- hang about
- hang around
- hang on
- hold off
- hold on
- hope
- magic wand
- sit up
- to
- trust
- wait
- wait about
- wait around
- wind
- would
- bear
- bide
- count
- dark
- delay
- duly
- else
- hang
- hold
- mind
- unprepared
- unrealistic
* * *♦ vt1. [aguardar] to wait for;esperar el autobús to wait for the bus;te esperaremos en el aeropuerto we'll meet you at the airport, we'll be waiting for you at the airport;espéranos un minuto wait for us a minute;¡espérame, que voy contigo! wait for me, I'm coming with you!;¿a qué estás esperando? what are you waiting for?;esperar a que alguien haga algo to wait for sb to do sth;esperaré a que vuelva I'll wait till she gets backesperamos salir al campo el domingo we are hoping to go on a trip to the countryside on Sunday;espero poder ayudar I hope I can be of some help;esperar que… to hope that…;espero que sí/no I hope so/not;espero que no te hayas ofendido I hope you didn't take offence;esperamos que no sea nada let's hope it's nothing serious;ser de esperar: es de esperar que no ocurra ninguna desgracia let's hope nothing terrible happens;era de esperar que ocurriría esto you could have predicted this would happen;como era de esperar as was to be expected;como era de esperar, llovió mucho as was to be expected o as you might expect, there was a lot of rain3. [tener confianza en] to expect;no esperábamos esta reacción we didn't expect this reaction;espero que venga esta noche I expect (that) she'll come tonight;esperar algo de alguien to expect sth from sb, to hope for sth from sb;espero discreción de usted I expect discretion from you, I expect you to be discreet;¿y qué esperabas (de alguien así)? what did you expect (from someone like that)?;no esperaba menos de él I expected no less of him4. [ser inminente para] to await, to be in store for;nos esperan un buen baño y una cama there's a nice warm bath and a bed waiting for us;le esperan dificultades he's in for some problems, there are problems in store for him;Fam¡me espera una buena en casa! I'm in for it when I get home!;Fam♦ vi1. [aguardar] to wait;espera en este despacho wait in this office;espera, que ya voy wait a minute, I'm coming;espera un instante o [m5]momento, ¿no es el famoso Pedro Valverde? hang on o wait a minute, isn't that the famous Pedro Valverde?;no creo que puedas hacerlo – espera y verás I don't think you'll be able to do it – just (you) wait and see;su enfado no se hizo esperar it didn't take long for her anger to surface;Famsi crees que te voy a dejar dinero, puedes esperar sentado if you think I'm going to lend you some money, you've got another think coming;hacer esperar a alguien to keep sb waiting, to make sb wait;me hiciste esperar una hora you kept me waiting (for) an hour;quien espera desespera a watched pot never boils2. [estar embarazada] to be expecting;está esperando desde hace cuatro meses she's four months pregnant* * *I v/t1 ( aguardar) wait for;hacerse esperar keep people waiting(así) lo espero I hope so, hopefully;espero que no I hope not, hopefully not;es de esperar que it is to be hoped that4:esperar un hijo be expecting a baby5:de aquí te espero fam incredible famII v/i ( aguardar) wait;puedes esperar sentado you’re in for a long wait* * *esperar vt1) aguardar: to wait for, to await2) : to expect3) : to hopeespero poder trabajar: I hope to be able to workespero que sí: I hope soesperar vi: to wait* * *esperar vb1. (aguardar) to wait / to wait for¿hace mucho que esperas? have you been waiting long?2. (creer, imaginar) to expect3. (tener esperanza, desear) to hope -
56 сдавать
1. сдать (вн.)1. ( передавать) hand over (d.), pass (d.); (о телеграммах, письмах и т. п.) hand in (d.); ( возвращать) return (d.), turn in (d.)сдавать вещи в багаж — register one's luggage, have one's luggage registered
сдавать багаж на хранение — leave* one's luggage in the cloakroom, deposit / leave* one's luggage
сдавать внаём — let* (d.), let* out (d.), hire out (d.); (о квартире и т. п.) let* (d.), rent (d.)
сдавать в аренду — lease (d.), grant on lease (d.), rent (d.)
2. (крепость, город и т. п.) surrender (d.), yield (d.)3. карт. deal* (round) (d.)4.:♢
сдавать экзамен — sit* for an examination2. сдать (без доп.; ослабевать)успешно сдать экзамен — pass an examination
be weakened, be in a reduced stateон очень сдал после болезни — he looks much worse after his illness; ( постарел) he looks years older after his illness
-
57 establish **** es·tab·lish vt
[ɪs'tæblɪʃ]1) (set up: company) costituire, (business) avviare, (state) creare, (committee) istituire, (custom, precedent, relations) stabilire, (power, authority, reputation) affermare, (peace, order) ristabilire2) (prove: fact, identity, sb's innocence) dimostrare -
58 излучение
beaming, emanation, radiated emission, emission, irradiation, radiation, shedding* * *излуче́ние с.1. radiation, emissionактиви́рованный излуче́нием — radioactivatedвы́званный излуче́нием — radiation-inducedизлуче́ние вызыва́ет пораже́ние — radiation causes damage (to …)вынужда́ть излуче́ние — induce [stimulate] (the emission of) radiationзащищё́нный от излуче́ния — ray-proofиндуци́ровать излуче́ние — induce [stimulate] (the emission of) radiationиспуска́ть излуче́ние — emit radiationиспуска́ть излуче́ние самопроизво́льно — emit radiation spontaneouslyканализи́ровать излуче́ние — channel [contain, constrain, guide] radiationнепроница́емый для излуче́ния — radiopaque, radioopaqueослабля́ть излуче́ние — attenuate radiationпереводи́ть переда́тчик в режи́м излуче́ния — put a transmitter on the airпоглоща́ть излуче́ние — absorb radiationподверга́ть (возде́йствию) излуче́ния ( облучать) — expose to radiation, irradiateполяризова́ть излуче́ние — polarize radiationпроводи́ть испыта́ния радиоаппарату́ры без излуче́ния — carry out tests of a radio off the air [under closed-circuit conditions]прозра́чный для излуче́ния — radio(trans)lucent, transparent to radiation, radiation-transparentпроница́емый для излуче́ния см. прозрачный для излучениярассе́ивать излуче́ние — scatter radiationуси́ливать излуче́ние (напр. с помощью рефлектора) радио — reinforce radiation2. (вид излучения, включая вид модуляции используемый для радиосвязи) (type of) emissionизлуче́ние ти́па A0 ( немодулированное непрерывное излучение) — A0 emissionизлуче́ние ти́па A3 ( телефония) — A3 emissionизлуче́ние ти́па F1 ( телеграф) — F1 emission (frequency-shift keying)излуче́ние абсолю́тно чё́рного те́ла — black-body radiationактиви́рующее излуче́ние — activating radiationактини́чное излуче́ние — actinic radiationа́льфа-излуче́ние — alpha-radiationанизотро́пное излуче́ние — anisotropic emissionаннигиляцио́нное излуче́ние — annihilation radiationбезопа́сное излуче́ние — nonhazardous emissionбе́та-излуче́ние — beta-radiationбетатро́нное излуче́ние — betatron radiation, betatron emissionизлуче́ние Вави́лова—Черенко́ва — Cerenkov radiationви́димое излуче́ние — visible radiation, visible lightизлуче́ние внеземно́го происхожде́ния — extraterrestrial radiationвозбужда́ющее излуче́ние — exciting radiationизлуче́ние волн одно́й частоты́ — monofrequency radiationвосходя́щее излуче́ние — upwelling radiationвтори́чное излуче́ние — secondary radiationвы́нужденное излуче́ние — induced [stimulated] (emission of) radiationизлуче́ние высо́кой эне́ргии — high-energy radiationга́мма-излуче́ние — gamma-radiationдипо́льное излуче́ние — dipole radiationжё́сткое излуче́ние — hard radiationзапа́здывающее излуче́ние — delayed radiation, delayed emissionзахва́тное излуче́ние — capture radiationземно́е излуче́ние — terrestrial radiationизбира́тельное излуче́ние — selective radiationизотро́пное излуче́ние — isotropic radiation, isotropic emissionинтегра́льное излуче́ние — total radiationинтенси́вное излуче́ние — strong radiationинфракра́сное излуче́ние — infra-red radiationинфракра́сное, бли́жнее излуче́ние — near infra-red radiationинфракра́сное, далё́кое излуче́ние — far infra-red radiationионизи́рующее излуче́ние — ionizing radiationисходя́щее излуче́ние — emergent radiationквадрупо́льное излуче́ние — quadrupole radiationкогере́нтное излуче́ние — coherent radiation, coherent emissionкоротково́лновое излуче́ние — short-wave length radiationкорпускуля́рное излуче́ние — corpuscular [particle, particulate] radiation, corpuscular [particle, particulate] emissionкосми́ческое излуче́ние — cosmic radiationкраево́е излуче́ние ( антенны) — fringe radiationизлуче́ние ла́зера — laser radiation, laser emission, laser(-emitted) lightвыводи́ть излуче́ние ла́зера из резона́тора — couple the laser beam out of the cavityизлуче́ние ла́зера, многомо́довое — multimode laser radiationизлуче́ние ла́зера, одномо́довое — unimode laser radiationмагни́тно-тормозно́е излуче́ние — cyclotron radiationизлуче́ние ма́зера — maser radiation, maser emissionизлуче́ние ма́лой эне́ргии — low-energy radiationмгнове́нное излуче́ние — prompt radiation, prompt emissionмонои́мпульсное излуче́ние — giant-pulse radiationмонохромати́ческое излуче́ние — monochromatic radiationмоноэнергети́ческое излуче́ние — monochromatic radiationмультипо́льное излуче́ние — multipole radiationмя́гкое излуче́ние — soft radiationизлуче́ние нака́чки ( лазера) — pumping radiation, pumping lightнапра́вленное излуче́ние — directional radiationневи́димое излуче́ние — invisible radiationнекогере́нтное излуче́ние — noncoherent [incoherent] radiationнемонохромати́ческое излуче́ние — heterogeneous [polyenergetic, polychromatic] radiationненапра́вленное излуче́ние — omnidirectional radiationнепреры́вное излуче́ние — continuous radiation, continuous emissionизлуче́ние ни́зкой эне́ргии — low-energy radiationнисходя́щее излуче́ние — downwelling radiationобра́тное излуче́ние — backscatter radiation, back-fire, reradiationодночасто́тное излуче́ние — single-frequency [monofrequency] radiationопти́ческое излуче́ние — optical radiationосновно́е характеристи́ческое излуче́ние — characteristic X-ray spectrum, characteristic radiationизлуче́ние остано́вленного реа́ктора — residual radiationоста́точное излуче́ние — residual radiationотражё́нное излуче́ние — reflected [(back-)scattered ] radiationпа́дающее излуче́ние — incident radiationпарази́тное излуче́ние — stray [spurious] radiation, spurious emissionперви́чное излуче́ние — primary radiationизлуче́ние пла́змы — plasma radiationизлуче́ние пове́рхности — surface emittanceполихромати́ческое излуче́ние — polychromatic radiationпочти́ монохромати́ческое излуче́ние — near-monochromatic radiationпроника́ющее излуче́ние — penetrating radiationпроходя́щее излуче́ние — transmitted radiationпрямо́е излуче́ние — direct radiationпрямонапра́вленное излуче́ние — head-on radiationравнове́сное излуче́ние — thermal radiationрадиоакти́вное излуче́ние — radioactive radiationрадиотеплово́е излуче́ние — thermal radio radiationрадиочасто́тное излуче́ние — radio-frequency radiationрассе́янное излуче́ние — scattered radiationрезона́нсное излуче́ние — resonance radiationрекомбинацио́нное излуче́ние — recombination radiationрентге́новское излуче́ние — X-radiationрентге́новское, сме́шанное излуче́ние — white radiation, white X-raysсамопроизво́льное излуче́ние — spontaneous (emission of) radiationсветово́е излуче́ние — luminous radiationизлуче́ние СВЧ1. ( энергия) microwave radiation2. ( испускание) microwave emissionселекти́вное излуче́ние — selective radiationизлуче́ние се́рого те́ла — gray body radiationси́льное излуче́ние — strong radiationсильнопроника́ющее излуче́ние — highly penetrating radiationсинхротро́нное излуче́ние — synchrotron radiationслабопроника́ющее излуче́ние — low-penetrating radiationсме́шанное излуче́ние — mixed [complex] radiationсо́бственное излуче́ние — self-radiationсо́лнечное излуче́ние — solar radiationспектра́льное излуче́ние — spectral radiationспонта́нное излуче́ние — spontaneous (emission of) radiationстациона́рное излуче́ние — steady-state radiationсумма́рное излуче́ние — total [integrated] radiationтемперату́рное излуче́ние — thermal radiationтеплово́е излуче́ние — thermal radiationтормозно́е излуче́ние — bremsstrahlung, braking radiationтормозно́е, непреры́вное излуче́ние — bremsstrahlung continuumуда́рное излуче́ние — impact [collision] radiationультрафиоле́товое излуче́ние — ultra-violet radiationультрафиоле́товое, бли́жнее излуче́ние — near ultra-violet radiationультрафиоле́товое, далё́кое излуче́ние — far ultra-violet radiationизлуче́ние флюоресце́нции — fluorescent [fluorescence] radiationфо́новое излуче́ние — background radiationциклотро́нное излуче́ние — cyclotron radiationизлуче́ние чё́рного те́ла — black-body radiationэлектромагни́тное излуче́ние — electromagnetic radiationэлектромагни́тное излуче́ние распространя́ется в ви́де отде́льных по́рций эне́ргии — electromagnetic radiation occurs as a sequence of discrete energy packetsя́дерное излуче́ние — nuclear radiation -
59 если не считать
•Other than hydrogen, helium is the least dense element known.
•But for (or With the exception of, or Except for) a few substances, the state of the art has not advanced sufficiently to permit...
* * *Если не считать (замены)-- Other than replacing pumped oil delivery with the oil ring -- the equipment, instrumentation, and test procedure remained the same as for the metered starvation tests. Если не считать -- but for, except for, with the exception of, outside of, other than, aside fromThis behavior does not normally occur under impact loading except for low strength steels.There are no special working fluid restrictions other than the mutual compatability for the cycle application.The melting coefficients, aside from a slight scatter, can be regarded as lying on a parallel straight line.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > если не считать
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60 кроме того
•Tile is classified as load-bearing or non-load-bearing; tile with a specially finished surface is face tile. Again, tile may be glazed or unglazed.
•In addition (or Furthermore, or Besides, or What is more, or Moreover),control of acidity is important in process streams.
•There is in addition a friction drag.
•The inadequacy of the Lewis structure is further indicated by the fact that... Furthermore, on addition of more water the concervate passes again into the sol state.
* * *Кроме того -- further, furthermore; in addition; additionally; as well; and; again; over and beyond this; over and above this; yet; separately (в отдельно поставленных опытах и т.п.)Further, in bearing tests maximum tangential bending stresses were of the order of 280 to 340 MPa.Furthermore, the constant-velocity relationship will be maintained as long as the curves intersect.In addition, modifications to the fuel delivery system may be necessary in order to achieve full load.Additionally, it does not give useful attenuation of pressure fluctuations.As well, comparison to some of Ford's experiments was performed.They do not define the term organic glass. And, neither they nor most of the early authors quoted the contact angle of the liquid on the tubes they used.Again the problem of forward and backward transfer of polymer, deserves detailed investigation.Over and beyond this, we have long-range plans for additional modernization of our steel operations.Yet face seals are called upon to operate at a wide range of speeds, viscosities, sealed pressures, etc.Each fuel was separately blended with 0.05 percent (by weight) ferrocene smoke suppressant.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > кроме того
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