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1 bayo
(Sp. model spelled same [βájo] < Latin badium 'bay-colored')1) California: 1855. Glossed by Clark as "a small reddish or bay-colored bean, especially used in Northern California as a baking bean." The VCN mentions a bean of the same name that is yellowish white in color.Alternate form: bayo bean.2) Southern California: 1857. A horse of a dun or light bay color, generally with black points (such as ears, muzzle, and lower legs)The DRAE indicates that this term refers to a horse of a yellowish-white color. The VCN says the horse is of a bright yellow straw color with mane, tail, muzzle, and feet of either white, dark, black, or saffron. Cobos references bayo as dun-colored.Alternate form: ballo.3) Clark: 1850s. According to Clark, "a bay or dun horse with a dark stripe running down its back." -
2 Key to Sources Frequently Cited
Adams - Western Words: A Dictionary of the Old WestBentley - A Dictionary of Spanish Terms in English, withBlevins - Dictionary of the American WestCabrera - Diccionario de aztequismosCarlisle - “A Southwestern Dictionary”Clark - Western Lore and Language: A Dictionary for Enthusiasts of the American WestCobos A Dictionary of New Mexico and Southern ColoradoCorominas Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana or Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánicoDARE Dictionary of American Regional EnglishDM Diccionario de mejicanismosDRAE Diccionario de la Real Academia EspañolaHendrickson Happy Trails: A Dictionary of Western ExpressionsHoy Spanish Terms of the Sonoran Dessert Borderlands:A Basic GlossaryIslas Vocabulario campesino nacionalOED Oxford English DictionaryRoyal Academy Diccionario de la Real Academia EspañolaSantamaría Diccionario de mejicanismosSobarzo Vocabulario sonorenseSmith A Southwestern Vocabulary: The Words They UsedVCN Vocabulario campesino nacionalVS Vocabulario sonorenseWatts A Dictionary of the Old West -
3 armas
(Sp. model spelled same [ármas] < Latin arma, '(pieces of) armor, shield')Clark: 1930s. Large leather flaps attached to the saddle to protect the rider's legs against brush and thorns. Watts indicates that they were a precursor to more modern chaps. The DM defines armas de agua/ de pelo as two large pieces of goat hide, with the hair left on, that were attached to a saddle or to the belt of a rider to cover his legs and feet and protect them from water. Santamaría also notes that armas were sometimes used as mats for sleeping. Some were richly decorated. He also mentions that they have been substituted more recently by chaps or chaparreras, which do not protect the feet and cannot be used for sleeping. A similar definition can be found in the VCN, where armas de agua or armas de pelo are leather flaps that protect a rider's legs and the saddle from rain. Armas de pecho are defined as similar devices used mainly by vaqueros in Jalisco, Mexico, to defend themselves against rain and rugged terrain. -
4 atajo
( hatajo [atáxo] < verb atajar < prefix a- plus verb tajar < Latin taliare 'to cut,' meaning group that has been separated or set apart from a larger group).New Mexico: 1844. A string of packmules or pack horses. Bentley indicates "a typical atajo may have consisted of from fifteen to forty animals equipped with aparejos and cared for by drivers or atajaderos." Santamaría concurs. The DRAE and the VCN give "a group of livestock" as an alternate definition. These pack animals were a necessity on the long cattle drives and some borderland cowboys certainly knew the Spanish term.Alternate forms: atago, hatajo. -
5 ayate
(Sp. model spelled same [ajáte]< Nahuatl ayatl 'thin cloth made of maguey fiber')Glossed by Carlisle as a square or rectangular piece of plaid cloth used to carry diverse items by southwestern Indians. It was fashioned into a sling and served to transport pottery, foodstuffs, and other things. The term is referenced in the DRAE, DM, and VCN. All three Spanish sources say that the term refers to a woven fabric made of maguey fiber used as a sort of bag to carry fruit and other items. The DRAE indicates that the fabric could have been made of palm fibers, henequen, or cotton. Buckaroos who resided in Indian territory likely would have seen this artifact and known its name. -
6 bayo azafranado
(Sp. model spelled same [bájo asafranáðo]; Spanish bayo [see above] plus azafranado past participle of azafranar 'to color with saffron' < azafrán < Arabic az-za'faran 'saffron'; hence, 'saffron-colored bay')A saffron-colored horse, somewhere between dun and sorrel. The VCN concurs. -
7 brasada
( brazada [brasáða], apparently a combination of brazo 'arm' < Latin brachium 'arm' and -ada, a Spanish derivational suffix; in this case, it may mean accumulation of arms or tree branches, or it may refer to a measure of the amount of firewood or brush that can be carried in both arms). Texas: 1929. A region characterized by dense undergrowth, known as brush country. West Texas features such vegetation; the cattle that graze in such areas are remarkably well-adapted to the rugged terrain. Southwestern sources give a variety of possible etymologies for this word, since no Spanish dictionary contains a similar definition. The VCN and VS reference brazada as a unit of measurement roughly equivalent to that which can be carried in one's open arms. The DRAE includes both brazada and brazado as a measurement for the amount of firewood, sticks, grass, or straw that can be carried in a person's open arms. Blevins's theory that it derives from Spanish bruzada 'brush' (for scrubbing and cleaning), is doubtful. It is more likely, as Bentley and Adams suggest, that the term somehow derives from the Spanish brazo, meaning arm or tree branch. -
8 burro
1) New Mexico: 1844. A donkey. Sometimes referred to a mule. According to Blevins, "also known as 'Arizona nightingale,' Colorado mockingbird,' 'desert canary,' 'mountain canary,' 'Rocky Mountain canary,' 'Washoe canary,' 'western nightingale'." The DRAE references burro as an ass or solipede animal.2) Among cattlemen, the word also refers to a stand made for storing a saddle when it is not in use. The VCN concurs. The stand has the appearance of a pitched roof of a house, and Adams says that it is much better to rest a saddle on a burro than to hang it or lay it on the ground. The DRAE indicates that a burro is a type of adjustable sawhorse. -
9 button
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10 canelo
(Sp. model spelled same [kanélo] < canela 'cinnamon' < Old French canele < Italian cannella, diminutive of canna 'cane,' because of the canelike shape of dried cinnamon bark). A red-roan or cinam-mon-colored horse. Watts notes that this term generally "applies to a horse of California or Spanish stock." Smith indicates that this term can also refer to a brown or cinammon-colored cow. The DRAE, DM, and VCN all reference this term as a color for horses. Islas specifies that the color is a mixture of sorrel and white and that horses of this color have muzzle, mane, tail, and points of a reddish-brown color. Santamaría also says that the color is similar to sorrel mixed with white, but that the horse's muzzle, mane, tail, and points are black. -
11 canyon
(cañón [kaɲón], origin uncertain; either a figurative application of the augmentative form of caño 'pipe, conduit' < caña 'cane' < Latin cannam 'reed,' or since callón is an older form, it may derive from calle 'street' < Latin callem 'narrow path')Bentley: 1805. According to Blevins, a steep-sided valley, gorge, or ravine formed by a stream or river that has cut through the landscape. Water may or may not be flowing through it. The DRAE, DM, and VCN provide concurring definitions. In Spanish, a cañón is a narrow pass or valley between two mountains, generally with a river running through it.Alternate forms: cañon, kanyon, kenyon.2) According to Blevins, canyon can be used as a verb, meaning to lead into a canyon (as a stream).The verb form is not referenced in Spanish sources.Alternate forms: canyon out, canyon up. -
12 cencerro
(Sp. model spelled same [senséro ] onomatopoeic formation of uncertain origin, probably < Basque zinzerri, 'dog's bell'). Carlisle: 1876. A mare that wears a bell to help locate the herd. Also known as bell-mare. Spanish sources, including the DRAE and the VCN, gloss cencerro as a type of small, crude bell. The DRAE indicates that it is attached to the necks of cattle; Islas notes that it is most often used for animals that tend to stray from the herd, or for those that serve as guides or caponeras. -
13 chicote
(Sp. model spelled same [t∫ikóte], of disputed origin; either from French chicot 'piece of a trunk or cut root emerging from the ground,' 'splinter embedded in a horse's hoof,' or 'root of a tooth' [DRAE, Corominas]; or from Nahuatl xicotli 'wasp with a loud buzz and a painful sting' [Cabrera])Also called latigo, azote.
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