separo

sē-păro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [2. paro], to disjoin, sever, part, divide, separate (class. and freq., esp. in the trop. sense; cf.: divido, dirimo, disjungo, secludo).

Lit.

With ab:

senatoria subsellia a populari consessu,

Cic. Corn. Fragm. 12, p. 449 Orell.:

separat Aonios Oetaeis Phocis ab arvis,

Ov. M. 1, 313:

Asiam ab Europā,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 87:

separandos a cetero exercitu ratus,

Curt. 7, 2, 35.—

With abl. ( poet.):

Seston Abydenā separat urbe fretum,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 28:

separat (spatium) aethere terram,

Luc. 4, 75; 9, 524;

natura nos ceteris separatos animalibus sola homines fatetur,

Diom. 275 P.—

With simple acc., Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

nec nos mare separat ingens,

Ov. M. 3, 448:

in ipsis Europam Asiamque separantis freti angustiis,

Plin. 9, 15, 20, § 50;

equitum magno numero ex omni populi summā separato,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

Thessalorum omnis equitatus separatus erat,

separated, divided, Liv. 42, 55 fin., Dig. 34, 2, 19, § 2.— Pass.:

ut corpora gentis illius separata sint in alias civitates, ingenia vera solis Atheniensium muris clausa existimes,

Vell. 1, 18, 1.—

Trop., to treat or consider separately; to distinguish, except.

With ab:

multi Graeci a perpetuis suis historiis ea bella separaverunt,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

cogitatione magis a virtute potest quam re separari,

id. Off. 1, 27, 95, suum consilium ab reliquis separare, Caes. B. G. 7, 63 fin.:

ob separata ab se consilia,

Liv. 23, 20, 4:

nihil est, quod se ab Aetolis separent,

id. 38, 43, 12:

orato rem, quem a bono viro non separo,

Quint. 2, 21, 12;

saepe a figuris ea (vitia) separare difficile est,

id. 1, 5, 5.—

With simple acc.:

separemus officium dantis testes et refellentis,

Quint. 5, 7, 9:

miscenda sit an separanda narratio,

id. 4, 2, 101; cf. id. 12, 2, 13; cf.:

virtus ipsa, separatā utilitate,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34: oratio ac vis forensis, ut idem separetur Cato, ita universa erupit sub Tullio, ut, etc., i. e. if Cato again be excepted (shortly before:

praeter Catonem),

Vell. 1, 17, 3.—Hence, sēpărātus, a, um, P. a., separated, separate, distinct, particular, different.

With ab:

quaestiones separatae a complexu rerum,

Quint. 5, 8, 6. —

With abl.:

(animalia) separata alienis,

Vell. 1, 16, 2.—

Absol.:

ista aliud quoddam separatum volumen exspectant,

Cic. Att. 14, 17, 6; so id. Verr. 2, 1, 17, § 45 Zumpt N cr.:

neutrum vitiosum separatum est, sed compositione peccatur,

Quint. 1, 5, 35:

quid separata, quid conjuncta (verba) exigant,

id. 8, 3, 15:

eorum nullum ipsum per se separatum probo,

Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 54 Mos. N. cr.:

privati ac separati agr: apud eos nihil est,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1; cf.:

separatae singulis sedes et sua cuique mensa,

Tac. G. 22:

separati epulis, discreti cubilibus,

id. H. 5, 5:

(exordium) separatum, quod non ex ipsā causā ductum est, nec,

Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26: tu (Bacchus) separatis uvidus in jugis (i. e. remotis), distant, remote, Hor C. 2, 19, 18.— Comp.:

intellectus,

Tert. Anim. 18 fin.—Sup. does not occur. —Hence, * adv.: sēpărātē, separately, apart:

separatius adjungi,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 156.

sēpărātus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of separo.

sēpărātus, ūs, m. [separo], a parting, separating:

parili (crinis),

App. Flor. p. 350, 40.

* * *

dĭrĭmo, ēmi, emptum ( perf. dirempsi, cited as error, Charis. 220 P.), 3, v. a. [disĕmo, like diribeo, from dis-habeo], to take apart; to part, separate, divide (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense—cf.: findo, scindo, divello, separo, sejungo, segrego, secerno).

Lit.:

dirimi corpus distrahive,

Cic. N. D. 3, 12; cf. Lucr. 6, 1075:

Tiberis Veientem agrum a Crustumino dirimens,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53; cf.:

castris Ilerdam,

Luc. 4, 33: sontes justis (Minos), Claud. ap. Rufin. 2, 477:

oppida nostra unius diei itinere dirimuntur,

are separated from each other, Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 2; cf.:

urbs Vulturno flumine dirempta,

Liv. 22, 15; and:

dirempta mari gens,

Plin. Pan. 32; and absol.:

dirimente amne,

Liv. 42, 39 et saep.— Poet., of cutting through the waves in a ship, Stat. Th. 5, 482.

Trop.

To break off, interrupt, to disturb, put off, delay (the fig. is taken from combatants who are parted asunder; transferred, like the opp. committere, to things; cf.:

dirimere infestas acies, dirimere iras,

Liv. 1, 13):

proelium tandem diremit nox,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 99; so,

proelium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40 fin.; Sall. J. 60 fin.; Liv. 37, 32; Verg. A. 5, 467 al.; cf. Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 9:

pugnam,

Liv. 27, 13:

bellum,

id. 27, 30; 40, 52; Verg. A. 12, 79:

certamina,

Ov. M. 5, 314 et saep.:

controversiam,

i. e. to adjust, compose, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

seditionem,

Front. Strat. 1, 8, 6:

litem,

Ov. M. 1, 21:

rem arbitrio,

id. F. 6, 98 et saep.; also, to separate, dissolve, break off a connection:

conjunctionem civium,

Cic. Off. 3, 5, 23:

societatem,

id. Sull. 2, 6; Liv. 8, 23:

nuptias,

Suet. Caes. 43:

affinitatem,

Tac. A. 12, 4:

amicitias,

id. ib. 6, 29; cf. Cic. Lael. 10, 34:

caritatem quae est inter natos et parentes,

id. ib. 8, 27:

pacem,

Liv. 9, 8; Quint. 2, 16, 7:

conubium,

Liv. 4, 6 et saep.—So too, to interrupt, disturb, break up a conversation, deliberation, etc.:

colloquium,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 4:

sermonem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11:

concilia populi,

Liv. 1, 36 fin.:

comitia,

id. 40, 59 al.; cf. absol.:

actum est eo die nihil: nox diremit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 2.—

In gen., to destroy, frustrate, bring to naught:

natura animaï morte dirempta,

Lucr. 1, 114:

auspicium,

Liv. 8, 23 fin.; cf.:

rem susceptam,

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31: dirimere [p. 585] tempus et proferre diem, id. Div. 1, 39, 85:

ea res consilium diremit,

Sall. C. 18 fin.— Absnl., to dissuade, to be unfavorable:

dirimen tibus auspicibus,

Amm. 14, 10, 9.

dī-scindo, cĭdi, cissum, 3, v. a., to tear or cleave asunder, to cut asunder, divide, rend, tear (class.—for syn. cf.: findo, scindo, dirimo, divello, separo, secerno).

Lit.:

salicem Graecam discindito,

Cato R. R. 40, 2:

vestem,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 4 (quoted Cic. Cael. 16, 38); Suet. Caes. 84; id. Ner. 42 al.; cf.

tunicam,

Cic. de Or. 2, 47, 195:

purpureos amictus manu,

Verg. A. 12, 602:

labrum,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20; cf.:

maxillam ictu,

Suet. Calig. 58:

artus,

Verg. G. 3, 514:

nubem (vis venti),

Lucr. 6, 436:

cotem novaculā,

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 32; Liv. 1, 36; cf.:

trabes aut saxa securibus cuneisque,

Tac. H. 5, 6 fin.:

cunctantem flagellis,

Suet. Calig. 33 et saep.— Absol.:

nulli penitus discindere ferro contigit,

Luc. 1, 31.—

Trop.:

discissa cum corpore vis animai,

Lucr. 3, 639:

tales amicitiae sunt remissione usus eluendae et dissuendae magis quam discindendae,

Cic. Lael. 21, 76:

omnis oratio aut continua est aut inter respondentem et interrogantem discissa,

interrupted, divided, Sen. Ep. 89, 16.—Rarely of persons:

discissi studiis turbulentis,

Amm. 25, 5; cf. id. 22, 5; 28, 4 fin.

dī-vĭdo, vīsi, vīsum, 3 ( perf. sync. divisse, Hor. S. 2, 3, 169), v. a. [root vidh-, to part, split; Sanscr. vidhyati, to penetrate, whence vidhava; Lat. vidua].

To force asunder, part, separate, divide (very freq. and class.; cf.: distribuo, dispertio; findo, scindo, dirimo, divello, separo, sejungo, segrego, secerno).

Lit.: Europam Libyamque rapax ubi dividit unda, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 20; and id. N. D. 3, 10:

discludere mundum membraque dividere,

Lucr. 5, 440; cf.:

si omne animal secari ac dividi potest, nullum est eorum individuum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 12:

crassum aërem,

id. Tusc. 1, 19 fin. (with perrumpere); cf.

nubila,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 6:

muros,

to break through, Verg. A. 2, 234:

marmor cuneis,

to split, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 14; cf.:

hunc medium securi,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 100:

mediam frontem ferro,

Verg. A. 9, 751; also simply, insulam, for to divide into two parts, Liv. 24, 6.— Poet.:

vagam caelo volucrem,

i. e. to cleave, to shoot, Sil. 2, 90:

sol... in partes non aequas dividit orbem,

Lucr. 5, 683;

so Galliam in partes tres,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

vicum in duas partes flumine,

id. ib. 3, 1, 6:

civitatem Helvetiam in quatuor pagos,

id. ib. 1, 12, 4:

populum unum in duas partes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 32, 5; id. B. C. 1, 35, 3:

divisi in factiones,

Suet. Ner. 20 et saep.—

Transf.

For distribuere, to divide among several, to distribute, apportion:

praedam,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 72:

argentum,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 3:

pecudes et agros,

Lucr. 5, 1109; cf.

agros,

Cic. Rep. 2, 18:

agrum viritim,

id. Brut. 14, 57; cf.:

bona viritim,

id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

munera, vestem, aurum, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 7 et saep.:

nummos in viros,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 30:

Thracia in Rhoemetalcen inque liberos Cotyis dividitur,

Tac. A. 2, 67; cf. id. ib. 3, 38. So of distributing troops in any place:

equitatum in omnes partes,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43, 4:

exercitum omnem passim in civitates,

Liv. 28, 2; cf. id. 6, 3 fin.:

Romanos in custodiam civitatium,

id. 43, 19; cf. id. 37, 45 fin.; cf.

also: conjuratos municipatim,

Suet. Caes. 14:

agros viritim civibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14; so with dat. (most freq.):

agrum sordidissimo cuique,

Liv. 1, 47; cf. id. 34, 32; Suet. Caes. 20 et saep.:

tabellas toti Italiae,

Cic. Sull. 15:

praedam militibus,

Sall. J. 91, 6:

loca praefectis,

Liv. 25, 30:

duo praedia natis duobus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 169:

oscula nulli,

id. C. 1, 36, 6 et saep.; cf.

in double construction: divisit in singulos milites trecenos aeris, duplex centurionibus, triplex equiti,

Liv. 40, 59:

inter participes praedam,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 5; so,

inter se,

id. Poen. 3, 5, 30; Nep. Thras. 1 fin.:

per populum fumantia (liba),

Ov. F. 3, 672; so,

agros per veteranos,

Suet. Dom. 9:

dimidiam partem cum aliquo,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 37; so id. Am. 5, 1, 73; id. Stich. 5, 4, 15:

praemia mecum,

Ov. F. 4, 887.— Absol.:

non divides (with dispertire),

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 4; so Liv. 44, 45; Ov. M. 13, 102 al.—

In mercant. lang. like distrahere and divendere, to sell piecemeal, in parcels, to retail, Suet. Caes. 54; id. Ner. 26.—

In mal. part., Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 4 Wagner; 7; cf. Petr. 11 Büch.—

Trop.

In gen.:

bona tripartito,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13 fin.:

annum ex aequo,

Ov. M. 5, 565:

horas (bucina),

Luc. 2, 689:

tempora curarum remissionumque,

Tac. Agr. 9:

dignitatem ordinum,

id. A. 13, 27:

et explanare ambigua,

Cic. Or. 32 fin.:

idem genus universum in species certas partietur et dividet,

id. ib. 33, 117; cf.

of logical or rhet. division,

id. Fin. 2, 9, 28; Quint. 3, 6, 37 et saep.: verba, to divide at the end of the line, Suet. Aug. 87:

nos alio mentes, alio divisimus aures,

Cat. 62, 15; cf.:

animum nunc huc celerem, nunc dividit illuc,

Verg. A. 4, 285.—

In partic.

Sententiam, polit. t. t., to divide the question, i. e. to take the vote separately upon the several parts of a motion or proposition:

divisa sententia est postulante nescio quo,

Cic. Mil. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 15; Sen. Ep. 21; id. Vit. Beat. 3. The expression used in requiring this was DIVIDE, Ascon. Cic. Mil. 6, 14.—

(Acc. to A. 2. a.) To distribute, apportion:

sic belli rationem esse divisam, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 17, 3:

haec temporibus,

Ter. And. 3, 1, 18;

Just. Praef. § 3: ea (negotia) divisa hoc modo dicebantur, etc.,

Sall. C. 43, 2.—

Pregn., to break up, dissolve, destroy = dissolvere:

nostrum concentum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 31:

ira fuit capitalis ut ultima divideret mors,

id. S. 1, 7, 13:

dividitur ferro regnum,

Luc. 1, 109; cf.:

dividimus muros, et moenia pandimus urbis,

Verg. A. 2, 234.—

To accompany, i. e. to share upon an instrument a song sung by a voice:

grata feminis Imbelli cithara carmina divides,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 15.

To divide, separate, part from; to remove from (class.).

Lit.:

flumen Rhenus agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit... flumen Rhodanus provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3; 1, 8, 1; 5, 11, 9:

Macedoniam a Thessalia,

id. B. C. 3, 36, 3:

Gallos ab Aquitanis,

id. B. G. 1, 1, 2 al.:

tota cervice desecta, divisa a corpore capita,

Liv. 31, 34, 4:

populum distribuit in quinque classes, senioresque a junioribus divisit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22:

tam multa illa meo divisast milia lecto, Quantum, etc.,

Prop. 1, 12, 3; cf.:

dextras miseris complexibus,

Stat. Th. 3, 166:

tuis toto dividor orbe rogis,

Ov. Pont. 1, 9, 48:

dividor (sc.: ab uxore) haud aliter, quam si mea membra relinquam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 73; cf. Prop. 1, 12, 10:

(Italiam) Longa procul longis via dividit invia terris,

separates, keeps distant, Verg. A. 3, 383; cf. id. ib. 12, 45:

discedite a contactu ac dividite turbidos,

Tac. A. 1, 43 fin. —

Trop., to separate, distinguish:

legem bonam a mala,

Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 44:

defensionem (opp. se comitem exitii promittebat),

Tac. A. 3, 15. —

Transf., for distinguere (II.), to distinguish, decorate, adorn (very rare):

qualis gemma micat, fulvum quae dividit aurum,

Verg. A. 10, 134:

scutulis dividere,

Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196.—Hence, dīvīsus, a, um, P. a., divided, separated:

divisior,

Lucr. 4, 962.— Adv.

dīvīse, distinctly, separately, Gell. 1, 22, 16; 7, 2 fin.; Tert. Carn. Chr. 13.—

dīvīsim, separately, Hier. Ep. 100, 14.

sēpărātim, adv. [separo], asunder, apart, separately (freq. and good prose; syn. seorsum)

With ab:

(di) separatim ab universis singulos diligunt,

Cic. N D. 2, 66, 165:

nihil accidet ei separatim a reliquis civibus,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:

separatim a reliquis consilium capere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

separatim eos ab illis consulturos,

Liv. 40, 47, 4.—

Absol. (so most freq.):

hoc sejungi potest separatimque perscribi,

Cic. Phil. 13, 21, 50:

unā in re separatim elaborare,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 9:

separatim singularum civitatium copias collocare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36; so (with singuli) Liv. 42, 44, 5; Quint. 4, prooem. § 7; (with quisque) Caes. B. C. 3, 18; Sall. C. 52, 23; Quint. 7, 4, 44; Cic. de Or 2, 16, 68; 2, 16, 70; id. Inv. 1, 18, 25; id. Brut. 53, 198; id. Fam. 13, 12; id. Att. 7, 3, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 29; id. B. C. 3, 24; Quint. 5, 7, 6; Suet. Caes. 10; id. Aug. 29; id. Tib. 76 al.:

vel separatim dicere de genere universo, vel definite de singulis temporibus, hominibus, causis,

i.e. generally, Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

separatum exordium,

id. Inv 1, 18, 26).

sperno, sprēvi, sprētum, 3 ( perf. sync. sprērunt, Prud. Dittoch. 31), v. a. [root spar-, to part; Sanscr. spar-itar, enemy; cf. Lat. parcus; Germ. sperren], to sever, separate, remove (syn.: segrego, separo; perh. only in the foll. passages): jus atque aequom se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

nunc spes, opes auxiliaque a me segregant spernuntque se,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 2 Brix ad loc.:

ille illas spernit segregatque ab se omnis extra te unam,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 17 Lorenz ad loc.—

Transf., subject., to despise, contemn, reject, scorn, spurn (the class. signif.; esp. freq. after the Aug. period; syn.: contemnere, despicere; pro nihilo putare, etc.;

opp. colere): meam speciem spernat (a little later: se contemnit),

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 20: spernitur orator bonus, horridus miles amatur, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 273 Vahl.):

non respondit, nos sprevit et pro nihilo putavit,

Cic. Phil. 13, 9, 21; id. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

cum spernerentur ab iis, a quibus essent coli soliti,

id. Sen. 3, 7:

sperni ab iis veteres amicitias, indulgeri novis,

id. Lael. 15, 54; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 98:

me animo non spernis,

Verg. E. 3, 74:

comitemne sororem Sprevisti moriens,

id. A. 4, 678:

quis tam inimicus nomini Romano est, qui Ennii Medeam spernat,

Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

veritas auspiciorum spreta est,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

aliorum judicia,

id. Or. 13, 41:

prodigus et stultus donat quae spernit et odit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 20 et saep.:

doctrina deos spernens,

Liv. 10, 40, 10:

conscientia spretorum (deorum),

id. 21, 63, 7; 30, 40, 5:

ab eo quoque spretum consulis imperium est,

id. 41, 10, 9; so,

imperium,

id. 8, 30, 11:

litteras praetoris,

id. 30, 24, 3:

consilium,

Ov. M. 6, 30; Curt. 3, 2, 18:

voluptates,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 55:

dulces amores,

id. C. 1, 9, 16:

cibum vilem,

id. S. 2, 2, 15:

(genus orationis) spretum et pulsum foro,

Cic. Or. 13, 42:

haudquaquam spernendus auctor,

Liv. 30, 45, 5; cf. Col. 1, 1, 4:

haud spernendos falsi tituli testes,

Liv. 4, 20, 11:

neque morum spernendus,

Tac. A. 14, 40:

spernens dotis,

App. Mag. p. 332.— Poet. with inf.:

nec partem solido demere de die Spernit,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 21:

obsequio deferri spernit aquarum,

Ov. M. 9, 117.