-
21 work
1) работа; труд; действие; функционирование2) обработка3) обрабатываемая заготовка; обрабатываемая деталь; обрабатываемое изделие4) механизм5) конструкция6) мн. ч. завод; фабрика; мастерские; технические сооружения; строительные работы7) мн. ч. работающие части механизма, подвижные органы механизма8) работать; обрабатывать9) действовать, двигаться, поворачиваться ( о подвижных частях механизмов)10) коробиться•work performed with materials in a smaller quantity — работа, выполненная с недостаточным использованием материалов
work performed without the necessary diligence — работа, выполненная небрежно
work which is not in accordance with specifications — работа, не соответствующая техническим требованиям
work which is not in accordance with the requirements of the engineer — работа, не отвечающая требованиям инженера
to work down — 1) осаживать ( вниз); оседать 2) обрабатывать на меньший размер
to work in — вделывать, вмонтировать
to work into — углубляться во что-либо, уходить внутрь
to work off — 1) соскакивать, соскальзывать ( во время работы) 2) снимать (напр. стружку)
to work on — действовать на что-либо, оказывать влияние на что-либо
to work out — 1) разрабатывать (план, проект) 2) вырабатывать (что-либо) из чего-либо (напр. вытачивать, выстрагивать, выфрезеровывать) 3) выскакивать, выпадать во время работы
to work over — обрабатывать вторично, перерабатывать, подвергать переработке
to work upon — действовать на что-либо, оказывать влияние на что-либо
- work executed - work in process - work of acceleration - work of deformation - work of ideal cycle - work of resistance - work on arbour - works under way - access to works - actual progress of works - amendment of the date of completion of works - amount of the executed works - applied work - asphalt work - assessment of works - auxiliary work - bank work - bargain work - beat-cob work - betterment work - black and white work - bluff work - bonus work - bosh brick work - branch work - branched work - bright work - carpenter's work - cast steel work - cessation of works - chased work - check of works - checking of works - chequer work - chequered work - cindering work - civil works - civil and erection works - clay work - clearing work - commencement of works - completed works - completion of works - concrete work - diversion work - condensing works - construction works - consumed work - continuous execution of works - contract works - cost of works - cost of uncovering works - covered-up works - date of commencement of works - date of completion of works - day-to-day work - day wage work - dead work - defective works - delay in completion of works - delayed completion of works - demolition works - description of works - design and survey works - desilting works - diaper work of bricklaying - drainage work - dredge work - dressing works - drove work - earth works - effective work - embossed work - emergency works - engineering works - erecting works - erection works - examination of works - excavation works - execution of works - expected period of works - extension of the time for completion of works - external work - face work - fascine work - field works - finely finished work - finishing work - fitter's works - flat trellis work - float work - forming work - forthcoming works - frosted rustic work - gauge work - gauged work - geologic works - geological works - grading works - gunite work - heading work - health work - hot work - hydro-meteorologic works - hydro-meteorological works - inadequate progress of works - incomplete lattice work - indicated work - inlaid work - inspection of works - installation work - intake works - irrigation works - jack works - jobbing work - joggle work - ladder work - line work - link work - locksmith's work - machine work - main works - maintenance work - management of works - maritime works - metal work - milling work - motion work - multiple lattice work - nature of works - neat work - negative work - night work - no-load work - odd works - on the site works - order of execution of works - outlet work - outstanding works - overhead works - panel work - partially completed works - part of works - paternoster work - period of works - period of execution of works - permanent works - pilot-scale work - plane frame work - planer work - pneumatic work - port work - portion of works - pottery work - precision work - preliminary works - preparatory works - pressure cementing work - programme of works - progress of works - proper execution of works - prospecting works - public works - pump works - quantity of works - rag work - R and D work - random work - range work - reclamation work - recoverable-strain work - recuperated work - reflected work - reliability of works - relief work - remedial works - repair work - repairing work - required work - research work - resumption of works - retaining works - reticulated work - right of access to works - river training works - rustic work - safety of works - schedule of works - scope of work - shaper work - sheet metal work - shift work - smith and founder work - spillway works - starting work - step-by-step check of works - step-by-step checking of works - stick and rag work - stoppage of works - subcontract works - submarine work - substituted works - sufficiency of works - supervision for works - supervision for of works - survey work - survey and research works - suspension of works - taking over of works - task work - temporary work - test work - test-hole work - three-coat work - through-carved work - time for completion of works - timely completion of works - tool work - topiary work - topographic works - topographical works - track work - treatment works - trellis work - trench work - trestle work - turning work - uncompleted works - uncovering of works - upon completion of works - variations in works - variations of works - volume of works - wiring work - X-ray workto complete works (in the time stipulated in the contract) — завершать работы (в срок, оговорённый в контракте)
* * *1. работа2. изделие3. обработка4. возводимый объект (строительства) ( по подрядному договору); конструкция, сооружение5. работа, мощность6. pl сооружение, сооружения7. pl завод, фабрика, мастерскиеwork above ground — наземные работы ( в отличие от подземных и подводных); работы, производимые на поверхности земли
work below ground ( level) — подземные работы
work carried out on site — работы, выполненные на стройплощадке
work done in sections — работа, выполненная отдельными секциями [частями]
work in open excavations — работы в открытых выемках [горных выработках]
work in progress — (строительные) работы в стадии выполнения, выполняемые [производимые] (строительные) работы; объект в стадии строительства
work in water — работы, производимые в воде [под водой]
work near water — работы, производимые близ водоёмов или рек
- work of deformationwork on schedule — работы в процессе выполнения ( по графику); работы, предусмотренные планом [графиком]
- work of external forces
- work of internal forces
- above-ground works
- additional work
- agricultural works
- alteration work
- ashlar work
- auxiliary work
- avalanche baffle works
- axed work
- backfill work
- backing masonry work
- bag work
- bench work
- block work
- brewery works
- brick work
- broken-color work
- brush work
- building work
- building site works
- carcass work
- carpenter's work
- cement works
- chemical production works
- civil engineering work
- coast protection works
- cob work
- completed work
- complicated building work
- concrete work
- concrete block masonry work
- concrete masonry work
- constructional work
- construction work
- continuous shift work
- contract work
- coursed work
- crib work
- day work
- dead work
- defective work
- defence works
- deformation work
- demolition work
- development work
- diver's works
- diversion works
- donkey work
- drainage works
- earth work
- earth-moving work
- elastic work of a material
- electric work
- electricity production works
- emergency work
- enclosed construction works
- engineering works
- erection work
- erosion protection works
- excavation works
- experimental work
- external work
- extra work
- facing work
- factory work
- fascine work
- finishing work
- finish work
- floating construction works
- flood-control works
- flood-protection works
- floor work
- floor-and-wall tiling work
- floor covering work
- food industry production work
- foundation work
- funerary works
- further day's work
- gas works
- gauged work
- glazed work
- glazier's work
- half-plain work
- hammered work
- hand work
- handy work
- heat insulation work
- heavy work
- highly mechanized work
- hot work
- in-fill masonry work
- innovative construction work
- insulating work
- intake works
- internal work in the system
- ironmongery work
- joinery work
- land retention works
- landslide protection works
- loading works
- manual work
- marine works
- metallurgical processing works
- night work
- nonconforming work
- office work
- off-the-site work
- one-coat work
- open-air intake works
- open construction works
- ornamental works
- ornate work
- outlet works
- overhang work
- overhead work
- permanent works up to ground level
- petroleum extraction works
- piece work
- pitched work
- plaster work
- plumbing work
- power production works
- precast works
- production works
- promotion work
- protection works
- protective works
- public works
- random ashlar work
- refurbishment work
- refuse disposal works
- refuse incineration works
- regulation works
- reinforced concrete work
- research work
- reticulated work
- road transport works
- roof tiling work
- rubble ashlar masonry work
- sanitary works
- sea defence works
- sediment exclusion works
- sewage disposal works
- single construction works
- smillage-axed work
- solid plaster work
- steel construction works
- steel works
- steel plate work
- structural restoration work
- surface transport works
- temporary works
- textile work
- three-coat work
- tiling work
- training works
- transport works
- treatment works
- two-coat work
- underground work
- underwater work
- unloading works
- vermiculated work
- virtual work
- waste disposal works
- water works
- water treatment works -
22 work
1) работа || работать2) действие; функционирование || действовать; функционировать3) обработка || обрабатывать4) заготовка; обрабатываемая деталь; обрабатываемое изделие5) мн. ч. завод; мастерские; фабрика6) мн. ч. инженерное сооружение; конструкция7) мн. ч. подвижные органы; действующие элементы (конструкции, механизма)10) изделие; продукция12) печать || печатать•to work out — 1. разрабатывать ( конструкцию) 2. улучшать ( характеристики) 3. вырабатывать ( решение);-
aerial work
-
all-glass work
-
appurtenant works
-
art work
-
assembly work
-
batch work
-
beach nourishment work
-
black work
-
block work
-
boring work
-
bright work
-
broaching work
-
brush work
-
bundling work
-
cabinet work
-
carbonized work
-
checker work
-
chucking work
-
cinematographic work
-
classification work
-
clerical work
-
cold work
-
color process work
-
color work
-
construction work
-
contour-cutting work
-
copying work
-
creep feed work
-
cutting area work
-
desilting works
-
development work
-
diagrammatic work
-
die work
-
discharge works
-
disposal works
-
distributing works
-
diversion works
-
downhole wireline work
-
drainage work
-
dredging work
-
dressing works
-
drilling work
-
erecting work
-
fascine work
-
finishing work
-
first operation work
-
fish conservation works
-
flood protection works
-
floor work
-
foundry work
-
friction work
-
glass work
-
grinding work
-
Gunite work
-
hardened work
-
head works
-
heavy-duty work
-
high-pressure outlet works
-
hot-cold work
-
hydraulic works
-
integrated iron-and-steel works
-
irrigation works
-
jib-stick work
-
jobbing work
-
joggle work
-
lathe work
-
line work
-
live-line work
-
machine work
-
maintenance work
-
maritime works
-
mat work
-
measurement-based work
-
mechanical work
-
milling work
-
neat work
-
nonexacting work
-
nonintegrated steel works
-
office work
-
one-coat work
-
outlet works
-
out-of-tolerance work
-
overhead line work
-
overtime work
-
pallet-mounted work
-
paper work
-
patch work
-
photographic work
-
pit work
-
pneumatic work
-
pointed work
-
point-to-point work
-
pottery work
-
precision work
-
printing works
-
prototype work
-
pump works
-
R and D work
-
radiochemical works
-
random work
-
range work
-
reclamation work
-
reconnaissance work
-
recoverable strain work
-
rectification works
-
recuperated work
-
retaining work
-
river-training work
-
road work
-
robot development work
-
rose work
-
roughing work
-
rough work
-
rustic work
-
sanitary works
-
scratch work
-
semi-integrated works
-
sewage works
-
sheet metal work
-
shunting work
-
starting work
-
steel works
-
sunk work
-
surface work
-
survey work
-
tender work
-
thicknessing work
-
three-coat work
-
tool room work
-
tool work
-
treatment works
-
two-coat work
-
two-up or four-up, six-up work
-
unattended work
-
wagon works
-
wastewater treatment works
-
wiring work
-
work of deformation -
23 Cubitt, William
[br]b. 1785 Dilham, Norfolk, Englandd. 13 October 1861 Clapham Common, Surrey, England[br]English civil engineer and contractor.[br]The son of a miller, he received a rudimentary education in the village school. At an early age he was helping his father in the mill, and in 1800 he was apprenticed to a cabinet maker. After four years he returned to work with his father, but, preferring to leave the parental home, he not long afterwards joined a firm of agricultural-machinery makers in Swanton in Norfolk. There he acquired a reputation for making accurate patterns for the iron caster and demonstrated a talent for mechanical invention, patenting a self-regulating windmill sail in 1807. He then set up on his own as a millwright, but he found he could better himself by joining the engineering works of Ransomes of Ipswich in 1812. He was soon appointed their Chief Engineer, and after nine years he became a partner in the firm until he moved to London in 1826. Around 1818 he invented the treadmill, with the aim of putting prisoners to useful work in grinding corn and other applications. It was rapidly adopted by the principal prisons, more as a means of punishment than an instrument of useful work.From 1814 Cubitt had been gaining experience in civil engineering, and upon his removal to London his career in this field began to take off. He was engaged on many canal-building projects, including the Oxford and Liverpool Junction canals. He accomplished some notable dock works, such as the Bute docks at Cardiff, the Middlesborough docks and the coal drops on the river Tees. He improved navigation on the river Severn and compiled valuable reports on a number of other leading rivers.The railway construction boom of the 1840s provided him with fresh opportunities. He engineered the South Eastern Railway (SER) with its daringly constructed line below the cliffs between Folkestone and Dover; the railway was completed in 1843, using massive charges of explosive to blast a way through the cliffs. Cubitt was Consulting Engineer to the Great Northern Railway and tried, with less than his usual success, to get the atmospheric system to work on the Croydon Railway.When the SER began a steamer service between Folkestone and Boulogne, Cubitt was engaged to improve the port facilities there and went on to act as Consulting Engineer to the Boulogne and Amiens Railway. Other commissions on the European continent included surveying the line between Paris and Lyons, advising the Hanoverian government on the harbour and docks at Hamburg and directing the water-supply works for Berlin.Cubitt was actively involved in the erection of the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851; in recognition of this work Queen Victoria knighted him at Windsor Castle on 23 December 1851.Cubitt's son Joseph (1811–72) was also a notable civil engineer, with many railway and harbour works to his credit.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1851. FRS 1830. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1850 and 1851.Further ReadingObituary, 1862, Minutes of 'the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 21:552– 8.LRD -
24 Salt, Sir Titus
[br]b. 20 September 1803 Morley, Yorkshire, Englandd. 29 December 1876 Saltaire, Yorkshire, England[br]English industrialist, social reformer and entrepreneur who made his fortune by overcoming the problems of utilizing alpaca wool in the production of worsted, and established the early model town at Saltaire.[br]Titus Salt arrived in Bradford with his father, who was a wool merchant in the town, in 1822. He soon set up his own company and it was there that he experimented with the textile worsted. Alpaca wool comes from an animal of the camel family that resembles the llama, and flocks of domesticated breeds of the animal had been raised in the high Andes since the days of the Incas. The wool was introduced into Europe via Spain and, later, Germany and France. The first attempts to spin and weave the yarn in England were made in 1808, but despite experimentation over the years the material was difficult to work. It was in 1836 that Salt evolved his method of utilizing a cotton warp with part alpaca weft. The method proved a great success and Bradford gained a reputation as a manufacturing centre for alpaca wool, exporting both yarn and cloth in quantity, especially to the USA. By 1850 Salt, who owned six mills, was Bradford's biggest employer and was certainly its richest citizen. He decided to move out of the city and built a new mill works, the architects of which were Lockwood and Mawson, on the banks of the River Aire a few miles from the city. Around the works, between 1851 and 1871, he built houses, a hospital, library, church, institute and almshouses for his workers. The buildings were solid, good-standard structures of local stone and the houses were pleasantly situated, with their amenities making them seem palaces compared to the slums in which other Bradford textile workers lived at the time. The collection of buildings was the first example in Britain of a "model new town", and was, indeed still is, a remarkable prototype of its kind. Apart from being a philanthropist and social reformer, Salt was also concerned with taking advantage of the technical developments of his time. His mill works, which eventually covered ten acres of land, was of fashionably Italianate architectural style (its chimney even a copy of the campanile of the Church of Santa Maria Gloriosa in Venice), although its structure was of iron framing. The weaving shed held 1,200 looms and had capacity for 3,000 workers, who produced 30,000 yards of cloth per day. Water from the river was used to produce steam to power the matchinery used in the manufacturing processes of scouring, dyeing and finishing. For the export of goods, the nearby Leeds-Liverpool Canal linked the works to Britain's chief ports, and the Midland Railway (an extension of the LeedsBradford line which opened in 1846) was of great use for the same purpose.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Baronet 1869.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.Visitors Guide to Salt aire, Bradford City Council.DY -
25 Giles, Francis
[br]b. 1787 Englandd. 4 March 1847 England[br]English civil engineer engaged in canal, harbour and railway construction.[br]Trained as a surveyor in John Rennie's organization, Giles carried out surveys on behalf of Rennie before setting up in practice on his own. His earliest survey seems to have been on the line of the proposed Weald of Kent Canal in 1809. Then in 1811 he surveyed the proposed London \& Cambridge Canal linking Bishops Stortford on the Stort with Cambridge and with a branch to Shefford on the Ivel. In the same year he surveyed the line of the Wey \& Arun Junction Canal, and in 1816, in the same area, the Portsmouth \& Arundel Canal. In 1819 he carried out what is regarded as his first independent commission—the extension of the River Ivel Navigation from Biggleswade to Shefford. At this time he was helping John Rennie on the Aire \& Calder Navigation and continued there after Rennie's death in 1821. In 1825 he was engaged on plans for a London to Portsmouth Ship Canal and also on a suggested link between the Basingstoke and Kennet \& Avon Canals. Later, on behalf of Sir George Duckett, he was Engineer to the Hertford Union Canal, which was completed in 1830, and linked the Regent's Canal to the Lee Navigation. In 1833 he completed the extension of the Sankey Brook Navigation from Fiddler's Ferry to the Mersey at Widnes. One of his last canal works was a survey of the River Lee in 1844. Apart from his canal work, he was appointed Engineer to the Newcastle \& Carlisle Railway in 1829 and designed, among other works, the fine viaducts at Wetheral and Cor by. He was also, for a very short time, Engineer to the London \& Southampton Railway. Among other commissions, he was involved in harbour surveys and works at Dover, Rye, Holyhead, Dundee, Bridport and Dun Laoghaire (Kingstown). He was elected a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1842 and succeeded Telford on the Exchequer Bill Loans Board.[br]Further Reading1848, Memoir 17, London: Institution of Civil Engineers, 9.JHB -
26 run
1. I1) set off running пуститься бежать; run and fetch the doctor сбегай за врачом; when I called he came running когда я позвал его, он тут же прибежал /примчался/; the enemy ran противник бежал; he dropped his gun and ran он бросил ружье и пустился наутек; I must run мне надо бежать /срочно идти/2) a ball (a sledge, etc.) runs мяч и т.д. катится; a wheel (a spindle, etc.) runs колесо вращается /вертится/3) water (blood, etc.) runs вода и т.д. течет /льется/; the pus was running сочился гной; the ice cream (the jelly, the coating, etc.) is beginning to run мороженое и т.д. потекло; the candle ran свеча оплыла; the butter ran масло растаяло; this ink does not run эти чернила не расплываются; colours are guaranteed not to run прочность красок гарантируется; I'm afraid the colours ran when I washed that skirt к сожалению, юбка в стирке полиняла; wash this towel separately the dye runs стирай это полотенце отдельно run оно линяет || let water run спустить воду4) the tap (the barrel, the vessel, the kettle, etc.) runs кран и т.д. течет; who has left the tap running? кто оставил кран открытым /не закрыл кран/?; this pen runs ручка течет /сажает кляксы/; his nose is running у него течет из носу, у него насморк; his eyes are running у него слезятся глаза; we laughed till our eyes ran мы смеялись до слез; an ulcer (a wound, a sore, etc.) that runs язва и т.д., которая гноится5) trains (buses, boats, ships, etc.) run поезда и т.д. ходят; trams are not running трамваи не ходят6) a motor (a machine, the works, etc.) runs мотор и т.д. работает; the lift is not running лифт не работает; leave the engine running не выключай мотор; the plant has ceased running завод встал /остановился/; the clock (the watch) runs часы идут /ходят/7) time runs время летит /мчится/8) several days running несколько дней подряд; he hit the target seven times running он попал в цель семь раз подряд9) the agreement (the contract, the lease of the house, etc.) has two more years to run срок соглашения и т.д. действует еще два года10) my stocking has run у меня на чулке спустилась петля; stockings guaranteed not to run чулки с неспускающимися петлями2. II1) run in some manner run run fast (slowly, noiselessly, etc.) бегать быстро и т.д.; the horse runs well лошадь хорошо бежит /идет/, у лошади хороший ход; run somewhere run about бегать повсюду, суетиться, сновать взад и вперед; let the dogs run about пусть собаки побегают /порезвятся/; the children are running about дети играют /резвятся/; chickens run about as soon as they are out of the shell стоит только цыплятам вылупиться, как они начинают бегать; run up /upstairs/ (down/downstairs/) бегать вверх (вниз) [по лестнице]; run upstairs and get the iodine сбегай наверх и принеси йод; run at some time I must run now мне пора бежать /уходить/2) run in some manner the river runs quietly (smoothly, sluggishly, etc.) река течет спокойно и т.д.; the current is running strong сейчас сильное течение; the tide is running strong вода сильно поднимается (при приливе), blood ran in torrents кровь лилась ручьями; his ideas ran freely его мысли текли свободно; run somewhere the water has run out вся вода вытекла3) run at some time these pens (such taps, etc.) often run эти ручки и т.д. часто текут4) run at some time these trains (the steamers, the buses, etc.) run daily /every day/ (every ten minutes, etc.) эти поезда и т.д. ходят ежедневно и т.д.; the traffic runs day and night движение на улице не прекращается ни днем ни ночью; the 9 o'clock train is not running today девятичасовой поезд сегодня отменен /не ходит/5) run in some manner an engine (a sewing-machine, etc.) runs smoothly (well, badly, efficiently, etc.) мотор и т.д. работает ритмично и т.д.; the саг is running nicely машина идет хорошо; the printing-press doesn't run properly печатный станок плохо работает; the drawer doesn't run easily ящик открывается /выдвигается/ с трудом; how does your new watch runrun? как идут ваши новые часы?6) run for some time is the film still running? этот фильм еще идет?7) run somewhere the road (the boundary, the forest, etc.) runs east (north and south, up, etc.) дорога и т.д. идет /тянется/ на восток и т.д.; the river runs south река течет на юг; new streets will run here здесь пройдут /будут проложены/ новые улицы8) run in some manner months (years, days, etc.) run fast быстро проходит месяц за месяцем; time runs fast время летит быстро; his life runs smoothly (quietly, etc.) жизнь его течет спокойно /гладко/ и т.д.; how time runs! как бежит /летит/ время!9) run for some time this law (this bill) will run much longer этот закон (этот билль) будет действовать значительно дольше; run at /in/ some place regions (places, offices, etc.) where these rules do not run районы и т.д., где не действуют эти правила /на которые не распространяются эти правила/; this writ doesn't run here здесь это постановление /распоряжение/ не действует / не имеет силы/10) run in some manner the letter (the note, the clause, the contract, etc.) ran thus... письмо и т.д. гласило следующее...; so the story ran вот что говорилось в рассказе; this is how the tune runs вот как звучит эта мелодия; I don't remember how the first line runs я не помню первую строку11) run somewhere the ship /the boat/ ran aground корабль сел на мель; the boat ran ashore лодка врезалась в берег12) run at some time silk stockings often (sometimes) run на шелковых чулках часто (иногда) спускаются петли; run in some manner these stockings run easily на этих чулках очень легко спускаются петли; эти чулки быстро рвутся13) run in some manner all my arrangements ran smoothly все шло, как было обусловлено; is everything running well in your office? на работе у вас все в порядке?, дела на работе идут нормально?3. III1) run smth. run a mile (six miles. etc.) пробежать милю и т.д., участвовать в беге на одну милю и т.д.; run a distance бежать на какую-л. дистанцию; run a race участвовать в забеге /в скачках/; the children ran races дети бегали наперегонки2) run smth. run errands /messages/ быть посыльным; быть на посылках; I want you to run an errand я хочу послать тебя с поручением3) run smb., smth. run a fox (a hare, a stag, etc.) гнать /преследовать лису/ и т.д.; run a false scent идти по ложному следу; run cattle (horses, etc.) гнать скот и т.д.; run logs сплавлять /гнать/ лес /бревна/4) run smth. run extra (special) trains пускать дополнительные (специальные) поезда5) run smth. run cargoes (a cargo of coffee, etc.) перевозить /транспортировать/ грузы и т.д.; run arms (drugs, liquor, narcotics. etc.) нелегально /контрабандой/ ввозить в страну оружие и т.д.6) run smth., smb. run a blockade прорвать /прорваться через/ блокаду; run the rapids пройти /преодолеть/ пороги; run the guard проскользнуть /пройти незамеченным/ мимо охраны7) run smth. run a саг (a bus, a taxi, etc.) водить машину и т.д.; he runs a blue Volga он ездит на голубой "Волге"; run the engine запускать мотор /двигатель/; run a tractor (a sewing-machine, a ferry, etc.) работать на тракторе и т.д.; can you run a washing-machine? вы умеете обращаться со стиральной машиной?; run a bath наполнить ванну8) run some time the play ran one hundred nights пьеса выдержала сто представлений9) run smth. this cinema runs a series of Italian films в этом кинотеатре идет показ итальянских фильмов10) run some distance the river (the road, etc.) run 200 miles река (дорога и т.д.) тянется на 200 миль11) || run its course идти своим чередом; the illness must run its course болезнь должна идти своим ходом; the war was running its course война все продолжалась12) run smth. run a business (a bus company, a factory, etc.) управлять предприятием и т.д.; run a theatre (a newspaper, a youth club, etc.) руководить театром и т.д.; run a shop (a hotel, etc.) заведовать магазином и т.д.; run a competition (a match, a race, etc.) проводить соревнования и т.д.; run the external affairs of a country направлять внешнюю политику государства, руководить внешней политикой страны; run a new system of payment осуществлять /внедрять/ новую систему оплаты; run smb.'s house вести чье-л. хозяйство; she runs the household она ведет хозяйство; весь дом на ней; run the show cool. заправлять чем-л.; who is running the show? кто здесь главный?; run one's life (one's fortune) самому строить свою жизнь (свое счастье); run experiments ставить /проводить/ опыты; run a blood test сделать анализ крови13) run smb. run a candidate выставлять чью-л. кандидатуру, выдвигать кого-л. кандидатом14) semiaux run smth. run debts залезать в /делать/ долги; run a temperature температурить15) id run smth. run a risk (the risk of discovery, the risk of losing one's job, a danger, the danger of being fired, the chance of being suspect of theft, etc.) подвергаться риску и т.д.; run chances положиться на счастье4. IV1) run smth. т some time this bus (a car, ale.) runs 40 miles (an hour, etc.) автобус и т.д. делает сорок миль в час и т.д.; we ran 20 knots a day мы делали двадцать узлов в день2) run smb. in some manner run smb. (too) fast гнать кого-л. (очень) быстро; run smb. somewhere run a horse up and down прохаживать лошадь [взад и вперед]; run the gun out выкапывать орудие; run the car downhill (uphill) ехать на машине с горы (в гору)3) run smth. at some time run a bus every three minutes отправлять автобус каждые три минуты; run cars day and night держать машины на линии круглые сутки, обеспечивать работу у машин круглосуточно4) run smb. somewhere run smb. home отвозить кого-л. домой; run smb. out выгнать кого-л.5) run smth. for (in) some time run the machine (the press, etc.) 24 hours a day работать на машине и т.д. двадцать четыре часа в сутки /круглосуточно/; run 500 barrels of oil daily (1000 bottles of milk a day, etc.) выпускать 500 бочек масла и т.д. в день6) run smth. at some time run a film often (twice a week, six times, etc.) демонстрировать /показывать/ фильм часто и т.д.; I'll run the first part of the film through again я прокручу еще раз первую часть фильма7) run smth. at some time interviews (oral examinations, the programme, etc.) ran twenty minutes behind интервью и т.д. началось на двадцать минут позже; the rehearsal (the meeting, etc.) can ten minutes earlier репетиция и т.д. началась на десять минут раньше8) run smth. somewhere run a ship aground посадить корабль на мель; run a boat (a ship) ashore направить лодку корабль) к берегу5. V1) run smb. some distance run a fox (a hare, etc.) five miles (a long distance, the length of the field, etc.) преследовать /гнать/ лису и т.д. пять миль и т.д.2) run smb. some sum of money the dress (this picture, this boat, the new house, this car, etc.) will run you a considerable sum of money это платье и т.д. будет вам дорого стоить6. VIsemiaux run smb. to some state run smb. breathless гонять кого-л. до изнеможения || run smb. close (hard) не уступать кому-л., быть чьим-л. опасным противником /соперником/; run smth. close быть почти равным чему-л.; run it fine иметь (времени, денег) в обрез7. XI1) be run after she is much run after a) с ней многие ищут знакомства; б) за ней многие ухаживают; I hate to feel that I am being run after терпеть не могу, когда за мной бегают2) || be run off one's feet coll. сбиться с ног; I was run off my feet that day я набегался за день3) be run into smth. molten metal is run into moulds расплавленный металл разливают в формы4) be run at some time sleepingcars (express trains, these boats, etc.) are run twice a week (on week days, etc.) поезда со спальными вагонами и т.д. ходят два раза в неделю и т.д.; be run somewhere these trains are run between X and Y эти поезда курсируют между X и Y5) be run on smth. trains (buses, etc.) are run on electricity (on coal, on steam, etc.) поезда и т.д. работают на электричестве и т.д.; be run at smth. be run at some cost обходиться в определенную сумму (об эксплуатации машины и т.п.); this car can be run at a small cost расходы на эксплуатацию этой машины очень невелика6) be run on smth. this book is to be run on good paper эта книга будет издана на хорошей бумаге7) be run through he was run through and through ему было нанесено множество колотых ран; be run through by smth. he was run through by a bayonet его пронзили штыком, его закололи штыком8) be run at some time the race (the match, the competition, etc.) will be run tomorrow (next week, etc.) скачки и т.д. состоятся /будут проводиться/ завтра и т.д.; the cup will be run for today сегодня состоятся соревнования на кубок /состоится розыгрыш кубка/; be run in some condition the Derby was run in a snowstorm (in rain, etc.) дерби проводилось во время сильного снегопада /вьюги/ и т.д.; be run as (on) smth. this business (it, this scheme, etc.) is run /is being run/ as a commercial enterprise /on a commercial basis/ это дело и т.д. ведется на коммерческой основе; be run by smb. he is (hard) run by his wife (by his secretary, etc.) он под башмаком у своей жены и т.д.; the school is run by a committee школа управляется советом8. XIIIrun to do smth. run to catch the train (to meet us, to see what is going on, etc.) бежать /торопиться/, чтобы успеть на писал и т.д.; she ran to help us она бросилась нам на помощь9. XV1) run in some state run free /loose/ бегать на свободе; let the dog run loose дай собаке побегать на воле2) run in some order run second (third, etc.) a) бежать вторым и т.д.; б) идти /прийти/ вторым и т.д.; my horse ran last моя лошадь пришла последней /заняла последнее место/3) abs run parallel идти /бежать/ параллельно /бок о бок/ || run foul of smth. налететь на что-л.; run foul of a hidden reef налететь на скрытый риф; run foul of the law нарушить закон; run foul of smb. вызвать чье-л. недовольство; the ships ran foul of each other корабли столкнулись [в море]4) semiaux run to some state run low /short/ a) понижаться, опускаться; б) иссякать; our provisions /our supplies, our stock, our stores /are running low /short/ наши запасы кончаются /на исходе/; I am running short of time у меня остается мало времени; run dry высыхать, пересыхать; the well ran dry колодец высох; the river ran dry река пересохла; my imagination ran dry моя фантазия иссякла, мое воображение истощилось; run cold похолодеть; my blood ran cold у меня кровь застыла в жилах; run hot нагреваться; wait till the water runs hot at the tap подожди, пока из крана пойдет горячая вода; run clear быть чистым; rivers run clear вода в реках частая; run high a) подниматься; б) возрастать; the sea runs high море волнуется; the waves run high волны вздымаются; the tide runs high /strong/ прилив нарастает, вода прибывает; feelings /passions/ run high страсти бушуют; the debates ran high споры разгорелись; the prices run high цены растут; run strong набирать силу; run mad сходить с ума; run wild не знать удержу; she lets her children run wild она оставляет детей без присмотра; the garden ran wild сад запущен; we are letting the flowers run wild за цветами у нас никто не ухаживает; his imagination ran wild у него разыгралось воображение; run a certain size apples (pears, potatoes, etc.) run big (small, etc.) this year яблоки и т.д. в этом году крупные и т.д.10. XVI1) run about (across, around, up, down, in, etc.) smth. run about the streets (about the fields, about the garden, in the pastures, in the yard, etc.) бегать по улицам и т.д.; run across the road (across the street, across the square, etc.) перебегать дорогу и т.д.; run down the road (down the street, down the hill, down the path, down the mountain, down the lane, etc.) бежать вниз по дороге и т.д.; run along the wall (along the bank of the river, etc.) бежать вдоль стены и т.д.; run up the path (up the mountain, etc.) бежать вверх по тропинке и т.д.; run out of the house (out of the room, etc.) выбежать из дома и т.д.; run into a room вбежать в комнату; run through the garden (through the yard, through the village, etc.) пробегать через сад и т.д.; every morning he ran around the garden to keep in condition каждое утро он бегал по саду, чтобы быть в форме; run to /towards/ smth., smb. run towards the door (to the coming visitors, to her son, etc.) подбежать /броситься/ к двери и т.д.; run before (behind, past, by, etc.) smb. run before the crowd (behind the marchers, by her past the waiting people, etc.) бежать впереди толпы и т.д.; he ran past her without saying "hello" он пробежал мимо и даже не поздоровался; run before the wind идти по ветру2) run after smb., smth. run after the burglar (after the thief, after a rabbit, etc.) гнаться за грабителем и т.д.; don't bother running after the bus, you'll never catch it какой толк бежать за автобусом, все равно его не догонишь; run after him, he's left his wallet behind догони его, он забыл свой бумажник; who's running after you? кто за вами гонится?; I can't keep running after you all day! coll. я не могу бегать за тобой весь день!; run from smth., smb. run from the village (from the enemy, from danger, etc.) бежать из деревни и т.д.; run to (for) smth., smb. run to smb.'s help поспешить кому-л. на помощь; run to the post-office сбегать на почту; run for the doctor (for the police, etc.) сбегать за врачом и т.д.; run for a prize бежать на приз; run to smb. for help бежать к кому-л. за помощью; run to his mother (to his parents, etc.) with every little problem бегать к матери и т.д. с каждой мелочью; run in smth. run in a race участвовать в забеге /в соревнованиях по бегу/ || run for one's life colt. бежать во весь дух; run for it coll, бежать что есть мочи3) run after smb. coll. she runs after every good-looking man in the village она бегает за каждым красивым парнем в деревне; you shouldn't run after him не надо вешаться ему на шею, run after the great увлекаться великими людьми: run after smth. coll. he runs after the country club set он стремится попасть в круг членов загородного клуба; run after new theories увлекаться новыми веяниями4) run along (over, past, on, etc.) smth. run along the highway (along the streets, over the hill, over slippery roads, through the city, etc.) двигаться /мчаться, нестись/ по шоссе и т.д.; cars run along these roads по этим дорогам движутся автомобили; sledges run well over frozen snow сани хорошо скользят по мерзлому снегу, the train ran past the signal поезд проскочил светофор; the ball ran past the hole шарик прокатился мимо лунки; the ball ran over the curb and into the street мяч перекатился через обочину и попал /выкатился/ на дорогу; run on snow (on macadam roads, etc.) передвигаться /катиться, скользить/ по снегу и т.д.; trains run on rails поезда ходят по рельсам; the table runs on wheels стол передвигается на колесиках; file drawers run on ball bearings каталожные ящики двигаются /выдвигаются, ходят/ на подшипниках; the fire ran along the ground огонь побежал по земле the fire ran through the-building огонь охватил все здание; run at some speed run at a very high speed (at full speed, at 60 miles an hour, etc.) двигаться с очень большой скоростью и т.д. the train ran at an illegal speed поезд шел с превышением предела скорости5) run at smb. run at the enemy (на)броситься на врага6) run down ( along, into, to, from, at, etc.) smth. run down the wind screen (down the rain-pipe, down the slope, down smb.'s face, down her cheeks,.etc.) катится /стекать/ по ветровому стеклу и т.д.; the rapids run over the rocks на камнях вода образовывает пороги; run over the table (over the floor, etc.) растекаться или рассыпаться по столу и т.д.; wax ran down the burning candle воск оплывал и стекал по горящей свече; the river runs into the ocean (into the sea, etc.) река впадает в океан и т.д.; water is running into the bath в ванну наливается вода; water runs from a tap (from a cistern from a cask, etc.) из крана и т.д. бежит /льётся вода; sweat was running from his forehead (from his face) у него по лбу (по лицу) струился пот; blood ran from a wound (from a cut, etc.) из раны и т.д. потекла кровь; tears ran from her eyes у нее из глаз катились слезы; he is running at the nose (at the mouth) у него течет из носу (изо рта); I felt tile blood running to my head я чувствовал, как кровь бросилась мне в голову; good blood runs in his veins в его жилах течет хорошая кровь; the colours (the dyes) run in the washing при стирке краски линяют; run with smth. run with sweat взмокнуть от пота, обливаться потом; his eyes ran with tears у него глаза наполнились слезами; the floor (the streets, etc.) ran with water (with blood, with wine, etc.) пол и т.д. был залит водой и т.д.; run off smb. water ran off him с него стекала вода id run off smb. as /like/ water off a duck's back = как с гуся вода; her words (scoldings, admonitions, etc.) ran off him like water off a duck's back на все ее слова и т.д. он не обращал ни малейшего внимания7) run to (between) smth. a morning train runs to Paris (to the south, to this city, etc.) в Париж и т.д. ходит утренний поезд; trains (boats, buses, etc.) run between the capitals of these countries (between these towns, between London and the coast. etc.) между столицами этих стран и т.д. ходят /курсируют/ поезда и т.д.8) run on (off) smth. cars run on gasoline автомобили работают на бензине; the apparatus runs off the mains аппаратура работает от сети9) run for some time the play ran for 200 nights (for a year) пьеса выдержала двести спектаклей (шла целый год); the picture runs for 3 hours фильм идет три часа; the interval sometimes runs to as much as half an hour антракт иногда длится полчаса; run at some place the play (the film) is now running at the Lyceum пьеса сейчас идет в театре "Лицеум"10) run across ( along, through, over, up, etc.) smth. the road (the path, etc.) runs across the plain (along the river, along the shore, through the wood, over a hill, up the mountain, close to the village, right by my house, at right angles to the highway, etc.) дорога и т.д. проходит по равнине и т.д.; a corridor runs through the house по всей длине дома тянется коридор; shelves run round the walls (round the room) по всем стенам (по всей комнате) идут полки; a fence runs round the house дом обнесен забором: ivy runs all over the wall (up the side of the house, upon other plants, etc.) плющ вьется по всей стене и т.д.; vine.runs over the porch крыльцо увито виноградом; a scar runs across his left cheek через всю его левую щеку проходит шрам; run from smth. to smth. the chain of mountains runs from north to south горная цепь тянется с севера на юг; shelves run from floor to ceiling полки идут от пола до потолка; this road runs from the village to the station эта дорога идет от деревни к станции; run for some distance the river ( the unpaved section, the path, etc.) runs for 200 miles (for eight miles, etc.) река и т.д. тянется на двести миль и т.д.11) run in smth. what sizes do these dresses run in? каких размеров бывают в продаже эти платья?; run in certain numbers иметь определенные номера; on this side house numbers run in odd numbers по этой стороне [улицы] идут нечетные номера домов12) run over smth. his fingers ran over the strings (over the piano, over the keys, etc.) он пробежал пальцами по струнам и т.д.; run over one's pockets ощупать свой карманы; run over the seams of the boat осмотреть /ощупать/ швы лодки13) run down ( over, through, etc.) smth. a cheer ran down the line (down the ranks of spectators) возгласы одобрения /крики ура/ прокатились по строю (по рядам зрителей); a murmur (a whisper) ran through the crowd по толпе пробежал /прокатился/ ропот (шепот); the news ran all over the town новость облетела весь город; rumours ran through the village (through the town, etc.) no деревне и т.д. прошли /разнеслись/ слухи; a thought (an idea, etc.) ran in /through/ his head /his mind/ у него в голове пронеслась /промелькнула/ мысль и т.д.; this idea run-s through the whole book эта идея проходит через /пронизывает/ всю книгу; the song (the old tune, his words, a snatch of their conversation, etc.) kept running in my mind /through my head/ эта песенка и т.д. неотвязно звучала у меня в ушах; his influence runs through every department его влияние чувствуется /ощущается/ во всех отделах; run up /down/ smth. a cold shiver ran up /down/ his spine холодная дрожь пробежала у него по спине; a sharp pain ran up /down/ his arm (his spine, his leg, etc.) он почувствовал острую боль в руке и т.д.14) run into smth. days ran into weeks дни складывались в недели; one year ran into the next шел год за годом15) run (up)on smth. the talk (the whole argument, etc.) ran on this point (on this subject, upon the past, on this problem, on the matter, on the same event, on the recent occurrence, etc.) разговор и т.д. вертелся вокруг этого вопроса и т.д.; the conversation ran on politics разговор шел о политике; the boy's thoughts /mind/ kept running on the same theme (on food, on the event, etc.) мальчик все время думал об одном и том же и т.д. || run along familiar lines касаться привычных тем, думать или говорить традиционно16) run for some time the law (the contract, the lease, etc.) runs for 3 years этот закон и т.д. имеет /сохраняет/ силу в течение трех лет; your interest runs from January 1st to December 31 вам начисляются проценты с первого января по тридцать первое декабря17) run out of smth. we have run out of sugar (out of provisions, out of food, out of petrol, out of tobacco, out of bread, etc.) у нас кончился сахар и т.д.18) run over (through, down) smth. run over one's notes (over these proofs, over the story, through one's mail, through the main points of the subject, down the list of names, etc.) просмотреть /пробежать глазами/ свои заметки и т.д.; her eyes ran over the room она окинула комнату беглым взглядом; his eyes ran down the front row and stopped suddenly он глазами пробежал по первому ряду, и вдруг его взгляд на ком-то задержался; don't run through your work so fast не делайте свою работу в спешке19) run over/through/ smth. just run over /through/ my lines with me before the rehearsal begins повторите со мной роль до начала репетиции; we'll run over that song again мы еще раз пропоем эту песенку; she ran over his good points она перечислила его достоинства; run through the scene оживить в своей памяти эту сцену20) run in (on, etc.) smth. the account (the story, the article, etc.) ran in all the papers сообщение и т.д. было напечатано /опубликовано/ во всех газетах; this item ran under a sensational heading эта информация была напечатана под сенсационным заголовком; political cartoons run on the editorial page политические карикатуры печатаются /помещаются/ на той же полосе, где и передовая статья || run in certain words быть сформулированным определённым образом; the order ran in these words приказ был сформулирован именно следующими словами21) run into /through /smth. the book (his novel, etc.) ran into /through/ 5 editions (10 impressions, thousands of copies, etc.) эта книга выдержала пять изданий и т.д.22) run through smth. run through a fortune (through the money he won, through his winnings, etc.) растратить /растранжирить/ наследство и т.д.; he ran through his father's money very quickly он очень быстро промотал отцовские деньги; money runs through his fingers [like water through a sieve], he runs through money quickly деньги у него не задерживаются; we run through a lot of sugar in a week мы расходуем много сахара за неделю23) run in (to) some amount his income (her bank account, their inheritance, etc.) runs to ten or twelve thousand pounds его доходы и т.д. исчисляются в десять-двенадцать тысяч фунтов; our hotel bill ran to t 500 наш счет за гостиницу достиг суммы в пятьсот фунтов /равняется пятистам фунтам/; the losses run into five figures убытки выражаются в пятизначных числах; a boat like that runs into a lot of money (to a pretty penny) такая лодка стоит больших денег (станет в копеечку); prices run from 50 pence to a pound цены колеблются от пятидесяти пенсов до одного фунта; my money won't run to a car на машину у меня не хватит денег; we can't run to a holiday abroad this year в этом году мы себе не можем позволить провести отпуск за границей; the story (the manuscript, etc.) runs to 16 pages (to three volumes, etc.) рассказ и т.д. занимает шестнадцать страниц и т.д.; her letter ran to a great length она написала очень длинное письмо24) run against (into, on, at, etc.) smth. run against /into/ a tree (into a wall, into a bank of soft mud, at the railing, etc.) налететь на дерево и т.д., врезаться в дерево и т.д.; run against a rock (on a mine, etc.) наскочить на скалу и т.д.; run into a patch of thick mist (into a gale, into a storm, etc.) попасть в густой туман и т.д.25) run into (across, etc.) smb. run into each other (into an old classmate, into an old friend, etc.) случайно встретить друг друга и т.д.; run across smb. in the street столкнуться с кем-л. на улице; when did you last run across him? когда вы с ним последний раз виделись?; you never know whom you'll run into at a party никогда не знаешь, кого встретишь на вечеринке26) run into (across) smth. run into danger (into trouble, into mischief, etc.) попасть в опасное положение и т.д.; run into difficulties очутиться в затруднительном положении; run into debts залезть в долга; run across one of his earliest recordings (across the first edition of this book in a second-hand bookshop, etc.) натолкнуться на /случайно найти/ одну из его ранних записей и т.д.; he ran across her name in the phone book он случайно встретил /увидел/ ее имя в телефонной книге; run against smth. this runs against my interests это идет вразрез с моими интересами27) run for smth. run for parliament (for office, for the presidency, for governor, etc.) баллотироваться в члены парламента и т.д.; run in smth. run in an election баллотироваться на выборах; how many candidates is the Liberal Party running in the General Election? сколько кандидатов выставляет либеральная партия на выборах?; run against smb. whom will the Republicans run against the Democratic candidate? кого выставят республиканцы против кандидата от демократической партии?28) aux run in smth. musical talent (courage, broadmindedness, red hair, etc) runs in the family (in the blood) музыкальность и т.д. - их семейная черта (у них в крови); run to smth. run to sentiment /to sentimentality/ (to fat, etc.) быть склонным /расположенным/ к сентиментальности и т.д.; they run to big noses (to red hair, to being overweight, etc.) in that family в их семье у всех большие носы и т.д.; the novel runs to long descriptions в романе слишком много затянутых описаний11. XIX11) run like smb., smth. run like a deer /like a hare, like the devil, like hell, like blazes, like anything/ бежать во весь опор /что есть мочи/2) run like smth. news (rumours) run like wildfire (like lightning) новости (слухи) распространяются как лесной пожар (с быстротой молнии)12. XX31) run in some manner run as hard as one can бежать во весь опор2) || run as follows гласить следующее; the conversation ran as follows... разговор был такой...13. XXI11) run smth. in (over) smth. run two miles in six minutes проехать две мили за шесть минут; run a race over a mile бежать на дистанцию в одну милю;2) run smb. across (out of, etc.) smth. run a horse across a field погонять лошадь по полю; run oneself out of breath бежать так, что начинаешь задыхаться3) run smb., smth. (in)to (off, out of, etc.) smth. run a fox to cover /to earth/ загнать лису в нору; they ran him off his property его согнали с собственной земля; run smb. out of the country выдворить кого-л. из страны; run a саг into a garage (a ship into harbour, a cart into the yard, etc.) завезти машину в гараж и т.д.4) run smth. in (to) smth. run some water into glasses (milk into casks, lead into moulds, etc.) наливать воду в стаканы и т.д.; run bullets into a mould отливать пули; run oil in a still рафинировать масло; run smth. for smb., smth. run a hot tub for smb. сделать для кого-л. горячую ванну; run the water for a tub наполнять ванну водой5) run smth. to smth. run ships (trains, etc.) to London водить корабли и т.д. в Лондон; run smth. between smth. run trains (buses, etc.) between these towns пускать поезда и т.д. между этими городами; run a ferry between these villages соединить эти деревни паромом; run smth. from smth. to smth. run trains ( line of mail-boats, etc.) from the capital to other cities пускать поезда и т.д. из столицы в другие города; run smth. during smth. run extra trains during rush hours пускать дополнительные поезда в часы пик6) run smth., smb. across (into, to, etc.) smth. run guns (narcotics, drugs, etc.) across the border (into the country) провозить /переправлять/ оружие и т.д. [контрабандой] через границу (в какую-л. страну); run smb. up to town отвозить кого-л. в город7) run smth. at smth. run a factory at a loss иметь от фабрики один убытки; run a саг at small cost тратить на содержание машины немного денег; run smth. off smth. she runs her electric sewing-machine off the mains ее электрическая швейная машина работает от сети; run smth., smb. in smth. run a car (a bicycle, etc.) in a race участвовать в автогонках и т.д.; he runs horses in races a) он жокей; б) он держит конюшню /скаковых лошадей/8) run smth. across (around, from... to, etc.) smth. run a partition across a room разгородить комнату перегородкой; run a rope across the street натянуть канат через улицу; run a fence around the lot обнести участок забором; run a telephone cable from one place to another проложить /провести/ телефонный кабель от одного пункта в другой, соединять два пункта телефонным кабелем9) run smth. against (over, through, etc.) smth. run one's fingers (one's hand) against a door (over a surface, over the seams of the boat, etc.) провести пальцами (рукой) по двери и т.д.; ощупать дверь и т.д.; run a comb through one's hair расчесать волосы гребнем; run one's hand over one's hair пригладить волосы ладонью; run one's fingers over the strings of a harp (over the keys of a piano, etc.) пробежать пальцами по струнам арфы и т.д.; run one's eyes over a page (over a letter, etc.) пробежать глазами страницу и т.д.; run one's finger down the list просмотреть список, водя по строчкам пальцем; run one's pencil through these names (through a word, etc.) зачеркнуть эти фамилии и т.д. карандашом; run a line on a map (over a surface, etc.) провести /прочертить/ линию на карте и т.д.10) run smth. behind smth. run a few minutes behind schedule (behind time) не укладываться в расписание (во времени); if we run ten minutes behind schedule the whole evening's viewing will be thrown out of gear если расписание сдвинется больше, чем на десять минут, то программа всего вечера будет нарушена; the programmes are running 10 minutes behind schedule наши программы сегодня запаздывают на десять минут11) run smb., smth. through smth. run the actors through their parts заставить актеров повторить свои роли или партии; I'd like to run you through that scene я бы хотел, чтобы вы еще раз провели эту сцену12) run smth. to smth. run tile rumour to its source выяснить источник слухов; run a quotation to earth выяснить, откуда взята цитата13) run smth. on smth. run the story (this account, the article, this cartoon, etc.) on page one напечатать рассказ и т.д. на первой странице14) run smth., smb. into (on) smth., smb. run a саг into a tree (into a wall, into a post, etc.) врезаться машиной в дерево и т.д.; run a ship on a rock разбить корабль о скалу; run the troops into an ambush загнать или заманить войска в засаду; he ran me into a сор из-за него я налетел на полицейского; run smb. into a corner загнать кого-л. в угол; run smth. against smth. run one's head against a wall стукнуться /удариться/ головой о стену; run one's nose against a post (against a wall, etc.) разбить нос о столб и т.д.15) run smth. into (through) smth., smb. run a nail into a board забить /загнать/ гвоздь в доску; run a splinter into one's toe (into one's foot, into one's finger, etc.) занозить палец и т.д.; run a thorn (a needle) into one's finger загнать шип (иголку) в палец; run a knife into a loaf разрезать буханку хлеба ножом; run a thread through an eyelet (a rope through a loop) продеть нитку в иголку (веревку в петлю); run a sword through one's enemy пронзить /проколоть/ своего противника шпагой; run smb. through with smth. run a man through with a sword проткнуть кого-л. шпагой16) || run a stocking on smth. рвать чулок обо что-л.; run a stocking on a nail разодрать чулок о гвоздь17) run smth. for smb. who runs his house for him? кто ведет у него хозяйство?18) run smb. (in)to smth. run smb. into expense ввести кого-л. в расход; run smb. into debts заставить кого-л. влезть в долги; run oneself to death до смерти забегаться || this ran me clean off my legs я из-за этого столько бегал, что теперь ног под собой не чую19) aux run smth. on (at) smth. I can't afford to run a car on my salary на свою зарплату я не могу содержать машину; run 60 head of cattle on this ranch держать на ранчо шестьдесят голов скота; run an account at the grocery иметь счет у бакалейщика14. XXV1) run if... (when..., etc.) you'll have to run if you want to catch the train тебе придется бежать, если ты хочешь успеть на поезд; he used to run when he was at college когда он был студентом, он занимался бегом2) run when the colour of the dress ran when it was washed платье полиняло в стирке3) run that... the story (the rumour) runs that... по рассказам (по слухам)... -
27 by
I 1. prepositionby the window/river — am Fenster/Fluss
2) (to position beside) zu3) (about, in the possession of) bei4)5)by herself — etc. see academic.ru/34615/herself">herself 1)
6) (along) entlangby the river — am od. den Fluss entlang
7) (via) über (+ Akk.)leave by the door/window — zur Tür hinausgehen/zum Fenster hinaussteigen
we came by the quickest/shortest route — wir sind die schnellste/kürzeste Strecke gefahren
8) (passing) vorbei an (+ Dat.)run/drive by somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas vorbeilaufen/vorbeifahren
9) (during) beiby day/night — bei Tag/Nacht; tagsüber/nachts
10) (through the agency of) vonwritten by... — geschrieben von...
11) (through the means of) durchhe was killed by lightning/a falling chimney — er ist vom Blitz/von einem umstürzenden Schornstein erschlagen worden
heated by gas/oil — mit Gas/Öl geheizt; gas-/ölbeheizt
by bus/ship — etc. mit dem Bus/Schiff usw.
by air/sea — mit dem Flugzeug/Schiff
12) (not later than) bisby now/this time — inzwischen
by the time this letter reaches you — bis dich dieser Brief erreicht
by the 20th — bis zum 20.
13) (indicating unit of time) pro; (indicating unit of length, weight, etc.) -weiseby the second/minute/hour — pro Sekunde/Minute/Stunde
you can hire a car by the day or by the week — man kann sich (Dat.) ein Auto tageweise oder wochenweise mieten
day by day/month by month, by the day/month — (as each day/month passes) Tag für Tag/Monat für Monat
cloth by the metre — Stoff am Meter
sell something by the packet/ton/dozen — etwas paket-/tonnenweise/im Dutzend verkaufen
10 ft. by 20 ft. — 10 [Fuß] mal 20 Fuß
14) (indicating amount)two by two/three by three/four by four — zu zweit/dritt/viert
15) (indicating factor) durch16) (indicating extent) umwider by a foot — um einen Fuß breiter
17) (according to) nach18) in oaths bei2. adverbby [Almighty] God — bei Gott[, dem Allmächtigen]
1) (past) vorbeidrive/run/flow by — vorbeifahren/-laufen/-fließen
2) (near)close/near by — in der Nähe
3)IIby and large — im großen und ganzen
* * *1. preposition2) (past: going by the house.) vorbei3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) über4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) von7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) um8) (during the time of.) während9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) um10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) mal12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) von2. adverb1) (near: They stood by and watched.) dabei2) (past: A dog ran by.) vorbei3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) beiseite•- bygones: let bygones be bygones- bypass 3. verb- by-product- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way* * *by[baɪ]I. prep1. (beside) bei, ana hotel \by the river ein Hotel am Flussmy desk is \by the window mein Schreibtisch steht am Fenstercome and sit \by me komm und setz dich zu mir [o neben mich]\by the roadside am Straßenrand\by sb's side an jds Seite2. (part of sb/sth) beito grab sb \by the arm jdn am Arm packento seize sb \by their hair jdn am Schopf packento take sb \by the hand jdn bei der Hand nehmen3. (past and beyond) vorbeihe drove \by our house er ist an unserem Haus vorbeigefahrenshe walked \by me without speaking sie ging, ohne etwas zu sagen, an mir vorbei\by the door durch die Tür4. (not later than) bis\by five o'clock/tomorrow [spätestens] bis fünf Uhr/morgen\by 14 February [spätestens] bis zum 14.02.\by now [or this time] inzwischenshe ought to have arrived \by now sie müsste inzwischen angekommen sein\by the time... bis...\by the time [that] this letter reaches you I will have left London wenn dieser Brief dich erreicht, werde ich schon nicht mehr in London sein5. (during) beithey ate \by candlelight sie aßen bei Kerzenlicht\by day/night tagsüber [o bei Tag] /nachts [o bei Nacht6. (happening progressively) fürthe children came in two \by two die Kinder kamen in Zweiergruppen hereinthe situation becomes worse \by the day die Lage verschlechtert sich von Tag zu Tagbit \by bit nach und nachday \by day Tag für Tagminute \by minute Minute um Minute, im Minutenabstand7. (agent) von, durchthe cake is made \by Anne der Kuchen ist von Anne [gebacken], den Kuchen hat Anne gebackenan attack \by the enemy ein Angriff durch den Feind, ein Feindangriffa book/painting \by Irene ein Buch/ein Gemälde von Irenea decision \by his father eine Entscheidung seines Vaters8. (cause) von, durchthe damage was caused \by fire der Schaden wurde durch einen Brand verursacht\by chance durch Zufall, zufällig\by contrast im GegensatzRichard, \by contrast, works very much Richard hingegen arbeitet sehr vieldeath \by misadventure Tod durch Unfall9. (with -ing)you switch it on \by pressing this button man schaltet es ein, indem man auf diesen Knopf drückt10. (method) mitto pay \by cheque mit Scheck bezahlento contact sb \by letter jdn anschreiben11. (means of transport) mitto travel \by air fliegen\by boat/bus/car/train mit dem Schiff/Bus/Auto/Zugto travel \by road über Land fahrento travel \by sea auf dem Seeweg reisen12. (parent) vonshe's his daughter \by his second wife sie ist seine Tochter mit seiner zweiten Frau [o aus zweiter Ehe]a black filly \by Golden Summer ein schwarzes Fohlen von Golden Summer13. (term) mitwhat is meant \by ‘cool’? was bedeutet ‚cool‘?14. (name of a person) beihe mostly calls her \by her last name er redet sie meistens mit ihrem Nachnamen an15. (according to) nach, vonI'm German \by birth von Geburt bin ich Deutsche\by my watch it's six o'clock nach meiner Uhr ist es sechshe could tell \by the look on her face that... er konnte an ihrem Gesichtsausdruck ablesen, dass...\by law, he's still a child dem Gesetz nach [o laut Gesetz] ist er noch ein Kindthat's all right \by me ich bin damit einverstandento live \by the rules sich akk an die Vorschriften halten\by trade [or profession] von Beruf16. (quantity)he rented the car \by the day er hat den Wagen tageweise gemietetit's sold \by the metre es wird am Meter verkauftto sell \by the dozen/hundred/thousand zu Dutzenden/Hunderten/Tausenden verkaufento get paid \by the hour stundenweise bezahlt werden17. (margin) umprices went up \by 20% die Preise sind um 20 % gestiegenthe bullet missed her \by two centimetres die Kugel verfehlte sie um zwei Zentimeter [o ging nur zwei Zentimeter an ihr vorbei]it would be better \by far to... es wäre weitaus besser,...18. (measurements) malthe room measures 5 metres \by 8 metres das Zimmer misst 5 mal 8 Meter19. MATH8 multiplied \by 3 equals 24 8 mal 3 macht 248 divided \by 4 equals 2 8 geteilt durch 4 ist 2he multiplied it \by 20 er hat es mit 20 multipliziert20. (in oaths) beiI swear \by Almighty God that... ich schwöre bei dem allmächtigen Gott, dass...1. (past) vorbeiexcuse me, I can't get \by Entschuldigung, ich komme nicht vorbeitime goes \by so quickly die Zeit vergeht so schnellto come \by vorbeikommenI'll come \by tomorrow ich komme morgen mal vorbeito drive \by vorbeifahrento pass \by vorbeikommento speed \by sb/sth an jdm/etw vorbeisausen2. (near) in der Näheclose \by ganz in der Nähe, in unmittelbarer Nähe3. (in reserve)4.▶ \by and large im Großen und Ganzento live \by oneself allein leben; (unaided) selbsthe can dress \by himself er kann sich selbst [o alleine] anziehen▶ \by the \by nebenbei bemerktwhere's Jane, \by the \by? wo ist denn eigentlich Jane?* * *[baɪ]1. prep1) (= close to) bei, an (+dat); (with movement) an (+acc); (= next to) neben (+dat); (with movement) neben (+acc)by the window/fire/river — am or beim Fenster/Feuer/Fluss
by the sea — Ferien pl an der See
come and sit by me — komm, setz dich neben mich
2) (= via) über (+acc)3)(= past)
to go/rush etc by sb/sth — an jdm/etw vorbeigehen/-eilen etc4)= during) by day/night — bei Tag/Nacht5) (time = not later than) biscan you do it by tomorrow? — kannst du es bis morgen machen?
by the time I got there, he had gone — bis ich dorthin kam, war er gegangen
but by that time or by then I had realized that... — aber bis dahin war mir klar geworden, dass...
but by that time or by then it will be too late —
but by that time or by then he will have forgotten — aber bis dann or dahin hat er es schon vergessen
6)by the inch/kilo/hour/month — zoll-/kilo-/stunden-/monatsweise7) (indicating agent, cause) vonindicated by an asterisk —
8)(indicating method, means, manner: see also nouns)
by bus/car/bicycle — mit dem or per Bus/Auto/Fahrrador check (US) — mit Scheck bezahlen
by daylight/moonlight — bei Tag(eslicht)/im Mondschein
to know sb by name/sight — jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen her kennen
to be known by the name of... — unter dem Namen... bekannt sein
by myself/himself etc — allein
9)by saving hard he managed to... — durch eisernes Sparen or dadurch, dass er eisern sparte, gelang es ihm...
by turning this knob —
by saying that I didn't mean... — ich habe damit nicht gemeint...
animals which move by wriggling — Tiere, die sich schlängelnd fortbewegen
he could walk by supporting himself on... — gestützt auf... könnte er gehen
10) (according to: see also nouns) nachto call sb/sth by his/its proper name — jdn/etw beim richtigen Namen nennen
if it's OK by you/him etc — wenn es Ihnen/ihm etc recht ist
it's all right by me — von mir aus gern or schon
11) (measuring difference) umit missed me by inches — es verfehlte mich um Zentimeter
12) (MATH, MEASURE)to divide/multiply by — dividieren durch/multiplizieren mit
13)(points of compass)
South by South West — Südsüdwest14) (in oaths) beiI swear by Almighty God —
by heaven, I'll get you for this — das sollst or wirst du mir, bei Gott, büßen!
15)by the right! (Mil) — rechts, links...!
16)2. adv1)(= past)
to pass/wander/rush etc by — vorbei- or vorüberkommen/-wandern/-eilen etc2)(= in reserve)
to put or lay by — beiseitelegen3)by and by — irgendwann; (with past tense) nach einiger Zeit* * *by1 [baı]A präpa house by the river ein Haus beim oder am Fluss;side by side Seite an Seite3. über (akk):4. auf (dat), entlang (akk oder dat) (Weg etc):come by another road eine andere Straße entlangkommen6. (zeitlich) bis zu, bis um, bis spätestens:be here by 4.30 sei spätestens um 4 Uhr 30 hier;a) bis dahin, unterdessen,b) um diese Zeit, (ungefähr) zu diesem Zeitpunkt; → now1 Bes Redew8. nach, …weise:9. nach, gemäß:it is ten by my watch nach oder auf meiner Uhr ist es zehn11. von, durch (Urheberschaft):she has a son by him sie hat einen Sohn von ihm;he has a daughter by his first marriage er hat eine Tochter aus erster Ehe;a play by Shaw ein Stück von Shaw;12. mittels, mit Hilfe von, mit, durch:written by pencil mit Bleistift geschrieben;by listening durch Zuhören;13. um (bei Größenverhältnissen):be (too) short by an inch um einen Zoll zu kurz sein14. MATHa) mal:b) durch:B adv1. nahe, da(bei):by and large im Großen und Ganzen;a) bald, demnächst,b) nach und nach,* * *I 1. preposition1) (near, beside) an (+ Dat.); bei; (next to) nebenby the window/river — am Fenster/Fluss
2) (to position beside) zu3) (about, in the possession of) bei4)5)by herself — etc. see herself 1)
6) (along) entlangby the river — am od. den Fluss entlang
7) (via) über (+ Akk.)leave by the door/window — zur Tür hinausgehen/zum Fenster hinaussteigen
we came by the quickest/shortest route — wir sind die schnellste/kürzeste Strecke gefahren
8) (passing) vorbei an (+ Dat.)run/drive by somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas vorbeilaufen/vorbeifahren
9) (during) beiby day/night — bei Tag/Nacht; tagsüber/nachts
10) (through the agency of) vonwritten by... — geschrieben von...
11) (through the means of) durchhe was killed by lightning/a falling chimney — er ist vom Blitz/von einem umstürzenden Schornstein erschlagen worden
heated by gas/oil — mit Gas/Öl geheizt; gas-/ölbeheizt
by bus/ship — etc. mit dem Bus/Schiff usw.
by air/sea — mit dem Flugzeug/Schiff
12) (not later than) bisby now/this time — inzwischen
by the 20th — bis zum 20.
13) (indicating unit of time) pro; (indicating unit of length, weight, etc.) -weiseby the second/minute/hour — pro Sekunde/Minute/Stunde
you can hire a car by the day or by the week — man kann sich (Dat.) ein Auto tageweise oder wochenweise mieten
day by day/month by month, by the day/month — (as each day/month passes) Tag für Tag/Monat für Monat
sell something by the packet/ton/dozen — etwas paket-/tonnenweise/im Dutzend verkaufen
10 ft. by 20 ft. — 10 [Fuß] mal 20 Fuß
two by two/three by three/four by four — zu zweit/dritt/viert
15) (indicating factor) durch16) (indicating extent) um17) (according to) nach18) in oaths bei2. adverbby [Almighty] God — bei Gott[, dem Allmächtigen]
1) (past) vorbeidrive/run/flow by — vorbeifahren/-laufen/-fließen
2) (near)close/near by — in der Nähe
3)II* * *prep.an präp.bei präp.bis präp.durch präp.neben präp.von präp.über präp. -
28 Yeoman, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. c. 1700 probably near Northampton, Englandd. 24 January 1781 London, England[br]English surveyor and civil engineer.[br]Very little is known of his early life, but he was clearly a skilful and gifted engineer who had received comprehensive practical training, for in 1743 he erected the machinery in the world's first water-powered cotton mill at Northampton on the river Nene. In 1748 he invented a weighing machine for use by turnpike trusts for weighing wagons. Until 1757 he remained in Northampton, mainly surveying enclosures and turnpike roads and making agricultural machinery. He also gained a national reputation for building and installing very successful ventilating equipment (invented by Dr Stephen Hales) in hospitals, prisons and ships, including some ventilators of Yeoman's own design in the Houses of Parliament.Meanwhile he developed an interest in river improvements, and in 1744 he made his first survey of the River Nene between Thrapston and Northampton; he repeated the survey in 1753 and subsequently gave evidence in parliamentary proceedings in 1756. The following year he was in Gloucestershire surveying the line of the Stroudwater Canal, an operation that he repeated in 1776. Also in 1757, he was appointed Surveyor to the River Ivel Navigation in Bedfordshire. In 1761 he was back on the Nene. During 1762–5 he carried out surveys for the Chelmer \& Blackwater Navigation, although the work was not undertaken for another thirty years. In 1765 he reported on land-drainage improvements for the Kentish Sour. It was at this time that he became associated with John Smeaton in a major survey in 1766 of the river Lea for the Lee Navigation Trustees, having already made some surveys with Joseph Nickalls near Waltham Abbey in 1762. Yeoman modified some of Smeaton's proposals and on 1 July 1767 was officially appointed Surveyor to the Lee Navigation Trustees, a post he retained until 1771. He also advised on the work to create the Stort Navigation, and at the official opening on 24 October 1769 he made a formal speech announcing: "Now is Bishops Stortford open to all the ports of the world." Among his other works were: advice on Ferriby Sluice on the River Ancholme (1766); reports on the Forth \& Clyde Canal, the North Level and Wisbech outfall on the Nene, the Coventry Canal, and estimates for the Leeds and Selby Canal (1768–71); estimates for the extension of the Medway Navigation from Tonbridge to Edenbridge (1771); and between 1767 and 1777 he was consulted, with other engineers, by the City of London on problems regarding the Thames.He joined the Northampton Philosophical Society shortly after its formation in 1743 and was President several times before he moved to London. In 1760 he became a member of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, and in 1763 he was chosen as joint Chairman of the Committee on Mechanics—a position he held until 1778. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 12 January 1764. On the formation of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, the forerunner of the present Institution of Civil Engineers, he was elected first President in 1771, remaining as such until his illness in 1780.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1764. President, Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1771–80; Treasurer 1771–7.JHB -
29 Coster, John
[br]b. c. 1647 Gloucestershire, Englandd. 13 October 1718 Bristol, England[br]English innovator in the mining, smelting and working of copper.[br]John Coster, son of an iron-forge manager in the Forest of Dean, by the age of 38 was at Bristol, where he was "chief agent and sharer therein" in the new lead-smelting methods using coal fuel. In 1685 the work, under Sir Clement Clerke, was abandoned because of patent rights claimed by Lord Grandison, who financed of earlier attempts. Clerke's business turned to the coal-fired smelting of copper under Coster, later acknowledged as responsible for the subsequent success through using an improved reverberatory furnace which separated coal fume from the ores being smelted. The new technique, applicable also to lead and tin smelting, revitalized copper production and provided a basis for new British industry in both copper and brass manufacture during the following century. Coster went on to manage a copper-smelting works, and by the 1690s was supplying Esher copper-and brass-works in Surrey from his Redbrook, Gloucestershire, works on the River Wye. In the next decade he extended his activities to Cornish copper mining, buying ore and organizing ore sales, and supplying the four major copper and brass companies which by then had become established. He also made copper goods in additional water-powered rolling and hammer mills acquired in the Bristol area. Coster was ably assisted by three sons; of these, John and Robert were mainly active in Cornwall. In 1714 the younger John, with his father, patented an "engine for drawing water out of deep mines". The eldest son, Thomas, was more involved at Redbrook, in South Wales and the Bristol area. A few years after the death of his father, Thomas became partner in the brass company of Bristol and sold them the Redbrook site. He became Member of Parliament for Bristol and, by then the only surviving son, planned a large new smelting works at White Rock, Swansea, South Wales, before his death in 1734. Partners outside the family continued the business under a new name.[br]Bibliography1714, British patent 397, with John Coster Jr.Further ReadingRhys Jenkins, 1942, "Copper works at Redbrook and Bristol", Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 63.Joan Day, 1974–6, "The Costers: copper smelters and manufacturers", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 47:47–58.JD -
30 over
'əuvə
1. preposition1) (higher than; above in position, number, authority etc: Hang that picture over the fireplace; He's over 90 years old.) sobre, encima de; más de2) (from one side to another, on or above the top of; on the other side of: He jumped over the gate; She fell over the cat; My friend lives over the street.) sobre, encima; al otro lado de3) (covering: He put his handkerchief over his face.) sobre4) (across: You find people like him all over the world.) por(todo)5) (about: a quarrel over money.) por, por motivos de, sobre6) (by means of: He spoke to her over the telephone.) por7) (during: Over the years, she grew to hate her husband.) durante, a través de, a lo largo de8) (while having etc: He fell asleep over his dinner.) durante
2. adverb1) (higher, moving etc above: The plane flew over about an hour ago.)2) (used to show movement, change of position: He rolled over on his back; He turned over the page.)3) (across: He went over and spoke to them.)4) (downwards: He fell over.)5) (higher in number etc: for people aged twenty and over.)6) (remaining: There are two cakes for each of us, and two over.)7) (through from beginning to end, carefully: Read it over; Talk it over between you.)
3. adjective(finished: The affair is over now.) por encima
4. noun((in cricket) a certain number of balls bowled from one end of the wicket: He bowled thirty overs in the match.) serie de seis lanzamientos
5. as part of a word1) (too (much), as in overdo.) demasiado, extra, exceso de2) (in a higher position, as in overhead.) por encima (de)3) (covering, as in overcoat.) sobre4) (down from an upright position, as in overturn.) hacia abajo5) (completely, as in overcome.) completamente•- over all
- over and done with
over1 adv1. a casawhy don't you come over to see us? ¿por qué no vienes a casa a vernos?2. acabado3. de sobraare there any strawberries over? ¿sobran fresas?over2 prep1. encima de / sobre2. más depeople over 65 las personas de más de 65 años / los mayores de 65 añostr['əʊvəSMALLr/SMALL]■ over here/there aquí/allí■ why don't you come over to dinner? ¿por qué no vienes a cenar a casa?5 (everywhere, throughout) en todas partes6 (again) otra vez■ over and over (again) repetidas veces, una y otra vez7 (remaining) sobrante■ are there any strawberries (left) over? ¿sobran fresas?, ¿quedan fresas?■ did you have any money over? ¿te sobró algún dinero?8 (too much) de más10 SMALLRADIO/SMALL (finished) corto■ over and out! ¡corto y fuera!1 (above, higher than) encima de2 (covering, on top of) sobre, encima de3 (across) sobre; (on the other side of) al otro lado de4 (during) durante5 (throughout) por6 (by the agency of) por7 (more than) más de8 (about) por9 (recovered from) recuperado,-a de10 (indicating control) sobre; (superior) por encima de1 (ended) acabado,-a, terminado,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLover and above además deto be over and done with haber acabadoover ['o:vər] advhe flew over to London: voló a Londrescome on over!: ¡ven acá!the show ran 10 minutes over: el espectáculo terminó 10 minutos de tarde3) above, overhead: por encima4) again: otra vez, de nuevoover and over: una y otra vezto start over: volver a empezar5)all over everywhere: por todas partes6)to fall over : caerse7)to turn over : poner boca abajo, voltearover adj1) higher, upper: superior2) remaining: sobrante, que sobra3) ended: terminado, acabadothe work is over: el trabajo está terminadoover prep1) above: encima de, arriba de, sobreover the fireplace: encima de la chimeneathe hawk flew over the hills: el halcón voló sobre los cerros2) : más deover $50: más de $503) along: por, sobreto glide over the ice: deslizarse sobre el hielothey showed me over the house: me mostraron la casa5) across: por encima de, sobrehe jumped over the ditch: saltó por encima de la zanja6) upon: sobrea cape over my shoulders: una capa sobre los hombros7) on: porto speak over the telephone: hablar por teléfono8) during: en, duranteover the past 25 years: durante los últimos 25 años9) because of: porthey fought over the money: se pelearon por el dineroexpr.• cambio expr.adj.• concluido, -a adj.adv.• al otro lado adv.• encima adv.• encima de adv.• por encima adv.prep.• durante prep.• encima de prep.• más de prep.• por prep.• sobre prep.
II
1) preposition2) ( across)to sling something over one's shoulder — colgarse* algo del hombro
they live over the road — (BrE) viven en frente
3)a) ( above) encima dethe portrait hangs over the fireplace — el retrato está colgado encima de or (AmL tb) arriba de la chimenea
b) ( Math) sobre4) (covering, on)5)a) (through, all around)to show somebody over a building/an estate — mostrarle* or (esp Esp) enseñarle un edificio/una finca a alguien
b) (referring to experiences, illnesses)is she over her measles yet? — ¿ya se ha repuesto del sarampión?
6) (during, in the course of)over the past/next few years — en or durante los últimos/próximos años
spread (out) over a six-week period — a lo largo de seis semanas, en un plazo de seis semanas
7) ( by the medium of) por8) (about, on account of)9) all overa) ( over entire surface of)to be all over somebody — (colloq) ( defeat heavily) darle* una paliza a alguien (fam); ( be demonstrative toward)
b) ( throughout)10)a) ( more than) más deb)over and above — ( in addition to) además de
11)a) ( senior to) por encima deb) ( indicating superiority) sobreto have control over somebody/something — tener* control sobre alguien/algo
12) ( in comparison to)sales are up 20% over last year — las ventas han aumentado un 20% con respecto al año pasado
III
['ǝʊvǝ(r)] When over is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg come over, go over, start over, turn over, look up the verb.1. ADVERB1) (=across) por encima, por arriba (LAm)2) (=here, there)With prepositions and adverbs [over] is usually not translated•
they're over from Canada for the summer — han venido desde Canadá a pasar el veranohow long have you lived over here? — ¿cuánto tiempo llevas viviendo aquí?
•
he's over in the States at the moment — en este momento está en Estados Unidosover in the States, people reacted differently — (allí) en Estados Unidos la gente reaccionó de otra manera
•
it's over on the other side of town — está al otro lado de la ciudadhow long were you over there? — ¿cuánto tiempo estuviste allí?
•
the baby crawled over to its mother — el bebé gateó hacia su madreover to you! — (to speak) ¡te paso la palabra!
so now it's over to you — (to decide) así que ahora te toca a ti decidir
•
it happened all over again — volvió a ocurrir, ocurrió otra vez•
over and over (again) — repetidas veces, una y otra vez•
several times over — varias veces seguidas4) (US) (=again) otra vezto do sth over — volver a hacer algo, hacer algo otra vez
5) (=remaining)there are three (left) over — sobran or quedan tres
is there any cake left over? — ¿queda or sobra (algo de) pastel?
when they've paid the bills there's nothing (left) over for luxuries — después de pagar las facturas no les sobra or queda nada para caprichos
6) (=more)•
sums of £50,000 and over — cantidades iguales or superiores a 50.000 libras7) (Telec)over! — ¡cambio!
over and out! — ¡cambio y corto!
•
over against — (lit) contra; (fig) frente a•
the (whole) world over — en or por todo el mundo, en el mundo entero2. PREPOSITION1) (indicating position) (=situated above) encima de, arriba de (LAm); (=across) por encima de, por arriba de (LAm)•
pour some sauce over it — échale un poco de salsa por encima•
I put a blanket over her — le eché una manta por encimaall 3., 2), head 1., 1), hill 1.•
to spread a sheet over sth — extender una sábana sobre or por encima de algo2) (=superior to)3) (=on the other side of)4) (=more than) más dean increase of 5% over last year — un aumento del 5 por ciento respecto al año pasado
•
spending has gone up by 7% over and above inflation — el gasto ha aumentado un 7% por encima de la inflaciónyes, but over and above that, we must... — sí, pero además de eso, debemos...
well II, 1., 2), a)over and above the fact that... — además de que...
5) (=during) duranteover the winter — durante or en el invierno
why don't we discuss it over dinner? — ¿por qué no vamos a cenar y lo hablamos?
how long will you be over it? — ¿cuánto tiempo te va a llevar?
lingerhe took or spent hours over the preparations — dedicó muchas horas a los preparativos
6) (=because of) por7) (=about) sobrethe two sides disagreed over how much should be spent — ambas partes discrepaban sobre cuánto debería gastarse
8) (=recovered from)he's not over that yet — (illness) todavía no se ha repuesto de aquello; (shock) todavía no se ha repuesto de or sobrepuesto a aquello
she's over it now — (illness) se ha repuesto de eso ya
it'll take her years to get over it — (shock) tardará años en sobreponerse
I hope you'll soon be over your cold — espero que se te pase pronto el resfriado, espero que te repongas pronto del resfriado
I heard it over the radio — lo escuché or oí por la radio
10) (=contrasted with)3.ADJECTIVE (=finished)when or after the war is over, we'll go... — cuando (se) acabe la guerra, nos iremos...
I'll be happy when the exams are over — seré feliz cuando (se) hayan acabado or terminado los exámenes
•
it's all over — se acabó•
I'll be glad when it's all over and done with — estaré contento cuando todo (se) haya acabado or terminadoto get sth over and done with: if we've got to tell her, best get it over and done with — si tenemos que decírselo, cuanto antes (lo hagamos) mejor
4.NOUN (Cricket) serie f de seis lanzamientos* * *
II
1) preposition2) ( across)to sling something over one's shoulder — colgarse* algo del hombro
they live over the road — (BrE) viven en frente
3)a) ( above) encima dethe portrait hangs over the fireplace — el retrato está colgado encima de or (AmL tb) arriba de la chimenea
b) ( Math) sobre4) (covering, on)5)a) (through, all around)to show somebody over a building/an estate — mostrarle* or (esp Esp) enseñarle un edificio/una finca a alguien
b) (referring to experiences, illnesses)is she over her measles yet? — ¿ya se ha repuesto del sarampión?
6) (during, in the course of)over the past/next few years — en or durante los últimos/próximos años
spread (out) over a six-week period — a lo largo de seis semanas, en un plazo de seis semanas
7) ( by the medium of) por8) (about, on account of)9) all overa) ( over entire surface of)to be all over somebody — (colloq) ( defeat heavily) darle* una paliza a alguien (fam); ( be demonstrative toward)
b) ( throughout)10)a) ( more than) más deb)over and above — ( in addition to) además de
11)a) ( senior to) por encima deb) ( indicating superiority) sobreto have control over somebody/something — tener* control sobre alguien/algo
12) ( in comparison to)sales are up 20% over last year — las ventas han aumentado un 20% con respecto al año pasado
III
-
31 down
I noun II noun2) (hair) Flaum, derIII 1. adverb1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter
go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen
get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren
come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen
pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen
4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern
5) (on to paper)6) (on programme)put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen
down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!
8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) untendown on the floor — auf dem Fußboden
low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten
down there/here — da/hier unten
his flat is on the next floor down — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer
down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande
down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)
down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten
down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern
down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)
9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde10) (on paper)be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein
11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden13) (in depression)down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen
14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger15)be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...
we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund
now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun
the water had boiled right down — das Wasser war fast verdampft
17) (including lower limit)from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter
18) (in position of lagging or loss) wenigerbe three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen
2. prepositionbe down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also academic.ru/79258/up">up 1.
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)lower down the river — weiter unten am Fluss
fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen
walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen
2) (downwards through) durchfall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen
4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen
5) (downwards in time)the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden
6) (along)come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen
go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen
7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] untenfurther down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste
8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee
10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)3. adjectivedown the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]4. transitive verb(coll.)1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]3)down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen
4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]5. noun(coll.)•• Cultural note:have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist* * *I 1. adverb1) (towards or in a low or lower position, level or state: He climbed down to the bottom of the ladder.) hinunter2) (on or to the ground: The little boy fell down and cut his knee.) zum/auf den Boden3) (from earlier to later times: The recipe has been handed down in our family for years.) weiter4) (from a greater to a smaller size, amount etc: Prices have been going down steadily.) gefallen5) (towards or in a place thought of as being lower, especially southward or away from a centre: We went down from Glasgow to Bristol.) hinunter2. preposition1) (in a lower position on: Their house is halfway down the hill.) hinunter2) (to a lower position on, by, through or along: Water poured down the drain.) hinunter3) (along: The teacher's gaze travelled slowly down the line of children.) entlang3. verb(to finish (a drink) very quickly, especially in one gulp: He downed a pint of beer.) hinunterkippen- downward- downwards
- downward
- down-and-out
- down-at-heel
- downcast
- downfall
- downgrade
- downhearted
- downhill
- downhill racing
- downhill skiing
- down-in-the-mouth
- down payment
- downpour
- downright 4. adjective- downstairs- downstream
- down-to-earth
- downtown
- downtown
- down-trodden
- be/go down with
- down on one's luck
- down tools
- down with
- get down to
- suit someone down to the ground
- suit down to the ground II noun- downie®- downy* * *down1[daʊn]I. ADVERBget \down off that table! komm sofort vom Tisch herunter!the leaflet slipped \down behind the wardrobe die Broschüre ist hinter den Kleiderschrank gerutschtcome further \down [the steps] komm noch etwas weiter [die Treppe] runter fam“\down!” (to a dog) „Platz!“▪ to let sth \down etw herunterlassento lie sth \down etw hinlegen [o ablegen]to pull sth \down etw nach unten ziehento put \down sth etw hinstellen [o abstellen2. (downwards) nach untenhead \down mit dem Kopf nach untento point down nach unten zeigen3. (in a lower position) unten\down here/there hier/dort unten\down at/by/in sth unten an/bei/in etw datthings are much more expensive \down [in the] south unten im Süden ist alles viel teurerhow often do you come \down to Cornwall? wie oft kommen Sie nach Cornwall runter? fammy parents live \down in Worcestershire meine Eltern leben außerhalb [von hier] in Worcestershirehe has a house \down by the harbour er hat ein Haus draußen am Hafen\down our way hier in unserem Viertel [o unserer Gegend] [o SCHWEIZ Quartiershe's certainly come \down in the world! mit ihr ist es ganz schön bergab gegangen! famto be \down on one's luck eine Pechsträhne habenshe's been \down on her luck recently in letzter Zeit ist sie vom Pech verfolgt7. (have only)▪ to be \down to sth nur noch etw habenwhen the rescue party found her, she was \down to her last bar of chocolate als die Rettungsmannschaft sie fand, hatte sie nur noch einen Riegel Schokolade8. (ill)to be \down with sth an etw dat erkrankt seinshe's \down with flu sie liegt mit einer Grippe im BettI think I'm going \down with a cold ich glaube, ich kriege eine Erkältung fam9. SPORT im RückstandMilan were three goals \down at half-time zur Halbzeit lag Mailand [um] drei Tore zurück10. (back in time, to a later time)Joan of Arc's fame has echoed \down [through] the centuries Jeanne d'Arcs Ruhm hat die Jahrhunderte überdauert\down to the last century bis ins vorige Jahrhundert [hinein]to come \down myths überliefert werden11. (at/to a lower amount) niedrigerthe pay offer is \down 2% from last year das Lohnangebot liegt 2 % unter dem vom Vorjahrhe quit the poker game when he was only $50 \down er hörte mit dem Pokerspiel auf, als er erst 50 Dollar verloren hatteto get the price \down den Preis drücken [o herunterhandeln]to go \down sinkenthe number of students has gone \down die Zahl der Studierenden ist gesunken12. (in/to a less intense degree) herunterlet the fire burn \down lass das Feuer herunterbrennensettle \down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe, ihr zweito turn the music/radio \down die Musik/das Radio leiser stellen [o machen]to water a drink \down ein Getränk verwässern13. (including) bis einschließlichthe entire administration has come under suspicion, from the mayor \down das gesamte Verwaltungspersonal, angefangen beim Bürgermeister, ist in Verdacht gerateneveryone, from the director \down to the secretaries, was questioned by the police vom Direktor angefangen bis hin zu den Sekretärinnen, wurde jeder von der Polizei verhört14. (on paper)we've got you \down for five tickets wir haben fünf Karten für Sie vorbestelltto get sth \down etw [hinunter]schluckenshe couldn't get the pill \down sie brachte die Tablette nicht hinunter famyou'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast16. (thoroughly) gründlichhe washed the car \down er wusch den Wagen von oben bis unten17. (already finished) vorbeitwo lectures \down, eight to go zwei Vorlesungen haben wir schon besucht, es bleiben also noch acht18. (as initial payment) als Anzahlung19. (attributable)the problem is \down to her inexperience, not any lack of intelligence es liegt an ihrer Unerfahrenheit, nicht an mangelnder Intelligenzit's all \down to you now to make it work nun ist es an Ihnen, die Sache in Gang zu bringen20. (reduce to)to come \down to sth auf etw akk hinauslaufenwhat the problem comes \down to is this:... die entscheidende Frage ist:...well, if I bring it \down to its simplest level,... also, stark vereinfacht könnte man sagen,...21. (in crossword puzzles) senkrecht22.that suits me \down to the ground das ist genau das Richtige für michII. PREPOSITIONmy uncle's in hospital after falling \down some stairs mein Onkel ist im Krankenhaus, nachdem er die Treppe heruntergefallen [o hinuntergefallen] istup and \down the stairs die Treppe rauf und runter famshe poured the liquid \down the sink sie schüttete die Flüssigkeit in den Abflussto come \down the hill den Hügel heruntersteigen [o geh herabsteigen]to go \down the mountain den Berg hinuntersteigen [o geh hinabsteigen3. (along) entlanggo \down the street gehen Sie die Straße entlang [o hinunter]her office is \down the corridor on the right ihr Büro ist weiter den Gang entlang auf der rechten Seitewe drove \down the motorway as far as Bristol wir fuhren auf der Schnellstraße bis BristolI ran my finger \down the list of ingredients ich ging mit dem Finger die Zutatenliste durchher long red hair reached most of the way \down her back ihre langen roten Haare bedeckten fast ihren ganzen Rückento sail the boat \down the river mit dem Boot flussabwärts segeln4. (in a particular place)\down sb's way in jds Gegendthey speak with a peculiar accent \down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent fam\down the ages von Generation zu Generation\down the centuries die Jahrhunderte hindurch\down the generations über Generationen hinwegI went \down the pub with my mates ich ging mit meinen Freunden in die Kneipeto go \down the shops einkaufen gehenyou'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down you du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe im Magen hast8.we don't want all their hard work to go \down the drain ich möchte nicht, dass ihre harte Arbeit ganz umsonst istIII. ADJECTIVE<more \down, most \down>the \down escalator die Rolltreppe nach untenthe computer will be \down for an hour der Computer wird für eine Stunde abgeschaltetI'm afraid the [telephone] lines are \down ich fürchte, die Telefonleitungen sind tot6. (sunk to a low level) niedrigthe river is \down der Fluss hat [o geh führt] NiedrigwasserIV. TRANSITIVE VERB1. (knock down)2. (shoot down)to \down tools (cease work) mit der Arbeit aufhören; (have a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (during a strike) die Arbeit niederlegenthe printers are threatening to \down tools die Drucker drohen mit Arbeitsniederlegungen5.▪ to \down sth (swallow) etw hinunterschlucken; (eat) etw essen; (eat quickly) etw verschlingen [o hinunterschlingen]; (drink) etw trinken; (drink quickly) etw hinunterkippen [o fam runterschütten] [o SCHWEIZ runterleeren]V. NOUNups and \downs Auf und Ab ntwell, we've had our ups and \downs wir haben schon Höhen und Tiefen durchgemachtwhy do you have a \down on him? was hast du gegen ihn?it's second \down es ist der zweite VersuchVI. INTERJECTION\down with taxes! weg mit den Steuern!\down with the dictator! nieder mit dem Diktator!down2[daʊn]\down jacket/quilt Daunenjacke f/-decke fdown3[daʊn]* * *I [daʊn]1. ADVERBWhen down is an element in a phrasal verb, eg get down, sit down, stand down, write down, look up the verb.1) indicating movement towards speaker herunter; (away from speaker) hinunter; (downstairs) nach untento jump down — herunter-/hinunterspringen
on his way down from the summit — auf seinem Weg vom Gipfel herab/hinab
2) indicating static position untendown there — da unten
I'll stay down here —
it needs a bit of paint down at the bottom — es muss unten herum neu gestrichen werden
don't kick a man when he's down (fig) — man soll jemanden nicht fertigmachen, wenn er schon angeschlagen ist or wenns ihm dreckig geht (inf)
the sun was down —
I'll be down in a minute —
3)= to or in another place
usu not translated he came down from London yesterday — er kam gestern aus Londonhe's down in London/at his brother's — er ist in London/bei seinem Bruder
we're going down to the seaside/to Dover — wir fahren an die See/nach Dover
4)= below previous level
his temperature is down —his shoes were worn down the price of meat is down on last week — seine Schuhe waren abgetragen der Fleischpreis ist gegenüber der letzten Woche gefallen
interest rates are down to/by 3% — der Zinssatz ist auf/um 3% gefallen
I'm £20 down on what I expected — ich habe £ 20 weniger als ich dachte
he's down to his last £10 — er hat nur noch £ 10
See:→ luck5)I've got it down in my diary — ich habe es in meinem Kalender notiertlet's get it down on paper — schreiben wir es auf, halten wir es schriftlich fest
when you see it down on paper — wenn man es schwarz auf weiß sieht
6)from the biggest down — vom Größten angefangenfrom 1700 down to the present —
8)to pay £20 down — £ 20 anzahlenI've put down a deposit on a new bike —
2. PREPOSITION1)to go/come down the hill/the stairs etc — den Berg/die Treppe etc hinuntergehen/herunterkommenher hair fell loose down her back — sie trug ihr Haar offen über die Schultern
2)he's already halfway down the hill — er ist schon auf halbem Wege nach unten3)= along
he was walking/coming down the street — er ging/kam die Straße entlangif you look down this road, you can see... — wenn Sie diese Straße hinunterblicken, können Sie... sehen
4)= throughout
down the centuries — durch die Jahrhunderte (hindurch)5)= to, in, at Brit inf
he's gone down the pub — er ist in die Kneipe gegangen3. NOUN(= dislike) __diams; to have a down on sb (inf) jdn auf dem Kieker haben (inf) → upSee:→ up4. ADJECTIVE (inf)1)= depressed
he was (feeling) a bit down — er fühlte sich ein wenig down (inf) or niedergeschlagen2)= not working
to be down — außer Betrieb sein; (Comput) abgestürzt sein5. TRANSITIVE VERBopponent niederschlagen, zu Fall bringen; enemy planes abschießen, (he)runterholen (inf); (FTBL ETC, inf) player legen (inf); beer etc runterkippen or -schütten (inf) IIn(= feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl; (= fine hair) Flaum m IIIn usu pl (GEOG)Hügelland nt no pl* * *down1 [daʊn]A adv1. nach unten, herunter, hinunter, herab, hinab, ab-, niederwärts, zum Boden, zum Grund, (in Kreuzworträtseln) senkrecht:down from fort von, von … herab;paralysed from the waist down von der Hüfte abwärts gelähmt;down to our times bis in unsere Zeit;down to the last detail bis ins letzte Detail;down to the last man bis zum letzten Mann;from … down to von … bis hinunter zu;down to the ground umg vollständig, absolut, ganz und gar;suit sb down to the ground umg genau das Richtige für jemanden sein;be down on sb umga) über jemanden herfallen,b) jemanden auf dem Kieker haben umg3. (in) bar, sofort:5. vorgemerkt, angesetzt:the bill is down for the third reading today heute steht die dritte Lesung der Gesetzesvorlage auf der Tagesordnung;be down for Friday für Freitag angesetzt sein6. von einer großen Stadt ( in England: von London) weg:7. besonders USa) zu einer großen Stadt hinb) zur Endstation hinc) ins Geschäftsviertel8. (nach Süden) hinunter9. a) mit dem Strom, flussabwärtsb) mit dem Wind11. nieder!:down with the capitalists! nieder mit den Kapitalisten!;down on your knees! auf die Knie (mit dir)!12. (dr)unten:down there dort unten;13. unten (im Hause), aufgestanden:he is not down yet er ist noch oben oder im Schlafzimmer14. untergegangen (Sonne)15. a) heruntergegangen, gefallen (Preise)b) billiger (Waren)16. gefallen (Thermometer etc):be down by 10 degrees um 10 Grad gefallen sein17. Bra) nicht in Londonb) nicht an der Universität18. a) nieder-, hingestreckt, am Boden (liegend)c) erschöpft, kaputt, fix und fertig (beide umg)f) außer Betrieb (Computer)19. bettlägerig:be down with influenza mit Grippe im Bett liegen20. SPORT (um Punkte etc) zurück:he was two points down er war oder lag 2 Punkte zurück;they are 1-4 down sie liegen mit 1:4 im Rückstand (to gegen)B adj1. nach unten oder abwärtsgerichtet, Abwärts…:a down jump ein Sprung nach unten2. unten befindlich3. deprimiert, niedergeschlagendown platform Abfahrtsbahnsteig m (in London)5. besonders USa) in Richtung nach einer großen Stadtb) zum Geschäftsviertel (hin), in die Stadtmitte7. besonders US sl deprimierendC präp1. herunter, hinunter, herab, hinab, entlang:down the hill den Hügel hinunter;down the river den Fluss hinunter, flussab(wärts);down the middle durch die Mitte;down the street die Straße entlang oder hinunter2. (in derselben Richtung) mit:down the wind mit dem Wind3. a) hinunter in (akk)b) hinein in (akk)4. unten an (dat):further down the Rhine weiter unten am RheinD s1. figa) Abstieg mb) Nieder-, Rückgang m2. Tiefpunkt m, -stand m3. Depression f, (seelischer) Tiefpunkt4. umg Groll m:have a down on sb jemanden auf dem Kieker habenE v/t2. niederschlagen3. niederlegen:down tools die Arbeit niederlegen, in den Streik treten5. einen Reiter abwerfen6. umg ein Getränk runterkippenF v/i1. umga) hinunterrutschen (Speise)b) (gut) schmecken2. besonders US sl Beruhigungsmittel nehmendown2 [daʊn] s1. ORNa) Daunen pl, flaumiges Gefieder:dead down Raufdaunen;live down Nestdaunen;down quilt Daunendecke fb) Daune f, Flaumfeder f:in the down noch nicht flügge3. BOTa) feiner Flaumb) haarige Samenkrone, Pappus m4. weiche, flaumige Massedown3 [daʊn] s1. obsa) Hügel mb) Sandhügel m, besonders Düne fb) Reede an der Südostküste Englands, vor der Stadt Deal* * *I noun(Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)II noun2) (hair) Flaum, derIII 1. adverb1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter
go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen
get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren
come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen
3) (of money): (at once) sofortpay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen
4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern
put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen
down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!
8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) untenlow/lower down — tief/tiefer unten
down there/here — da/hier unten
down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande
down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)
down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten
down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern
down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)
9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde10) (on paper)be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein
11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Bodenbe down — (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen
13) (in depression)down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen
14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger15)be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...
we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund
now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun
17) (including lower limit)from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter
18) (in position of lagging or loss) wenigerbe three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen
2. prepositionbe down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also up 1.
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen
walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen
2) (downwards through) durchfall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen
4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen
the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden
6) (along)come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen
go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen
7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] untenfurther down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste
8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee
10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)3. adjectivedown the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]4. transitive verb(coll.)1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]3)down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen
4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]5. noun(coll.)•• Cultural note:have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist* * *(fluff) n.Flaum nur sing. m. (feathers) n.Daune -n f. adj.abwärts adj.herab adj.herunter adj.hinab adj.hinunter adj.nieder adj.rückwärts adj.unten adj.zusammengebrochen (alt.Rechtschreibung) adj. -
32 pitch
I 1. [pi ] verb1) (to set up (a tent or camp): They pitched their tent in the field.) rejse; sætte op2) (to throw: He pitched the stone into the river.) kaste3) (to (cause to) fall heavily: He pitched forward.) styrte; snuble4) ((of a ship) to rise and fall violently: The boat pitched up and down on the rough sea.) vippe; hugge5) (to set (a note or tune) at a particular level: He pitched the tune too high for my voice.) sætte i en tonehøjde2. noun1) (the field or ground for certain games: a cricket-pitch; a football pitch.) bane2) (the degree of highness or lowness of a musical note, voice etc.) tonehøjde3) (an extreme point or intensity: His anger reached such a pitch that he hit her.) grad4) (the part of a street etc where a street-seller or entertainer works: He has a pitch on the High Street.) sted; plads5) (the act of pitching or throwing or the distance something is pitched: That was a long pitch.) kast6) ((of a ship) the act of pitching.) vippen; huggen•- - pitched- pitcher
- pitched battle
- pitchfork II [pi ] noun(a thick black substance obtained from tar: as black as pitch.) beg- pitch-dark* * *I 1. [pi ] verb1) (to set up (a tent or camp): They pitched their tent in the field.) rejse; sætte op2) (to throw: He pitched the stone into the river.) kaste3) (to (cause to) fall heavily: He pitched forward.) styrte; snuble4) ((of a ship) to rise and fall violently: The boat pitched up and down on the rough sea.) vippe; hugge5) (to set (a note or tune) at a particular level: He pitched the tune too high for my voice.) sætte i en tonehøjde2. noun1) (the field or ground for certain games: a cricket-pitch; a football pitch.) bane2) (the degree of highness or lowness of a musical note, voice etc.) tonehøjde3) (an extreme point or intensity: His anger reached such a pitch that he hit her.) grad4) (the part of a street etc where a street-seller or entertainer works: He has a pitch on the High Street.) sted; plads5) (the act of pitching or throwing or the distance something is pitched: That was a long pitch.) kast6) ((of a ship) the act of pitching.) vippen; huggen•- - pitched- pitcher
- pitched battle
- pitchfork II [pi ] noun(a thick black substance obtained from tar: as black as pitch.) beg- pitch-dark -
33 Jessop, William
[br]b. 23 January 1745 Plymouth, Englandd. 18 November 1814[br]English engineer engaged in river, canal and dock construction.[br]William Jessop inherited from his father a natural ability in engineering, and because of his father's association with John Smeaton in the construction of Eddystone Lighthouse he was accepted by Smeaton as a pupil in 1759 at the age of 14. Smeaton was so impressed with his ability that Jessop was retained as an assistant after completion of his pupilage in 1767. As such he carried out field-work, making surveys on his own, but in 1772 he was recommended to the Aire and Calder Committee as an independent engineer and his first personally prepared report was made on the Haddlesey Cut, Selby Canal. It was in this report that he gave his first evidence before a Parliamentary Committee. He later became Resident Engineer on the Selby Canal, and soon after he was elected to the Smeatonian Society of Engineers, of which he later became Secretary for twenty years. Meanwhile he accompanied Smeaton to Ireland to advise on the Grand Canal, ultimately becoming Consulting Engineer until 1802, and was responsible for Ringsend Docks, which connected the canal to the Liffey and were opened in 1796. From 1783 to 1787 he advised on improvements to the River Trent, and his ability was so recognized that it made his reputation. From then on he was consulted on the Cromford Canal (1789–93), the Leicester Navigation (1791–4) and the Grantham Canal (1793–7); at the same time he was Chief Engineer of the Grand Junction Canal from 1793 to 1797 and then Consulting Engineer until 1805. He also engineered the Barnsley and Rochdale Canals. In fact, there were few canals during this period on which he was not consulted. It has now been established that Jessop carried the responsibility for the Pont-Cysyllte Aqueduct in Wales and also prepared the estimates for the Caledonian Canal in 1804. In 1792 he became a partner in the Butterley ironworks and thus became interested in railways. He proposed the Surrey Iron Railway in 1799 and prepared for the estimates; the line was built and opened in 1805. He was also the Engineer for the 10 mile (16 km) long Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, the Act for which was obtained in 1808 and was the first Act for a public railway in Scotland. Jessop's advice was sought on drainage works between 1785 and 1802 in the lowlands of the Isle of Axholme, Holderness, the Norfolk Marshlands, and the Axe and Brue area of the Somerset Levels. He was also consulted on harbour and dock improvements. These included Hull (1793), Portsmouth (1796), Folkestone (1806) and Sunderland (1807), but his greatest dock works were the West India Docks in London and the Floating Harbour at Bristol. He was Consulting Engineer to the City of London Corporation from 1796to 1799, drawing up plans for docks on the Isle of Dogs in 1796; in February 1800 he was appointed Engineer, and three years later, in September 1803, he was appointed Engineer to the Bristol Floating Harbour. Jessop was regarded as the leading civil engineer in the country from 1785 until 1806. He died following a stroke in 1814.[br]Further ReadingC.Hadfield and A.W.Skempton, 1979, William Jessop. Engineer, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.JHB -
34 Twiss, William
[br]b. 1745d. 14 March 1827 Hardon Grange, Bingley, Yorkshire, England.[br]English army officer and military engineer.[br]William Twiss entered the Ordnance Department at the age of 15, and in 1762, aged 17, he was appointed Overseer of Works at Gibraltar. At the end of the Seven Years War, in 1763, he was commissioned Ensign in the Engineers, and further promotion followed while he still remained in Gibraltar. In 1771, as a Lieutenant, he returned to England to be employed on Port-smouth's dockyard fortifications. In 1776 he was posted to Canada, where he was soon appointed Controller of Works for the building of a British fleet for Lake Champlain. He was involved in military operations in the American War of Independence and in 1777 was present at the capture of Fort Ticonderoga (New York State). He was taken prisoner shortly afterwards, but was soon exchanged, and a year later he was promoted Captain.In 1779 he was given the task of constructing a short canal at Coteau du Lac, Quebec, to bypass rough water at this point in the St Lawrence River between Montreal and Pointe Maligne. This was probably the first locked canal in North America. In 1781, following his appointment as Chief Engineer for all military works in Canada, he supervised further navigational improvements on the St Lawrence with canals at Les Cèdres and the Cascades. In parallel with these projects, he was responsible for an amazing variety of works in Canada, including hospitals, windmills, store-houses, barracks, fortifications, roads, bridges, prisons, ironworks and dams. He was also responsible for a temporary citadel in Quebec.In 1783 he returned to England, and from 1794–1810 he served as Lieutenant- Governor of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, although in 1799 he was sent to Holland as Commanding Engineer to the Duke of York. In 1802 he was promoted Colonel and was in Ireland reporting on the defences there. He became Colonel Commandant, Royal Engineers, in 1809, and retired two years later. In retirement he was promoted Lieu tenant-General in 1812 and General in 1825.[br]Further ReadingW.Porter, 1889–1915, History of the Corps of Royal Engineers, London: Longmans.JHB -
35 Down
I noun II noun2) (hair) Flaum, derIII 1. adverb1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter
go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen
get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren
come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen
pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen
4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern
5) (on to paper)6) (on programme)put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen
down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!
8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) untendown on the floor — auf dem Fußboden
low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten
down there/here — da/hier unten
his flat is on the next floor down — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer
down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande
down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)
down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten
down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern
down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)
9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde10) (on paper)be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein
11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden13) (in depression)down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen
14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger15)be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...
we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund
now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun
the water had boiled right down — das Wasser war fast verdampft
17) (including lower limit)from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter
18) (in position of lagging or loss) wenigerbe three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen
2. prepositionbe down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also academic.ru/79258/up">up 1.
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)lower down the river — weiter unten am Fluss
fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen
walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen
2) (downwards through) durchfall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen
4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen
5) (downwards in time)the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden
6) (along)come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen
go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen
7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] untenfurther down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste
8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee
10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)3. adjectivedown the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]4. transitive verb(coll.)1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]3)down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen
4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]5. noun(coll.)•• Cultural note:have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist* * *I 1. adverb1) (towards or in a low or lower position, level or state: He climbed down to the bottom of the ladder.) hinunter2) (on or to the ground: The little boy fell down and cut his knee.) zum/auf den Boden3) (from earlier to later times: The recipe has been handed down in our family for years.) weiter4) (from a greater to a smaller size, amount etc: Prices have been going down steadily.) gefallen5) (towards or in a place thought of as being lower, especially southward or away from a centre: We went down from Glasgow to Bristol.) hinunter2. preposition1) (in a lower position on: Their house is halfway down the hill.) hinunter2) (to a lower position on, by, through or along: Water poured down the drain.) hinunter3) (along: The teacher's gaze travelled slowly down the line of children.) entlang3. verb(to finish (a drink) very quickly, especially in one gulp: He downed a pint of beer.) hinunterkippen- downward- downwards
- downward
- down-and-out
- down-at-heel
- downcast
- downfall
- downgrade
- downhearted
- downhill
- downhill racing
- downhill skiing
- down-in-the-mouth
- down payment
- downpour
- downright 4. adjective- downstairs- downstream
- down-to-earth
- downtown
- downtown
- down-trodden
- be/go down with
- down on one's luck
- down tools
- down with
- get down to
- suit someone down to the ground
- suit down to the ground II noun- downie®- downy* * *down1[daʊn]I. ADVERBget \down off that table! komm sofort vom Tisch herunter!the leaflet slipped \down behind the wardrobe die Broschüre ist hinter den Kleiderschrank gerutschtcome further \down [the steps] komm noch etwas weiter [die Treppe] runter fam“\down!” (to a dog) „Platz!“▪ to let sth \down etw herunterlassento lie sth \down etw hinlegen [o ablegen]to pull sth \down etw nach unten ziehento put \down sth etw hinstellen [o abstellen2. (downwards) nach untenhead \down mit dem Kopf nach untento point down nach unten zeigen3. (in a lower position) unten\down here/there hier/dort unten\down at/by/in sth unten an/bei/in etw datthings are much more expensive \down [in the] south unten im Süden ist alles viel teurerhow often do you come \down to Cornwall? wie oft kommen Sie nach Cornwall runter? fammy parents live \down in Worcestershire meine Eltern leben außerhalb [von hier] in Worcestershirehe has a house \down by the harbour er hat ein Haus draußen am Hafen\down our way hier in unserem Viertel [o unserer Gegend] [o SCHWEIZ Quartiershe's certainly come \down in the world! mit ihr ist es ganz schön bergab gegangen! famto be \down on one's luck eine Pechsträhne habenshe's been \down on her luck recently in letzter Zeit ist sie vom Pech verfolgt7. (have only)▪ to be \down to sth nur noch etw habenwhen the rescue party found her, she was \down to her last bar of chocolate als die Rettungsmannschaft sie fand, hatte sie nur noch einen Riegel Schokolade8. (ill)to be \down with sth an etw dat erkrankt seinshe's \down with flu sie liegt mit einer Grippe im BettI think I'm going \down with a cold ich glaube, ich kriege eine Erkältung fam9. SPORT im RückstandMilan were three goals \down at half-time zur Halbzeit lag Mailand [um] drei Tore zurück10. (back in time, to a later time)Joan of Arc's fame has echoed \down [through] the centuries Jeanne d'Arcs Ruhm hat die Jahrhunderte überdauert\down to the last century bis ins vorige Jahrhundert [hinein]to come \down myths überliefert werden11. (at/to a lower amount) niedrigerthe pay offer is \down 2% from last year das Lohnangebot liegt 2 % unter dem vom Vorjahrhe quit the poker game when he was only $50 \down er hörte mit dem Pokerspiel auf, als er erst 50 Dollar verloren hatteto get the price \down den Preis drücken [o herunterhandeln]to go \down sinkenthe number of students has gone \down die Zahl der Studierenden ist gesunken12. (in/to a less intense degree) herunterlet the fire burn \down lass das Feuer herunterbrennensettle \down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe, ihr zweito turn the music/radio \down die Musik/das Radio leiser stellen [o machen]to water a drink \down ein Getränk verwässern13. (including) bis einschließlichthe entire administration has come under suspicion, from the mayor \down das gesamte Verwaltungspersonal, angefangen beim Bürgermeister, ist in Verdacht gerateneveryone, from the director \down to the secretaries, was questioned by the police vom Direktor angefangen bis hin zu den Sekretärinnen, wurde jeder von der Polizei verhört14. (on paper)we've got you \down for five tickets wir haben fünf Karten für Sie vorbestelltto get sth \down etw [hinunter]schluckenshe couldn't get the pill \down sie brachte die Tablette nicht hinunter famyou'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast16. (thoroughly) gründlichhe washed the car \down er wusch den Wagen von oben bis unten17. (already finished) vorbeitwo lectures \down, eight to go zwei Vorlesungen haben wir schon besucht, es bleiben also noch acht18. (as initial payment) als Anzahlung19. (attributable)the problem is \down to her inexperience, not any lack of intelligence es liegt an ihrer Unerfahrenheit, nicht an mangelnder Intelligenzit's all \down to you now to make it work nun ist es an Ihnen, die Sache in Gang zu bringen20. (reduce to)to come \down to sth auf etw akk hinauslaufenwhat the problem comes \down to is this:... die entscheidende Frage ist:...well, if I bring it \down to its simplest level,... also, stark vereinfacht könnte man sagen,...21. (in crossword puzzles) senkrecht22.that suits me \down to the ground das ist genau das Richtige für michII. PREPOSITIONmy uncle's in hospital after falling \down some stairs mein Onkel ist im Krankenhaus, nachdem er die Treppe heruntergefallen [o hinuntergefallen] istup and \down the stairs die Treppe rauf und runter famshe poured the liquid \down the sink sie schüttete die Flüssigkeit in den Abflussto come \down the hill den Hügel heruntersteigen [o geh herabsteigen]to go \down the mountain den Berg hinuntersteigen [o geh hinabsteigen3. (along) entlanggo \down the street gehen Sie die Straße entlang [o hinunter]her office is \down the corridor on the right ihr Büro ist weiter den Gang entlang auf der rechten Seitewe drove \down the motorway as far as Bristol wir fuhren auf der Schnellstraße bis BristolI ran my finger \down the list of ingredients ich ging mit dem Finger die Zutatenliste durchher long red hair reached most of the way \down her back ihre langen roten Haare bedeckten fast ihren ganzen Rückento sail the boat \down the river mit dem Boot flussabwärts segeln4. (in a particular place)\down sb's way in jds Gegendthey speak with a peculiar accent \down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent fam\down the ages von Generation zu Generation\down the centuries die Jahrhunderte hindurch\down the generations über Generationen hinwegI went \down the pub with my mates ich ging mit meinen Freunden in die Kneipeto go \down the shops einkaufen gehenyou'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down you du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe im Magen hast8.we don't want all their hard work to go \down the drain ich möchte nicht, dass ihre harte Arbeit ganz umsonst istIII. ADJECTIVE<more \down, most \down>the \down escalator die Rolltreppe nach untenthe computer will be \down for an hour der Computer wird für eine Stunde abgeschaltetI'm afraid the [telephone] lines are \down ich fürchte, die Telefonleitungen sind tot6. (sunk to a low level) niedrigthe river is \down der Fluss hat [o geh führt] NiedrigwasserIV. TRANSITIVE VERB1. (knock down)2. (shoot down)to \down tools (cease work) mit der Arbeit aufhören; (have a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (during a strike) die Arbeit niederlegenthe printers are threatening to \down tools die Drucker drohen mit Arbeitsniederlegungen5.▪ to \down sth (swallow) etw hinunterschlucken; (eat) etw essen; (eat quickly) etw verschlingen [o hinunterschlingen]; (drink) etw trinken; (drink quickly) etw hinunterkippen [o fam runterschütten] [o SCHWEIZ runterleeren]V. NOUNups and \downs Auf und Ab ntwell, we've had our ups and \downs wir haben schon Höhen und Tiefen durchgemachtwhy do you have a \down on him? was hast du gegen ihn?it's second \down es ist der zweite VersuchVI. INTERJECTION\down with taxes! weg mit den Steuern!\down with the dictator! nieder mit dem Diktator!down2[daʊn]\down jacket/quilt Daunenjacke f/-decke fdown3[daʊn]* * *I [daʊn]1. ADVERBWhen down is an element in a phrasal verb, eg get down, sit down, stand down, write down, look up the verb.1) indicating movement towards speaker herunter; (away from speaker) hinunter; (downstairs) nach untento jump down — herunter-/hinunterspringen
on his way down from the summit — auf seinem Weg vom Gipfel herab/hinab
2) indicating static position untendown there — da unten
I'll stay down here —
it needs a bit of paint down at the bottom — es muss unten herum neu gestrichen werden
don't kick a man when he's down (fig) — man soll jemanden nicht fertigmachen, wenn er schon angeschlagen ist or wenns ihm dreckig geht (inf)
the sun was down —
I'll be down in a minute —
3)= to or in another place
usu not translated he came down from London yesterday — er kam gestern aus Londonhe's down in London/at his brother's — er ist in London/bei seinem Bruder
we're going down to the seaside/to Dover — wir fahren an die See/nach Dover
4)= below previous level
his temperature is down —his shoes were worn down the price of meat is down on last week — seine Schuhe waren abgetragen der Fleischpreis ist gegenüber der letzten Woche gefallen
interest rates are down to/by 3% — der Zinssatz ist auf/um 3% gefallen
I'm £20 down on what I expected — ich habe £ 20 weniger als ich dachte
he's down to his last £10 — er hat nur noch £ 10
See:→ luck5)I've got it down in my diary — ich habe es in meinem Kalender notiertlet's get it down on paper — schreiben wir es auf, halten wir es schriftlich fest
when you see it down on paper — wenn man es schwarz auf weiß sieht
6)from the biggest down — vom Größten angefangenfrom 1700 down to the present —
8)to pay £20 down — £ 20 anzahlenI've put down a deposit on a new bike —
2. PREPOSITION1)to go/come down the hill/the stairs etc — den Berg/die Treppe etc hinuntergehen/herunterkommenher hair fell loose down her back — sie trug ihr Haar offen über die Schultern
2)he's already halfway down the hill — er ist schon auf halbem Wege nach unten3)= along
he was walking/coming down the street — er ging/kam die Straße entlangif you look down this road, you can see... — wenn Sie diese Straße hinunterblicken, können Sie... sehen
4)= throughout
down the centuries — durch die Jahrhunderte (hindurch)5)= to, in, at Brit inf
he's gone down the pub — er ist in die Kneipe gegangen3. NOUN(= dislike) __diams; to have a down on sb (inf) jdn auf dem Kieker haben (inf) → upSee:→ up4. ADJECTIVE (inf)1)= depressed
he was (feeling) a bit down — er fühlte sich ein wenig down (inf) or niedergeschlagen2)= not working
to be down — außer Betrieb sein; (Comput) abgestürzt sein5. TRANSITIVE VERBopponent niederschlagen, zu Fall bringen; enemy planes abschießen, (he)runterholen (inf); (FTBL ETC, inf) player legen (inf); beer etc runterkippen or -schütten (inf) IIn(= feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl; (= fine hair) Flaum m IIIn usu pl (GEOG)Hügelland nt no pl* * ** * *I noun(Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)II noun2) (hair) Flaum, derIII 1. adverb1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter
go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen
get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren
come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen
3) (of money): (at once) sofortpay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen
4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern
put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen
down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!
8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) untenlow/lower down — tief/tiefer unten
down there/here — da/hier unten
down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande
down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)
down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten
down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern
down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)
9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde10) (on paper)be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein
11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Bodenbe down — (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen
13) (in depression)down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen
14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger15)be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...
we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund
now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun
17) (including lower limit)from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter
18) (in position of lagging or loss) wenigerbe three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen
2. prepositionbe down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also up 1.
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen
walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen
2) (downwards through) durchfall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen
4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen
the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden
6) (along)come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen
go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen
7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] untenfurther down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste
8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee
10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)3. adjectivedown the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]4. transitive verb(coll.)1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]3)down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen
4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]5. noun(coll.)•• Cultural note:have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist* * *(fluff) n.Flaum nur sing. m. (feathers) n.Daune -n f. adj.abwärts adj.herab adj.herunter adj.hinab adj.hinunter adj.nieder adj.rückwärts adj.unten adj.zusammengebrochen (alt.Rechtschreibung) adj. -
36 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister. -
37 sal
Del verbo salir: ( conjugate salir) \ \
sal es: \ \2ª persona singular (tú) imperativoMultiple Entries: sal salir
sal sustantivo femenino 1 (Coc) salt; echarle la sal a algn (Méx fam) to put a jinx on sb 2 (Quím) salt; sales de baño bath salts (pl)
salir ( conjugate salir) verbo intransitivo 1 ( partir) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sale el tren? what time does the train leave?;el jefe había salido de viaje the boss was away; salió corriendo (fam) she was off like a shot (colloq); sal de algo to leave from sth; ¿de qué andén sale el tren? what platform does the train leave from?; salgo de casa a las siete I leave home at seven; sal para algo to leave for sth 2 ( al exterior — acercándose al hablante) to come out; (— alejándose del hablante) to go out; no puedo sal, me he quedado encerrado I can't get out, I'm trapped in here; sal de algo to come out/get out of sth; ¡sal de ahí/de aquí! come out of there/get out of here!; ¿de dónde salió este dinero? where did this money come from?; nunca ha salido de España he's never been out of Spain; sal por la ventana/por la puerta to get out through the window/leave by the door; salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the garden; ¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? can I get on to the road this way?; salió a hacer las compras she's gone out (to do the) shopping 3 ( habiendo terminado algo) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sales de clase? what time do you get out of class o finish your class?;¿cuándo sale del hospital? when is he coming out of (the) hospital? 4 sal con algn to go out with sb 5 [clavo/tapón/mancha] to come out; [ anillo] to come off 1 (aparecer, manifestarse) (+ me/te/le etc) le están saliendo los dientes she's teething; me salió una ampolla I've got a blister; le salió un sarpullido he came out in a rash; me salieron granos I broke out o (BrE) came out in spots; me sale sangre de la nariz my nose is bleeding; a la planta le están saliendo hojas nuevas the plant's putting out new leaves ( de detrás de una nube) to come out 2 [ disco] to come out, be released; (+ compl) 1 ( expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc): ahora mismo no me sale su nombre (fam) I can't think of her name right now; no le salían las palabras he couldn't get his words out 2◊ sale más barato/caro it works out less/more expensiveb) ( resultar):◊ todo salió bien everything turned out o worked out well;salió tal como lo planeamos it turned out just as we planned; no salió ninguna de las fotos none of the photographs came out; ¿qué número salió premiado? what was the winning number?; sal bien/mal en un examen (Chi fam) to pass/fail an exam; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 (de situación, estado) sal de algo ‹ de apuro› to get out of sth; ‹ de depresión› to get over sth; sal adelante [ negocio] to stay afloat, survive; [ propuesta] to prosper;◊ lograron sal adelante they managed to get through it4 ( con preposición)a)b)salirse verbo pronominal 1 [ leche] to boil over; salse de algo ‹ de carretera› to come/go off sth; ‹ de tema› to get off sth; procura no salte del presupuesto try to keep within the budget [ gas] to escape, come out 2 ( soltarse) [pedazo/pieza] to come off; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 ( irse) to leave; salse de algo ‹ de asociación› to leave sth;◊ salse con la suya to get one's (own) way
sal sustantivo femenino
1 salt
sal fina o de mesa, table salt
sal gruesa o gorda, cooking salt
sales de baño, bath salts
2 fam (chispa, gracejo) wit, sparkle
la sal de la vida, the spice of life
salir verbo intransitivo
1 (de un lugar) to go out: nunca ha salido de su país, he's never been out of his country
el ladrón salió por la ventana, the burglar got out through the window (si el hablante está fuera) to come out: ¡sal de la habitación, por favor! please, come out of the room!
2 Inform to exit (de un sistema) to log off
3 (partir) to leave: salí de casa a mediodía, I left home at noon
nuestro avión sale a las seis, our plane departs at six
4 (para divertirse) to go out: siempre sale los viernes, she always goes out on Friday
5 (tener una relación) to go out: está saliendo con Ana, he's going out with Ana
6 Dep to start (en juegos) to lead
7 (manifestarse, emerger) le ha salido un grano en la cara, he has got a spot on his face
me salió sangre de la nariz, my nose was bleeding (un astro) to rise: la Luna sale al atardecer, the moon comes out in the evening (retoñar, germinar) to sprout
8 (surgir) la idea salió de ti, it was your idea
9 (aparecer) mi hermana salía en (la) televisión, my sister appeared on television (un libro, un disco, etc) to come out
10 salir a (parecerse) ha salido a su hermano, he takes after his brother (costar) el almuerzo sale a 800 pesetas cada uno, lunch works out at 800 pesetas a head
11 (resultar) su hija le ha salido muy estudiosa, her daughter has turned out to be very studious
salió premiado el número 5.566, the winning number was 5,566 (una operación matemática) a él le da 20, pero a mí me sale 25, he gets 20, but I make it 25
12 (costar) nos sale barato, it works out cheap
13 (superar una situación, una gran dificultad) to come through, get over: estuvo muy enfermo, pero salió de esa, he was very ill, but he pulled through
14 (ser elegido por votación) salió alcalde, he was elected mayor Locuciones: salir con, (manifestación inesperada) no me salgas ahora con estupideces, stop talking nonsense ' sal' also found in these entries: Spanish: afuera - corta - corto - derretir - hervir - le - media - medio - pizca - rasa - raso - salir - salar - salada - salado - salero - sazonar - sosa - soso - vinagrera - pellizco - poder - por - reducir English: bow - coarse - grain - overdo - pass - pinch - put - rock salt - salt - salt-free - reach - some - unsalted [sæl]1.N sal f2.CPDsal ammoniac N — sal f amoníaca
sal volatile N — sal f volátil
-
38 saldré
Del verbo salir: ( conjugate salir) \ \
saldré es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) futuro indicativoMultiple Entries: saldré salir
saldré,◊ saldría, etc see salir
salir ( conjugate salir) verbo intransitivo 1 ( partir) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sale el tren? what time does the train leave?;el jefe había salido de viaje the boss was away; salió corriendo (fam) she was off like a shot (colloq); saldré de algo to leave from sth; ¿de qué andén sale el tren? what platform does the train leave from?; salgo de casa a las siete I leave home at seven; saldré para algo to leave for sth 2 ( al exterior — acercándose al hablante) to come out; (— alejándose del hablante) to go out; no puedo saldré, me he quedado encerrado I can't get out, I'm trapped in here; saldré de algo to come out/get out of sth; ¡sal de ahí/de aquí! come out of there/get out of here!; ¿de dónde salió este dinero? where did this money come from?; nunca ha salido de España he's never been out of Spain; saldré por la ventana/por la puerta to get out through the window/leave by the door; salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the garden; ¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? can I get on to the road this way?; salió a hacer las compras she's gone out (to do the) shopping 3 ( habiendo terminado algo) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sales de clase? what time do you get out of class o finish your class?;¿cuándo sale del hospital? when is he coming out of (the) hospital? 4 saldré con algn to go out with sb 5 [clavo/tapón/mancha] to come out; [ anillo] to come off 1 (aparecer, manifestarse) (+ me/te/le etc) le están saliendo los dientes she's teething; me salió una ampolla I've got a blister; le salió un sarpullido he came out in a rash; me salieron granos I broke out o (BrE) came out in spots; me sale sangre de la nariz my nose is bleeding; a la planta le están saliendo hojas nuevas the plant's putting out new leaves ( de detrás de una nube) to come out 2 [ disco] to come out, be released; (+ compl) 1 ( expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc): ahora mismo no me sale su nombre (fam) I can't think of her name right now; no le salían las palabras he couldn't get his words out 2◊ sale más barato/caro it works out less/more expensiveb) ( resultar):◊ todo salió bien everything turned out o worked out well;salió tal como lo planeamos it turned out just as we planned; no salió ninguna de las fotos none of the photographs came out; ¿qué número salió premiado? what was the winning number?; saldré bien/mal en un examen (Chi fam) to pass/fail an exam; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 (de situación, estado) saldré de algo ‹ de apuro› to get out of sth; ‹ de depresión› to get over sth; saldré adelante [ negocio] to stay afloat, survive; [ propuesta] to prosper;◊ lograron saldré adelante they managed to get through it4 ( con preposición)a)b)salirse verbo pronominal 1 [ leche] to boil over; saldrése de algo ‹ de carretera› to come/go off sth; ‹ de tema› to get off sth; procura no saldréte del presupuesto try to keep within the budget [ gas] to escape, come out 2 ( soltarse) [pedazo/pieza] to come off; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 ( irse) to leave; saldrése de algo ‹ de asociación› to leave sth;◊ saldrése con la suya to get one's (own) way
salir verbo intransitivo
1 (de un lugar) to go out: nunca ha salido de su país, he's never been out of his country
el ladrón salió por la ventana, the burglar got out through the window (si el hablante está fuera) to come out: ¡sal de la habitación, por favor! please, come out of the room!
2 Inform to exit (de un sistema) to log off
3 (partir) to leave: salí de casa a mediodía, I left home at noon
nuestro avión sale a las seis, our plane departs at six
4 (para divertirse) to go out: siempre sale los viernes, she always goes out on Friday
5 (tener una relación) to go out: está saliendo con Ana, he's going out with Ana
6 Dep to start (en juegos) to lead
7 (manifestarse, emerger) le ha salido un grano en la cara, he has got a spot on his face
me salió sangre de la nariz, my nose was bleeding (un astro) to rise: la Luna sale al atardecer, the moon comes out in the evening (retoñar, germinar) to sprout
8 (surgir) la idea salió de ti, it was your idea
9 (aparecer) mi hermana salía en (la) televisión, my sister appeared on television (un libro, un disco, etc) to come out
10 salir a (parecerse) ha salido a su hermano, he takes after his brother (costar) el almuerzo sale a 800 pesetas cada uno, lunch works out at 800 pesetas a head
11 (resultar) su hija le ha salido muy estudiosa, her daughter has turned out to be very studious
salió premiado el número 5.566, the winning number was 5,566 (una operación matemática) a él le da 20, pero a mí me sale 25, he gets 20, but I make it 25
12 (costar) nos sale barato, it works out cheap
13 (superar una situación, una gran dificultad) to come through, get over: estuvo muy enfermo, pero salió de esa, he was very ill, but he pulled through
14 (ser elegido por votación) salió alcalde, he was elected mayor Locuciones: salir con, (manifestación inesperada) no me salgas ahora con estupideces, stop talking nonsense ' saldré' also found in these entries: Spanish: sin -
39 salga
Del verbo salir: ( conjugate salir) \ \
salga es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativoMultiple Entries: salga salir
salga,◊ salgas, etc see salir
salir ( conjugate salir) verbo intransitivo 1 ( partir) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sale el tren? what time does the train leave?;el jefe había salido de viaje the boss was away; salió corriendo (fam) she was off like a shot (colloq); salga de algo to leave from sth; ¿de qué andén sale el tren? what platform does the train leave from?; salgo de casa a las siete I leave home at seven; salga para algo to leave for sth 2 ( al exterior — acercándose al hablante) to come out; (— alejándose del hablante) to go out; no puedo salga, me he quedado encerrado I can't get out, I'm trapped in here; salga de algo to come out/get out of sth; ¡sal de ahí/de aquí! come out of there/get out of here!; ¿de dónde salió este dinero? where did this money come from?; nunca ha salido de España he's never been out of Spain; salga por la ventana/por la puerta to get out through the window/leave by the door; salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the garden; ¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? can I get on to the road this way?; salió a hacer las compras she's gone out (to do the) shopping 3 ( habiendo terminado algo) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sales de clase? what time do you get out of class o finish your class?;¿cuándo sale del hospital? when is he coming out of (the) hospital? 4 salga con algn to go out with sb 5 [clavo/tapón/mancha] to come out; [ anillo] to come off 1 (aparecer, manifestarse) (+ me/te/le etc) le están saliendo los dientes she's teething; me salió una ampolla I've got a blister; le salió un sarpullido he came out in a rash; me salieron granos I broke out o (BrE) came out in spots; me sale sangre de la nariz my nose is bleeding; a la planta le están saliendo hojas nuevas the plant's putting out new leaves ( de detrás de una nube) to come out 2 [ disco] to come out, be released; (+ compl) 1 ( expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc): ahora mismo no me sale su nombre (fam) I can't think of her name right now; no le salían las palabras he couldn't get his words out 2◊ sale más barato/caro it works out less/more expensiveb) ( resultar):◊ todo salió bien everything turned out o worked out well;salió tal como lo planeamos it turned out just as we planned; no salió ninguna de las fotos none of the photographs came out; ¿qué número salió premiado? what was the winning number?; salga bien/mal en un examen (Chi fam) to pass/fail an exam; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 (de situación, estado) salga de algo ‹ de apuro› to get out of sth; ‹ de depresión› to get over sth; salga adelante [ negocio] to stay afloat, survive; [ propuesta] to prosper;◊ lograron salga adelante they managed to get through it4 ( con preposición)a)b)salirse verbo pronominal 1 [ leche] to boil over; salgase de algo ‹ de carretera› to come/go off sth; ‹ de tema› to get off sth; procura no salgate del presupuesto try to keep within the budget [ gas] to escape, come out 2 ( soltarse) [pedazo/pieza] to come off; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 ( irse) to leave; salgase de algo ‹ de asociación› to leave sth;◊ salgase con la suya to get one's (own) way
salir verbo intransitivo
1 (de un lugar) to go out: nunca ha salido de su país, he's never been out of his country
el ladrón salió por la ventana, the burglar got out through the window (si el hablante está fuera) to come out: ¡sal de la habitación, por favor! please, come out of the room!
2 Inform to exit (de un sistema) to log off
3 (partir) to leave: salí de casa a mediodía, I left home at noon
nuestro avión sale a las seis, our plane departs at six
4 (para divertirse) to go out: siempre sale los viernes, she always goes out on Friday
5 (tener una relación) to go out: está saliendo con Ana, he's going out with Ana
6 Dep to start (en juegos) to lead
7 (manifestarse, emerger) le ha salido un grano en la cara, he has got a spot on his face
me salió sangre de la nariz, my nose was bleeding (un astro) to rise: la Luna sale al atardecer, the moon comes out in the evening (retoñar, germinar) to sprout
8 (surgir) la idea salió de ti, it was your idea
9 (aparecer) mi hermana salía en (la) televisión, my sister appeared on television (un libro, un disco, etc) to come out
10 salir a (parecerse) ha salido a su hermano, he takes after his brother (costar) el almuerzo sale a 800 pesetas cada uno, lunch works out at 800 pesetas a head
11 (resultar) su hija le ha salido muy estudiosa, her daughter has turned out to be very studious
salió premiado el número 5.566, the winning number was 5,566 (una operación matemática) a él le da 20, pero a mí me sale 25, he gets 20, but I make it 25
12 (costar) nos sale barato, it works out cheap
13 (superar una situación, una gran dificultad) to come through, get over: estuvo muy enfermo, pero salió de esa, he was very ill, but he pulled through
14 (ser elegido por votación) salió alcalde, he was elected mayor Locuciones: salir con, (manifestación inesperada) no me salgas ahora con estupideces, stop talking nonsense ' salga' also found in these entries: Spanish: batida - cerrojo - esperar - reparar - ojalá - rezar - suponer English: averse - disapprove - succeed -
40 salido
Del verbo salir: ( conjugate salir) \ \
salido es: \ \el participioMultiple Entries: salido salir
salido
◊ -da adjetivo ‹ojos/dientes› protruding;‹frente/mentón› prominent
salir ( conjugate salir) verbo intransitivo 1 ( partir) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sale el tren? what time does the train leave?;el jefe había salido de viaje the boss was away; salió corriendo (fam) she was off like a shot (colloq); salido de algo to leave from sth; ¿de qué andén sale el tren? what platform does the train leave from?; salgo de casa a las siete I leave home at seven; salido para algo to leave for sth 2 ( al exterior — acercándose al hablante) to come out; (— alejándose del hablante) to go out; no puedo salido, me he quedado encerrado I can't get out, I'm trapped in here; salido de algo to come out/get out of sth; ¡sal de ahí/de aquí! come out of there/get out of here!; ¿de dónde salió este dinero? where did this money come from?; nunca ha salido de España he's never been out of Spain; salido por la ventana/por la puerta to get out through the window/leave by the door; salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the garden; ¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? can I get on to the road this way?; salió a hacer las compras she's gone out (to do the) shopping 3 ( habiendo terminado algo) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sales de clase? what time do you get out of class o finish your class?;¿cuándo sale del hospital? when is he coming out of (the) hospital? 4 salido con algn to go out with sb 5 [clavo/tapón/mancha] to come out; [ anillo] to come off 1 (aparecer, manifestarse) (+ me/te/le etc) le están saliendo los dientes she's teething; me salió una ampolla I've got a blister; le salió un sarpullido he came out in a rash; me salieron granos I broke out o (BrE) came out in spots; me sale sangre de la nariz my nose is bleeding; a la planta le están saliendo hojas nuevas the plant's putting out new leaves ( de detrás de una nube) to come out 2 [ disco] to come out, be released; (+ compl) 1 ( expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc): ahora mismo no me sale su nombre (fam) I can't think of her name right now; no le salían las palabras he couldn't get his words out 2◊ sale más barato/caro it works out less/more expensiveb) ( resultar):◊ todo salió bien everything turned out o worked out well;salió tal como lo planeamos it turned out just as we planned; no salió ninguna de las fotos none of the photographs came out; ¿qué número salió premiado? what was the winning number?; salido bien/mal en un examen (Chi fam) to pass/fail an exam; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 (de situación, estado) salido de algo ‹ de apuro› to get out of sth; ‹ de depresión› to get over sth; salido adelante [ negocio] to stay afloat, survive; [ propuesta] to prosper;◊ lograron salido adelante they managed to get through it4 ( con preposición)a)b)salirse verbo pronominal 1 [ leche] to boil over; salidose de algo ‹ de carretera› to come/go off sth; ‹ de tema› to get off sth; procura no salidote del presupuesto try to keep within the budget [ gas] to escape, come out 2 ( soltarse) [pedazo/pieza] to come off; (+ me/te/le etc) 3 ( irse) to leave; salidose de algo ‹ de asociación› to leave sth;◊ salidose con la suya to get one's (own) way
salido,-a adjetivo
1 (saliente, prominente) projecting (frente, pómulos, etc) prominent (ojos) bulging familiar sticky-out
2 fam pey (cachondo) horny, randy
salir verbo intransitivo
1 (de un lugar) to go out: nunca ha salido de su país, he's never been out of his country
el ladrón salió por la ventana, the burglar got out through the window (si el hablante está fuera) to come out: ¡sal de la habitación, por favor! please, come out of the room!
2 Inform to exit (de un sistema) to log off
3 (partir) to leave: salí de casa a mediodía, I left home at noon
nuestro avión sale a las seis, our plane departs at six
4 (para divertirse) to go out: siempre sale los viernes, she always goes out on Friday
5 (tener una relación) to go out: está saliendo con Ana, he's going out with Ana
6 Dep to start (en juegos) to lead
7 (manifestarse, emerger) le ha salido un grano en la cara, he has got a spot on his face
me salió sangre de la nariz, my nose was bleeding (un astro) to rise: la Luna sale al atardecer, the moon comes out in the evening (retoñar, germinar) to sprout
8 (surgir) la idea salió de ti, it was your idea
9 (aparecer) mi hermana salía en (la) televisión, my sister appeared on television (un libro, un disco, etc) to come out
10 salir a (parecerse) ha salido a su hermano, he takes after his brother (costar) el almuerzo sale a 800 pesetas cada uno, lunch works out at 800 pesetas a head
11 (resultar) su hija le ha salido muy estudiosa, her daughter has turned out to be very studious
salió premiado el número 5.566, the winning number was 5,566 (una operación matemática) a él le da 20, pero a mí me sale 25, he gets 20, but I make it 25
12 (costar) nos sale barato, it works out cheap
13 (superar una situación, una gran dificultad) to come through, get over: estuvo muy enfermo, pero salió de esa, he was very ill, but he pulled through
14 (ser elegido por votación) salió alcalde, he was elected mayor Locuciones: salir con, (manifestación inesperada) no me salgas ahora con estupideces, stop talking nonsense ' salido' also found in these entries: Spanish: beneficiada - beneficiado - cascarón - contingente - escopetada - escopetado - mancha - movida - movido - respondón - respondona - sabrosa - sabroso - salir - salida - salirse - alegrar - calle - deber - parado - señor English: bump - out of - recession - spring - up - abroad - far - inkling - protrude
См. также в других словарях:
River Works (MBTA station) — Infobox Station name=River Works image size= image caption= address=1000 Western Avenue Lynn, MA, 01910 coordinates= line=rail color box|system=MBTA|line=Newburyport/Rockport other= platform= tracks= parking= bicycle= passengers= pass year= pass… … Wikipedia
River Parrett — Geobox River name = River Parrett native name = other name = other name1 = image size = image caption = River Parrett near Burrowbridge etymology = The barge river from Latin paradie barse country = England country1 = state = Dorset state1 =… … Wikipedia
River Don, South Yorkshire — River Don The River Don as it flows past Hillsborough Stadium. Origin Pennines … Wikipedia
River Darent — Confluence of the River Darent (left) and the River Cray on Crayford Marshes. Origin Hills south of Westerham TQ 450 519 … Wikipedia
River Cray — Confluence of the River Darent and the River Cray (right) on Crayford Marshes. Origin Orpington Pond TQ 468 668 … Wikipedia
River Nene — River The River Nene at Kislingbury Watermill, Northamptonshir … Wikipedia
River Hull — River The tidal barrier at the mouth of the river … Wikipedia
River Poulter — River The ford at Crookford, where a track crosses the Poulter … Wikipedia
River City Ransom — North American box art Developer(s) Technōs Japan (NES) SPS (X68000) KID (Super CD ROM²) … Wikipedia
River Point, Rhode Island — River Point in West Warwick, Rhode Island, United States, is a community made up of mill houses and three mills. As of 2006 two are being rehabilitated as condominiums and office projects and the third is still manufacturing high quality hand… … Wikipedia
River Hill, Columbia, Maryland — River Hill is the last village to be developed in the town of Columbia, Maryland, though numerous residents have addresses in Clarksville. It is home to about 6,500 residents. It is bounded by Maryland Route 108 and Maryland Route 32, and is… … Wikipedia