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41 Colorado (River) hemp
DARE: 1900. According to the DARE, "a tall annual legume ( Sesbania exaltata) of the Southwestern and Gulf States which produces long tough fibers formerly used like hemp by the Indians."Also called bequilla, coffee bean, coffeeweed, indigo, siene bean, zacate. -
42 conchas
Ornaments, usually made of silver, used to decorate saddles and other pieces of riding gear, including the chaps, saddleskirt, spurs, etc. Concha is Spanish for 'shell.' Cobos notes that in New Mexico and Southern Colorado Spanish, a concha may be a disc made of nickel or leather that serves as a washer for saddle strings, or a shell-shaped disc made of silver or copper used on Navajo Indian belts. With the exception of Cobos, Spanish sources do not reference the term as a silver decoration; it is evident that the southwestern definition is an extension of the meaning of 'shell' and refers to the shape of the decorations.Alternate forms: chonchos, conchos. -
43 corona
(carona [karóna], evolved along with the ancient locative adverb a la carona 'in direct contact with the skin of an animal or person' from an earlier, probably pre-Roman, term, * carón or a similar form)Southwest (west Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona): 1892. A saddle pad placed between the saddle and the animal's back. Watts notes that it was often form-fitted to the saddle and left open on top to allow ventilation. The DARE indicates that it was sometimes highly decorated and may have been made of "pigskin, embroidered broadcloth, brightly-colored Navajo blankets, woven horsehair," or other materials. Southwestern sources, including Watts, Adams, Blevins, Smith, Carlisle, and the DARE say that this term derives from Spanish corona, meaning 'crown.' This is inaccurate. Actually, the term derives from carona, a Spanish term that the DRAE defines as a piece of thick, padded fabric that fits between the saddle blanket and the (pack)saddle and serves as a protection for the horse. It may also refer to the interior part of a packsaddle or, according to both the DRAE and Islas, the part of the horse's back on which the carona sits. Islas glosses it as a thick saddle blanket or sudadero that fits between the saddle and the horse's back. It may also refer to a piece of canvas under a saddle or saddle blanket. Cobos indicates that a "saddle blanket used on donkeys and mules" is known as a carola in New Mexico and southern Colorado. He suggests that the term derives from Spanish escarola 'ruffled collar,' but it is more likely a variant form of carona.Alternate form: caronie. -
44 corrida
(Sp. model spelled same [koríða] < correr 'to run' < Latin currere 'to run' plus the derivative suffix - ida)1) DARE: 1929. A cattle ranching outfit. Only Cobos references this meaning.2) A shed built on the side of a corral. No Spanish source provides a similar gloss. In Southwestern and Mexican Spanish (according to Santamaría, Islas, and Sobarzo), a corrida is generally a roundup in which cowboys gather grazing cattle together for a variety of purposes. -
45 corriente
(Sp. model spelled same [korjénte] imperfective participle of < Latin currere 'to run')A Spanish term meaning "ordinary" or "common" that has been adopted into the cowboy lexicon. Among southwestern cowboys, it means "ordinary" or even "inferior" when referring to cattle or commodities. The DRAE glosses it as average, common, ordinary, or not extraordinary. Santamaría references it as something of common quality, not fine or distinctive. Sobarzo says that it refers especially to people and merchandise and indicates poor quality or little value. -
46 galleta
(Sp. model spelled same [gajéta] < French galette)1) Southwestern California: 1856. According to the DARE, a stiff, dense grass used in the Southwest for forage. It includes several varieties of the genus Hilaria, especialy H. jamesii. Bentley says that it grows to a height of two to four feet and thrives in even the driest of soils. Spanish sources do not reference this meaning.Alternate forms: gaieta, galleta grass, gietta grass.Also called tobosa. -
47 grama grass
Alternate forms: gramma, gramma grass, grammar grass, gramme grass.Also called buffalo grass, mesquite grass.2) Arizona: 1872. A muhly grass, especially Muhlenbergia porteri.See also black grama. The DRAE glosses grama as a general term for grass; however, in southwestern English it has developed specific meanings. -
48 grande
(Sp. model spelled same [grande] < Latin grandem 'grandiose' or 'aged')1) The General Spanish term for big or great, extremely common in southwestern place names.2) A nickname for the Rio Grande. This meaning is not referenced in Spanish sources. -
49 guancoche
(Sp. model spelled same [gwaŋkót∫e] < vanchoche, in Tarascan [a Meso-American Indian language of Southwestern Michoacan, Mexico], a net in which loads are carried, and in Sinaloa, Mexico, a blanket or bag made of the most ordinary sort of fiber)A gunnysack or large basket used in the Southwest and Mexico to carry items on a mule, horse, or burro. Santamaría glosses it as a thick, coarse, woven fabric used for lining and packing and in making gunnysacks. He indicates that the term is common in nearly all Latin-American countries, with some variations in spelling and meaning. Related forms: gancoche, gangocho, gangochi, guangochi, guangocho; all share the fundamental meaning of a coarse, crude, sparse cloth or loose robe; or a large sack, blanket, wrapped package, or container for heavy things made from such a fabric, all of which may be oversized or loose-fitting. It was probably influenced by the Mexicanism guango 'loose-fitting,' and has emigrated from Mexico to other countries. Whether or not cowboys or ranchers used such an artifact to transport goods, they probably knew some individuals who did and were aware of the term. -
50 iztle
(etymology not found)According to Blevins, a southwestern term for a kind of obsidian used by Indians for arrowheads. The term appears to be from Nahuatl but is not referenced by Cabrera or Santamaría or any other Spanish source. -
51 manta
Arizona: 1887. A pack cover, generally a large cotton or canvas one (approximately nine feet by twelve feet), laid over the top of a loaded packsaddle to protect the goods from rain or snowstorms. It may also have been wrapped around a load of goods before setting it on the packsaddle. Among the several definitions given by the DRAE for this term is a one describing piece of ordinary cotton fabric used in Mexico or a piece of cloth used as protection for the horses. Santamaría defines it as an ordinary piece of cotton cloth used primarily for everyday clothing. No Spanish source gives a definition identical to the southwestern meaning of 'pack cover.' It is possible that the first manta was an improvised one and the name simply stuck.Alternate form: manto. -
52 punche
(Sp. model spelled same [pun,t∫e], of uncertain origin, possibly from an American Indian language)Carlisle: 1848. Referenced by Carlisle as a light, mild tobacco used and traded by Indians in the southwestern United States. Cobos indicates that it may refer to tobacco in general or to a "low-class, homegrown tobacco" cultivated in New Mexico. He notes that it is quite potent and is sometimes called punche mexicano. -
53 remuda
Clark: 1840s. A herd of domesticated horses on a ranch or trail drive under the charge of a remudero or wrangler. At the beginning of each shift, cowboys would choose their mount from this herd. Horses in this type of herd are said to be in remuda. Watts indicates that since the turn of the century this term has been used on occasion to allude to a cowboy's personal string or even a single horse. Spanish sources provide similar definitions, but none exactly like the southwestern meaning. The DRAE glosses remuda as a change, such as a change of clothing. Santamaría defines it as a relay or draft horse, or a horse or mule that relieves another animal that has become tired from working.Alternate form: remouda. -
54 sacaton
Bentley: 1863.A southwestern plant ( Sporobolus wrightii) sometimes used as forage. The OED indicates that the term refers to various species of the genera Sporobolus and Epicampes. Santamaria glosses it as the common name of various wild grasses, including Muelembergia disticophylla and S. wrightii, used for making an industrial fiber. It generally grows in long, rigid rootstalks with leaves. In southeastern Mexico it is the primary vegetation on the plains or savannahs, where it grows as a shrub or in isolated groups of trees.Also called pajón (Mexico), bear grass (USA), it is commonly used as forage for cattle.Alternate forms: sacate, sacatone, zacaton. -
55 saguaro
OED: 1856. The famous giant cactus of the Southwest ( Carnegiea gigantea), growing up to sixty feet in height, according to Blevins, and linked forever in the popular mind with cowboying. Many western movies shot in places like Old Tucson made ample use of this impressive plant in scenes depicting trail rides and desert locales. Islas and Santamaría both reference this term as a giant cactus native to northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It also refers to the fruit of the cactus.Alternate forms: sagarro, sahuaro, suaro, suhuaro, suwarro. -
56 stampede
( estampida [estampida] < estampía 'tumultuous race; abrupt departure' < estampar, of Germanic origin, probably from French estamper 'to crush; to mash')1) OED: 1826. As a noun, the mass bolting of frenzied cattle. Also, more generally, the sudden bolting of any herd of animals, or even of humans, as in a gold stampede or land stampede.2) Calgary, Alberta: 1912. By extension from (1), a southwestern celebration consisting of a rodeo and other contests and exhibitions.3) OED: 1823. As an intransitive verb, to take flight suddenly (generally said of a herd of cattle or other animals).4) OED: 1848. As a transitive verb, to cause a stampede (1), usually said of humans. This was a technique used by Indians and others to steal cattle. The Royal Academy defines estampida primarily as a sharp, loud noise, such as one made by the firing of a cannon. It also refers to the precipitous flight of a human or animal, or of a group of either of these. Spanish sources do not reference the term as a verb; usages (3) and (4) are extensions of (1). -
57 tank
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