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81 ἰάλλω
ἰάλλω, aor. ἴηλα, inf. ἰῆλαι: send, mostly implying quick motion toward some definite point; freq. ἐπ' ὀνείατα χεῖρας ἰάλλειν, ‘apply’ the hands to viands, Il. 9.91, etc.; ἑτάροις ἐπὶ (adv.) χεῖρας ἴαλλεν, ‘flung out’ his arms to them, Od. 9.288 ; ὀιστὸν ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ἴαλλεν | Ἕκτορος ἀντικρύ, Il. 8.300; ἐπὶ (adv.) δεσμὸν ἴηλον, ‘whip’ on a knot, Od. 8.443, cf. 497; met., ἀτῖμίῃσιν ἰάλλειν, ‘assail’ as with missiles, Od. 13.142.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἰάλλω
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82 συνίημι
συν-ίημι, ξυνίημι, imp. ξυνίει, ipf. 3 pl. ξύνιεν, aor. ξυνέηκε, imp. ξύνες, mid. aor. ξύνετο, subj. συνώμεθα: let go with.—I. act., send or bring together, esp. in hostile ways, Il. 1.8, Il. 7.210; metaph., mark, attend to, hear (cf. conicere), w. acc., sometimes gen., of person or of thing, Il. 1.273, Il. 2.26.— II. mid., agree, covenant, Il. 13.381; also like act., mark, Od. 4.76.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > συνίημι
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83 ξυνίημι
συν-ίημι, ξυνίημι, imp. ξυνίει, ipf. 3 pl. ξύνιεν, aor. ξυνέηκε, imp. ξύνες, mid. aor. ξύνετο, subj. συνώμεθα: let go with.—I. act., send or bring together, esp. in hostile ways, Il. 1.8, Il. 7.210; metaph., mark, attend to, hear (cf. conicere), w. acc., sometimes gen., of person or of thing, Il. 1.273, Il. 2.26.— II. mid., agree, covenant, Il. 13.381; also like act., mark, Od. 4.76.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ξυνίημι
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84 ἐννεσίαι
Grammatical information: pl.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [502] *i̯eh₁- `send, throw, make do'Etymology: Prop. `in-givings', from ἐν-ίημι with necessary double - ν- (Chantr. Gr. hom. 1, 100). On suffix - σίη (for - σις) Schwyzer 469, Risch 114, Porzig Satzinhalte 99. Thus ἐξεσίη (Hom.) `sending out, message' from ἐξ-ίημι.Page in Frisk: 1,521Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐννεσίαι
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85 βάλλω
βάλλω fut. βαλῶ; 2 aor. ἔβαλον, 3 pl. ἔβαλον Lk 23:34 (Ps 21:19); Ac 16:23 and ἔβαλαν Ac 16:37 (B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208); pf. βέβληκα (on this form s. lit. in LfgrE s.v. βάλλω col. 25). Pass.: 1 fut. βληθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐβλήθην; pf. βέβλημαι; plpf. ἐβεβλήμην (Hom.+) gener. to put someth. into motion by throwing, used from the time of Hom. either with a suggestion of force or in a gentler sense; opp. of ἁμαρτάνω ‘miss the mark’.① to cause to move from one location to another through use of forceful motion, throwⓐ w. simple obj. scatter seed on the ground (Diod S 1, 36, 4; Ps 125:6 v.l. [ARahlfs, Psalmi cum Odis ’31]) Mk 4:26; 1 Cl 24:5; AcPlCor 2:26; in a simile, of the body τὸ σῶμα … βληθέν vs. 27; εἰς κῆπον Lk 13:19; cast lots (Ps 21:19; 1 Ch 25:8 al.; Jos., Ant. 6, 61) Mt 27:35; Mk 15:24; Lk 23:34; J 19:24; B 6:6.ⓑ throw τινί τι Mt 15:26; Mk 7:27. τὶ ἔμπροσθέν τινος Mt 7:6 (β.= throw something before animals: Aesop, Fab. 275b H./158 P./163 H.). τὶ ἀπό τινος throw someth. away (fr. someone) Mt 5:29f; 18:8f (Teles p. 60, 2 ἀποβάλλω of the eye). τὶ ἔκ τινος: ὕδωρ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὀπίσω τινός spew water out of the mouth after someone Rv 12:15f; β. ἔξω = ἐκβάλλειν throw out J 12:31 v.l.; 2 Cl 7:4; s. ἐκβάλλω 1. Of worthless salt Mt 5:13; Lk 14:35; of bad fish throw away Mt 13:48 (cp. Κυπρ. I p. 44 no. 43 κόπρια βάλλειν probably = throw refuse away); τὶ ἐπί τινα: throw stones at somebody J 8:7, 59 (cp. Sir 22:20; 27:25; Jos., Vi. 303); in a vision of the future dust on one’s head Rv 18:19; as an expression of protest τὶ εἴς τι dust into the air Ac 22:23 (D εἰς τ. οὐρανόν toward the sky); cast, throw nets into the lake Mt 4:18; J 21:6; cp. vs. 7; a fishhook Mt 17:27 (cp. Is 19:8). Pass., into the sea, lake Mt 13:47; Mk 9:42; βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν throw yourself into the sea Mt 21:21; Mk 11:23.— Throw into the fire (Jos., Ant. 10, 95 and 215) Mt 3:10; Mk 9:22; Lk 3:9; J 15:6; into Gehenna Mt 5:29; 18:9b; 2 Cl 5:4; into the stove Mt 6:30; 13:42, 50 (cp. Da 3:21); Lk 12:28; 2 Cl 8:2. β. ἑαυτὸν κάτω throw oneself down Mt 4:6; Lk 4:9 (cp. schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1212–14a εἰς τὸν κρημνὸν ἑαυτὸν ἔβαλε; Jos., Bell. 4, 28).—Rv 8:7f; 12:4, 9 (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 57; 28 p. 264, 18 of throwing out of heaven ἐκβληθέντα κατελθεῖν εἰς Ἅιδου), 13; 14:19; 18:21; 19:20; 20:3, 10, 14f; thrown into a grave AcPlCor 2:32 (cp. τὰ νεκρούμενα καὶ εἰς γῆν βαλλόμενα Just., A I, 18, 6).—Of physical disability βεβλημένος lying (Jos., Bell. 1, 629) ἐπὶ κλίνης β. Mt 9:2; cp. Mk 7:30. Throw on a sickbed Rv 2:22. Pass. abs. (Conon [I B.C./I A.D.] 26 Fgm. 1, 17 Jac. βαλλομένη θνήσκει) lie on a sickbed (cp. Babrius 103, 4 κάμνων ἐβέβλητο [ἔκειτο L-P.]) Mt 8:6, 14. ἐβέβλητο πρὸς τὸν πυλῶνα he lay before the door Lk 16:20 (ἐβέβλητο as Aesop, Fab. 284 H.; Jos., Ant. 9, 209; Field, Notes 70).—Fig. εἰς ἀθυμίαν β. τινά plunge someone into despondency 1 Cl 46:9.ⓒ to cause or to let fall down, let fall of a tree dropping its fruit Rv 6:13; throw down 18:21a, to destruction ibid. b.② to force out of or into a place, throw (away), drive out, expel ἐβλήθη ἔξω he is (the aor. emphasizes the certainty of the result, and is gnomic [B-D-F §333; Rob. 836f; s. Hdb. ad loc.]) thrown away/out, i.e. expelled fr. the fellowship J 15:6. drive out into the desert B 7:8; throw into prison Mt 18:30; Rv 2:10 (Epict. 1, 1, 24; 1, 12, 23; 1, 29, 6 al.; PTebt 567 [53/54 A.D.]). Pass. be thrown into the lions’ den 1 Cl 45:6 (cp. Da 6:25 Theod. v.l.; Bel 31 Theod. v.l.); εἰς τὸ στάδιον AcPl Ha 4, 13. Fig. love drives out fear 1J 4:18.③ to put or place someth. in a location, put, place, apply, lay, bringⓐ w. simple obj. κόπρια β. put manure on, apply m. Lk 13:8 (POxy 934, 9 μὴ οὖν ἀμελήσῃς τοῦ βαλεῖν τὴν κόπρον).ⓑ w. indication of the place to which τὶ εἴς τι: put money into the temple treasury Mk 12:41–44; Lk 21:1–4 (in the context Mk 12:43f; Lk 21:3f suggest sacrifical offering by the widow); τὰ βαλλόμενα contributions (s. γλωσσόκομον and cp. 2 Ch 24:10) J 12:6; put a finger into an ear when healing Mk 7:33; difft. J 20:25, 27 (exx. from medical lit. in Rydbeck 158f); to determine virginal purity by digital exploration GJs 19:3; put a sword into the scabbard J 18:11; place bits into mouths Js 3:3; εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν take into the pool J 5:7; cp. Ox 840, 33f; πολλὰ θηρία εἰς τὸν Παῦλον many animals let loose against Paul AcPl Ha 5, 4f (here β. suggests the rush of the animals); β. εἰς τὴν καρδίαν put into the heart J 13:2 (cp. Od. 1, 201; 14, 269; Pind., O. 13, 16 [21] πολλὰ δʼ ἐν καρδίαις ἔβαλον; schol. on Pind., P. 4, 133; Plut., Timol. 237 [3, 2]; Herm. Wr. 6, 4 θεῷ τῷ εἰς νοῦν μοι βαλόντι). Of liquids: pour (Epict. 4, 13, 12; PLond III, 1177, 46 p. 182 [113 A.D.]; Judg 6:19 B) wine into skins Mt 9:17; Lk 5:37f; water into a basin (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 18 [Stone p. 62] βάλε ὕδωρ ἐπὶ τῆς λεκάνης ἵνα νίψωμεν τοὺς πόδας τοῦ ξένου [cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 1 [Stone p. 8] ἔνεγκέ μοι ἐπὶ τῆς λ.]; Vi. Aesopi W 61 p. 92, 29f P. βάλε ὕδωρ εἰς τ. λεκάνην καὶ νίψον μου τοὺς πόδας; PGM 4, 224; 7, 319 βαλὼν εἰς αὐτὸ [the basin] ὕδωρ) J 13:5; wormwood in honey Hm 5, 1, 5; ointment on the body Mt 26:12.—βάρος ἐπί τινα put a burden on some one Rv 2:24. δρέπανον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν swing the sickle on the earth as on a harvest field Rv 14:19. Cp. ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὰς χείρας J 7:44 v.l. (s. ἐπιβάλλω 1b). Lay down crowns (wreaths) before the throne Rv 4:10.ⓒ other usage ῥίζας β. send forth roots, take root like a tree, fig. (Polemon, Decl. 2, 54 ὦ ῥίζας ἐξ ἀρετῆς βαλλόμενος) 1 Cl 39:8 (Job 5:3).④ to bring about a change in state or condition, εἰρήνην, μάχαιραν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν bring peace, the sword on earth Mt 10:34 (Jos., Ant. 1, 98 ὀργὴν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν βαλεῖν); χάριν ἐπʼ αὐτήν God showed her (Mary) favor GJs 7:3. τὶ ἐνώπιόν τινος: σκάνδαλον place a stumbling-block Rv 2:14.⑤ to entrust money to a banker for interest, deposit money (τί τινι as Quint. Smyrn. 12, 250 in a difft. context) w. the bankers (to earn interest; cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 59 τὸ βαλλόμενον κέρμα; so also Diog. L. 2, 20) Mt 25:27.⑥ to move down suddenly and rapidly, rush down, intr. (Hom.; Epict. 2, 20, 10; 4, 10, 29; POslo 45, 2; En 18:6 ὄρη … εἰς νότον βάλλοντα ‘in a southern direction’. Cp. Rdm.2 23; 28f; Rob. 799; JStahl, RhM 66, 1911, 626ff) ἔβαλεν ἄνεμος a storm rushed down Ac 27:14. (s. Warnecke 36 n. 9).—B. 673. Schmidt, Syn. III 150–66. DELG. M-M. TW. -
86 διακονία
διακονία, ας, ἡ (s. διακονέω, διάκονος; Thu. et al.; IG XII/5, 600, 14 [III B.C.]; PFouad 25 verso I, 1 [II A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:58; Esth 6:3, 5 [both v.l.]; TestJob 11:1ff, 15:1; Joseph.)① service rendered in an intermediary capacity, mediation, assignment, δ. τῆς λειτουργίας mediation of this public obligation 2 Cor 9:12; cp. 13. ἡ δ. ἡ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ my embassy in behalf of J. (=my role as delivery agent [for the gift] for J. The v.l. δωροφορία indicates that δ. denotes intermediary function; the context informs the reader that the mission involves the bringing of a gift) Ro 15:31; cp. 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1.—On the ‘collection’: ELombard, RTP 35, 1902, 113–39; 262–81; MGoguel, RHPR 4, 1925, 301–18; KNickle, The Collection ’66.—πνεύματα εἰς δ. ἀποστελλόμενα spirits sent out on assignment Hb 1:14.ⓐ gener. service πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τ. ἁγίων εἰς ἔργον διακονίας to prepare God’s people for productive service Eph 4:12 (the rendering [as later edd. of RSV, also NRSV, REB] assumes that no comma, as in KJV, RV, RSV1, JB et al., is to be placed before εἰς [difft. 3 below]); δ. τοῦ λόγου Ac 6:4; ἡ ὑμῶν δ. service to you 2 Cor 11:8.—1 Cor 16:15; 2 Ti 4:11; Rv 2:19.ⓑ specif. engagement in preparations for a social event, such as a meal (s. Plut., Philopoem. 357 [2, 3]: a Megarian hostess mistakes the statesman P. for one of his aides and sets him to chop wood as part of the διάκονια or preparations for a meal; Jos., Ant. 2, 65; 11, 163 διακονεῖν τινι τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ πότου διακονίαν) περιεσπᾶτο περὶ πολλὴν δ. (Martha) was distracted w. many preparations Lk 10:40.③ functioning in the interest of a larger public, service, office of the prophets and apostles 1 Ti 1:12; κλῆρος τῆς δ. Ac 1:17; τόπος τῆς δ. vs. 25. Of the service of the Levites 1 Cl 40:5; the office of an ecclesiastical overseer IPhld 1:1; 10:2; ISm 12:1; Hs 9, 27, 2; δ. λαμβάνειν receive a ministry Ac 20:24. διαιρέσεις διακονιῶν 1 Cor 12:5; δ. τοῦ θανάτου ministry of death: of the OT law 2 Cor 3:7. Also δ. τῆς κατακρίσεως min. of condemnation vs. 9. Opp. δ. τῆς δικαιοσύνης min. of righteousness ibid.; δ. τοῦ πνεύματος min. of the Spirit vs. 8 of service in behalf of the Gospel; cp. Ac 21:19; Ro 11:13; 2 Cor 4:1; 6:3; Col 4:17; 2 Ti 4:5; δ. τῆς καταλλαγῆς ministry of reconciliation 2 Cor 5:18; τὴν δ. τελέσαι carry out this assignment Hm 2:6; concerning obedience and exhortation 12, 3, 3; Hs 1:9; 2:7. τελειῶσαι … τὴν δʼ discharge … my responsibility Ac 20:34.—Eph 4:12 belongs here if, with KJV, RV, RSV1 et al. and contrary to N. and other edd., a comma is placed before εἰς (s. Collins [at 5, end, below] 233f).④ rendering of specific assistance, aid, support (Arrian, Peripl. 3, 1 εἰς διακονίαν=for support), esp. of alms and charitable giving (AcThom 59 [Aa II/2, 176, 2] χρήματα πολλὰ εἰς διακονίαν τῶν χηρῶν=much money to take care of the widows) Ac 6:1. εἰς δ. πέμψαι τί τινι send someone someth. for support 11:29; cp. 12:25.⑤ an administrative function, service as attendant, aide, or assistant (Eng. loanw. ‘deacon’; Hippol., Ref. 7, 36, 3) Ro 12:7 (Ltzm., ZWT 55, 1913, 110); IMg 6:1; IPhld 10:2; Hs 9, 26, 2.—PAbbing, Diakonia, diss. Utrecht ’50; BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos usw. ’51, 19–164; RAC III 909–17; WBrandt, Dienst u. Duienen im NT ’31 (diss. Münster: Diakonie u. das NT, 1923); JCollins, Diakonia ’90.—DELG s.v. διάκονος. M-M. TW. Sv. -
87 κενός
κενός, ή, όν (Hom.+) gener. ‘empty’① pert. to being without someth. material, empty (TestJob 10:4; GrBar 12:6; Jos., Vi. 167) κεράμιον empty jar Hm 11:15. σκεῦος (4 Km 4:3) m 11:13. κ. ἀποστέλλειν τινά send someone away empty-handed (cp. PRein 55, 9 [III A.D.] μὴ ἀναπέμψῃς αὐτὸν κενόν; Gen 31:42; Dt 15:13; Job 22:9) Mk 12:3; cp. Lk 1:53; 20:10f.② pert. to being devoid of intellectual, moral, or spiritual value, empty fig. extension of mng. 1ⓐ of things: without content, without any basis, without truth, without power κ. λόγοι empty words (Pla., Laches 196b; Menand., Mon. 512 [752 J.] Mei.; Herm. Wr. 16, 2; Ex 5:9; Dt 32:47; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 225; TestNapht 3:1.—PParis 15, 68 [120 B.C.] φάσει κενῇ) 1 Cor 3:18 D; Eph 5:6; Dg 8:2; AcPl Ox 6, 13 (cp. Aa I 241, 14); cp. D 2:5. πνεῦμα Hm 11:11, 17. κ. ἀπάτη empty deceit Col 2:8 (cp. Arrian, Anab. 5, 10, 4 κενὸς φόβος=false alarm). Of the things of everyday life vain Hm 5, 2, 2. τρυφή 12, 2, 1. πεποίθησις Hs 9, 22, 3. Of preaching and faith 1 Cor 15:14ab (cp. the theme of ‘empty hope’ Reader, Polemo p. 313); Js 2:20 P74 (cp. Demosth. 18, 150 κ. πρόφασις; Aeschyl., Pers. 804 κ. ἐλπίς; cp. Wsd 3:11; Sir 34:1). As κ. =μάταιος (1 Cor 15:17), the two words are found together in the same sense (cp. Demosth. 2, 12; Plut., Artox. 1018 [15, 6], Mor. 1117a; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 21, 5 κενὰ καὶ μάταια of oracles; Hos 12:2; Job 20:18; EpArist 205) 1 Cl 7:2; cp. κενὴ ματαιολογία Pol 2:1.ⓑ of pers. (Pind. et al.; Soph., Ant. 709; Plut., Mor. 541a ἀνόητοι καὶ κενοί; Epict. 2, 19, 8; 4, 4, 35; Judg 9:4; 11:3 B; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 311; Just., D. 64, 2 οἱ προφῆται οἱ κενοί): foolish, senseless, empty Hm 12, 4, 5. οἱ προφῆται οἱ κενοί 11:15. ἄνθρωπος κ. Js 2:20; Pol 6:3; τῶν δούλων τοῦ θεοῦ τῶν κ. Hs 6, 2, 1. ἄνθρωπος κενὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ δικαίου empty of the upright spirit Hm 5, 2, 7. κ. ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας 11:4; ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως κ. Hs 9, 19, 2 (cp. κενοὶ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἀγάπης Iren. 4, 33, 7 [Harv. II 261, 2]). In paronomasia (cp. Job 27:12) αὐτὸς κ. ὢν κενὰς καὶ ἀποκρίνεται κενοῖς he himself, empty (of God’s Spirit) as he is, gives empty answers to empty people m 11:3.—Vs. 13.③ pert. to being without purpose or result, in vain κενὰ μελετᾶν imagine vain things Ac 4:25 (Ps 2:1). κενὸν γενέσθαι be in vain: ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη 1 Cor 15:10. ἡ εἴσοδος ἡμῶν ἡ πρὸς ὑμᾶς οὐ κ. γέγονεν 1 Th 2:1. κόπος 1 Cor 15:58.—εἰς κενόν in vain, to no purpose (Diod S 19, 9, 5; Heliod. 10, 30; PPetr II, 37, 1b recto, 12 [III B.C.]; Kaibel 646, 10; Lev 26:20; Is 29:8; 65:23; Jer 6:29; TestJob 24:2 [εἰς τὸ κ. codd., S. and V. with Job 2:9f]; Jos., Ant. 19, 27; 96) 2 Cor 6:1. εἰς κ. τρέχειν run in vain (cp. Menand., Mon. 51 Mei. ἀνὴρ ἄβουλος εἰς κ. μοχθεῖ τρέχων) Gal 2:2; Phil 2:16a, echoed in Pol 9:2; cp. Phil 2:16b; 1 Th 3:5.—B. 932. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
88 στόμα
στόμα, ατος, τό (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.).① mouthⓐ of humans or of beings whose appearance resembles that of humans: Mt 15:11a, 17; J 19:29; Ac 11:8; 23:2; 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6); Rv 11:5.—Used in imagery Rv 1:16; 2:16; 3:16; 10:9f (cp. Ezk 3:1ff); 19:15, 21.—As an organ of speech Mt 15:11b, 18 (cp. Num 32:24); 21:16 (Ps 8:3); Lk 4:22; 11:54; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14); Eph 4:29; Js 3:10 (cp. Aesop, Fab. 35 P.=64 H./60 Ch./35 H-H.: ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ στόματος τὸ θερμὸν καὶ τὸ ψυχρὸν ἐξιεῖς=out of the same mouth you send forth warm and cold [of the person who blows in his hands to warm them, and on his food to cool it off]); 1 Cl 15:3 (Ps 61:5), 4 (Ps 77:36); 2 Cl 9:10; B 11:8; Hm 3:1. ἀπόθεσθε αἰσχρολογίαν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὑμῶν put away shameful speech from your mouth = don’t let any dirty talk cross your lips Col 3:8. ἀκούειν τι ἐκ τοῦ στόματός τινος Ac 22:14; 2 Cl 13:3; B 16:10 (cp. ParJer 6:24); ἀκ. ἀπὸ τοῦ στ. τινος (Polyaenus 8, 36 ἀπὸ στόματος τῆς ἀδελφῆς) Lk 22:71; ἀκ. τι διὰ τοῦ στ. τινος Ac 1:4 D; 15:7.—ἀνεῴχθη τὸ στ. αὐτοῦ (of a mute person) his mouth was opened (Wsd 10:21) Lk 1:64, words could now come out, as REB renders: ‘his lips and tongue were freed’. ἀνοίγειν τὸ στόμα τινός open someone’s mouth for him and cause him to speak 1 Cl 18:15 (cp. Ps 50:17). ἀνοίγειν τὸ (ἑαυτοῦ) στόμα open one’s (own) mouth to speak (ApcMos 21; ApcrEzk; s. ἀνοίγω 5a) Mt 5:2; 13:35 (Ps 77:2); Ac 8:35; 10:34; 18:14; GEb 34:60. οὐκ ἀνοίγει τὸ στ. αὐτοῦ=he is silent Ac 8:32; 1 Cl 16:7 (both Is 53:7; cp. Mel., P. 64; 462). For ἄνοιξις τοῦ στόματος Eph 6:19 s. ἄνοιξις. On στόμα πρὸς στόμα λαλεῖν speak face to face 2J 12; 3J 14 s. πρός 3aε. On ἵνα πᾶν στ. φραγῇ Ro 3:19 s. φράσσω.—There is no δόλος or ψεῦδος in the mouth of the upright Rv 14:5; 1 Cl 50:6 (Ps 31:2); esp. of God’s ‘Servant’ (Is 53:9) 1 Pt 2:22; 1 Cl 16:10; Pol 8:1.—στόμα stands for the person in the capacity of speaker (3 Km 17:24; 22:22; 2 Ch 36:21f): ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ Mt 12:34 (καρδία … στ. as TestNapht 2:6). διὰ στόματός τινος (ApcMos 16f; B-D-F §140) by (the lips of) someone Lk 1:70; Ac 1:16; 3:18, 21.—ἐν ἑνὶ στόματι with one voice (ἓν στόμα Aristoph., Equ. 670; Pla., Rep. 364a, Laws 1, 634e; Ael. Aristid. 51, 40 K.=I p. 544 D.; PGiss 36, 12 [161 B.C.] αἱ τέτταρες λέγουσαι ἐξ ἑνὸς στόματος; Pla., Rep. 364a) Ro 15:6; cp. 1 Cl 34:7.—For Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1; Lk 19:22; Lk 21:15 s. 2.ⓑ of God (Dexippus of Athens [III A.D.]: 100 Fgm. 1, 7 Jac. ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ μαρτυρία διὰ στόματος; Theognis18; ParJer 6:12) Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3); 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:20).ⓒ of animals and animal-like beings, mouth, jaws, of a fish (PGM 5, 280ff) Mt 17:27. Of horses Js 3:3; cp. Rv 9:17–9; a weasel B 10:8; lion (Judg 14:8) Hb 11:33; Rv 13:2; in imagery 2 Ti 4:17; an apocalyptic monster (Diod S 3, 70, 4 the Aegis: ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ἐκβάλλον φλόγα) Rv 12:15, 16b; 16:13abc; Hv 4, 1, 6; 4, 2, 4 (cp. Da 6:22 Theod.; JosAs 12:10).② the product of the organ of speech, utterance, mouth. By metonymy for what the mouth utters ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων (Dt 19:15) Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1. ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου κρινῶ σε Lk 19:22. ἐγὼ δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα καὶ σοφίαν I will give you eloquence and wisdom Lk 21:15. S. also 1a.③ a geological fissure, mouth in imagery of the earth in which a fissure is opened (s. Gen 4:11) ἤνοιξεν ἡ γῆ τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς Rv 12:16a.④ the foremost part of someth., edge fig. ext. of 1. The sword, like the jaws of a wild animal, devours people; hence acc. to OT usage (but s. Philostrat., Her. 19, 4 στ. τῆς αἰχμῆς; Quint. Smyrn. 1, 194; 813 and s. μάχαιρα 1; cp. στ.=‘point’ of a sword Hom. et al.; στόμα πολέμου Polemo Soph. B8 Reader p. 134) στόμα μαχαίρης the edge of the sword = the voracious sword (Josh 19:48; Sir 28:18; s. also μάχαιρα 1, end) Lk 21:24; Hb 11:34.—B. 228; esp. 860. DELG. M-M. TW. -
89 ἀσπάζομαι
ἀσπάζομαι fut. ptc. ἀσπασομένους 3 Macc. 1:8; 1 aor. ἠσπασάμην (s. next entry; Hom.+) ‘greet’.① to engage in hospitable recognition of another (w. varying degrees of intimacy), greet, welcome τινά someone Just., A I, 65, 2ⓐ through word or gesture or both: of those entering a house Mt 10:12; Lk 1:40; Ac 21:19; Hv 5:1. Of those meeting others (Jos., Ant. 8, 321) Lk 10:4; welcome, greet someone (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 12) Mk 9:15; Hv 1, 1, 4; 1, 2, 2; 4, 2, 2; AcPl Ha 7:38; 8:3. Of those departing take leave of (X., An. 7, 1, 8; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 68, 7 Jac.; Plut., Aemil. P. 270 [29, 1] ἀσπασάμενος ἀνέζευξεν) Ac 20:1, 12 D; 21:6 v.l.; AcPl Ha 5, 13.—Mt 5:47 ἀ. here denotes more than a perfunctory salutation and requires some such rendering as spend time in warm exchange (cp. X., Cyr. 1, 4, 1; Ael. Aristid. 31, 6 K.=11 p. 128 D.; Aelian, VH 9, 4; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 79 §322 τ. ἐναντίους); w. ἀγαπάω (vs. 46), of which it is almost a synonym (as Plut., Mor. 143b; s. HAlmqvist, Plut. u. das NT, ’46, 34; Ptolem., Apotel. 1, 3, 17.—W. φιλέω: Hierocles 19, 460; opp. μισέω: Simplicius in Epict. p. 31, 6). See FPorporato, Verb. Domini 11, ’31, 15–22.—Freq. in written greetings (cp. the exx. in Ltzm., Griech. Papyri [Kleine Texte 14]2 1910, nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13.—FZiemann, De Epistularum Graec. Formulis Soll., diss. Halle 1911, 325ff; FXJExler, The Form of the Ancient Gk. Letter 1923; ORoller, D. Formular d. paul. Briefe ’33, 67ff; HKoskenniemi, Studien z. Idee u. Phraseologie d. griech. Briefes ’56, 148ff); the impv. may be transl. greetings to ( someone) or remember me to ( someone); other moods than impv. may be rendered wish to be remembered, greet, send greetings Ro 16:3, 5ff; 1 Cor 16:19f; 2 Cor 13:12; Phil 4:21f; Col 4:10, 12, 14f; 2 Ti 4:19, 21; Tit 3:15; Phlm 23; Hb 13:24; 1 Pt 5:13f; 2J 13; 3J 15; IMg ins; 15; ITr ins; 12:1; 13:1; IRo ins; 9:3; IPhld ins; 11:2; ISm 11:1; 12:1f; 13:1f; IPol 8:2f. Another person than the writer of the letter sometimes adds greetings of his own Ro 16:22 (sim. POxy 1067, 25 κἀγὼ Ἀλέξανδρος ἀσπάζομαι ὑμᾶς πολλά). ἀ. πολλά (besides the pap just mentioned also PParis 18, 3 [Dssm., B 215]; POxy 930, 22; 935, 22; PGrenf II, 73, 4 [=Ltzm. Pap. nos. 13, 14, 15]) greet warmly 1 Cor 16:19; ἀ. κατʼ ὄνομα (PParis 18, 15 [Dssm., B 216]; POxy 930, 26 [=Ltzm. Pap. no. 13]) greet by name 3J 15; ISm 13:2 (πάντας κατʼ ὄνομα as PMich 206, 20ff [II A.D.]); ἄσπασαι τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει (PFay 119, 25ff ἀσπάζου τοὺς φιλοῦντες [sic] ἡμᾶς πρὸς ἀλήθιαν. Sim. BGU 814, 38) Tit 3:15. Among friends the greeting is accompanied by a kiss (Ps.-Lucian, De Asin. 17 φιλήμασιν ἠσπάζοντο ἀλλήλους; Heliod. 10, 6; φιλήματι Just., A I, 65, 2; cp. the apocryphal preface Ath. 32, 3 [Resch, Agrapha 137]), hence: ἀ. ἐν φιλήματι Ro 16:16; 1 Cor 16:20; 2 Cor 13:12; 1 Th 5:26; 1 Pt 5:14. Of homage to a king hail, acclaim (Dionys. Hal. 4, 39; Plut., Pomp. 624 [12, 4]; 13, 7; cp. Jos., Ant. 10, 211) Mk 15:18 (cp. Philo, In Flacc. 38).ⓑ of short friendly visits, ‘look in on’ Ac 18:22; 21:7; IRo 1:1. Of official visits pay one’s respects to (Sb 8247, 13; 15 [II A.D.]; BGU 248, 12; 347 I, 3 and II, 2; 376 I, 3; Jos., Ant. 1, 290; 6, 207) Ac 25:13 (OGI 219, 43 [III B.C.]) s. Schwyzer II 301, also 297. Of the greeting given to a priest in a liturgical service τοῦ ἀσπάσασθαι αὐτὸν ἐν εὐχῇ to greet him with prayer GJs 24:1.② to express happiness about the arrival of someth., welcome, greet, fig. ext. of 1 in ref. to someth. intangible (Eur., Ion 587; Chariton 6, 7, 12; Alciphron 1, 3, 3; Diog. L. σοφίαν ἀσπαζόμενος; POxy 41, 17 τὴν παρʼ ὑμῶν τιμήν; CPR 30 II, 39; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 21; Jos., Ant. 6, 82; 7, 187; TestGad 3:3; Just.) τὰς ἐπαγγελίας the promises Hb 11:13.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
90 ἐκλέγομαι
ἐκλέγομαι impf. ἐξελεγόμην; fut. ἐκλέξομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἐξελεξάμην. Pass. 2 aor. ἐξελέγην; pf. pass. ἐκλέλεγμαι, ptc. ἐκλελεγμένος Lk 9:35 (Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 6:2; 7:1; TestJob 9:4; Test12Patr; JosAs cod. A [p. 68, 20 and 71:15 Bat.]; EpArist; Joseph., Just.; Mel., P. 83, 622 ; the act. does not occur in our lit.)[b]① to pick out someone or someth., choose (for oneself) τινά (τί) someone (someth.) w. indication of that from which the selection is made τινὰ ἔκ τινος (Isocr. 9, 58; 2 Km 24:12; 2 Ch 33:7; Sir 45:4; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 16 and18 Jac.; ἐκ τῶν γραφῶν Iren. 1, 19, 1 [Harv. I 175, 9; of the ‘eclecticism’ of dissidents]) choose someone fr. among a number πάντων 1 Cl 59:3; of two Ac 1:24. ὑμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου J 15:19. ἐξ αὐτῶν Hs 9, 9, 3. ἐκλεξαμένους ἄνδρας ἐξ αὐτῶν πέμψαι to choose men fr. among them and to send them Ac 15:22, cp. 25. For this τινὰ ἀπό τινος (Dt 14:2; Sir 45:16; Just. D. 27, 1 ἀπὸ τῶν προφητικῶν λόγων): ἀπʼ αὐτῶν δώδεκα twelve of them Lk 6:13.② to make a choice in accordance with significant preference, select someone/someth. for oneself, w. simple acc.ⓐ w. acc. of pers. (Jo 2:16; Bar 3:27; 1 Macc 10:32; Jos., Ant. 7, 372 God chooses Solomon; Just., D. 17, 1 ἄνδρας; Mel., P. 83 [Bodm.] σέ): Mk 13:20; J 13:18; 15:16; GEb 19, 85 and 34, 60. Jesus 1 Cl 64. The twelve J 6:70; PtK 3 p. 15, 17. The apostles Ac 1:2; B 5:9. Stephen Ac 6:5. A faithful slave Hs 5, 2, 2. Of God: the ancestors (as God’s own) Ac 13:17 (oft. LXX, cp. Dt 4:37; 10:15).ⓑ w. acc. of thing (X., Mem. 1, 6, 14; Pla., Leg. 2, 670d, Tim. p. 24c; Demosth. 18, 261 et al.; PMagd 29, 4 [III B.C.]=PEnteux 66, 4 τ. βέλτιστον τόπον; Is 40:20; 1 Macc 7:37; 2 Ch 35:19d; Jos., Bell. 2, 149 τόπους; Just., A I, 43, 7 τὰ καλά; Hippol., Ref. 5, 9, 20): B 21:1; good part Lk 10:42; places of honor 14:7; a good place Hv 3, 1, 3; a fast B 3:1, 3 (Is 58:5f).ⓒ w. indication of the purpose for which the choice is made:α. εἴς τι for someth. (Ps 32:12; Just., D. 67, 2 ἐκλεγήναι εἰς Χριστόν) eternal life Hv 4, 3, 5. εἰς τὸ ἱερατεύειν to be priest 1 Cl 43:4.β. w. ἵνα foll. 1 Cor 1:27f.γ. w. inf. foll. (1 Ch 15:2; 28:5; 1 Esdr 5:1) ἐξελέξατο ἡμᾶς εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἁγίους he has chosen us that we might be holy Eph 1:4. Without obj. ἐν ὑμῖν ἐξελέξατο ὁ θεὸς διὰ τοῦ στόματός μου ἀκοῦσαι in your presence God chose that (they) were to hear through my mouth Ac 15:7. W. ellipsis of the inf. ἐξελέξατο τοὺς πτωχοὺς (sc. εἶναι) πλουσίους (God) chose the poor that they might be rich Js 2:5.δ. abs.: ἐκλελεγμένος chosen of Jesus, as God’s child Lk 9:35 (cp. ὸ̔ν ὁ πατὴρ … ἐξελέξατο διὰ λόγου εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν αὐτοῦ Iren. 1, 15, 3 [Harv. I 150, 6]; ἀγαπητός is found in the parallels Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7, and in Lk as v.l.; it = ἐκλελεγμένος also Vett. Val. 17, 2). Of Christians 1 Cl 50:7; cp. Pol 1:1. Of the church IEph ins.③ gather in a crop, gather ἐξ ἀκανθῶν ἐκλέγονται σῦκα Lk 6:44 D; s. συλλέγω.—HRowley, The Biblical Doctrine of Election, ’50.—DELG s.v. λέγω. M-M s.v. ἐκλέγω. TW. -
91 ἐπιστολή
ἐπιστολή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἐπιστέλλω) letter, epistle (so Eur., Thu.+; loanw. in rabb.) 2 Cor 7:8; 2 Th 3:17; 1 Cl 47:1; 63:2; IEph 12:2; ISm 11:3; Pol 13:2b. διʼ ἐπιστολῆς (Diod S 19, 48, 1; Polyaenus 7, 39; 53rd letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 358, 9]; Ps.-Demetr., Form. Ep. p. 5, 10; BGU 884, 6; 1046 II, 5) by a letter 2 Th 2:2 (Vi. Aesopi W 104 P. ἐ. ὡς ἐκ τοῦ Αἰσώπου; Polyaenus 8, 50 of two dead persons ὡς ἔτι ζώντων ἐπιστολή), vs. 15, cp. 3:14. γράφειν ἐπιστολήν (Diod S 17, 39, 2; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 207) Ac 15:23 D; 23:25 (on the specific type of administrative communication s. Taubenschlag, OpMin II 722, w. ref. to PTebt 45, 27); Ro 16:22; ἐν τῇ ἐ. 1 Cor 5:9 (ἐν τῇ ἐ.=‘in the letter known to you’ [s. ὁ 2a] as ChronLind B 14 ἐν τᾷ ἐπιστολᾷ; Hyperid. 3, 25 ἐν τ. ἐπιστολαῖς; Pla., Ep. 7, 345c ἡ ἐ.=the letter [known to you]). ταύτην δευτέραν ὑμῖν γράφω ἐ. 2 Pt 3:1 (cp. BGU 827, 20 ἰδοὺ τρίτην ἐπιστολήν σοι γράφω. PMich 209, 5 δευτέραν ἐπιστολὴν ἔπεμψά σοι). ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰωάννου προτέρας ἐ. Papias (2:17); αἱ δύο ἐπιστολαὶ αἱ μικραί Papias (11:1); άναδιδόναι τὴν ἐπιστολήν τινι deliver the letter to someone Ac 23:33. Also ἐπιδιδόναι 15:30. διαπέμπεσθαι send MPol 20:1. διακονεῖν care for 2 Cor 3:3. ἀναγινώσκειν (X., An. 1, 6, 4; 1 Macc 10:7; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 37) 3:2; Col 4:16; 1 Th 5:27. In all probability the plur. in our lit.—even Ac 9:2; Pol 3:2—always means more than one letter, not a single one (as Eur., Iph. A. 111; 314; Thu. 1, 132, 5; 4, 50, 2, also M. Iulius Brutus, Ep. 1, 1 [fr. Mithridates]; 1 Macc 10:3, 7; Jos., Ant. 10, 15; 16): διʼ ἐπιστολῶν with letters 1 Cor 16:3. τῷ λόγῳ διʼ ἐπιστολῶν ἀπόντες (do someth.) through word by means of letters, when we are absent 2 Cor 10:11 (cp. UPZ 69, 3 [152 B.C.] ἀπόντος μου … διὰ τοῦ ἐπιστολίου); vs. 9; ἐ. βαρεῖαι καὶ ἰσχυραί the letters are weighty and powerful vs. 10. ἔγραψεν ὑμῖν ὡς καὶ ἐν πάσαις ἐ. 2 Pt 3:16. ἐ. συστατικαί letters of recommendation 2 Cor 3:1 (s. on συστατικός). ἐπιστολὰς πέμπειν (Ps.-Demosth. 11, 17; Diod S 17, 23, 6 ἔπεμψεν ἐπιστολάς=letters; OGI 42, 6; 2 Macc 11:34) IPol 8:1; cp. Pol 13:2a. ἐπιστολὴ πρός τινα a letter to someone (2 Esdr 12:7; 2 Macc 11:27; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 111) Ac 9:2; 22:5 (letters empowering someone to arrest people and deliver them to the authorities in the capital city, as PTebt 315, 29ff [II A.D.]); 2 Cor 3:1 (πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἢ ἐξ ὑμῶν).—Later epistolary subscriptions to the NT letters, as well as B, 1 Cl, 2 Cl.—GBahr, Paul and Letter Writing in the First Century, CBQ 28, ’66, 465–77; JWhite, Light fr. Ancient Letters ’86, 3–20, 221–24 lit. Lit. on χαίρω 2b. B. 1286; RAC II 564–85.—DELG s.v. στέλλω. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
92 ὁρίζω
ὁρίζω (ὅρος) fut. 3 sg. ὁριεῖ LXX; 1 aor. ὥρισα, pf. 3 pl. ὁρίκασιν (Tat. 17, 3). Pass.: 1 aor. 3 sg. ὡρίσθη (Just., A I, 44, 12); ptc. ὁρισθείς; pf. ptc. ὡρισμένος (Aeschyl., Hdt.+)① from the basic mng., ‘to separate entities and so establish a boundary’, derives the sense ‘to define ideas or concepts’: set limits to, define, explain (X. et al. [as Ath. 6, 1] in act. and mid.) περί τινος give an explanation concerning someth. 12:1. τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ὥρισεν he defined the water and the cross together (i.e. in the section on the tree by the streams of water Ps 1:3) 11:8. Sim.② to make a determination about an entity, determine, appoint, fix, setⓐ of thingsα. expressed by the acc. προφήτης ὁρίζων τράπεζαν a prophet who orders a meal (s. τράπεζα 2) D 11:9 (w. double acc.: Πυθαγόρας … ἔσχατον ὁρίζει φύσιν Theoph. Ant. 3, 7 [p. 216, 12]).—Of time (Pla., Leg. 9 p. 864e; Demosth. 36, 26 ὁ νόμος τὸν χρόνον ὥρισεν; Epict., Ench. 51, 1; PFlor 61, 45 [85 A.D.]; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Just., D. 102, 4 χρόνους; more freq. pass., s. below) ἡμέραν Hb 4:7. ὁρ. προστεταγμένους καιρούς set appointed times Ac 17:26.—μηδὲν ὁρίζοντες μηδὲ νομοθετοῦντες without making rules or ordinances GMary 463, 29.—Pass. (SIG 495, 171; PFay 11, 16 [c. 115 B.C.]; PAmh 50, 15; PTebt 327, 12 al.) ὡρισμένοι καιροί (Diod S 1, 41, 7; cp. 16, 29, 2; Jos., Ant. 6, 78) appointed times 1 Cl 40:2. ὡρισμένης τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης after this day has been fixed Hv 2, 2, 5 (Diod S 2, 59, 5; 20, 110, 1 ὡρισμένη ἡμέρα; Herodian 1, 10, 5 ὡρισμένης ἡμέρας; Pollux 1, 67).—ὁ ὡρισμένος τόπος the appointed place 19:1 (cp. Iren. 5, 31, 2 [Harv. II 412, 1]). οἱ ὡρισμένοι νόμοι the established laws Dg 5:10. ὁ ὡρισμένος τῆς λειτουργίας κανών the established limits of (one’s) ministry 1 Cl 41:1. ἡ ὡρισμένη βουλή the definite plan Ac 2:23.—Subst. (cp. SIG 905, 14 τῶν ὁρισθέντων ἄγνοια) κατὰ τὸ ὡρισμένον in accordance with the (divine) decree Lk 22:22.β. by an inf. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 3 §12 ἀντιδοῦναι=to give as recompense; ApcMos 28 φυλάττειν; B-D-F §392, 1a) ὥρισαν … πέμψαι they determined (perh. set apart; so Field, Notes 119f and TGillieson, ET 56, ’44/45, 110) … to send Ac 11:29; by an indirect quest. 1 Cl 40:3.ⓑ of persons appoint, designate, declare: God judges the world ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν through a man whom he has appointed Ac 17:31. Pass. ὁ ὡρισμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κριτής the one appointed by God as judge 10:42. Of eccl. superintendents or overseers οἱ κατὰ τὰ πέρατα ὁρισθέντες those who are appointed in distant lands IEph 3:2. W. double acc. declare someone to be someth. (Meleag. in Anth. Pal. 12, 158, 7 σὲ γὰρ θεὸν ὥρισε δαίμων) pass. τοῦ ὁρισθέντος υἱοῦ θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει who has been declared to be the powerful son of God Ro 1:4.—DELG s.v. ὅρος. M-M. TW.
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