sir

gĕlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [gelu].

Act., to cause to freeze, to congeal.—Pass., to be frozen, to freeze.

In gen.:

si gelent frigora, quarto die premendam (olivam),

Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 21:

fluvius, qui ferrum gelat,

Mart. 1, 50, 12.— Pass.:

quae (alvearia fictilia) et accenduntur aestatis vaporibus et gelantur hiemis frigoribus (shortly before: nec hieme rigent, nec candent aestate),

Col. 9, 6, 2.—Esp. freq. in the part. perf.:

amnes gelati lacusque,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103:

lac, Col. poët. 10, 397: caseus,

id. 7, 8, 7:

manus Aquilone,

Mart. 5, 9, 3.—

In partic., to freeze, chill, stiffen with fright, horror, etc.; in pass., to be frozen, chilled; to be numbed or stiff (cf.:

gelu and gelidus): gelat ora pavor,

Stat. Th. 4, 497:

timent pavidoque gelantur Pectore,

Juv. 6, 95:

sic fata gelatis Vultibus,

Stat. Th. 4, 404:

gelato corde attonitus,

Luc. 7, 339:

gelati orbes (i. e. oculi emortui),

id. 6, 541.—

Neutr., to freeze:

pruinae perniciosior natura, quoniam lapsa persidet gelatque,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 222:

venae,

Stat. Th. 4, 727:

vultus Perseos,

i. e. to be petrified, Luc. 9, 681.— Impers.:

non ante demetuntur quam gelaverit,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 39; Vulg. Sir. 43, 21.

Gĕlo or Gĕlon, ōnis, m., = Gelôn, king of Syracuse, son of Hiero II., Liv. 23, 30; 24, 5; Just. 23, 4; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 144.

gĕlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [gelu].

Act., to cause to freeze, to congeal.—Pass., to be frozen, to freeze.

In gen.:

si gelent frigora, quarto die premendam (olivam),

Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 21:

fluvius, qui ferrum gelat,

Mart. 1, 50, 12.— Pass.:

quae (alvearia fictilia) et accenduntur aestatis vaporibus et gelantur hiemis frigoribus (shortly before: nec hieme rigent, nec candent aestate),

Col. 9, 6, 2.—Esp. freq. in the part. perf.:

amnes gelati lacusque,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103:

lac, Col. poët. 10, 397: caseus,

id. 7, 8, 7:

manus Aquilone,

Mart. 5, 9, 3.—

In partic., to freeze, chill, stiffen with fright, horror, etc.; in pass., to be frozen, chilled; to be numbed or stiff (cf.:

gelu and gelidus): gelat ora pavor,

Stat. Th. 4, 497:

timent pavidoque gelantur Pectore,

Juv. 6, 95:

sic fata gelatis Vultibus,

Stat. Th. 4, 404:

gelato corde attonitus,

Luc. 7, 339:

gelati orbes (i. e. oculi emortui),

id. 6, 541.—

Neutr., to freeze:

pruinae perniciosior natura, quoniam lapsa persidet gelatque,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 222:

venae,

Stat. Th. 4, 727:

vultus Perseos,

i. e. to be petrified, Luc. 9, 681.— Impers.:

non ante demetuntur quam gelaverit,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 39; Vulg. Sir. 43, 21.

Gĕlo or Gĕlon, ōnis, m., = Gelôn, king of Syracuse, son of Hiero II., Liv. 23, 30; 24, 5; Just. 23, 4; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 144.

irrītātĭo ( inr-), ōnis, f. [1. irrito], an incitement, incentive, provocative, irritation, stimulant (not ante-Aug.).

Physical: tenesmos est irritatio ultimae partis directi intestini, Scrib. 142 init.:

tamquam edendi irritationes quasdam repertas esse,

Gell. 7, 16, 6.—

Of the feelings or passions.

In gen.:

ad amicitiam naturalis irritatio,

Sen. Ep. 9, 17:

vinum multum... irritationem et iram facit,

Vulg. Sir. 31, 38.—With gen. subj.:

(feminae) nullis conviviorum irritationibus corruptae,

Tac. G. 19.— With gen. obj.:

inesse irritationem animis commutandi sedes,

a restless desire, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6, 5.—

Esp., wrath, anger, irritation:

animorum,

Liv. 31, 14, 6.

intĕrĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris [ comp. from inter, whence also sup. intimus], inner, interior; nearer (class.).

A.. In gen.:

in interiore aedium parte,

Cic. Sest. 10: spatium, [p. 981] Ov. M. 7, 670:

secessit in partem interiorem,

Liv. 40, 8: in interiore parte ut maneam solus cum sola, i.e. within, in the women ' s apartment, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 31:

interior domus,

the inner part of the house, Verg. A. 1, 637; cf.

epistola,

the body of the letter, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5:

erit aliquid interius (mente),

Cic. N. D. 1, 11:

motu cietur interiore et suo (opp. quod pulsu agitatur externo),

id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

nationes,

i. e. living farther in the interior, farther inland, id. de Imp. Pomp. 22:

homo,

i. e. the life and soul, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 66.—Hence, substt.

intĕrĭōres, um, m., they who live farther inland:

Angrivarii multos redemptos ab interioribus reddidere,

Tac. A. 2, 24.—

intĕrĭōra, the inner parts or places:

aedium,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

regni,

Liv. 42, 39, 1:

navis,

Vulg. Jon. 1, 5:

deserti,

id. Exod. 3, 1.—

Esp. of the body, intestines, bowels:

interiorum morbi,

Cels. 1 praef. § 68; Veg. 1, 39, 2.—

Trop., the feelings, character:

interiora ejus plena sunt dolo,

Vulg. Sir. 19, 23.—

Esp., in the race-course, nearer the goal, on the left; for they drove from right to left:

nunc stringam metas interiore rotā,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 12:

meta,

id. A. A. 2, 426:

gyrus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 26; cf. Verg. A. 11, 695:

et medius... ibat, et interior, si comes unus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 68. —

In partic.

Nearer:

toto corpore interior periculo vulneris factus,

i. e. as he was too near him to be in danger of a wound from him, Liv. 7, 10:

ictibus,

within the line of fire, id. 24, 34:

timor,

Cic. de Or. 2, 51:

torus,

the side nearest the wall, Ov. Am. 3, 14, 32: nota Falerni, from the inmost part of the cellar, i. e. the oldest, Hor. C. 2, 3, 8:

sponda regiae lecticae,

Suet. Caes. 49.—

More hidden, secret, or unknown:

sed haec quoque in promptu fuerint: nunc interiora videamus,

Cic. Div. 2, 60:

interiores et reconditae litterae,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

consilia,

Nep. Hann. 2: haec interiora, the personal worth, opp. illa externa, public deeds, Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4.—

Deeper, more intimate, nearer:

vicini,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

societas,

id. Off. 3, 17:

amicitia interior,

Liv. 42, 17:

potentia,

greater, Tac. H. 1, 2:

cura,

Sil. 16, 339; cf.

litterae,

more profound, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 9; 7, 33, 2. — Neutr. plur., with gen.:

in interiora regni se recepit,

Liv. 42, 39. — Hence, intĕrĭ-us, adv., in the inner part, on the inside, within, = intra (freq. only since the Aug. per.): ne fluat oratio, ne vagetur, ne insistat interius, ne excurrat longius, i. e. be too short or brief, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190; cf. Sen. Tranq. 9:

in eo sinu duo maria: Ionium in prima parte, interius Hadriaticum,

Plin. 3, 26, 29, § 150; cf. Mela, 1, 6, 2; 1, 19, 1;

2, 1, 12: rapiat sitiens Venerem interiusque recondat,

Verg. G. 3, 137; so Ov. M. 6, 306.—

Esp. farther inland, farther from the sea:

penetrare,

Vell. 2, 120, 2:

habitare,

Mel. 2, 1, 12:

esse,

id. 1, 19, 1; Plin. 3, 26, 29, § 150.—

Trop. of mental operations, more inwardly or deeply:

ne insistat interius (oratio),

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

attendere,

Juv. 11, 15.

intĕrĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris [ comp. from inter, whence also sup. intimus], inner, interior; nearer (class.).

A.. In gen.:

in interiore aedium parte,

Cic. Sest. 10: spatium, [p. 981] Ov. M. 7, 670:

secessit in partem interiorem,

Liv. 40, 8: in interiore parte ut maneam solus cum sola, i.e. within, in the women ' s apartment, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 31:

interior domus,

the inner part of the house, Verg. A. 1, 637; cf.

epistola,

the body of the letter, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5:

erit aliquid interius (mente),

Cic. N. D. 1, 11:

motu cietur interiore et suo (opp. quod pulsu agitatur externo),

id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

nationes,

i. e. living farther in the interior, farther inland, id. de Imp. Pomp. 22:

homo,

i. e. the life and soul, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 66.—Hence, substt.

intĕrĭōres, um, m., they who live farther inland:

Angrivarii multos redemptos ab interioribus reddidere,

Tac. A. 2, 24.—

intĕrĭōra, the inner parts or places:

aedium,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

regni,

Liv. 42, 39, 1:

navis,

Vulg. Jon. 1, 5:

deserti,

id. Exod. 3, 1.—

Esp. of the body, intestines, bowels:

interiorum morbi,

Cels. 1 praef. § 68; Veg. 1, 39, 2.—

Trop., the feelings, character:

interiora ejus plena sunt dolo,

Vulg. Sir. 19, 23.—

Esp., in the race-course, nearer the goal, on the left; for they drove from right to left:

nunc stringam metas interiore rotā,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 12:

meta,

id. A. A. 2, 426:

gyrus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 26; cf. Verg. A. 11, 695:

et medius... ibat, et interior, si comes unus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 68. —

In partic.

Nearer:

toto corpore interior periculo vulneris factus,

i. e. as he was too near him to be in danger of a wound from him, Liv. 7, 10:

ictibus,

within the line of fire, id. 24, 34:

timor,

Cic. de Or. 2, 51:

torus,

the side nearest the wall, Ov. Am. 3, 14, 32: nota Falerni, from the inmost part of the cellar, i. e. the oldest, Hor. C. 2, 3, 8:

sponda regiae lecticae,

Suet. Caes. 49.—

More hidden, secret, or unknown:

sed haec quoque in promptu fuerint: nunc interiora videamus,

Cic. Div. 2, 60:

interiores et reconditae litterae,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

consilia,

Nep. Hann. 2: haec interiora, the personal worth, opp. illa externa, public deeds, Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4.—

Deeper, more intimate, nearer:

vicini,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

societas,

id. Off. 3, 17:

amicitia interior,

Liv. 42, 17:

potentia,

greater, Tac. H. 1, 2:

cura,

Sil. 16, 339; cf.

litterae,

more profound, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 9; 7, 33, 2. — Neutr. plur., with gen.:

in interiora regni se recepit,

Liv. 42, 39. — Hence, intĕrĭ-us, adv., in the inner part, on the inside, within, = intra (freq. only since the Aug. per.): ne fluat oratio, ne vagetur, ne insistat interius, ne excurrat longius, i. e. be too short or brief, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190; cf. Sen. Tranq. 9:

in eo sinu duo maria: Ionium in prima parte, interius Hadriaticum,

Plin. 3, 26, 29, § 150; cf. Mela, 1, 6, 2; 1, 19, 1;

2, 1, 12: rapiat sitiens Venerem interiusque recondat,

Verg. G. 3, 137; so Ov. M. 6, 306.—

Esp. farther inland, farther from the sea:

penetrare,

Vell. 2, 120, 2:

habitare,

Mel. 2, 1, 12:

esse,

id. 1, 19, 1; Plin. 3, 26, 29, § 150.—

Trop. of mental operations, more inwardly or deeply:

ne insistat interius (oratio),

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

attendere,

Juv. 11, 15.

intĕrĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris [ comp. from inter, whence also sup. intimus], inner, interior; nearer (class.).

A.. In gen.:

in interiore aedium parte,

Cic. Sest. 10: spatium, [p. 981] Ov. M. 7, 670:

secessit in partem interiorem,

Liv. 40, 8: in interiore parte ut maneam solus cum sola, i.e. within, in the women ' s apartment, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 31:

interior domus,

the inner part of the house, Verg. A. 1, 637; cf.

epistola,

the body of the letter, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5:

erit aliquid interius (mente),

Cic. N. D. 1, 11:

motu cietur interiore et suo (opp. quod pulsu agitatur externo),

id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

nationes,

i. e. living farther in the interior, farther inland, id. de Imp. Pomp. 22:

homo,

i. e. the life and soul, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 66.—Hence, substt.

intĕrĭōres, um, m., they who live farther inland:

Angrivarii multos redemptos ab interioribus reddidere,

Tac. A. 2, 24.—

intĕrĭōra, the inner parts or places:

aedium,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

regni,

Liv. 42, 39, 1:

navis,

Vulg. Jon. 1, 5:

deserti,

id. Exod. 3, 1.—

Esp. of the body, intestines, bowels:

interiorum morbi,

Cels. 1 praef. § 68; Veg. 1, 39, 2.—

Trop., the feelings, character:

interiora ejus plena sunt dolo,

Vulg. Sir. 19, 23.—

Esp., in the race-course, nearer the goal, on the left; for they drove from right to left:

nunc stringam metas interiore rotā,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 12:

meta,

id. A. A. 2, 426:

gyrus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 26; cf. Verg. A. 11, 695:

et medius... ibat, et interior, si comes unus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 68. —

In partic.

Nearer:

toto corpore interior periculo vulneris factus,

i. e. as he was too near him to be in danger of a wound from him, Liv. 7, 10:

ictibus,

within the line of fire, id. 24, 34:

timor,

Cic. de Or. 2, 51:

torus,

the side nearest the wall, Ov. Am. 3, 14, 32: nota Falerni, from the inmost part of the cellar, i. e. the oldest, Hor. C. 2, 3, 8:

sponda regiae lecticae,

Suet. Caes. 49.—

More hidden, secret, or unknown:

sed haec quoque in promptu fuerint: nunc interiora videamus,

Cic. Div. 2, 60:

interiores et reconditae litterae,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

consilia,

Nep. Hann. 2: haec interiora, the personal worth, opp. illa externa, public deeds, Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4.—

Deeper, more intimate, nearer:

vicini,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

societas,

id. Off. 3, 17:

amicitia interior,

Liv. 42, 17:

potentia,

greater, Tac. H. 1, 2:

cura,

Sil. 16, 339; cf.

litterae,

more profound, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 9; 7, 33, 2. — Neutr. plur., with gen.:

in interiora regni se recepit,

Liv. 42, 39. — Hence, intĕrĭ-us, adv., in the inner part, on the inside, within, = intra (freq. only since the Aug. per.): ne fluat oratio, ne vagetur, ne insistat interius, ne excurrat longius, i. e. be too short or brief, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190; cf. Sen. Tranq. 9:

in eo sinu duo maria: Ionium in prima parte, interius Hadriaticum,

Plin. 3, 26, 29, § 150; cf. Mela, 1, 6, 2; 1, 19, 1;

2, 1, 12: rapiat sitiens Venerem interiusque recondat,

Verg. G. 3, 137; so Ov. M. 6, 306.—

Esp. farther inland, farther from the sea:

penetrare,

Vell. 2, 120, 2:

habitare,

Mel. 2, 1, 12:

esse,

id. 1, 19, 1; Plin. 3, 26, 29, § 150.—

Trop. of mental operations, more inwardly or deeply:

ne insistat interius (oratio),

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

attendere,

Juv. 11, 15.

irrītātĭo ( inr-), ōnis, f. [1. irrito], an incitement, incentive, provocative, irritation, stimulant (not ante-Aug.).

Physical: tenesmos est irritatio ultimae partis directi intestini, Scrib. 142 init.:

tamquam edendi irritationes quasdam repertas esse,

Gell. 7, 16, 6.—

Of the feelings or passions.

In gen.:

ad amicitiam naturalis irritatio,

Sen. Ep. 9, 17:

vinum multum... irritationem et iram facit,

Vulg. Sir. 31, 38.—With gen. subj.:

(feminae) nullis conviviorum irritationibus corruptae,

Tac. G. 19.— With gen. obj.:

inesse irritationem animis commutandi sedes,

a restless desire, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6, 5.—

Esp., wrath, anger, irritation:

animorum,

Liv. 31, 14, 6.

lŭcerna, ae, f. [luc-erna, from luceo, q. v.; with double suffix like caverna, laverna, lanterna, etc.; cf. Gr. ke-arnon, skeparnon], a lamp, oil-lamp.

Lit.: lucerna dicta a luce, aut quod id vocant Graeci luchnon, Varr. L. L. 5, § 119 Müll.:

lucernam forte oblitus fueram extinguere,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 56:

in sole lucernam adhibere nihil interest,

Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 29:

lucerna me deserit,

my light goes out, id. Att. 7, 7, 7:

vino et lucernis Medus acinaces Immane quantum discrepat,

i. e. evening entertainments, Hor. C. 1, 27, 5:

accedit numerus lucernis,

the lights begin to seem double, id. S. 2, 1, 25; cf.:

cum geminis exsurgit mensa lucernis,

Juv. 6, 305:

pereundum est ante lucernas,

before candle-light, id. 10, 339:

lucernam accendere,

Phaedr. 3, 19, 4:

turpis fumo lucernae,

Juv. 6, 131:

lucerna ardens exstinguitur,

Plin. 31, 3, 28, § 49:

fungi lucernarum,

id. 28, 11, 46, § 163:

pinguem nebulam vomuere lucernae,

Pers. 5, 181:

lucerna splendens super candelabrum,

Vulg. Sir. 26, 22.—

Transf.

Nocturnal labor, lucubration ( poet.):

haec ego non credam Venusina digna Lucerna?

Juv. 1, 51.—

A guide, instructor:

quia mandatum lucerna est,

Vulg. Prov. 6, 23; id. 2 Sam. 2, 29:

lucerna pedibus meis verbum tuum,

id. Psa. 118, 105.—

A phosphorescent fish, Plin. 9, 27, 43, § 82.

lūcĭdus, a, um, adj. [lux], containing light, full of light, clear, bright, shining (syn.: luminosus, luculentus; as an adj. not in Cic.).

Lit.:

aër,

Lucr. 4, 315:

sidera,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 2:

gemma,

Ov. H. 15, 74:

amnis,

Quint. 12, 10, 60:

concha,

Tib. 2, 4, 30:

lucidior domus,

Ov. F. 1, 94:

lucidissima stella,

Vitr. 9, 6:

saxa,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 200 (Queck, dulcia):

quid lucidius sole?

Vulg. Sir. 17, 30.—

Transf., brilliant, bright, beautiful, transparent, shining, white, etc.:

Alcyone,

Ov. H. 19, 133:

ovis,

Tib. 2, 1, 62:

sedes deorum,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 33:

vestis,

Plin. 35, 9, 35, § 59 (better tralucido).—

Trop.

Full of light, i. e. of truth and purity:

totum corpus tuum lucidum erit,

Vulg. Luc. 11, 34.—

Clear, perspicuous, luminous, lucid (of speech, or of orators; a favorite expression with Quintilian);

neque refert, an pro lucida (narratione) perspicuam dicamus,

Quint. 4, 2, 31:

propositio aperta et lucida,

id. 4, 5, 26:

manifesta et lucida ratio,

id. 4, 5, 3:

ordo,

Hor. A. P. 41.— Comp.:

res lucidior,

Quint. 7, 3, 21:

causa,

id. 4, 4, 4; 4, 2, 83; 4, 5, 1;

2, 3, 8: lucidior via,

id. 3, 11, 23.— Transf., of orators, Quint. 12, 10, 21:

lucidior auctor,

id. 10, 1, 74.—Hence, adv.: lūcĭdē.

Clearly, plainly, distinctly (mostly of speech): lucide verbum definire, *Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 108:

lucide dicentium,

Quint. 8, 3, 1.— Comp.:

quo lucidius intellegi possit haec exceptio,

Dig. 44, 4, 1.— Sup.:

sic ostendit lucidissime causam,

Quint. 4, 5, 12.—

Gloriously (see lucidus, B.):

lucidius tranquilliusque inter divina mansurus,

Sen. Ep. 71, 16.