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refinement

  • 1 cultus

        cultus ūs, m    [COL-], labor, care, cultivation, culture: agricolarum: agrorum, L.: fructum edere sine cultu hominum: corporis: frequens, constant, V.: praediscere patrios cultūs, traditional methods of husbandry, V.—Fig., training, education, culture: malo cultu corruptus: animi, mental discipline: pueritiae, means of education, S.: honestarum artium, Ta.: Recti cultūs, H.: Quīs neque mos neque cultus erat, civilization, V.—Style, care, way of life, cultivation, civilization, refinement, luxury: a cultu provinciae abesse, Cs.: humanus civilisque: (sequar) cultūs artīsque locorum, O.: lubido ganeae ceterique cultūs, dissipation, S.: in neutram partem cultūs miser, i. e. neither by gluttony nor by stinginess, H.—An honoring, reverence, adoration, veneration: deorum: cultu venerantur numina, O.: sui, Ta.: meus, for me, Ta.—Attire, dress, garb: miserabilis, S.: forma viri miseranda cultu, V.: virilis, H.: Dianae, O.: nulla cultūs iactatio, display in armor, Ta.: cultūs dotales, bridal array, Ta.
    * * *
    I
    culta -um, cultior -or -us, cultissimus -a -um ADJ
    cultivated/tilled/farmed (well); ornamented, neat/well groomed; polished/elegant
    II
    habitation; cultivation (land); civilization, refinement; polish, elegance; care, worship, devotion/observance; form of worship, cult; training/education; personal care/maintenance/grooming; style; finery, splendor; neatness/order

    Latin-English dictionary > cultus

  • 2 incultē

        incultē adv.    with comp, without refinement, coarsely: vivere: incultius agitare, S.—Of speech, roughly, rudely: dicere.
    * * *
    incultius, incultissime ADV
    roughly, uncouthly, coarsely; without refinement/manners/style

    Latin-English dictionary > incultē

  • 3 cultus

    1.
    cultus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from 1. colo.
    2.
    cultus, ūs, m. [1. colo].
    I.
    Prop., a laboring at, labor, care, cultivation, culture (rare):

    quod est tam asperum saxetum, in quo agricolarum cultus non elaboret?

    Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

    agricolae,

    id. Leg. 1, 1, 1:

    agrorum,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7; Quint. prooem. § 26; cf. id. 8, 3, 75:

    (oves) neque sustentari neque ullum fructum edere ex se sine cultu hominum et curatione possent,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158; cf.:

    cultus et curatio corporis,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 94:

    omnis cultus fructusque Cereris in iis locis interisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen. (also rare), training, education, culture:

    malo cultu corruptus,

    Cic. Part. Or. 26, 91:

    animi,

    mental discipline, id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; cf.:

    recti cultus pectora roborant,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 34; id. Ep. 2, 2, 123:

    litterarum,

    Just. 9, 8, 18; Gell. 14, 6, 1:

    quos (barbaros reges) nulla eruditio, nullus litterarum cultus imbuerat,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 17, 1:

    quid tam dignum cultu atque labore ducamus (sc. quam vocem)?

    Quint. 2, 16, 17.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    An honoring, reverence, adoration, veneration:

    philosophia nos primum ad deorum cultum erudivit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64; id. Inv. 2, 53, 161; Ov. M. 2, 425:

    exquisitus religionis cultus,

    Val. Max. 5, 2, 1; 4, 4, 4.— In plur.:

    justis ac piis,

    Lact. 4, 3:

    de adventu regis et cultu sui,

    Tac. A. 2, 58.— Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,
    2.
    Care directed to the refinement of life (opp. to a state of nature), i. e. arrangements for living, style, manner of life, culture, cultivation, elegance, polish, civilization, refinement, etc.:

    homines a ferā agrestique vitā ad humanum cultum civilemque deducere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 33; cf.: eadem mediocritas ad omnem usum cultumque vitae transferenda est. id. Off. 1, 39, 140: [p. 489] (Belgae) a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 31; Verg. A. 5, 730; and in plur.:

    cultusque artesque virorum,

    Ov. M. 7, 58:

    liberalis,

    Liv. 45, 28, 11:

    humilis,

    id. 1, 39, 3:

    agrestis et rusticus,

    id. 7, 4, 6; cf.

    feri,

    Hor. C. 1, 10, 2:

    multas (artes) ad animorum corporumque cultum... invexit,

    Liv. 39, 8, 3:

    regio victu atque cultu aetatem agere,

    Sall. C. 37, 6;

    so with victus,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 3, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 24; Nep. Alcib. 11, 4 al.; cf. of improvement, cultivation of mind:

    animi cultus ille erat ei quasi quidam humanitatis cibus,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 54:

    non mores patrios solum, sed etiam cultum vestitumque mutavit,

    Nep. Paus. 3, 1. —In a bad sense, luxury, voluptuousness, wantonness:

    libido stupri, ganeae ceterique cultūs non minor incesserat,

    sensual indulgences, Sall. C. 13, 3; cf.:

    cultus ac desidia imperatoris,

    Liv. 29, 21, 13.—
    b.
    Transf., of ornaments of style:

    in verbis effusiorem, ut ipsi vocant, cultum adfectaverunt,

    Quint. 3, 8, 58; so id. 2, 5, 23; 10, 1, 124 al.—
    3.
    Style of dress, external appearance, clothing, dress, garb, apparel, attire; esp. ornament, decoration, splendid dress, splendor (so most freq.):

    aequato omnium cultu,

    Liv. 34, 4, 12:

    pastoralis,

    Vell. 1, 2:

    quam maxime miserabilis,

    Sall. J. 33, 1; Tert. Hab. Mul. 3:

    regius,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 1:

    militaris,

    Liv. 29, 19, 11:

    incinctus Gabino cultu,

    id. 10, 7, 3:

    justo mundior,

    id. 8, 15, 7:

    amoenior,

    id. 4, 44, 11 et saep.; Vell. 2, 40; Quint. 8, prooem. § 20; Suet. Caes. 44 et saep.; Hor. C. 1, 8, 16; 4, 9, 15; Ov. M. 3, 609 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cultus

  • 4 urbanitas

    urbānĭtas, ātis, f. [id.], a living in a city, city life.
    I.
    Lit.:

    desideria urbis et urbanitatis,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

    in urbis urbanitatisque desiderio,

    id. ib. 7, 17, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., city fashion, city manners, both in a good and in a bad sense.
    A.
    In a good sense.
    1.
    Refinement, elegance of manner, politeness, courtesy, affability, urbanity:

    addo urbanitatem, quae est virtus, ut Stoici rectissime putant,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—
    2.
    Refinement, delicacy, or elegance of speech:

    urbanitate quādam quasi colorata oratio,

    Cic. Brut. 46, 170; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 17 (opp. rusticitas); 6, 3, 103 sq.—
    b.
    In partic., wit, humor, pleasantry, raillery: contumelia si petulantius jactatur, convicium;

    si facetius, urbanitas nominatur,

    Cic. Cael. 3, 6:

    in quantam hominum facetorum urbanitatem incurratis, non dico,

    id. Fin. 2, 31, 103:

    ut aliquando subtilitatem veteris urbanitatis et humanissimi sermonis attingerem,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2:

    vides exaruisse jam veterem urbanitatem,

    id. Fam. 7, 31, 2:

    mancipiorum urbanitas in dominos contumeliosa,

    Sen. Const. 11, 3:

    in jocis,

    Quint. 2, 5, 8:

    oratoria,

    id. 6, 3, 14:

    risus si aptus est, urbanitatis nomen adsequitur,

    id. 8, 6, 74; 10, 1, 115.—
    B.
    In a bad sense, trickery, roguery, knavery:

    incuriosos milites (vernaculā utebantur urbanitate) quidam spoliavere,

    Tac. H. 2, 88; so,

    vernula,

    Petr. 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > urbanitas

  • 5 cultē

        cultē adv. with comp.    [cultus], elegantly: loqui, O.: cultius dicere, Ta.
    * * *
    cultius, cultissime ADV
    elegantly, smartly, stylishly; (of oratorical style); with polish/refinement

    Latin-English dictionary > cultē

  • 6 cultus

        cultus adj. with comp. and sup.    [P. of colo], cultivated, tilled: ager cultissimus: fundus, H.: materia: cultiora loca, Cu.—Fig., neat, tidy, well-dressed: bene puella, O.: femina cultissima, O. — Polished, elegant, cultivated: animi: cultiora tempora, Cu.: carmina, O.
    * * *
    I
    culta -um, cultior -or -us, cultissimus -a -um ADJ
    cultivated/tilled/farmed (well); ornamented, neat/well groomed; polished/elegant
    II
    habitation; cultivation (land); civilization, refinement; polish, elegance; care, worship, devotion/observance; form of worship, cult; training/education; personal care/maintenance/grooming; style; finery, splendor; neatness/order

    Latin-English dictionary > cultus

  • 7 hūmānitās

        hūmānitās ātis, f    [humanus], human nature, humanity: magna est vis humanitatis: humanisatis societas: iura humanitatis: erratum ex humanitate communi.— The human race, mankind: commune humanitatis corpus.— Humanity, philanthropy, kindliness, kindness, sympathy, good nature, politeness: humanitatis parum habere: sensus humanitatis: ex animo exstirpata: pro tuā humanitate: summa erga nos.— Civilization, cultivation, good-breeding, elegance, refinement: provinciae, Cs.: politioris humanitatis expers: vita perpolita humanitate: ea quae multum ab humanitate discrepant, ut, etc., good manners: humanitate omnibus praestitisse, polished language: alicuius humanitatem adamare.
    * * *
    human nature/character/feeling; kindness/courtesy; culture/civilization

    Latin-English dictionary > hūmānitās

  • 8 sapor

        sapor ōris, m    [SAP-], a taste, relish, flavor, savor (as a quality of things): non odore ullo, non sapore capi: ut mel, suo proprio genere saporis, dulce esse sentitur: tardus, V.: tristi poma sapore, O.: ratio saporum, H.— A dainty, delicacy: huc iussos adsperge sapores, V.: et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem, i. e. juice, V.—Fig., of style, taste, elegance: vernaculus.—Of conduct: homo sine sapore, without refinement.
    * * *
    taste, flavor; sense of taste

    Latin-English dictionary > sapor

  • 9 urbānitās

        urbānitās ātis, f    [urbanus], a living in the city, city life, life in Rome: desideria urbis et urbanitatis.— City fashion, city manners, refinement, elegance, politeness, courtesy, affability, urbanity: addo urbanitatem, quae est virtus: urbanitate quādam quasi colorata oratio.— Wit, humor, pleasantry, raillery: in hominum facetorum urbanitatem incurrere.— Trickery, knavery, Ta.
    * * *
    city living, city life/manners, life in Rome; sophistication, polish, wit

    Latin-English dictionary > urbānitās

  • 10 amusia

    boorishness, lack of refinement; ignorance of music (L+S)

    Latin-English dictionary > amusia

  • 11 argutia

    clever use of words (pl.), verbal trickery, sophistry; wit, jesting; refinement

    Latin-English dictionary > argutia

  • 12 concinnitas

    neatness/elegance; excessive ingenuity/refinement; grace/charm (of appearance)

    Latin-English dictionary > concinnitas

  • 13 depuratio

    Latin-English dictionary > depuratio

  • 14 illepidus

    illepida, illepidum ADJ

    Latin-English dictionary > illepidus

  • 15 incultus

    I
    inculta -um, incultior -or -us, incultissimus -a -um ADJ
    uncultivated (land), overgrown; unkempt; rough, uncouth; uncourted
    II
    want of cultivation or refinement, uncouthness, disregard

    Latin-English dictionary > incultus

  • 16 raffinatio

    Latin-English dictionary > raffinatio

  • 17 humanitas

    kindness, culture, refinement.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > humanitas

  • 18 elegantia

    ēlĕgantia, ae, f. [elegans].
    * I.
    A being nice or particular; exquisiteness, fastidiousness (ante-class. and very rare):

    ejus elegantia meam extemplo speciem spernat,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 20.—Far more freq.,
    II.
    Taste, propriety, refinement, grace, elegance (cf.: gustus, sapor, judicium).
    (α).
    With gen.: tu eloquentiam ab elegantia doctrinae segregandam putes, Cic. de Or. [p. 637] 1, 2, 5:

    vitae,

    Tac. A. 14, 19:

    morum,

    id. ib. 5, 8:

    capilli (with venustas oris),

    Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 67:

    ac subtilitas operum,

    id. 16, 15, 26, § 66 et saep.:

    verborum Latinorum,

    Cic. Brut. 75, 261; cf.

    scriptorum,

    id. Fam. 4, 4; so,

    Latini sermonis,

    id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

    mira sermonis,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    figurarum,

    id. 12, 9, 6;

    and transf.: Socraticorum,

    id. 10, 1, 83; cf.

    Secundi,

    id. 12, 10, 11. —In plur.:

    vocum verborumque,

    Gell. 2, 9 fin. —
    (β).
    Absol.:

    qua munditia homines! qua elegantia!

    Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2; cf. id. Sull. 28, 79; id. Leg. 3, 1:

    quae (agricultura) abhorret ab omni politiore elegantia,

    id. Fin. 3, 2; cf. Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 14, 6, 8, § 71; Suet. Aug. 73:

    elegantia modo et munditia remanebit,

    Cic. Or. 23 fin.; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 20; 10, 2, 19 al.—In plur.:

    laudatus propter elegantias dominus,

    Petr. 34, 5; Gell. 1, 4; cf. id. 19, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > elegantia

  • 19 humanitas

    hūmānĭtas, ātis, f. [humanus], human nature, humanity, in a good sense; the qualities, feelings, and inclinations of mankind.
    I.
    In gen. (for the most part only in Cic.):

    magna est vis humanitatis, multum valet communio sanguinis,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

    naturas hominum vimque omnem humanitatis penitus perspicere,

    id. de Or. 1, 12, 53:

    humanitatis societas,

    id. Rep. 2, 26:

    communis humanitatis jus,

    id. Fl. 11, 24; cf.:

    communis humanitatis causa,

    id. Quint. 16, 51:

    peterem errato veniam ex humanitate communi,

    id. Sull. 23, 64:

    humanitatis prima species,

    id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

    at natura certe dedit, ut humanitatis non parum haberes,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

    humanitatem tuam amoremque in tuos reditus celeritas declarabit,

    id. Att. 4, 15, 2:

    nec potuisse (te) non commoveri (viri amicissimi morte) nec fuisse id humanitatis tuae,

    id. Lael. 2, 8:

    fac, id quod est humanitatis tuae, ne quid aliud cures hoc tempore, nisi ut quam commodissime convalescas,

    which you owe to yourself as a man, id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

    assiduitate molestiarum sensum omnem humanitatis ex animis amittimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 53, 154 fin.; cf.:

    jam ad ista obduruimus et humanitatem omnem exuimus,

    id. Att. 13, 2, 1; id. Lig. 5, 14:

    nisi ex ejus animo exstirpatam humanitatem arbitramur,

    id. Lael. 13, 48:

    age vero, quid esse potest in otio aut jucundius aut magis proprium humanitatis quam sermo facetus ac nulla in re rudis?

    id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

    homines quidem pereunt: ipsa humanitas, ad quam homo effingitur, permanet,

    Sen. Ep. 65.—
    B.
    Transf., concr., i. q. humanum genus, the human race, mankind (very rare;

    mostly post-class.): ista in figura hominis feritas a communi tamquam humanitatis corpore segreganda est,

    Cic. Off. 3, 6, 32:

    humanitatem hoc loco dicimus omne hominum genus,

    Hier. Ep. 147:

    timorem omnem, quo humanitas regitur, sustulerunt,

    Min. Fel. Oct. 8; App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 11; id. Trism. p. 288.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Humane or gentle conduct towards others, humanity, philanthropy, gentleness, kindness, politeness (syn.: comitas, facilitas, mansuetudo, clementia, opp. severitas;

    very freq. and class.): quemquamne existimas Catone proavo tuo commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?... Sed si illius comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris, etc.,

    Cic. Mur. 31, 66; cf.:

    pro tua facilitate et humanitate,

    id. Fam. 13, 24, 2:

    difficillimam illam societatem gravitatis cum humanitate,

    id. Leg. 3, 1, 1:

    ut summa severitas summa cum humanitate jungatur,

    id. Fam. 12, 27:

    ad humanitatem atque mansuetudinem revocavit animos hominum, studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feros,

    id. Rep. 2, 14; cf. id. Sull. 33, 92; id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 42; cf.

    also: omnia plena clementiae, mansuetudinis, humanitatis,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8 fin.; and: pro sua clementia atque humanitate, Hirt. B. G. 8, 21, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 2:

    tantaque poena (eos) afficiamus, quantam aequitas humanitasque patitur,

    Cic. Off. 2, 5, 18:

    singularis humanitas suavissimique mores,

    id. Att. 16, 16, A, 6:

    Caesaris summa erga nos humanitas,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 2; cf.:

    amorem erga me, humanitatem suavitatemque desidero,

    id. Att. 15, 1, A, 1:

    humanitas vetat superbum esse adversus socios,

    Sen. Ep. 88 med.:

    humanitatis praecipua pars est, honestissimum quemque complecti, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 5, 1:

    illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, invicem qualiacumque laudandi,

    Quint. 2, 2, 10.—
    B.
    Mental cultivation befitting a man, liberal education, good breeding, elegance of manners or language, refinement (cf. on this signif. Gell. 13, 16; syn.: doctrina, litterae, eruditio;

    freq. and class.): homo non communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

    esse politum propriis humanitatis artibus,

    id. Rep. 1, 17; cf.:

    humanitate politiores,

    id. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

    in omni recto studio atque humanitate versari,

    id. ib. 1, 60, 256:

    sine ulla bona arte, sine humanitate, sine ingenio, sine litteris,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

    doctrinae studium atque humanitatis,

    id. Cael. 10, 24; cf.:

    propter humanitatem atque doctrinam Anco regi familiaris,

    id. Rep. 2, 20:

    in omni genere sermonis, in omni parte humanitatis dixerim oratorem perfectum esse debere,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 35 (Ellendt ad loc.):

    orator inops quidam humanitatis atque inurbanus,

    id. ib. 2, 10, 40:

    ea quae multum ab humanitate discrepant, ut si quis in foro cantet,

    good manners, id. Off. 1, 40, 145:

    Socratem opinor in hac ironia dissimulantiaque longe lepore et humanitate omnibus praestisse,

    polished language, id. de Or. 2, 67, 270:

    (epistulae) humanitatis sparsae sale,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

    alicujus litteras aut humanitatem adamare,

    id. Rosc. Am. 41, 121:

    litteris, et humanitate alicujus delectari,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > humanitas

  • 20 incultus

    1.
    in-cultus, a, um, adj., untilled, uncultivated (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    ager,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

    via, with silvestris,

    neglected, id. Brut. 72, 259:

    quid incultius oppidis?

    id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:

    incultae atque inhabitabiles regiones,

    id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

    incultum et derelictum solum,

    id. Brut. 4, 16:

    caritas annonae ex incultis agris,

    Liv. 2, 34, 2.—
    II.
    Transf., undressed, unadorned, unpolished, neglected, rude (mostly poet.):

    coma,

    uncombed, disordered, Ov. F. 3, 470:

    genae,

    disfigured, id. H. 8, 64:

    homo, ut vita, sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

    Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    inculta atque rusticana parsimonia,

    id. Quint. 30:

    indocti incultique,

    without education, Sall. C. 2, 8:

    homines intonsi et inculti,

    Liv. 21, 32, 7:

    versus,

    unpolished, rude, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233:

    ingenium,

    uncultivated, id. ib. 1, 3, 22:

    Laestrygones,

    i. e. destitute of cultivation, savage, wild, Tib. 4, 1, 59.—Hence, adv.: incultē, in an uncultivated manner, roughly, rudely, uncouthly, inelegantly:

    inculte atque horride vivere,

    Cic. Quint. 18:

    incultius agitare,

    Sall. J. 20, 5:

    agere,

    id. ib. 89, 7:

    inculte horrideque dicere,

    Cic. Or. 9, 28:

    non inculte dicere,

    id. Brut. 28.
    2.
    in-cultus, ūs, m., want of cultivation or refinement (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

    incultu, tenebris, odore foeda ejus (Tulliani) facies est,

    Sall. C. 55, 4:

    ingenium incultu atque socordiā torpescere sinunt,

    id. J. 2, 4:

    honores desertos per incultum ac negligentiam,

    Liv. 42, 12, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > incultus

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  • refinement — ► NOUN 1) the process of refining. 2) an improvement or clarification brought about by the making of small changes. 3) cultured elegance or superior taste …   English terms dictionary

  • refinement — [ri fīn′mənt] n. 1. a) a refining or being refined b) the result of this 2. delicacy or elegance of language, speech, manners, etc.; polish; cultivation 3. a development; improvement; elaboration 4. a fine distinction; subtlety …   English World dictionary

  • refinement — noun 1 improvement to/on sth; process of improving sth ADJECTIVE ▪ considerable, great ▪ A greater refinement of the categorization is possible. ▪ extra, further ▪ constant …   Collocations dictionary

  • refinement — re|fine|ment [rıˈfaınmənt] n 1.) an improvement, usually a small one, to something ▪ The new model has a number of refinements. 2.) something which is an improved ↑version of an existing product, system etc refinement of ▪ The new theory is a… …   Dictionary of contemporary English

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