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21 sistema para información geográfica
sistema para información geográfica (SIG)Ex: A Geographic Information System (GIS) is an automated system for creating, managing, analysing and displaying spatially referenced (mapped or mappable) data about a park's resources and facilities.
Spanish-English dictionary > sistema para información geográfica
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22 adobera
(Sp. model spelled same [aðoβéra] < adobe [see above] plus - era 'place where the lexical root is made or an object used for making the same')The most common meaning of this term (also referenced by Hoy) is "a wooden mold used for making adobe bricks." The DRAE, as well as the Mexican sources consulted, also states that it may refer to the place where adobes are made. -
23 ayate
(Sp. model spelled same [ajáte]< Nahuatl ayatl 'thin cloth made of maguey fiber')Glossed by Carlisle as a square or rectangular piece of plaid cloth used to carry diverse items by southwestern Indians. It was fashioned into a sling and served to transport pottery, foodstuffs, and other things. The term is referenced in the DRAE, DM, and VCN. All three Spanish sources say that the term refers to a woven fabric made of maguey fiber used as a sort of bag to carry fruit and other items. The DRAE indicates that the fabric could have been made of palm fibers, henequen, or cotton. Buckaroos who resided in Indian territory likely would have seen this artifact and known its name. -
24 baile
1) New Mexico and Arizona: 1844. A dance or ball, especially one in which the participants or the dances are Mexican. -
25 bajada
(Sp. model spelled same [baxáda] < Spanish verb bajar 'to go down' < Latin bassiare 'to go down' plus Spanish derivational suffix -¿/a)OED, SW: 1866. This term is referenced by Hendrickson, Hoy, Clark, Watts, the DARE, and the OED. It is generally defined as an incline sloping downward formed by the merging of several alluvial fans (composed of rock debris, such as gravel, sand, and silt). The term may also refer to a steeply descending trail. The DRAE also references bajada as a trail that leads downward. Santamaría adds that in Mexico the term also refers not only to a trail, but to any downward slope. The trail boss and drivers encountered many bajadas and subidas (trail leading up) in the uneven, rocky, and sometimes treacherous western terrain. -
26 banda
(Sp. model spelled same [bánda], of disputed origin; the DRAE indicates that it comes from Germanic band 'sash, band'; according to Corominas it is from Old French bende, bande 'sash, band, or bandage')Carlisle: 1925. Referenced by Carlisle as "a bright-colored triangular or square shaped piece of material folded to make a strip about 3 or 4 inches wide and worn around the forehead; used extensively by the male Indians of the Southwest." Similiar to a bandana, a term of Hindustani-Portuguese origin, according to the OED. -
27 bayo blanco
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28 bellota
(Sp. model spelled same [bejóta] < Arabic ballata 'oak; acorn')An oak found in the Southwest ( Quercus arizonica). Can also refer to a type of bread made from ground acorns, reportedly eaten by some of the indigenous peoples. None of the Spanish sources consulted referenced this term as the name of a tree, although the term in General Spanish means acorn. It is possible that cowboys and ranchers were familiar with this term, particularly if they resided in Indian territory. -
29 bronca
Arizona: 1931. Referenced by Carlisle as the feminine form of bronco. She does not indicate whether it referred to horses or women. Spanish sources define it as a fight, uproar, or dispute. -
30 buckaroo
( vaquero [bakéro] < Spanish vaca 'cow' < Latin vaccam 'cow'and Spanish suffix -ero 'profession or office.' Mason's speculation that a Nigerian form mbakara > bakara 'white man' is the model can easily be dismissed on linguistic grounds. See Cassidy and Hill for further details)1) Texas: 1827. A working cowboy; later it came to mean any ranch hand. Watts suggests that the term was popularized in pulp literature because it conjures an image of a man on a bucking horse; indeed, A. A. Hill posits a blend with the term buck( ing) as the source for the first syllable. Watts also notes that the most widely known form, buckaroo, was used in the Northwest. In the Southwest bucka-ree was common. Blevins indicates that the term buckaroo was commonly used in "the desert basins of Northern Nevada, Northern California, Eastern Oregon, and Western Idaho." Hendrickson indicates that this word has become so integrated into the English language that it has been the model for over fifty American slang words. Among those referenced by Hendrickson are stinkaroo (a bad play or movie), the old switcheroo (the act of substituting one thing for another with the intention to deceive, 'bait-and-switch tactics'), antsaroo (refers to someone who is impatient or has 'ants in his pants'), jugaroo (jail), and ziparoo (energy). The original Spanish term is vaquero, a common name for a man who cares for cattle.Alternate forms: (some early forms were stressed on the second syllable) baccaro, bacquero, baquero, bucaroo, buccaro, buccaroo, buchario, buckara, buckaree, buckayro, buckeroo, buckhara, bukkarer, jackeroo.2) Nevada: 1967. It may also be a verb meaning to work as a cowboy. -
31 buen pais
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32 bueno
(Sp. model spelled same [bwéno] < Latin bonum 'good')Blevins observes that it was used as a cattle term in the Southwest during the open-range days. It referred to a cow that had not been claimed at a roundup and whose brand could not be found in the brand book. Such a cow was a good find because it could be slipped past brand inspectors. This meaning is not referenced in Spanish sources. -
33 buffalo
West: 1848. The North American bison ( Bison americanus). According to Watts, Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca was the first to apply erroneously the Spanish term búfalo to the American bison because it was similar in appearance to the Indian or African wild ox or buffalo. The buffalo played an important role in the exploration and settlement of the Old West. According to Josiah Gregg ( Commerce of the Prairies), it was a primary source of meat for early expeditions. It was also widely hunted by Indians for its meat and hide. As a result of the animal's importance in the Southwest, the term, originally applied by the Spaniards, became highly integrated into English. This is evidenced by its use as a verb (first referenced in English in central Texas in 1896), meaning to frighten or confuse (or, by extension, to strike on the head with the barrel of a gun), as well as by its use in more than thirty compounds that refer to Southwestern plant life (buffalo berry, buffalo clover, buffalo pea) and animal life (buffalo fish, buffalo wolf). Some compounds containing buffalo also pertain to the history of the Southwest: "buffalo cider" or "buffalo gall" was a liquid found in the buffalo's stomach that could save a thirsty explorer, "buffalo fever" was the excitement felt at the onset of a "buffalo hunt," and "buffalo wood," "buffalo fuel" or "buffalo chips" referred to dried buffalo manure, used to start fires. Santamaría and the DRAE both point out the erroneous use of búfalo in North America to refer to the American bison.Alternate forms: buff, buffler, bufler. -
34 cachimilla
( cachanilla [kat∫aníja] < New Mexican Spanish cachana < Mexican Spanish cachane ( Senecio cardiophillus, according to the DM))DARE: 1911. A shrub ( Pluchea sericea) with straight, tough stalks. The stalks were used by Indians to make shafts for their arrows. According to the DARE, this plant ranges from western Texas to California and northern Mexico. The term cachanilla is referenced by Cobos as a plant with curative properties. He says the term derives from cachaña, which he defines similarly. Its root is said to counteract the ill effects of curses, hexes and other forms of witchcraft. In English, it is also known as arrow weed, arrow wood.Alternate forms: cachanilla, cachinilla. -
35 California
(Sp. model spelled same [kalifórnja]; originally the name of an island in a Spanish romantic poem Las Sergas de Esplandián, written by Garci Ordóñez de Montalvo; the name is possibly a blend of the word caliph and the names of Spanish cities such as Calahorra. When Spanish explorers discovered Baja California, they assumed it was an island and called it California. The territory that is now the state of California was known as Alta California under Spanish and Mexican rule)1) The thirty-first state in the Union. It became part of the United States in 1850.2) Northwestern Texas: 1933. The DARE references california as a verb meaning to throw an animal by catching it with a rope around its neck and flank and tripping it with one's foot. A method used especially for large and unmanageable calves. Not referenced in Spanish sources.3) An attributive adjective used in many combinations to denote animals (such as the California condor, California jay, California lion, California quail, California yellowtail, etc.), plants (California beeplant, California laurel, California lilac, California nutmeg, California sidesaddle flower), and items particular to California's history. The terms that are pertinent to the cowboy's era or trade are listed below. -
36 calzoneras
(Sp. model spelled same [kalsonéras]< calzón 'pants' [see above] plus the Spanish derivative suffix -era). Southwest: 1844. Blevins correctly observes that this term refers to Mexican or Spanish-style pants that are split along the outside seam, usually to reveal cotton or linen underwear. The edges of the split may be decorated with buttons, braids, or silver conchas. This term is referenced in the DRAE and the DM. Santamaría indicates that it refers to pants made of cloth or soft leather, left open from top to bottom on both sides. They had buttons and buttonholes so that the wearer could partially or completely close the splits. They were more common in earlier periods, especially for riding horseback. -
37 canyon
(cañón [kaɲón], origin uncertain; either a figurative application of the augmentative form of caño 'pipe, conduit' < caña 'cane' < Latin cannam 'reed,' or since callón is an older form, it may derive from calle 'street' < Latin callem 'narrow path')Bentley: 1805. According to Blevins, a steep-sided valley, gorge, or ravine formed by a stream or river that has cut through the landscape. Water may or may not be flowing through it. The DRAE, DM, and VCN provide concurring definitions. In Spanish, a cañón is a narrow pass or valley between two mountains, generally with a river running through it.Alternate forms: cañon, kanyon, kenyon.2) According to Blevins, canyon can be used as a verb, meaning to lead into a canyon (as a stream).The verb form is not referenced in Spanish sources.Alternate forms: canyon out, canyon up. -
38 cascabel
(Sp. model spelled same [kaskaßél] < Occitan cascavel 'bell' diminutive form of Vulgar Latin * cascabus < Latin caccabus which was anciently used to mean bell, and it evolved into its modern form by onomatopoeic influence)According to Watts, "The enlargement at the loose end of the reata, which, after the dally around the saddle-horn was made, could be caught under the right leg of the roper." This meaning is not referenced in Spanish sources, and it is uncertain how the Spanish word for 'small bell or jingle bell' gained this meaning in the Southwest. Perhaps the southwestern definition came from another meaning in American Spanish, where cascabel can also refer to the rattle on a rattlesnake. -
39 cavvy
( caballada [kapajáða]< Spanish caballo 'horse' plus the collective suffix -ada; 'a herd of horses')1) Texas: 1821 ( caballada); Southwest Texas: 1937 (cavvy). A band of saddle horses; refers to the mounts owned by a ranch when they are not being ridden. Although Adams indicates that this term refers exclusively to domesticated horses, Watts notes that in literature it has been applied occasionally to a band of wild horses. The DARE indicates that it may have meant a grouping of horses or mules, and Clark says that in rural areas it referred to a group of stray cows, perhaps because some associated the sound of "cavvy" with "calfie." Watts mentions that cavvy and other forms were commonly used to refer to a group of saddle horses on northern ranges in the early days of cattle herding in the West. Remuda was more common in the Southwest and Texas. Later, the variant cavieyah became the standard on northern ranges, while remuda continued to be used on southern ranges. Both the DRAE and Santamaría reference caballada as a herd of horses, both stallions and mares. Although cavvy is considered the most common variant, there are many alternate forms: caavy, cabablada, caballad, caballada, caballado, caballard, caballáda, calf yard, cavalade, cavalgada, caval-lad, cavallada, cavallado, cavallard, cavalry yard, cavalyard, cavayado, cavayard, cavayer, caviada, caviard, caviarde, caviata, caviya, cavoy, cavvayah, cavvayard, cavvie, cavvieyah, cavvieyard, cavvie-yard, cavviyard, cavvieyeh, cavvoy, cavvy yard, cavvyard, cavvy-avvi, cavvyiard, cavy, cavyard, cavyyard, cavy-yard. Some of these alternate forms, such as calf yard, cavalry yard, and other formations that include the term yard are folk etymologies.2) By extension from (1) a "ca(a)vy"[sic?] was "a pony or saddle horse used on a round-up," according to Hendrickson.3) Hendrickson indicates that the term might also refer to "a stray horse or steer." Neither (2) nor (3) are referenced in Spanish sources, but may represent extensions from the original meaning. -
40 chapo
(Sp. model spelled same [t∫ápo], of disputed origin. May be from Nahuatl tzapa 'dwarf' or from Spanish chaparro 'short, stubby person.' Sobarzo suggests it is the shortened form of the past participle chapodado, meaning 'cut off' [as the branches of a tree])Clark: 1850s. Short and stocky, chubby, or a person with those characteristics. Clark indicates that this term may also refer to a horse. Not referenced in the DRAE. Santamaría and Sobarzo gloss chapo as a noun or adjective that describes a short, fat person. Cobos indicates that the meaning is the same in New Mexico and southern Colorado and that chopo exists as an alternate form in Spanish.Alternate forms: chopo, chupo.
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