remain

1) (to be left: Only two tins of soup remain; Very little remained of the cinema after the fire; A great many things still remain to be done.) permanecer

2) (to stay; not to leave: I shall remain here.) ficar

3) (to continue to be: The problem remains unsolved.) permanecer

•

- remainder

* * *

[rim'ein] vi 1 ficar, permanecer. 2 sobrar, restar. that remains to be proved / isto ainda precisa ser provado. that remains to do / isto está por fazer. 3 perdurar, continuar, persistir. 4 sobreviver. we remain yours sincerely (em cartas) permanecemos (ou subscrevemo-nos), atenciosamente.

1) (to be left: Only two tins of soup remain; Very little remained of the cinema after the fire; A great many things still remain to be done.) restar

2) (to stay; not to leave: I shall remain here.) ficar

3) (to continue to be: The problem remains unsolved.) permanecer

•

- remainder

permanecer (stay); restar

to remain stationary

não progredir.

to remain unseated

ficar em pé.

we remain yours sincerely

(em cartas) permanecemos (ou subscrevemo-nos), atenciosamente.

1) (to have for a very long or indefinite period of time: He gave me the picture to keep.) guardar

2) (not to give or throw away; to preserve: I kept the most interesting books; Can you keep a secret?) guardar

3) (to (cause to) remain in a certain state or position: I keep this gun loaded; How do you keep cool in this heat?; Will you keep me informed of what happens?) manter

4) (to go on (performing or repeating a certain action): He kept walking.) continuar a

5) (to have in store: I always keep a tin of baked beans for emergencies.) guardar

6) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) cuidar

7) (to remain in good condition: That meat won't keep in this heat unless you put it in the fridge.) conservar

8) (to make entries in (a diary, accounts etc): She keeps a diary to remind her of her appointments; He kept the accounts for the club.) fazer

9) (to hold back or delay: Sorry to keep you.) atrasar

10) (to provide food, clothes, housing for (someone): He has a wife and child to keep.) sustentar

11) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) manter

12) (to celebrate: to keep Christmas.) celebrar

- keeper

* * *

[ki:p] n 1 sustento, manutenção, alimentação e moradia. 2 pasto, prado. 3 calabouço, prisão, masmorra, torre de menagem. • vt+vi (ps, pp kept) 1 ter, possuir, guardar. she keeps a thing close / ela sabe guardar um segredo. she keeps lodgers / ela tem inquilinos. 2 conservar, reter, deter. 3 reservar, guardar, ocultar. 4 cuidar, tomar conta, proteger, favorecer, resguardar, defender. she keeps guard over the treasure / ela vela o tesouro. they keep hold of their property / eles sabem guardar (ou defender) sua propriedade. 5 lembrar, ter em mente. 6 empregar, aproveitar. 7 impedir, deter, prevenir. 8 refrear, reprimir, abster-se. 9 manter, manter em condições, preservar, durar. keep your balance / não perca o seu equilíbrio. he keeps his countenance / ele mantém a calma. she keeps peace / ela mantém a paz. the meat will keep till tomorrow / a carne conservar-se-á até amanhã. 10 cultivar. 11 continuar, permanecer, prolongar. 12 celebrar, observar. 13 cumprir, executar, ser fiel à palavra. 14 alimentar, sustentar. I keep him on milk / alimento-o com leite. 15 armazenar, ter em estoque ou à venda. l6 manter(-se). he keeps his ground / ele mantém-se firme. 17 criar. 18 gerir, dirigir, ter um negócio. they keep a shop / eles têm uma loja. for keeps 1 para ficar com alguma coisa (não para devolver). 2 permanentemente, para sempre. he keeps pace with his friend ela anda ao mesmo passo que o seu amigo, fig iguala-o. he keeps the bed ele está acamado, doente. how are you keeping? como vai?, como tem passado? keep going! continua!, continua andando! keep the ball rolling! não ceda!, continue esforçando-se! keep your distance mantenha a distância (também fig). keep your hair on! sangue frio!, calma! keep your head! não perca a cabeça! to keep aloof manter-se afastado. to keep a low profile sl passar despercebido, tentar não chamar a atenção. to keep an eye on coll vigiar, tomar conta. to keep a straight face ficar sério. to keep asunder manter separado, estar desunido. to keep at it persistir numa coisa, manter-se firme, insistir em alguma coisa, empenhar-se. to keep away a) conservar-se afastado. b) abster-se. c) afastar(-se). to keep back a) retardar, reter o progresso. b) reservar uma parte, guardar um pouco. c) não contar, silenciar. d) conter, conservar baixo. e) segurar, parar no estômago. to keep body and soul together manter-se vivo. to keep books escriturar (contas). to keep clear of manter-se afastado de alguém ou de alguma coisa. to keep company a) ficar junto, estar em companhia. b) fig namorar. to keep down a) abaixar-se. b) oprimir, humilhar. c) reprimir. to keep fit conservar a forma. to keep from a) guardar, conservar. b) preservar. c) impedir, impossibilitar. d) sonegar. e) abster-se. to keep house ter casa. to keep in a) deter, reter. b) comprimir. c) não sair de casa, ficar em casa. d) ficar na parte de dentro. to keep in custody guardar, custodiar. to keep in mind ter em mente, lembrar-se. to keep in with someone estar às boas com alguém, estar bem com. to keep off a) reter, impedir, barrar. keep off! / mantenha distância!, cuidado!, cautela! b) afastar(-se), ficar longe de. c) repelir, rejeitar. d) evitar. to keep on a) continuar, prosseguir. for how long is this to keep on? / quanto tempo isto deve durar? b) avançar, seguir. c) ficar (com o chapéu na cabeça). d) ficar vestido. e) conservar, guardar, manter. to keep on at someone amolar, importunar. to keep one’s end up continuar, prosseguir, não desistir. to keep one’s hand in praticar, conservar aptidão através da prática, continuar em forma. to keep one’s head down evitar chamar atenção sobre si mesmo, passar despercebido. to keep one’s shirt/ pants on coll ficar calmo, ficar frio. to keep out a) impedir a entrada. keep out! / entrada proibida! b) excluir, afastar. to keep quiet ficar quieto. to keep silence ficar calado. to keep smiling não desanimar, sorrir sempre. to keep someone at it obrigar alguém a trabalhar. to keep someone in clothes prover alguém de roupas. to keep someone out of excluir alguém de algo, deixar fora de. to keep someone waiting fazer alguém esperar. to keep something to oneself guardar segredo, ocultar algo. to keep still não se mexer. to keep tab(s) on Amer a) registrar, anotar. b) coll controlar, vigiar. to keep time a) Mus manter o compasso. b) estar certo ou andar bem, ser pontual. to keep to a) seguir, obedecer, aderir. keep to the left! / seguir à esquerda! b) limitar-se a. c) permanecer. to keep to oneself isolar-se dos outros espontaneamente. to keep track of a) ficar informado. b) observar atentamente. to keep under a) conter, reprimir, refrear, tirar a liberdade. b) deixar inconsciente, manter dopado. to keep up a) manter, conservar. b) sustentar, prover. c) continuar, prosseguir, manter-se, não desanimar. the rain keeps up / continua chovendo. d) atualizar-se, ajustar-se. to keep up appearances manter as aparências. to keep up with não ficar atrás, adaptar-se, imitar, copiar. to play for keeps jogar por dinheiro. where do you keep? onde é que você mora?

1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) deixar

2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) deixar

3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) deixar

4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) deixar

5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) deixar

6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) deixar

•

- leave alone

1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) licença

2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) licença

•

- take one's leave of

* * *

[li:v] n 1 licença, permissão. 2 partida, despedida. by your leave com (sua) licença. leave of absence permissão para ausentar-se do trabalho, licença do trabalho. maternity leave licença-maternidade. on leave de licença. to ask for leave of absence pedir licença (para ausentar-se do trabalho). to take leave despedir-se, partir.

————————

[li:v] vt+vi (ps and pp left) 1 partir. 2 abandonar. 3 retirar-se, sair. 4 cessar. 5 desistir. 6 deixar, deixar ficar. 7 legar. 8 submeter à aprovação. 9 depositar, confiar à guarda de. 10 sobrar. there is nothing left nada sobrou. to leave about deixar jogado de qualquer maneira. to leave alone não incomodar, não interferir, deixar em paz. to leave be deixar estar, não interferir. to leave behind deixar para trás, esquecer. to leave cold deixar indiferente. to leave for partir para. to leave go/ hold of largar, soltar. to leave it lay deixar para lá. to leave much to be desired deixar muito a desejar. to leave no stone unturned não deixar pedra sobre pedra. to leave off a) desistir, descontinuar. b) deixar de vestir. to leave out omitir. to leave out in the cold deixar de lado, ignorar. to leave over deixar para considerações futuras. to leave something up to somebody deixar alguma coisa por conta de alguém.

————————

[li:v] vi cobrir-se de folhas.

1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) estar de pé

2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) pôr-se de pé

3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) permanecer

4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) manter-se em vigor

5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) encontrar-se

6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) estar

7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) candidatar-se

8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) colocar

9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) sofrer

10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) pagar

1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) posição

2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) suporte

3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) quiosque

4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) arquibancada

5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) barra das testemunhas

•

- take the stand

1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) duração

2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) prestígio

•

- stand-by

- stand-in

* * *

[stænd] n 1 parada, pausa, descanso. 2 resistência, defesa. 3 lugar, posto, posição, estação, ponto. 4 plataforma, tribuna, estrado. 5 andaime, suporte, estante. 6 estande: recinto reservado a cada participante de uma exposição. 7 barraca, tenda, banca (de jornais e revistas). 8 grupo de árvores ou plantas. 9 coll loja, local de negócio. 10 Amer banco onde as testemunhas depõem. 11 arquibancada. 12 descanso, suporte. 13 pé, pedestal. • vt+vi (ps, pp stood) 1 estar em pé. 2 ter certa altura quando em pé, medir. 3 levantar, ficar em pé. 4 estar situado ou localizado, encontrar-se. 5 colocar, encostar, pôr em pé. don’t stand the umbrella against the table! / não encoste o guarda-chuva na mesa! 6 estar colocado, ocupar certo lugar ou cargo. 7 manter em certa posição. 8 sustentar. 9 estar, ser, encontrar-se. 10 continuar, permanecer, resistir, oferecer resistência. 11 tolerar, agüentar. I can’t stand him / não o posso tolerar. I can’t stand it any longer / não agüento mais isso. I can’t stand it / não tolero isso. there is no standing her stupidity / ninguém agüenta sua estupidez. 12 juntar-se, acumular-se. 13 durar. 14 sofrer, submeter-se, suportar. 15 custear, pagar. it stands me in eight dollars / coll isso me custa oito dólares. I’ll stand you a bottle / pago-lhe uma garrafa, convido-o para tomar um drinque. 16 manter um certo rumo. 17 parar, paralisar, ficar parado, estagnar. 18 valer, estar em vigor. 19 candidatar-se. he stands for Parliament / ele é candidato ao parlamento. 20 coll dar ou pagar conforme o trato. as it stands, as the case stands, as matters stand como estão as coisas, pela situação atual. and there it stands! basta! está encerrado o assunto! he stands no nonsense com ele não se brinca. he stands out like a sore thumb Amer sl ele chama a atenção (de maneira desagradável). how do we stand? como estamos? qual é a situação? it stands at that (cost) price o preço de custo é este. it stands to reason é plausível, evidente, razoável. stand off! saia de perto! vá embora! stand or fall vitória ou morte! the thermometer stands at 35° o termômetro marca 35°. the things I stand up in o que tenho no corpo (roupa). to be at a stand estar parado, estar perplexo, estar em dúvida, indeciso. to come to a stand chegar a um impasse. to make a stand parar, resistir, oferecer resistência, opor-se. to make a stand for something insistir em alguma coisa, responder por alguma coisa. to take a firm stand ocupar uma posição firme. to take one’s stand tomar posição, colocar-se. to take the stand Jur depor. to stand about ficar à toa, rodear. to stand against oferecer resistência, destacar-se de. to stand a good chance ter boas probabilidades. to stand a comparison poder enfrentar uma comparação. to stand alone estar sozinho, estar sem auxílio, estar em posição isolada. to stand aloof manter-se de lado, afastar-se. to stand aside sair ao caminho, ficar de lado. to stand at attention Mil tomar sentido. to stand back afastar-se, recuar. to stand between estar no caminho, estar no meio. to stand by estar presente, estar ao lado, assistir, estar de prontidão, manter (palavra). to stand by a thing defender uma coisa. to stand by one through thick and thin prestar assistência a outrem em qualquer vicissitude. to stand by one’s word manter sua palavra. to stand by someone assistir alguém, acudir. to stand condemned estar condenado. to stand corrected conformar-se com a pena, reconhecer seu erro. to stand down a) abdicar (em favor de outrem). b) Brit dar baixa (soldados). c) deixar o banco de testemunhas. to stand fast resistir, não ceder. to stand fire resistir à prova (suportar o fogo do inimigo). to stand first ser o primeiro, estar em primeiro lugar. to stand for a) significar, querer dizer. b) pretender. c) ter rumo para, velejar para. d) auxiliar. e) ser responsável por, representar. to stand forth mostrar-se, salientar-se. to stand from Naut vir de, ter rumo de, velejar de. to stand gaping ficar de boca aberta, boquiaberto. to stand godfather (to) ser padrinho (de). to stand good ter valor, estar válido. to stand high ter bom nome, ter boa fama. to stand in a) Naut velejar em direção à terra. b) substituir alguém (serviço). to stand in awe ter temor de. to stand in fear ter medo de. to stand in line ficar na fila. to stand in need of ter necessidade de, precisar. to stand in someone’s way estar no caminho de alguém, atrapalhar alguém, impedir alguém. to stand off ficar de lado, afastar-se, retroceder, retrair-se, recusar-se, protelar (pagamento), Naut ficar ao largo. to stand off from Naut afastar-se de. to stand on basear-se em alguma coisa, contar com alguma coisa. to stand on ceremony fazer cerimônias. to stand on end estar em pé (cabelos). to stand one’s ground manter-se, defender-se, ficar firme, não ceder. to stand on one’s dignity fazer questão da sua dignidade. to stand on one’s head ficar de ponta-cabeça, ficar de pernas para o ar. to stand one’s tackling manter seu ponto de vista. to stand on one’s right insistir em seu direito. to stand on your own two feet ser independente, ser auto-suficiente, andar com as próprias pernas. to stand out salientar-se, distinguir-se, sobressair, resistir, não ceder. to stand out for insistir em. to stand over ficar, sobrar, ficar em atraso, adiar, protelar. to stand pat Amer a) conformar-se, opor-se a mudanças. b) Game não pedir cartas, passar. to stand ready to prontificar-se, dispor-se a. to stand security dar fiança, garantir. to stand someone friend mostrar-se amigo para alguém. to stand someone up faltar a um encontro. to stand something on its head mudar de repente, virar de pernas para o ar. to stand still imobilizar-se, ficar parado. to stand the test (ou a trial) passar a prova. to stand to a) permanecer, manter. b) aderir a. c) apoiar, defender. she stood to him / ela o defendeu. to stand trial ser submetido a julgamento. to stand up a) levantar-se. b) Amer decepcionar, abandonar, deixar na mão. to stand up against levantar-se contra, rebelar-se, lutar contra. to stand up for defender, apoiar, tomar o partido de. to stand upon insistir em, basear-se em. to stand upon one’s guard tomar cuidado, precaver-se. to stand up to encarar, enfrentar. to stand well with dar-se bem com, ter amizade com. what stand do you take? qual é a sua opinião?

1) (to remain (in a place) for a time, eg while travelling, or as a guest etc: We stayed three nights at that hotel / with a friend / in Paris; Aunt Mary is coming to stay (for a fortnight); Would you like to stay for supper?; Stay and watch that television programme.) ficar

2) (to remain (in a particular position, place, state or condition): The doctor told her to stay in bed; He never stays long in any job; Stay away from the office till your cold is better; Why won't these socks stay up?; Stay where you are - don't move!; In 1900, people didn't realize that motor cars were here to stay.) ficar

- stay behind

* * *

[stei] n 1 permanência, estada, parada, tempo, temporada. 2 paralisação, impedimento, estorvo, restrição. 3 suspensão (de um processo). 4 coll resistência, tolerância. • vt+vi 1 ficar, permanecer. will he stay with you? / ele ficará com você. 2 morar, passar certo tempo ou uma temporada, residir, acomodar-se. she is staying with her sister / ela mora com sua irmã. 3 parar. 4 pausar, esperar. 5 ficar para. 6 parar, suspender, pôr fim a. 7 Amer coll satisfazer (fome ou apetite). 8 protelar, retardar, adiar, transferir. 9 reter, suspender, obstar, impedir. 10 agüentar, tolerar. 11 Amer coll satisfazer a fome ou o apetite. 12 vulg manter a ereção, Brit ficar de pau duro. don’t stay me up Amer coll não me deixe na mão. to be here (have come) to stay vir para ficar. mini-skirts are here to stay / minissaias vieram para ficar, minissaias tornaram-se geralmente aceitas. to stay away ficar afastado, ficar ausente. to stay behind ficar para trás. to stay for someone esperar por alguém. to stay for tea coll ficar para o chá. to stay home ficar em casa. to stay in ficar em casa. to stay loose ficar relaxado, Brit ficar numa boa. to stay on perdurar, ficar. to stay out ficar fora, demorar. to stay over Amer passar a noite fora. to stay put Amer estabelecer-se, ficar firme, não arredar pé. to stay single ficar solteiro. to stay the course competir até agüentar. to stay up ficar acordado.

————————

[stei] n 1 suporte, braço, esteio. 2 espartilho. 3 Naut tirante, estai. 4 apoio, arrimo, escora. 5 barbatana (de colarinho, de maiô, etc.). • vt+vi suportar, sustentar, manter. 2 colocar tirante, suportar com estai. 3 Naut virar de bordo. in stays Naut ao virar. stays, a pair of stays espartilho.

1) (to remain seated during a dance: Let's sit (this one) out.) não entrar na dança

2) (to remain inactive and wait until the end of: They'll try to sit out the crisis.) aguentar firme

1) (to have for a very long or indefinite period of time: He gave me the picture to keep.) guardar

2) (not to give or throw away; to preserve: I kept the most interesting books; Can you keep a secret?) guardar, conservar

3) (to (cause to) remain in a certain state or position: I keep this gun loaded; How do you keep cool in this heat?; Will you keep me informed of what happens?) manter(-se)

4) (to go on (performing or repeating a certain action): He kept walking.) prosseguir

5) (to have in store: I always keep a tin of baked beans for emergencies.) guardar

6) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) manter

7) (to remain in good condition: That meat won't keep in this heat unless you put it in the fridge.) conservar(-se)

8) (to make entries in (a diary, accounts etc): She keeps a diary to remind her of her appointments; He kept the accounts for the club.) manter

9) (to hold back or delay: Sorry to keep you.) reter

10) (to provide food, clothes, housing for (someone): He has a wife and child to keep.) manter

11) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) manter

12) (to celebrate: to keep Christmas.) celebrar

- keeper

1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) sair, partir

2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) deixar

3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) deixar

4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) deixar

5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) deixar

6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) deixar

•

- leave alone

1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) permissão

2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) licença

•

- take one's leave of

1) (to remain seated during a dance: Let's sit (this one) out.) ficar de fora

2) (to remain inactive and wait until the end of: They'll try to sit out the crisis.) agüentar até o fim

1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) ficar em pé

2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) levantar-se

3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) ficar

4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) permanecer

5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) ficar

6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) estar

7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) candidatar-se

8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) pôr em pé

9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) agüentar, submeter-se a

10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) oferecer

1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) posição

2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) suporte

3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) estande

4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) tribuna, arquibancada

5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) barra

•

- take the stand

1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) duração

2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) reputação

•

- stand-by

- stand-in

1) (to remain (in a place) for a time, eg while travelling, or as a guest etc: We stayed three nights at that hotel / with a friend / in Paris; Aunt Mary is coming to stay (for a fortnight); Would you like to stay for supper?; Stay and watch that television programme.) ficar

2) (to remain (in a particular position, place, state or condition): The doctor told her to stay in bed; He never stays long in any job; Stay away from the office till your cold is better; Why won't these socks stay up?; Stay where you are - don't move!; In 1900, people didn't realize that motor cars were here to stay.) ficar

- stay behind

1) ((often with to) to stick (to): This tape doesn't adhere (to the floor) very well.) colar

2) ((with to) to remain loyal (to): I'm adhering to my principles.) manter

•

- adherence

* * *

[ədh'iə] vi aderir: 1 grudar, colar-se, prender-se. this glue adheres well / esta cola adere bem. 2 ficar fiel a, seguir, apoiar. 3 devotar-se, dedicar-se.

adverb carinhosamente

* * *

[əfekʃənitli] adv afetuosamente, delicadamente. I remain affectionately yours / (em cartas) com um abraço carinhoso, subscrevo-me.

- anonymously

* * *

[æn'ɔniməs] adj anônimo, desconhecido.