sĕnātus

con-sentĭo (also cosentĭo; v. infra), sensi, sensum, 4, v. n. and a

= unā sentio, to feel together: multa (corpora, i. e. substances) Quae neque conecti potuere neque intus Vitalis motus consentire atque imitari, Lucr. 2, 717 Lachm.; cf.:

consentire animam totam per membra videmus,

id. 3, 153; Scrib. Comp. 104.—

To agree, accord, harmonize with a person or thing; to assert unitedly, determine in common, decree, to unite upon something accordantly, etc. (freq and class. in prose and poetry); constr with cum, inter se, the dat., or absol. of person; and with the acc., de, ad, in, the inf.. causā, or absol. of the thing.

Lit., with personal subjects.

In a good sense, with acc. and inf.: HONC. OINO. PLOIRVME. COSENTIONT. ROMAI. DVONORO. OPTVMO. FVISE. VIRO... LVCIOM. SCIPIONE., etc. (i. e. hunc unum plurimi consentiunt Romanum bonorum optimum fuisse virum... Lucium Scipionem), inscription of the Scipios, C. I. L. 1, 32: Wordsworth, Fragm, and Spec. p. 160; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 116; and id. Sen. 17, 61:

omnes mortales unā mente consentiunt, omnia arma eorum, qui haec salva velint, contra illam pestem esse capienda,

id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; so Quint. 1, 10, 33; 2, 15, 36 al.; Tac. A. 6, 28 al.—With inf.:

seu quicquid ubique magnificum est in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,

Tac. G. 34 fin. —With de de amicitiae utilitate omnes uno ore consentiunt, Cic. Lael. 23, 86; so id. Phil. 1, 9, 21:

cum aliquo de aliquā re,

id. Ac. 2, 42. 131.—With [p. 429] cum:

consentire cum aliquā re, verbis discrepare,

Cic. Fin. 4, 26, 72:

cum his (oratoribus) philosophi consentiunt,

Quint. 2, 17, 2; so Suet. Aug. 58.—With dat.:

illis superioribus,

Quint. 2, 15, 32; so id. 5, 14, 33:

sibi ipse,

Cic. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Clu. 22, 60:

cui parti,

Quint. 5, 14, 9:

iis, quibus delectantur,

id. 5, 11, 19:

studiis alicujus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 65 al. —With adversus:

adversus maleficium omne consensimus,

Sen. Ben. 3, 6, 2:

adversus patrem cum amicis,

Val. Max. 9, 11, ext. 3.—With ad:

parvo exercitu, sed ad benevolentiam erga nos consentiente,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; id. Tusc. 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 23, 60; 2, 46, 119; id. Cat. 4, 7, 15; 4, 9, 18; cf.:

ad rem publicam conservandam,

id. Phil. 4, 4, 10:

ad decernendum triumphum,

Liv. 36, 40, 10:

ad necem ejus,

id. 39, 50, 6:

ad indutias,

Suet. Calig. 5.—With in:

in homine non, ut omne, omnia in unum consentientia, sed singulis membris suum cuique consilium,

Liv. 2, 32, 9:

in hoc non contumaciter consentio,

Quint. 11, 3, 11; cf.:

consentire in asserendā libertate,

Suet. Calig. 60: puro pioque duello quaerendas censeo itaque consentio consciscoque, old formula of voting in Liv. 1, 32, 12.—With ut:

senatus... censuit consensit conscivit ut bellum cum priscis Latinis fieret, old formula for declaring war,

Liv. 1, 32, 13.—With ne:

constat, ad alia discordes in uno adversus patrum voluntatem consensisse, ne dicerent dictatorem,

Liv. 4, 26, 7.—With acc. rei:

consensit et senatus bellum,

i. e. has voted, decreed war, Liv. 8, 6, 8:

bellum erat consensum,

id. 1, 32, 12:

consensa in posterum diem contio,

id. 24, 38, 11.—With inf.:

si consenserint possessores non vendere, quid futurum est?

Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 15. — Impers.:

de prioribus consentitur,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

inter plurimos consensum est duas esse partes,

Quint. 9, 1, 17; 5, 10, 12; Liv. 9, 7, 7; so,

consensum est, ut, etc.,

id. 30, 24, 11.—

In a bad sense, to agree to any wrong, to join in, to plot together, conspire, take part in, etc.:

neque se cum Belgis reliquis consensisse, neque contra populum Romanum omnino conjurasse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3; so id. ib. fin.:

belli faciendi causā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 18:

urbem inflammare,

id. Phil. 2, 7, 17:

quod consensisset cum Hispanis quibusdam... eum (Pompeium) comprehendere,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

ad prodendam Hannibali urbem Romanam,

Liv. 27, 9, 14:

ad aliquem opprimendum,

Nep. Dat. 5, 2:

quod undique abierat, antequam consentirent,

Liv. 23, 28, 4; so absol., id. 34, 49, 9 al.—

Transf., with inanimate subjects, to accord, agree, harmonize with, to fit, suit, etc.

With cum: sed mihi ne utiquam cor consentit cum oculorum aspectu, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 52; cf.:

cum vultus Domitii cum oratione non consentiret,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19; Quint. 11, 1, 2; 11, 3, 113; 11, 3, 122: secum ipsa (oratio;

together with sibi constet),

Cic. Univ. 3; id. Brut. 38, 141:

precor... ut vestrae mentes atque sententiae cum populi Romani voluntatibus suffragiisque consentiant,

id. Mur. 1, 1; Dig. 46, 4, 14.—

With inter se:

(pulchritudo corporis) delectat hoc ipso, quod inter se omnes partes cum quodam lepore consentiunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; Quint. 5, 7, 29.—

With dat.:

si personis, si temporibus, si locis ea quae narrantur consentiunt,

Cic. Part. Or. 9, 32; id. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. Att. 7, 3, 3; Quint. 11, 3, 65; 11, 3, 164 al.:

sibi ipsa lex,

id. 2, 4, 37.—

Absol., Lucr. 3, 170; 2, 915; 3, 154:

ratio nostra consentit, pugnat oratio, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 10:

judicationem et statum semper consentire,

Quint. 3, 11, 20:

nisi ab imo ad summum omnibus intenta nervis consentiat (cithara),

id. 2, 8, 15:

utrumque nostrum incredibili modo Consentit astrum,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 22.—Hence,

con-sentĭens, entis, P. a., agreeing, accordant, unanimous:

tanta rerum consentiens, conspirans, continuata cognatio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19:

cujus de laudibus omnium esset fama consentiens,

id. Sen. 17, 61:

animi,

id. Div. 2, 58, 119:

consilium omnis vitae,

id. Tusc. 5, 25, 72.— Abl. consentiente and -ti:

hominum consentiente auctoritate contenti non sumus?

Cic. Div. 1, 39, 84; so,

consentiente voce,

Suet. Galb. 13;

on the other hand, clamore consentienti pugnam poscunt,

Liv. 10, 40, 1.—

consensus, a, um, Part., agreed upon:

consensis quibusdam et concessis,

Gell. 15, 26, 2.

con-sentĭo (also cosentĭo; v. infra), sensi, sensum, 4, v. n. and a

= unā sentio, to feel together: multa (corpora, i. e. substances) Quae neque conecti potuere neque intus Vitalis motus consentire atque imitari, Lucr. 2, 717 Lachm.; cf.:

consentire animam totam per membra videmus,

id. 3, 153; Scrib. Comp. 104.—

To agree, accord, harmonize with a person or thing; to assert unitedly, determine in common, decree, to unite upon something accordantly, etc. (freq and class. in prose and poetry); constr with cum, inter se, the dat., or absol. of person; and with the acc., de, ad, in, the inf.. causā, or absol. of the thing.

Lit., with personal subjects.

In a good sense, with acc. and inf.: HONC. OINO. PLOIRVME. COSENTIONT. ROMAI. DVONORO. OPTVMO. FVISE. VIRO... LVCIOM. SCIPIONE., etc. (i. e. hunc unum plurimi consentiunt Romanum bonorum optimum fuisse virum... Lucium Scipionem), inscription of the Scipios, C. I. L. 1, 32: Wordsworth, Fragm, and Spec. p. 160; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 116; and id. Sen. 17, 61:

omnes mortales unā mente consentiunt, omnia arma eorum, qui haec salva velint, contra illam pestem esse capienda,

id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; so Quint. 1, 10, 33; 2, 15, 36 al.; Tac. A. 6, 28 al.—With inf.:

seu quicquid ubique magnificum est in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,

Tac. G. 34 fin. —With de de amicitiae utilitate omnes uno ore consentiunt, Cic. Lael. 23, 86; so id. Phil. 1, 9, 21:

cum aliquo de aliquā re,

id. Ac. 2, 42. 131.—With [p. 429] cum:

consentire cum aliquā re, verbis discrepare,

Cic. Fin. 4, 26, 72:

cum his (oratoribus) philosophi consentiunt,

Quint. 2, 17, 2; so Suet. Aug. 58.—With dat.:

illis superioribus,

Quint. 2, 15, 32; so id. 5, 14, 33:

sibi ipse,

Cic. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Clu. 22, 60:

cui parti,

Quint. 5, 14, 9:

iis, quibus delectantur,

id. 5, 11, 19:

studiis alicujus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 65 al. —With adversus:

adversus maleficium omne consensimus,

Sen. Ben. 3, 6, 2:

adversus patrem cum amicis,

Val. Max. 9, 11, ext. 3.—With ad:

parvo exercitu, sed ad benevolentiam erga nos consentiente,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; id. Tusc. 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 23, 60; 2, 46, 119; id. Cat. 4, 7, 15; 4, 9, 18; cf.:

ad rem publicam conservandam,

id. Phil. 4, 4, 10:

ad decernendum triumphum,

Liv. 36, 40, 10:

ad necem ejus,

id. 39, 50, 6:

ad indutias,

Suet. Calig. 5.—With in:

in homine non, ut omne, omnia in unum consentientia, sed singulis membris suum cuique consilium,

Liv. 2, 32, 9:

in hoc non contumaciter consentio,

Quint. 11, 3, 11; cf.:

consentire in asserendā libertate,

Suet. Calig. 60: puro pioque duello quaerendas censeo itaque consentio consciscoque, old formula of voting in Liv. 1, 32, 12.—With ut:

senatus... censuit consensit conscivit ut bellum cum priscis Latinis fieret, old formula for declaring war,

Liv. 1, 32, 13.—With ne:

constat, ad alia discordes in uno adversus patrum voluntatem consensisse, ne dicerent dictatorem,

Liv. 4, 26, 7.—With acc. rei:

consensit et senatus bellum,

i. e. has voted, decreed war, Liv. 8, 6, 8:

bellum erat consensum,

id. 1, 32, 12:

consensa in posterum diem contio,

id. 24, 38, 11.—With inf.:

si consenserint possessores non vendere, quid futurum est?

Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 15. — Impers.:

de prioribus consentitur,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

inter plurimos consensum est duas esse partes,

Quint. 9, 1, 17; 5, 10, 12; Liv. 9, 7, 7; so,

consensum est, ut, etc.,

id. 30, 24, 11.—

In a bad sense, to agree to any wrong, to join in, to plot together, conspire, take part in, etc.:

neque se cum Belgis reliquis consensisse, neque contra populum Romanum omnino conjurasse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3; so id. ib. fin.:

belli faciendi causā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 18:

urbem inflammare,

id. Phil. 2, 7, 17:

quod consensisset cum Hispanis quibusdam... eum (Pompeium) comprehendere,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

ad prodendam Hannibali urbem Romanam,

Liv. 27, 9, 14:

ad aliquem opprimendum,

Nep. Dat. 5, 2:

quod undique abierat, antequam consentirent,

Liv. 23, 28, 4; so absol., id. 34, 49, 9 al.—

Transf., with inanimate subjects, to accord, agree, harmonize with, to fit, suit, etc.

With cum: sed mihi ne utiquam cor consentit cum oculorum aspectu, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 52; cf.:

cum vultus Domitii cum oratione non consentiret,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19; Quint. 11, 1, 2; 11, 3, 113; 11, 3, 122: secum ipsa (oratio;

together with sibi constet),

Cic. Univ. 3; id. Brut. 38, 141:

precor... ut vestrae mentes atque sententiae cum populi Romani voluntatibus suffragiisque consentiant,

id. Mur. 1, 1; Dig. 46, 4, 14.—

With inter se:

(pulchritudo corporis) delectat hoc ipso, quod inter se omnes partes cum quodam lepore consentiunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; Quint. 5, 7, 29.—

With dat.:

si personis, si temporibus, si locis ea quae narrantur consentiunt,

Cic. Part. Or. 9, 32; id. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. Att. 7, 3, 3; Quint. 11, 3, 65; 11, 3, 164 al.:

sibi ipsa lex,

id. 2, 4, 37.—

Absol., Lucr. 3, 170; 2, 915; 3, 154:

ratio nostra consentit, pugnat oratio, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 10:

judicationem et statum semper consentire,

Quint. 3, 11, 20:

nisi ab imo ad summum omnibus intenta nervis consentiat (cithara),

id. 2, 8, 15:

utrumque nostrum incredibili modo Consentit astrum,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 22.—Hence,

con-sentĭens, entis, P. a., agreeing, accordant, unanimous:

tanta rerum consentiens, conspirans, continuata cognatio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19:

cujus de laudibus omnium esset fama consentiens,

id. Sen. 17, 61:

animi,

id. Div. 2, 58, 119:

consilium omnis vitae,

id. Tusc. 5, 25, 72.— Abl. consentiente and -ti:

hominum consentiente auctoritate contenti non sumus?

Cic. Div. 1, 39, 84; so,

consentiente voce,

Suet. Galb. 13;

on the other hand, clamore consentienti pugnam poscunt,

Liv. 10, 40, 1.—

consensus, a, um, Part., agreed upon:

consensis quibusdam et concessis,

Gell. 15, 26, 2.

cunctus, a, um, and more freq. in plur. cuncti, ae, a, adj. [contr. from conjunctus], all in a body, all together, the whole, all, entire (cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 50, 15 Müll.: cuncti significat quidem omnes, sed conjuncti et congregati; very freq. and class.).

Masc.:

senatus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

senatus populusque,

Liv. 9, 6, 7:

terrarum orbis,

Verg. A. 1, 233:

pelagi fragor,

id. ib. 1, 154:

in ordinem,

Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

a populo,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 2.—

Fem.:

Aegyptus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41:

Gallia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10:

civitas,

Sall. J. 69, 3; Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 21:

plebes,

Sall. C. 37, 1:

terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99: provincia, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 5:

gens,

Verg. G. 3, 473:

gratia,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 46:

ad cunctam militarem disciplinam,

Liv. 44, 1, 5:

vis,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 5 Dietsch:

a Graeciā,

Nep. Them. 9, 4.—

Neutr.:

vulgus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 63:

pectore,

Cat. 64, 92; Stat. Th. 5, 202.—

Plur.:

deduntque se... In dicionem... cuncti Thebano poplo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 103:

quin cuncti vivi caperentur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11 fin.:

cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium,

Sall. J. 56, 5:

prope cunctis civibus lucem ingenii sui porrigens,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184:

cunctarum exordia rerum,

Lucr. 2, 333; 4, 115:

cuncta maria terraeque patebant,

Sall. C. 10, 1:

moenia,

id. J. 57, 2:

inconsulto cuncta simul agebant,

id. C. 42, 2; cf.

agitare,

id. J. 66, 1:

Mario procedere,

id. ib. 65, 5:

deorum nutu portendi,

id. ib. 92, 2:

putas unā virtute minora,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 11 et saep.—

Poet. or in post-Aug. prose, with gen.

In the gender of the noun (cf. Rudd. 2, p. 80; Zumpt, Gram. § 430;

Kühner, Gram. II. p. 314): hominum cunctos ingenti corpore praestans,

Ov. M. 4, 631:

Baetica cunctas provinciarum diviti cultu praecedit,

Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

postquam cuncta scelerum suorum pro egregiis accipi vidit,

Tac. A. 14, 60 Nipperd. ad loc.—

In neutr. plur., with masc. or fem. gen.:

viaï cuncta,

Lucr. 5, 739; so,

terrarum,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 23:

camporum,

Tac. H. 5, 10:

curarum,

id. A. 3, 35.

cunctus, a, um, and more freq. in plur. cuncti, ae, a, adj. [contr. from conjunctus], all in a body, all together, the whole, all, entire (cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 50, 15 Müll.: cuncti significat quidem omnes, sed conjuncti et congregati; very freq. and class.).

Masc.:

senatus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

senatus populusque,

Liv. 9, 6, 7:

terrarum orbis,

Verg. A. 1, 233:

pelagi fragor,

id. ib. 1, 154:

in ordinem,

Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

a populo,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 2.—

Fem.:

Aegyptus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41:

Gallia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10:

civitas,

Sall. J. 69, 3; Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 21:

plebes,

Sall. C. 37, 1:

terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99: provincia, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 5:

gens,

Verg. G. 3, 473:

gratia,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 46:

ad cunctam militarem disciplinam,

Liv. 44, 1, 5:

vis,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 5 Dietsch:

a Graeciā,

Nep. Them. 9, 4.—

Neutr.:

vulgus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 63:

pectore,

Cat. 64, 92; Stat. Th. 5, 202.—

Plur.:

deduntque se... In dicionem... cuncti Thebano poplo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 103:

quin cuncti vivi caperentur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11 fin.:

cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium,

Sall. J. 56, 5:

prope cunctis civibus lucem ingenii sui porrigens,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184:

cunctarum exordia rerum,

Lucr. 2, 333; 4, 115:

cuncta maria terraeque patebant,

Sall. C. 10, 1:

moenia,

id. J. 57, 2:

inconsulto cuncta simul agebant,

id. C. 42, 2; cf.

agitare,

id. J. 66, 1:

Mario procedere,

id. ib. 65, 5:

deorum nutu portendi,

id. ib. 92, 2:

putas unā virtute minora,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 11 et saep.—

Poet. or in post-Aug. prose, with gen.

In the gender of the noun (cf. Rudd. 2, p. 80; Zumpt, Gram. § 430;

Kühner, Gram. II. p. 314): hominum cunctos ingenti corpore praestans,

Ov. M. 4, 631:

Baetica cunctas provinciarum diviti cultu praecedit,

Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

postquam cuncta scelerum suorum pro egregiis accipi vidit,

Tac. A. 14, 60 Nipperd. ad loc.—

In neutr. plur., with masc. or fem. gen.:

viaï cuncta,

Lucr. 5, 739; so,

terrarum,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 23:

camporum,

Tac. H. 5, 10:

curarum,

id. A. 3, 35.

dē-prĕcor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a.

To avert, ward off (from one's self or others) by earnest prayer; to deprecate; also to pray, to intercede for the averting of any evil, or to obtain pardon for any transgression (cf. Gell. 6, 16, 3).

In gen. (for syn. cf.: averto, averrunco, avoco, revoco —freq. and class.), constr. with the acc. (rei v. personae), the inf., the acc. and inf., ne, quominus, quin, and absol.

With acc. rei:

ullam ab sese calamitatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60 fin.; cf.:

ut a me quandam prope justam patriae querimoniam detester ac deprecer,

id. Cat. 1, 11: quibus servitutem mea miseria deprecor? Enn. ap. Gell. 6, 16, 9; cf.:

ego meae cum vitae parcam, letum inimico deprecer?

id. ib. §

10: qui nullum genus supplicii deprecatus est neque recusavit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

mortem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6; cf.:

non jam mortem neque aerumnas, tantummodo inimici imperium et cruciatus corporis deprecor,

Sall. J. 24, 10:

periculum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5; Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 3 (with refugere), Liv. 3, 58:

poenam,

id. 40, 15:

ignominiam,

id. 27, 20 fin.:

iram senatus,

id. 39, 35:

praecipiendi munus,

Quint. 2, 12, 12 et saep.—Of abstract subjects:

Claudii invidiam Gracchi caritas deprecabatur,

averted, Cic. Rep. 6, 2 (ap. Gell. 6, 16, 11; and Non. 290, 17).—

With acc. pers., usually in the sense of praying:

quem deprecarentur, cum omnes essent sordidati?

Cic. Sest. 12: in hoc te deprecor, ne, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:

Patres, ne festinarent decernere, etc.,

Liv. 34, 59:

senatum litteris deprecatus est, ne, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 29:

dispensatorem deprecati sumus, ut, etc.,

Petr. 30, 9:

deos mala (opp. bona rogare),

Sen. Q. N. 2, 33; cf.:

hoc superos, hoc te quoque deprecor,

Val. Fl. 8, 53:

numina versu,

Petr. 133, 2: Dominum, Vulg. [p. 552] Esth. 14, 3 et saep.—Less freq. in the sense of averting:

lecto te solum, lecto te deprecor uno,

Prop. 2, 34, 17 (3, 32, 7 M.).—

With inf.:

umbram accipere,

Stat. Th. 8, 116; Luc. 9, 213.—

With acc. and inf., to plead in excuse:

postquam errasse regem et Jugurthae scelere lapsum deprecati sunt,

Sall. J. 104, 4.—

With ne:

primum deprecor, ne me, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1:

unum petere ac deprecari... ne se armis despoliaret,

Caes. B. G. 2, 31, 4:

spem ne nostram fieri patiare caducam, deprecor,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 170; cf. no., b; so,

opp. to postulo ut,

Liv. 40, 15, 8.—And with the dat. of the person for whom one entreats: deprecari alicui ne vapulet, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With quominus:

neque illum se deprecari, quominus pergat,

Liv. 3, 9, 10 (but non precarere is the true reading in Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 79 fin.).—So very rarely

with quin:

quin gravedinem ipsi ferat frigus,

Cat. 44, 18.—

With ut (rarely):

deprecatus esse dicitur, ut se tertium in amicitiam reciperent,

Lact. 5, 17, 23; cf.

supra,

Petr. 30, 9.—

Absol.:

pro amico, pro republica deprecari,

Cic. Sest. 12 fin.; cf. Suet. Claud. 21; id. Vit. 14:

arma deponat, roget, deprecetur,

Cic. Phil. 5, 1, 3; id. Or. 40, 138; Caes. B. G. 4, 7, 3; Quint. 5, 13, 2; *Verg. A. 12, 931 al.—

In relig. lang., to imprecate: diras devotiones in eum deprecata, Ap. M. 9, p. 227.—

Transf.:

quasi non totidem mox deprecor illi Assidue,

execrate, Cat. 92, 3 (dictum est quasi detestor vel exsecror vel depello vel abominor, Gell. 6, 16, 5).—

To pray for, intercede in behalf of (that which is in danger):

vitam alicujus ab aliquo,

Cic. Sull. 26; cf. vitam sibi, Auct. B. Afr. 89, 3;

paucos dies exsolvendo donativo deprecatum,

Tac. H. 1, 41:

quos senatus non ad pacem deprecandam, sed ad denuntiandum bellum miserat,

Cic. Fam. 12, 24. Also with personal objects:

a vobis deprecor custodem salutis meae,

Cic. Planc. 42, 102:

nullae sunt imagines, quae me a vobis deprecentur,

id. Agr. 2, 36 fin.:

te assiduae lacrimae C. Marcelli deprecantur,

id. Fam. 4, 7 fin. —Sometimes, by zeugma, deprecor is used in both senses, I. and II., with different objects: non mortem sed dilationem mortis deprecantur, Justin. 11, 9, 14; Gronov. ad loc.

► dēprĕcātus, in pass. signif.:

deprecatum bellum,

Just. 8, 5, 4: deprecato summo numine, Ap. M. 11, p. 270.

dē-prĕcor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a.

To avert, ward off (from one's self or others) by earnest prayer; to deprecate; also to pray, to intercede for the averting of any evil, or to obtain pardon for any transgression (cf. Gell. 6, 16, 3).

In gen. (for syn. cf.: averto, averrunco, avoco, revoco —freq. and class.), constr. with the acc. (rei v. personae), the inf., the acc. and inf., ne, quominus, quin, and absol.

With acc. rei:

ullam ab sese calamitatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60 fin.; cf.:

ut a me quandam prope justam patriae querimoniam detester ac deprecer,

id. Cat. 1, 11: quibus servitutem mea miseria deprecor? Enn. ap. Gell. 6, 16, 9; cf.:

ego meae cum vitae parcam, letum inimico deprecer?

id. ib. §

10: qui nullum genus supplicii deprecatus est neque recusavit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

mortem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6; cf.:

non jam mortem neque aerumnas, tantummodo inimici imperium et cruciatus corporis deprecor,

Sall. J. 24, 10:

periculum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5; Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 3 (with refugere), Liv. 3, 58:

poenam,

id. 40, 15:

ignominiam,

id. 27, 20 fin.:

iram senatus,

id. 39, 35:

praecipiendi munus,

Quint. 2, 12, 12 et saep.—Of abstract subjects:

Claudii invidiam Gracchi caritas deprecabatur,

averted, Cic. Rep. 6, 2 (ap. Gell. 6, 16, 11; and Non. 290, 17).—

With acc. pers., usually in the sense of praying:

quem deprecarentur, cum omnes essent sordidati?

Cic. Sest. 12: in hoc te deprecor, ne, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:

Patres, ne festinarent decernere, etc.,

Liv. 34, 59:

senatum litteris deprecatus est, ne, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 29:

dispensatorem deprecati sumus, ut, etc.,

Petr. 30, 9:

deos mala (opp. bona rogare),

Sen. Q. N. 2, 33; cf.:

hoc superos, hoc te quoque deprecor,

Val. Fl. 8, 53:

numina versu,

Petr. 133, 2: Dominum, Vulg. [p. 552] Esth. 14, 3 et saep.—Less freq. in the sense of averting:

lecto te solum, lecto te deprecor uno,

Prop. 2, 34, 17 (3, 32, 7 M.).—

With inf.:

umbram accipere,

Stat. Th. 8, 116; Luc. 9, 213.—

With acc. and inf., to plead in excuse:

postquam errasse regem et Jugurthae scelere lapsum deprecati sunt,

Sall. J. 104, 4.—

With ne:

primum deprecor, ne me, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1:

unum petere ac deprecari... ne se armis despoliaret,

Caes. B. G. 2, 31, 4:

spem ne nostram fieri patiare caducam, deprecor,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 170; cf. no., b; so,

opp. to postulo ut,

Liv. 40, 15, 8.—And with the dat. of the person for whom one entreats: deprecari alicui ne vapulet, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With quominus:

neque illum se deprecari, quominus pergat,

Liv. 3, 9, 10 (but non precarere is the true reading in Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 79 fin.).—So very rarely

with quin:

quin gravedinem ipsi ferat frigus,

Cat. 44, 18.—

With ut (rarely):

deprecatus esse dicitur, ut se tertium in amicitiam reciperent,

Lact. 5, 17, 23; cf.

supra,

Petr. 30, 9.—

Absol.:

pro amico, pro republica deprecari,

Cic. Sest. 12 fin.; cf. Suet. Claud. 21; id. Vit. 14:

arma deponat, roget, deprecetur,

Cic. Phil. 5, 1, 3; id. Or. 40, 138; Caes. B. G. 4, 7, 3; Quint. 5, 13, 2; *Verg. A. 12, 931 al.—

In relig. lang., to imprecate: diras devotiones in eum deprecata, Ap. M. 9, p. 227.—

Transf.:

quasi non totidem mox deprecor illi Assidue,

execrate, Cat. 92, 3 (dictum est quasi detestor vel exsecror vel depello vel abominor, Gell. 6, 16, 5).—

To pray for, intercede in behalf of (that which is in danger):

vitam alicujus ab aliquo,

Cic. Sull. 26; cf. vitam sibi, Auct. B. Afr. 89, 3;

paucos dies exsolvendo donativo deprecatum,

Tac. H. 1, 41:

quos senatus non ad pacem deprecandam, sed ad denuntiandum bellum miserat,

Cic. Fam. 12, 24. Also with personal objects:

a vobis deprecor custodem salutis meae,

Cic. Planc. 42, 102:

nullae sunt imagines, quae me a vobis deprecentur,

id. Agr. 2, 36 fin.:

te assiduae lacrimae C. Marcelli deprecantur,

id. Fam. 4, 7 fin. —Sometimes, by zeugma, deprecor is used in both senses, I. and II., with different objects: non mortem sed dilationem mortis deprecantur, Justin. 11, 9, 14; Gronov. ad loc.

► dēprĕcātus, in pass. signif.:

deprecatum bellum,

Just. 8, 5, 4: deprecato summo numine, Ap. M. 11, p. 270.

dīvīnus, a, um, adj. [divus], of or belonging to a deity, divine (class. and very freq.).

Prop.:

divinae Matris imago,

Lucr. 2, 609:

numen,

id. 1, 154; 4, 1233; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 22; id. Mil. 30 fin. al.:

stirps,

Verg. A. 5, 711; Ov. M. 2, 633; cf.

semen,

id. ib. 1, 78;

and, origo,

Liv. 1, 15:

Pergamum divina moenitum manu,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 2; cf.:

non sine ope divina bellum gerere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 31, 2; and:

quasi divino consilio,

Cic. Fam. 13, 4 fin.:

stellae divinis animatae mentibus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15:

divina studia colere,

id. ib. 6, 18:

animos hominum esse divinos, i. e.,

of divine origin, id. Lael. 4, 13; cf.: hoc divinum animal (homo, shortly before: quasi mortalem deum), id. [p. 603] Fin. 2, 13, 40:

aliquis instinctus inflatusque,

id. Div. 1, 6 fin.; cf.:

causa divinior,

id. Fin. 5, 11, 33 et saep.:

condimenta,

enjoyed by the gods, divine, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 37:

odor (Veneris),

Verg. A. 1, 403; cf.

decoris,

id. ib. 5, 647:

ars Palladis,

id. ib. 2, 15 et saep.:

divinissima dona, i. e.,

most worthy of a deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 18: re divina facta, i. e., religious exercise, divine worship, sacrifice, etc., Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 13;

in this sense res divina is very freq.,

id. Epid. 2, 3, 11; 3, 3, 34 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 7; id. Hec. 1, 2, 109; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; id. Div. 2, 10; Nep. Hann. 2, 4; Plin. 18, 2, 2, § 7; Suet. Tib. 44 et saep.; less freq. in the plur. divinae res, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 81; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 8; id. Div. 2, 10; Liv. 23, 11.—In plur. also in gen. for religious affairs, Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 6, 21, 1; Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin. —Also verba, a form of prayer, Cato R. R. 14, 3:

religiones (opp. fides humana),

Liv. 9, 9; cf. id. 34, 31.—

Freq. connected with humanus as a stronger designation for all things, things of every kind, etc. (cf.: di hominesque under deus, I. B. fin.):

dedunt se, divina humanaque omnia,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 102; cf. id. Trin. 2, 4, 78; Liv. 9, 14; Suet. Caes. 84:

res,

Cic. Lael. 6:

jura,

id. Rosc. Am. 23 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 6 fin.:

scelera,

Liv. 3, 19; cf. id. 29, 18 fin.:

spes,

id. 10, 40 et saep. But in the explanation of philosophia by scientia divinarum humanarumque rerum, the term divinae res denotes nature, physics, as distinguished from humanae res, i. e. morals, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7; 4, 26, 57; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; 2, 2, 5; id. Fin. 2, 12, 37; Sen. Ep. 88; 90; Quint. 12, 2, 8; 20 al.; cf. Cic. Or. 34; Quint. 10, 1, 35.—So too in jurid. lang., divinae res signifies natural laws, in opp. to humanae res, positive laws, Cic. Sest. 42, 91; Just. Inst. 1, 1; Dig. 1, 1, 10.— dīvīnum, i, n.,

The deity, to theion:

divina si faverint,

God willing, Pall. 1, 1, 2; Juv. 15, 144; Amm. 23, 6; id. 22, 16 fin. —

The divine, that which comes from God, nihil est divino divinius, Sen. Ep. 66, 11.—

That which is under the sanction of a god; hence: quicquam divini credere alicui; or simply: divini alicui credere, to believe one upon oath (ante-class.):

numquam edepol tu mihi divini quicquam creduis, in, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 40:

quid ei divini aut humani aequum est credere?

id. Poen. 2, 1, 20:

nam mihi divini numquam quisquam creduat, ni, etc.,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 99; id. As. 5, 2, 4.

Transf.

Divinely inspired, prophetic:

aliquid praesagiens atque divinum,

Cic. Div. 1, 38:

animus appropinquante morte multo est divinior, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 30, 63; cf. id. ib. 1, 28 fin.:

cum ille potius divinus fuerit,

Nep. Att. 9, 1:

divinarum sagacem flammarum,

Sil. 3, 344:

divini quicquam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 40; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 4, 5;

also joined to humani,

id. As. 5, 2, 4; id. Poen. 2, 20.— Poet. of poets:

vates,

Hor. A. P. 400; cf.:

divini pectoris carmina,

Lucr. 1, 731.—With gen.:

divina futuri Sententia,

Hor. A. P. 218:

avis imbrium imminentium,

id. C. 3, 27, 10.— Subst.: dīvīnus, i, m., a soothsayer, prophet = vates, Cic. Div. 1, 58; 2, 3; id. Fat. 8; Liv. 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 6, 114; Vulg. Deut. 18, 11 al.—In the fem.: dīvīna, ae, a prophetess, Petr. 7, 2.—

Like caelestis (but far more freq. in prose), godlike, superhuman, admirable, excellent:

ex maxime raro genere hominum et paene divino,

Cic. Lael. 18:

ingenio esse divino,

id. Rep. 2, 2:

magni cujusdam civis et divini viri,

id. ib. 1, 29; cf.:

caelestes divinaeque legiones,

id. Phil. 5, 11:

senatus in supplicatione deneganda,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 8:

homo in dicendo,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 40: homo, Crispus ap. Quint. 8, 5, 17:

orator,

Quint. 4, 3, 13 et saep.:

incredibilis quaedam et divina virtus,

Cic. Rep. 3, 3:

fides,

id. Mil. 33 fin.:

admurmuratio senatus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 16:

memoria,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

eloquentia M. Tullii,

Quint. 2, 16, 7:

facultas eloquendi,

id. 10, 1, 81:

ille nitor loquendi,

id. ib. 83:

illa ironia,

id. ib. 4, 1, 70:

haec in te, Sulpici, divina sunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 29 et saep.—In the comp.:

ratione nihil est in homine divinius,

Cic. Fin. 5, 13 fin.; id. Par. 1, 3, 14. Under the empire an epithet often bestowed on the emperors:

domus,

Phaedr. 5, 8, 38:

princeps,

Nazar. Pan. Const. Aug. 35, 3; cf. Inscr. Orell. 277; 339:

indulgentia,

Dig. 1, 4, 3 et saep.— Adv.: dīvīne.

(Acc. to I.) In a godlike manner, through godlike power:

nunc tu divine fac huc assis Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 21.—

(Acc. to II.)

By divine inspiration, prophetically:

plura divine praesensa et praedicta reperiri,

Cic. Div. 1, 55; id. Att. 10, 4; and in the comp., id. Rep. 2, 5 Mos. —

In a godlike, superhuman, admirable manner, divinely:

divine Plato escam malorum appellat voluptatem,

Cic. de Sen. 13, 44; Quint. 1, 6, 18; 11, 1, 62.— Sup. does not occur.

dīvīnus, a, um, adj. [divus], of or belonging to a deity, divine (class. and very freq.).

Prop.:

divinae Matris imago,

Lucr. 2, 609:

numen,

id. 1, 154; 4, 1233; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 22; id. Mil. 30 fin. al.:

stirps,

Verg. A. 5, 711; Ov. M. 2, 633; cf.

semen,

id. ib. 1, 78;

and, origo,

Liv. 1, 15:

Pergamum divina moenitum manu,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 2; cf.:

non sine ope divina bellum gerere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 31, 2; and:

quasi divino consilio,

Cic. Fam. 13, 4 fin.:

stellae divinis animatae mentibus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15:

divina studia colere,

id. ib. 6, 18:

animos hominum esse divinos, i. e.,

of divine origin, id. Lael. 4, 13; cf.: hoc divinum animal (homo, shortly before: quasi mortalem deum), id. [p. 603] Fin. 2, 13, 40:

aliquis instinctus inflatusque,

id. Div. 1, 6 fin.; cf.:

causa divinior,

id. Fin. 5, 11, 33 et saep.:

condimenta,

enjoyed by the gods, divine, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 37:

odor (Veneris),

Verg. A. 1, 403; cf.

decoris,

id. ib. 5, 647:

ars Palladis,

id. ib. 2, 15 et saep.:

divinissima dona, i. e.,

most worthy of a deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 18: re divina facta, i. e., religious exercise, divine worship, sacrifice, etc., Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 13;

in this sense res divina is very freq.,

id. Epid. 2, 3, 11; 3, 3, 34 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 7; id. Hec. 1, 2, 109; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; id. Div. 2, 10; Nep. Hann. 2, 4; Plin. 18, 2, 2, § 7; Suet. Tib. 44 et saep.; less freq. in the plur. divinae res, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 81; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 8; id. Div. 2, 10; Liv. 23, 11.—In plur. also in gen. for religious affairs, Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 6, 21, 1; Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin. —Also verba, a form of prayer, Cato R. R. 14, 3:

religiones (opp. fides humana),

Liv. 9, 9; cf. id. 34, 31.—

Freq. connected with humanus as a stronger designation for all things, things of every kind, etc. (cf.: di hominesque under deus, I. B. fin.):

dedunt se, divina humanaque omnia,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 102; cf. id. Trin. 2, 4, 78; Liv. 9, 14; Suet. Caes. 84:

res,

Cic. Lael. 6:

jura,

id. Rosc. Am. 23 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 6 fin.:

scelera,

Liv. 3, 19; cf. id. 29, 18 fin.:

spes,

id. 10, 40 et saep. But in the explanation of philosophia by scientia divinarum humanarumque rerum, the term divinae res denotes nature, physics, as distinguished from humanae res, i. e. morals, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7; 4, 26, 57; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; 2, 2, 5; id. Fin. 2, 12, 37; Sen. Ep. 88; 90; Quint. 12, 2, 8; 20 al.; cf. Cic. Or. 34; Quint. 10, 1, 35.—So too in jurid. lang., divinae res signifies natural laws, in opp. to humanae res, positive laws, Cic. Sest. 42, 91; Just. Inst. 1, 1; Dig. 1, 1, 10.— dīvīnum, i, n.,

The deity, to theion:

divina si faverint,

God willing, Pall. 1, 1, 2; Juv. 15, 144; Amm. 23, 6; id. 22, 16 fin. —

The divine, that which comes from God, nihil est divino divinius, Sen. Ep. 66, 11.—

That which is under the sanction of a god; hence: quicquam divini credere alicui; or simply: divini alicui credere, to believe one upon oath (ante-class.):

numquam edepol tu mihi divini quicquam creduis, in, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 40:

quid ei divini aut humani aequum est credere?

id. Poen. 2, 1, 20:

nam mihi divini numquam quisquam creduat, ni, etc.,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 99; id. As. 5, 2, 4.

Transf.

Divinely inspired, prophetic:

aliquid praesagiens atque divinum,

Cic. Div. 1, 38:

animus appropinquante morte multo est divinior, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 30, 63; cf. id. ib. 1, 28 fin.:

cum ille potius divinus fuerit,

Nep. Att. 9, 1:

divinarum sagacem flammarum,

Sil. 3, 344:

divini quicquam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 40; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 4, 5;

also joined to humani,

id. As. 5, 2, 4; id. Poen. 2, 20.— Poet. of poets:

vates,

Hor. A. P. 400; cf.:

divini pectoris carmina,

Lucr. 1, 731.—With gen.:

divina futuri Sententia,

Hor. A. P. 218:

avis imbrium imminentium,

id. C. 3, 27, 10.— Subst.: dīvīnus, i, m., a soothsayer, prophet = vates, Cic. Div. 1, 58; 2, 3; id. Fat. 8; Liv. 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 6, 114; Vulg. Deut. 18, 11 al.—In the fem.: dīvīna, ae, a prophetess, Petr. 7, 2.—

Like caelestis (but far more freq. in prose), godlike, superhuman, admirable, excellent:

ex maxime raro genere hominum et paene divino,

Cic. Lael. 18:

ingenio esse divino,

id. Rep. 2, 2:

magni cujusdam civis et divini viri,

id. ib. 1, 29; cf.:

caelestes divinaeque legiones,

id. Phil. 5, 11:

senatus in supplicatione deneganda,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 8:

homo in dicendo,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 40: homo, Crispus ap. Quint. 8, 5, 17:

orator,

Quint. 4, 3, 13 et saep.:

incredibilis quaedam et divina virtus,

Cic. Rep. 3, 3:

fides,

id. Mil. 33 fin.:

admurmuratio senatus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 16:

memoria,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

eloquentia M. Tullii,

Quint. 2, 16, 7:

facultas eloquendi,

id. 10, 1, 81:

ille nitor loquendi,

id. ib. 83:

illa ironia,

id. ib. 4, 1, 70:

haec in te, Sulpici, divina sunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 29 et saep.—In the comp.:

ratione nihil est in homine divinius,

Cic. Fin. 5, 13 fin.; id. Par. 1, 3, 14. Under the empire an epithet often bestowed on the emperors:

domus,

Phaedr. 5, 8, 38:

princeps,

Nazar. Pan. Const. Aug. 35, 3; cf. Inscr. Orell. 277; 339:

indulgentia,

Dig. 1, 4, 3 et saep.— Adv.: dīvīne.

(Acc. to I.) In a godlike manner, through godlike power:

nunc tu divine fac huc assis Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 21.—

(Acc. to II.)

By divine inspiration, prophetically:

plura divine praesensa et praedicta reperiri,

Cic. Div. 1, 55; id. Att. 10, 4; and in the comp., id. Rep. 2, 5 Mos. —

In a godlike, superhuman, admirable manner, divinely:

divine Plato escam malorum appellat voluptatem,

Cic. de Sen. 13, 44; Quint. 1, 6, 18; 11, 1, 62.— Sup. does not occur.

dīvīnus, a, um, adj. [divus], of or belonging to a deity, divine (class. and very freq.).

Prop.:

divinae Matris imago,

Lucr. 2, 609:

numen,

id. 1, 154; 4, 1233; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 22; id. Mil. 30 fin. al.:

stirps,

Verg. A. 5, 711; Ov. M. 2, 633; cf.

semen,

id. ib. 1, 78;

and, origo,

Liv. 1, 15:

Pergamum divina moenitum manu,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 2; cf.:

non sine ope divina bellum gerere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 31, 2; and:

quasi divino consilio,

Cic. Fam. 13, 4 fin.:

stellae divinis animatae mentibus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15:

divina studia colere,

id. ib. 6, 18:

animos hominum esse divinos, i. e.,

of divine origin, id. Lael. 4, 13; cf.: hoc divinum animal (homo, shortly before: quasi mortalem deum), id. [p. 603] Fin. 2, 13, 40:

aliquis instinctus inflatusque,

id. Div. 1, 6 fin.; cf.:

causa divinior,

id. Fin. 5, 11, 33 et saep.:

condimenta,

enjoyed by the gods, divine, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 37:

odor (Veneris),

Verg. A. 1, 403; cf.

decoris,

id. ib. 5, 647:

ars Palladis,

id. ib. 2, 15 et saep.:

divinissima dona, i. e.,

most worthy of a deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 18: re divina facta, i. e., religious exercise, divine worship, sacrifice, etc., Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 13;

in this sense res divina is very freq.,

id. Epid. 2, 3, 11; 3, 3, 34 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 7; id. Hec. 1, 2, 109; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; id. Div. 2, 10; Nep. Hann. 2, 4; Plin. 18, 2, 2, § 7; Suet. Tib. 44 et saep.; less freq. in the plur. divinae res, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 81; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 8; id. Div. 2, 10; Liv. 23, 11.—In plur. also in gen. for religious affairs, Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4; 6, 21, 1; Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin. —Also verba, a form of prayer, Cato R. R. 14, 3:

religiones (opp. fides humana),

Liv. 9, 9; cf. id. 34, 31.—

Freq. connected with humanus as a stronger designation for all things, things of every kind, etc. (cf.: di hominesque under deus, I. B. fin.):

dedunt se, divina humanaque omnia,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 102; cf. id. Trin. 2, 4, 78; Liv. 9, 14; Suet. Caes. 84:

res,

Cic. Lael. 6:

jura,

id. Rosc. Am. 23 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 6 fin.:

scelera,

Liv. 3, 19; cf. id. 29, 18 fin.:

spes,

id. 10, 40 et saep. But in the explanation of philosophia by scientia divinarum humanarumque rerum, the term divinae res denotes nature, physics, as distinguished from humanae res, i. e. morals, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7; 4, 26, 57; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; 2, 2, 5; id. Fin. 2, 12, 37; Sen. Ep. 88; 90; Quint. 12, 2, 8; 20 al.; cf. Cic. Or. 34; Quint. 10, 1, 35.—So too in jurid. lang., divinae res signifies natural laws, in opp. to humanae res, positive laws, Cic. Sest. 42, 91; Just. Inst. 1, 1; Dig. 1, 1, 10.— dīvīnum, i, n.,

The deity, to theion:

divina si faverint,

God willing, Pall. 1, 1, 2; Juv. 15, 144; Amm. 23, 6; id. 22, 16 fin. —

The divine, that which comes from God, nihil est divino divinius, Sen. Ep. 66, 11.—

That which is under the sanction of a god; hence: quicquam divini credere alicui; or simply: divini alicui credere, to believe one upon oath (ante-class.):

numquam edepol tu mihi divini quicquam creduis, in, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 40:

quid ei divini aut humani aequum est credere?

id. Poen. 2, 1, 20:

nam mihi divini numquam quisquam creduat, ni, etc.,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 99; id. As. 5, 2, 4.

Transf.

Divinely inspired, prophetic:

aliquid praesagiens atque divinum,

Cic. Div. 1, 38:

animus appropinquante morte multo est divinior, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 30, 63; cf. id. ib. 1, 28 fin.:

cum ille potius divinus fuerit,

Nep. Att. 9, 1:

divinarum sagacem flammarum,

Sil. 3, 344:

divini quicquam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 40; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 4, 5;

also joined to humani,

id. As. 5, 2, 4; id. Poen. 2, 20.— Poet. of poets:

vates,

Hor. A. P. 400; cf.:

divini pectoris carmina,

Lucr. 1, 731.—With gen.:

divina futuri Sententia,

Hor. A. P. 218:

avis imbrium imminentium,

id. C. 3, 27, 10.— Subst.: dīvīnus, i, m., a soothsayer, prophet = vates, Cic. Div. 1, 58; 2, 3; id. Fat. 8; Liv. 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 6, 114; Vulg. Deut. 18, 11 al.—In the fem.: dīvīna, ae, a prophetess, Petr. 7, 2.—

Like caelestis (but far more freq. in prose), godlike, superhuman, admirable, excellent:

ex maxime raro genere hominum et paene divino,

Cic. Lael. 18:

ingenio esse divino,

id. Rep. 2, 2:

magni cujusdam civis et divini viri,

id. ib. 1, 29; cf.:

caelestes divinaeque legiones,

id. Phil. 5, 11:

senatus in supplicatione deneganda,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 8:

homo in dicendo,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 40: homo, Crispus ap. Quint. 8, 5, 17:

orator,

Quint. 4, 3, 13 et saep.:

incredibilis quaedam et divina virtus,

Cic. Rep. 3, 3:

fides,

id. Mil. 33 fin.:

admurmuratio senatus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 16:

memoria,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

eloquentia M. Tullii,

Quint. 2, 16, 7:

facultas eloquendi,

id. 10, 1, 81:

ille nitor loquendi,

id. ib. 83:

illa ironia,

id. ib. 4, 1, 70:

haec in te, Sulpici, divina sunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 29 et saep.—In the comp.:

ratione nihil est in homine divinius,

Cic. Fin. 5, 13 fin.; id. Par. 1, 3, 14. Under the empire an epithet often bestowed on the emperors:

domus,

Phaedr. 5, 8, 38:

princeps,

Nazar. Pan. Const. Aug. 35, 3; cf. Inscr. Orell. 277; 339:

indulgentia,

Dig. 1, 4, 3 et saep.— Adv.: dīvīne.

(Acc. to I.) In a godlike manner, through godlike power:

nunc tu divine fac huc assis Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 21.—

(Acc. to II.)

By divine inspiration, prophetically:

plura divine praesensa et praedicta reperiri,

Cic. Div. 1, 55; id. Att. 10, 4; and in the comp., id. Rep. 2, 5 Mos. —

In a godlike, superhuman, admirable manner, divinely:

divine Plato escam malorum appellat voluptatem,

Cic. de Sen. 13, 44; Quint. 1, 6, 18; 11, 1, 62.— Sup. does not occur.

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

in-frĕquentĭa, ae, f.

A small number, thinness, scanliness:

summa senatus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

senatus,

Liv. 2, 23, 12:

prodita (sc. legionum),

the small number of his troops, Tac. A. 15, 10.—

Solitariness, loneliness:

locorum,

Tac. A. 14, 27.

jam, adv. [for diam, collat. form of diem, cf. pri-dem, du-dum, Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 213; II. p. 850; but acc. to Curt. Gr. Etym. 398, 620; locat. form from pronom. stem ja].

Of time, denoting a point or moment of time as coinciding with that of the action, etc., described.

Of present time.

As opp. to past or future, at this time, now, just now, at present, i. e. while I speak or write this.

Jam alone:

jamne autem, ut soles, deludis?

Plaut. Aul. 5, 11:

jam satis credis sobrium esse me,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 36:

saltus reficit jam roscida luna,

Verg. G. 3, 337:

jam tenebris et sole cadente,

id. ib. 3, 401:

jamque dies, ni fallor, adest,

id. A. 5, 49:

jam advesperascit,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 2:

reddere qui voces jam scit puer,

Hor. A. P. 158: stabat modo consularis, modo septemvir epulonum;

jam neutrum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 12:

jam melior, jam, diva, precor,

Verg. A. 12, 179:

Hem, scio jam quod vis dicere,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 36:

in ea (consuetudine) quaedam sunt jura ipsa jam certa propter vetustatem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67:

jam tempus agi,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

surgere jam tempus,

Cat. 62, 3.—

Strengthened.

By repetition: jam jam, jam jamque (nearly = nunc), at this very time, precisely now:

jam jam intellego, Crasse, quod dicas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 90:

jam jam minime miror te otium perturbare,

id. Phil. 2, 34, 87:

jam jam dolet quod egi, jam jamque paenitet,

Cat. 63, 73:

jam jam linquo acies,

Verg. A. 12, 875:

jam jamque video bellum,

Cic. Att. 16, 9 fin.:

at illum ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,

id. ib. 7, 20, 1; cf.:

jam mihi, jam possim contentus vivere parvo,

Tib. 1, 1, 25 (7).—

By nunc: jam nunc, just now, at this very time, as things now are:

jam nunc irata non es,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 65:

dux, jam nunc locatus in urbe,

Liv. 22, 38, 9; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 127:

quae cum cogito, jam nunc timeo quidnam, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:

deliberationis ejus tempus ita jam nunc statui posse, etc.,

Liv. 31, 32, 3:

ipsa Venus laetos jam nunc migravit in agros,

Tib. 2, 3, 3:

nec jam nunc regina loquor,

Val. Fl. 8, 47; so,

nunc jam (nunciam): secede huc nunciam,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 23:

audi nunciam,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 29:

i nunciam,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 21: nunc jam sum expeditus, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 5:

nunc jam nobis vobisque consulatus patet,

Liv. 7, 32, 14.—

By tum:

jam tum opifices funguntur munere,

Plin. 11, 21, 24, § 74; Verg. G. 2, 405; id. A. 1, 18.—

By pridem, v. jampridem.—

In contrast with the time at which something was expected.

Of that which occurs sooner, already, so soon:

quies (animos) aut jam exhaustos aut mox exhauriendos, renovavit,

Liv. 21, 21, 7:

gravitate valetudinis, qua tamen jam paululum videor levari,

Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1; 3, 8, 16:

jamne ibis,

are you going so soon, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 86; id. Rud. 2, 7, 26.—

Of that which occurs later, at last, now, only now:

ohe jam desine deos uxor gratulando obtundere,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 8:

postulo, Dave, ut redeat jam in viam,

id. And. 1, 2, 19:

jamque sero diei subducit ex acie legionem faciendis castris,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

jam sanguinis alti vis sibi fecit iter,

Luc. 2, 214.—Tandem or aliquando is often added:

jam tandem ades ilico,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 39:

putamus enim utile esse te aliquando jam rem transigere,

Cic. Att. 1, 4, 1:

jam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras,

Verg. A. 6, 61; Liv. 22, 12, 10.—

As continued from the past, already, by this time, ere now, till now, hitherto:

et apud Graecos quidem jam anni prope quadrigenti sunt, etc.,

Cic. Or. 51, 171:

obsolevit jam ista oratio,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52:

nondum feminam aequavimus gloriā, et jam nos laudis satietas cepit?

Curt. 9, 6, 23.—With numerals and words specifying time:

jam biennium est, cum mecum coepit rem gerere,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 35; so,

plus jam anno,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 14:

sunt duo menses jam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 8:

qui septingentos jam annos vivunt, etc.,

id. Fl. 26, 63:

annum jam tertium et vicesimum regnat,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; id. Fin. 2, 29, 94.—

With imperatives, to express haste or impatience, like Engl. now, now, straightway, at once:

quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? Jam parce sepulto,

Verg. A. 3, 41:

sed jam age, carpe viam,

id. ib. 6, 629:

et jam tu... illum adspice contra,

id. ib. 11, 373.—So in impetuous or passionate questions (freq. in Plaut.):

Jam tu autem nobis praeturam geris?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 23; cf. id. Aul. 5, 11; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 25.—

Jam... jam, at one time... at another, now... now, at this time... at that:

jamque eadem digitis jam pectine pulsat eburno,

Verg. A. 647:

jamque hos cursu, jam praeterit illos,

id. ib. 4, 157:

qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 20:

jam vino quaerens, jam somno fallere curas,

id. ib. 2, 7, 114:

jam secundae, jam adversae res, ita erudierant, etc.,

Liv. 30, 30; Tib. 1, 2, 49; Ov. M. 1, 111.—

Of past time.

In the time just past, but now, a moment ago, a little while ago, just:

videamus nunc quam sint praeclare illa his, quae jam posui, consequentia,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

Arsinoë et jam dicta Memphis,

Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61:

insulae praeter jam dictas,

id. 3, 26, 30, § 151:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

domum quam tu jam exaedificatam habebas,

Cic. Att. 1, 6, 1.—

Like English now, by this time, already.

Alone:

jam advesperascebat,

Liv. 39, 50:

Hannibalem movisse ex hibernis, et jam Alpes transire,

id. 27, 39:

et jam fama volans... domos et moenia complet,

Verg. A. 11, 139; 12, 582; Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 6, 6:

jamque rubescebat Aurora,

Verg. A. 3, 521; 10, 260:

ut semel inclinavit pugna, jam intolerabilis Romana vis erat,

Liv. 6, 32:

cum decimum jam diem graviter ex intestinis laborarem,

Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1.—

Strengthened.

Jam jamque, Verg. A. 8, 708.—

By tum, as early as that:

se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

Cic. Arch. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 1; Verg. 7, 738; Tac. Agr. 45.—

By tunc (post-Aug.;

once in Cic.),

Suet. Aug. 89; id. Ner. 7; Tac. H. 4, 50; Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3 dub.—

Of a time succeeding another time referred to, from that time, thenceforth, thereafter (esp. with a or ab, when it is often = Eng. even, very):

qui aequom esse censent nos jam a pueris nasci senes,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2:

quae me maxime sicuti jam a prima adolescentia delectarunt,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 67:

benevolentia quae mihi jam a pueritia tua cognita est,

id. ib. 4, 7, 1:

dederas enim jam ab adolescentia documenta,

id. Mil. 8, 22: jam ab illo tempore, cum, etc., from the very time when, etc., id. Fam. 2, 16, 9; cf.:

urgerent philosophorum greges jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 42. —So with ex:

jam ex quo ipse accepisset regnum,

ever since, Liv. 42, 11, 8.—

Of future time.

In the time immediately approaching, forthwith, straightway, directly, presently:

occlude sis fores ambobus pessulis: jam ego hic ero,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 25:

ille jam hic aderit,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 72: omitte;

jam adero,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 26; cf. id. ib. 4, 6, 1; id. And. 1, 2, 9; 4, 4, 38: bono animo es;

jam argentum ad eam deferes, quod ei es pollicitus,

id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18:

facere id ut paratum jam sit,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76:

jam fuerit, neque post unquam revocare licebit,

Lucr. 3, 927:

jam faciam quod voltis,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 16:

jam enim aderunt consules ad suas Nonas,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2.—

In the time immediately succeeding another time referred to, forthwith, at once, straightway, then:

nunc ubi me illic non videbit, jam huc recurret,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 10:

accede ad ignem... jam calesces,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 5:

nisi puerum tollis, jam ego hunc in mediam viam provolvam,

id. And. 4, 4, 38:

de quibus jam dicendi locus erit, cum de senioribus pauca dixero,

Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

agedum, dictatorem creemus. Jam hic centicescet furor,

Liv. 2, 29, 11:

aperi, inquit, jam scies,

Petr. 16, 2; cf. Verg. A. 1, 272.—

Representing as present an impending event, now, already, presently (mostly poet.):

jam te premet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 16:

jam veniet mors, jam subrepet iners aetas,

Tib. 1, 1, 70:

jam mare turbari trabibus videbis, jam fervere litora flammis,

Verg. A. 4, 566; 6, 676:

alius Latio jam partus Achilles,

id. ib. 6, 89:

hic magnae jam locus urbis erit,

Tib. 2, 5, 55.—

With negatives, denoting cessation of previous condition: jam non, no more, no longer:

quem odisse jam non potestis,

Cic. Clu. 10, 29; Ov. M. 4, 382:

non jam,

not any more, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:

nihil jam,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21.—

With comparatives:

ad mitiora jam ingenia,

which had become milder, Liv. 27. 39:

ad ferociores jam gentes,

which then were less civilized, id. 21, 60:

una jam potior sententia,

Stat. Th. 2, 368.

In other relations.

To denote that something will certainly, properly, or easily occur, under certain circumstances.

In a conclusion, to emphasize its relation to the condition, then surely, then:

si cogites, remittas jam me onerare injuriis,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 6: si quis voluerit animi sui [p. 1012] notionem evolvere, jam se ipse doceat, eum virum bonum esse, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76:

si hoc dixissem, jam mihi consuli jure optimo senatus vim intulisset,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 21; id. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Brut. 17, 68:

si jubeat eo dirigi, jam in portu fore omnem classem,

Liv. 29, 27, 8.—

In a consequence, to show that it is conceived as immediate, now, then, therefore: satis est tibi in te, satis in legibus;

jam contemni non poteris,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

jam hoc non potest in te non honorifice esse dictum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 2; id. Leg. 2, 24, 60; id. Clu. 16, 46:

nec hanc solam Romani meretricem colunt... Jam quanta ista immortalitas putanda est,

Lact. 1, 20, 5:

Quae cum ita sint, ego jam hinc praedico,

Liv. 40, 36, 14: conspecta et ex muris ea multitudo erat;

jamque etiam legionariae cohortes sequebantur,

id. 10, 43, 1.—

In transitions.

To a new subject, now, moreover, again, once more then:

jam de artificiis et quaestibus... haec fere accepimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150; Verg. G. 2, 57:

jam jura legitima ex legibus cognosci oportebit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68:

jam illud senatus consultum, quod eo die factum est, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 4:

jam Saliare Numae carmen qui laudat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 86. —So with vero:

jam vero motus animi, sollicitudines aegritudinesque oblivione leniuntur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 110:

jam vero virtuti Cn. Pompei quae potest par oratio inveniri?

id. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 29; 14, 41; id. Off. 3, 13 init. —With at enim:

at enim jam dicetis virtutem non posse constitui, si ea, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 40 init. —

In enumerations:

et aures... itemque nares... jam gustatus... tactus autem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141.—So sometimes repeatedly, at one time... at another... at another, jam... jam... jam:

jam medici, jam apparatus cibi, jam in hoc solum importatum instrumentum balinei nullius non succurrit valetudini,

Vell. 2, 114, 2; cf. Flor. 2, 17, 8, and I. A. 5. supra.—

For emphasis.

After non modo... sed ( = adeo), now, even, I may say:

non cum senatu modo, sed jam cum diis bellum gerere,

Liv. 21, 63, 6.—

Pressing the strict sense of a word or clause, now, precisely, indeed:

(Hieronymum) quem jam cur Peripateticum appellem, nescio,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14:

hoc quidem haud molestum est jam, quod collus collari caret,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 107:

loquor enim jam non de sapientium, sed de communibus amicitiis,

Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

te quoque jam, Thais, ita me di bene ament, amo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 43:

imitatio morum alienorum... jam inter leniores affectus numerari potest,

Quint. 9, 2, 58:

reliqua jam aequitatis sunt,

id. 7, 1, 62:

cetera jam fabulosa,

Tac. G. 46:

desine: jam venio moriturus,

Verg. A. 10, 881.—So esp. with et: et jam (cf. etiam), and indeed, and in fact, et lenitas illa Graecorum et verborum comprehensio, et jam artifex, ut ita dicam, stilus, Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

pulchriora etiam Polycleti et jam plane perfecta,

id. ib. 18, 70:

Pompeium et hortari et orare et jam liberius accusare non desistimus,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 3; Quint. Decl. 5, 3; Luc. 8, 659; cf.

jamque,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 9; so,

jam et: nec deerat Ptolemaeus, jam et sceleris instinctor,

Tac. H. 1, 23; 1, 22;

and, ac jam: ac jam, ut omnia contra opinionem acciderent, tamen se plurimum navibus posse,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9: jam ergo, in very fact:

jam ergo aliquis condemnavit,

Cic. Clu. 41, 113.—

In climax, even, indeed, really:

opus Paniceis, opus Placentinis quoque... jam maritumi omnes milites opus sunt mihi,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 59:

jam illa quae natura, non litteris, assecuti sunt, neque cum Graecia neque ulla cum gente sunt conferenda,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

jam in opere quis par Romano miles?

Liv. 9, 19, 8; Quint. 12, 1, 45; Cic. Rep. 1, 5; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.

călumnĭa (old form kălumnĭa; v. the letter K), ae, f. [perh. for calvomnia, from calvor; cf. incīlo], trickery, artifice, chicanery, cunning device.

Lit.

In gen.:

per obtrectatores Lentuli calumniā extracta res est,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 3:

(Lucullus) inimicorum calumniā triennio tardius quam debuerat triumphavit,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

inpediti ne triumpharent calumniā paucorum, quibus omnia honesta atque inhonesta vendere mos erat,

Sall. C. 30, 4:

Metellus calumniā dicendi tempus exemit,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

cum omni morā, ludificatione, calumniā senatūs auctoritas impediretur,

id. Sest. 35, 75.— Plur.:

res ab adversariis nostris extracta est variis calumniis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1.—

In partic.

A pretence, evasion, subterfuge:

juris judicium cum erit et aequitatis, cave in istā tam frigidā, tam jejunā calumniā delitescas,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 61:

senatus religionis calumniam non religione, sed malevolentiā... comprobat,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

Carneades... itaque premebat alio modo nec ullam adhibebat calumniam,

id. Fat. 14, 31:

calumniam stultitiamque ejus obtrivit ac contudit,

id. Caecin. 7, 18:

illud in primis, ne qua calumnia, ne qua fraus, ne quis dolus adhibeatur,

id. Dom. 14, 36:

quae major calumnia est, quam venire imberbum adulescentulum... dicere se filium senatorem sibi velle adoptare?

id. ib. 14, 37.—

In discourse, etc., a misrepresentation, false statement, fallacy, cavil (cf.:

cavillatio, perfugium): haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius, facilius effugiunt Academicorum calumniam,

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

(Carneades) saepe optimas causas ingenii calumniā ludificari solet,

id. Rep. 3, 5, 9:

nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 14:

si in minimis rebus pertinacia reprehenditur, calumnia etiam coërcetur,

id. ib. 2, 20, 65:

altera est calumnia, nullam artem falsis adsentiri opinionibus,

Quint. 2, 17, 18:

si quis tamen... ad necessaria aliquid melius adjecerit, non erit hac calumniā reprendendus,

id. 12, 10, 43.—

A false accusation, malicious charge, esp. a false or malicious information, or action at law, a perversion of justice ( = sukophantia):

jam de deorum inmortalium templis spoliatis qualem calumniam ad pontifices adtulerit?

false report, Liv. 39, 4, 11:

Scythae... cum confecto jam bello supervenissent, et calumniā tardius lati auxilii, mercede fraudarentur,

an unjust charge, Just. 42, 1, 2:

quamquam illa fuit ad calumniam singulari consilio reperta ratio... Quae res cum ad pactiones iniquissimas magnam vim habuit, tum vero ad calumnias in quas omnes inciderent, quos vellent Apronius,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38:

causam calumniae reperire,

id. ib. 2, 2, 8, §

21: (Heraclius), a quo HS. C. milia per calumniam malitiamque petita sunt,

id. ib. 2, 2, 27, §

66: mirari improbitatem calumniae,

id. ib. 2, 2, 15, §

37: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumniā quādam et nimis callidā juris interpretatione,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33:

iste amplam occasionem calumniae nactus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 61:

quem iste in decumis, in rebus capitalibus, in omni calumniā praecursorem habere solebat et emissarium,

id. ib. 2, 5, 41, § 108; 2, 2, 9, §

25: ad rapinas convertit animum, vario et exquisitissimo calumniarum et auctionum et vectigalium genere,

Suet. Calig. 38 init.; cf.

the context: calumniā litium alienos fundos petere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74:

adeo illis odium Romanorum incussit rapacitas proconsulum, sectio publicanorum, calumniae litium,

Just. 38, 7, 8:

calumniarum metum inicere alicui,

Suet. Caes. 20:

principes confiscatos ob tam leve ac tam inpudens calumniarum genus, ut, etc.,

id. Tib. 49:

calumniis rapinisque intendit animum,

id. Ner. 32:

creditorum turbam... nonnisi terrore calumniarum amovit,

id. Vit. 7:

fiscales calumnias magna calumniantium repressit,

id. Dom. 9 fin. — Plur.:

istae calumniae,

App. Mag. 1, p. 273, 9; cf.:

calumnia magiae,

id. ib. 2, p. 274, 10.—

Hence, jurid. t. t., the bringing of an action, whether civil or criminal, in bad faith:

actoris calumnia quoque coërcetur,

litigiousness on the part of the plaintiff, Just. Inst. 4, 16, 1 Sandars ad loc.; Gai Inst. 4, 174: vetus calumniae actio, a prosecution for blackmail or malicious prosecution, id. ib.: calumniam jurare, to take the oath that the action is brought or defence offered in good faith, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 3: sei juraverit calumniae causā non postulare, Lex Acil. Repetund. 19; Dig. 39, 2, 7; cf.: praeter jusjurandum exigere non calumniae causā infitias ire, Gai Inst. 4, 172:

jusjurandum exigere non calumniae causā agere,

id. ib. 4, 176.—Hence:

nec satis habere bello vicisse Hannibalem, nisi velut accusatores calumniam in eum jurarent ac nomen deferrent,

Liv. 33, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc; so,

de calumniā jurare,

Dig. 39, 2, 13, § 3: jusjurandum de calumniā, Gai Inst. 4, 179; Dig. 12, 3, 34 al.: et quidem calumniae judicium adversus omnes actiones locum habet, a conviction in a cross-action for malicious prosecution, Gai Inst. 4, 175:

turpissimam personam calumniae honestae civitati inponere,

to fasten the vile character of a malicious prosecutor upon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 43:

sine ignominiā calumniae accusationem relinquere non posse,

id. Clu. 31, 86.— The person convicted of this charge was branded on the forehead with the letter K; v. calumniator.—

Transf., a conviction for malicious prosecution ( = calumniae judicium, v. I. A. 4. supra):

hic illo privato judicio, mihi credite, calumniam non effugiet,

Cic. Clu. 59, 163: scito C. Sempronium Rufum, mel ac delicias tuas, calumniam maximo plausu tulisse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1:

accusare alienae dominationis scelerisque socius propter calumniae metum non est ausus,

Cic. Dom. 19, 49:

perinde poenā teneri ac si publico judicio calumniae condemnatus,

Tac. A. 14, 41:

calumniam fictis eludere jocis,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 37.—

Trop.

Of abstr. things: in hac igitur calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento, cum plurima ad alieni sensūs conjecturam, non ad suum judicium scribantur, i. e. when the writer ' s mind is made the fool of his fears, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4. —

Contra se, a mistaken severity towards one ' s self:

inveni qui Ciceroni crederent, eum (Calvum) nimiā contra se calumniā verum sanguinem perdidisse,

Quint. 10, 1, 115 (referring to Cic. Brut. 82, 283: nimium inquirens in se atque ipse sese observans, metuensque ne vitiosum colligeret, etiam verum sanguinem deperdebat).

laetus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root prī-, to cheer; prētis, joy, love; cf. Gr. praüs, praios; Germ. Friede, Freude; cf. also Latin gentile name, Plaetorius], joyful, cheerful, glad, gay, joyous, rejoicing, pleased, delighted, full of joy.

Lit., constr. absol., with de, the gen., the inf., or acc. and inf.

Absol.:

laeti atque erecti,

Cic. Font. 11, 33:

alacres laetique,

id. Sest. 1, 1:

vultus,

id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

dies laetissimi,

id. Lael. 3, 12.—In neutr. plur. as subst.:

litterae tuae partim laeta partim tristia continent,

Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 1.—

With de:

laetus est de amica,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 45.—

With gen.:

laetus animi et ingenii,

Vell. 2, 93, 1; Tac. A. 2, 26:

laborum,

Verg. A. 11, 73:

irae,

Sil. 17, 308.—

With inf.:

laetus uterque Spectari superis,

Sil. 9, 453.—

With acc. and inf.:

laetus sum, fratri obtigisse quod volt,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 1:

laeta est abs te (donum) datum esse,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 2.—

Transf.

Doing a thing with joy, cheerful, ready, willing:

senatus supplementum etiam laetus decreverat,

Sall. J. 84, 3:

descendere regno,

Stat. Th. 2, 396:

fatebere laetus nec surdum esse, etc.,

Juv. 13, 248.—

Delighting or taking pleasure in a thing; with abl. or inf.

With abl.:

et laetum equino sanguine Concanum,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 34:

laetus stridore catenae,

Juv. 14, 23:

plantaribus horti,

id. 13, 123.—

With inf.:

et ferro vivere laetum Vulgus,

Sil. 9, 223.—

Pleased, satisfied with any thing; delighting in; with abl.:

classis Romana haudquaquam laeta praedā rediit,

Liv. 27, 31:

contentus modicis, meoque laetus,

Mart. 4, 77, 2.—With gen.:

laeta laborum,

Verg. A. 11, 73:

laetissimus viae,

indulging to the full, Sil. 17, 308.—

Pleasing, pleasant, grateful:

omnia erant facta hoc biduo laetiora,

Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

laetique nuntii vulgabantur,

Tac. A. 1, 5:

vitium laetissimi fructus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

virtus haud laeta tyranno,

Val. Fl. 1, 30:

militibus id nomen,

Tac. H. 4, 68.—

Favorable, propitious, prosperous:

venti,

Val. Fl. 4, 31:

sors,

id. 4, 540:

bellum,

Sil. 10, 552; Plaut. Am. prol. 2:

saecula,

Verg. A. 1, 605:

exta,

Suet. Caes. 77:

cujus (proelii) initium ambiguum, finis laetior,

Tac. A. 12, 40.—

Fortunate, auspicious, lucky:

prodigium,

Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 197:

augurium,

Tac. H. 1, 62:

laeta et congruentia exta,

id. ib. 2, 4:

omina,

Petr. 122.—

Joyous in appearance, delightful, pleasing, beautiful:

vite quid potest esse cum fructu laetius, tum aspectu pulchrius?

Cic. de Sen. 15, 53:

segetes,

Verg. G. 1, 1:

lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine,

id. A. 1, 275:

ferarum exuviis,

Ov. M. 1, 475:

indoles,

Quint. 2, 4, 4:

colles frondibus laeti,

Curt. 5, 4, 9.—

In partic., in econom. lang., fertile, rich, of soil:

ager,

Varr. R. R. 1, 23:

laeta Clitumni pascua,

Juv. 12, 13.—Of cattle, fat:

glande sues laeti redeunt,

Verg. G. 2, 520.—

Abundant, copious:

laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis,

Verg. G. 3, 310; 3, 494:

lucus laetissimus umbrae,

id. A. 1, 441.—Of style, etc., rich, copious, agreeable:

nitidum quoddam genus est verborum et laetum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 81.—Of the author:

(Homerus) laetus ac pressus,

Quint. 10, 1, 46.—

Pleasant, agreeable:

dicendi genus tenue laetioribus numeris corrumpere,

Quint. 9, 4, 17.—In neutr. sing., adverbially:

laetumque rubet,

with joy, with pleasure, Stat. Ach. 1, 323.— Hence, adv.: laetē, joyfully, gladly, cheerfully.

Lit. (class.):

auctorem senatus exstinctum laete atque insolenter tulit,

Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7:

laete an severe dicere,

Quint. 8, 3, 40.— Comp., Vell. 2, 45, 3:

neque refert cujusquam Punicas Romanasve acies laetius extuleris,

more eagerly, Tac. A. 4, 33:

aliquid ausi laetius aut licentius,

Quint. 2, 4, 14.— Sup.:

laetissime gaudere,

Gell. 3, 15, 2.—

Transf., fruitfully, abundantly, luxuriantly:

seges laete virens,

Plin. 33, 5, 27, § 89.— Comp.:

truncus laetius frondet,

more fruitfully, more luxuriantly, Col. 5, 9, 10; cf. Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 130.—

Lightly, not severely, without seriousness:

si quis putet nos laetius fecisse quam orationis severitas exigat,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 6.

laetus, i, m., in late Lat., a foreign bondman who received a piece of land to cultivate, for which he paid tribute to his master, a serf, Amm. 20, 8, 13; Eum. Pan. 21, 1.—Hence,

laeta, ōrum, n., the land so cultivated, Cod. Th. 7, 20, 10.—

laetĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a laetus: laeticae terrae, Cod. Th. 13, 11, 9.

lectĭo, ōnis, f. [lego].

A gathering, collecting.

In gen. (post-Aug. and rare):

lectio lapidum,

Col. 2, 2, 12:

florum,

Arn. 5, 173.—

In partic., a picking out, selecting:

judicum,

Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16. —

A reading, perusal; a reading out, reading aloud.

Lit.

In gen.:

delectabatur lectione librorum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

lectio sine ulla delectatione,

id. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

versuum,

Quint. 1, 8, 2:

non cruda, sed multa iteratione mollita et velut confecta,

id. 10, 1, 19:

continua,

id. 11, 2, 34; cf. id. 1, cap. 8 and 10, cap. 1 passim.—

In partic.: lectio senatūs, a reading off or calling over the names of the senators;

this was done by the censor, who at the same time struck the unworthy ones from the list: infamis atque invidiosa senatus lectio,

Liv. 9, 29; 27, 11; Suet. Aug. 35.—

Transf. (abstr. pro contr.), that which is read, reading, text (post-class.):

lectio tamen docet, eo tempore solitos, etc.,

Macr. S. 7, 7, 5:

haec sunt quae lectio pontificalis habet,

id. ib. 7, 13, 11 fin.:

juris lectiones,

passages of the laws, Cod. Just. 6, 61, 5:

ubi lectio aliqua falsitate notata est,

Isid. 1, 20, 3; so,

pervulgati juris,

Amm. 30, 4, 18:

datā lectione quae non sit intellectu difficilis,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 163: quia Moyses prius hoc statuit, sicut lectio manifestat, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 7, 1 prooem.

ōrātĭo, ōnis, f. [oro], a speaking, speech, discourse, language

In gen., the connection of words to express thought:

non est autem in verbo modus hic, sed in oratione, id est, in continuatione verborum,

Cic. 3, 42, 167.

Speech, the power or faculty of speech, the habit or use of language:

quae (ferae) sunt rationis et orationis expertes,

Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50:

natura vi rationis hominem conciliat homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem,

id. ib. 1, 4, 12.—

Speech, language, utterance; opp. to fact, action, etc.:

lenitudo orationis, mollitudo corporis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

idque videns Epicurus re tollit, oratione relinquit deos,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

qui sunt leves locutores... eorum orationem bene existimatum est in ore nasci, non in pectore,

Gell. 1, 15, 1:

nam quid te igitur rettulit beneficum esse oratione, si ad rem auxilium emortuum est,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 19:

ut in vitā, sic in oratione, nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre,

Cic. Or. 21, 70: qualis homo ipse esset, talem ejus esse orationem;

orationi autem facta similia, factis vitam,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 47:

partes igitur orationis secundum dialecticos duae, nomen et verbum,

parts of speech, Prisc. 2, 4, 15.—

Hence, a mode of speaking; a kind, manner, style of speech; language:

quin tu istanc orationem hinc veterem atque antiquam amoves. Nam proletario sermone nunc utere,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 155: nam opulenti cum loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3: quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit, id. ap. Non. p. 512, 8:

aliam nunc mihi orationem despoliato praedicas,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 52: Creta est profecto horum hominum oratio, quam orationem [p. 1275] hanc aures dulce devorant, id. Poen. 5, 2, 9:

(Andria et Perinthia) non ita sunt dissimili argumento, sed tamen Dissimili oratione,

Ter. And. prol. 11.—Esp. (in gram.): oratio obliqua, indirect speech, the use of dependent clauses in citing the language of others:

quam (orationem) obliquam Pompeius Trogus exposuit (opp. to conciones directae),

Just. 38, 3, 11.—Hence,

Mode of speech, language, use of language, style:

mollis est enim oratio philosophorum,

Cic. Or. 19, 64:

(fabulae) tenui oratione et scripturā levi,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 5:

ut Stoicorum est astrictior oratio aliquantoque contractior, quam aures populi requirunt, sic illorum (Peripateticorum) liberior et latior, quam patitur consuetudo judiciorum et fori,

Cic. Brut. 31, 120:

orationem Latinam efficies profecto legendis nostris pleniorem,

id. Off. 1, 1, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 1.—

Esp., the language of any people or nation:

Timaeus in historiis quas oratione Graecā composuit,

Gell. 11, 1, 1:

semper cum Graecis Latina (exempla) conjunxi... ut par sis in utriusque orationis facultate,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 1.—

In partic., formal language, artificial discourse, set speech (opp. to sermo, ordinary speech, conversational language):

mollis est oratio philosophorum et umbratilis, nec verbis instructa popularibus nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius: itaque sermo potiusquam oratio dicitur. Quamquam enim omnis locutio oratio est, tamen unius oratoris locutio hoc proprio dignata nomine est,

Cic. Or. 19, 64; cf.:

et quoniam magna vis orationis est eaque duplex, altera contentionis, altera sermonis, contentio disceptationibus tribuatur judiciorum, contionum, senatus, sermo in circulis, disputationibus, congressionibus familiarium versetur, sequatur etiam convivia,

id. Off. 1, 37, 132.—Hence,

A set speech, harangue, discourse, oration:

(oratio) ut gravis, ut suavis, ut erudita sit, ut liberalis, ut polita, ut sensus, ut doloris habeat quantum opus sit, non est singulorum articulorum: in toto spectantur haec corpore, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 96; cf.

the context: illam orationem disertam sibi et oratoriam videri, fortem et virilem non videri,

id. ib. 1, 54, 231:

hanc habere orationem mecum principio institit,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 21:

pleraeque scribuntur orationes habitae jam, non ut habeantur,

Cic. Brut. 24, 91:

non est haec oratio habenda apud imperitam multitudinem,

id. Mur. 29, 61:

ignarus faciundae ac poliendae orationis,

id. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

in orationibus hisce ipsis judiciorum, contionum, senatus,

id. ib. 1, 16, 73:

quanta illa, di immortales, fuit gravitas, quanta in oratione majestas! sed adfuistis, et est in manibus oratio,

id. Lael. 25, 96:

qui orationem adversus rem publicam habuissent, eorum bona in publicum adducebat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 5:

ab adulescentiā confecit orationes,

Nep. Cat. 3, 3:

Catonis aliae acerbae orationes extant, etc.,

Liv. 39, 42, 6:

oratio plebi acceptior,

id. 3, 69:

accurata et polita,

Cic. Brut. 95, 326:

longa,

Liv. 34, 5:

acris et vehemens,

Quint. 5, 13, 25:

admirabilis,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 94:

angusta et concisa, opp. collata et diffusa,

id. Or. 56, 187:

aspera, tristis, horrida, neque perfecta neque conclusa, opp. laevis et structa et terminata,

id. ib. 5, 20:

circumcisa et brevis,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 4:

rotunda et undique circumcisa,

Quint. 8, 5, 27:

cohaerens,

Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 173:

concinna,

id. ib. 3, 25, 98:

stabilis, opp. volubilis,

id. Or. 56, 187.—

Transf.

The power of oratory, eloquence:

tantam vim habet illa, quae recte a bono poëtā dicta est, flexamina atque omnium regina rerum oratio, ut non modo inclinantem excipere aut stantem inclinare, sed etiam adversantem ac repugnantem ut imperator fortis ac bonus capere possit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187:

satis in eo fuisse orationis atque ingenii,

id. Brut. 45, 165:

non enim verendum est ne te in tam bonā causā deficiat oratio,

Lact. 2, 3.—

Prose (opp. to poetry):

et in poëmatis et in oratione,

Cic. Or. 21, 70.—

(In gram.) A sentence, a clause expressing a complete sense:

oratio est ordinatio dictionum congrua sententiam perfectam demonstrans,

Prisc. 2, 4, 15:

oratio dicitur liber rhetoricus, necnon unaquaeque dictio hoc saepe nomine nuncupatur cum plenam ostendit sententiam,

id. ib.: defectio litterae, et syllabae, et dictionis, et orationis, id. 17, 1, 5.—

(Under the empire.) An imperial message, rescript:

orationes ad senatum missae,

Suet. Ner. 15:

oratio principis per quaestorem ejus audita est,

Tac. A. 16, 27:

orationesque in senatu recitaret etiam quaestoris vice,

Suet. Tit. 6; cf. id. Aug. 65.—

A prayer, an address to the Deity (eccl. Lat.):

respice ad orationem servi tui,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 8, 28:

per orationes Dominum rogantes,

id. 2 Macc. 10, 16:

pernoctans in oratione Dei,

id. Luc. 6, 12.—Also absol., prayer, the habit or practice of prayer:

perseverantes in oratione,

Vulg. Act. 1, 14:

orationi instate,

id. Col. 4, 2; cf. Gell. 13, 22, 1.

per-scrībo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a.

Lit., to write in full or at length, to write out, to write without abbreviations (cf.: conscribo, compono): verbo non perscripto, not being written in full, Tiro Tullius ap. Gell. 10, 1, 7:

in M. Catonis quartā Origine ita perscriptum est,

written out, written in full, Gell. 10, 1, 10:

notata, non perscripta erat summa,

Suet. Galb. 5:

est circa perscribendas vel paucioribus litteris notandas voces studium necessarium,

Val. Prob. Not. Sign. 1.—

Transf.

To write a full description of, to write in full or at length, to write out:

nunc velim mihi plane perscribas, quid videas,

Cic. Att. 3, 13, 2:

de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

id. Fam. 5, 3, 2:

hoc perscriptum in monumentis veteribus reperietis, ut, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 32, 88: res populi Romani a primordio urbis, Liv. praef. init.:

versum puris verbis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 54. —

To write or note down; to enter, register, Caes. B. C. 1, 6:

quoniam nondum perscriptum est senatūs consultum, ex memoriā vobis, quid senatus censuerit exponam,

Cic. Cat. 3, 6, 13:

in tabulas publicas ad aerarium perscribenda curavit,

id. Verr. 1, 21, 57; 2, 1, 35, § 89.—Hence, tabulae ubi aera perscribantur usuraria, i. e. inscribed, but never paid out, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 53.—Esp., of entering in an account-book:

falsum nomen,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 1, 1.—

To write a full account of to any one, to announce, relate, or describe in writing or by letter:

rem gestam in Eburonibus perscribit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 47; id. B. C. 1, 53:

perscribit in litteris hostes ab se discessisse,

id. B. G. 5, 49:

orationem alicui,

Cic. Fam. 5, 4, 2:

omnia,

id. ib. 14, 5, 1.—

To make over in writing, to assign any thing to any one:

argentum perscripsi illis, quibus debui,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 30:

pecuniam,

Cic. Fl. 19, 44; cf. id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

si quid usurae nomine numeratum aut perscriptum fuisset,

Suet. Caes. 42; cf. Liv. 24, 18.—

To draw a line across, to cross a written character = diagraphein (post-class.):

as nummus est libralis et per I perscriptam notatur †: dupondius nummus est bilibris per duas II perscriptas H, etc.... denarius quoque decem librarum nummus per X perscriptam notatur *,

Prisc. de Ponder. p. 1347 P.

pŏpŭlus (contr. POPLVS, Inscr. Column. Rostr. in Corp. Inscr. Lat. 195, 17, Plaut. Am. prol. 101; 1, 1, 103; id. Aul. 2, 4, 6; id. Cas. 3, 2, 6 et saep.—Also written POPOLVS, Corp. Inscr. Lat. 197, 15 al.; nom. plur. poploe, Carm. Sal. ap. Fest. p. 205 Müll.; v. pilumnoe) [from root pleof pleo; v. plenus], i, m., a people, the people.

Lit.

In gen. (cf.:

gens, natio): res publica res populi: populus autem non omnis hominum coetus quoquo modo congregatus, sed coetus multitudinis juris consensu et utilitatis communione sociatus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 25, 39:

populus Romanus,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 12: exspectabat populus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 90 Vahl.):

tene magis salvum populus velit an populum tu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 27: casci populi Latini, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Müll. (Ann. v. 24 Vahl.):

hi populi: Atellani, Calatini, etc.,

Liv. 22, 61 fin. —

Esp.

The people, opp. to the Senate, in the formula senatus populusque Romanus (abbreviated S. P. Q. R.), saep.; cf.:

et patres in populi fore potestate,

Liv. 2, 56.—

Opp. to the plebs:

non enim populi, sed plebis eum (tribunum) magistratum esse,

Liv. 2, 56:

ut ea res populo plebique Romanae bene eveniret,

Cic. Mur. 1, 1.—

Rarely for plebs, the populace:

dat populus, dat gratus eques, dat tura senatus,

Mart. 8, 15, 3: urbanus, the citizens (opp. to the military), Nep. Cim. 2, 1.—

Transf.

A region, district, regarded as inhabited:

frequens cultoribus alius populus,

Liv. 21, 34, 1 (cf. Gr. dêmos).—

A multitude, host, crowd, throng, great number of persons or things ( poet. and in postAug. prose):

ratis populo peritura recepto,

i. e. with the great multitude of passengers, Luc. 3, 665:

fratrum,

Ov. H. 14, 115:

in tanto populo sileri parricidium potuit,

Just. 10, 1:

sororum,

Ov. H. 9, 52; App. Mag. p. 304:

apum,

Col. 9, 13, 12:

populus totidem imaginum,

Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 129; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5:

spicarum,

Pall. 7, 2:

scelerum,

Sid. Ep. 6, 1 fin.:

concursus in forum populi,

Liv. 22, 7, 6.—

The public, i. e. the open street ( poet.): omnis habet geminas janua frontis, E quibus haec populum spectat;

at illa Larem,

Ov. F. 1, 136.

pōpŭlus, i, f. [root pamp-, pap-, to swell; Lat. papula, papilla, pampinus], a poplar, poplar-tree, Plin. 16, 23, 35, § 85; 16, 18, 31, § 77; 17, 11, 15, § 78; Ov. H. 5, 27;

sacred to Hercules,

Verg. E. 7, 61; Ov. H. 9, 64; Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3:

alba,

the silver-poplar, Hor. C. 2, 3, 9.

princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:

ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:

princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,

Liv. 21, 4:

princeps Horatius ibat,

first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:

princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,

Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:

Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,

were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:

princeps in agendo,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:

omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,

was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:

princeps et solus bellum his indixit,

Nep. Thras. 1, 5:

princeps in haec verba jurat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,

to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:

qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:

matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,

Ov. F. 2, 714:

princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

Verg. A. 11, 620:

princeps ante omnes,

first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:

quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,

Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:

qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,

original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

mensis Romani anni,

Col. 11, 2, 3:

addere principi Limo particulam,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:

dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):

longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,

Cic. Or. 19, 62:

Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,

id. Div. 2, 42, 87:

quaedam principes feminae,

certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:

principe loco genitus,

id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:

gemma princeps Sardonychus,

Juv. 13, 138.—

As subst.: princeps, cĭpis, m., the first man, first person:

princeps senatŭs,

the first senator on the censor's list, the first member of the Senate, Liv. 34, 44.—

Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:

quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

juventutis,

one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:

sacerdotum,

the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —

A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:

princeps atque architectus sceleris,

Cic. Clu. 22, 60:

Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:

princeps Argonautarum,

i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,

id. Sest. 45, 97:

conjurationis,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:

eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,

id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:

regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,

id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

(pueri) aequalium principes,

first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

gregis,

i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:

principes sententiarum consulares,

who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:

hujus consilii principes,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

belli inferendi,

first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:

jam princeps equitum,

at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:

hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,

Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—

A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):

principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—

A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):

hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:

quae non faciet quod principis uxor,

Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—

In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,

A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:

octavum principem duxit,

was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—

A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:

princeps tertiae legionis,

Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—

The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:

omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,

Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.

Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.