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spĕcĭēs

  • 1 species

    spĕcĭes, ēi ( gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero's time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.—At a later period were introduced:

    specierum,

    Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.:

    speciebus,

    App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. [specio].
    I.
    Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf.

    aspectus): speciem quo vortimus,

    Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9:

    si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere,

    id. 9, 4:

    qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98:

    qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt,

    id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—
    II.
    Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).
    A.
    Lit.:

    praeter speciem stultus,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49:

    quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago,

    Lucr. 4, 52; cf.:

    quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc.,

    outlines, contours, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

    esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

    hominis esse specie deos confitendum est,

    id. N. D. 1, 18, 48:

    edepol specie lepida mulier!

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2; cf.:

    bellan' videtur specie mulier?

    id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40; id. Most. 1, 3, 23; id. Mil. 4, 2, 10; 4, 6, 20:

    urbis speciem vidi,

    id. Pers. 4, 4, 2; so,

    species praeclara oppidi,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:

    sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

    navium,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:

    nova atque inusitata,

    id. ib. 2, 31:

    horribilis,

    id. ib. 7, 36:

    agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius,

    Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

    horum hominum species est honestissima,

    id. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

    ad speciem magnifico ornatu,

    as to outward appearance, id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58:

    populi,

    id. Rep. 3, 33, 45:

    nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7:

    turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens,

    Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

    fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.—
    2.
    Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance:

    ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 3:

    non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus,

    Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).—
    3.
    Trop., that which is seen by the mind, an idea, notion: hanc illi idean appellabant:

    nos recte speciem possumus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 30; cf. id. Top. 7, 30:

    insidebat in ejus mente species eloquentiae,

    id. Or. 5, 18:

    excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrabimus,

    id. ib. 14, 43:

    species, forma et notio viri boni,

    id. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.:

    prima sit haec forma et species et origo tyranni,

    id. Rep. 2, 29, 51:

    qui species alias veri scelerisque capiet,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 208:

    utinam non inanes species anxio animo figuraret,

    Curt. 7, 1, 36.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).
    a.
    In gen.:

    obiciuntur saepe formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt,

    Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81:

    ista securitas specie quidem blanda sed reapse, etc.,

    id. Lael. 13, 47:

    cujus rei species erat acceptio frumenti,

    Sall. J. 29, 4:

    fraudi imponere aliquam speciem juris,

    Liv. 9, 11:

    specie liberā... re verā, etc.,

    id. 35, 31; cf.:

    litteras inanis vanā specie libertatis adumbratas esse,

    id. 33, 31, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    plurimi ibi a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque excepti sunt,

    id. 7, 15, 7:

    si dux primam speciem adpropinquantis terroris sustinuisset,

    id. 44, 6, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    quae (nomina) primā specie admirationem, re explicatā risum movent,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:

    quaedam humanitatis habent primam speciem ut misericordia,

    id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

    similitudinem quandam speciemque sapientium gerere,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 16:

    si speciem utilitatis voluptas habere dicetur,

    id. ib. 3, 33, 120.— Hence,
    b.
    Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, under pretext of, under pretence of, etc.
    (α).
    With abl.:

    fortis viros specie quādam virtutis adsimulatae tenebat,

    Cic. Cael. 6, 14.—
    (β).
    With sub:

    sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum,

    Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.—
    (γ).
    With per:

    per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum,

    Liv. 9, 30, 8:

    per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc.,

    id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.—
    (δ).
    With in:

    si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit,

    Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.—Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence:

    haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio,

    Liv. 24, 1, 8:

    dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā,

    id. 3, 9, 13; so,

    ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.—
    2.
    Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.):

    inque chori ludunt speciem,

    Ov. M. 3, 685:

    in montis speciem curvari,

    id. ib. 15, 509; cf.:

    scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt,

    Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.—
    3.
    Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.:

    dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42:

    fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā,

    Cic. Pis. 11, 24:

    adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam,

    id. de Or. 2, 72, 294:

    speciem candoremque caeli,

    id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39:

    specie et motu capere homines,

    id. Brut. 62, 224:

    triumpho praebere speciem,

    Liv. 34, 52, 10:

    addere speciem,

    id. 37, 40; 9, 40:

    si fortunatum species et gratia praestat,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203:

    ducit te species,

    id. S. 2, 2, 35:

    speciem Saturnia vaccae probat,

    Ov. M. 1, 612:

    juvenis,

    Juv. 10, 310:

    corporis,

    Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.—
    C.
    Transf.
    1.
    Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. eidôgon).
    a.
    An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125:

    repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem,

    Ov. M. 9, 473:

    voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit,

    id. ib. 11, 677:

    in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc.,

    Liv. 8, 6:

    per nocturnas species,

    id. 26, 19; cf.:

    mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem,

    id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.—
    b.
    A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit... Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor... Sancta Jovis species... Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, [p. 1737] 12, 21.—
    2.
    Reputation, honor:

    o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant,

    Cic. Dom. 33, 89.—
    3.
    The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species:

    species pars est generis,

    App. Asclep. p. 78, 26:

    harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc.,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.:

    genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189:

    primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt... Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal,

    Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.—
    b.
    In later jurid. lang., a special case:

    proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc.,

    Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.—
    c.
    In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment);

    publicae,

    Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10:

    annonariae,

    ib. 11, 73, 3:

    vendenda sit species,

    i. e. wine, Pall. Oct. 14, 3.—Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > species

  • 2 speciēs

        speciēs —, acc. em, abl. ē, f    [SPEC-], a sight, look, view, appearance, aspect, mien: quae sensūs nostros specie primā acerrime commovent: doloris speciem ferre: navium, Cs.: hominum honestissima: ad speciem magnifico ornatu, as to outward appearance: speciem habere honesti, the look of what is right: turba maiorem quam pro numero speciem ferens, Cu.— A spectacle, sight, appearance: ponite ante oculos miseram illam speciem. —Fig., a mental appearance, idea, notion: insidebat in eius mente species eloquentiae: viri boni: Qui species alias veris scelerisque capiet, H.: inanīs species anxio animo figurare, Cu.— A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext: formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt: cuius rei species erat acceptio frumenti, S.: aliquam fraudi speciem iuris imponere, L.: similitudinem quandam gerebant speciemque sapientium: per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum, L.: haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio, as a pretence, L.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, Cs.— A resemblance, likeness ; only in the phrase, in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like: Inque chori ludunt speciem, O.: In montis speciem curvari, O.— Show, ornament, display, splendor, beauty: species eius (virtutis) et pulchritudo: praebere speciem triumpho, L.: Ducit te species, H.: speciem Saturnia vaccae probat, O.: corporis, Cu.— An appearance in sleep, vision, apparition: repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem, O.: in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc., L.— A likeness, image, statue: ex aere vetus, Enn. ap. C.— Reputation, honor: populi R.— A particular sort, kind, quality, species: (opp. genus).
    * * *
    sight, appearance, show; splendor, beauty; kind, type

    Latin-English dictionary > speciēs

  • 3 Fallaces sunt rerum species

    The appearances of things are deceptive. (Seneca)

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Fallaces sunt rerum species

  • 4 forma

    forma, ae, f. [Sanscr. dhar-, dhar-āmi, bear; dhar-i-man, figure; Gr. thra- in thrênus, thronos; cf. Lat. frētus, frēnum, fortis, etc.], form, in the most comprehensive sense of the word, contour, figure, shape, appearance (syn.: species, frons, facies, vultus; figura).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.: Ha. Earum nutrix, qua sit facie, mihi expedi. Mi. Statura haud magna, corpore aquilo. Ha. Ipsa ea'st. Mi. Specie venusta, ore parvo, atque oculis pernigris. Ha. Formam quidem hercle verbis depinxti mihi, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 154; cf.:

    quia semper eorum suppeditabatur facies et forma manebat,

    Lucr. 5, 1175:

    corporis nostri partes totaque figura et forma et statura, quam apta ad naturam sit, apparet,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60:

    si omnium animantium formam vincit hominis figura, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 18, 48:

    forma ac species liberalis,

    id. Cael. 3, 6; cf. id. N. D. 1, 14, 37; 1, 27, 76 sqq.; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129; id. N. D. 1, 10, 26: aspicite, o cives, senis Enni imagini' formam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34 (Epigr. 1 ed. Vahl.):

    hoc dico, non ab hominibus formae figuram venisse ad deos... Non ergo illorum humana forma, sed nostra divina dicenda est, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    formaï servare figuram,

    Lucr. 4, 69; cf.:

    Homeri picturam, non poesin videmus. Quae regio, quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114 (v. Moser ad h. l.):

    eximia forma pueri,

    id. ib. 5, 21, 61:

    virgines formā excellente,

    Liv. 1, 9, 11:

    formā praestante puellae,

    Ov. H. 3, 35:

    forma viros neglecta decet,

    id. A. A. 1, 509; cf.:

    ut excellentem muliebris formae pulchritudinem muta in sese imago contineret,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

    illa aetate venerabilis, haec formae pulchrituline,

    Curt. 3, 11, 24:

    virginem adultam, formā excellentem,

    Liv. 3, 44, 4:

    virginem maxime formā notam,

    id. 4, 9, 4:

    una et viginti formae litterarum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 93:

    solis,

    Lucr. 5, 571:

    muralium falcium,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 5:

    lanceae novae formae,

    Suet. Dom. 10:

    nova aedificiorum Urbis,

    id. Ner. 16:

    porticus,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5:

    forma et situs agri,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 4:

    eādem cerā aliae atque aliae formae duci solent,

    Quint. 10, 5, 9:

    geometricae formae,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17; cf. id. de Or. 1, 42, 187:

    cum sit geometria divisa in numeros atque formas,

    Quint. 1, 10, 35; cf.

    also: Archimedes intentus formis, quas in pulvere descripserat,

    Liv. 25, 31, 9:

    dimidia circuli,

    Plin. 2, 59, 60, § 150:

    clarissimorum virorum formae,

    figures, images, Cic. Mil. 32, 86:

    ille artifex, cum faceret Jovis formam aut Minervae, etc.,

    id. Or. 2, 9:

    igneae formae,

    i. e. fiery bodies, id. N. D. 2, 40, 101:

    inque tori formam molles sternentur arenae,

    in the shape, form, Ov. Am. 2, 11, 47:

    (sacellum) crudis laterculis ad formam camini,

    Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 63:

    ut haec mulier praeter formam nihil ad similitudinem hominis reservarit,

    Cic. Clu. 70, 199.—In poet. circumlocution with gen.: astra tenent caeleste solum formaeque deorum, the forms of gods, for gods, Ov. M. 1, 73:

    formae ferarum,

    id. ib. 2, 78:

    ursi ac formae magnorum luporum,

    Verg. A. 7, 18:

    formae ingentis leo,

    of great size, Just. 15, 4, 17; Tac. A. 4, 72.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Pregn., a fine form, beauty:

    di tibi formam, di tibi divitias dederant,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 6; cf.:

    et genus et formam regina pecunia donat,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 37:

    movit Ajacem forma captivae Tecmessae,

    id. C. 2, 4, 6; Quint. 2, 5, 12:

    neque, ut laudanda, quae pecuniam suam pluribus largitur, ita quae formam,

    id. 5, 11, 26; 5, 12, 17.—Prov.:

    forma bonum fragile est,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 113.—
    2.
    An outline, plan, design (of an architect, etc.):

    cum formam videro, quale aedificium futurum sit, scire possum,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1: domus erit egregia;

    magis enim cerni jam poterat, quam quantum ex forma judicabamus,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (2, 6, 2):

    qua ludum gladiatorium aedificaturus erat,

    Suet. Caes. 31.—
    3.
    A model after which any thing is made, a pattern, stamp, last (of a shoemaker), etc.:

    utendum plane sermone, ut numo, cui publica forma est,

    Quint. 1, 6, 3:

    denarius formae publicae,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 29; cf.: formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt, Tac. G. 5:

    formas binarias, ternarias et quaternarias, et denarias etiam resolvi praecepit neque in usu cujusquam versari,

    stamped money, coins, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 39; cf. Curt. 5, 2, 11:

    si scalpra et formas non sutor (emat),

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 106; cf.:

    forma calcei,

    Dig. 9, 2, 5, § 3.—
    4.
    A mould which gives form to something:

    (caseus) vel manu figuratur vel buxeis formis exprimitur,

    Col. 7, 8 fin.:

    formae in quibus aera funduntur,

    Plin. 36, 22, 49, § 168; hence, a frame, case, enclosure:

    opus tectorium propter excellentiam picturae ligneis formis inclusum,

    id. 35, 14, 49, § 173:

    formas rivorum perforare,

    i. e. the conduits, pipes, Front. Aquaed. 75:

    aquaeductus,

    Dig. 7, 1, 27.—Hence,
    b.
    Transf., the aqueduct itself, Front. Aquaed. 126.—
    5.
    A rescript, formulary (post-class., whereas the dimin. formula is predominant in this signif.):

    ex eorum (amicorum) sententia formas composuit,

    Capitol. Anton. 6; so Cod. Just. 1, 2, 20.—
    6.
    Item forma appellatur puls miliacea ex melle, Paul. ex Fest. p. 83 Müll.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., shape, form, nature, manner, kind:

    ad me quasi formam communium temporum et totius rei publicae misisti expressam,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 4; cf.:

    formam quidem ipsam et tamquam faciem honesti vides,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

    innumerabiles quasi formae figuraeque dicendi,

    id. Or. 3, 9, 34:

    cum, quae forma et quasi naturalis nota cujusque sit, describitur, ut, si quaeratur avari species, seditiosi, gloriosi,

    id. de Or. 3, 29, 115; cf.:

    quae sit in ea species et forma et notio viri boni,

    id. Off. 3, 20, 81:

    forma ingenii,

    id. Brut. 85, 294:

    rei publicae,

    id. Fam. 2, 8, 1; cf.:

    exemplar formaque rei publicae,

    id. Rep. 2, 11:

    forma et species et origo tyranni,

    id. ib. 2, 29:

    forma rerum publicarum,

    id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. Rep. 1, 34 fin.:

    officii,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    propositi,

    Vell. 1, 16:

    sollicitudinum,

    Tac. A. 4, 60:

    formam vitae inire,

    id. ib. 1, 74:

    secundum vulgarem formam juris,

    Dig. 30, 1, 111:

    scelerum formae,

    Verg. A. 6, 626:

    poenae,

    id. ib. 615.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In philos. lang., like species, a sort, kind: nolim, ne si Latine quidem dici possit, specierum et speciebus dicere; et saepe his casibus utendum est: at formis et formarum velim... Genus et formam definiunt hoc modo: genus est notio ad plures differentias pertinens;

    forma est notio, cujus differentia ad caput generis et quasi fontem referri potest. Formae igitur sunt hae, in quas genus sine ullius praetermissione dividitur, ut si quis jus in legem, morem, aequitatem dividat, etc.,

    Cic. Top. 7, 31; cf.:

    genus et species, quam eandem formam Cicero vocat,

    Quint. 5, 10, 62: a forma generis, quam interdum, quo planius accipiatur, partem licet nominare, hoc modo, etc.... Genus enim est uxor;

    ejus duae formae: una matrumfamilias, altera earum, quae tantummodo uxores habentur,

    Cic. Top. 4, 14:

    quod haec (partitio) sit totius in partes, illa (divisio) generis in formas,

    Quint. 5, 10, 63:

    duae formae matrimoniorum,

    id. 5, 10, 62.—
    2.
    In gram.
    a.
    The grammatical quality, condition of a word:

    in quo animadvertito, natura quadruplicem esse formam, ad quam in declinando accommodari debeant verba, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 37 sq.; 101 sq. Müll.; Quint. 10, 1, 10.—
    b.
    The grammatical form of a word:

    utrum in secunda forma verbum temporale habeat in extrema syllaba AS an IS, ad discernendas dissimilitudines interest,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 109 Müll.:

    aeditimus ea forma dictum, qua finitimus,

    Gell. 12, 10, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > forma

  • 5 figura

    fĭgūra, ae, f. [v. fingo], a form, shape, figure (syn.: forma, species; tropus).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    corporis nostri partes totaque figura et forma et statura quam apta ad naturam sit, apparet,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35; cf.:

    hominum, vel etiam ceterarum animantium forma et figura,

    id. de Or. 3, 45, 179; and:

    quae figura, quae species humanā potest esse pulchrior?... Quod si omnium animantium formam vincit hominis figura, deus autem animans est: ea figura profecto est, quae pulcherrima sit omnium, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 18, 47 sq.;

    with this cf.: esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63; Liv. 29, 17, 11:

    uri sunt specie et colore et figura tauri,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 1:

    gemina tauri juvenisque,

    the Minotaur, Ov. M. 8, 169:

    Himera in muliebrem figuram habitumque formata,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87; cf.:

    figura et lineamenta hospitae,

    id. ib. 36, §

    89: conformatio quaedam et figura totius oris et corporis,

    id. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

    pulmonum vis et figura,

    id. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

    formae figura,

    id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    formaï servare figuram,

    Lucr. 4, 69:

    navium figura (shortly before: navium species),

    Caes. B. G. 4, 25, 2:

    lapidis,

    Ov. M. 3, 399:

    dohorum,

    Plin. 2, 25, 22, § 90: lenticulae dimidiae, id. 27, 12, 98, § 124:

    quadriangula grani,

    id. 13, 22, 38, § 118:

    triquetra,

    id. 3, 16, 20, § 121:

    rotunditatis aut proceritatis,

    id. 13, 4, 9, § 49 et saep.—
    2.
    Concr., a sketch, figure, drawing (lat. Lat.): figurae quae schêmata vocant, Gell. 1, 20, 1; 2, 21, 10: kubos est figura ex omni latere quadrata, id. 1, 20, 4.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In the lang. of the Epicurean philosophy applied to the atoms or molecular parts of bodies:

    caelestem fulminis ignem Subtilem magis e parvis constare figuris,

    Lucr. 2, 385; 2, 682 sq.; 778; 3, 190 al.; cf.:

    illas figuras Epicuri, quas e summis corporibus dicit effluere,

    Quint. 10, 2, 15 Spald.—
    2.
    Poet., a form, shade, phantom of the dead:

    in somnis, cum saepe figuras Contuimur miras simulacraque luce carentum,

    Lucr. 4, 34:

    morte obita quales fama est volitare figuras,

    Verg. A. 10, 641:

    CVM VITA FVNCTVS IVNGAR TIS (i. e. tuis) VMBRA FIGVRIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 4847.—
    II.
    Trop., quality, kind, form, species, nature, manner.
    A.
    In gen.:

    de figura vocis satis dictum est,

    Auct. Her. 3, 15, 25:

    majus et minus et aeque magnum ex vi et ex numero et ex figura negotii consideratur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41:

    figura orationis plenioris et tenuioris,

    id. de Or. 3, 55, 212; cf.:

    suam quandam expressit quasi formam figuramque dicendi,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 98:

    occurrunt animo pereundi mille figurae,

    kinds, Ov. H. 10, 81:

    edidit innumeras species, partimque figuras rettulit antiquas, etc.,

    id. M. 1, 436; cf.:

    capiendi figurae (for which, shortly after: species capiendi),

    Dig. 39, 6, 31:

    condicionis,

    ib. 35, 2, 30. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Gram. t. t., form of a word, inflection:

    alia nomina, quod quinque habent figuras, habere quinque casus,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 52; cf.:

    non debuisse ex singulis vocibus ternas vocabulorum figuras fieri, ut albus, alba, album,

    id. ib. 9, §

    55: quaedam (verba) tertiae demum personae figura dicuntur, ut licet, piget,

    Quint. 1, 4, 29; 8, 2, 15 Spald.—
    2.
    Rhet. t. t., a figure of speech, schêma, Cic. de Or. 3, 53 sq.; id. Or. 39 sq.; Quint. 9, 1 sq. et saep.—
    b.
    Esp., one which contains hints or allusions, Suet. Vesp. 13; id. Dom. 10; cf. Quint. 9, 2, 82.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > figura

  • 6 contineo

    con-tĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. and n. [teneo].
    I.
    Act., to hold or keep together.
    A.
    In gen. (rare).
    1.
    Lit. (syn.:

    coërceo, conjungo): contine quaeso caput,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 26:

    quod omnem continet amplexu terram,

    Lucr. 5, 319; cf.:

    mundus omnia conplexu suo coërcet et continet,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 58:

    vitem levi nodo,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 187:

    magni refert primordia saepe cum quibus... contineantur,

    Lucr. 1, 818; 1, 908; 2, 761;

    2, 1008: pars oppidi, mari dijuncta angusto, ponte adjungitur et continetur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117.—
    b.
    Of places, to bound, limit, enclose (very rare in act.):

    reliquum spatium mons continet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 38:

    Oceanus ponto qua continet orbem,

    Tib. 4, 1, 147; but more freq. in pass., to be comprised, enclosed, surrounded, encompassed, environed by:

    qui vicus altissimis montibus undique continetur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1; so,

    undique loci naturā Helvetii,

    id. ib. 1, 2:

    mare montibus angustis,

    id. ib. 4, 23:

    una pars Galliae Garumnā flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum,

    id. ib. 1, 1.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    omnes artes quasi cognatione quādam inter se continentur,

    hang together, Cic. Arch. 1, 2.—Far more freq. in all periods and species of composition.,
    B.
    With partic. access. ideas.
    1.
    With the access. idea of firmness, quiet, permanence, etc., to hold or keep together, to keep, hold fast, preserve, retain (syn. servo).
    a.
    Lit.:

    (alvus) arcet et continet... quod recepit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136:

    merces (opp. partiri),

    id. Vatin. 5, 12; cf.

    exercitum (opp. dividere),

    Liv. 28, 2, 16:

    arida continent odorem diutius,

    Plin. 21, 7, 18, § 39.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    nec ulla res vehementius rem publicam continet quam fides,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

    Remos reliquosque Belgas in officio,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 11:

    in officio Dumnorigem,

    id. ib. 5, 7:

    te in exercitatione,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 19 fin.:

    te in tuis perenuibus studiis,

    id. Brut. 97, 332:

    ceteros in armis (plaga),

    Liv. 9, 41, 15:

    alicujus hospitio,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the access. idea of hindering, preventing motion, to keep, keep still, detain, restrain, repress, enclose.
    a.
    Lit.: milites [p. 449] sub pellibus, Caes. B. G. 3, 29; cf.:

    pecudem sub tecto,

    Col. 7, 10, 3:

    exercitum castris,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 11; Liv. 31, 26, 6; 28, 9, 14 al.; cf.:

    nostros in castris (tempestates),

    Caes. B. G. 4, 34; 6, 36; and:

    copias in castris,

    id. B. C. 1, 66; 3, 30; Auct. B. Afr. 1; 7; Liv. 36, 17, 9:

    Pompeium quam angustissime,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 45:

    aliquem limine,

    Liv. 34, 1, 5:

    ora frenis,

    Phaedr. 3, 6, 7:

    ventos carcere,

    Ov. M. 11, 432:

    animam in dicendo,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261 et saep.:

    se ruri,

    to stay, remain, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 17; cf.:

    se domi,

    Suet. Caes. 81:

    suo se loco,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 34:

    oppido sese,

    id. ib. 2, 30:

    castris se continere,

    id. B. C. 3, 37:

    se vallo,

    id. B. G. 5, 44:

    se finibus Romanis,

    Liv. 39, 17, 4; 34, 58, 3:

    moenibus sese,

    id. 42, 7, 4:

    agrorum suorum terminis se,

    id. 38, 40, 2:

    se moenibus,

    Ov. M. 13, 208:

    sese intra silvas,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 18:

    suos intra munitionem,

    id. ib. 5, 57;

    5, 58: milites intra castrorum vallum,

    id. B. C. 3, 76; Liv. 31, 34, 9;

    Auct. B. Afr. 24: intra castra militem,

    Tac. H. 4, 19:

    praesidibus provinciarum propagavit imperium, ut a peritis et assuetis socii continerentur,

    Suet. Aug. 23 et saep.:

    an te auspicium commoratum est? an tempestas continet?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 67.—
    b.
    Trop., to hold back, detain, repress, hold in check, curb, check, stay, stop, tame, subdue, etc. (syn. cohibeo):

    adpetitiones animi,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 22:

    omnis cupiditates,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32:

    modeste insolentiam suam,

    id. Agr. 1, 6, 18:

    risum,

    id. Fin. 4, 25, 71 et saep.:

    formido mortales omnes,

    Lucr. 1, 151:

    Etruriam non tam armis quam judiciorum terrore,

    Liv. 29, 36, 10:

    oppida magis metu quam fide,

    id. 30, 20, 5; cf.:

    quosdam continet metus,

    Quint. 1, 3, 6:

    solo metu,

    id. 12, 7, 2 et saep.:

    animum a consuetā libidine,

    Sall. J. 15, 3:

    temeritatem ab omni lapsu (with cohibere),

    Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 45:

    suos a proelio,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

    manum juventus Metu deorum,

    Hor. C. 1, 35, 37 al.:

    se ab adsentiendo,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 104; so,

    se ab exemplis,

    id. Fin. 2, 19, 62:

    temperans, qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit,

    id. Par. 3, 1, 21:

    se male continet amens,

    Ov. M. 4, 351:

    male me, quin vera faterer, Continui,

    id. ib. 7, 729:

    nequeo continere quin loquar,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 28.—

    Mid.: contineri, quin complectar, non queo,

    restrain myself, refrain, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 128; cf.:

    vix me contineo, quin, etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 20:

    jam nequeo contineri,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf.:

    vix contineor,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 9:

    quae vera audivi, taceo et contineo optime,

    keep it to myself, conceal it, id. Eun. 1, 2, 23:

    ea quae continet, neque adhuc protulit, explicet nobis,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 206:

    dicta,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 222.—
    3.
    With the access. idea of containing, to comprise, contain, involve, comprehend something in itself (syn. complector):

    (aqua gelum) quod continet in se, mittit,

    Lucr. 6, 877; cf.:

    ut omnia, quae aluntur et crescunt, contineant in se vim caloris,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23; so,

    in se,

    Quint. 1, 6, 31; 2, 10, 2:

    Quattuor aeternus genitalia corpora mundus Continet,

    Ov. M. 15, 240:

    rem militarem,

    Liv. 5, 52, 16:

    panis innumeras paene continet medicinas,

    Plin. 22, 25, 68, § 138:

    (linea) centum continet (pedes),

    Quint. 1, 10, 44:

    Idus Martiae magnum mendum continent,

    Cic. Att. 14, 22, 2:

    paucas species (vox),

    Quint. 11, 3, 18:

    tales res, quales hic liber continet,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 1:

    narrationes, quae summam criminis contineant,

    Quint. 4, 2, 10:

    fabula stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

    liber primus ea continebit, quae, etc., Quint. prooem. § 21: tertia epistula continebat, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 28, 5.—With subj.-clause:

    quando ipsos loqui deceat, quartus liber continet,

    Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Esp. freq.,
    b.
    In pass.: contineri aliquā re, to be contained in something, be composed of, consist of or in, to rest upon, to be supported by, etc.:

    terreno corpore,

    Lucr. 1, 1085:

    non venis et nervis et ossibus continentur (dii),

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

    artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis penitusque perspectis... rebus contineretur,

    id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

    forma honestatis, quae tota quattuor his virtutibus... continetur,

    id. Fin. 2, 15, 48:

    versus paucis (pedibus) continetur,

    Quint. 9, 4, 60: quae philosophorum libris continentur, id. prooem. § 11; cf. id. 5, 10, 111 et saep.: artes, quae conjecturā continentur et sunt opinabiles, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

    foedere,

    Liv. 41, 23, 9:

    actu,

    Quint. 2, 18, 5; 12, 9, 1; 3, 7, 28.—Rarely with in and abl.:

    forum, in quo omnis aequitas continetur,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2; cf.:

    quibus (legibus) in singulis civitatibus res publica continetur,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23.—
    II.
    Neutr., to hold together in itself, to hang together (in the verb. finit. very rare; but freq. as P. a.; cf. also the deriv. continuus):

    per hortum utroque commeatus continet,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 43.—Hence,
    1.
    contĭnens, entis, P. a.
    A.
    (Acc. to II.) Holding or hanging together (freq. and class.).
    1.
    Bordering upon, neighboring, contiguous, lying near, adjacent (syn.: junctus, adjunctus, contiguus); constr. with dat., cum, or absol.
    a.
    Prop.:

    aër mari,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 117:

    continentia atque adjuncta praedia huic fundo,

    id. Caecin. 4, 11:

    (mare) dissimile est proximo ei continenti,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 105 al.:

    Cappadociae pars ea, quae cum Cilicià continens est,

    id. Fam. 15, 2, 2:

    (Morini) continentes silvas ac paludes habebant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28; cf. so absol.:

    parum locuples continente ripā,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 22; cf.:

    pars eorum, qui propiores erant continenti litori,

    Liv. 44, 28, 12.— Subst.: contĭnentĭa, ĭum, n. (sc. loca), adjoining places, the neighborhood:

    Cherronesum et continentia usque Atho montem,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 215 al.:

    urbis,

    the suburbs, Dig. 50, 16, 147.—
    b.
    Trop., in time, following, next:

    continentibus diebus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 84;

    and of other abstract things: motus sensui junctus et continens,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 11, 26:

    timori perpetuo ipsum malum continens fuit,

    followed at its heels, Liv. 5, 39, 8.—
    2.
    Holding together, cohering in itself, connected, continuous, uninterrupted.
    a.
    Prop.:

    continens agmen migrantium,

    Liv. 1, 29, 4:

    agmen,

    id. 2, 50, 7; 8, 8, 13 al.:

    ruinae,

    id. 21, 8, 5; terra, the mainland, continent, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.; Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 274, 6; Nep. Them. 3, 2; and in the same sense far more freq. subst.: contĭnens, entis, f. (rarely masc., Curt. 4, 2, 1 Zumpt, dub.; abl. in e and i equally used;

    v. the 4th and 5th books of Caes. B. G.),

    Caes. B. G. 4, 27; 4, 28; 4, 31; 4, 36 bis et saep.; Nep. Milt. 7, 3; Liv. 35, 43, 4; Plin. 5, 31, 34, § 128; Suet Aug. 65; id. Tib. 40 et saep.—
    b.
    Trop., in time, continual, consecutive, uninterrupted:

    labor omnium dierum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 63; Liv. 42, 54, 3:

    bella,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    imperium usque ad nos,

    Liv. 7, 30, 8:

    imber per noctem totam,

    id. 23, 44, 6:

    biduo,

    Suet. Calig. 19:

    febres sine intermissione,

    Cels. 3, 5 fin.:

    e continenti genere,

    in continuous descent, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61:

    spiritus,

    id. de Or. 3, 57, 216 et saep.: ex continenti (sc. tempore), instantly, immediately, = continuo, statim, Just. 1, 9; so,

    in continenti,

    Dig. 44, 5, 1.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B. 2. b.) That restrains his passions, continent, moderate, temperate, enkratês (rare, but in good prose):

    continentior in vitā hominum quam in pecuniā,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 23:

    cum reges tam sint continentes, multo magis consularis esse oportere,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 19, 1:

    puer,

    id. Att. 6, 6, 3:

    Epaminondas,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 2 al. — Sup., Cic. Par. 1, 1, 7; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    C.
    (Acc. to I. B. 3.) In rhet., subst.: contĭnens, entis, n., that on which something rests or depends, the chief point, hinge:

    causae,

    Cic. Part. Or. 29, 103; id. Top. 25, 95:

    intuendum videtur, quid sit quaestio, ratio, judicatio, continens, vel ut alii vocant, firmamentum,

    Quint. 3, 11, 1; cf. id. ib. § 18 sqq.— Adv.: contĭnen-ter.
    1.
    (Acc. to A. 2.)
    a.
    In space, in unbroken succession, in a row. continenter sedetis, Cat. 37, 6.—More freq. and class.,
    b.
    In time, continuously, without interruption:

    totā nocte ierunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

    jam amplius horis sex pugnaretur,

    id. ib. 3, 5:

    biduum lapidibus pluit,

    Liv. 25, 7, 7:

    usque ad ipsum negotium,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 37:

    ferri imagines,

    id. N. D. 1, 39, 109.—
    2.
    (Acc. to B.) Temperately, moderately (rare):

    vivere,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 106; in sup.:

    vivere,

    Aug. Ep. 199; id. Conf. 6, 12.—Hence also,
    2.
    contentus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 2. b.); medial., satisfying one's self with, contented, satisfied, content (freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. in gen. with the abl.; more rarely absol.; after the Aug. per. very freq. with the inf.
    (α).
    With abl.: his versibus, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 264, 3:

    suis rebus,

    Cic. Par. 6, 3, 51:

    paucis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 16:

    illā (sorte),

    id. ib. 1, 1, 3:

    viverem uti contentus eo quod mī ipse parasset,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 108; cf. Suet. Aug. 82:

    solā Dianā,

    Verg. A. 11, 582.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    cum ipsum audires sine comparatione, non modo contentus esses, sed melius non quaereres,

    Cic. Brut. 35, 134; so comp., Plaut. Poen. 2, 15.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    indagare,

    Ov. M. 1, 461:

    edidicisse,

    id. ib. 2, 638:

    retinere titulum provinciae,

    Vell. 2, 49:

    hostes sustinuisse,

    id. 2, 112:

    indicare,

    Quint. 4, 2, 128:

    ostendere,

    id. 5, 10, 31:

    id consequi, quod imiteris,

    id. 10, 2, 7 et saep.— Adv.: contentē (ante-and post-class., and rare), in a restrained manner, closely:

    arte contenteque habere aliquem,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63:

    parce contenteque vivere,

    Pacat. Pan. Theod. 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contineo

  • 7 generalis

    gĕnĕrālis, e, adj. [genus].
    I.
    Of or belonging to a kind or species, generic (very rare): variae volucres ut in ordine cunctae Ostendant maculas generales corpore inesse, etc., of their species, Lucr. 1, 590:

    cum qualis sit res, quaeritur, quia et de vi et de genere negotii controversia est, constitutio generalis vocatur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 8, 10. —
    II.
    Of or relating to all, general (opp. singuli and specialis; cf. universalis;

    freq. only since the Aug. per.): et generale quoddam decorum intelligimus, quod in omni honestate versatur, et aliud huic subjectum, quod pertinet ad singulas partes honestatis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 96:

    causae, opp. singulae lites,

    Quint. 7, 1, 64; Sen. Ep. 58 med.:

    cum sit omnis generalis quaestio speciali potentior,

    Quint. 12, 2, 18; cf.:

    illud generale, hoc speciale,

    id. 5, 10, 44:

    tractatus, opp. specialis,

    id. 5, 7, 35; cf.:

    ab generali tractatu ad quasdam deduci species,

    id. 2, 4, 22:

    de re et generales quaestiones sunt et definitae,

    id. 7, 2, 1:

    definitio,

    Dig. 28, 5, 4:

    pactum,

    ib. 2, 14, 40: lex est generale jussum populi aut plebis, rogante magistratu, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 2.—Hence, adv.: gĕnĕrālĭter (acc. to II.), in general, generally (mostly post-Aug.; cf.:

    generatim, communiter): tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

    quaedam adnotasse, sed generaliter (opp. particulas etiam persequi),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 3:

    tempus generaliter et specialiter accipitur, etc.,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42 sq.;

    so opp. specialiter,

    id. 5, 7, 4; 5, 11, 1;

    opp. proprie,

    id. 3, 7, 7:

    legare,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 238:

    stipulari,

    id. ib. 4, 53:

    universi,

    Vulg. Jer. 25, 20.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > generalis

  • 8 thelygonon

    thēlygŏnon, i, n., = thêlugonon (producing females).
    I.
    A species of the plant phyllum, Plin. 26, 15, 91, § 162.—
    II.
    A species of the Satyrion, Plin. 26, 10, 63, § 99.—
    III.
    A species of the crataeogonos, Plin. 27, 8, 40, § 62.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > thelygonon

  • 9 genus

        genus eris, n    [GEN-], a race, stock, family, birth, descent, origin: haec Indigna genere nostro, T.: nobili genere nati: amplissimo genere natus, Cs.: generis socia, sister, O.: genere primus: patricium, L.: genus unde Atii duxere, V.: fortuna non mutat genus, H.: plebei generis, L.— Adverb. acc.: Qui genus (estis)? Of what race? V.— Birth, noble birth, high descent: propter genus rem p. tenere: Et genus et virtus, nisi cum re, vilior algā est, H.: iactare genus, H.: Cui genus et nomen fuissent, V.: generis praemium, L.— A race, line, descendants, posterity: liberorum ex te, Enn. ap. C.: Tantali, H.: neglectum, i. e. the Romans, H.— A descendant, child, son, offspring: deorum, V.: audex Iapeti, Prometheus, H.: ab alto Demissum Aeneā, i. e. Octavianus, H.— A race, stock, class, sort, species, genus, kind, rank, order, division: humanum: hominum, S.: omnes mortales omnium generum: inter id genus, plebeians, L.: Romanum: Macedonum, L.: qui (conventus) ex variis generibus constaret, Cs.: iudicum genus et forma: inritabile vatum, H.: hominum virile, sex: Femineum, sex, V.: <*>onsulare, rank: militare, order, L.: eorum hominum... genera sunt duo, Cs.—Of animals, a kind, class, sort, species: altivolantum, birds, Enn. ap. C.: piscium, H.: malefici generis animalia, S.: Diversum confusa genus panthera camelo, H.: varia genera bestiarum.— Of things, a kind, sort, description, class, order, character, division: omnia in suo quaeque genere: naves omni genere armorum ornatissimae, Cs.: cibi, Cs.: omne commeatūs, L.: triplex rerum p.: dulce orationis: dicendi: praeda omnis generis, L.: poenae novom, S.: leti, O.: Aesopi, manner, Ph.: genera civitatum: machinae omnium generum, S.: nugae Hoc genus (i. e. huius generis), H.: aliquid id genus scribere: quod genus virtus est: te cottidie in omni genere desiderem, in every way: domus in omni genere diligens: in aliquo genere, in any respect whatever.—In philosophy, a general term, logical genus: formae dicendi specie dispares, genere laudabiles.
    * * *
    birth/descent/origin; race/family/house/stock/ancestry; offspring/descent; noble birth; kind/sort/variety; class/rank; mode/method/style/fashion/way

    Latin-English dictionary > genus

  • 10 catta

    edible species of bird; unknown species of animal (L+S)

    Latin-English dictionary > catta

  • 11 coris

    I
    coridos/is N F
    plant; (species of hypericon); its seed
    II
    plant; (species of hypericon); its seed

    Latin-English dictionary > coris

  • 12 panaces

    I
    plant, supposed to heal all diseases; panacea, heal-all; (species of Opoponax)
    II
    plant, supposed to heal all diseases; panacea, heal-all; (species of Opoponax)

    Latin-English dictionary > panaces

  • 13 apium

    ăpĭum, ii, n. [apis], parsley, esp. liked by bees;

    an umbelliferous plant of several species (mountain-parsley, celery, etc.),

    Plin. 19, 8, 37, § 123 sq. The leaves of one species (water-parsley, our celery, the Apium graveolens, Linn.), were often used by the ancients for garlands, on account of their strong fragrance, Verg. E. 6, 68 Voss., esp. in drinking-bouts:

    vivax,

    that long remains green, Hor. C. 1, 36, 16; so id. ib. 2, 7, 24; 4, 11, 3 (cf. Theoc. 3, 23);

    and, among the Greeks, given as a prize to the victors in the Isthmian and Nemean games,

    Juv. 8, 226; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 46, § 158; Juv. 8, 226; Hyg. Fab. 74.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > apium

  • 14 Augustus

    1.
    augustus, a, um, adj. [from augeo, as angustus from ango; v. augeo], originally belonging to the language of religion, majestic, august, venerable, worthy of honor (class. in prose and poetry; in Cic. mostly in connection with sanctus; never in Plaut., Ter., Lucr, or Hor.;

    syn.: magnus, venerabilis, venerandus): sancta vocant augusta patres: augusta vocantur Templa, sacerdotum rite dicata manu,

    Ov. F. 1, 609 sq.: Panta gar ta entimotaga kai ta hierôtata Augousta prosagoreuetai, Dio Cass. 53, 16: augurium, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 494 Vahl.): Cives ominibus faustis augustam adhibeant Faventiam, Att. ap. Non. p. 206, 1, and p. 357, 15 (Trag. Rel. p. 202 Rib.):

    Eleusis sancta illa et augusta,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

    sanctus augustusque fons,

    id. Tusc. 5, 12, 37:

    Liber, qui augusta haec loca Cithaeronis colis, auct. inc., Trag. Rel. p. 268 Rib.: locus augustus,

    Suet. Dom. 53:

    templum,

    Liv. 1, 29, 5; 42, 3, 6:

    augustissimo et celeberrimo in templo,

    id. 42, 12, 6:

    fanum,

    id. 38, 13, 1:

    solum,

    id. 45, 5, 3:

    moenia,

    Verg. A. 7, 153 (augurio consecrata, Serv.); so,

    gravitas (caelestium),

    Ov. M. 6, 73; 9, 270:

    mens,

    id. ib. 15, 145 et saep.— Transf. to other things (so most freq. after the Aug. per.):

    tectum augustum, ingens,

    Verg. A. 7, 170.—Of bees:

    sedes,

    Verg. G. 4, 228 (augustum: abusive, nobile, quasi majestatis plenum, Serv.): ut primordia urbium augustiora faciat, Liv. praef § 5: habitus formaque viri, id 1, 7, 9; so,

    species,

    id. 8, 6, 9:

    conspectus,

    id. 8, 9, 10:

    ornatus habitusque,

    id. 5, 41, 8:

    augustissima vestis,

    id. 5, 41, 2:

    augustior currus,

    Plin. Pan. 92, 5:

    augustissimum tribunal,

    id. ib. 60, 2 al.— Adv.: augustē, reverently, sacredly:

    auguste sancteque consecrare,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62 auguste sancteque venerari, id. ib. 3, 21, 53.— Comp non quo de religione dici posset augustius, Cic. Brut. 21, 83.— Sup. prob. not in use
    2.
    Augustus, i, m. [1 augustus].
    I.
    A surname of Octavius Cœsar after he attained to undivided authority (acc. to Ov F 1, 590, after the year of Rome 727, Id. Jan.), and, after him, of all the Roman emperors; equivalent to Majesty or Imperial Majesty (cf. Suet. Aug. 7; Flor 4, 12 fin., Dio Cass. 53, 16: ex houper kai Sebaston auton kai hellênizontes pôs ôsper tina septon apo tou sebazesthai proseipon), Hor C, 1, 12; 4, 5; 4, 14; 4, 15; id. Ep. 2, 1 al.; Ov M 15, 860; id. F. 1, 590; 4, 676; 5, 567, Vulg. Luc. 2, 1; ib. Act. 25, 21; 25, 25 et saep.; later: semper Augustus, Symm Ep. 2, 30 al.— Hence,
    II.
    Adj.: Augustus, a, um, of or relating to Augustus or the emperor, Augustan, imperial caput, i. e. Augustus, Ov. M. 15, 869:

    aures,

    id. P 1, 2, 117 forum, id. ib. 4, 5, 10:

    postes, id M 1, 562: domus,

    id. P. 2, 2, 76: Principis augustā Caprearum in rupe sedentis, Juv 10, 93 Jahn (where Hermann reads angusta) pax, Ov. P. 2, 5, 18;

    Vell 2, 126: cohors,

    Vulg. Act. 27, 1 et saep.:

    marmor (in Egypt),

    Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 55 (cf Isid. Orig. 16, 5, 4;

    Au gusteum): laurus, also called regia, the best species of it,

    Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 129, 17, 10, 11, § 60: flcus, Macr S. 2, 16.—But esp Men. sis Augustus, the month of August, named after Augustus; earlier called Sextilis (cf Macr. S. 1, 12 fin., and Julius fin.), Juv 3, 9:

    Katendae,

    Col. 11, 12; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123 al.:

    Idus,

    Mart. 12, 68 et saep.—Augusta aula, i. e. Domitiani, Mart. 7, 40 historia, the history of the Roman emperors, Vop Tac. 10.—In gen., imperial, royal. ma. trem regis ex augusto deposuit imperio, * Vulg. 2 Par. 15, 16

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Augustus

  • 15 augustus

    1.
    augustus, a, um, adj. [from augeo, as angustus from ango; v. augeo], originally belonging to the language of religion, majestic, august, venerable, worthy of honor (class. in prose and poetry; in Cic. mostly in connection with sanctus; never in Plaut., Ter., Lucr, or Hor.;

    syn.: magnus, venerabilis, venerandus): sancta vocant augusta patres: augusta vocantur Templa, sacerdotum rite dicata manu,

    Ov. F. 1, 609 sq.: Panta gar ta entimotaga kai ta hierôtata Augousta prosagoreuetai, Dio Cass. 53, 16: augurium, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 494 Vahl.): Cives ominibus faustis augustam adhibeant Faventiam, Att. ap. Non. p. 206, 1, and p. 357, 15 (Trag. Rel. p. 202 Rib.):

    Eleusis sancta illa et augusta,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

    sanctus augustusque fons,

    id. Tusc. 5, 12, 37:

    Liber, qui augusta haec loca Cithaeronis colis, auct. inc., Trag. Rel. p. 268 Rib.: locus augustus,

    Suet. Dom. 53:

    templum,

    Liv. 1, 29, 5; 42, 3, 6:

    augustissimo et celeberrimo in templo,

    id. 42, 12, 6:

    fanum,

    id. 38, 13, 1:

    solum,

    id. 45, 5, 3:

    moenia,

    Verg. A. 7, 153 (augurio consecrata, Serv.); so,

    gravitas (caelestium),

    Ov. M. 6, 73; 9, 270:

    mens,

    id. ib. 15, 145 et saep.— Transf. to other things (so most freq. after the Aug. per.):

    tectum augustum, ingens,

    Verg. A. 7, 170.—Of bees:

    sedes,

    Verg. G. 4, 228 (augustum: abusive, nobile, quasi majestatis plenum, Serv.): ut primordia urbium augustiora faciat, Liv. praef § 5: habitus formaque viri, id 1, 7, 9; so,

    species,

    id. 8, 6, 9:

    conspectus,

    id. 8, 9, 10:

    ornatus habitusque,

    id. 5, 41, 8:

    augustissima vestis,

    id. 5, 41, 2:

    augustior currus,

    Plin. Pan. 92, 5:

    augustissimum tribunal,

    id. ib. 60, 2 al.— Adv.: augustē, reverently, sacredly:

    auguste sancteque consecrare,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62 auguste sancteque venerari, id. ib. 3, 21, 53.— Comp non quo de religione dici posset augustius, Cic. Brut. 21, 83.— Sup. prob. not in use
    2.
    Augustus, i, m. [1 augustus].
    I.
    A surname of Octavius Cœsar after he attained to undivided authority (acc. to Ov F 1, 590, after the year of Rome 727, Id. Jan.), and, after him, of all the Roman emperors; equivalent to Majesty or Imperial Majesty (cf. Suet. Aug. 7; Flor 4, 12 fin., Dio Cass. 53, 16: ex houper kai Sebaston auton kai hellênizontes pôs ôsper tina septon apo tou sebazesthai proseipon), Hor C, 1, 12; 4, 5; 4, 14; 4, 15; id. Ep. 2, 1 al.; Ov M 15, 860; id. F. 1, 590; 4, 676; 5, 567, Vulg. Luc. 2, 1; ib. Act. 25, 21; 25, 25 et saep.; later: semper Augustus, Symm Ep. 2, 30 al.— Hence,
    II.
    Adj.: Augustus, a, um, of or relating to Augustus or the emperor, Augustan, imperial caput, i. e. Augustus, Ov. M. 15, 869:

    aures,

    id. P 1, 2, 117 forum, id. ib. 4, 5, 10:

    postes, id M 1, 562: domus,

    id. P. 2, 2, 76: Principis augustā Caprearum in rupe sedentis, Juv 10, 93 Jahn (where Hermann reads angusta) pax, Ov. P. 2, 5, 18;

    Vell 2, 126: cohors,

    Vulg. Act. 27, 1 et saep.:

    marmor (in Egypt),

    Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 55 (cf Isid. Orig. 16, 5, 4;

    Au gusteum): laurus, also called regia, the best species of it,

    Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 129, 17, 10, 11, § 60: flcus, Macr S. 2, 16.—But esp Men. sis Augustus, the month of August, named after Augustus; earlier called Sextilis (cf Macr. S. 1, 12 fin., and Julius fin.), Juv 3, 9:

    Katendae,

    Col. 11, 12; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123 al.:

    Idus,

    Mart. 12, 68 et saep.—Augusta aula, i. e. Domitiani, Mart. 7, 40 historia, the history of the Roman emperors, Vop Tac. 10.—In gen., imperial, royal. ma. trem regis ex augusto deposuit imperio, * Vulg. 2 Par. 15, 16

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > augustus

  • 16 catoblepas

    cătōblĕpas, ae, m., = katôbleps or katôblepôn (that looks down), a wild animal in Ethiopia, perhaps a species of buffalo, or the gnu, a species of antelope, Mel. 3, 9, 9; Plin. 8, 21, 32, § 77.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > catoblepas

  • 17 certus

    certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.
    I.
    (Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):

    certum'st hominem eludere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:

    tibi credere,

    id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

    certum atque decretum est non dare signum,

    Liv. 2, 45, 13:

    certum est igni circumdare muros,

    Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:

    certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:

    certum est, jam dicam patri,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:

    certum est, ibo ad medicum,

    id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;

    so further with istuc,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:

    mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,

    Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:

    ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:

    quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

    certa res hanc est objurgare,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—
    b.
    (From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.
    (α).
    With inf.:

    certa mori,

    Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:

    decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,

    Ov. M. 9, 43:

    certa sequi,

    Val. Fl. 5, 47.—
    (β).
    With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;

    A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,

    Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:

    desciscendi,

    Tac. H. 4, 14:

    relinquendae vitae,

    id. A. 4, 34:

    necis,

    Sil. 6, 27:

    fugae,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:

    destinationis,

    Tac. A. 12, 32:

    sceleris,

    id. ib. 12, 66:

    consilii,

    id. H. 2, 46.—
    (γ).
    With an:

    nec sat certa an cederet armis,

    Sil. 9, 480.—
    II.
    An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;

    with praefinitus,

    Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).
    A.
    Object.
    1.
    Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):

    Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,

    Lucr. 6, 783:

    fruges, bacae,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,

    id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

    concilium in diem certam indicere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;

    so with dies,

    a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:

    certis diebus,

    Verg. G. 2, 329:

    quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:

    certum praefinitumque tempus,

    id. Galb. 14; and:

    certum statumque vectigal,

    id. Calig. 40:

    pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,

    Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

    locus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:

    numerus,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    signum,

    fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:

    naves,

    fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:

    pecuniae imperabantur,

    id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:

    conviva,

    i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:

    ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—
    b.
    But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):

    Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:

    habet certos sui studiosos,

    id. Brut. 16, 64:

    (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,

    id. Sest. 27, 58:

    certi homines ad eam rem periti,

    id. ib. 18, 41:

    res a certis hominibus corrupta,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:

    ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,

    Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;

    11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,

    id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:

    in his certos aliquos docebit,

    id. 2, 8, 13.—
    2.
    Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).
    a.
    Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:

    tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:

    certi homines, quibus dem litteras,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

    certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

    auctor (mortis),

    Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:

    adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,

    Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:

    per litora certos dimittam,

    Verg. A. 1, 576:

    certissimus auctor (Phoebus),

    id. G. 1, 432.—
    b.
    Of things:

    satis animo certo et confirmato,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.

    pectora,

    Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:

    promissa,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:

    parata dicendi copia et certa,

    Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §

    9: jus,

    id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:

    jactus (telorum),

    Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.

    in this sense certa hasta,

    Verg. A. 11, 767:

    sagitta,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:

    fides segetis,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 30:

    spes,

    id. C. S. 74:

    trames,

    id. S. 2, 3, 49:

    lar,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:

    plana et certa,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

    certa et clara,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:

    certa maris,

    Tac. H. 4, 81.—
    B.
    Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):

    cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:

    incerta pro certis malebant,

    Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:

    incerta pro certis mutare,

    id. J. 83, 1:

    postremo certior res,

    Liv. 29, 6, 12:

    certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:

    hisce oculis egomet vidi,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:

    jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?

    id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:

    cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,

    Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:

    id parum certum est,

    Liv. 5, 35, 3:

    cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,

    Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:

    nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:

    neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

    certum inveniri non potest ne... an,

    id. B. C. 1, 25:

    si quicquam humanorum certi est,

    Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:

    Certum non scimus,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:

    certum habere,

    to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:

    certum respondeo,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

    cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,

    Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:

    negare,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:

    polliceri,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

    dicere aliquid,

    id. Brut. 3, 10:

    ponere,

    Liv. 23, 6, 8:

    scire,

    id. 25, 10, 1:

    affirmare,

    id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:

    creditur,

    Sall. C. 15, 2:

    coeperit esse,

    Quint. 5, 12, 2:

    certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:

    quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:

    et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,

    Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:

    certo certius,

    Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—
    2.
    Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:

    certi sumus periisse omnia,

    Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

    num quid nunc es certior?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:

    posteritatis,

    i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:

    sententiae,

    Quint. 4, 3, 8:

    judicii,

    Sen. Ep. 45, 9:

    certus de suā geniturā,

    Suet. Vesp. 25:

    damnationis,

    id. Tib. 61:

    exitii,

    Tac. A. 1, 27:

    spei,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    matrimonii,

    id. A. 12, 3:

    certi sumus, etc.,

    Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:

    me certiorem face,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:

    ut nos facias certiores,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:

    uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

    qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,

    Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:

    Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

    faciam te certiorem quid egerim,

    Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:

    milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.Pass.:

    quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:

    Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:

    factus certior, quae res gererentur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

    non consulibus certioribus factis,

    Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:

    fac me certum quid tibi est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:

    lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,

    Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.
    A.
    certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.
    1.
    Object.:

    perii certo, haud arbitrario,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:

    mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:

    nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—
    b.
    In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
    2.
    Subject.
    a.
    In gen. (very rare):

    certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

    ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
    b.
    Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):

    certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:

    quod te moleste ferre certo scio,

    Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:

    veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,

    Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—
    B.
    certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).
    I.
    Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.
    1.
    Object.:

    certe edepol, tu me alienabis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:

    ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

    certe hercle,

    id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:

    quom is certe Renuntiarit,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

    certe captus est!

    id. And. 1, 1, 55:

    certe ut videamur cernere eum,

    Lucr. 4, 760:

    si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:

    fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,

    id. Planc. 16, 38:

    ea certe vera sunt,

    id. Mil. 35, 96:

    M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

    jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

    cum se certe decessurum videret,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:

    certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,

    Verg. A. 1, 234:

    o dea certe,

    a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:

    postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:

    placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,

    Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:

    speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,

    Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:

    si reperire vocas amittere certius,

    Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—
    b.
    In an answer of affirmation:

    estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—
    2.
    Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):

    certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:

    edepol certo scio,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:

    scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

    ex litteris certe scire potuistis,

    id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:

    quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—
    b.
    In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—
    c.
    In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:

    ah nugas agis, Certe habes,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

    si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —
    (β).
    In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—
    II.
    Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).
    A.
    Alone:

    si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:

    cingitur, certe expedit se,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:

    ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

    haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

    qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,

    id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:

    res fortasse verae, certe graves,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:

    consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,

    id. 22, 34, 11:

    quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,

    Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:

    quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,

    ego certe,

    Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:

    certe ego,

    Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:

    mihi certe,

    Quint. 10, 3, 23:

    ipse certe,

    id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—
    B.
    With other particles.
    1.
    With tamen:

    illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—
    2.
    With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—
    3.
    With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —
    4.
    With quidem:

    ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

    quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,

    id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:

    certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,

    Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:

    hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > certus

  • 18 chroma

    chrōma, ătis (ătŏs, Vitr. 5, 5), n., = chrôma (a color), in music, a chromatic scale (a species of harmony in which the tones of the tetrachord measure two and a half tones, as a half, again a semitone, and then a tone and a half follow each other), Vitr. 5, 4, 3; cf. Dict. of Antiq. p. 645.—Hence, chrōmătĭcē, ēs, f., the science of this species of harmony, Vitr. 5, 5; and: chrō-mătĭcus, a, um, adj., chromatic:

    genus, the same,

    Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 4 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > chroma

  • 19 chromatice

    chrōma, ătis (ătŏs, Vitr. 5, 5), n., = chrôma (a color), in music, a chromatic scale (a species of harmony in which the tones of the tetrachord measure two and a half tones, as a half, again a semitone, and then a tone and a half follow each other), Vitr. 5, 4, 3; cf. Dict. of Antiq. p. 645.—Hence, chrōmătĭcē, ēs, f., the science of this species of harmony, Vitr. 5, 5; and: chrō-mătĭcus, a, um, adj., chromatic:

    genus, the same,

    Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 4 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > chromatice

  • 20 chromaticus

    chrōma, ătis (ătŏs, Vitr. 5, 5), n., = chrôma (a color), in music, a chromatic scale (a species of harmony in which the tones of the tetrachord measure two and a half tones, as a half, again a semitone, and then a tone and a half follow each other), Vitr. 5, 4, 3; cf. Dict. of Antiq. p. 645.—Hence, chrōmătĭcē, ēs, f., the science of this species of harmony, Vitr. 5, 5; and: chrō-mătĭcus, a, um, adj., chromatic:

    genus, the same,

    Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 4 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > chromaticus

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